Altitude Illness Unveiled: Symptoms,
Prevention, and Remedies by Mark
Siefring MD
Altitude sickness, often called acute mountain sickness (AMS), affects travelers who ascend too quickly to high elevations, typically above 8,000 feet The primary cause is the reduced oxygen levels at these altitudes, which the body needs time to adjust to This lack of acclimatization can trigger a range of symptoms, from mild discomfort to life-threatening conditions.
As explained by Mark Siefring MD, the symptoms of altitude sickness usually appear within a few hours of reaching a higher altitude Mild cases may cause headaches, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, and trouble sleeping While these symptoms are uncomfortable, they usually subside as the body adjusts. In more severe cases, individuals may experience high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) or high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), which manifests as severe confusion, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and even fluid buildup in the lungs or brain These conditions require urgent medical intervention.
Prevention is vital when it comes to altitude sickness The best strategy is a gradual ascent, giving the body enough time to adapt to the reduced oxygen levels. Climbers and travelers are advised to spend extra days at mid-range altitudes, climbing no more than 1,000 feet per day above 8,000 feet. Staying well-hydrated, avoiding alcohol, and limiting physical exertion can also help reduce the chances of developing symptoms Additionally, some people take acetazolamide (Diamox), a medication that helps speed up acclimatization
If symptoms of altitude sickness do develop, the most effective treatment is descending to a lower altitude as soon as possible Even descending a few hundred feet can significantly alleviate symptoms. Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage mild cases. For more severe cases, particularly those involving HAPE or HACE, immediate medical attention is necessary, and treatment may involve supplemental oxygen, steroids like dexamethasone, or hospitalization.
Altitude sickness is unpredictable and can affect even experienced climbers and athletes Understanding the risks, taking preventive measures, and being vigilant for symptoms are essential steps to ensure safety at high altitudes While altitude sickness can damper an adventure, being prepared and acting promptly can prevent it from becoming a severe threat Ultimately, proper acclimatization allows travelers to enjoy their time in the mountains without compromising their health