Liquid Assets by MLopezDrake

LIQUID ASSETS Realizing the Value of Your Communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wetlands

2013

Investing In The Nature Of Southwestern Illinois

Cover photos: Eastern Kingbird (Copyright Kara Pritchard); Flooded Cornfield (FEMA)

LIQUID ASSETS Realizing the Value of Your Communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wetlands This guide to wetlands and their values has been produced by HeartLands Conservancy with funding provided in part through the United States Environmental Protection Agency under Section 319 of the Clean Water Act distributed through the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. This handbook should be used to guide communitiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; conservation, management, and utilization of wetlands. This handbook was compiled by HeartLands Conservancy, a 501(c)3 organization that is committed to investing in healthy and sustainable agricultural, natural and social communities for current and future generations. HeartLands Conservancy primarily serves Madison, St. Clair, Monroe, Bond, Clinton Washington, and Randolph counties in Illinois; however, the data contained herein may be applicable to other communities in areas where wetlands are present and ready to be valued.

Investing In The Nature Of Southwestern Illinois

406 East Main Street Mascoutah, Illinois 62258 (618) 566-4451 wwww.heartlandsconservancy.org

O IS E ILLIN N VIR

AL M EN T PR O TE

O N A G EN C Y CTI

Disclaimer: The work that provided the basis of this publication was supported by funding under an award with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development through East-West Gateway Council of Governments. The substance and findings of the work are dedicated to the public. The author and publisher are solely responsible for the accuracy of the statements and interpretations contained in this publication. Such interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government or East-West Gateway.

What Is In Your Portfolio?

TABLE OF CONTENTS What is a Wetland?.........................................................................................................................6 The American Bottom....................................................................................................................7 Understanding Your Liquid Assets................................................................................................8 Ecosystem Services........................................................................................................................9 Water Quality..................................................................................................................................9 Air Quality.....................................................................................................................................10 Stormwater & Flooding.................................................................................................................11 Wildlife & Recreation...................................................................................................................12 Property Values.............................................................................................................................13 The Multiplier Effect....................................................................................................................14 Wetland Restoration.....................................................................................................................15 What is a Watershed?....................................................................................................................17 The Policy of Wetland Preservation.............................................................................................18 Zoning & Ordinances...................................................................................................................19 Funding Wetland Preservation.....................................................................................................19 How Do Citizens Get Involved?...................................................................................................21 Resources & References...............................................................................................................22 Kid’s Website (CARD)..................................................................................................................23

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This handbook is designed to provide your community with the necessary information to value and protect its wetlands. The loss of wetlands in the American Bottom in Illinois to agricultural or (sub)urban development is staggering. This handbook explains the history of American Bottom wetlands and their role in controlling the ebb & flow of water in our region. Arlington Wetlands, a restored 83-acre wetland in Pontoon Beach is the showcase project for this handbook. By using this remnant oxbow wetland as an interactive illustration, we hope to showcase natural wetlands’ multitude of benefits as well as restore, interpret and preserve a piece of our regional history. Wetlands and watersheds are explained in the most basic terms to give an understanding of how the American Bottom is affected by and affects the lifestyles of residents in your community. Wetlands provide numerous values, such as stormwater management, flood control, enhanced air quality, and improved quality of life for your residents. Using mechanisms outlined in this handbook to protect wetlands, your community may reap these benefits and avoid the costly challenges that wetland development implies. This handbook is a guide to protecting your community’s “liquid assets”. While developed for the American Bottom, the general principles outlined here offer significant benefits for watersheds throughout the State of Illinois.

WHAT IS A WETLAND? To fully understand the value wetlands provide to communities, it is important to understand how they work. Many times, wetlands are criticized as “swamps” with rotting vegetation and swarms of mosquitoes. A healthy wetland is none of these things. Healthy wetlands are attractive, functioning ecosystems capable of housing a vast variety of plants and animals, all the while cleaning our stormwater and the air we breathe and recharging our groundwater. Simply put, wetlands are areas where water covers the soil, or is near the surface of the soil during all or part of the year. This presence of water fosters the development of characteristic wetland soils - the real backbone and workhorse of the wetland ecosystem. These special soils attract aquatic and terrestrial species not found in other areas.

“Wetland SOILS are the real backbone and workhorse of the wetland ecosystem.”

A wetland ecosystem consists of 3 basic rings: Upland, Riparian and Aquatic (see graphic below). Upland wooded areas are dominated by hardwood tree species and/ or woody vines. Riparian areas consist of wet prairies or grasslands and can be dry or saturated depending on the wetland. The aquatic ring is the open water portion of the wetland. The boundaries between each ring are not well defined, with soil type and elevation determining which areas can sustain unique vegetation and which hold water most consistently. Recognizing that wetlands are more than just their aquatic areas is the first key to realizing their full potential for community development. The outer dry rings cannot be taken for granted as unnecessary - they serve as the floodplain for the wetland. To maximize the benefits of your wetlands, plan your land uses accordingly. For example, filling in or moving wetlands is not the smartest, “best use” decision. Those special soils described above? They can take years to develop and are not easily recreated under any condition.

You should treat any existing, functioning wetlands as the crown jewels of your municipal stormwater system. 6

Liquid Assets: Realizing the Value of Your Community’s Wetlands

THE AMERICAN BOTTOM

American Bottom

The American Bottom in Illinois is the floodplain of the Mississippi River, extending from Alton, Illinois in the north to the mouth of the Kaskaskia River in the south. Since Euro-American settlement of the American Bottom in the early 1800s, there has been significant modification to the landscape of this region. Wetlands once comprised ~35% of the American Bottom. Contained within a ridge and swale complex, the wetlands provided habitat to an extremely wide diversity of plant and animal species (see map of American Bottom ca. 1800 at left). Recognizing the fertility of the soil, settlers quickly tiled, drained, leveed and leveled much of the original landscape for agricultural purposes. Today, the resulting landscape reflects a generally dysfunctional natural hydrologic system, represented by canals, isolated wetlands and eroding streambanks. Interior flooding has become increasingly prevalent in the American Bottom over the past two decades. This has been exacerbated through the loss or degradation of wetlands and natural stream corridors, as well as the increase in impervious surfaces in rapidly expanding communities.

The American Bottom was once comprised of 35% wetlands. 85% of those wetlands have been drained, tiled and leveled. Despite a massive effort during the past 100+ years to prevent flooding through levees, average annual flood damage in the Mississippi Basin has increased 140%4. These “flood control” measures actually increase river stage and velocity. A flood management strategy that incorporates wetland preservation to hold precipitation where it falls and store flood waters is a smart strategy.

According to the National Flood Insurance Program, from 2002–2006, insured flood losses in Illinois totaled more than $16.7 million5. www.HeartLandsConservancy.org

UNDERSTANDING YOUR LIQUID ASSETS As you can see in the map below, Illinois has lost the majority of its wetlands. When wetlands are lost to agricultural, industrial or urban development, the critical benefits they provide are also lost. Though wetland loss in our region is high, important areas still exist that can provide the many values wetlands afford. It is imperative to restore wetlands in areas where doing so is feasible and, more simply, to protect those wetlands that remain natural and unaltered. The most common value associated with wetland preservation is improved water quality. While some may associate the term “wetland” with murky water, the truth is that wetlands are excellent at filtering water and removing pollutants before water returns to the water table and, ultimately, the public water supply. Wetlands also filter air and improve air quality. Wetlands act as carbon “sinks;” the water itself and the wetland vegetation actively pull excess carbon from the air creating an atmosphere that is more pleasant and healthier for plants, animals and humans. Wetland preservation can be an inexpensive solution for communities striving to meet air quality standards. Wetlands also relieve community’s flooding issues. Wetlands act as a sponge, absorbing large amounts of overland flow during storm events and hold water when stream and river levels are high. Many plant and animal species depend on the unique habitat that wetlands provide. A consistent source of water throughout the year is important to many bird and reptilian species. The native grasses, plants and trees associated with wetland ecosystems provide food, and wetlands are also a crucial link in travel corridors for migratory birds and larger mammals which travel throughout a greater landscape during their lifetime. Lastly, wetlands contribute to residents’ quality of life. Wetlands provide scenic views and buffer differing land uses. Wetlands are optimal for passive recreation opportunities and are often used for science education and nature studies. Wetlands, like most green spaces, increase property values and meet home buyers’ need for a community that is clean and aesthetically pleasing.

Simply put, protect those wetlands that remain natural and unaltered. 8

Liquid Assets: Realizing the Value of Your Community’s Wetlands

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Most of us don’t think about, or even realize, the amazing variety of services the environment around us provides every day. We call this myriad of benefits on TEEB which we depend “ecosystem services”. FOR WATER AND WETLANDS Ecosystem services range from the obvious–crops, fish, fresh water–to those that are harder to see– erosion regulation, carbon sequestration, and pest control. Whether we find ourselves in the city or a rural area, the ecosystems in which humans live provide goods and services that are very familiar to us, and which we often take2.2 forRange granted. Figure of values of all ecosystem services provided by different types of habitat (Int.$/ha/yr2007/PPP-corrected)6

The graphic at right presents Open oceans (14) a summary of the literature Woodlands (21) on the monetary values of wetlands and other Grasslands (32) ecosystems, showing that Temperate Forest (58) wetland ecosystems can have Rivers and Lakes (15) among the highest values. Tropical Forest (96) Wetland ecosystems can be of particularly high value where Inland wetlands (168) they regulate water quality and Coastal systems (28) flow, such as in the American Coastal wetlands (139) Bottom, thus providing clean Coral reefs (94) water and mitigating natural 1 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 1 000 000 10 000 000 hazards to nearby towns and cities. int.$/ha/y (international $ per hectare per Note: Figure 2.2 shows range and average of total monetary value of the bundle of ecosystem servicesyear) per biome. The total n published value estimates per biome is indicated in brackets; the average value of the value range is indicated as a star sign. Source: de Groot et al. (2012) building on TEEB (2010).

To put this into local perspective, A restored 999-hectare (~404 acre) wetland along the Illinois River could yield a net benefit of 2.1 $1.99 million to the local economy, afterecosystem taking into accountand all functions costs and Table Wetland Ecosystem Services and related structures 6 benefits .

Ecosystem services

Ecosystem structure and function

Coastal protection

Badola and Hussein (2005), Bar Attenuates and/or dissipates waves, buffers (2007), Costanza et al. (2008), D winds Vincent (2009), Bayas et al. (201

Erosion control

Provides sediment stabilisation and soil retention

Sathirathai and Barbier (2001)

Flood protection

Water flow regulation and control

Brouwer and van Elk (2004)

sedimentation, biological productivity

Sikamäki et al. (2012)

WATER QUALITY

Examples of Valuation Studies

1 hectare = 2.47 acres

Degraded water quality can be caused by a wide variety of culprits. Regardless of the source of the Acharya and Barbier (2000, 200 Water supply Groundwater recharge/discharge pollutants, wetlands are built to treat and clean the water they receive. The most difficult kindCrowder of Smith and (2011) pollution to mitigate is “non-point source pollution”, which contaminates our waterways through Provides nutrient and pollution uptake, as Byström (2000), Yang et al. (200 Water purification as retention, particle deposition Jenkins et al. stormwater runoff. Many communities strive well to treat stormwater where it falls, however, that is (2010) not always possible; wetlands are the second line of defense. Jenkins et al. (2010), Generates biogeochemical activity Carbon sequestration

$4,280

$5,189

Maintenance of Climate regulation and stabilisation temperature, precipitation Raw materials and food

= maximum documented value of

Maintains fishing, WATER TREATMENT hunting and foraging

Generates biological productivity Sathirathai and Barbier (2001), I = maximum documented valueand of Braden (2006) and diversity

FRESH WATER SUPPLY

Johnston et al. (2002), Barbier (2 Smith (2007), Aburto-Oropeza e services provided by inland wetlands (2008), (int.$/ha/y) Sanchirico and Mumby (

Provides suitable reproductive habitat and nursery grounds, sheltered living space

activities services provided by inland wetlands (int.$/ha/y)

www.HeartLandsConservancy.org Tourism, recreation, Provides unique and aesthetic landscape, education and research suitable habitat for diverse fauna and flora

Hammitt et al. (2001), Johnston (2002), Carlsson et al. (2003), Ot et al. (2004), Brouwer and 9Batem (2005), Birol et al. (2006), Birol a

AIR QUALITY Southwestern Illinois is home to the second highest amount of carcinogens in the US EPA’s NationalScale Air Toxics Assessment. The State of Illinois ranks 7th overall in total greenhouse gas emissions, contributing 4% of the total US greenhouse gas emissions (An Inventory and Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in America’s Heartland, World Resources Institute). Wetland protection and restoration are valuable tools in combating both an influx of greenhouse gases and impaired air quality. Wetlands improve air quality through carbon sequestration. Wetland plants pull carbon from the atmosphere and, in return, release oxygen. Carbon is stored in the living plants as well as in preserved plant biomass called peat (see graphic below). Filling, clearing, and draining wetlands results in Some carbon is lost back to the atmosphere Sequestration a release of carbon through respiration. The rest is stored in the Carbon dioxide in the leaves, branches and roots of the plants. atmosphere is taken into the atmosphere, in by trees and plants providing further reason during the process of to protect wetland photosynthesis ecosystems. In addition to the benefits of the aquatic species within American Bottom wetlands, they are also ideal habitat for Bottomland Hardwood habitat.noaa.gov Storage Forests, another rapidly Dead leaves, branches and roots containing carbon are buried declining habitat. in the soil, which is frequently, if not always, covered with tidal/flood Each acre of growing waters. This oxygen-poor environment causes very slow breakdown of the plant materials, resulting in significant carbon storage. bottomland hardwood forests will sequester 2,566 pounds of carbon each year, according to R. A. Birdsey in 1996 for American Forests. An example of the economic impact of this invisible work? A study of Chicago’s air quality concluded that the city’s trees alone produced $9.2 million (1994 dollars) worth of air quality improvements in just one year. Another important consideration and benefit from clean air is, of course, health. A March 2011 peer reviewed EPA analysis shows that the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 prevented more than 160,000 premature deaths in 2010 and will prevent an estimated 230,000 deaths in 20208.

Businesses and the economy directly benefit from the prevention of 17 million work days lost in 2020 due to poor air quality8. 10

Liquid Assets: Realizing the Value of Your Community’s Wetlands

STORMWATER & FLOODING Their low topographic position relative to uplands allows wetlands to store and slowly release surface runoff, including flood waters. They accomplish this in two ways: by slowing and storing excess runoff. Trees and other wetland vegetation impede the movement of runoff and distribute it slowly and more evenly over the floodplain. In large rain events, highly functioning wetlands can hold up to five times the amount of peak flow that would otherwise become flood waters. This combined water storage and slowing action lowers flood heights and reduces erosion downstream and on 55% evapotranspiration adjacent lands. It also helps reduce 39% evapotranspiration floods overall and can prevent waterlogging of agricultural lands. Wetlands 50% 10% runoff within and downstream of urban areas runoff are particularly valuable in this regard, counteracting the greatly increased rate 8% shallow 32% shallow infiltration infiltration 3% deep 3% deep and volume of surface-water runoff from infiltration infiltration pavement and buildings (see graphic). The Mississippi River’s bottomland hardwood-riparian wetlands once stored at least 60 days of floodwater. They now store only 12 days of floodwater because most have been filled, leveed, or drained1. A historic example: A “damages-avoided approach” was used to estimate the economic costs and benefits of wetlands preservation in the Charles River basin10. It was estimated that the loss of 8,442 acres of wetlands within the Charles River system would result in annual flood damages of over $17 million. For this reason, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers elected to preserve the wetlands rather than to construct extensive flood control structures. The Corps set out to acquire some 8,500 acres of wetlands in the Charles River drainage, completing this ambitious acquisition program in 198411.

$4,430

$9,369

MODERATION OF EXTREME EVENTS

REGULATION OF WATER FLOWS

= maximum documented value of

services provided by inland wetlands (int.$/ha/y)

www.HeartLandsConservancy.org

WILDLIFE & RECREATION Wetlands can be thought of as “biological supermarkets”. They produce great quantities of food that attract many animal species. Some animals consume above-ground live vegetation while others utilize the dead plant leaves and stems, which break down in the water. Some fish and wildlife live in wetlands for their entire lives, others require wetland habitat for only part of their life cycle. Wetlands provide important seasonal habitats, where food, water, and cover are plentiful. Migratory waterfowl, including ducks, geese, and swans, use wetlands as resting, feeding, breeding, or nesting grounds for at least part of the year. Ornate Box Turtle (Kim Roman) The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that up to 43% of the federally threatened and endangered species rely on wetlands for their survival, such as the Ornate Box Turtle, listed as threatened by the State of Illinois. Public lands used for conservation instead of industrial development purposes are correlated with longer-term and more sustained economic growth, and high-amenity counties have three-times the rate of job growth than low-amenity counties. Businesses frequently move to these high-amenity areas because of their scenic beauty and environmental quality7.

In 1996 dollars, the recreational value of wetlands was $9 - $115 per acre per year. Arlington Wetlands, at 83-acres, can provide $1,092 - $13,944 in recreation benefits in today’s (2012) dollars11. Nature-related recreation is the fastest growing activity of the tourism industry – with an annual increase of about 30% since 1987, illustrating that Americans enjoy observing and photographing wildlife. Annually, wildlife viewers spend about $1,427,474 per year on food, transportation, equipment, and other costs in the state of Special thanks Illinois. Much of this nature-based tourism to Hutchinson involves birds, many of which are wetlandRecreation & Design dependent. Birding has increased more quickly and Team Reil for than other outdoor recreation activities, supplying the 500’ including skiing and golf. floating boardwalk at Arlington Wetlands. The recreational benefits associated with wetlands, of course, also serve to educate. Schools can use these valuable ecosystems as outdoor laboratories, giving students a hands on understanding of biodiversity and plantanimal interactions. 12

Liquid Assets: Realizing the Value of Your Community’s Wetlands

PROPERTY VALUES According to real estate reports (Representing Property with Wetlands and Riparian Areas, Montana Watercourse), property near open water is worth more and sells more quickly than other property. In academic studies, proximity to a protected riparian corridor increase a home’s value anywhere from 6% (Colby and Wishart, 2002) to 32% (Frost and Sternberg, 1992). People are willing to pay more for homes near protected wetland areas when they realize the benefits such as flood protection, erosion control, and aesthetic appeal. For communities as a whole, wetlands are important in protecting water quality and reducing the need for costly water treatment facilities that are sometimes associated with increased population and home construction/ownership. Home values increased in the Chesapeake Bay 1.5 percent for every 100 fecal coliform counts removed per 100mL of water, and in the St. Mary’s watershed in Maryland home values decreased $1,086 for every milligram per liter increase in total suspended solids and $17,642 for every milligram per liter increase in dissolved inorganic nitrogen7.

When located near a protected riparian area, such as a wetland, a home’s value can increase 6-32%.

Homes in Prairie Crossing (Grayslake, IL) www.HeartLandsConservancy.org

THE MULTIPLIER EFFECT Wetlands alone are not the answer to a community’s issues with water quality, air quality or flood protection. There are other forms of “green infrastructure” that a community can adopt to augment wetland functions and values. By extending the mindset of wetlands-as-asset throughout your community’s infrastructure and open space network, the benefits outlined in this handbook can increase exponentially. Rain gardens and vegetated swales are practices that replace concrete infrastructure with pleasing, low maintenance native vegetation to direct and absorb water from parking lots, subdivisions and along roadways. Filter strips or riparian buffers along streams decrease or even prevent streambank erosion, improve water quality and provide aesthetic and recreation values.

Cross-section of a vegetated swale (extension.oregonstate.edu) Permeable parking lots reduce stormwater volume flowing to receiving waters, slow the velocity of stormwater to receiving waters, improve water quality by removing solids and other contaminants, and help reduce urban heat island effects that occur with conventional parking lots. A permeable parking lot is a porous, gap-graded, parking lot, with reduced sand or fines in between the pavers, which allows water to more easily drain through. While permeable parking lots and drives are less common at this time, the success of demonstration sites, such as the Arlington Wetlands parking lot, will promote the environmental and economic effectiveness of using permeable surfaces. Using green infrastructure, such as vegetated swales and permeable parking lots, multiplies the advantageous effects of protecting your community’s wetlands. Using these practices in tandem will dramatically increase the quality of natural resources in your We would like to thank Kirchner Block and Brick, a division of Midwest Products community. Group, for providing the Aqua-Bric paving blocks used in the Arlington Wetlands parking lot. For more information on permeable pavers for residential or commercial Contact HeartLands uses, visit http://www.mpgblock.com. Conservancy for more information on these practices and other green infrastructure practices that work in tandem with wetlands. 14

Liquid Assets: Realizing the Value of Your Community’s Wetlands

WETLAND RESTORATION Throughout this handbook, the benefits of wetland preservation have been explained and encouraged. However, preservation is no longer possible in many locations. While the rate of wetland loss in Illinois continues, efforts at conserving and restoring wetlands throughout the nation have resulted in valuable outcomes. We can learn from these success stories. Species that were rarely sighted have become more prolific following habitat restoration. Wood ducks are a prime example of a species saved through wetland protection. Considered a beautiful animal and popular game bird, wood duck populations dwindled in the late 19th and early 20th century. Wetland conservation efforts provided these birds the areas necessary to stabilize and increase their populations. The Bald Eagle, our national symbol, was also near extinction at one time in part from lack of habitat. The restoration of wetlands was a key component in the recovery of the bald eagle. Erosion costs the U.S. economy $63 billion per year, and the restoration of cropland and rangeland to prevent this erosion would immediately yield a positive return on investment, with an estimated $7.52 in costs averted for every dollar invested in erosion prevention7. Watershed restoration can also have positive economic impacts on cities and counties. Much like infrastructure development, which consistently yields a positive Return-On-Investment, watershed restoration can create long-term benefits to communities such as population growth and business creation because of increased natural amenities7.

Invest in YOUR nature: The restoration of cropland and rangeland to incorporate wetlands saves $7.52 in erosion costs for every dollar invested. Great Blue Heron(Kara Pritchard)

www.HeartLandsConservancy.org

St. Augustine

Major Watersheds of Illinois

Hanover

Thomson !

ADAMS

MISS

Illinois State Water Survey

Lyndon

91º

ISS

! East ! Moline

El Dara! Alpha

Windsor !

North Henderson !

Alexis

Henderson

Gladstone

Roseville

Stronghurst Lomax

! Prairie

Pontoosuc Blandinsville

La Harpe

Good Hope

Bardolph !

Ferris

Macomb

MCDONOUGH

Carthage !

Elvaston

! Warsaw

La Moine

! Bentley

Basco !

HANCOCK

Plymouth !

West Point !

Communities

MISS

ADAMS

BROWN

Camp Point

Clayton

Mound Station

Ripley !

Middletown !

Sangamon

MENARD

Petersburg !

Kenney

Athens

Williamsville

This map illustrates general boundaries of major watersheds of Illinois Illinois.River A watershed, or drainage basin, in this context is the land Valley area that drains directly to a common stream, river, or lake. Watershed boundaries shown on thisMORGAN map were drawn from land surface topographic mapping; map features are accurate only to the SCOTT PIKE scale of the source mapping. Additionally, artificialSANGAMON drainage structures such as canals may convey water across topographic watershed boundaries in some areas (not all shown on this map).

ISS

! Florence

IV E

Pleasant Hill Nebo !

Manchester

Scottville

Divernon

Standard ! City Waggoner !

Hettick

Harvel

Carlinville !

Butler

Fidelity

Hardin !

Batchtown

Shipman

Jerseyville

Fieldon

! Brighton

Otterville

! Litchfield ! Schram City Hillsboro ! East Gillespie Royal ! ! Taylor Lakes Gillespie ! Fillmore Eagarville Springs ! ! Benld ! ! ! Coffeen ! Mount ! ! Walshville Dorchester Olive Panama ! ! ! Bunker Hill Staunton Donnellson !

Brussels

Mason !

St. Peter !

BOND

MADISON

Breese

Trenton

Venedy !

St. Libory

Map compiled by Sally McConkey, Kathy Brown, and Phil Graff.

Maeystown !

MONROE !

Oakdale Du Bois

Prairie du Rocher

! Sparta

! Evansville

Pinckneyville !

RANDOLPH

Percy Steeleville ! !

Ellis Grove

38º

http://www.isws.illinois.edu 217-244-5459

! Cutler

North City

West ! Frankfort Freeman Spur

De Soto

!Gorham

Carbondale

! Goreville

Cache

! Jonesboro ! Anna

Mill Creek

Dongola !

Cypress

! Thebes

PULASKI

Olmsted

Pulaski

Joppa

Mound City

37º

Karnak New Grand Chain !

Olmsted

Pulaski

Joppa

Mounds !

IO RIVE

Rosiclare

IO RIV

River Valley

Metropolis ! Brookport Hamletsburg ! !

ER 37º

Cairo

Ohio

89º

Cave-InRock !

Liquid Assets: Realizing the Value of Your Community’s Wetlands

Hydrologic Unit and Watershed Boundaries: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Cartography and Geospatial Center, 2009. Scale 1:24,000. Major Rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Line Graph file, Hydrography layer, 1980-1986. Scale 1:250,000 Lakes: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, 1996. Scale 1:100,000. Communities: Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Illinois Geographic Information System, 1996. Point locations are approximately the center of the community.

MAP SERIES 2000-01 Revised 01/11

Ohio

River Valley !

R 37º

Cairo

Metropolis ! Brookport Hamletsburg

37º

MASSAC

MODIFIED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM THEMES

MASSAC

Miles

Old 88º Shawneetown

Golconda !

Karnak New Grand Chain

Mounds

Elizabethtown

POPE

Belknap ! Ullin

HARDIN

Simpson

Scale 1:720,000

POPE

89º

Eddyville

Olive Branch

PULASKI

! Stonefort

JOHNSON

East Cape

Tamms !

Mound City

Shawneetown

SALINE

Junction

Eddyville !

Simpson

Belknap ! Ullin

New Burnside

! Buncombe

ALEXANDER

Cypress

! Alto Pass

Cobden !

UNION

! Girardeau

Creal Springs

Equality

! Carrier Mills

University of Illinois http://www.illinois.edu

Harrisburg !

Marion

WILLIAMSON

Dongola

GALLATIN

Makanda

38º

! Thebes

New Burnside

JOHNSON

Ridgway

Muddy

! Spillertown

JACKSON

Grand Tower

Eldorado

Energy

Crainville

Raleigh

Cambria

! ! Omaha

Galatia

Johnston City

Herrin

Broughton

! Goreville

Cache

! Buncombe

ALEXANDER

New Haven

Maunie

Saline

Rockwood

Murphysboro

Orient

Zeigler Royalton !

Elkville

Ava !

Scale 1:720,00090º

Dowell

Vergennes

Carmi !

SALINE ! Stonefort

Alto Pass

Mill Creek

East Cape ! Girardeau

! Hanaford Thompsonville

Phillipstown

West City

Christopher

! Campbell Hill

! Chester

McLeansboro

Macedonia

FRANKLIN

Valier

Du Quoin !

Enfield

! Carrier Mills

Creal Springs

! Jonesboro ! Anna

Kaskaskia

Ewing

! Willisville

Miles

Illinois State Water Survey

Sesser

PERRY

Makanda

UNION

WHITE

Marion

WILLIAMSON

Keensburg

Crossville

HAMILTON

Harrisburg !

Burnt Prairie

Springerton !

Muddy

! Spillertown

Mount ! CarmelCobden !

Belle Prairie City

Ina

WABASH !

Bellmont !

Browns

Grayville

Dahlgren

Tamaroa

Mill Shoals

Bonnie

Big Muddy

Belle Rive

! Ruma

Bone Gap Albion !

Allendale

EDWARDS Golden Gate

Crainville

St. Francisville

Fairfield

Wayne City

Waltonville

Tilden ! Coulterville!

JEFFERSON

Baldwin

Keenes

Bluford

Mount Vernon

Woodlawn !

! Salem

Mount Erie

Richview

River Valley

Grand Tower West

Eldo

Energy

Bridgeport Carbondale

Raleigh

Johnston City

Cambria

! !

!Gorham

! Sims

Sumner

Galatia

Herrin

Lawrenceville

Brough

West Frankfort Freeman Spur !

DeRussellville Soto !

JACKSON Wabash

Calhoun

WAYNE

Parkersburg

Jeffersonville ! Dix

Irvington

Noble

! Cisne

Johnsonville

! Kell

Walnut Hill

Hoyleton

Nashville

Ashley

Marissa Red Bud

Fults

Little Wabash

Xenia

Iuka

Salem

New Minden

WASHINGTON Addieville

! Lenzburg

MARION

Claremont

RICHLAND

Wamac

Okawville

On this map, shades of blue and green indicate watersheds in the Upper Mississippi River basin. Watersheds shown in shades of green are located in the Illinois River basin. Shades of yellow and brown indicate watersheds in the Ohio River basin. The Cache River drains to both the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. Land draining to Lake Michigan (Great Lakes basin) is shaded pink. (Drainage in Chicago/Calumet watershed area is engineered to flow to the Illinois River basin under most circumstances.) Communities are displayed on this map as space allowed.

Central ! City

Hoffman !

Bartelso

Olney

Saline

! Hanaford Thompsonville

Birds !

Murphysboro

West City

Orient

Zeigler Royalton !

LAWRENCE

! Junction City

Dowell

Elkville Flat Rock

Sailor Springs

Alma

! Sandoval

! Huey

Damiansville

New Baden

! !

Carlyle !

Aviston Germantown

Rockwood

CLAY Louisville !

Christopher

Vergennes

North 39º City

Palestine

Ava !

CLINTON

East St. Washington Park This map illustrates general boundaries of major watersheds of Louis Caseyville Lebanon O'Fallon Illinois. A watershed, or drainage basin, in this context is the land Centreville Cahokia Survey Shiloh area that drains directly to a common stream, river, or lake. Illinois State Water Swansea http://www.isws.illinois.edu Mascoutah Belleville Watershed boundaries shown on this map were drawn from land Millstadt 217-244-5459 surface topographic mapping; map features are accurate only to the ST. CLAIR Columbia scale of the source mapping. Additionally, artificial drainage Smithton Freeburg University of Illinois Fayetteville structures such as canals may convey water across topographic Waterloo watershed boundaries in some areas (not all shown on this map). http://www.illinois.edu New Athens Hecker

90º

Kinmundy

Stoy

McLeansboro

Macedonia !

FRANKLIN

Valier !

Robinson

Oblong

Ste. Marie

Iola

Farina !

Map compiled by Sally McConkey, Kathy Brown, and Phil Graff. Lakes > 50 acres

! Chester

Edgewood !

! Mulberry Grove Worden Old Ripley ! Bethalto East Greenville ! ! Alton ! Rosewood Heights ! ! ! ! Smithboro Pittsburg Hamel ! Alhambra ! Wood River Grantfork ! Roxana ! ! Edwardsville ! Hartford ! Pocahontas ! Vernon ! Glen Pierron ! Marine Carbon Keyesport ! Pontoon ! ! ! Beach ! Patoka ! ! Highland ! Maryville Troy St. Jacob ! Granite City ! Madison Collinsville

! CampbellCRAWFORD Hill

Alton !

Major Rivers

Sprin

HAMILTON

Ewing

Hutsonville

Newton

Kaskaskia

Ina

Du Quoin !

Willisville Willow Hill

Wheeler

Brownstown Vandalia

Sesser

PERRY

Pinckneyville !

! Cutler

JASPER !

Dieterich

Yale

Belle Prairie

Dahlgren

Tamaroa

Rose Hill

! Percy Steeleville ! !

! Watson

St. Elmo

! !

! Hidalgo

! EFFINGHAM

Altamont

FAYETTE

Sorento

Montrose

Teutopolis

RANDOLPH Effingham Ellis Grove

38º

Big Muddy

Wayne City

Belle Rive

Bonnie

CLARK

Embarras

! Sims

Waltonville

Keenes

Bluford

JEFFERSON

Du Bois

Martinsville ! Casey

WAY

Mount Vernon

Woodlawn !

Ashley

Greenup

!Sparta

! Evansville

Prairie du Rocher

New Douglas

Livingston

Jewett !

Jeffe ! Dix

Marshall

Toledo

Sigel

! Ruma

Johnsonville

! Kell

Walnut Hill

! Westfield

Oakdale

CUMBERLAND

Charleston

Tilden ! Coulterville!

Neoga

Littl Waba

Xenia

Iuka

Salem

Richview

Baldwin !

MARION

Vermilion !

! Nashville Grandview

Ashmore

CLAY Louisville !

Alma

Irvington

Kansas

Red Bud

Beecher ! City ! ! Shumway

Ramsey

! Bingham

! Williamson ! !

! Grafton ! Elsah

Redmon

Stewardson !

Cowden Herrick

WASHINGTON Paris

Iola

Farina ! Kinmundy

Wamac

! Addieville

Lerna

! Irving

Medora

Hoffman !

River Valley

Marissa

St. Peter !

Central ! City

New Hoyleton MindenEDGAR

! Oakland

! Mattoon

Strasburg

! Sandoval

Wabash

! Lenzburg

MONROE

!Tower Hill

Mason Edgewood !

! Junction City

! Metcalf

St. Libory

COLES

Fults

! Witt

Chesterfield

Kane

Oconee

Bartelso !

Brocton

Venedy !

! Huey Chrisman

Hume

Okawville !

! New Athens

Hecker

Newman ! !

Hindsboro

Ridge Farm

Humboldt

Windsor !

! Nokomis ! Coalton

Brownstown

Sidell

Carlyle !

! Fayetteville !

Shelbyville !

Maeystown!

Ohlman

Wenonah !

Rockbridge

Carrollton

Hamburg !

! Eldred

Raymond

Greenfield

Kampsville

Freeburg

New

SHELBY Pana

Arcola

Allenville

Findlay ! ! Waterloo

Owaneco

Morrisonville

On this map,CALHOUN shades of blue and green indicate watersheds in the GREENE 91º Upper Mississippi River basin. Watersheds shown in shades of Macoupin MONTGOMERY green are located in the Illinois River basin. Shades of yellow and brown indicate watersheds in the Ohio RiverMACOUPIN basin. The Cache River drains to both the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. Land draining to JERSEY Lake Michigan (Great Lakes basin) is shaded pink. (Drainage in 39º Chicago/Calumet watershed area is engineered to flow to the Illinois Mississippi Kaskaskia River basin under most circumstances.) Communities are displayed River Valley Communitieson this map as space allowed. !

Bethany

! Allerton

Germantown

DOUGLAS Damiansville

Arthur

Sullivan

! !

Farmersville

Nilwood

Kaskaskia

Die

! Watson

St. Elmo

CLINTON Indianola

! Camargo Baden

EFFINGHAM

Altamont

FAYETTE

BOND

Tuscola

MOULTRIE

Smithton !

Assumption

Palmer

Girard !

Vermilion (Wabash Basin)

Mascoutah !

Taylorville

Virden !

Palmyra

Columbia ! Moweaqua

CHRISTIAN

Bulpitt Kincaid

Thayer

Modesto

White Hall

Hillview

Pawnee

Auburn

Waverly

Roodhouse

Wilmington

Pearl

! !

Effingham

Hoopeston

VERMILION

Teutopolis

! Bingham

Rossville

ST. CLAIR

Stonington

Swansea

Belleville

Lovington

Dalton City

Millstadt

Mound

Franklin

! Woodson

Glasgow !

Time

Mount Zion ! Macon

! Blue

Edinburg

Ramsey

Fillmore

! Wellington

Donnellson

Villa Grove ! Aviston

Hammond ! Shiloh Atwood ! ! ! Garrett !

! !

Mount Auburn

Rochester

! Murrayville

Alsey

Milton

Lynnville

! Winchester

Pittsfield

Loami

Long Creek

Mechanicsburg

Southern View Chatham

! New Berlin

Cahokia

Beecher City ! Shumway

! Coffeen

! Rankin

! Broadlands Breese TrentonLongview ! ! !

Lebanon

O'Fallon

Gordo

Sigel

Herrick

! Milford

Panama

Paxton

! Tolono Sadorus Pesotum

Ivesdale

! Cerro

! Centreville

Harristown

Caseyville

Decatur

Louis !

MACON Niantic

Illiopolis

! Buffalo

Dawson

Clear Springfield ! Lake

South ! Jacksonville

El Dara

! Argenta Forsyth Oreana East Bement ! St. Washington Park !

Warrensburg

Spaulding

Riverton !

Berlin

Jacksonville

! Exeter

Detroit

Sherman !

Pleasant Plains

Valley City

New Canton

Bluffs

Naples

Griggsville

New Salem !

Concord

Chapin

Baylis !

Barry

Ashland !

Perry

! Plainville

Cantrall

Arenzville

! Meredosia

Kinderhook

Tallula

Iroquois

! Sorento Ludlow

MADISON

CASS

Broadwell

Greenview

Virginia

Versailles

! Oakford

Chandlerville

! Beardstown

! Mount Sterling

Atlanta

LOGAN

New Holland

Olive

! Springs

! Williamson ! !

Le Roy

! Witt

Woodland

! Loda

Stewardson !

Cowden

Watseka

! Irving

! Walshville

! Elliott

Neoga

! ! ! Vandalia Livingston New Foosland ! Douglas ! Fisher ! Rantoul Bellflower ! Mulberry Grove ! Worden Gifford ! Old Ripley ! Bethalto East Greenville ! ! Alton ! Rosewood Heights ! ! ! Thomasboro ! Farmer City ! Smithboro Pittsburg Hamel ! Alhambra ! ! Wood River Wapella Mansfield ! ! Mahomet Grantfork ! ! De Witt! Roxana CHAMPAIGN ! DE WITT !! Edwardsville ! Royal Hartford Vermilion Danville ! ! Pocahontas ! Vernon Heights ! Muncie Weldon ! Clinton De Land St. Joseph ! !Champaign ! Urbana ! ! ! ! ! ! Glen ! Pierron ! ! Ogden Fithian Oakwood ! ! Central Marine Tilton Park Bondville Carbon Keyesport ! Pontoon ! ! ! Fairmount ! Belgium PIATT ! ! Homer ! Catlin Beach ! Patoka ! ! ! Savoy Highland Sidney ! Maroa ! Maryville ! Monticello Troy 40º Philo ! St. Jacob ! Granite City ! Cisco ! Georgetown ! ! Madison Collinsville ! !

! Lincoln

Liberty

Hull

Dorchester

River Valley

Waynesville

Mason City

Butler

Cissna Park

FORD ! Mount

Gibson City ! Bunker Hill Staunton Saybrook

Ellsworth

Alton !

Lakes > 50 acres !

Melvin

! Eagarville

Oconee

! Nokomis Sheldon ! Coalton !

! Schram City Hillsboro ! ! ! Taylor Buckley

East Gillespie!

Strasburg

Tower Hill

Donovan !

IROQUOIS

Onarga !

Heyworth

Easton

Kilbourne

Benld

Ohlman

Windsor !

Shelbyville !

Wenonah !

! Thawville !

McLean

MASON

! Bath

Arrowsmith!

! Brighton

Downs

! Grafton ! Elsah

MCLEAN

Armington

La Grange

Payson

Brussels

Emden ! San Jose Hartsburg

Browning

! Rushville

Columbus

Delavan

! Bloomington

Astoria

Major Rivers

! Quincy

Havana

Lakes Gillespie Sibley!! Colfax Anchor

Cooksville

Mississippi

Stanford

Minier

Forest City

Topeka

Otterville

Hopedale !

Green Valley

Ipava

Vermont

Littleton

Batchtown

Manito

Liverpool !

Royal

Shipman

Pana

Gilman !

Roberts

SHELBY

41º

Martinton

! Litchfield

Towanda

Normal !

! St. Anne

Chatsworth Piper City

Forrest

Beaverville

Raymond

Owaneco

Allenville

Findlay !

Harvel Ashkum

Sullivan

Assumption

Morrisonville Papineau

Crescent MONTGOMERY City

Strawn MACOUPIN

Cullom

Fairbury

Chenoa

Medora

JERSEY Danvers

Mackinaw

! TAZEWELL

39º

Bryant !

Table Grove

40º

FULTON Lewistown

Golden ! Coatsburg

Dunfermline St. David ! !

Smithfield

! Carlock !

! Chesterfield

Gridley

Jerseyville

Fieldon

Morton Tremont

(Illinois Basin)

Fidelity

Deer ! Creek

Pekin

South ! Pekin

Pontiac

Grant Park

Pembroke

Standard Kempton ! City Waggoner !

Carlinville !

Palmer

Bethany

! Moweaqua

Chebanse

Saunemin

Kane

Arthur

MOULTRIE

Taylorville !

Clifton

Mackinaw

El Paso

! Secor

Eureka

Washington

! Pekin

Kingston Mines

WOODFORD

! East Peoria

Creve Coeur ! Hardin

! North !

Banner

Rockbridge

Panola !

Momence

! Aroma Park

Garre

Mound

Stonington

Bulpitt Kincaid

Herscher

Atwood !

Lovington

Dalton City

! Macon

! Blue

! Beecher

Edinburg

! Bradley ! Kankakee ! Sun River Terrace

Irwin

Vermilion Macoupin

! Flanagan !

Greenfield

Metamora

Bellevue !

Roanoke Carrollton

RiverNorwood Valley!Peoria Hamburg

Glasford Mapleton Canton !

Germantown Hills

Peoria Heights

Norris !

Fairview

SCHUYLER

Mendon

! Eldred

Cuba

Benson

Spring Bay !!

Bartonville !

Camden

La Prairie

Ursa

GREENEMinonk

Kampsville

Illinois

Hanna City !

Marietta

Industry

Loraine

Elmwood

Augusta

Bowen ! Lima !

! Farmersville

Emington

Hettick

LIVINGSTON

Peotone

Bourbonnais

Cabery !

Nilwood !

Rome !

Dunlap

GirardCampus ! !

Palmyra Odell

Dana

Mount Auburn

Monee

KANKAKEE

! Reddick

Buckingham

!Rutland

Washburn

CALHOUN

Brimfield

Bushnell !

Sciota

Toluca

Chillicothe !

Yates City !

London Mills

Ellisville

City

Nauvoo

91º

Hamilton

Williamsfield

Avon

! Virden Dwight !

Modesto

White Hall

Hillview

Princeville

PEORIA

St. Augustine

Raritan !

Dallas City

Varna

South Streator Scottville

Wenona

Hammond

Mount Zion

Kankakee CHRISTIAN

Long Creek

Braidwood Pawnee

Divernon

Harristown

! Essex ! ! Thayer Bonfield South ! ! Wilmington ! Clark City

! Streator !

Roodhouse

Kangley

Braceville ! Gardner !

Gordo

Decatur

City

Mazon

Kinsman

Niantic

Park Chicago Forest ! Heights ! Crete !

! Auburn !

Verona

Waverly ! Ransom !

Maquon !

Abingdon

± !

Media

Magnolia !

Sparland ! !! Lacon

Manchester Lostant !

! Cerro

! Mechanicsburg !

! !

Wilmington Central GRUNDY SANGAMON

Leonore

Channahon ! Elwood

Carbon Hill !

! Murrayville

La Rose !

Spoon

Kirkwood

Biggsville

HENDERSON

Gulf Port !

Nebo

! East Galesburg ! Knoxville

! Monmouth

Hill

KNOX

Galesburg

WARREN

Victoria

! Wataga

Grand Ridge

Tonica

McNabb

Wilmington

MARSHALL Pearl

! Wyoming

! Woodson

Granville

Morris

Franklin

Frankfort !

! Manhattan Southern Rochester View WILL Chatham Symerton

Loami

Seneca

Naplate

Minooka

! New Berlin

Marseilles

Alsey PUTNAM

Glasgow ! Henry !

Pleasant Toulon

Hennepin !

Ottawa !

Salle PeruLynnville ! Utica !

Oglesby !

! Mark Winchester Standard

Milton

STARK

Oneida

Little York

La Fayette

MORGAN

South ! Jacksonville La

Dalzell

! !

Time

Altona

Seatonville

SCOTT

! ! Florence Junction

Bradford !!

Hollowayville Spring Valley ! De Pue ! Bureau

! Buffalo

! !

New Lenox

Ivesd

Bement

MACON

Calumet Illiopolis City

Arbury Hills Dawson Mokena !

! Monticello ! Cisco

! Joliet

Clear Lake

Berlin

LA SALLE Jacksonville

Warrensburg

COOK

Spaulding

Riverton ! Shorewood

PIATT

Argenta Forsyth Oreana

!! Springfield Rockdale

Lisbon

De Land

Oak Lawn

Romeoville !

Newark

Troy Grove

! !

Cicero

Weldon

Clinton Kenney

Lake M i c h i g a n ! Maroa

Chicago

Berwyn

Downers Grove

! Plainfield

KENDALL

Millington ! Sheridan !

Cherry

! Exeter Ladd

Tiskilwa

Detroit

! Malden

Princeton

! Valley City

! Buda

Galva

Seaton

Dover !!

Naples

! Wyanet!

Rio

Pittsfield

Kewanee

Bishop Hill

Woodhull

Mineral

PIKENeponset

Leland

Arlington Chapin

BUREAUBluffs

Earlville

Mendota Concord !

Meredosia La Moille

! Ohio

Sheffield !

Sherman !

Pleasant ! Plains

Broadwell! Oak Park

Williamsville Bolingbrook ! Cantrall

Oswego

! ! Ashland

De Witt

DE WITT

Mansfield ! Mahome

Waynesville

! Elmhurst

Lombard

! Woodridge

Plano ! Yorkville

Sandwich ! Somonauk !

Walnut

Griggsville

New Salem! ! Annawan

New Cambridge Canton

MERCER

41º

Barry

Kinderhook

Andover !

Viola

Keithsburg

! HENRY

Orion

Matherville

Aledo

Baylis !

Paw Paw

Green

Boulder Hill Tallula

Virginia !

Arenzville

Perry

Manlius !

! Geneseo

Sherrard

River Valley

Coal Valley

New Bedford !

Colona Green Rock

Reynolds

Hooppole

! Plainville

Hull

Oak ! Grove

ROCK ISLAND

! Boston

Carbon Cliff

! Milan

Mississippi

! Silvis !

! Moline

Andalusia

River Valley

Liberty

Hampton Payson Rapids City ! Rock Island

West Brooklyn ! Sublette !

Deer ! Grove

Wapella

Des Plaines Sangamon

Athens

Farmer City !

Atlanta

Addison

Chicago/ Calumet

Glenview

Foosl

Bellflower

Wheaton

MENARD Naperville Aurora

Sugar Grove !

Hinckley

Compton

La Grange

Versailles

DUPAGE

Batavia !Greenview

Petersburg !

Waterman

Amboy !

Carol Glendale Stream Heights

Geneva !

Fox

Chandlerville

Lee

Prophetstown Tampico

Hillsdale !

Elburn

Le Roy !

LOGAN

Middletown !

St. Charles !

CASS Shabbona

Arlington Heights ! Mount Hoffman

KANE

Maple Park ! Oakford

LEE

Harmon

Illinois

Erie

! Cordova

Steward

! Beardstown

Sterling

Cortland

DEKALB

Franklin Grove

Nelson

! !

! Falls Mount Rock

Station

Streamwood

Elgin !

Heyworth

Gib

Saybrook

McLean

! ! Prospect Mason Estates ! Des Plaines Skokie City ! ! Elk Grove ! New 42º ! Park ! ! Schaumburg Village Holland Ridge ! Hanover Park ! Lincoln

DeKalb

Malta

Creston

Grove

Ellsworth

Downs

Highland Park

Arrowsmith

MCLEAN

Lake Forest Armington

Vernon

Pingree MASON Grove

Burlington

! Dixon

! Ripley !

Sterling

WHITESIDE Mound

! Quincy

Port Byron !

Joy

! Morrison

! Clayton

Barrington !

Kilbourne

Rochelle ! ! Ashton

BROWN

Camp Point !

! Albany

Columbus

Kingston

Delavan

Hills Emden ! ! San Jose ! Northbrook Buffalo Hartsburg ! Palatine Lake ! Zurich

Carpentersville

Lake Bluff

! Libertyville

! !

Algonquin

Easton ! Gilberts

! Bath

Browning Hillcrest !

! Rushville

Wauconda

Cary

Lake in the Hills

Hampshire

Genoa

OGLE

Rock

Milledgeville !

Havana

Kirkland

Davis Junction

Stillman ! Valley

ForestLake City !

Topeka

Marengo

! Coleta

Coatsburg

!Astoria !

Polo

! Bloomington

Stanford

! North Chicago

Cooksville

Normal !

Danvers

Minier

Grayslake

Green Valley

! Crystal

Belvidere

! Waukegan Hopedale

! LAKE

Manito

Kishwaukee

Lindenhurst

Gurnee !

Valley

Mackinaw

Zion

!Fox Lake

Lake

! Cherry

Byron

Mount ! Morris

Camden

Golden !

Mendon

Ipava

! Morristown

Winthrop Harbor

! !

Lake Michigan Watershed

TAZEWELL

!Wonder

McHenry ! ! Woodstock

Sibley

Colfax Anchor

Towanda !

Tremont ! Antioch South

! Pekin

MCHENRY

Bryant

Grove

Vermont

! Littleton Leaf River

Capron

! Poplar

BOONE ! Liverpool !

SCHUYLER Oregon

! Chadwick

! Rockford !

Winnebago

Machesney Park

! Loves Park Lewistown

Table Grove

Industry

Adeline

Forreston

Mount Carroll

La Prairie

Ursa

Ridott

! Lanark

! Savanna

42º

Loraine

Roscoe FULTON

CARROLL

Augusta

Pecatonica

! Carlock

! Pekin

Kingston Mines

Banner

Dunfermline St. David ! !Harvard

WINNEBAGO

German!Valley

Shannon

Cuba

Smithfield

STEPHENSON

Bowen ! Lima !

Freeport !

Pearl City

Plymouth !

West Point !

40º

New

La Moine

! Bentley

! Basco

HANCOCK

Davis

Stockton

Cedarville

Dakota MCDONOUGH

Elizabeth

Elvaston

! Warsaw

MacombRock City Lena

JOCarthage DAVIESS !

Canton ! ! South Beloit Rockton

Marietta

Durand

Morton

Straw

Deer ! Creek

Pekin 88º

Glasford Mapleton

Bushnell ! Bardolph

Nora

! North !

Orangeville

Winslow

89º

Good Hope

Sciota !

Warren

Norris !

Fairview

Galena

Hamilton !

Apple River

Ferris

Blandinsville

La Harpe

Scales Mound

! Menominee

Fairbury

Chenoa

Gridley

Mackinaw

Nauvoo

Ellisville

City

90º!

! Dubuque

! East Peoria ! Creve Coeur

Bartonville !

Eureka

Bellevue !

! Prairie

Pontoosuc

! East

Hanna City !

Washington

Peoria

London Mills

Norwood

Avon

Raritan !

Lomax

Dallas City

WHAT IS A WATERSHED? A watershed, also known as a drainage basin, is the area of land that drains to a particular body of water. Watersheds often cross city, county, state or even national boundaries. These political and jurisdictional divisions create real challenges in effective watershed planning. A watershed consists of surface water - lakes, streams, reservoirs, and wetlands - and all the underlying ground water. A watershed is defined by high points such as ridges and hilltops. Ridges and hills that separate two watersheds are called the drainage divide. Water hits these high points and flows into smaller streams, then larger streams or bodies of water. Some water infiltrates and flows underground. The water in streams will continue to flow to larger streams, then a major river, and then to the sea.

The land cover and land use within a watershed strongly affects the quality of water within that watershed and the quality of water that is released into rivers. This is why planning for wetland preservation or wetland mitigation within your watershed boundaries is important. Watersheds can be as small as a footprint or large enough to encompass all the land that drains water into the Mississippi River. Smaller watersheds are “nested” within larger watersheds. In the map on the opposite page you can find the watershed where you live (“What is a Watershed?”, U.S. Geological Survey).

For additional guidance, your community may wish to consult the EPA’s “Water Quality Scorecard.” This scorecard offers policy options for protecting and improving water quality across different scales of land use and across multiple municipal departments (see Resources & References). Contact HeartLands Conservancy for help in completing yours. www.HeartLandsConservancy.org

THE POLICY OF WETLAND PRESERVATION The American Planning Association (APA), the national leader in policy, has produced and formally adopted a policy guide for wetlands (see Resources & References). Wetlands, whether preserved or converted, have a significant impact on land use. The policy guide is summarized below. • • • • • • •

Wetlands in their natural state perform ecological functions, which are vitally important to the environment and economic health of the nation and impossible or costly to replace. Wetlands protect the quality of surface waters, provide a natural means of flood control, improve water quality, and are also sources of fish and wildlife habitat. Wetlands need to be recognized as part of a complex, interrelated, hydrologic system. The APA supports legislation and other actions to achieve the goal of no overall net loss of the nation’s remaining wetland resource base. Both conservation and regulatory approaches typically have not been effective in preventing continued, large and small-scale losses. Community and watershed-based planning and other non-regulatory approaches are important in protecting wetlands and other sensitive natural resources. Replacement of existing wetlands should be considered only after avoidance and minimization and only where the wetland function in-kind can be replaced within the same sub-watershed.

“Community and watershed-based planning...are important in protecting wetlands and other sensitive natural resources.” - APA’s Policy Guide on Wetlands POLICY 1. The APA supports a sound compensatory mitigation policy based on science. POLICY 2. The APA supports public-private partnerships to improve wetlands management. Such partnerships should include [the] use of land trusts, conservation easements and the purchase of development rights. POLICY 3. The APA supports Congress amending Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and enacting additional legislation as necessary to address the protection of isolated wetlands. POLICY 4. The APA supports funding and authorizing legislation at all levels of government to establish wetland information clearinghouses. POLICY 5. The APA supports state and federal legislation to provide funding...to research, classify, and map wetlands and their functions, and perfect restoration and mitigation procedures. POLICY 6. The APA supports research and demonstration projects in the utilization of created wetlands as solutions to non-point source water quality problems, including but not limited to stormwater management. POLICY 7. The APA supports efforts for educational and technical assistance programs, for both planning professionals and the general public, on the values of wetlands, and management strategies to protect and enhance wetlands. This would include, but not be limited to, wetlands protection in comprehensive land use planning, zoning, development review processes and performance standards. POLICY 8. The APA supports augmenting the protection provided by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act by enacting state legislation or local ordinances such as providing protection for isolated wetlands and providing incentives to encourage landowners to protect existing wetlands. POLICY 9. The APA supports farm policy legislation that contains provisions that encourage private landowners to protect, conserve, enhance and restore wetlands.

Liquid Assets: Realizing the Value of Your Community’s Wetlands

ZONING & ORDINANCES How can communities create effective local wetland protection programs? APA’s Planning Advisory Service has produced a report and model ordinance that communities can use. The authors also provide examples of local regulations that, while not aimed specifically at wetlands, can be used to protect them from drainage and development. Included in the report is a broad sampling of language gathered from an APA survey of local ordinances that are part of wetland protection programs, along with commentary. Table of Contents: 1. What are wetlands, and why are they important? Why wetlands are important & current status and trends of U.S. wetlands 2. Federal and state regulatory programs Section 404 and Section 10 permits State wetland regulatory programs The takings issue 3. Local wetland regulations Zoning for wetland protection Elements of a wetland protection ordinance Administration of regulations 4. Other types of regulations and protection techniques Floodplain/Subdivision/Sanitary codes and other regulations; other protection techniques

5. A model

United States Environmental Protection non-tidal Agency wetland protection

Office of Water Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds (4502T) ordinance

EPA 843-F-01-002f September 2001

Where Can I Get Funding to Start a Wetland Project?

The Caddo Indian Once you’ve decided to take on a wetland protection, Tribe received a Fiverestoration, or management project, funding may Star Restoration Grant become an issue. Many state, tribal, and local to restore a wetland governments, as well as some well-established non-profit along the Washita organizations, are already familiar with financing River in Oklahoma. Students from the programs and projects. But for many community groups nearby Riverside seeking funds might be a new experience. Indian School, which educates at-risk Native youth from TheAmerican U.S. Environmental Protection Agency a landowners 2-page summary document Wetland any communities and has private efforts to develop “Funding new or enhance existing around the country, are grappling with how to best protect wetland protection, management, and Projects” (see Resources & References). Federal, state and other funding sources are included. are helping to their existing wetland resources or restore some restoration programs (EPA). www.epa.gov/ revegetate the wetland of the thousands of acres the nation has already owow/wetlands/grantguidelines with ecologically and lost. In addition to its federal regulatory role in www.HeartLandsConservancy.org  Five-Star Restoration Program. Through culturally significant protecting wetlands, EPA helps states, tribes, and partner organizations, provides funds to plant species. These

Liquid Assets: Realizing the Value of Your Communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wetlands

HOW DO CITIZENS GET INVOLVED? Everyone has an impact on water quality. While citizen involvement is not always necessary or appropriate there are a number of ways to build citizen support for the protection of wetlands and water resources in your community. • Encourage residents to dispose of trash properly; batteries, pharmaceuticals, oils, and other products can negatively impact water quality if not properly recycled or disposed. Some communities partner with drugstores, law enforcement, and others to host special events where residents can come to dispose of these potentially hazardous items. • It is also important that residents think about their landscaping: native vegetation requires less watering and promotes a healthier ecosystem in your community. • Promote the use of rock or hardwood mulch rather than cypress mulch; the deforestation of cypress trees for mulch is degrading wetlands in the southern United States. • Careful application of fertilizers to lawns and gardens is also important. If leaked into waterways these chemicals can have a hypoxia-like effect on your local streams and lakes. • Use public buildings to set an example of these lawn & garden practices. Youth groups in your community, such as 4-H and scouts, can partner with city personnel to install native plantings at City Hall, the public library or other community buildings. • Allow civic organizations, school groups, or private businesses to “adopt” a stream, wetland or lake. These groups are sometimes called “stream teams” and are helpful is assisting with long-term maintenance of a water body. • Annual clean-up events are another way to integrate residents into the care and maintenance of your community’s water resources. Some communities plan litter pick-up or stream clean-up events in spring around Earth Day (April 22).

www.HeartLandsConservancy.org

Don’t Flush Drugs! 21

RESOURCES & REFERENCES 1. “America’s Wetlands: Our Vital Link Between Land and Water & Wetland Values and Functions”, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/toc.cfm 2. U.S. EPA’s fact-sheet “Funding Wetland Projects” at www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/facts/funding.pdf 3. “What is a Watershed?”,U.S. Geological Survey, visit: ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watershed.html 4. Hey, D. L. and Philippi, N. S. (1995), Flood Reduction through Wetland Restoration: The Upper Mississippi River Basin as a Case History. Restoration Ecology, 3: 4–17. 5. Illinois Flood Fact Sheet - Summer Season 2007: http://www.state.il.us/iema/planning/Documents/Prog_ Flood_FactSheet.pdf 6. Prato, T., & D. Hey (2006, February). Economic analysis of wetland restoration along the Illinois River. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 125-131. 7. Economic Benefits Arising from Watershed Restoration: http://www.wildlandscpr.org/road-riporter/economicbenefits-arising-watershed-restoration 8. The Clean Air Act: Protecting Human Health and the Environment Since 1970 as the US Economy has Grown: http://www.epa.gov/air/sect812/economy.html 9. Birdsey, R.A. (1996) Regional Estimates of Timber Volume and Forest Carbon for Fully Stocked Timberland, Average Management After Final Clearcut Harvest. In Forests and Global Change: Volume 2, Forest Management Opportunities for Mitigating Carbon Emissions, eds. R.N. Sampson and D. Hair, American Forests, Washington, DC. 10. Thibodeau, F.R. and B.D. Ostro. 1981. An Economic Analysis of Wetland Preservation. Journal of Environmental Management, 12:19-30. 11. Leshcine, T. Wellman, K. “The Economic Value of Wetlands: Wetlands’ Role in Flood Protection in Western Washington. ” Washington State Department of Ecology., 1997

Federal Agencies • • •

US Army Corps of Engineers - St. Louis District: www.mvs.usace.army.,il/permits/illinois.htm US Fish & Wildlife Service: ww.fws.gov USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service - Illinois: www.il.nrcs.usda.gov

State Agencies • •

Illinois Department of Natural Resources: www.dnr.state.il.us or (618) 594-3627 Illinois Environmental Protection Agency: www.epa.state.il.us; Bureau of Water: (217) 782-3362

Soil & Water Conservation Districts - Illinois Counties www.aiswcd.org • • • •

Bond County: (618) 644-0555 Clinton County: (618) 526-7919 Madison County: (618) 656-7300 Monroe County: (618) 939-6181

• • •

Randolph County: (618) 443-4381 St. Clair County: (618) 233-5583 Washington County: (618) 327-3078

Nonprofit and Community Organizations • • • •

HeartLands Conservancy: www.HeartLandsConservancy.org Prairie Rivers Network - Illinois Stream Team: www.prairierivers.org The National Great Rivers Research & Education Center: www.ngrrec.org American Planning Association - “Policy Guide on Wetlands”: www.planning.org/policy/guides/adopted/ wetlands Liquid Assets: Realizing the Value of Your Community’s Wetlands

For more information about Arlington Wetlands, visit the Collinsville Area Recreation Districtâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s website at

www. collinsvillerec. com/wetland

- this is a great way to get schoolage kids engaged with wetland education!

www.HeartLandsConservancy.org

Our Mission is to provide leadership and solutions to sustain and enrich the diverse environmental resources of Southwestern Illinois Our Vision is communities with healthy and sustainable air, land and water resources for current and future generations 406 East Main Street Mascoutah, Illinois 62258 www.HeartLandsConservancy.org