Baghdad ‘s productive city- ProBaghdad
Arch. Ahmed Marwan Khalid Ahmed University of Bucharest – architecture and urban school “ion mincu” Master of urban design “mpu II” September 2014 Master Thesis 1
Accesses - Content
1st Access: - The History of Baghdad’s Urban & Morphology 1. The foundation of Baghdad. 2. The increasing of Baghdad at the Abbasid Era 3. Baghdad as a capital in spite of the changing river’s path in 768. 4. River’s path changing 5. Left side expansion of Baghdad at the Ottomans era I 6. City zones in 1944 at the Hashemite kingdom era – Before the Republican’s revolution. 7. The City map after the revolution in 1958. 8. Baghdad City after the American invasion. - Baghdad’s modern history. - The urban council of Iraq. - Baghdad at the present time. 2nd Access: - General Problems. - The Main Problems of the City. - Population and Buildings’ Density. - The Old Center of Baghdad. - Objectives. - Clients. - Vision. 3rd Access: - Area Calculations. - electrical energy calculations. - General Proposed Typologies. - Main Proposed Typologies. - Project's Keys Concept. 4th Access: Project typologies distribution and project staging : 1. Existing Buildings, Water distributions canals, and river excavations. 2. Bridges and Dam Construction. 3. Residential implementation and services buildings. 4. Commercial New centers of Baghdad. 5. Touristic zones, Green zones establishment and Commercial Areas around it. - Zoning Distribution - Project’s Sections. - Main proposed typologies. 1. Commercial Centers. 2. Residential Complexes. 3. Tourism Areas. - Typologies and Sustainability. - ProBaghdad.
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The History of Baghdad’s Urban & morphology: 1. The foundation of Baghdad Baghdad – the city of peace Baghdad founded by the Abbasid ruler al-Khalifa – Abu Jaafar almansour in 762. Baghdad was a circular city, which was a new form of the Islamic city with four main entrances , had a high fence made of brick burned by the sun, as a defensive system with 531 hectare.
Figure (1): Baghdad Establishment byMohamed Makya – Baghdad 2005. P.15
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The History of Baghdad’s Urban & morphology: 2. The increasing of Baghdad at the Abbasid Era Baghdad attracted the people to immigrate as the capital of new world Built by the prince of the middle east which was known as the Arabic world, and day by day got increased because of the new needs of the immigrated people, Baths, Mosques, markets and churches added around the protected city which remain as the city government center. Two years later the Prince added formally the right side of the river which is called now Resafa. Total area was 3702 ha.
Figure (2): Baghdad Expanding by the WordPress * http://quadralectics.wordpress.com/4-representation/4-1-form/4-1-3-design-in-city-building/4-1-3-1-the-circularradial-model/
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The History of Baghdad’s Urban & morphology: Zoning at the Abbasid era.
Figure (3): Baghdad Zoning by the University of Michigan – Historical Atlas http://www.historyandcivilization.com/Maps---Tables---Islam--632-1350AD.html
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The History of Baghdad’s Urban & morphology: 3. Baghdad as a capital - River’s path in 768.
Figure (4): Baghdad River’s Paths in 768 byMohamed Makya – Baghdad. 2005. Page 120
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The History of Baghdad’s Urban & morphology: 4. River’s path changing The city continues to expand at the right side of the river with, especially after the establishment of the schools and scientific centers which made Baghdad as the main learning center in 768.
Figure(5): Details of Resafa Side by Mohamed Makya – Baghdad. 2005. Page 59
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The History of Baghdad’s Urban & morphology: 5. Left side expansion of Baghdad at the Ottomans era in 1854 – Karkh Zone
Figure (6): Baghdad increasing on the both sides in the Ottomans era 1854 by Mohamed Makya – Baghdad. 2005. Page 63
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The History of Baghdad’s Urban & morphology: 6. City zones in 1944 at the Hashemite kingdom era – Before the Republican’s revolution.
Figure (7): Baghdad zoning plan in 1944 by the library of the University of Texas at Austin http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/iraq.html
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The History of Baghdad’s Urban & morphology: 7. The City map after the revolution in 1958.
Figure (8): Baghdad 1958 this map is done by the US military corps . By the library of the University of Texas at Austin http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/iraq.html
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The History of Baghdad’s Urban & morphology: 8. Baghdad Bus Stations map in 1961
Figure (9): Baghdad 1961 Bus Map http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/iraq.html
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The History of Baghdad’s Urban & morphology: 8. Baghdad City after the American invasion.
Figure (10): Baghdad 2006 - USA Government University of Texas http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/iraq.html
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Baghdad’s modern history
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The urban council of Iraq The Urban Council of Baghdad established in 1950 by the Iraqian Parliament headed by the Prime Minister Noory Saeed Basha focusing on a big strategy for 6 years (1955-1961), unfortunately it was abandoned in 1959 after the fire of the revolution in 1958 – that finished by the king and his family elimination and become a republican county, till this moment.
The urban council of Iraq
Noory saeed basha
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Baghdad at the present time Population: 7,216,000
Density: 34,900 km sq. Area: 204 km sq.
Current Economy Style: Oil producer Climate: Subtropical Arid Nominal GDP: 100-200 $ Bl. Baghdad at the present time
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Historical Buildings
Polices
economical situation
Traffic Jam
Residential Zones
Unorganized urban
Tigris Pollution
Public spaces
Electricity
general problems
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The main problems of the city Baghdad at the present time is a big city with large unorganized population density that's need new urban rise for a better future, the city problems are many and hard to calculate, but the main five problems are: 1. The Urban Organization. 2. The Energy Absence. 3. The Consumption Economy. 4. Population Distribution. 5. Limited Green Cover.
Spontaneously spread city at the present time
12 hours of electricity in the maximum consumption season
Consumption economy depend on selling oil
Unorganized population’s density distribution
3% of Baghdad has a green cover
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Population and buildings density
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The old center of Baghdad
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old center of Baghdad
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Project's Objectives
Historic buildings Clean Energy
Economic Centers
Land use
Integrated communities
Dams And River Side
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City cultural center
Housing
Vision Towards Compact, Sustainable, High Quality, High Density, Well-Diversified , Traditional, Integrated and Productive city , as a new Symbolic “zone� which will be a start for Baghdad to Re-establish the Old Capital Of Baghdad ProBaghdad.
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Area Calculations: Total Area 222 Hectares Proposed Residential Zone : 50 Hectares
We will have 7 x 3 = 21 Apartment by Building . 75 Bu. x 21 App. = 1575 App.
That’s mean I have Pure 50 hectare for Vertical Housing Buildings.
Population calculation :
Proposed buildings : 75 Building.
Expected the population of the activity Commercial, Touristic and services is : 52.000 person
600 Sq. M lets say we can design 3 Apartments in each level. With 7 levels “medium” for each building
1575 App. X 5 = 7875 person in residential areas
52.000 + approximately 8000 = 60.000 person 60.000 person / 222 hectare = 270 per./hec
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270 pers./hec.
Rahova - Bucharest
Is it High density ?!
high density Example: Area 34 Hectares. 12.000 Population. Density: 12.000 per./34 hec. = 353 persons/hectare
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Baghdad Density Population 7.31 million at the present time . Area 60000 hectares 7310000 Per. / 60000 Hec. = 121.83 per./hec. That’s mean somewhere in the middle between Lima and Shanghai ------------------------------------------------------------
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1.
How Can I start a productive project ?
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General proposed typology A.
Activity Centers: Cultural, Commercial, Educational, Residential, Etc. B. Preservation Centers: Historical Areas and Buildings, Religious Buildings, Etc. C. Corridors: Streets, Sub-streets, Mahala, Etc. D. Public Green Centers: Parks, River-side E. Renovation Centers: Old Street elevation , reusing old building on the main streets. F. Housing Centers. ----------------------------------------------------------------Main proposed typologies
1. 2. 3.
Residential Area Commercial Centers Touristic green zones – on the river shoulders.
Studies Area: 222 Hectares
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Project’s key concepts
Climate Efficiency Design & Distributed Green Spaces
Clean Energy production
Connectivity
Productive Market
ProBaghdad
Identity
High Residential Capacity Attractive Historical and Tourism areas
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2. How Can I design a productive project without integrated available of electricity ?
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Electricity consumption per capita – Source CIA FACT BOOK
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Energy calculations Average Power consumption per Capita = 204 watts per person By knowing that the government provide people by 12 hours per day in summer. “maximum Consumption” That’s mean the real needs of electricity will be as a minimum two times more than that ! Which means the actual need = 408 watts per person 408 Watts x 60.000 person = 24.480.000 Watts Full energy need for the Project zone . The Government will provide 65% of it , 24.480.000 – 15.912.000 = 24.48 – 15.91 = 8.57 Megawatts in Summer (total need of the project) In winter – the electrical needs of the population will be half of the summer need. 12.24 Megawatts in summer (total need for the project). 7.95 (provided by the Government 65%) 12.24 – 7.95 = 4.29 Megawatts in Winter (total need of the project)
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Energy calculations Dams hydroelectrical generator Power = Head x Flow x Gravity ( The head is propsed by 20 meters before and after the Hydro-Dam). P = 20 m x 27790 Ltr./Sec. x 9.81 = 5.452.398 watts = 5.45 Megawatts = 63 % from the total need in summer. In summer when the water flow is the maximum 27790 Liter/second. P = 20 m X 1014 Ltr./Sec. x 9.81 = 1.989.460 almost 2 Megawatts = 46% from the total need in winter In winter when the water flow of Tigris is the minimum.
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Energy calculations Solar cells fields generators One Meter square of Solar panel generate 1000 watts per day with full Sun location , ( 4hours ) That 4 hours generate almost 160 Watts ( electrical efficiency). In Baghdad in Summer, Full exposure to sun is about min. 8 hours a day, that’s mean the electrical efficiency will be 320 watt per one meter square of electrical panel in Baghdad.
Building covering area 83 hectare, with a 40% construction coverage ( Comercial, Residential, Services, Tourism, Parks and Historical building). 83.000 meter square X 40% = 33200 M ( of Solar Penal)
33200 X 320 Watts per meter = 10624000 Watts generation in Summer ! Which is 10.62 Megawatt. Which is almost 80 % of project need in summer. In Winter the the one meter solar penal will be almost 200 (6 hours of sun). 33200 meter X 200 = 6640000 watts which is 6.64 Megawatts.
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Energy calculations Total energy generation
Summer
Winter
Average
Hydro Electrical Watts/Day
5.452.398 5.45 Megawatts
1.989.460 1.98 Megawatts
3.71 Megawatts
Solar penal Watts/Day
10624000 10.62 Megawatts
6640000 6.64 Megawatts
8.63 Megawatts
Total Energy Generation
16.07 Megawatts
8.44 Mega watts
12.34 Megawatts
Project electrical needs
8.57 Megawatts
4.29 Megawatts
6.43 Megawatts
This table shows us that the project will be an energy station 7.5 Megawatts over needs in summer 4.25 Megawatts over needs in winter
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Baghdad will over produce electricity
7.5 Megawatts over needs in summer 4.25 Megawatts over needs in winter
Which can be export to the other parts of Baghdad City.
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Project typologies distribution and project staging 1.
Existing Buildings, Water distributions canals, and river excavations, please note that the plans don’t show the canals grid that will be distributed from the main 2 proposed canals on the both sides of the project, which ends in the Touristic city as it shown later.
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Project typologies distribution and project staging
2. Bridges and Dam Construction – The construction of 2 new Dams one will be as a Hydro-electrical & Transport , the other one as a Water controller as well as transport.
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3. Residential implementation and services buildings.
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4. Commercial New centers of Baghdad – that sheet doesn’t shows the linear Markets that will be around the residential zones and the proposed Green centers.
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5. Touristic zones, Green zones establishment and Commercial Areas around it, which are eventually on the river’s shoulders located between the new 2 dams, which will have a strong slope on the shoulders as a result for reducing the water level in order to create the suitable fall of water for hydro-electrical dam. That problem will be used later as an advanced architectural point as we will see in the creation of the Touristic city
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zoning distribution
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Project’s sections
1 2 3
A
B
C
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Main proposed typologies Concept, Analysis, Sections, Architectural style, and 3D shots.
Residential complexes
Commercial centers
Tourism Areas
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Commercial centers The Concept of the Old Markets in Baghdad.
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Commercial centers Detailed Proposal – Commercial Unit Top View
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Commercial centers Interior open space Sketch – Commercial Unit
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Commercial centers Interior open space 3D – Commercial Unit
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Commercial centers Commercial Unit
Entrance View
Roof View
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Commercial centers Commercial Unit
Outside view
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Residential Complex Concept’s inspiration
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Residential Complex
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Residential Complex Residential Unit
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Residential Complex Residential Unit
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Residential Complex Residential Unit – Air circulation by the created difference air pressure between inside and outside.
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Residential Complex Residential Zone
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Residential Complex Residential unit proposal
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Residential Complex
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Residential Complex Zoning Analyses
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Residential Complex Semi-public shading Concept
Pedestrian Axes
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Residential Complex
Residential 3D View
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Residential Complex
Main Entrance - Eye view
Walking View
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Tourism Areas
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Tourism Areas
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Tourism Areas The high resulted slope after the Dams construction.
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Tourism Areas Air Circulation – Day & Night
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Tourism Areas
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Tourism Areas Functional use for the new constructed levels.
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Tourism Areas Top View for one unit
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Tourism Areas River Section & 3D Sketch
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Tourism Areas Project’s River Elevation
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Tourism Areas Final 3D Proposal
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Calculations of the Old City – Before and After the Project Calculation
Before
After
unit
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Residential Areas
283437
230669
Meter Square -
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Commercial Areas
265312
89208
Meter Square -
3
Touristic Areas
164481
403941
Meter Square +
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Cultural Areas
191766
431226
Meter Square +
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Water Surfaces
421074
539271
Meter Square +
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Green Zones
14466
347574
Meter Square +
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Population
Approx. 15000
Approx. 60000
Person +
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Population Density
68
270
Person/Hectare +
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Electrical Power Generation
Zero
12.34
Megawatts +
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Typologies and sustainability – time machine
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ProBaghdad
Ahmed Marwan - 2014
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Thanks for your attention
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