SYNERGY: A Collaboration of Collection and Interaction by marybethrobbins

SYNERGY A COLLABORATION OF COLLECTION AND INTERACTION

SYNERGY: A COLLABORATION OF COLLECTION AND INTERACTION Mary Beth Robbins University of Tennessee College of Architecture + Design ARCH 370 Programming for Architectural Design ARCH 371 Programming and Design Professor Nate Imai Fall 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS FRAMING pages: 4 - 7 REFERENCING pages: 8 - 29 LOCATING pages: 30 - 37 SUPPORTING pages: 38 - 53 FORMING pages: 54 - 63 SYNTHESIZING pages: 64 - 91 APPENDIX pages: 92 - 115 REFERENCES pages: 116 - 123

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

FRAMING

SYNERGY There are many different thresholds that begin to define a library and a dormitory. Libraries can simply be described as rows of bookshelves along with study desks. Dormitories can simply be described as bedrooms or small living quarters with an entry from a corridor. Both libraries and dormitories had a simple purpose of “collection”. Libraries were places that collected books and different forms of information, and in a sense, dormitories provided spaces for students to live near the campus of where they studied. As time has passed there is a simple theme that begins to appear frequently among libraries and even student housing, and that is promoting interaction. This is more commonly seen in student dormitories, as it is taboo for dorms to be built now without a “lobby space” or a hangout space on each floor. These lobby spaces often feature couches, chairs, and a television In more contemporary dormitories, many have dining facilities, workout rooms, and recreation rooms, that help students living in the dorms interact with each other. Libraries begin to promote student interaction as well, by providing group study spaces, as well as implementing cafes. On almost every American college campus you’ll likely to find a Starbucks where students line up waiting to get a hot coffee with their friends before heading to a group study room to work on a project. Modern libraries have found it difficult to gain student footprints because not many students use books to study as before. The internet has become a fascination to gaining information quickly. Today you will see more students on their laptop researching than nose deep in books. Now, libraries use creative ways to engage its users to learning new information. These include exhibits and 6

attractions of all topics as well as state of the art technology labs. Not to say that the library is becoming a dying breed trying to reinvent themselves, because those attractions, cafes, and group study rooms can get noisy, so students will reach out to certain parts of the library for quiet study. While libraries may have a primary program of collection, and dormitories have a primary program of interaction, both spaces have elements of both existing within them. You can see it in an almost gradient effect: each room or space has its own “purpose”, but whether it leans purely collective or purely interactive is nearly impossible. Ratios of how the two elements exist in a space vary, but both can be found. For example, a storage room is primarily designed to hold storage, to collect. But, you can have two people in a space at a time. Even though those two people might not say a word to each other, they mentally record that the other person is there, having the tiniest amount of interaction with that person, but still interaction. On the other side of the gradient, a lobby space can be seen as a primarily interactive space. But at the lobby desk, the clerk also holds information, either about the library, the student housing, the area, etc., so the space can be seen as a “collection” of knowledgeable information as well. The relationship between collection and interaction creates a synergy that when working together, become a greater impact than analyzed separately. The learning experience in an educational setting becomes more powerful with this synergy, and the architecture becomes more impactful.

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Picture: Likins student neighborhood at the University of Arizona, where you can see different types of student interaction, like the living room couches, tables, the piano, and the outdoor terrace. Credit: Frank Ooms

FRAMING

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REFERENCING

THE LIBRARY The main purpose of a library is to serve as a catalog and as an archive of information. Since the beginnings of time, this idea of catalog was vital to store information and to refer back to. Over time, libraries begin to shape and form to different ideals, yet not straying far from this idea of catalog. The printing press allowed more books to be printed and more information to be shared. The typewriter also helped with organizing books. In the Library of Congress, you can see a woman reaching for a card from a small drawer. The card has information about what information is collected and where it is stored. The first half of the 20th century began to introduce a new way of cataloging. By 1927, 96% of all American libraries introduced the Dewey Decimal System (Comaromi, Pg. 321). It was not until the 1950s and the 1960s that a new era of technology began to sweep the world on its feet. The growing era of technology has been exponential from then until now, still constantly growing every single day. Fast forward to the 1990s, the World Wide Web has become the new thing. Information can be found almost instantly about anything you can think of. In 1998, the Google search engine was invented, and remains the first go-to internet page today. The internet in exponentially growing, so is our technology. While growth in technology is great in terms of distributing information, it is argued to be harmful to the library. Research papers can be completed with database searches for references instead of spending hours on end flipping through books. Collection is infinitely growing, cataloging is so simple you do not even have to be in the library to find something you need. So how do libraries remain relevant in the 21st century? Rem Koolhaasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Seattle Public Library (2003) perfectly exemplifies 10

this. While there are areas of books and areas to find information, the Seattle Public Library strays away from the idea of gathering information to educating through presentation. The library is interactive, with attractions on each level. It becomes a place to thrive and be entertained while learning at the same time. There is a gradual change seen when looking at the history of the library, and it is how libraries fade from just cataloging to introducing interactive spaces. While the growing of the internet and the Seattle Public Library become the reason for a huge shift in its history, this relation with collection and interaction can be seen early on. Before, libraries used to be just a room with books, and maybe one desk inside. Study desks would be separate from where books are held. The Sainte-Genevieve Library showcases how that trend changes. Thanks to the evergrowing use of cast iron as a tectonic material, the structure of the Sainte-Genevieve Library opens up, to create a singular shared space with numerous desks lined in rows with bookcases along the walls. The storage of books and the study space become one and can be used by hundreds of people at any given time. Having the people study and retrieve books in one singular space allows more people to interact from each other and potentially learn from each other as well. The library has gone through major changes over the generations, but the idea of catalog and sharing information still remain, just through different forms. New forms introduce interaction to the library, which arguably the most important learning tool.

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Picture: The Boston Public Library Credit: Mary Beth Robbins

REFERENCING

THE DORMITORY The dormitory, contrary to the library, focuses its basics into the interaction of its inhabitants. Yet, it did not necessarily start this way. Earlier known sources of the “dormitory” consisted of students living as close as possible to the library. This is seen at the University of Oxford and resulted in students living within close vicinity of each other, but never really interacting. A major contribution to designing student living with the idea of interaction is Thomas Jefferson’s Academic Village at the University of Virginia. Jefferson designed the college to have the library at the center, with different disciplines flanking the sides. The different pavilions represent a different school, and housed classrooms as well as housing for students and professors. The walkways connect each pavilion to create a seamless fluid design. Students and professors living so close to their classrooms and the library allowed everyone of the college to interact with each other. The large grass area in the middle allowed different recreational activities. Jefferson’s design of the academic village is praised still today for the way it promotes student interaction and becomes an inspiration to academic campuses across the country. Shortly after World War II however, we see where the idea of “interaction” is neglected in design, and the need for student housing is not necessarily thought out thoroughly. With the introduction to the G.I. Bill, admissions to universities began to skyrocket. For example, Michigan State University’s campus population grew from 7,500 to 15,000. Housing the students became a huge problem. Though “temporary” the Quonset Hut Village was built to house students, where they were limited to a bunk bed, every other need was communal. It may seem unlivable to the college student now, 12

but most of the men were used to this type of living coming home from the war. The Huts were tight, and little design in them. It became a place where the university can put as many students as they could. Over time the university did expand their living options, but the Quonset Hut Village stood on the campus till the 1980s. This hut village, unintentionally did have a sense of interaction, but not in the best way. Interaction was very straightforward, almost like being in the war again. Today, more students are going to college and admission numbers are higher than before. The total enrollment for the University of Tennessee in 2017 is 28,321 students (US News). Larger student bodies mean that housing facilities become larger. Simmons Hall, the newest of 10 residence halls at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, houses 350 students. The residence hall features single, double, and triple rooms, as well as a plethora of interactive social spaces like theaters, cafes, and a dining hall. Simmons Hall was designed with student interaction in mind, making work and play come together and create an all-around experience for today’s college student. While interaction may not always be the intent of the dormitory, it will exist nonetheless.

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Picture: The inside of one of the temporary housing huts at Michigan State University Credit: Michigan State University Archives

REFERENCING

THE LIBRARY

1600

1800 The Library Of Congress and their system of cataloging with cabnets of cards.

1700

1851 The Sainte-Geneviève Library in Paris. This library showcases the standard plan of desks flanked by shelves of books, but was revolutionary because of it’s cast iron structure, allowing the interior space to be light and continuous.

1800

1927 The Dewey Decimal System in used in about 96% of all American libraries. A new way of cataloging books by genre

2003 Rem Koolhaas’ Seattle Public Library presents the “library” in a new light, focusing on the idea of presentation and interaction than of just a collection of books. The Seattle Public Library has an attraction on each level, and it’s design allows for an experience like no other. 14

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1900

2000

1602

1700

Boleian Library at the University of Oxford. Students began to find housing to live as close as possible to the library.

1800

1822 Thomas Jeffersonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Academic Village at the University of Virginia. Jefferson designs a college that is centered around the library and promotes interaction between students and professors

1900

1946 Michigan State Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Quonset Hut Village provides temporary student housing after World War II

2000

THE DORMATORY

1600

2002 Simmons Hall at MIT becomes a hub for student interaction by providing numerous social spaces including an auditourium, cafe, game room, and a dining hall REFERENCING

CASE STUDY // EMERSON COLLEGE LOS ANGELES The idea of interaction in an educational setting is very present at Emerson College Los Angeles by Morphosis Architects. The building features a strange form in the middle of an outlining cube. The outsides feature student dormitories while in the middle provide classrooms, auditoriums, laboratories, and social spaces. The first floor is a cafe that is open to students, staff, and pedestrians of Sunset boulevard. And finally, three underground levels suit parking for the residents here. Emerson College Los Angeles was built to be a remote campus from the original location in Boston, Massachusetts. The remote campus hosts graduate students and interns of those in film studies and related fields. The box-like feature of this building was designed to look like a â&#x20AC;&#x153;picture frameâ&#x20AC;? with views of the Hollywood sign. The building was also designed to serve as beautiful backdrops for student films, engaging students with the city. Emerson College Los Angeles promotes interaction as a community. Students who live here also study here. Living with classmates provides a sense of community. The classrooms, auditoriums, laboratories, and other educational spaces allow interaction between students and faculty. The cafe allows students, staff, and the public to interact and connect. The outdoor social spaces allows everyone to connect with the form of the building, and its contexts of Los Angeles.

Pictures: Emerson College Los Angeles Images, Renders, Site Context Credit: Morphosis Architects, ArchDaily, DesignBoom 16

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REFERENCING

0 + 371 | Fall 2018 | [Mary Beth Robbins] 18

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00 [ EMERSON COLLEGE LOS ANGELES ]

EMERSON COLLEGE ANGELES Rendered LOS Axon, Threshold Rendered Axon, Interactivity of Figure

[Emerson College Los Angeles], [Morphosis Architects], [Los Angeles, CA], [2014] REFERENCING

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SECTION LOOKING SOUTH

Program distr

SPATIAL ORDER Program distribution and organization, spatial hierarchy, boundaries

01 [ SPATIAL ORDER ]

Program distribution and organization, spatial hierarchy, boundaries

PUBLIC AREAS EDUCATIONAL AREAS RESIDENTIAL/COMMUNAL AREAS PRIVATE AREAS

1” = 25’

[Emerson College Los Angeles], [Morphosis Architects], [Los Angeles, CA], [2014] REFERENCING 21

1 2 3 4

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TECTONIC ORDER 02 [ TECTONIC ORDER ]

Structural to Grid, Relationshop to Program, Relationship Structural Systems,Structural StructuralSystems, Grid, Relationship Program, Relationship of Structure to Skin of Structure to Skin

1” = 50’

REFERENCING

[Emerson College Los Angeles], [Morphosis Architects], [Los Angeles, CA], [2014]

EDUCATIONAL

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DORMATORIES

FORMAL ORDER 03 [ FORMAL ORDER ]

Formal/Geometric Logics Formal//Geometric Logics inin Relation Relation toto Organization, Organization,Context Context + + Site Site

CAFE / PARKING

OUTDOOR SPACE

REFERENCING

[Emerson College Los Angeles], [Morphosis Architects], [Los Angeles, CA], [2014]

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UTK ARCH 370 + 371 | Fall 2018 | [Mary Beth Robbins]

04 [ SEQUENTIAL

Spatial Sequencing in Relation to Programmatic

SEQUENTIAL ORDER Spatial Sequencing in Relation to Programmatic and Site Conditions

REFERENCING

[Emerson College Los Angeles], [Morphosis Architects], [L

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MATERIAL ORDER] 05 [ MATERIAL ORDER Transitions, Transitions, Enclosures, Enclosures, and and Envelope Envelope Systems Systems

1” = 50’

REFERENCING

[Emerson College Los Angeles], [Morphosis Architects], [Los Angeles, CA], [2014]

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LOCATING

CLIENT // LAWSON MCGHEE LIBRARY One of the clients for this new library and student housing facility is the Lawson McGhee Library, also known as the Knox County Public Library. Their current library sits at 500 W. Church Avenue in downtown Knoxville. The Lawson McGhee Library is the main distributing library to all of Knox County, and also hosts the Friends of the Knox County Library. The library was designed by Bruce McCarty who also has notably built other structures around Knoxville such as the Art + Architecture building, the Clarence Brown theatre, and Hodges Library on University of Tennesseeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s campus, as well as the master plan for the 1982 Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Fair Park, the TVA towers downtown, and the expansion of McGhee Tyson Airport. He is known for using materials such as concrete and brick, and also known for open atrium spaces. This project speculates on the future of the Lawson McGhee Library by relocating the main branch from its current location to the intersection of Gay Street and Wall Avenue be more of a technology-focused library, and implement ways of engaging the public of Knoxville more interactively. They have also partnered with the University of Tennessee to house 200 graduate students and interns at the library. The students will not only have the resources of the library first hand, but will also become a resource by participating in an academic work-study program.

Photos: Lawson McGhee Library Credit: Mary Beth Robbins 32

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LOCATING 33

CLIENT // UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HOUSING The University of Tennessee provides 12 different residence halls of three different styles to itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s non-commuter student body. The residence halls fall under Communitystyle, Suite-style, and Apartment-style. The University of Tennessee has constructed four new residence buildings in the past 4 years, including Brown Hall, White Hall, Orange Hall, and most recently Stokely Hall,that opened in the spring of 2017. These new buildings have been the first residence construction on Tennesseeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s campus since the 1970s, and construction still continues with two more dorms currently being built in west campus. The newest open dormitory, Stokely Hall, is located in a central location on campus. The residence building is suite-style and provides private and shared living spaces. Stokely has an attached parking garage behind it, and is only a few minutes walk from Hodges Library, the Student Union, Cumberland Ave., and the Hill. University of Tennessee Housing is looking to further expand living styles for their students, like graduate housing that provides learning resources in downtown Knoxville. The University of Tennessee has partnered with the Lawson McGhee Library to design a more technology-focused, interactive library that will house 200 graduate research students and interns. The prime location at the intersection of Gay Street and Wall Avenue will connect students with historic downtown, while giving downtown a new connection with the university.

A4.14

A4.10

A4.13

Stokely Residence Hall Interior Images and Plan of Level 2 Credit: University of Tennessee Housing 34

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SECON

1/16" = 1'

10 11 12

17 18

30 31

A4.15 1-

268'-8" 15'-4"

26'-0"

22'-0"

26'-0"

22'-0"

42'-0"

22'-0"

26'-0"

15'-4"

1 A5.01

LOW SLOPE ROOF BELOW

2 A6.11

R.D.

TYPE 4D LIVING 234

FEC

CORRIDOR 299F

FEC

2 ELEC 228

STORAGE 231

12'-8"

TYPE 4A.2 LIVING 229

TYPE 4D LIVING 233

2'-0" 12'-8"

TYPE 3A LIVING 237

TYPE 4A.2 LIVING 239

LAUNDRY 223

R.D.

1 A6.13

LOW SLOPE ROOF

NE STAIR 299S6

TRASH 225

CONFERENCE 224

R.D.

CORRIDOR 299H

IT 227

HSK 226

TYPE 3A LIVING 235

FEC

32'-8"

12'-8"

POD 1

2'-0"

LOBBY 299G

STORAGE 232

TYPE 4A.1 LIVING 240

LOW SLOPE ROOF BELOW

R.D. R.D.

TYPE 2B LIVING 222

26'-0"

4 A6.10

TYPE 2A LIVING 221

TYPE 1B LIVING 220

2 FEC

A5.16

ELEV SHAFT 297C

CORRIDOR 299D

30'-8"

ELEV LOBBY 299E

52'-0"

R.D.

9'-11"

10'-8"

13 4

5 A6.10

ELEV SHAFT 297A

10'-8"

R.D.

2 FEC

1 A6.10

14'-0"

LOW SLOPE ROOF

TYPE 2C LIVING 217

A2.21 A2.22

TYPE 2A LIVING 215

TYPE 2B LIVING 216

14'-0"

26'-0"

R.D.

26'-0"

TYPE 1A LIVING 218

3 A6.10

R.D.

CONFERENCE 214

TYPE 3A LIVING 206

SW STAIR 299S4

CORRIDOR 299C

TYPE 3A LIVING 204

TRASH 211

ELEC 210

DN 32'-8"

LAUNDRY 213

HSK 212

12'-8"

TYPE 4A.3 LIVING 202

12'-8"

2'-0" 12'-8"

TYPE 4A.3 LIVING 208

R.D.

A4.18 2'-0"

1 A6.11

2 A6.10

SE STAIR 299S3

IT 209

UP FEC

FEC

CORRIDOR 299A

32'-8"

12'-8"

1 LOW SLOPE ROOF

TYPE 4B LIVING 203

TYPE 4A.4 LIVING 201

ROOF AT ENTRY BELOW

2'-0" 12'-8"

TYPE 4B LIVING 205

2'-0"

TYPE 4A.4 LIVING 207

2'-0"

12'-8"

LOBBY 299B

2'-0"

285'-4"

ROOF AT ENTRY BELOW

TYPE 2C LIVING 219

26'-0"

LOW SLOPE ROOF

A4.17

14'-0"

1 A6.12

R.D.

12'-8"

NW STAIR 299S5

TYPE 3B LIVING 238

TYPE 3B LIVING 236

12'-8"

R.D. TYPE 4A.1 LIVING 230

32'-8"

R.D.

2'-0"

LOW SLOPE ROOF BELOW

2'-0"

12'-8"

2'-0"

ROOF AT ENTRY BELOW

2 A6.12

2 46'-0"

17'-4"

26'-0"

22'-0"

42'-0"

22'-0"

26'-0"

15'-4"

222'-8" 1A4.16 -

ND FLOOR PLAN

'-0"

TRUE NORTH

PROJECT NORTH

LOCATING 35

A4.11 A4.12 A4.10 -

ENVIRONMENT Though Downtown Knoxville holds a lot of history, the cultural demographic shows that Younger Adults (ages 18-39) populate about 63% of the neighborhood (Statistical Atlas). This could be because the University of Tennessee, Knoxville is of walking distance from downtown, and also downtown is full of different hip attractions like restaurants, bars, retail shops, the Tennessee Theatre, the Bijou Theatre, Market Square Farmers market, a sculpture garden, seasonal festivals, and more. Evening and night life become popular downtown because of all the attractions. The city of Knoxville often promotes people to go

downtown by offering a bike-share service, a free trolley, and free parking in garages on weekends and after 6 pm on weekdays. Gay Street is the main street of downtown, hosting the site of this project. The site neighbors buildings that include the Phoenix Building, the Woodruff building, the Farragut Hotel, and the Tennessee Theatre, to name a few. Installing a new library and student housing building to Gay Street would engage the young crowd of downtown, and welcome more opportunities for research and learning.

Age & SexAGE of Downtown Knoxville

Ethnicity ofETHNICITY Downtown Knoxville

Marital Status of Downtown MARITAL STATUSKnoxville

White

18-39 Younger Adult (18-39) 40-64 Older Adult (40-64) 65+ Senior (65+) 0-17 Children (0-17)

Black

Never Married

Hispanic

Married / Divorced / Widowed

Mixed

Divorced / Separated

Asian

Widowed

Other

HouseholdHOUSEHOLD Types of Downtown TYPESKnoxville

Higher Education of Downtown Knoxville HIGHER EDUCATION

Educational Attainment of Downtown Knoxville EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Doctorate Professional One Person

Masters

Higher Degree

Married / Family

Bachelors

HS Diploma

Other

Associates

No HS Diploma

Some College High School and Under

Credit: Statisical Atlas for Downtown Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee (Neighborhood)

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LOCATING

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SUPPORTING

COAT CHECK TECH ONLINE CATALOG PERIODICALS CLOSED STACKS CATALOGING + PROCESSING IT ROOM INTERLIBRARY LOAN SORTING HOMEBOUND SORTING STORAGE FRIENDS OF KCPL STORAGE PANTRY BACK OF HOUSE LOADING DOCK TRASH

STAFF OFFICES ADMIN OFFICES COMPUTER PRINTING STATION MAGAZINES OPEN BOOK STACKS INTERLIBRARY LOAN OFFICE HOMEBOUND OFFICE

AUDIO VIDEO RESTROOMS

COLLECTIVE SUPER DENSE

If both libraries and dormitories have elements of collective and interactive spaces existing within them, that means each space falls to a certain point along the collectiveinteractive gradient. When looking at the required progammatic spaces, there is a common relation between spaces falling closer to the collective end, and those falling closer to the interactive end. This relation is how dense or spatious the programmatic space is. Collective spaces are seen as dense spaces, allowing little room for interaction. In the libraryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s case, closed stacks and the IT room fall closest to the collective end. They exist as rows of data and information.

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GRADIENT OF REQUIRED PROGRAMMATIC SPACES

BOX OFFICE REFERENCE DESK STUDY CARRELS AUDIO + VIDEO DESK PERIODICALS READING ROOM PERIODICALS DESK STUDENT HOUSING ROOMS

LOBBY CAFÃ&#x2030; AUDITOURIUM CIRCULATION DESK CIRCULATION ROOM CONFERENCE ROOM LOBBY / RECEPTION COMMON ROOMS SHARED KITCHEN

FRIENDS OF KCPL SHOP MEETING ROOM

INTERACTIVE SUPER SPACIOUS

On the other side of the gradient, Interactive spaces are seen as very spacious, allowing a great deal of human interaction. Lobbies, common rooms, and shared rooms fall closest to the interactive end because they exist as grand spaces with little interuption inbetween them (such as book stacks, temporary walls, cabnets, etc. but unlike furniture that people can interact with like tables, chairs, bars, and couches.)

SUPPORTING

STAFF OFFICES ADMIN OFFICES COMPUTER PRINTING STATION MAGAZINES OPEN BOOK STACKS INTERLIBRARY LOAN OFFICE HOMEBOUND OFFICE

AUDIO VIDEO RESTROOMS

COLLECTIVE SUPER DENSE

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BOX OFFICE REFERENCE DESK STUDY CARRELS AUDIO + VIDEO DESK PERIODICALS READING ROOM PERIODICALS DESK STUDENT HOUSING ROOMS

LOBBY CAFÃ&#x2030; AUDITOURIUM CIRCULATION DESK CIRCULATION ROOM CONFERENCE ROOM LOBBY / RECEPTION COMMON ROOMS SHARED KITCHEN

FRIENDS OF KCPL SHOP MEETING ROOM

INTERACTIVE SUPER SPACIOUS

SUPPORTING

STAFF OFFICES ADMIN OFFICES COMPUTER PRINTING STATION MAGAZINES OPEN BOOK STACKS INTERLIBRARY LOAN OFFICE HOMEBOUND OFFICE

AUDIO VIDEO RESTROOMS

COLLECTIVE SUPER DENSE

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LOBBY CAFÃ&#x2030; AUDITOURIUM CIRCULATION DESK CIRCULATION ROOM CONFERENCE ROOM LOBBY / RECEPTION COMMON ROOMS SHARED KITCHEN

FRIENDS OF KCPL SHOP MEETING ROOM

INTERACTIVE SUPER SPACIOUS

SUPPORTING

STAFF OFFICES ADMIN OFFICES COMPUTER PRINTING STATION MAGAZINES OPEN BOOK STACKS INTERLIBRARY LOAN OFFICE HOMEBOUND OFFICE

AUDIO VIDEO RESTROOMS

COLLECTIVE SUPER DENSE

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BOX OFFICE REFERENCE DESK STUDY CARRELS AUDIO + VIDEO DESK PERIODICALS READING ROOM PERIODICALS DESK STUDENT HOUSING ROOMS

LOBBY CAFÃ&#x2030; AUDITOURIUM CIRCULATION DESK CIRCULATION ROOM CONFERENCE ROOM LOBBY / RECEPTION COMMON ROOMS SHARED KITCHEN

FRIENDS OF KCPL SHOP MEETING ROOM

INTERACTIVE SUPER SPACIOUS

SUPPORTING

STAFF OFFICES ADMIN OFFICES COMPUTER PRINTING STATION MAGAZINES OPEN BOOK STACKS INTERLIBRARY LOAN OFFICE HOMEBOUND OFFICE

AUDIO VIDEO RESTROOMS

COLLECTIVE SUPER DENSE

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BOX OFFICE REFERENCE DESK STUDY CARRELS AUDIO + VIDEO DESK PERIODICALS READING ROOM PERIODICALS DESK STUDENT HOUSING ROOMS

LOBBY CAFÃ&#x2030; AUDITOURIUM CIRCULATION DESK CIRCULATION ROOM CONFERENCE ROOM LOBBY / RECEPTION COMMON ROOMS SHARED KITCHEN

FRIENDS OF KCPL SHOP MEETING ROOM

INTERACTIVE SUPER SPACIOUS

SUPPORTING

STAFF OFFICES ADMIN OFFICES COMPUTER PRINTING STATION MAGAZINES OPEN BOOK STACKS INTERLIBRARY LOAN OFFICE HOMEBOUND OFFICE

AUDIO VIDEO RESTROOMS

COLLECTIVE SUPER DENSE

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BOX OFFICE REFERENCE DESK STUDY CARRELS AUDIO + VIDEO DESK PERIODICALS READING ROOM PERIODICALS DESK STUDENT HOUSING ROOMS

LOBBY CAFÃ&#x2030; AUDITOURIUM CIRCULATION DESK CIRCULATION ROOM CONFERENCE ROOM LOBBY / RECEPTION COMMON ROOMS SHARED KITCHEN

FRIENDS OF KCPL SHOP MEETING ROOM

INTERACTIVE SUPER SPACIOUS

SUPPORTING

STAFF OFFICES ADMIN OFFICES COMPUTER PRINTING STATION MAGAZINES OPEN BOOK STACKS INTERLIBRARY LOAN OFFICE HOMEBOUND OFFICE

AUDIO VIDEO RESTROOMS

COLLECTIVE SUPER DENSE

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BOX OFFICE REFERENCE DESK STUDY CARRELS AUDIO + VIDEO DESK PERIODICALS READING ROOM PERIODICALS DESK STUDENT HOUSING ROOMS

LOBBY CAFÃ&#x2030; AUDITOURIUM CIRCULATION DESK CIRCULATION ROOM CONFERENCE ROOM LOBBY / RECEPTION COMMON ROOMS SHARED KITCHEN

FRIENDS OF KCPL SHOP MEETING ROOM

INTERACTIVE SUPER SPACIOUS

SUPPORTING

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FORMING

FORMING For forming my initial design, I want to relate it to the gradient comparing collective spaces and interactive spaces. When thinking of ways to lay out my building, I found my self using the gradient vertically, and then flipped on itself, putting both “interactive” ends of the gradient together at the street level, to create this grand lobby space. Even though the student dormitories are more of a seclusive, private space, I wanted to add a giant form of interaction - a large atrium space. This atrium space carves out the central volume of the student dormitory levels, leaving the dorms to be placed around it. This atrium also affects the circulation of the building. There are four stairs located at each corner of the building, and the elevators are at the sides and connect lobby-to-lobby. The library elevator is located to the north and goes from all floors of the library to the dormitory lobby floor. The dormitory library is located to the south and goes from all dormitory floors to the library lobby. Both elevators connect at each of the lobby levels, including the main streetlevel lobby right off Gay Street. These elevators are juxtaposed in a way that promotes interaction between students and the public. If you travel from a dorm level to the library, you will have to get off at either lobby to go on the other elevator to get where you need to go. Just a simple “changing elevators” you interact with more people unknowingly than if you were to travel from top floor to bottom floor in one ride. The street-level lobby is the most powerful space of the building, as it is designed to be the most interactive. The space will contain pedestrians walking off of Gay Street, students returning to their dormitory, and visitors of the library as the “first stop” as they enter the building. The street-level lobby also includes two mezzanine levels that is for group study, and will also house an auditorium. The street-level lobby space is the monumental piece of this design.

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

STUDENT DORMITORY LEVELS

GROUP STUDY MEZZANINE LEVEL // AUDITOURIUM STUDENT DORMITORY LOBBY // SOCIAL SPACE

ENTRY LEVEL LOBBY

LIBRARY STACKS

SECTION WITH GRADIENT 1”=25’

FORMING

CIRCULATION AXON 1”=50’

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

CIRCULATION SECTION 1”=25’

FORMING

GRADIENT MASSING 1”=50’

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SPACE AS SOLID 1”=50’

FORMING

STREET-LEVEL LOBBY SECTION PERSPECTIVE

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

FORMING

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SYNTHESIZING

SYNTHESIZING With further iterations of implementing the gradient in my design intent, I have found it more powerful to show this gradient of spaces in plan rather than in section. This gradient is seen in each of the six types of dormitory / library plans, where the more condensed areas are towards the edges, while the most spacious areas are in the center. In the center of the building is a grand sky atrium that connects from the lobby to the top of the building. The alternating floors of library-dormitory pairings have smaller one-level atriums accompanying them. The alternating of library and dormitory floors are to host information of subjects with their respective residents, so the philosophy majors would live above their connecting library. The large lobby space on the first floor level to Gay street hosts a public cafe and a bookshop, as well as a grand auditorium. The below level connecting to Fire alley hosts the loading dock, storage and closed stacks, as well as the triple height auditorium space. This project is taller than some of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s neighbors on Gay street, and will change Knoxvilleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s skyline, yet the building remains to respect the building facades of Gay street as well. The lobby level along with Library level A and Dormitory level A have a flat, glass curtain wall keeping the street lined, flat facade. Above at level pairings B and C, the floor plates begin to fold in, creating interesting spaces not only on the interior but also reading them on the exterior. Overall, this project was designed to challenge a new way of student living, and a new way of organization of the library.

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SYNTHESIZING

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SYNTHESIZING

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SYNTHESIZING

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SYNTHESIZING

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SYNTHESIZING

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SYNTHESIZING

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SYNTHESIZING

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SYNTHESIZING

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SYNTHESIZING

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SYNTHESIZING

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SYNTHESIZING

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SYNTHESIZING

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

SYNTHESIZING

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

APPENDIX

ARCH 361 - DESIGN RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY The ARCH 361 Design Research in Technology WORKSHOP 1 // BUILDING AND ZONING CODE ENVELOPES class, taught by Professor Ted Shelton and Using AutoDesk Formit to build a maximum envelope Professor Tricia Stuth is deisgned to work alongside according to Building and Zoning Codes of that the ARCH 370 Programming for Architectural address. Design Studio. ARCH 361 provides workshops that go in depth about zoning codes, building codes, WORKSHOP 2 // GREEN BENCHMARKING AND LEED LT LEED Certification and LT Credits, environmental Looking at the given site for the ARCH 370 Studio insolation, and design lighting strategies. The project and examine the site to see how many LEED LT workshops are as follows: credits it recieves. WORKSHOP 3 // SOLAR ENVRONMENT Using AutoDesk Formit to examine the given site (per studio) and examine solar conditions and monthly / yearly insolation. WORKSHOP 4 // LIGHTING INTENTIONS AND STRATEGIES Using renderings and/or photomontaging to create spaces found in the given studio progam and describe the desired lighting condition of each space.

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

Ex. 01 // 2813 E. MAGNOLIA AVE WORKSHOP 1 // EXERCISE 1 Zoning Code

2813 E. Magnolia Ave. Workshop 01 Zoning Code

Mary Beth Robbins

The rst exercise focused on building an envelope for the maximum building area per the zoning code. According to KGIS, the area is a commercial building zone, saying that the front yard should be a minimum 25 feet, the back yard should be a minimum 30 feet (back alley could be counted into the 30 feet calculation), and there was no side yard setbacks. The max lot coverage could not exceed 75% of the lot area. And nally the height regulation could not be higher than 45 feet. The lot on 2813 E. Magnolia Ave is 150 feet by 175 feet. Front and back yard setbacks make those dimensions to 150 feet by 135 feet. The max lot coverage is calculated by the lot dimensions (150x175 = 26,250 sqft) and then multiplied by 0.75 (26,250*0.75 = 19,687.5 sqft). The nal square footage limit is divided by one known side length to achieve the other (19687.5 / 150 = 131.25 feet). Finally, the height is added to create a maximum buildable envelope (45 feet limit). The nal mass has dimensions of 150 feet x 131.25 feet x 45 feet.

45’

15’

0’

175’

15 25’

APPENDIX

Ex. 02 // 413 CLINCH AVE

WORKSHOP 1 // EXERCISE 2

Building Code Workshop 01 Mary Beth Robbins

413 Clinch Ave. Building Code

The second exercise focused on building an envelope for the maximum building area per the building code. The lot was to be used for a Group B ofce building that is a type III A protected construction type. According to the International Building Code, the chart in Chapter 5 section 503 General Building Height and Area Limitations, the maximum area is 28,500 sqft with 5 stories not exceeding a total height of 65 feet.

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

.2’

62’ 118

The lot on 413 Clinch Ave is not perfectly rectangular, but for safety reasons, I go with the smaller dimensions which are 139.77 feet by 118.2 feet. The total area (139.77*118.2) is 16,520.814 sqft, which is under the limit of 28,500 sqft. Typical oor heights were considered for total height area. First story is 14 feet tall, while the other 4 stories are 12 feet tall, making a total story count of 5. The total height (12*4=48+14) is 62 feet, which is under the height limitation of 65 feet. The nal maximum building envelope for this lot is 139.77 feet x 118.2 feet x 62 feet.

139.77’

Ex. 03 // 937 N. CENTRAL ST WORKSHOP 1 // EXERCISE 3 Building and Zoning Codes 937 N. Central St. Workshop 01 Zoning + Building Code Mary Beth Robbins

The third exercise focused on building mass for the maximum building area per the building code and the zoning code. According to KGIS, the area is a commercial C-3 building zone, saying that the front yard should be a minimum 25 feet, the back yard should be a minimum 30 feet, and there was no side yard setbacks. The max lot coverage could not exceed 75% of the lot area. And nally the height regulation could not be higher than 45 feet.

’

150

’

The lot on 937 N. Central St is 125 feet by 150 feet. Front and back yard setbacks make those dimensions to 150 feet by 95 feet (125-25-30=95 feet). The max lot coverage is calculated by the lot dimensions (150x125 = 18,750 sqft) and then multiplied by 0.75 (18,750*0.75 = 14,062.5 sqft). Since the other zoning limitations limit one side to 95 feet, the max square footage of that is (125*95) is 11,875 sqft, which is under the 75% max area coverage. Finally, the height is added to create a maximum buildable envelope (45 feet limit). The nal mass for the zoning code has dimensions of 125 feet x 95 feet x 45 feet.

25’

45’ 125

The lot is going to be used as an apartment building with a oor-to-oor height of 11’-3” for every story. That would make the building type an R-2. The building code, according to the International Building Code Chapter 5 Section 503 says for an R-2 type building, the lest restrictive construction type would be Type IV, meaning a maximum story height of 4, and a maximum building square footage of 20,500.

30’

I used the building code to “double-check” my work, to see if the building code has any regulations stricter than the zoning code. The building code calls for 4 stories at a max of 65 feet in height. Assuming the oor-to-oor height of 11’-3”, I multiply that by 4 for the maximum 4 stories. 11’3”*4=45 feet, which is the same exact height limit from the zoning code. The building code also calls for a max area of 20,500 sqft. The max area via the zoning code was gured out to be 11,875 sqft. Since that square footage is less, it is also acceptable to the building code. The nal envelope for the building is 125 feet x 95 feet x 45 feet.

APPENDIX

WORKSHOP Points Achieved: 0 2 // EXERCISE 1 LEED for Neighborhood Total Points Achieved: 0Development Location

Points Achieved: 0 Total Points Achieved: 0

01 [ LEED for Neighborhood Development Location ]

Green Benchmarking and LEED LT

Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN BD+C Type: New Construction According to the USGBC website, this site is not present on the list of the LEED ND projects or locations. Because of this, it does not recieve credit for the LEED for Neighborhood Development Location section.

UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

Green Benchmarking and LEED LT Assignment 02 Mary Beth Robbins

Points Achieved: 1

Points Achieved: 1 Total Points Achieved: 1 Total Points Achieved: 1

WORKSHOP 2 // EXERCISE 2

02 [ Sensitive Land Protection ] Sensitive Land Protection

Green Benchmarkingand andLEED LEEDLT LT Green Benchmarking Assignment 02 Mary Beth Robbins

Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN BD+C Type: New Construction The location of the site is on S Gay St., and currently serves as a parking lot. The requirements for the Sensitive Land Protection section ask for the footprint of land to be previously developed, and this site has, earning it 1 point.

APPENDIX

WORKSHOP Points Achieved: 1 2 // EXERCISE 3 HighPoints PriorityAchieved: Site Total 2 Green Benchmarking and LEED LT

Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN BD+C Type: New Construction For the reuqirements for High-Priority Site, option 1 says for the site to be located in a historic district. According to KGIS, S Gay St. is part of a histrotic district. This earns the site 1 point.

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Points Achieved: 1 Total Points Achieved: 2

03 [ High-Priority Site] Green Benchmarking and LEED LT Assignment 02 Mary Beth Robbins

Points Achieved: 2

Points 2 4 TotalAchieved: Points Achieved: Total Points Achieved: 4

WORKSHOP 2 // EXERCISE 4

04 [ Surrounding DensitySurrounding and Diverse Uses Density and Diverse Uses ]

Green andand LEEDLEED LT LT GreenBenchmarking Benchmarking

Assignment 02 Mary Beth Robbins

Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN BD+C Type: New Construction For the Surriounding Density and Diverse Uses section, the requirement asks for existing buildings with other diverse uses within a half-mile of the main entrance of the site. 4-7 different uses count for 1 point, and 8 or more counts for 2 points. No more than 2 uses per type may be counted (for example, if there are many resturants around, only 2 will count). For the site, it is near resturants (2), retail spaces (2), ofĹľce buildings (2), and residential buildings (2), adding to 8. Because the site reached at least 8 different diverse uses within a half mile, it achieves 2 points.

Name

Mast General Store Knoxville TVA Employee Credit Union Chivo Taqueria Babalu Robert R. Kurtz Attorney At Law Earth to Old City Marble City Lofts The Holston

Distance

Type

85 feet 98 feet

Retail Office

125 feet 171 feet 285 feet

Restaurant Restaurant Office

0.1 mile 0.1 mile 0.2 mile

Retail Residential Residential

APPENDIX 101

WORKSHOP Points Achieved: 0 2 // EXERCISE 5 Access to Quality Transit4 Total Points Achieved: Green Benchmarking and LEED LT

Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN BD+C Type: New Construction Knoxville Area Transit (KAT) has free trolleys that run MondaySaturday throughout campus to downtown. The Green Line speciĹľcally passes by the site and has a stop right on the corner of the site. The trolley runs every 10 minutes: Mondays - Thursdays 7a-8p, Friday 7a-10p, and Saturdays 9a-10p. That makes for 78 trips daily minimum for weekdays (Mon-Thu 78 trips, Fri 90 trips) and 40 trips on the weekend (40 trips on Sat, no trips on Sun). 78 weekday and 40 weekend daily trips meet the minimum for the Access to Quality Transit section, Table 1 (below). But, the site fails for achieving that point because the requirements also state that the transit must run in both directions, running in a loop does not count. Unfortunately, the KAT Green Line Trolley only travels in a one-directional loop.

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Points Achieved: 0 Total Points Achieved: 4

05 [ Access to Quality Transit ] Green Benchmarking and LEED LT Assignment 02 Mary Beth Robbins

Points Achieved: 1

WORKSHOP 2 // EXERCISE 6

Points 1 5 TotalAchieved: Points Achieved: Total Points Achieved: 5

06 [ Bicycle Facilities ] Bicycle Facilities

Green andand LEED LT LT GreenBenchmarking Benchmarking LEED

Assignment 02 Mary Beth Robbins

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Local Organizations Appalachian Mountain Biking Club www.ambc-sorba.org Promotes trail access and open space conservation, and maintains and builds trails. Bike Walk Knoxville www.bikewalkknox.org A dedicated, regional voice for bicycle and pedestrian advocacy. Foothill Striders www.foothillstriders.org Promotes recreation and health through hiking, biking and running. Jeff Roth Cycling Foundation www.jeffrothcyclingfoundation.org Supports state-wide advocacy, education & outreach through the Tennessee Share the Road license plate. Kickstand www.knoxbikecollective.com Volunteer-run bike collective that hosts regular workshops and events. Knox Revolution Women’s Cycling Club www.knoxrevolution.com Promotes bicycling among women of all ages and abilities. KnoxVelo www.knoxvelo.org Promotes cycling through competitive racing and encourages youth to become involved in cycling as a life-long activity. Recumbent Riders (Knoxville) www.recumbentriders.org Promotes recumbent bicycling for all ages and abilities. Southern Cycling Operations www.southerncycling.com Supports bicycling through tolerance/education, legislation and promotion. Smoky Mountain Wheelmen www.smwbike.org A social & recreational club offering rides for all experience levels.

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Knoxville Bicycle Hospital www.knoxvillebicyclehospital/kbh 619 N. Broadway, 951-0732 River Sports Outﬁtters www.riversportsoutﬁtters.com 2918 Sutherland Ave., 523-0066 TN Valley Bicycles www.tnvalleybikes.com 214 W. Magnolia Ave., 540-9979 UT Outdoor Rec Bikes www.recsports.utk.edu/Programs/Outdoor 2111 Volunteer Blvd. 1st Floor TRECS, 974-9749 West Bicycles www.westbikes.com 11531 Kingston Pike, 671-7591 (county side)

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Bearden Bike & Trail www.beardenbikeandtrail.com 126 N Forest Park Boulevard, 200-8710 Biketopia www.biketopia.com 7328 Norris Freeway, 922-1786 (county side) The Bike Zoo www.bikezoo.com 5020 Whittaker Dr., 558-8455 Cedar Bluﬀ Cycles www.cedarbluﬀcycles.net 9282 Kingston Pike, 692-1010 (county side) Echelon Bicycles www.facebook.com/EchelonBicycles 138 West End Ave., 392-1392 (county side) Emery 5 & 10 www.emory510.com 4014 Chapman Hwy., 579-0510 Fountain City Pedaler www.fcpedaler.com 4620 Old Broadway, Ste 102, 357-1580 Greenlee’s Bike Shop www.greenleebicycle.com 1402 N. Broadway, 522-8228 Harper’s Bike Shop www.harpersbikeshop.com 118 Northshore Rd., 588-5744 Knoxville Bicycle Company www.knoxvillebicycleco.com 10657 Hardin Valley Rd, 240-3499 (county side)

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Knoxville has started to implement more alternate-travel options throughout the city, really emphasizing the use of bicycles. Throughout downtown, there are numerous bike rails for people to lock up their bikes downtown. These bike rails run alongside parking meters at the edge of the sidewalks. There are also bike trails advertised on street signs throughout downtown as well. The newest bicycle system in Knoxville is the Pace bike share. The Pace bike share allows temporary use bikes where you can rent one just by downloading an app and ŵnding the nearest Pace bike station. Pace has many of these bike stations around, including downtown, campus, and fortunately enough, one right across the street from the site, next to the Knoxville Visitors Center. All these provide bike storage and alternative travel options, earning the site 1 point for the Bicycle Facilities section.

Knoxville Bicycle Map

Road Ratings

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APPENDIX 103

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WORKSHOP Points Achieved: 1 2 // EXERCISE 7 Reduced Footprint Total PointsParking Achieved: 6 Green Benchmarking and LEED LT

Points Achieved: 1 Total Points Achieved: 6

07 [ Reduced Parking Footprint ] Green Benchmarking and LEED LT Assignment 02 Mary Beth Robbins

Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN BD+C Type: New Construction The planned program for this site includes a dormatory and a data library for the University of Tennessee. The dormatories will house upperclassmen and potentially graduate students. For “Rental Apartment” in a “College or University Housing District”, the base ratios require 1 space per dwelling unit (DU). Each dwelling unit contains 1 bedroom so there are no additional bedrooms to account for. There is also 0.15 space per dwelling unit for visitors. The planned dormatory is to house 400 students, with indvidual units, making 400 parking spaces. 400 DU * 0.15 gives 60 additional visitor spaces. Since the site earned the point for Surrounding Density and Diversity, the parking may recieve a 40% reduction from the base ratios. The result from the base ratios is 460 spaces. A 40% reduction of 460 leaves 276 spaces for the site, which is achievable, earning the site 1 point.

1 space per 400 units = 400 spaces 400 spaces * 0.15 = 60 visitor spaces + 400 = 460 total spaces 40% reduction LT credit Diverse Uses 460 * 0.40 = 184 spaces reduced 460 - 184 = 276 total spaces 104 UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

Points Achieved: 1

Points Achieved: 1 Total Points Achieved: 7 Total Points Achieved: 7

WORKSHOP 2 // EXERCISE 8

08 [ Green Vehicles ] Green Vehicles

Green Benchmarking Green Benchmarkingand andLEED LEEDLTLT Assignment 02 Mary Beth Robbins

Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN BD+C Type: New Construction For the Green Vehicles credit, 5% of all parking spaces should be used for green vehicles. The green vehicle spaces should be should be placed proportionally among the parking lot/garage. 2% of all parking spaces should provide adaquite charging for electric vehicles. 5% of the total 276 spaces equal 13.8 spaces set aside for green parking. 2% of the total 276 spaces equal 5.52 spaces set aside for electric vehicle charging spots. Since you canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have a 0.8 or a 0.52 of a space, its always safe to round up these numbers so that it is still meeting the requirements. 14 spaces for green vehicles and 6 spaces for electric car charging equals 20 spaces of the total 276 spaces devoted to green parking. Since this is also achivable to the site, it earns 1 point.

5% of parking for Green Vehicles 276 spaces * 0.05 = 13.8 spaces 2% of parking for Electric Vehicle Charging 276 spaces * 0.02 = 5.52 spaces Round up: 13.8 to 14, 5.52 to 6 14 + 6 = 20 spaces to Green Parking

APPENDIX 105

03 [ SOLAR ENVIRONMENT ] WORKSHOP 3 // EXERCISE 1 Solar Environment

Exercise 01 Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN The ŵrst exercise asked to perform a solar analysis on the respective building on the respective site. The site, located on 350 S Gay St, Knoxville, TN, has the rough dimensions of 169’x126’. Knoxville’s zoning code for this site called for a ŵrst story setback of 5’ from the street, and a maximum lot coverage of 95% for 8 Ŷoors. The building will house 200 students with 50 rooms per Ŷoor, plus an additional 4 Ŷoors for the library, making the building roughly 8 Ŷoors tall. This makes the ŵnal envelope to be 169’x114.7’x104’. The Solar Analysis for each month was interesting to look at. In the summer, the most heat gain is on the roof, indicated by the bright yellow color, because the sun in more direct. In the winter most of the heat gain is from the side, since the sun sits lower in the winter and is less direct. The PV panel consisted of a 10’x10’ square on the top of the building oriented to be aligned parallel with North. The PV panel was used to ŵnd how much insolation the panel will receive, and if 16% efŵcient, how much energy it will produce over the course of a year. The analysis of the 10’x10’ square said it gained 1298 kWh per square meter. Since it was in meters, the result had to be converted to feet, making the gain to 120.59 kWh per square foot. Multiplied by 100 (100 sqft in a 10’x10’) the total gained for the 10’x10’ square is 12,059 kWh. Finally, the 12,059 kWh is multiplied by 0.16 for the efŵciency of 16%. The ŵnal number is 1929.44 kWh produced in a typical year of a 10’x10’ PV panel with 16% efŵciency.

Picture 1: June Month Peak Solar Analysis Picture 2: December Month Peak Solar Analysis Picture 3: Year Cumulative Solar Analysis 106 UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

ARCH 361 – Design Research in Technology Mary Beth Robbins

03 [ SOLAR ENVIRONMENT ] ARCH 361 – Design Research in Technology WORKSHOP 3 // EXERCISE 2 Mary Beth Robbins Solar Environment

Exercise 02 Part 1+2 Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN For Exercise 2, I looks at the maximum apertures allowed for each Ŷoor. This only includes the front and rear facades of the building, as most of the sides are covered up by the neighboring building. Of the 12’ typical Ŷoor height, 3’ was taken above the Ŷoor, 1’ from the ceiling, and 2’ from the corners, leaving an opening that is 8’ tall on each Ŷoor. The new building was then placed in the site to analyze sun penetration and windows. As of now, not much light is seen internally due to the position of the site relative to the sun.

Picture 1: June 21 Shadow Analysis Picture 2:September 21 Shadow Analysis Picture 3: December 21 Shadow Analysis APPENDIX 107

03 [ SOLAR ENVIRONMENT ] WORKSHOP 3 // EXERCISE 2 Solar Environment

Exercise 02 Part 3 Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN Part 3 of Exercise 2 asks to study the Solar Analysis of the Ŷoors in the building. Unlike Part 1 and 2, this purely looks at insolation instead of sun penetration. June has a great deal of solar insolation entering the building, interesting enough, more is on the bottom Ŷoors than the top Ŷoors. This pattern is found in December as well as the year cumulative, that the building receives more insolation at the bottom Ŷoors than the top.

Picture 1: June Month Peak Solar Analysis Picture 2: December Month Peak Solar Analysis Picture 3: Year Cumulative Solar Analysis 108 UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

ARCH 361 – Design Research in Technology Mary Beth Robbins

03 [ SOLAR ENVIRONMENT ] ARCH 361 – Design Research in Technology WORKSHOP 3 // EXERCISE 3 Mary Beth Robbins Solar Environment

Exercise 03 Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN A difŵcult thing about this location is that the demands of the site make it difŵcult to adapt to Daylight Design methods. For example, the existing buildings on Gay Street are touching as one continuous row, and are at similar heights. Plus the location is in a historic district, so it would be extremely rude and inconsiderate to Knoxville as a whole to disturb that continuous theme downtown. That doesn’t eliminate every Daylight design method though, it just limits them. Since the buildings are connected together, that only leaves the front and rear facade to add windows, and the roof to add skylights. The Architect’s Studio Companion does mention to design Daylighting early so it can have the most inŶuence, but program and location come before daylight factors. The program is student housing and a library. Because of the student housing part, the area for that program is now more limited to the front and back of the building, because of the requirement for windows in a bedroom. Luckily, libraries and storage don’t require major natural daylight, so it can go to the sides of the building where it butts up to the next. Overall, due to program and site location, the building needs to be heavily reliant on windows on the front and rear facades, as well as skylights or a design on the roof to allow more natural light. In my assumptions, I had 8 Ŷoors for the building height, which is a bit taller than it’s neighboring buildings, so upper levels have more opportunity to add windows to the side facades as well. The results of adding the windows to the sides didn’t change much to the results of the year cumulative solar analysis, but you can see more sunlight entering the upper Ŷoors in the wintertime, and more insolation entering the sides of the top Ŷoor as well.

Picture 1: Year Cumulative Solar Analysis Picture 2: December 21 Shadow Analysis Picture 3: December Solar Analysis APPENDIX 109

WORKSHOP 4 // EXERCISE 1

04 [ LIGHTING INTENTIONS AND STRATEGIES ]

Lighting Intentions + Strategies

Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN Exterior The exterior of the building features lots of windows and light shelves as part of the lighting design. Because this is a residential building, at night the interior illumination will be dim, with bright street lights running along the sidewalk.

110

Picture 1: Exterior, Evening, Sept 21 UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS Picture 2: Exterior, Night, Dec 21

ARCH 361 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Design Research in Technology Mary Beth Robbins

04 [ LIGHTING INTENTIONS AND STRATEGIES ] WORKSHOP 4 // EXERCISE 2 ARCH 361 – Design Research in Technology Lighting Intentions + Strategies Mary Beth Robbins

Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN Dormitory A simple dormitory room features a Ŷoorto-ceiling window with adjustable light shelves. The glass can also be operated to shift opacity for more privacy in the dormitory. At night, the artiŵcial lighting in the room is not harsh, with small lights aligning along the top edges of the room, providing a warm glow to promote a relaxing environment at night time.

Picture 1: Dormitory, Day, Jun 21 Picture 2: Dormitory, Night, Jun 21

APPENDIX 111

WORKSHOP 4 // EXERCISE 3

04 [ LIGHTING INTENTIONS AND STRATEGIES ] ARCH 361 – Design Research in Technology Mary Beth Robbins

Lighting Intentions + Strategies

Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN Cafe The ŵrst Ŷoor will feature a cafe open to students, staff, and pedestrians of Gay Street. The cafe focuses most of its light to be natural light. During the evening hours where its dark outside, smaller lights take place of large, harsh, bright lights to keep a calming atmosphere in the cafe.

112 UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

Picture 1: Cafe, Day, Dec 21 Picture 2: Cafe, Night, Dec 21

04 [ LIGHTING INTENTIONS AND STRATEGIES ] WORKSHOP 4 // EXERCISE 4 ARCH 361 – Design Research in Technology Lighting Intentions + Strategies Mary Beth Robbins

Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN Auditorium / Study Room The auditorium can serve as a place for lectures, speakers, theater performances, concerts, etc. The stage needs to be well lit but the audience can be dim. Rows of lights illuminate the aisle Ŷoors of the auditorium seating for guidance to the seats without distracting too much from the stage. Since daylighting can sometimes be unpredictable and distracting, there is no natural light in this space. Also, performers and speakers might have a need to control lighting for sets or presentations. The study room should be a place of no distraction and quiet. Similar to the dormitory, the study room features a Ŷoorto-ceiling window made of transparent to opaque shifting glass and adjustable light shelves. When the weather is pleasant, the aperture allows lots of natural light in, and if not, the window can close off to prevent the distraction of weather and even just different events going on downtown.

Picture 1: Auditorium Space Picture 2: Study Space, Evening, June 21 APPENDIX 113

04 [ LIGHTING INTENTIONS AND STRATEGIES ] ARCH 361 – Design Research in Technology Mary Beth Robbins

WORKSHOP 4 // EXERCISE 5 Lighting Intentions + Strategies

Site: 350 S Gay St. Knoxville, TN Corridor / Storage To allow maximum light to the dormitories, study rooms, and other program, the corridor will be more inset in the design. There is no real need for natural light in a corridor, so it will be lit with artiŵcial lighting. These smaller artiŵcial lights will align on the top edges of the corridor walls, providing adequate illumination without being harsh. As part of the library, the collective book storage will feature no natural light so that sun rays cannot damage any books. This space will also be well lit to provide reasonable reading light. Smaller lights align in the middle of each aisle of bookshelves.

Picture 1: June Month Peak Solar Analysis Picture 2: December Month Peak Solar Analysis Picture 3: Year Cumulative Solar Analysis 114 UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // FALL 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

APPENDIX 115

116 UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // Fall 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

REFERENCES

REFERENCES 117

REFERENCES “Bellevue College Is Still All About ‘Community’ as It Transitions from Commuter to Residential Campus.” NWACUHO. September 25, 2015. Accessed October 11, 2018. http://nwacuho.org/2015/09/bellevue-college-is-still-all-about-community-as-it-transitions-fromcommuter-to-residential-campus/. Comaromi, John P. The Eighteen Editions of the Dewey Decimal Classification. Albany, N.Y.: Forest Press Division, Lake Placid Education Foundation, 1976. Campion, Steve. “Do We Decimal?” WA-List. December 10, 2011. Accessed October 11, 2018. http://www.wa-list.com/?p=172. Coyle, Karen. “The Evolving Catalog.” American Libraries Magazine. January 4, 2016. Accessed October 11, 2018. https:// americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2016/01/04/cataloging-evolves/. “Downtown Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee (Neighborhood).” The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas. Accessed October 11, 2018. https://statisticalatlas.com/neighborhood/Tennessee/Knoxville/Downtown-Knoxville/Overview. Foskett, Douglas John, Leigh S. Estabrook, Salman Haider, and Frank C. Francis. “Library.” Encyclopædia Britannica. May 12, 2017. Accessed October 11, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/topic/library. Fuhlrott, Rolf., and Dewe, Michael. Library Interior Layout and Design : Proceedings of the Seminar Held in Frederiksdal, Denmark, June 16-20, 1980. IFLA Publications, 24. München ; New York: K.G. Saur, 1982. Gisolfi, Peter. Collaborative Library Design : From Planning to Impact. 2018. “History of Libraries.” Eduscapes. Accessed October 11, 2018. https://eduscapes.com/history/index.htm. “How Does University of Tennessee Rank Among America’s Best Colleges?” U.S. News & World Report. Accessed October 11, 2018. https:// www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-tennessee-3530. Kim, Andrew. “Seattle Central Library.” Minimally Minimal. April 24, 2012. Accessed October 11, 2018. http://www.minimallyminimal. com/blog/2012/4/24/seattle-central-library.html. “Knoxville, TN.” Data USA. Accessed October 11, 2018. https://datausa.io/profile/geo/knoxville-tn/. Neely, Jack. “Knoxville Modernism and Architect Bruce McCarty.” March 17, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20120324204904/ http://m.metropulse.com/news/2010/mar/17/knoxville-modernism-and-architect-bruce-mccarty/.

118 UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // Fall 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

Russell, Jennie. “History of Temporary Housing on Campus after WWII.” Archives @ MSU. October 19, 2016. Accessed October 11, 2018. https://msuarchives.wordpress.com/2016/09/09/history-of-temporary-housing-on-campus-after-wwii/. “The Evolution of the College Dorm - Photo Essays.” Time. Accessed October 11, 2018. http://content.time.com/time/ photogallery/0,29307,1838306_1759869,00.html. “The Most Spectacular Libraries Around the World.” Architectural Digest. Accessed October 11, 2018. https://www.architecturaldigest.com/ gallery/most-beautiful-libraries-trinity-college-mushashino-bodleian-sainte-genevieve-slideshow#30.

REFERENCES 119

http://nwacuho.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/ UALikins5.jpg Accessed September 20, 2018.

The Boston Public Library by Mary Beth Robbins Photo taken October 6, 2018

https://msuarchives.wordpress.com/2016/09/09/history-oftemporary-housing-on-campus-after-wwii/ Accessed September 18, 2018.

https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2016/01/04/catalogingevolves/ Accessed September 10, 2018.

http://www.mylot.com/post/3197164/sainte-genevieve-library. Accessed October 11, 2018.

http://grammajacsgazette.weebly.com/blog/archives/12-2013/3 Accessed September 10, 2018.

http://www.minimallyminimal.com/blog/2012/4/24/seattlecentral-library.html Accessed September 10, 2018.

https://www.goodreads.com/blog/show/532-6-reasons-to-addthe-bodleian-library-to-your-book-bucket-list Accessed September 12, 2018.

http://www.customcarpenterdesign.com/UVA_Lawn Accessed September 12, 2018.

https://msuarchives.wordpress.com/2016/09/09/history-oftemporary-housing-on-campus-after-wwii/ Accessed September 18, 2018.

https://www.archute.com/2016/01/15/mit-simmons-hall-stevenholls-sea-sponge-in-mit/ Accessed September 12, 2018.

https://www.designboom.com/architecture/emerson-collegelos-angeles-morphosis-architects-03-07-2014/ . Accessed August 29, 2018.

120 UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // Fall 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

https://www.archdaily.com/491193/emerson-college-losangeles-morphosis-architects?ad_medium=gallery Accessed August 27, 2018.

https://www.morphosis.com/architecture/127/ Accessed August 27, 2018.

Lawson McGhee Library by Mary Beth Robbins Taken September 21, 2018

Lawson McGhee Library by Mary Beth Robbins Taken September 21, 2018 4

10 11 12

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NEW STUDENT HOUSING SBC# 540/009-15-2012

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Cope Associates, Inc. 2607 Kingston Pike, Suite 5 Knoxville Tennessee, 37919

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KNOXVILLE, TN

https://www.designboom.com/architecture/emerson-collegelos-angeles-morphosis-architects-03-07-2014/ Accessed August 29, 2018.

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https://housing.utk.edu/halls/stokely-hall/ Accessed October 9, 2018.

Second Floor Plan of Stokely Hall Provided by UT Housing September 29, 2018.

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122 UTK ARCH 370 + 371 // Fall 2018 // MARY BETH ROBBINS

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