BOROUMAND
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CONTENTS
4 Reclaiming wasted space in huburbia 30 Parametric housing 52 Swansea highway + commercial strip 58 DLA self portrait
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RECLAIMING WASTED SPACE IN HUBURBIA STUDIO: DUTCH SET MOVES
By 2030 Sydney’s population is set to rise by 1.5 million. Current plans place housing on sites which reduce agricultural land as well as building on land of future poverty. Can this population rise be accommodated within existing built areas where the creation of meaningless residual space has reached an extreme: The Suburbs? This project looks at reclaiming wasted space in suburban hubs, taking Macquarie Park as an example. There are four steps identified in this process. First, a series of mappings, site analysis and studies are made to seek out potential sites of densification. Second, wasted space is mapped and the possible number of people accommodated within this space identified. Third, a number of what if scenarios are investigated: what if everyone lives in a house, what if everyone lives in high-rises....and fourth, the prototype is developed which seeks to combine suburban desires within a cosmopolitan settings while allowing a high level of individualization where every house is different. This project can be seen as a set of rules for densification within the suburbs. This project is a game and a serious study, an educational aid and a political instrument.
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STRATEGIC DIAGRAM
DENSITY SYDNEY AT DUTCH DENSITY: 8 000 PEOPLE/ KM2
South City Population: 6 Million Area: 750 km2
Coast City 437 km of coast Population: 6 Million 1.7 km wide strip
Highway City 176.2 km of highway bound within freeway Population: 6 Million 4.3 km wide strip
Twin Cores Population: 6 Million Area: 750 km2
Highway City 176.2 km of highway bound within freeway Population: 6 Million 1.4 km wide strip
Twin Cores Population: 6 Million Area: 240 km2
SYDNEY AT MANHATTAN DENSITY: 25 000 PEOPLE/ KM2
South City Population: 6 Million Area: 240 km2
Coast City 437 km of coast Population: 6 Million 0.55 km wide strip
COAST POSSIBLE URBAN FOOTPRINT EXISTING URBAN FOOTPRINT 6
STEP 1: MAP ANALYSE STUDY NORTH RYDE PARAMETERS DENSITY
2 500 people/km2
HOUSE SIZE N 140 o 120
LOCATION MAP
o 100 f
80
h 60 o u 40 s 20 e s 0
50m
30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330 350 370 390
100m
House Size (m2)
Mean: 182 m2 Median: 164 m2
20m
PROPOSED BUS
NUMBER OF PEOPLE PER DWELLING 1.9 2.4
2.5
2.8
2.5
2.5
2.5
BUILT AREA 20% 7
TRAIN AND BUS CORRIDORS
Service buildings Warehouse Office
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EXISTING ECOSYSTEM AND CREEKS
100 200
500m
BUILDING TYPES
Built 1960 - 1980 1980 - 2001 2001 - present
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PROPOSED ECOSYSTEM AND CREEKS
100 200
500m
BUILDING AGE 8
9
500 m
Buisiness Park
Built area:= 66 448 m2
empty area:= 183 552 m2
Main Road
empty area:= 59 222 m2 Housing
Built area:= 53 139 m2
empty area:= 196 861 m2
FEASIBILITY STUDY 10
Barcelona Density: 16 000 people/ km2
Borneo Sporenburg, Amsterdam Average density: 10 000 People/ Km2 (Incl 600 dwellings in apartments)
Malmo, Sweden Density: 12 000 People/ Km2
Vancouver, Canada Density: 16 200 People/ Km2
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Manhattan Density: 27 394 People/ Km2
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Osaka, Japan Density: 11 893 People/ Km2
Pitsburg, California Density: 3 639 People/ Km2
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322
Japan Long thin typology
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AN INVENTORY OF TYPOLOGIES 12
STEP 2: MAP WASTED SPACE EXISTING FIGURE GROUND
DENSIFYING PUBLIC TRANSPORT CORRIDORS
Depth of housing: 30m Area: 778 971 m2 Number of people at 12 000 people/ km2: 9 347 Number of dwellings at 12 000 people/ km2: 3 739 Number of people at 24 000 people/ km2: 18 695 Number of dwellings at 24 000 people/ km2: 7 478
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DENSIFYING PUBLIC TRANSPORT CORRIDORS - ADDING HYPER DENSITY
hyperdensity Area: 541 518 m2 Number of people at 33 000 people/ km2: 17 871 Number of dwellings at 33 000 people/ km2: 7 149 Number of people at 12 000 + 33 000 people/ km2: 27 218 Number of people at 24 000 + 33 000 people/ km2: 36 566
BARCELONA GRID- 110m DEEP
Area: 2 876 227 m2 Number of people at 12 000 people/ km2: 34 514 Number of dwellings at 12 000 people/ km2: 13 806 Number of people at 24 000 people/ km2: 69 029 Number of dwellings at 24 000 people/ km2: 27 611
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EPPING ROAD
Area: 323 090 m2 Number of people at 12 000 people/ km2: 3 877 Number of dwellings at 12 000 people/ km2: 1 551 Number of people at 24 000 people/ km2: 7 754 Number of dwellings at 24 000 people/ km2: 3 102
BUISINESS PARK
Area: 1 301 083 m2 Number of people at 12 000 people/ km2: 15 612 Number of dwellings at 12 000 people/ km2: 6 245 Number of people at 24 000 people/ km2: 31 226 Number of dwellings at 24 000 people/ km2: 12 490
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BUISINESS PARK - PLOTS WITH 3m MIN WIDTH
Area: 383 108 m2 Number of people at 12 000 people/ km2: 4 597 Number of dwellings at 12 000 people/ km2: 1 839 Number of people at 24 000 people/ km2: 9 195 Number of dwellings at 24 000 people/ km2: 3 678
BUISINESS PARK - BUILDINGS BUILT BEFORE 1980 AND WAREHOUSE AND SERVICE BUILDINGS REMOVED
Area: 992 269 m2 Number of people at 12 000 people/ km2: 11907 Number of dwellings at 12 000 people/ km2: 4 763 Number of people at 24 000 people/ km2: 23 814 Number of dwellings at 24 000 people/ km2: 9 526
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STEP 3: TEST SCENARIOS SCENARIO 1: EVERYONE LIVES IN A HOUSE
Using the housing side parameters: Density: 12 000 people/ km2 No of houses: 1089 Area of houses: 866 866 m2 Area of leftover space at 20% built area: 198 454 Number of ground levels needed: 4.3
SCENARIO 2: GROUND LEVEL GIVEN TO HOUSES, LEFTOVER PEOPLE LIVE IN HIGHRISE
Using the housing side parameters: Density: 12 000 people/ km2 No of houses: 1089 Area of houses: 866 866 m2 Area of leftover space at 20% built area: 198 454 Area of apartments: 668 412 Canada highrise floor plates: 557 m2 Levels of highrises: 30 Towers needed: 40
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SCENARIO 3: BARCELONA PARAMETERS
Using Barcelona parameters: Site coverage: 70% Unit size: 150 m2 No of stories: 5 Density: 12 000 people/ km2 Area of units: 714 450 m2 Area of each block: 142 890 Number of blocks: 18
Using Barcelona parameters: Site coverage: 70% Unit size: 150 m2 No of stories: 7 Density: 24 000 people/ km2 Area of units: 1 428 900 m2 Number of blocks: 26
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SCENARIO 4: MANHATTAN AS PARAMETER
Using the housing side parameters: Density: 12 000 people/ km2 No of houses: 4 763 Area of houses: 866 866 m2 Built area: 763 583 m2 Number of floors: 1.1
Using the housing side parameters: Density: 24 000 people/ km2 No of houses: 9 526 Area of houses: 1 428 900 m2 Built area: 763 583 m2 Number of floors: 2.3
Using the housing side parameters: Density: 107 978 people/ km2 No of people: 107 143 No of houses: 42 857 Area of houses: 7 800 010 m2 Built area: 763 583 m2 Number of floors: 10
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SCENARIO 5: EVERYONE LIVES IN PERIMETER BLOCKS
Using the housing side parameters: Density: 12 000 people/ km2 No of houses: 1089 Area of houses: 866 866 m2 Built area: 401 450 Number of floors: 2.15
Using the housing side parameters: Density: 24 000 people/ km2 No of houses: 9 526 Area of houses: 1 428 900 m2 Built area: 401 450 Number of floors: 4.3
SCENARIO 6: EVERYONE LIVES IN A HIGHRISE
Using the housing side parameters: Density: 12 000 people/ km2 No of houses: 1089 Area of houses: 866 866 m2 Area of highrise floor plates: 557 m2 Area of each tower at 30 stories: 16 710 m2 Number of Highrises: 52
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1:10 000 MODEL
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STEP 4: DEVELOPE PROTOTYPE HOUSING RULES 1. To combine suburban desires within a cosmopolitan setting
+
+
3. Every house is cross or stack ventilated. Every house has a double aspect. 4. The ground level is activated. 5. Privacy is maintained by a. Raising the first level b. provision of 1m deep setback in outdoor spaces.
1.60
1.00
1.00 1.60
2. In order to achieve a high level of individuality, every house is different. This is achieved through making each plan and volume different.
6. For every house a garden 7. At least every second level there is communal program 8. Housing combines density and lightness
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CONCEPTUAL MODEL
3 Bedrooms - 6 Pixels 2 Bedrooms - 5 Pixels 1 Bedroom - 4 Pixels Studio - 3 Pixels 1 Pixels = 5m x 5m
CIRCULATION PLAN
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1:200 PLANS 3 BEDROOMS
F
F
25
F
2 BEDROOMS
1:1 000 MODEL
F
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F
1 BEDROOM
F
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STUDIO
F
F
1:100 MODEL
SECTION 28
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PARAMETRIC HOUSING STUDIO: COMPOSITE ENVIRONMENTS
In this studio we were asked to investigate digital design and fabrication techniques through the design of the individual dwelling. We began by examining emergent phenomena where simple rules can generate complex global ordered patterns. These rules allow the emergence of a system which is superior to the sum of its parts. A bottom up approach allows the derivation of complex systems through exploration of a single element. The project begins by investigating a single material system (origami folding) and then examines how a single system can come to define the surface, floor plate, fabrication, single dwelling and masterplan. Parametric design allows complexity and variability at all scales. Simple parameters such as sun position, stair dimensions, distance from the river and tree coverage are used to derive complex geometries through variability. Variation within unit types is allowed through modern digital fabrication techniques where variable geometry can be achieved at the same cost and efficiency as replicated units.
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MATERIAL SYSTEM: FOLDING CORRUGATION
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MEANDERING MEANDERING
CUT CUT & FOLD & FOLD
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WATERBOMB WATERBOMB
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SINGLE ELEMENT
SYSTEM
FLOOR PLATE MODEL 34
SECTIONAL HOUSE 2 BEDROOM
3-4 BEDROOM
Grows horizontally
Grows horizontally and vertically
Grows Horizontally
Horizontal section growth Horizontal Section growth
Grows Horizontally and vertically
Vertical section growth Vertical Section growth Courtyard/ terrace module
Vertical section growth Vertical Section growth Vertical module
Vertical module
Courtyard/ terrace module
Potetial forfor verandah and outdoor space Potetial verandah and outdoor space
Squares increase in size acSquaresto increase in size according cording morphed form to morphed form
Potential for double height Potential for double height space at intersection
space at intersection
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FOLDING HOUSE SPATIAL CONFIGURATION
Physical Barier
2 Bed 2 Bed
Visual Barier
Private Space
Room With a View
Private Outdoor Space/ Elevated Structure
Balcony
Seating
Grow Horizontally Grow Horizontally
Room With a View Private Space 3 Bed 3 Bed
Grow Vertically Grow Vertically
Balcony
Room With a View
Room With a View
4 Bed 4 Bed
Grow Vertically Grow Vertically
First Floor Plan
First Floor Plan
Second Floor Plan
Second Floor Plan
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ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS SEPARATION OF HEAT AND MOISTURE GENERATING PROGRAM Separation of heat and moisture generating program
Various CONFIGURATIONS configurations of semi-open outdoor space OUTDOOR SPACE VARIOUS OF SEMI-OPEN
Wetarea area Wet
Kitchen Kitchen
Semi-open outdoor space Semi-open outdoor space
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ORIENT THE STRUCTURE BREEZE Orient the structure toTO theTHE breeze
BLADE WALLS SHUTTERS CAN Blade walls and shutters can be AND used to direct the breeze
BE USED TO DIRECT THE BREEZE
20-40 degrees
SPACING OUT OF STRUCTURES ALLOWS AIR FLOW BETWEEN THEM
Spacing out of structures allows air flow between them
3m
18m
Lower sites require more elevated structures LOWER SITES REQUIRE MORE ELEVATED STRUCTURES
2m RL 0
1m
RL 200
0.5m
RL 500
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SCREENING THE SEMI-OPEN OUTDOOR SPACE ALLOWS UNSCREENED OPENINGS TO THE INTERIOR
LIGHT WEIGHT CONSTRUCTION MINIMISES TOby THE INTERIOR BY effective RADIATION AND ALLOWS EFFECTIVE PURGING OF HEAT IN THE EVENING Light weight construction minimises heat HEAT gains toGAINS the interior radiation and allows purging of heat in the evening
Lower sites require greater openings in the building envelope LOWER SITES REQUIRE GREATER OPENINGS IN THE BUILDING ENVELOPE
RL 0
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RL 200
RL 500
SCREEN PARAMETERS
Time of day
9am
Noon
3pm
Medium
Small
Medium
More
Subdivision/ Scale
Large
Grid Distribution
Power Graph
Degree of influence
Less
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FABRICATION
TABS SYSTEM
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SCREEN FABRICATION
Folded Aluminium Composite Panels With Tabs Stainless Steel or Timber Support Structure
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DWELLING UNIT HOUSE AND SCREEN- CONNECTING DIFFERENT TYPOLOGIES SCREEN AS PART OF WALL
GRIDDED MEETS FACADE ATSAME THEPOINT SAME POINT GRIDDED PLAN PLAN MEETS FACADE AT THE GRID
VARIATION 1
FLOOR VARIATION TYPE 1
SCREEN
VARIATION 2
SCREEN
FLOOR VARIATION TYPE 2
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CHANGING THE LONG SECTION ALONG DEPTH
SCREEN STUDY ON CURVED FACADE
NORMAL
WATERBOMB SCRIPT TRIMMED
SUBDIVISION BEZEER GRAPH
WATERBOMB SCRIPT USED TO TRIM FACADE
CURVED STRAIGHT FACADE
CHANGING THE LONG SECTION ALONG DEPTH COMBINATION SCREENS
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FLOOR PLATE STUDIES TWO BEDROOM 120m2
BEDROOM
VERANDAH TOILET
DINING
LIVING ROOM
THREE BEDROOM 160m2 2 THREE BEDROOM 160m
VERANDAH STORAGE
VERANDAH
BEDROOM
TOILET
DINING
TOILET
BEDROOM
DINING
LIVING ROOM
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VERANDAH STORAGE
BEDROOM
VERANDAH
LIVING ROOM
BEDROOM
LIVING ROOM
TOILET/ STORAGE
FLOOR PLATE STUDIES FOUR BEDROOM 200+ 200+ m2 FOUR BEDROOM m2 BEDROOM VERANDAH BEDROOM
LIVING ROOM
VERANDAH TOILET
GARAGE
VERANDAH LIVING ROOM
BEDROOM
LIVING ROOM
BEDROOM
TOILET
BEDROOM VERANDAH STORAGE
BEDROOM
TOILET
STORAGE
LIVING ROOM
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PROTOTYPE PROTOTYPE VERANDAH BATHROOM, PRIVATE SPACE BEDROOM KITCHEN
LIVING ROOM
GARAGE
NOTCHED TIMBER FRAME
SKIN
SCREEN CAN BE RECESSED TO CREATE A VERANDAH
SCREEN CONSTRUCTION 47
MATERIALITY
Katsufumi Kubota - Yamaguchi Perfecture Pavilion
Composite Fiber Reinforced Concrete Cladding
Composite Aluminium Panel
McBride Charles Ryan - Monaco House
Kengo Kuma - Y Hutte
McBride Charles Ryan - Klein Bottle House
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1:50 MODEL SCREEN
MASTERPLAN MODEL
MASTERPLAN STUDIES
PARAMETERS: RIVER = SQUARE HEIGHT TREES= SQUARE SCALE (SPACE BETWEEN SQUARES & TRIANGLES
PARAMETERS: RIVER = SQUARE HEIGHT TREES= SQUARE SCALE (SPACE BETWEEN SQUARES & TRIANGLES
PARAMETERS: RIVER = SQUARE HEIGHT TREES= SQUARE SCALE (SPACE BETWEEN SQUARES & TRIANGLES
ALL TREES SELECTED
DISPERSED TREES SELECTED
DISPERSED TREES SELECTED SQUARE SCALE SMALLER
PARAMETERS: RIVER = SQUARE HEIGHT TREES= SQUARE SCALE (SPACE BETWEEN SQUARES & TRIANGLES
PARAMETERS: RIVER &TREES= SQUARE HEIGHT & SQUARE SCALE (SPACE BETWEEN SQUARES & TRIANGLES
PARAMETERS: RIVER = SQUARE HEIGHT TREES= SQUARE SCALE (SPACE BETWEEN SQUARES & TRIANGLES
TREES SELECTED LINEARLY
TREES SELECTED LINEARLY
LESS TREES SELECTED FROM GROUPS OF TREES
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SWANSEA HIGHWAY + COMMERCIAL STRIP STUDIO: RISING TIDES - ADAPTING TO SEA-LEVEL RISE
PROBLEM: as sea level rises the commercial strip in Swansea is threatened by rising flood levels and eventual inundation. The commercial strip is a valuable asset to the town, creating employment and serving the tourism industry. Consequently, it is essential that the commercial strip remain viable as sea level rises. The Highway plays a crucial role in the survival of the commercial strip and so it must remain viable to service the commercial strip. PROPOSAL: The solution proposed is devised in stages. The predicted one in one hundred year flood level in 2100, as proposed by council, is taken as a datum. This level, which sits 1.85m above the ground (2.85AHD), is the level all new construction will be built above. A new street will be constructed above the median strip. The existing highway will remain functional as this is erected. As the new street is made functional, the northbound portion of the highway will be diverted to the street and a system will be implemented to accommodate the differing floor heights along the commercial strip with the new street level. This system is based on the 15m subdivision which is the most dominant shopfront width along the existing highway. As new buildings will be built a second walkway will be introduced. The new walkway will sit at the existing awning height; 3m above the ground; which is taken as a second datum. The new walkway will be connected to the street level via nodal points. The commercial strip will be densifide with mixed use development. A new building is proposed. This building will extend the commercial strip and connect to the lake on the other side of the street. It will provide bus stops, wharfs, bike hire, large outdoor areas, markets, offices, shops, kiosks, restaurants, cafes and an outdoor cinema. Structurally, a columns system will be chosen to create a loose fit building which will adapt to varying uses. The structural grid will be arranged to create views towards the lake, estuary and ocean. A new boardwalk will be realized along the coast and the new street. Experimental salt resistant farming to subsidise lost property values will be implemented. Mangroves and salt marshes will be allowed to retreat to the edge of the new street. BENEFITS: The benefit of this proposal is that it maintains the location of the existing commercial strip and highway. It will cater the needs of a diverse population by providing for both low and high income population and the tourism industry. It will produce more places to eat and longer trading hours with increased night time activity. It will create large infill spaces for the currently dispersed and inadequate service buildings in Swansea. Views to the lake, which are currently few and lacking, will be established. New outdoor public spaces will be activated. New offices with view will replace the currently inadequate offices.
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Commercial
Highway
Median Strip
Highway
Residential
Water views blocked
2009
1.
SLR 0.91m Residential land inundated
2100
2015
2009 Highway still in use New highway
Highway still in use
2.
2025 SLR 1.5m Highway +comm. + res. inundated
2150
2015 New Pedestrian connection Commercial Phase 1
Highway still in use
3.
2050
Flood Level 1.88m Highway +comm. + res. inundated
2009
2025 New Pedestrian connection Commercial Phase 2
Boardwalk
Mangrove retreat
Water views to ocean
4.
2050
Flood Level 2.27m Increase due to SLR
2050
2050 New Commercial Pedestrian connection Phase 3
Terraced crops to subsidise land loss
5.
2100 Flood Level 2.85m Increase due to SLR SWANSEA FLOODING ANALYSIS 53
2075 STAGING IN TYPICAL PLAN + SECTION | 1. EXISTING | 2. 15 YEARS | 3. 25 YEARS | 4. 50 YEARS | 5. 75 YEARS |
2075
BB
3.
3. BB AA
2.
3.
1. 5. 5. 6.
1.
#DrgID #LayID
4. 5.
1.
6.
9. 8.
7. N
MASTERPLAN | 1. bus stop, ticket booth + bike hire | 2. cafes + retail + restaraunt | 3. jetty: recreation + community | 4. markets + view platform | 5. outdoor cinema + new plaza | 6. boardwalk: bike + coastal walks | 7. mangrove retreat | 8. terraced crop beds | 9. offices 54
2. 4.
4. 1.
3. 3.
6.
7. 5.
BUS
O C E A N
ESTUARY FIRST FLOOR PLAN | 1. bus stop roof | 2. sushi bar restraunt | 3. administrative offices | 4. viewing platform | 5. bike hire | 6. bike stop cafe | 7. info centre 55
CIRCULATION DIAGRAM
LAKE
BUS
VIEW DIAGRAM
SECTION AA
SECTION BB
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DLA SELF PORTRAIT
This work looks at the way digital techniques can be incorporated into traditional art media. A simple algorithmic script is used to create a negative of a self-portrait. This image is milled onto a flat surface using a CNC machine. The image is then printed using traditional screen printing methods.
ELECTIVE: 3D COMPUTER DESIGN AND MODELING
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