Auroville Detailed Development plan 2016 by MARTA JARABO

DETAILED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2016 AUROVILLE RESIDENTIAL ZONE SECTORS 1 & 2 MASTER PLAN PHASE 1 AUROVILLE TOWN DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL

Prepared by Luis Feduchi Architect, Camilo Jose Cela University Institute of Architecture

In collaboration with Auroville Town Development Council

DETAILED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2016 AUROVILLE RESIDENTIAL ZONE SECTORS 1 & 2

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

Prepared by: Luis Feduchi Architect CSCAE Dean and Professor of Architecture Design School of Architecture and Technology Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28692, Madrid, Spain IN COLLABORATION WITH: Nicole Clarence Smith, Socio-economic Planning Jacqueline Lacoste, Urban Design Cristo Mabilat, Regional Development Sauro Mezzeti, Overall Coordination and Facilitation Toby Neuman, Township Development B V Doshi, Chairman, Auroville Town Development Council PROJECT TEAM

Luis Feduchi, Principal Architect Kaja Delezuch, Project Architect at Luis Feduchi Architect Miguel Ruiz Cid, LFA Architect, UCJC Lecturer Daniel Garcia, LFA Architect, UCJC Lecturer Rocio Conesa, LFA Architect, UCJC Lecturer Marta Jarabo, LFA Architect I-Wen Kuo, LFA Architect Valerie Codesido, UCJC Intern Hector Prats, UCJC Intern

DETAILED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2016, RESIDENTIAL ZONE SECTORS 1 & 2, AUROVILLE Prepared by Luis Feduchi (Universidad Camilo José Cela) in collaboration with TDC (Town Development Council) © 2016 AV TDC and Universidad Camilo José Cela

LAND USE

Land Use Strategy

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Existing Geophysical Features Existing Built Structures Land Ownership Urban and Green Zone Green Corridors Water Percolation Land Use

ANNEX 00 PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE 00 Land Development Unit (LDU) 00 LDUs Virtual Boundaries set out 00 How to read an LDU file

00 DDP PARAMETERS 00 Key Plan LDU

00 LDU PARAMETERS 00

MOVEMENT 00 Key Plan LDU

Movement Strategy

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Existing Movement Pattern Surface Water Waste Water Biodiversity Human Motorised Access

URBAN FORM

Urban Form Strategy

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Existing Urban Form City Model Imprint Porosity Analysis Projected Urban Form and Existing Scenario Public Space Public Realm - Covered Walkways Built Typologies Amenities

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DENSITY Density Strategy

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Current Density Heights Land Development Units Population Distribution Residential Density

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Zoom 01 Zoom 02 Zoom 03 Zoom 04 Zoom 05 Zoom 06 Zoom 07 Zoom 08 Zoom 09 Zoom 10 Zoom 11 Zoom 12 Zoom 13

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Residential Sector International Sector Industrial Sector Cultural Sector

Residential Sector 1 Residential Sector 2

The Crown Line of Force Inner City

Green Belt Matrimandir lake The twelve gardens Matrimandir

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Primary objectives of these strategies include: • setting a framework for diversity in densities, housing typologies and the heights of the built fabric, • safeguarding establishment of a walkable, well-connected, mixed use public realm • ensuring the presence of generally accessible green space constituting 50% of the sectors area. Those objectives are to be achieved whilst accommodating for the target population of 5 000 residents in the total area of approximately 0.5 km2 as indicated by The Master Plan: Directions for Growth1 for the sector 1 and 2 of the Residential Zone (RZ). (as of 2015 the current population is approximately 500 people in the Residential Zone S1&2) STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT The structure of the document reflects four major planning aspects addressed by the DDP: • Land Use • Movement • Urban Form • Density These 4 elements form the basis of the adopted planning strategy and together form a comprehensive development guide.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

OBJECTIVES

CURRENT SCENARIO A pattern of scattered developments currently present in the Residential Zone results in a number of inconveniences affecting the daily life of the inhabitants and, if continued, limits the options for further development (See Fig 1). The DDP introduces a shift from the status quo reflected on the ground by a series of isolated community compounds and offers a direction leading to formation of a coherent and connected built fabric where boundaries between the particular developments remain virtual. This solution addresses and benefits the aspects of the plan discussed further, amongst them: walkability, connectivity, public realm, security, built fabric diversity and the existence of a generally accessible green space.

PLANNING CONTEXT The original city plan represented by the original Model of The City and the Study of the Town Plan2 serve as a vital tool and a guide informing the following aspects of the development plan for the area: • the definition and the distribution of the housing typologies as well as the heights of the built fabric – this results in the local density indications • the rhythm of the open spaces and the porosity of the built fabric • DDP’s Urban Form traces the language of the built and empty spaces defined by the Galaxy Model, thus aiming to preserve the diversity and intricacy of the original concept,

Detailed Development Plan (DDP) for the Residential Zone Sector 1&2 sets a series of connected strategies for the gradual growth of the population and the built environment in the area. The plan sets the final targets, however, is designed for gradual and incremental development, taking into consideration the current on-site reality.

• original City concept as a source of complexity translated into a varied architectural language of an interconnected fabric of primary structures with porches, covered walkways, arcades, courtyards, bridges, canopy roofs etc.- all those with varied relations to surrounding structures, open urban and green spaces. • the infrastructure layout3

LAND DEVELOPMENT UNITS DDP offers the general strategy but also gives detailed guidelines for the particular areas for development – these are defined by the virtual boundary of a Land Development Unit (LDU) (see Fig 2). The concept of an LDU intends to move away from the commonly understood notion of a plot. In the past, assignment of fixed plots for development proved to strengthen the already present trend leading to the creation of isolated communities rather than

Aurofuture, under Asia Urbs program. 2004. Master Plan: Directions for Growth. Auroville.

Anger R. 1967. Study of the Town Plan. Auroville.

See drawing 00.00_Key plan; 00.09 _Urban and green zoning; 00.10_1968 Master Plan; 00.11_Infrastructure

The current scenario shows a scattered, dispersed developing pattern based in isolated compounds. It is easy to observe that the area of the empty pockets inside sector 1 and 2 is less than the one occupied by the compounds. Keeping this growth rate would allow 1000 people to live in sector 1 and 2, while the projected population as indicated by the Master Plan: Directions for Growth should be 5000 people and , as well, Green Zones, this means, a generally accessible park should constitute 50% of the total area. The sprawl uses up the land, creates segregation of work and living zones, and requires enormous amounts of energy for transport. Free standing buildings, not only require a buffer zone around them, but gain heat through radiation and rely on active systems.

As means of allocating specific parameters for the future development, a notion of a Land Development Unit (LDU) is introduced to aid the new development land allocation process. By eliminating the concept of a fixed site and instead dividing the Residential Zone into a series of LDUs the DDP intends to redefine the concept of ‘plot’. Objective is to move away from a realm that operates with a fence line or a shape of the land, as it was acquired, as a base for defining and dividing Auroville. LDU’s do not follow the current fence line (nor indicate the future fence line) or the shape of the past farm land plots, but rather set the virtual boundaries that help to define the local parameters and identify the portion of emerging town fabric to be developed. Thus, the virtual LDU boundaries serve merely for logistic purposes (like assigning FAR or projected population for the particular area), rather than giving an indication of the physical boundaries or divisions that lead to the isolation and fragmentation of the City.

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One of the distinguish features of Auroville is the strong presence of nature inside the city, setting a framework of Green and Urban Zones will allow for a strategic planning of the development to achieve the populations goal while maintain the character of the city and providing a diverse residential environment.. As set by the Master Plan (Perspective: 2025) and Master Plan 2004 - Directions for Growth the Green Corridors, Green spaces will represent 50% of the total town area, in form of parks, forests, or movement routes, better called Green Corridors, and will provide an interrupted green space network throughout the city.

Green Corridors will specially help develop permeability inside the urban zones, ensuring the presence of nature and continuity and providing good conditions for the local fauna and flora to flourish within the urban fabric, and will provide a buffer transition between Green Zones and Urban Zones. The concept of Green Corridors will be explored further on in the Movement Chapter Within the boundaries of the set Green Corridors network the existing greenery is to be protected and in those areas where there is no existing greenery, favourable conditions for it to flourish are to be created.

A key strategy introduced by the Detailed Development Plan is the establishment of a widely understood Movement network. This movement network refers to, not only the movement of people but, as well to the movement of water and to the continuity of conditions conductive to fauna and flora biodiversity. Such movement system is to be facilitated by a network of Green Corridors running through the sectors in both Green and Urban Zones. The movement strategy aims to safeguard the cycling and walking paths to become a primary network and the motorised transport routes a secondary one. Thus, the strategy involves introducing a shift in the movement patterns currently present in the area; the aim is to gradually give the priority the cycling and walking routes that follow the Green Corridors layout and for the Crown, the future Ring Road, the Radials and the Access Roads to serve mainly as emergency, collective transport and service routes.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

As specified in Urban Design Guidelines (2010) defining two different environments, Urban and Green zone, provide a framework for achieving the critical density required in sectors 1&2 while maintaining a significant green space. The location of each area was defined in the Galaxy Model (1968) by Roger Anger. The relatively higher gross density in the Urban Zone makes possible to preserve the Green Zone as a generally accessible green area and reduce the capital costs for infrastructure. The Green Zones is a predominantly green space with a small number of cluster houses located in this generally accessible park. Green Zone residents will be acting as guardians of this park where the recreation grounds of the Cluster houses will not form closed compounds to avoid parceling out the land that is to be enjoyed by all residents fenced off land directly adjacent to the housing unit can happen to provide privacy and security. The Green Zone will not share a centralised infrastructure system such as waste water, power and surface water management. There is a provision for development in the Green Zones with density specified in the further chapters, but any proposal is to enhance and not to dominate the qualities of this predominantly green area. Urban Zones stretching along the Radials and the Crown are places where a true collective living environment of Auroville is to emerge. Residential units interwoven with the multiple open public spaces, pedestrian routes, social amenities and meeting nodes. The ground floor of the future developments is to be entirely given for the active public use of the residents accommodating for the needed facilities serving the local community (residential units to be permitted at ground floor when accessibility is needed for the elderly or disabled).

The height and F.A.R. guidelines will ensure a density that provides comfortable and climate responsive living conditions as well as setting a framework for an affordable infrastructure network and adequate open space and porosity. Green spaces will penetrate the Urban Zones ensuring the presence of nature in this compact urban fabric, in the same time preserving the continuity of the Green Corridors. Urban Zones will share a fully centralised infrastructure system, including the waste water, power and surface water management. The Green Zone areas will be self-sufficient and will require active management by residents. Vehicular mobility will be limited across the zones, but all inhabited areas will have access for service and emergency vehicles. The prescribed land usage and the resulting development parameters ensure a responsible management of land resources for the future of Auroville simultaneously safeguarding the emergence of varied townscape with needed open and accessible-to-all green space acting as the lungs of the city. Vehicular mobility will be limited across the zones but all inhabited areas will have access for service and emergency vehicles.

The starting point for the layout of the main roads and the street hierarchy is driven by the diagram (Fig. 4) included in the ‘Auroville, Study of the Town Plan – First Approach’ (1970). With the Crown, the Ring Road and the Radials serving as the main service roads. Secondary roads, as indicated in the diagram, are providing the access to the Sectors in the Residential Zone, however, do not provide a through way from one radial to the other. The strategy involves introducing a shift in the movement patterns currently present in the area; the aim is to gradually give more and more importance to the cycling and walking routes that follow the Green Corridors layout, so that the mentioned Crown, the Ring Road, the Radials and the Access Roads are serving mainly as emergency, collective transport and service routes.

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE DOMAIN A new solution needs to be adopted in relation to the the common asset of land which should be generally accessible for all Aurovillians. Accordingly, the plan sanctions small fenced-off gardens connected to isolated housing developments located in low-density green areas but it opposes those private gardens in areas earmarked as urban. Once there is no longer a threat that cows and goats will invade these residential developments, all these fences should come down and let their land integrate into a common territory. The fences of today often, if not always, fall where the public spaces should be. Paradoxically, the in between space instead of becoming a space for integration has become a space for segregation. The next residential projects have to be open projects, where there are people’s amenities, people can circulate.

HOUSING TYPOLOGIES – DENSITY In a bid to provide a diversity of living environments reflecting varied needs and lifestyles of Aurovillians, areas with different housing typologies and density are demarcated. The extents of those areas, as mentioned previously, are informed by the composition of the original master plan for the city.

GREEN AND URBAN ZONE Consequently, there is a distinctive typology of collective living, dense and connected fabric in the Urban Area (housing approximately 75% of the future population of the sectors) and the low density, cluster housing typology in the Green Zone (see Fig 3 and Land Use 1.01)5. The relatively higher gross density (14,300 people/km2) in the Urban Zone makes it possible to preserve generally accessible green area (constitut community amenities: community kitchens, meeting halls, needed services like launderettes, grocery, dispensaries, but also workspaces (offices, workshops) etc. Those living in the Green Zone will enjoy more privacy and an immediate access to nature, but at the same time will have the responsibility of acting as guardians of the generally accessible

LINES OF FORCE In addition, following the original master plan from 1967 and L’Avenir’s Mandate (2007), a provision is made for two Lines of Force (LoF) in the Sector 26. These high-density collective living areas will house a substantial number of the population assigned to the Sectors 1&2 (1 500 out of 5 000 future residents). The presence of LoF’s will allow exercising the spirit of collective urban living as envisaged in the early days of Auroville, at the same time, allowing the remaining part of the Residential Zone S1&2 to stay in relatively low density. A detailed study of the fabric, the architectural solutions and nature of correlations of this high-density areas with the lower density ones will need exploring by those willing to develop the LoF LDU’s.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

LDU boundaries are virtual, flexible and not to be read as an indication of land control extends nor should be reflected on the ground by permanent fences. Those boundaries are only demarcated for logistical purposes and indicate an area to be addressed by the new development design, taking into consideration the integration of the movement network, public spaces and the infrastructure. Such unit has a number of assigned parameters regarding heights, number of residents, access, and also the features like cycle&walking paths, water drains, water bodies etc. An LDU document also clearly identifies how such unit should relate to the immediate surrounding allowing to form an integral part of the neighborhood.4

park. The Urban Zone lifestyle, , on the other hand, will provide convenience of the immediate access to the town amenities, the connection to the urban infrastructure (like the centralized waste water system) and will offer much closer community lifestyle with a dense and interconnected mixed-use building fabric.

DIVERSITY OF LIVING ENVIRONMENTS Such range of densities will contribute to the diversity and richness of the future public realm - Aurovillians will be able to enjoy the range of urban plazas and gathering nodes interwoven into the towns mixed use fabric – at the same time having an alternative of spending time in the nearby Green Zone with social nodes submerged into the nature, and recreations grounds in an area where nature is left to thrive. Considering the limits of density as an urban form indicator an additional series of parameters describing the built environment/ housing typologies particular to the Urban and Green Zone (as well as further local specification) are provided for each LDU. This variety will allow Aurovillians to exercise a choice of their living environment.

CURRENT MOVEMENT PATTERN Currently, the motorised transport is inseparable part of the daily routine of most residents of the Residential Zone even when it comes to movement within the immediate neighbourhood. The currently observed negative trend can be attributed to the lack of convenient direct walking/cycling routes, and no provision of shade, but also the isolation of the available routes resulting in safety concerns. Moreover, the non-existence of collective amenities, the mixed use development, public spaces or any social nodes affects the current scenario where residents tend to move far from their living area for virtually most of their daily needs including the social interactions. Notably, it is important to remark that a walk between furthest points in each sector does not exceed 10 min, this is, of course, provided a direct route was available. Consequently, the sizing of the sectors set by the original Master Plan sets a potentially perfect

structures/entities constituting an integral part of the emerging town.

See drawing no. 00.02 and an example of LDU file 01.01.

Set out of Green and Urban Zones in the context of the existing settlements: In the Sector 1 the Urban Zone is stretching along the Vikas Radial and along the currently unbuilt part of the Radial Road (pending the land ownership status) starting from the Crown, including most of the land managed by Arati, Sanjana, Madhuka, Sukhavati; the Green Zone covers the remaining part of the sectors including small portions of areas of the previously mentioned communities and Invocation, Surrender, Grace and Gaia. In the Sector 2 the Urban Zone stretches along the currently unbuilt Radial (approximately from the Solar Kitchen to Prathana) and radiates towards the Vikas Radial including the land managed by Kailash, Sailam II, Creativity (partly), Luminosity, Swayam (partly), Progress and Prathna. Remaining Land of the Sector is to be preserved as Green Zone including the areas of Vikas, Prayatha, Meitreye I-II and Serenity.

Line of force 10 stretching between the approximate area of the Solar kitchen and Prathna, and the Line of Force 11 originating at currently build Progress and stretching to the south-east edge of the sector 2.)

framework for a walkable neighbourhood.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

WALKABILITY: NON MOTORISED TRANSPORT Thus, the walk-ability and the provision of convenient nonmotorised transport routes in the sectors are the key factors shaping the DDP’s strategies for the set-out and massing of the future urban form and as well as the method of integration of the existing developments into strategies envisaged for the future development, Zone. The intention is to create a model for nonmotorised transport neighbourhood that can be adopted in other parts of Auroville (see Fig 5). Consequently, the framework for the urban form arrangement is based on the network of Covered Walkways that provide uninterrupted, shaded movement routes in the same time forming a binding element of the town’s fabric. The introduction of this important layer of connectivity, currently missing in the Residential Zone, will directly impact on the daily pattern movement of the residents, enhancing the functionality of the social realm, creating more opportunities for interactions, thus strengthening the integrity of the local community. Both the walking and cycling paths are to be largely independent of the motorised transport routes. Instead, the new movement network is to be interwoven into the built fabric of the Residential Zone and connected to a series of public spaces and social nodes. This approach will contribute to the emergence of an active movement and social life routes within the sectors (currently such social node role fulfilled by the Solar Kitchen is located on the peripheries of the residential area). “Eyes on the street” and an active use throughout the day resulting from this strategy, will add to the security of both residents living in the proximity to those routes and the users of the network. Whilst this comprehensive walking/cycling network is to directly inform the framework for the future built environment in the sectors, the motorised transport routes are to be treated as a lower priority impact element. Also, the Detailed Development Plan gives no provision for through-out motorised connections between the Radial Roads or the Crown and a Radial Road.

ACCESS Based on the diagram included in the Study of the Town Plan (Roger Anger, 1967)7 the residential Zone Sectors’ access is facilitated by a series of Access Roads originating at the Radial Roads and penetrating the sectors – those, however, will never offer through-out routes crossing the sectors (See Fig 6). Furthermore, these Access Roads also are not to serve as daily motorised transport routes, but are rather to provide an emergency access and, on the daily basis, have very limited traffic. Here, it is important to note that a walk from a Radial Road to any point within the sectors will not exceed 4 min.

MOVEMENT STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION The functionality of the current mobility in the sectors needs to gradually transform towards the described scenario and to be implemented in a continuous manner, subject to the land ownership status changes as well as the arising needs resulting from the growth of the population. A gradual, incremental, yet, consistent realisation of such complex network will shortly lead to tangible results – it will safeguard the transformation of the motorised transport oriented movement pattern currently present in the Residential Zone to one that is based on walkability.

CURRENT SETTLEMENT PATTERN Whilst the settlement pattern that had emerged at the early days of Auroville: establishment of separate “communities” had served its role by ensuring the presence of Aurovillians in distant parts of acquired land, such model gradually led to an evolution of the typology of isolated compounds - even if those are located in proximity to one another. This solution seemingly adds to the security of the residents, however, it is, in fact, makes the area more prone to unwanted incidents by the lack of interconnectivity of the town fabric, “eyes on the street” and the general absence of the strong sense of community exceeding the fence or the compound boundary.

IMMEDIATE ACTION Thus, an immediate shift in the planning approach is needed - with each new development contributing to the formation of sector scale neighbourhood rather than, however well designed but still isolated, “communities”. Considering the current population number (also taking into consideration the decision taken regarding densification of this particular part of the Residential Zone (S1&2)) the critical mass of residents has been reached where such settlement pattern alteration will start bringing immediate, tangible benefits. This means that any decision regarding new structures or infrastructure placement will not build up on the existing trends which lead to fragmentation, but rather contribute to the future functionality scenario. In other words, it is the decisions regarding the new developments which require immediate action and coherence with the DDP’s strategies, whilst any adaptations to the already existing settlements are a matter of secondary priority and subject to careful phasing and involvement of the local community. The division into the Land Development Units, with varied size, typology of housing, indicated use, a number of residents and other specific parameters give a clear indication as to where and how the new development should happen from now onwards. Some of these LDUs are frozen for development due to the current land ownership status, however, the moment the land is acquired, a unit with already assigned parameters, will become ready for development staying in tune with the surrounding area.

Anger R. 1967. Study of the Town Plan. Auroville.

Refer to the 00.10 drawing for demarcation of these areas.

PHASING

Possible short term scenario adaptations could involve joining of the fenced areas of neighbouring communities, and introducing passageways through currently closed compounds (these could be closed off at night if needed for the security reasons) or minor changes to the extents of currently managed areas to allow further neighbouring development.8 Moreover, any decisions regarding potential future physical adaptations (be it pathways or connection creating links between the neighbouring structures) need to be carefully planned and analysed. Those decisions should benefit residents affected, the community as a whole and the functionality of the future townscape. A balance needs to be found.

In the majority of cases, however, there is no immediate need for changes within existing boundaries of the managed communities. The notable future adaptations arising from the DDP density layout (like densification of a currently developed LDUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s) will be needed only upon reaching population thresholds and, taking into consideration the current growth rate, it is a far distant scenario, most likely converging with the lifespan of currently built structures. At the same time, if a community is located in an area designated for predominantly green use (inside the green zone) any densification is a move in a wrong direction.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

General strategy regarding the phasing and the application of the particular elements of the plan is currently in progress as part of DDP Annex. However, in case of the potential future adaptations of the current functionality of particular communities a further involvement of an architect representing the community and a thorough understanding of sector-scale strategy will be required.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

LAND USE

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Primary objective of the Land Use allocation is directed at conservation and protection of Aurovilleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s resources of land and water. Future development is to create an environment where the land is effectively used to the benefit of all residents whilst taking into consideration the water management needs and preservation of accessible green space.

URBAN AND GREEN ZONE Furthermore, a clear methodology defines the character of the future built environment in specific parts of the Sectors 1& 2. Using the concept of Roger Angerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 1968 Master Plan as a basic framework, areas with different density, housing typologies and proportion of open space are identified. Accordingly, the Green Zones are located in the north-east parts of each sector and constitute up to 50% of the total area. The majority of the Green Zones are to remain uninhabited and allow for the free movement through the sectors. Yet, there is a provision for the development in the Green Zones with density specified in the further chapters, however any design proposal is to enhance and not dominate the qualities of this shared green area. To define further, Green Zone is a predominantly green space with a small number of cluster houses located in this generally accessible park. Green Zone residents will be acting as guardians of this park where the recreation grounds, Green Corridors, cyclepaths are shaping the character of the living environment. Cluster houses will not form closed compounds to avoid parceling out the land that is to be enjoyed by all residents - only a small amount of fenced off land directly adjacent to the housing unit will be permitted to provide privacy and security. Urban Zones, stretching along the Radials and the Crown, there is a place where a true collective living environment of Auroville is to emerge. This socially vibrant and actively used urbanscape will have the residential units interwoven with the multiple open public spaces, pedestrian routes, social amenities and meeting nodes. This will be an area where the day to day life of most residents will take place. The ground plane in the Urban Zone will become a public domain both indoors and outdoors. Accordingly, the ground floor of the future developments is to be entirely given for the active public use of the residents accommodating for the needed facilities serving the local community (residential units to be permitted at ground floor when accessibility is needed for the elderly or disabled) The height and F.A.R. guidelines will ensure a density that provides comfortable and climate responsive living conditions as well as setting a framework for an affordable infrastructure network and adequate open space and porosity. Moreover, the green spaces will penetrate the Urban Zones ensuring the presence of nature in this compact urban fabric, in the same time preserving the continuity of the Green Corridors (for more details on the Green Corridors refer to the Movement chapter). Moreover, the

Urban Zones will share a fully centralised infrastructure system, including the waste water, power and surface water management. The Green Zone areas will be self-sufficient and will require active management by residents. Vehicular mobility will be limited across the zones, but all inhabited areas will have access for service and emergency vehicles. The prescribed land usage and the resulting development parameters ensure a responsible management of land resources for the future of Auroville simultaneously safeguarding the emergence of varied townscape with needed open and accessible-to-all green space acting as the lungs of the city.

The Land Use chapter is setting the foundation parameters that inform the remaining sections of the DDP. The following ground condition elements are taken into consideration: the existing built environment: structures, roads, paths, the current land ownership and the local geophysical features. Consequently, the existing developments, the South-East sloping topography, the existing green canopy, along with the soil properties and the resulting water percolation rates set basis for the development parameters prescribed for the Sectors 1 & 2.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

LAND USE STRATEGY

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 22

01.001 EXISTING GEOPHYSICAL FEATURES The existing geophysical features taken into consideration in the Land Use Plan include the land elevation, the existing green canopy, the existing dense woodland and canyons as indicated in the Land Use Proposal (2013).

As indicated by the Land Use Proposal (2014), the environmentally sensitive areas: patches of woodland as well as a series of the water bodies are carefully considered and integrated into the further land use planning.

Urban Zones stretching along the Radials and the Crown are places where a true collective living environment of Auroville is to emerge. Residential units interwoven with the multiple open public spaces, pedestrian routes, social amenities and meeting nodes. The ground floor of the future developments is to be entirely given for the active public use of the residents accommodating for the needed facilities serving the local community (residential units to be permitted at ground floor when accessibility is needed for the elderly or disabled).

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

The Green Zone will not share a centralised infrastructure system such as waste water, power and surface water management. There is a provision for development in the Green Zones with density specified in the further chapters, but any proposal is to enhance and not to dominate the qualities of this predominantly green area.

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 24

01.002 EXISTING BUILT STRUCTURES The current scenario shows a scattered, dispersed developing pattern based in isolated compounds. It is easy to observe that the area of the empty pockets inside sector 1 and 2 is less than the one occupied by the compounds. Keeping this growth rate would allow 1000 people to live in sector 1 and 2, while the projected population as indicated by the Master Plan: Directions for Growth should be 5000 people and , as well, Green Zones, this means, a generally accessible park should constitute 50% of the total area. The sprawl uses up the land, creates segregation of work and living zones, and requires enormous amounts of energy for transport. Free standing buildings, not only require a buffer zone around them, but gain heat through radiation and rely on active systems.

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

The heigh that prov condition infrastruc porosity. ensuring fabric, in Green Co

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 26

01.01 URBAN AND GREEN ZONE

As specified in Urban Design Guidelines (2010) defining two different environments, Urban and Green zone, provide a framework for achieving the critical density required in sectors 1&2 while maintaining a significant green space. The location of each area was defined in the Galaxy Model (1968) by Roger Anger. The relatively higher gross density in the Urban Zone makes possible to preserve the Green Zone as a generally accessible green area and reduce the capital costs for infrastructure. The Green Zones is a predominantly green space with a small number of cluster houses located in this generally accessible park. Green Zone residents will be acting as guardians of this park where the recreation grounds of the Cluster houses will not form closed compounds to avoid parceling out the land that is to be enjoyed by all residents - fenced off land directly adjacent to the housing unit can happen to provide privacy and security. The Green Zone will not share a centralised infrastructure system such as waste water, power and surface water management. There is a provision for development in the Green Zones with density specified in the further chapters, but any proposal is to enhance and not to dominate the qualities of this predominantly green area. Urban Zones stretching along the Radials and the Crown are places where a true collective living environment of Auroville is to emerge. Residential units interwoven with the multiple open public spaces, pedestrian routes, social amenities and meeting nodes. The ground floor of the future developments is to be entirely given for the active public use of the residents accommodating for the needed facilities serving the local community (residential units to

be permitted at ground floor when accessibility is needed for the elderly or disabled). The height and F.A.R. guidelines will ensure a density that provides comfortable and climate responsive living conditions as well as setting a framework for an affordable infrastructure network and adequate open space and porosity. Green spaces will penetrate the Urban Zones ensuring the presence of nature in this compact urban fabric, in the same time preserving the continuity of the Green Corridors. Urban Zones will share a fully centralised infrastructure system, including the waste water, power and surface water management. The Green Zone areas will be self-sufficient and will require active management by residents. Vehicular mobility will be limited across the zones, but all inhabited areas will have access for service and emergency vehicles.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

01.02 AFFORESTATION

One of the distinguish features of Auroville is the strong presence of nature inside the city, setting a framework of Green and Urban Zones will allow for a strategic planning of the development to achieve the populations goal while maintain the character of the city and providing a diverse residential environment.. As set by the Master Plan (Perspective: 2025) and Master Plan 2004 Directions for Growth the Green Corridors, Green spaces will represent 50% of the total town area, in form of parks, forests, or movement routes, better called Green Corridors, and will provide an interrupted green space network throughout the city.

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 30

01.03 WATER PERCULATION

The purpose of developing a water management system is to reduce the runoff and discharge of rainwater out of Auroville and avoid the monsoon floods. To do so, two systems will be combined whereby the existing local depressions and canyons are to connect and form a superficial retention water network, while, in areas with high percolation levels, water will infiltrate into the soil and reach and refill the underground aquifers. Accordingly, in areas with low percolation water levels, the permeability of the soil must be improved and, if it is not feasible, as in the case of urban areas, other solutions will be taken.

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

MOVEMENT

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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MOVEMENT RATHER THEN “MOBILITY”

near future possibility rather than distant perspective scenario.

The commonly understood mobility does not constitute a driving factor for the urban design outlined by the DDP, thus, within the document a term movement is used rather than mobility. Consequently, the specified parameters are to ensure that a lifestyle oriented towards walking and cycling is promoted and facilitated by every development to come in the Residential Zone.

THE NETWORK ELEMENTS: COVERED WALKWAYS, GREEN CORRIDORS, WALKING AND CYCLING PATHS

Movement strategy is to safeguard the cycling and walking paths are to become a primary network and the motorised transport routes a secondary one. Thus, the strategy involves introducing a shift in the movement patterns currently present in the area; the aim is to gradually give the priority the cycling and walking routes that follow the Green Corridors layout and for the Crown, the future Ring Road, the Radials and the Access Roads to serve mainly as emergency, collective transport and service routes.

The non-motorised movement network comprises of several elements: in the Urban Zone a system of Covered Walkways which are integrated into the built fabric will provide connectivity and access with protection from direct sunlight and rain. Those Covered Walkways will connect to the walking path network in the Green Zone offering direct most convenient connections within the sectors. Cycle-paths will infiltrate both Urban and Green Zone offering most efficient movement routes using the Green Corridors as a backbone. Together those elements form a comprehensive movement ream which will transform daily routine of Residential Zone residents.

CONNECTIVITY The main objective of this new network design is its functionality and the provision of the connectivity without interruptions. Hence, the main problems to be tackled involve overcoming the obstructions caused by the numerous gates and fences presently often forcing the RZ inhabitants to use the Radials and the Crown as the main arteries for moving around the immediate area. According to the new strategy residents will infiltrate into the currently not actively used, dead areas in the Sectors 1&2; this, in turn, will address the problem of the security as well as the noise pollution resulting from the currently centralised mobility arteries. Current fragmentation of the walking and cycling routes by the physical community boundaries stands as a major obstacle in achieving functionality of such network. According the the RZ Existing Conditions Report (2013) the existing cycle-path network does not provide through connections in the sectors - there are numerous missing and broken links. In order to impact and shift the daily movement pattern of Aurovillians to not-motorized transport the Movement network must be maximally functional and convenient. Hence, the local decisions on the placement of fences and gates should not compromise the overall network functionality. Thus, it is important to limit the temporary solutions in order to initiate the change as soon as possible. The issue of the security needs to start being addressed and combated by a provision of a lively urban-scape rather a series of physical boundaries. Consequently, there is a need for communities to reconsider and economize the need for fencing, in order to see an actively used urban landscape, dominated by the non-motorized residents, as a

MOTORISED TRANSPORT AND ACCESS Although the motorised transport will not be prioritised and there will be no through traffic in the sectors the emergency access for all the residential developments will be provided. The limited motorised transport service roads will be narrowed down to Crown, Radials and the Access Roads. The layout of the those is driven by the concept introduced in the ‘Auroville, Study of the Town Plan – First Approach’ (1970). Accordingly, the Access Roads will provide access in the Urban Zones directly from the Radials, however, will not infiltrate the sectors and provide connections between the Radials or Crown and Ring Road. Access in the Green Zone will be ensured by appropriate parameters of width and surface for the selected cycle-paths.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

MOVEMENT STRATEGY

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

2.00 EXISTING MOVEMENT

The main problems of the existing movement that need to be tackled involve overcoming the obstructions caused by the numerous gates and fences presently often forcing the RZ inhabitants to use the Radials and the Crown as the main arteries for moving around the immediate area. According to the new strategy residents will infiltrate into the currently not actively used, dead areas in the Sectors 1&2; this, in turn, will address the problem of the security as well as the noise pollution resulting from the currently centralised mobility arteries.

Current fragmentation of the walking and cycling routes by the physical community boundaries stands as a major obstacle in achieving functionality of such network. According the the RZ Existing Conditions Report (2013) the existing cycle-path network does not provide through connections in the sectors - there are numerous missing and broken links.

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 38

02.01 SURFACE WATER

The Land Use plan and the surface water management strategy plan is addressing the concept of the Matrimandir Lake (as sketched out in the Study of the Town Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; First Approach by Roger Anger, 1970 and the Masterplan (Perspective: 2025), (2001). The Surface Water Sourcing Study (SWSS), (2013) serves as the further reference for the water collection strategy in the Sector 1 and 2 of the Residential Zone. The mentioned study explores the possibility of the surface water collection within the 3 water catchment areas each feeding part of the future Matrimandir Lake. Layout of the drains enables the water to flow with the gravity towards the three stepped lake. The positioning of the drains/ swales, follows the topographical contour lines indicated in the SWSS, and is further detailed in the DDP taking into consideration the existing ground conditions. The drains can be combined with the walking or cycle path routes, Green Corridors and also incorporated into the future and existing developments.

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 40

02.02 WASTE WATER

The Waste Water Management is to be introduced in phases within the Residential Zone over the next 10 years. Set out of the system is determined by the main roads layout, the topographical contours, as well as the land ownership situation at the time of construction. For details refer to the Waste water management for Residential Zone (2014).

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 42

02.03 GREEN CORRIDORS

The network of the Green Corridors is to become an area which provides conditions favorable for biodiversity to flourish and it is to be interwoven in the built fabric of the Residential Zone. It will also act as a backbone for movement in terms of non-motorized movement, with the introduction of an efficient cyclepath network and walking paths within the corridor. As for the goals set by the Master Plan (Perspective: 2025) and Master Plan 2004 - Directions for Growth the Green Corridors are to ensure the presence of the green space within the city area (the planned 50% of green area in townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proportion). The greenery penetrating the town built fabric presents an opportunity to provide a base for the new movement network. Hence, the Green Corridor network was expanded and refined, building up on the layout indicated by the diagrams of the Master Plan 2004 - Directions for Growth and City Center Study (2007) (Fig.6). This was done in order to provide the most convenient, complete and comprehensive shaded routes for people moving through the sectors. Moreover, the network was further adopted to include in its layout the environmentally sensitive areas and, wherever possible, respond to the surface water collection swells proposed in Auroville City Area Surface, Water Sourcing Study (2013).

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 44

2.04 HUMAN

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

2.05 MOTORIZED MOVEMENT

01 The Access Roads. Roger Anger, ‘Auroville, Study of the Town Plan – First Approach’, (Auroville Foundation, 1968

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 48

2.06 ACCESS

Access Roads serve mainly as emergency, collective transport and service routes. The provision of access is also combined with identifying minimum access requirements for emergency vehicles in order to ensure the safety for residents living in the residential sectors.

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

URBAN FORM

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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The very basic principles for the arrangement of the built form originate from the Auroville City Plan of 1967 by Roger Anger, at that time the chief architect of Auroville. This conceptual model of the City is analysed and translated into realistic built form porosity (built space versus open space), the mosaic of varied housing typologies, and also the set out of a range of public open spaces. Taking this original City Model as a base for the Residential Zone planning also allows for continuous reference to the larger city-scale context - this bears a particular importance when the aim of preserving 50 % generally accessible green space in the City area of Auroville is taken into consideration.

CURRENT SCENARIO The existing built form is incorporated into the projected Urban Form allowing for the gradual configuration of a cohesive and interrelated urban fabric. The DDP introduces a shift from the status quo reflected on the ground by a series of isolated community compounds and offers a direction leading to formation of a coherent, harmonious and connected built fabric where boundaries between the particular developments remain virtual. This solution addresses and benefits the aspects of walkability, security, the emergence of actively used public realm but also impacts the efficiency of the use of land, energy and resources conservation. An introduction of more compact model of development will not only address the needed densification goals of but also constitute much better response to the climatic conditions of Auroville - a close-knit urban fabric reduces the heat gain by the exposure of surfaces solar radiation.

COVERED WALKWAYS The arrangement of the built form is primary informed by the set out of the open public spaces as well as the connectivity network - a system of Covered Walkways. Those walkways - as described in the Movement chapter, provide an uninterrupted, pedestrian, shaded movement routes establishing convenient, direct connections within the sectors. These approximately 2m wide walkways are to be integrated into the newly proposed structures and will act as a binding element of the townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s built environment aiding the urgent need of an interconnected walkable urban form - as opposed to currently present on ground typology of isolated blocks. The existing communities will have an option of connecting to this system and contributing to the creation of such new actively used public realm which will benefit all by the presence of space for social interaction, improved walkability of the neighborhood and reduced traffic as a side effect. In addition, counteracting the present trend of isolated development pockets will not only reduce the current security issues but also address the inefficiency in the use of resources for infrastructure.

HOUSING TYPOLOGIES The projected Urban Form will allow for 3 varied housing typologies, offering residents a choice of different living environment options within the Residential Zone. The extents of those areas with varied typologies are informed by the composition of the original master plan for the city. Consequently, there is a distinctive typology of collective

living, dense and connected fabric in the Urban Zone (housing approximately 75% of the future population of the sectors 1 & 2) and the low density, cluster-units-in-the-park typology in the Green Zone (for more information refer to the Land Use section). There are also areas of concentrated high rise urban fabric constituted by the Lines of Force. The collective living typology of housing offers a rich build environment of an interconnected urban fabric structures with porches, covered walkways, arcades, courtyards, bridges, canopy roofs interwoven with a network of public and semi public open spaces offering the gradation of privacy. On the other hand the typology of cluster housing will offer more solitary living conditions and immediate access to the community parks.

COMMUNITY FACILITIES Within the Urban Zone the ground floor of the built fabric is to be entirely constituted by the community facilities and amenities. Depending on the location such space might serve larger neighbourhood needs, like a library or community hall or house a facility for the immediate surrounding residents, like a laundry. This guideline constitutes another aspect of the strategy which aims to minimise the need for use of motorised transport and add to the convenience of daily life of the residences. Allocation of space for those, currently, lacking amenities will have a direct impact of the average needed motorised transport trips a day for every resident. The choice of amenities and their specific location is to be decided on arising needs - the DDP offers a projection of those needs for the target population of 5000 (projected for the S1&2) based on the Master Plan Directions for Growth.

The projected built fabric of the Residential Zone will create a framework for a variety of housing typologies offering an actively used urban environment where accessibility, walkability and presence of open green space enhances the quality of life of its residents. Furthermore, the Urban Form guidelines and objectives are set to safeguard the development which preserves the Auroville resources of land, water and energy. This will introduce a shift form current trends that pose a threat to such responsible use those resources.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

URBAN FORM STRATEGY

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 54

3.00 EXISTING URBAN FORM

The population of S1&2 (currently below 500 people) is scattered throughout the sectors in isolated development pockets. This situation leads to a highly inefficient use of land resources and if such trend were to persist, residents will be deprived of public space and public facilities far before the population targets are achieved - this in turn will have an irreversible negative effect on the future quality of life of all the residents. Hence, a clear strategy is drawn to achieve a coherent, connected and accessible urban fabric.

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

3.01 CITY MODEL IMPRINT

The very basic principles for the arrangement of the built form has originated from the Auroville City Plan of 1967 by Roger Anger, at that time the chief architect of Auroville. Anger’s proposal determines the rhythm, sequence of open spaces, courtyards etc. It is a cohesive urban fabric, with a diversity of local characteristics, a sequence of public spaces and with qualities ensuring a lively and actively used city realm. Further important analysis is the assessment of the proportions of the solid and “negative space” of the Galaxy Imprint. Such study leads to the establishment of differentiated housing typologies, and the set out of the Green and Urban Zones.

Also, the identified openings in Anger’s proposal demarcate the areas facilitating the connection between the inner City area and the Residential Zone; this will ensure the permeability of the urban fabric of the Crown and indicates the location of interconnected key public spaces.

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 58

3.02 POROSITY ANALYSIS

Anger’s conceptual model of the City is analysed and translated into realistic built form porosity (built space versus open space), the mosaic of varied housing typologies, and also the set out of a range of public open spaces. Taking this original City Model as a base for the Residential Zone planning also allows for continuos reference to the larger city-scale context - this bears a particular importance when the aim of preserving 50 % generally accessible green space in the City area of Auroville is taken into consideration.

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Angerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s c translated versus o typologie spaces. the Resid reference particula generally Auroville

The existing built form is incorporated into the projected Urban Form allowing for the gradual configuration of a cohesive and interrelated urban fabric. The DDP introduces a shift from the status quo reflected on the ground by a series of isolated community compounds and offers a direction leading to formation of a coherent, harmonious and connected built fabric where boundaries between the particular developments remain virtual. This solution addresses and benefits the aspects of walkability, security, the emergence of actively used public realm but also impacts the efficiency of the use of land, energy and resources conservation. An introduction of more compact model of development will not only address the needed densification goals of but also constitute much better response to the climatic conditions of Auroville - a close-knit urban fabric reduces the heat gain by the exposure of surfaces solar radiation.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

3.03 PROJECTED URBAN FORM AND EXISTING SCENARIO

The exiting structures in RZ S1&2, model.

02 The exiting structures and the indicatory Urban Form following the massing and heights based on the Galaxy model. in RZ S1&2, model.

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 62

3.04 PUBLIC SPACE

The arrangement of the built form is primary informed by the set out of the open public spaces as well as the connectivity network - a system of Covered Walkways. Those walkways - as described in the Movement chapter, provide an uninterrupted, pedestrian, shaded movement routes establishing convenient, direct connections within the sectors. These approximately 2m wide walkways are to be integrated into the newly proposed structures and will act as a binding element of the town’s built environment aiding the urgent need of an interconnected walkable urban form - as opposed to currently present on ground typology of isolated blocks. The existing communities will have an option of connecting to this system and contributing to the creation of such new actively used public realm which will benefit all by the presence of space for social interaction, improved walkability of the neighborhood and reduced traffic as a side effect. In addition, counteracting the present trend of isolated development pockets will not only reduce the current security issues but also address the inefficiency in the use of resources for infrastructure.

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

The heigh that prov condition infrastruc porosity. ensuring fabric, in Green Co

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 64

3.06 BUILT TYPOLOGIES 01

The projected Urban Form will allow for 3 varied housing typologies, offering residents a choice of different living environment options within the Residential Zone. The extents of those areas with varied typologies are informed by the composition of the original master plan for the city. Consequently, there is a distinctive typology of collective living, dense and connected fabric in the Urban Zone (housing approximately 75% of the future population of the sectors 1 & 2) and the low density, cluster-units-in-the-park typology in the Green Zone (for more information refer to the Land Use section). There are also areas of concentrated high-rise urban fabric constituted by the Lines of Force. The collective living typology of housing offers a rich build environment of an interconnected urban fabric structures with porches, covered walkways, arcades, courtyards, bridges, canopy roofs interwoven with a network of public and semi public open spaces offering the gradation of privacy. On the other hand the typology of cluster housing will offer more solitary living conditions and immediate access to the community parks.

Primary element, Urban zone

Secondary element, Urban zone

Cluster housing, Green zone

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 66

3.07 AMENITIES

Within the Urban Zone the ground floor of the built fabric is to be entirely constituted by the community facilities and amenities. Depending on the location such space might serve larger neighbourhood needs, like a library or community hall or house a facility for the immediate surrounding residents, like a laundry. This guideline constitutes another aspect of the strategy, which aims to minimise theÂ need for use of motorisedÂ transport and add to the convenience of daily life of the residences. Allocation of spaceÂ for those, currently, lacking amenities will have a direct impact of the average needed motorised transport trips a day for every resident. The choice of amenities and their specific location is to be decided on arising needs - the DDP offers a projection of those needs for the target population of 5000 (projected for the S1&2) based on the Master Plan Directions for Growth.

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

DENSITY

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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*30 sqm usable floor area and 40sqm built up space as for Master Plan: Directions for Growth (2004)

CURRENT SCENARIO The population of S1&2 (currently below 500 people) is scattered throughout the sectors with hardly no differentiation of density. This situation combined with a very low average density and isolation of development pockets leads to a highly inefficient use of land resources and if such trend were to persist, residents will be deprived of commonly used public space far before the population targets are achieved - this in turn will have an irreversible negative effect on the future quality of life of all the residents. Hence, a clear strategy is drawn to demarcate areas of specific densities those follow the Land Use specification of Green and Urban Zoning. The existing developments will not be affected by this density allocation - only the decisions regarding densification of the existing developments will be taken on bases of this new set of population allocation parameters.

HEIGHTS The heights of the projected Urban Form are following Roger Anger’s original concept for the Residential Zone where the massing of the buildings concertedly rises from the center of the city towards its outer edges. At the same time the spines of the highest structures will run along the Radials and decrease towards the inner part of the sectors. Accordingly in the Urban Areas the building heights will range from 1 to 4 stories and in the Green Zone they will be limited to ground and first floor. Additionally, upon the arising needs of the growing population, Lines of Force - the areas of concentrated housing density located in the sector 2, are envisaged to reach high rise level up to 8 stories.

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION The distribution of population in sectors 1 & 2 is a direct result of the assignment of heights and demarcation of the Green and Urban areas of varied housing typologies. As a result, about 75% of the future population will be residing in the Urban Area of collective living housing typology which is concentrated along the Radials and the Crown, the remaining 25 % of the future population will inhabit the Green Zone where low-density cluster housing will be allocated in the generally accessible park. The basic methodology adopted for the local population allocation involves equation of height, housing typology and porosity parameters ascribed to each portion of land.

VIRTUAL LDU BOUNDARIES As means of allocating specific parameters for the future development, a notion of a Land Development Unit (LDU) is

introduced to aid the new development land allocation process. By eliminating the concept of a fixed site and instead dividing the Residential Zone into a series of LDUs the DDP intends to redefine the concept of ‘plot’. Objective is to move away from a realm that operates with a fence line or a shape of the land, as it was acquired, as a base for defining and dividing Auroville. LDU’s do not follow the current fence line (nor indicate the future fence line) or the shape of the past farm land plots, but rather set the virtual boundaries that help to define the local parameters and identify the portion of emerging town fabric to be developed. Thus, the virtual LDU boundaries serve merely for logistic purposes (like assigning FAR or projected population for the particular area), rather than giving an indication of the physical boundaries or divisions that lead to the isolation and fragmentation of the City.

The distribution of the projected population is a the key factor shaping the future of the Residential Zone towards a varied townscape providing a habitat for residents with different needs, at the same time preserving land for generally accessible open public spaces in the form of parks, recreation grounds, gardens and public squares. The Density calculations assume the provisional assignment of 32 sqm* per person as for the Master Plan: Directions for Growth (2004). Such model of habitat is specific to Auroville - personal living space is kept in its limits in favor of shared facilities like community kitchen, shared laundries and meeting halls which reflects the spirit of collective living envisaged for Auroville.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

DENSITY STRATEGY

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 72

04.00 EXISTING DENSITY

The population of S1&2 (currently below 500 people) is scattered throughout the sectors with hardly no differentiation of density. This situation combined with a very low average density and isolation of development pockets leads to a highly inefficient use of land resources and if such trend were to persist, residents will be deprived of public space and public facilities far before the population targets are achieved - this in turn will have an irreversible negative effect on the future quality of life of all the residents. Hence, a clear strategy is drawn to demarcate areas of specific densities. The existing developments will not be affected by this density allocation - only the decisions regarding densification of the existing developments will be taken on bases of this new set of population allocation parameters.

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

4.01 HEIGHTS

The heights of the projected Urban Form are following Roger Anger’s original concept for the Residential Zone where the massing of the buildings concertedly rises from the center of the city towards its outer edges. At the same time the spines of the highest structures will run along the Radials and decrease towards the inner part of the sectors. Accordingly, in the Urban Areas the building heights will range from 1 to 4 stories and in the Green Zone they will be limited to ground and first floor. Additionally, upon the arising needs of the growing population, Lines of Force - the areas of concentrated housing density located in the sector 2, are envisaged to reach high rise level up to 8 stories.

01 Original model of the final concept of the city, Auroville, 1968, p.110. ‘Roger Anger, Research on Beauty, 1953-2008’ Anupama Kundoo, 2009 02

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2 76

04.02 LAND DEVELOPMENT UNITS

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The detailed projected population targets assigned to each Land Development Unit are based on a straightforward calculation combining the Galaxy Imprint, the Galaxy Model heights, the expected 50 000 residences target (5 000 for the S1&2) and the guideline of 32m2 per person as for the Master Plan: Directions for Growth (2004). Consequently, the scope is to create a base for the parameters that will ensure a development of a cohesive urban fabric with a range of the population densities throughout the city, a diversity of heights and a variety in the local built environment characteristics.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

04.03 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

01 Aurovilleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population including the green belt population distribution as for the Master Plan (Perspective: 2025) (2001)

02 City center population distribution As for the Master Plan: Directions for Growth (2004)

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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The distribution of population in sectors 1 & 2 is a direct result of the assignment of heights and demarcation of the Green and Urban areas of varied housing typologies. As a result, about 75% of the future population will be residing in the Urban Area of collective living housing typology which is concentrated along the Radials and the Crown, the remaining 25 % of the future population will inhabit the Green Zone where low-density cluster housing will be allocated in the generally accessible park. TheÂ basic methodology adopted for the local population allocation involves equation of height, housing typology and porosity parameters ascribed to each portion of land.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

04.04 RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

Future densities in the residential zone sectors 1 and 2

Future densities in the residential zone sectors 1 to 5

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

LDU set out highlighted in red in 00 Key Plan LDU (see p8)

Key LDU plan with zooms 1-13 (p24)

· the planning office structure (TDC); · established procedures for the new build initiatives allocation and approval (Site Application, Building Approval, Non Objection Certificate); · the underlying concept of Auroville as city for all, where land is a shared commodity. Consequently, the strategies explained in the chapters from the DDP main document are translated into this practical application guide which consist of detailed Parameters for each portion of land in Residential Zone, Sector 1& 2. Together the strategy and the detailed parameters form a complete reference tool aiding the land management and the project allocation procedures. This is to serve as a reference to both the residences and the Town Development Council, offering a framework for a transparent and inclusive way of guiding the development of Auroville, where everyone is fully informed of the long and short term objectives. Current lack of such established structure makes the land allocation process extremely difficult, where the majority of the decisions are made on a one by one basis rather than constituting a part of a coherent plan. As a method of practically aiding such land and project allocation procedure a concept of a Land Development Unit was introduced (refer to 04.02 DDP Strategy drawing) and a provisional set out of such units was demarcated.

LAND DEVELOPMENT UNIT (LDU) Taking into an account the specificity of the Auroville planning context, as well as the vision of a town that belongs to all of its residents, the DDP attempts to redefine, as they stand, “plots” or “sites” with a unit that is much less associated with a notion of an ownership or a boundary. This also intends to move on from a realm that operates with a fence line or a shape of the former farm land which in effect divides Auroville into isolated development patches, irreversibly jeopardizing opportunity for the emergence of a cohesive and connected townscape. The direction set by the DDP assumes that, in time, there will be no divisions, physical boundaries or fences and the entire Auroville land will be practically managed and actively used by all residents following the original concepts envisaged for Auroville collective living. Hence, the LDU boundaries are “virtual” and should not be interpreted as indication of ownership or constitute a physical boundary. The set out serves merely the practical purpose of land allocation and the parameters definition. Unit boundaries reflect probable and viable development size, yet, remain flexible - LDUs can be merged and sub-divided according to the arising needs. Proposed projects will be allocated to a particular LDU which suits the indicated use, the number of accommodation units, the desired character of the development etc. Certain projects might be suitable for several LDU’s which will present TDC, the project holder and the architect with options to choose from.

LDUS VIRTUAL BOUNDARIES SET OUT The suggested arrangement of the LDUs (see Fig. 01, 00 Key Plan LDU, p8) reflects urban fabric planning needs at a zone scale combined with a set of local, neighbourhood specific parameters for each portion of the sector. Consequently, the set out is of the virtual boundaries in DDP 2016 indicates portions of land to be developed taking to account current status of the land ownership and currently managed land by the existing communities - hence, those boundaries are subject to revision and adjustment depending on the changing situation on the ground. As noted previously LDU exact boundary is provisional, depending on the specific proposals boundaries could be adjusted keeping the aims of the DDP strategy as a base for such amendment. Current LDU set out is guided by the strategies which involve the reservation of space for the generally accessible urban and green open spaces and the functionality of movement network. In the Urban Zone, the boundaries are identified as an indication of possible and viable sizing of the collective living projects fitting into

emerging closely knit urban fabric of the town - accommodating for the 75% of future population. The arrangement is largely guided by the set out of the Covered Walkways network, the location of Public Spaces and the Access Roads. In the Green Zone the LDU “bubbles” indicate loosely the area affected and to be taken into consideration by those developing the cluster within the generally accessible park. The suggested cluster arrangement reflects the Land Use and Movement strategies for the Green Corridors and recreation grounds, green clearings. Both Green and Urban Zone LDUs can be merged or divided depending on the proposed project requirements - however, it is important to keep the provision for the population allocation, the functionality of the Movement network and proportions of built and un-bulit areas. What is more, there is also provision for phasing of the project within an LDU - a development could happen in stages with a presented plan for such phasing where provision for further stages is clearly planned.

HOW TO READ AN LDU FILE LDU is not to be treated as a self-sufficient “site” but rather as a fragment of a larger urban fabric with strong mutual dependencies with the surrounding. Thus, the limits of the LDU demarcate a public use area which needs to be taken into consideration in the proposed project’s design rather than planned for exclusive use of the future project’s residents. Therefore, provision of the future accommodation is not the sole responsibility of project holder – efforts should be directed towards development proposal that constitutes a new part of an extensive system of urban and landscape components for public use. An LDU file demarcates the location of the particular portion of land, the projected and existing elements in its surrounding as well as providing a list of parameters informing range of the future development aspects. An LDU file equips the project holder/ architect with a complete set of data needed to develop a project that will stay in tune with the projected functionality of the zone and allocation of the future population; at the same time ensuring the compatibility with the land and water management strategies. The practical application guide consists of the LDU parameter set of drawings and LDU specific parameters. The LDU parameter set of drawings contains the key plan LDU (p24) which positions zooms or frames within the Residential Sectors 1 & 2 (see Fig. 2). The zooms provide a closer view of LDUs (p25-37, see Fig. 3). Detailed information for individual LDUs are provided in LDU specific parameters (p39-50, see Fig. 4).

The Detailed Development Plan (DDP) for the Residential Zone sets a new comprehensive development strategy which will help steer Auroville’s planning towards steady sustainable development. The DDP strategy is complemented by this document, a detailed guidance for the phased implementation. This guidance is structured to fit the specificity of Auroville planning and to reflect the needs arising from:

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

LDU C.R1.0.O

MAIN DATA LDU AREA: 6266 M2 PAX: 32 PEOPLE RESIDENTIAL BUILT-UP: 1290 M2 GROUND COVERAGE: 1395 M2 FAR: 0.43 HEIGHT: 1

MA LD PA RE GR FAR HE

LAND USE AFFORESTATION: YES UNIT TYPE: URBAN

LA AF UN

MOVEMENT WATER CATCHMENT: LAKE CATCHMENT AREA RAIN WATER MANAGEMENT: SWALE UNDERGROUND SECTION WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT: OPTIONAL CONNECTION WALKING PATH: YES CYCLING PATH: YES ACCESS: CROWN

MO WA RA WA WA CY AC

URBAN FORM OPEN-AIR PUBLIC SPACE: YES COVERED WALKWAYS: YES COMMUNITY SPACE (AMENITIES) BUILT UP: 837 M2 COMMUNITY SPACE (AMENITIES) TYPE: CRECHE

UR OP CO CO CO

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ZOOM 2 p26

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MAIN DATA LDU AREA: 3476 M2 PAX: 6 PEOPLE RESIDENTIAL BUILT-UP: 2131 M2 GROUND COVERAGE: 1701 M2 FAR: 1.10 HEIGHT: 3

MA LD PA RE GR FAR HE

LAND USE Zoom 02 with LDUs AFFORESTATION: YES in crown and green area in Sector 1 UNIT TYPE: URBAN Specific paramters for one LDU

LA AF UN

MOVEMENT WATER CATCHMENT: LAKE CATCHMENT AREA RAIN WATER MANAGEMENT: SWALE, 20m W WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT: OPTIONAL CONNECTION WALKING PATH: YES CYCLING PATH: YES ACCESS: CROWN

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03 04

LDU AREA PAX RESIDENTIAL BUILT-UP GROUND COVERAGE FAR HEIGHT LAND USE AFFORESTATION UNIT TYPE MOVEMENT WATER CATCHMENT RAIN WATER MANAGEMENT WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT WALKING PATH CYCLING PATH ACCESS URBAN FORM OPEN-AIR PUBLIC SPACE: COVERED WALKWAYS: COMMUNITY SPACE (AMENITIES) BUILT UP COMMUNITY SPACE (AMENITIES) TYPE

Main data parameters serve as a guide helping the allocation of the project to a particular LDU, ensuring the maintenance of the core elements of the population distribution and land use strategy. The rest of the parameters offer a further guidance as to how the proposed project design should be detailed. Parameters are to serve as an underlying guidance, in the same time offering flexibility. Consequently, data that is provided sets a framework for the further exploration of spatial arrangement by the architect who is encouraged to search for the best solution to the particular portion of land. The exact location of the elements like cycle path or Covered Walkways should be treated as a suggestion and if an alternative is proposed by the architect, the projected impact of such the change to the larger strategy should be explored and appropriate design extending beyond the LDU boundaries is to be offered. In other words, the decisions regarding the exact arrangement within an LDU is to be investigated by the architect having in mind the functionality of the overall movement systems or land use strategies. Consequently, the project holder data package handed over by the TDC is not to be limited to parameters relating solely to particular LDU but also consist of parameter drawings for the entire Sector 1 & 2 (p8-22). It is important for the ones willing to develop the portion of the sectors to be aware of the larger scale strategies and indeed have an active involvement in planning of the functionality of the LDU adjacent areas. Application of those specific LDU â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s parameters as development directives will ensure that the broad development goals regarding the land management are realised, whilst offering the opportunity for project holders take the local urban design further and take active part in shaping the emerging Auroville townscape with freedom to explore the architectural expression.

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

MAIN DATA

The parameters directly relate to the strategies of the DDP and offer guidance for architects/project holders on how to fit into the functionality of the larger system. In effect each LDU has a set of parameters definingÂ its character and relating to the Land Use, Movement, Urban Form and Density.

Each LDU is defined by the following parameters:

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

DDP PARAMETERS

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

00 KEY PLAN

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

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Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

LAND DEVELOPMENT UNITS ZOOMS

Detailed Development Plan 2016 - Residential Zone Sectors 1 & 2

ZOOM 01

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