Capítulo 7 - El Gutierrato: Lo mismo de lo peor

Page 1

EL GUTIERRATO: LO MISMO DE LO PEOR 75$ 9(= (1*$A$'26 '8 GFCUK@:8 <:FEWD@:8 ;<C "F9@<IEF ;<C FIFE<C 'L:@F "LK@T

II<Q HL@<E @E@:@W JL D8E;8KF <C ;< <E<IF ;< EF KLMF 89JFCLK8D<EK< E8;8 EL<MF P GFI <C :FEKI8I@F :FEJK@KLPW C8 DSJ FIKF;FO8 <OGI<J@WE ;< C8 :FII@<EK< ;< G<EJ8D@<EKF ;FD@E8EK< <E C8J XCK@D8J ;FJ ;T:8;8J <E '8K@EF8DTI@:8 8LEHL< 8>I8M8;8 :FE 8CK8J ;FJ@J ;< :FIILG:@WE @E:FDG<K<E:@8 < @DGIFM@J8:@WE E =<9I<IF ;< P <E K@<DGF IT:FI; <C "F9@<IEF ;< 'L:@F *XWLpUUH] ÀUPy OD GHFLPRWHUFHUD &DUWD GH ,QWHQFLyQ FRQ HO )0, :FE :CSLJLC8J I<8CD<EK< @E:FDGI<EJ@9C<J ;<J;< <C GLEKF ;< M@JK8 KT:E@:F P ?8JK8 TK@:F E ;@:?F ;F:LD<EKF 8;<DSJ ;<C 8CQ8 ;< CFJ GI<:@FJ ;< C8 >8JFC@E8 P ;< CFJ J<IM@:@FJ GX9C@:FJ <O@JK@<IFE :FE;@:@FE<J K8E @EM<IFJUD@C<J :FDF C8 ;< :FE><C8I C8J G<EJ@F

E<J AL9@C8I<J P G8I8C@Q8I CFJ GITJK8DFJ HL@IF>I8=8I@FJ FKFI>8;FJ GFI <C $EJK@KLKF ;< .<>LI@;8; .F:@8C G<J< 8 HL< ;@:?F @EJK@KLKF JLGL<JK8D<EK< <J 8LKWEFDF ;<C "F9@<IEF :<EKI8C C8 GIF?@9@

:@WE ;<C LJF ;< M<EK8J 8EK@:@G8;8J ;< G<KIWC<F :FDF 8CK<IE8K@M8 GH ÀQDQFLDPLHQWR HO FRQJHODPLHQWR GH ORV VXHOGRV \ VDODULRV GH CFJ J<IM@;FI<J GX9C@:FJ C8 <C@D@E8:@WE ;< CFJ JL9J@;@FJ ;< C8J <DGI<J8J K<C<=WE@:8J P C8 @DGC<D<EK8:@WE ;< LE EL<MF K8I@=8I@F :FE c8PL;8d ;<C 8E:F (LE;@8C P ;<C $ C8 <EKI<>8 ;< C8 8;

D@E@JKI8:@WE ;< C8J :FDG8VU8J <CT:KI@:8J P K<C<=WE@:8J 8 c<DGI<

J8J GI@M8;8J @EK<IE8:@FE8C<J ;< GI<JK@>@Fd P <C <JK89C<:@D@<EKF ;< :CSLJLC8J ;< :FEK@E><E:@8 <E <C J<IM@:@F ;< C8 ;<L;8 <OK<IE8 G<IF` _8 =8MFI ;< CFJ 8:I<<;FI<J LEHL< J<8 ;@=U:@C ;< :I<<I EFJ


Rafael Correa Delgado

F9C@>S98DFJ 8 G8>8I DSJ ;<L;8 J@ CFJ GI<:@FJ ;<C G<KIWC<F JLG<

I898E CF GI<JLGL<JK8;F P 8 I<;L:@I >8JKFJ J@E KF:8I <C J<IM@:@F ;< C8 ;<L;8 J@ CFJ GI<:@FJ <JK898E GFI ;<98AF ;< CF GI<JLGL<JK8;F !($ .@E ;L;8 J< KI8KW ;< C8 DSJ M<I>FEQFJ8 < @E;@>E8 :8IK8 ;< @EK<E:@WE ;< C8 ?@JKFI@8 ;<C :L8;FI P J<>LI8D<EK< LE8 ;< C8J G<FI<J ;< KF;8 '8K@EF8DTI@:8 '8 GFCUK@:8 <:FEWD@:8 ;<C "F9@<IEF ;< "LK@TII<Q :FEKI8;@AF 89@<IK8D<EK< CFJ F=I<:@D@<EKFJ ;< :8DG8V8 P GFI CF HL< 89IL

D8;FI8D<EK< <C GL<9CF <:L8KFI@8EF J< GIFELE:@W bP I<:?8

QWb <E C8J LIE8J .L GI@D<I D@E@JKIF ;< :FEFDU8 (8LI@:@F +FQF :FEJG@:LF 98EHL<IF G<IK<E<:U8 8C >ILGF ;<C <O GI<J@;<EK< *JM8C;F #LIK8;F P 8 C8 !LE;8:@WE HL< TJK< ;@I@>< FIGFI8:@WE G8I8 <C <J8IIFCCF *- . +I<:@J8D<EK< C8 cGFCUK@:8d HL< +FQF 8GC@:W ;<J;< <C (@E@JK<I@F ;< :FEFDU8 =L< C8 HL< GIFGLJF #LIK8;F :FDF :8E;@;8KF GI<J@;<E:@8C <E C8J <C<::@FE<J ;< GIFGL<JK8 HL< F9KLMF GF:F DSJ ;<C ;< CFJ MFKFJ JU :FDF CF C<< <JK@D8;F C<:KFI GF:F DSJ HL< <C 6/0 103 $*&/50 ;< CFJ MFKFJ $E:CLJF :@<IK8J D<;@;8J :FDF <C 8CQ8 ;< C8 >8JFC@E8 :FEJK@KL

P<IFE LE ;<C@9<I8;F <E>8VF =I<EK< 8 :FDGIFD@JFJ :FE:I<KFJ JKF HL< GIS:K@:8D<EK< G8J8 ;<J8G<I:@9@;F <E LE G8UJ :FDF :L8;FI J<IU8 J@DGC<D<EK< @E8;D@J@9C< <E LE G8UJ ;<J8IIFCC8

;F P8 HL< 8;<DSJ ;< 8K<EK8I :FEKI8 C8 ;<DF:I8:@8 ;<JKILP< CFJ YDORUHV pWLFRV GH XQD VRFLHGDG \ HO JUDGR GH FRQÀDQ]D TXH GHEH <O@JK@I <EKI< JLJ D@<D9IFJ

/ &2672 '(/ $1+(/$'2 G5(72512H $ /26 0(5&$'26 ,17(51$&,21$/(6 '8 8GI<:@8:@WE ;< C8 ;<L;8 GX9C@:8 <OK<IE8 K8D9@TE =L< =ILKF ;< C8 GFCUK@:8 J<>L@;8 ;<J;< <E<IF ;< GFI <C "F9@<IEF ;< 'L:@F "LK@TII<Q <C :L8C <JKLMF KFK8CD<EK< :FDGIFD<K@;F :FE CFJ @EK<


Ecuador: de Banana Republic a la No República

UHVHV GHO FDSLWDO ÀQDQFLHUR QDFLRQDO H LQWHUQDFLRQDO 0DXULFLR +FQF M<EU8 ;< <A<I:<I C8 M@:<GI<J@;<E:@8 ;< +IF;L98E:F P JL M@:<D@E@JKIF ;< :FEFDU8 <I8 <C DSO@DF <A<:LK@MF ;< C8 :8J8 ;< M8CFI<J ;<C D@JDF 98E:F FE +FQF :FD@<EQ8 8 =LE:@FE8I <C * + P <C ! $- + M<I :8GUKLCF CF HL< ?8:< HL< CFJ 9FEFJ "CF98C ;< C8 ;<L;8 <:L8KFI@8E8 G8J<E ;< LE M8CFI ;< D<I:8;F ;< :<I:8 ;<C 8 @E@:@FJ ;< 8 M<E;<IJ< 8C 8VF J@>L@<EK< @E:CLJF DSJ 8CCS ;< JL M8CFI EFD@E8C <J ;<:@I :FE cGI<D@Fd D@<EKI8J HL< LEF ;< CFJ 98E:FJ K<E<;FI<J ;< ;<L;8 <I8 GI<:@J8

D<EK< +IF;L98E:F FE KF;F 8HL<CCF P ;<JGLTJ ;< :@E:F 8VFJ ;< KFK8C F9J<:L<E

:@8 :FE CFJ @EK<I<J<J ;< CFJ 8:I<<;FI<J ;<C G8UJ 8G8I<EK<D<EK< CFJ D<I:8;FJ @EK<IE8:@FE8C<J EFJ c8:<GK8IFEd ;< EL<MF <E JL PDWHUQDO VHQR SDUD DVt SRGHU DFFHGHU D QXHYDV IXHQWHV GH À

E8E:@8D@<EKF JKFJ JLGL<JKFJ cCF>IFJd :FDF <J ?89@KL8C <E C8 GLVFXVLyQ S~EOLFD HFXDWRULDQD VH DVXPLHURQ FRPR EHQHÀFLRV RE

K<E@;FJ GIS:K@:8D<EK< J@E E@E>XE :FJKF K8E JFCF :FE 98J< <E GF

CUK@:8J cGIL;<EK<J P ;@J:@GC@E8;8Jd <E FGFJ@:@WE 8 GFCUK@:8J cGF

GLC@JK8Jd HL< @II<JGFEJ89C<D<EK< HL<IU8E KFD8I FKIFJ :8D@EFJ E I<8C@;8; <C :FJKF G8I8 <C G8UJ =L< <EFID< '8 <OKI8::@WE ;< I<:LIJFJ ;< C8 <:FEFDU8 GFI D<;@F ;<C ! $- + P ;< CFJ DSJ JUDQGHV VXSHUiYLWV S~EOLFRV SULPDULRV ³HO UHVXOWDGR ÀVFDO DQWHV ;<C J<IM@:@F ;< ;<L;8b ;< DTI@:8 '8K@E8 F:8J@FE8IFE HL< <E CFJ 8VFJ ;<C c>LK@<II8KFd KLM@TI8DFJ C8J K8J8J ;< :I<:@D@<EKF EF G<KIFC<IF DSJ 98A8J ;< C8 XCK@D8 ;T:8;8 :FE C8 F9M@8 <O:<G:@WE ;<C 8VF GFI CF HL< C8 K8J8 ;< ;<J<DGC<F G8JW ;< <E D HQ OR TXH VLJQLÀFy TXH FHUFD GH QXH

YRV GHVHPSOHDGRV IXHUDQ VDFULÀFDGRV HQ HO DOWDU GH ORV PHUFDGRV @EK<IE8:@FE8C<J P HL< <E <C 8VF K<ID@ESI8DFJ :FE .&/04 SXHVWRV GH WUDEDMR TXH D ÀQDOHV GHO DxR 3DUD LOXVWUDU FyPR KF;F <JKF =L< ;<C@9<I8;F P HLT J< GL;F ?8:<I G8I8 <M@K8ICF F9

J<IM<DFJ HL< C8 *I>8E@Q8:@WE $EK<IE8:@FE8C ;<C /I898AF *$/


Rafael Correa Delgado

FRQVLGHUDED TXH OLEHUDQGR PLOORQHV GH ODV FXHQWDV ÀVFDOHV <JKF <J I<;L:@<E;F <C JLG<ISM@K GI@D8I@F <E 8CI<;<;FI ;< ;<C +$ ;< J< GF;U8E ><E<I8I ;< 8 <DGC<FJ GFI 8VF *$/ +<J< 8 <JK< <J:SE;8CF C8 9LIF:I8:@8 @EK<IE8

:@FE8C C8 98E:8 P CFJ GJ<L;F8E8C@JK8J <:FEWD@:FJ HL< GLCLC8E <E <C G8UJ b=I<:L<EK<D<EK< G8>8;FJ GFI CFJ GIFG@FJ 98E:FJb EF J< :8EJ898E ;< I<E;@I CF8J 8 ;@:?8 GFCUK@:8 <:FEWD@:8 cFIKF;FO8 :FEJ<IM8;FI8 P GIL;<EK<d '8D<EK89C<D<EK< <E <JK< :FDF <E DL:?FJ FKIFJ SD9@KFJ <C G8UJ <J @E:8G8Q ;< I<C8:@FE8I :8LJ8J :FE <=<:KFJ

$ ,0326,%,/,'$' '( G$86(1&,$ '( &2/25H +FQF <J LEF ;< CFJ GI@E:@G8C<J I<GI<J<EK8EK<J ;< CFJ <:FEFD@JK8J E<FC@9<I8C<J ;<C G8UJ EKI< DL:?FJ FKIFJ ;@JG8I8K<J CC<>W 8 D8E@

=<JK8I HL< C8 GFCUK@:8 <:FEWD@:8 cEF K@<E< :FCFId P HL< I<JGFE;U8 <O:CLJ@M8D<EK< 8 =8:KFI<J KT:E@:FJ :L8E;F <E I<8C@;8; C8 GFCUK@:8 HFRQyPLFD SRU GHÀQLFLyQ HV XQ FDPSR QHWDPHQWH QRUPDWLYR ;< C8 :FEFDU8 P GFI K8EKF ;<G<E;< =LE;8D<EK8CD<EK< ;< @E

K<I<J<J P AL@:@FJ ;< M8CFI FDF D<E:@FE8DFJ 8EK<I@FID<EK< C8 GFCUK@:8 <:FEWD@:8 <E <C "F9@<IEF ;< "LK@TII<Q J@DGC<D<EK< KI8KW ;< GIF=LE;@Q8I LE8 <JKI8K<>@8 ;< ;<J8IIFCCF HL< E@ J@HL@<I8 GL<;< ;<:@IJ< HL< J< 8>FKW GL<J <E I<8C@;8; ELE:8 =LE:@FEW 3DUD MXVWLÀFDU ORV GUiVWLFRV FRQWUDFWLYRV H LQHTXLWDWLYRV DMXVWHV HL< J< KI8K8IFE ;< I<8C@Q8I <E C8 <:FEFDU8 E8:@FE8C ;LI8EK< <C >L

WLHUUDWR VH PDQHMy HO GLVFXUVR GH OD GHEDFOH ÀVFDO HO FXDO WDPELpQ CF ?@:@<IFE JLPF CFJ @E;U><E8J P CFJ >ILGFJ JF:@8C<J HL< G8IK@:@

G8IFE b8C D<EFJ @E@:@8CD<EK<b <E ;@:?F >F9@<IEF P HL< EF <J E8;8 EL<MF <E '8K@EF8DTI@:8 GL<J ;<J;< C8 WGK@:8 ;<C FEJ<EJF GH :DVKLQJWRQ WRGR HPSLH]D \ WHUPLQD SRU HO ´SUREOHPDµ ÀV

:8C E <JK< :8JF J< GI<J<EK8IFE :@=I8J I<8CD<EK< ;I8DSK@:8J <E


Ecuador: de Banana Republic a la No República

FXDQWR DO GpÀFLW ÀVFDO DO FXDO VH VLWXy HQ SUiFWLFDPHQWH XQ ;<C GI<JLGL<JKF P DSJ ;<C ;<C +$ -<JLCK898 :LI@FJF HL< :FE HVWH GHVFRPXQDO GpÀFLW HQ HO 0LQLVWHULR GH (FRQRPtD VH UDWLÀ

:8I8E :L8KIF JL9J<:I<K8I@FJ ;<C 8EK<I@FI IT>@D<E 89< I<:FI;8I TXH HO PLVPR GLVFXUVR GH TXLHEUD ÀVFDO VH PDQHMy D PHGLDGRV GHO DxR SDUD MXVWLÀFDU OD XUJHQFLD GH OD ÀUPD GH XQ DFXHUGR FRQ HO )0, HO FXDO ÀQDOPHQWH QR SXGR FRQFUHWDU HO *RELHUQR GH "LJK8MF )F9F8 E I<8C@;8; ;<J;< C8 :I@J@J ;< :L8;FI ?8 <JK8;F <EKI< CFJ SDtVHV FRQ PHMRUHV UHVXOWDGRV ÀVFDOHV GH /DWLQRDPpULFD OR FXDO :FDF D8E@=<JK8DFJ 8EK<I@FID<EK< EF <J E<:<J8I@8D<EK< 9L<EF P8 HL< <O@JK< LE8 >I8E ;@=<I<E:@8 <EKI< <JK8I ;<C>8;F GFI GI8:K@:8I GHSRUWHV HV GHFLU VXSHUiYLWV SRU XQD PD\RU HÀFLHQFLD HQ ODV UHFDX

;8:@FE<J P <E <C >8JKF GX9C@:F 8 <JK8ICF GFI ?89<IJ< :FJ@;F C8 9F:8 <J ;<:@I C8 :FEKI8::@WE ;<C >8JKF GX9C@:F 8 :L8CHL@<I :FJKF ¢3RU TXp HQWRQFHV LQVLVWLU HQ HO DMXVWH ÀVFDO FRQ VXV LPSOL

:8:@FE<J I<:<J@M8J ;<DSJ ;<C =LE;8D<EK8C@JDF @;<FCW>@:F P GI@FI@Q8:@WE ;<C J<IM@:@F ;< ;<L;8 GFIHL< =I<EK< 8 CFJ >I8MUJ@DFJ ;<J<HL@C@9I@FJ <OK<IEFJ HL< J< ><E<I8IFE :FDF :FEJ<:L<E:@8 ;< OD GRODUL]DFLyQ VH LQWHQWDED XWLOL]DU XQD SROtWLFD ÀVFDO FRQWUDFWLYD G8I8 :FEKIFC8I ;<D8E;8 8>I<>8;8 P ;< <JK8 =FID8 ;@JD@EL@I <C GIF9C<D8 <OK<IEF '8D<EK89C<D<EK< G<J< 8C 8CKF P :FJKFJF <J

IXHU]R ÀVFDO OD SUREDELOLGDG GH UHYHUWLU HO GHVHTXLOLEULR H[WHUQR ;< <JK8 D8E<I8 <I8 GIS:K@:8D<EK< ELC8 P8 HL< :C8I8D<EK< EF J< KI8K898 ;< LE GIF9C<D8 ;< /*7&- ;< ;<D8E;8 J@EF ;< &4536$563" ;< GHPDQGD GRQGH GDGD XQD LQÁDFLyQ DFXPXODGD GH PiV GHO ;<J;< HL< J< @DGC<D<EKW C8 ;FC8I@Q8:@WE J< I<HL<I@IU8 I<:LG<

I8I <C K@GF ;< :8D9@F EFD@E8C G8I8 GF;<I :FII<>@I CFJ GI<:@FJ I<C8K@MFJ P FI@<EK8I C8 ;<D8E;8 ?8:@8 9@<E<J E8:@FE8C<J F <E JL ;<=<:KF LK@C@Q8I LE8 8:K@M8 GFCUK@:8 :FD<I:@8C :FE LE @EK<C@><E

K< D8E<AF ;< 8I8E:<C<J CF :L8C 8K<EK898 :FEKI8 <C :8K<:@JDF ;<C FEJ<EJF ;< 28J?@E>KFE


Rafael Correa Delgado

(O GLVFXUVR GH ´GHVDVWUH ÀVFDOµ WDPELpQ IXH XWLOL]DGR HQ $UJHQ

K@E8 P <E <C JK< J@SK@:F b<:FEFDU8J <E <J< <EKFE:<J :FE J@JK<

PDV GH FDPELR ÀMR³ SDUD MXVWLÀFDU ORV DMXVWHV ÀVFDOHV UHFHVLYRV \ I<>I<J@MFJ HL< J< I<8C@Q8IFE :FE <C 8GFPF ;<C !($ JK8J GFCUK@:8J :FEKI8:K@M8J <DG<FI8IFE 8C J<:KFI I<8C <O8:<I98IFE K<EJ@FE<J JF

FLDOHV \ OHMRV GH HYLWDU OD FULVLV OD SUHFLSLWDURQ &RPR PDQLÀHVWD %FJ<G? .K@>C@KQ +I<D@F )F9<C ;< :FEFDU8 ;< cI8I8 M<Q J< UHVWDXUD OD FRQÀDQ]D FRQ SROtWLFDV TXH GLULJHQ D ODV HFRQRPtDV D D8PFI<J ;<GI<J@FE<Jd .K@>C@KQ

E 8/3$%/(6 /26 $6$/$5,$'26 '(/ 6(&725 3C%/,&2 C I<@K<I8;F 8I>LD<EKF ;<C @E:I<D<EKF ;< CFJ J8C8I@FJ GX9C@:FJ FRPR SULQFLSDO FDXVD GHO SUREOHPD ÀVFDO PHUHFH XQD FRQVLGHUD

FLyQ DSDUWH SXHV HV OD ÀHO UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ GH OD HFRQRPtD SROtWLFD ;<KISJ ;< CFJ 8ALJK<J C8 :L8C GI<K<E;< G8J8I <C G<JF ;< C8 :I@J@J JF9I< CFJ 8J8C8I@8;FJ D@<EKI8J HL< J< GI@M@C<>@8E CFJ I<E;@D@<E

KFJ ;< :8G@K8C P E@ J@HL@<I8 J< D<E:@FE8 C8 :FII<::@WE ;< GI<:@FJ :C8I8D<EK< ;@JKFIJ@FE8;FJ K8C<J :FDF C8J K8J8J ;< @EK<ITJ /D PDVD VDODULDO GHO VHFWRU S~EOLFR QR ÀQDQFLHUR DOFDQ]y D@CCFE<J ;< ;WC8I<J <E ;<C +$ <9@;F 8 C8 :I@J@J ;< <JK8 D8J8 J8C8I@8C J< I<;LAF 8 D@CCFE<J ;< ;WC8I<J <E <C 8VF LE ;<:I<:@D@<EKF ;<C 'F HL< J< ?@QF <E CFJ 8VFJ GFJK<I@FI<J =L< KI8K8I ;< I<:LG<I8I CFJ J8C8I@FJ ;<C J<:KFI GX9C@:F L9@:SE;FJ< <E <E D<EFJ ;<C ;<C +$ DSJ 98AFJ E@M<C<J I<C8K@MFJ HL< 8EK<J ;< C8 :I@J@J C 8ESC@J@J J@DGC@JK8 P <J:8E;8C@Q8;FI ;<C @E:I<D<EKF <E CFJ J8

C8I@FJ GX9C@:FJ HL< J< D8EKLMF <E :L8;FI <E CFJ XCK@DFJ 8VFJ J@E :FEJ@;<I8I JL 9ILK8C :8U;8 <E P <J LE8 M<I;8; 8 PHGLDV TXH UHÁHMD LQJHQXLGDG H[WUHPD R GHVKRQHVWLGDG LQWHOHF

KL8C E I<8C@;8; P :FDF P8 D<E:@FE8DFJ <E FKI8 DL<JKI8 ;< C8


Ecuador: de Banana Republic a la No República

<:FEFDU8 GFCUK@:8 ;<KISJ ;< C8 GFCUK@:8 <:FEWD@:8 J< 9LJ:898 HL< CFJ J8C8I@FJ GX9C@:FJ =L<I8E C8 M8I@89C< ;< 8ALJK< =I<EK< 8 C8 :I@J@J CF :L8C EF <J TK@:F P E@ J@HL@<I8 KT:E@:F GL<J ?89IU8 HL< G<EJ8I HLT ?L9@<J< JL:<;@;F :FE <C :I<:@D@<EKF <:FEWD@:F <E <JKFJ 8VFJ J@E C8 I<:LG<I8:@WE ;< CFJ J8C8I@FJ ;< CFJ J<IM@;FI<J GX9C@:FJ

$ G32/@7,&$ 5($/,67$H 8QR GH ORV DUJXPHQWRV PiV UHFXUUHQWHV SDUD MXVWLÀ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ÁHMR GH ODV SHUFHSFLRQHV \ FRQYHQLHQFLDV ;< CFJ G8UJ<J P >ILGFJ ;FD@E8EK<J C GIF9C<D8 ;< C8 GFCUK@:8 <:FEWD@:8 ;<C GI<J@;<EK< "LK@TII<Q /0 =L< ;< 8LJ<E:@8 ;< D8I><E ;< 8::@WE FDF J< ?8 J<V8C8;F ;<C@9<I8;8D<EK< J< KI8KW ;< :FEJFC@;8I LE DF;<CF ;< ;<J8IIFCCF P8 <E :I@J@J <E <C I<JKF ;<C DLE;F I<:?8Q8;F 89ILD8;FI8D<EK< HQ ODV XUQDV \ TXH IXH XQ IUDFDVR HQ FXDQWR D HÀFLHQFLD \ HTXLGDG <E DTI@:8 '8K@E8 E JLD8 <C :L8;FI J@>L@W :FE C8 8GC@:8

:@WE ;< <JHL<D8J HL< ;<JKILP<IFE 8 C8J <:FEFDU8J ;<C DLE;F JL9;<J8IIFCC8;F HL< ;<K<I@FI8IFE JL D<;@F 8D9@<EK< HL< ><E<


Rafael Correa Delgado

I8IFE D8PFI<J <O:CLJ@FE<J JF:@8C<J HL< GLJ@<IFE <E I@<J>F JLJ ;<DF:I8:@8J P :LPF =8:KFI ;<K<ID@E8EK< EF =L< <C ;<J8IIFCCF J@EF 8:FDF;8I JLD@J8D<EK< C8J <:FEFDU8J 8 C8J ;<D8E;8J ;< CFJ @EK<I<J<J KI8EJE8:@FE8C<J P 8C J<IM@:@F ;< C8 ;<L;8 <OK<IE8 LEHL< <J :C8IF HL< EF KF;F J< GL<;< ?8:<I <E <:FEFDU8 K8D9@TE <J :C8IF HL< EF J< K<EU8 HL< ?8:<I CF D@JDF ;< J@<DGI< P DSJ 8XE CF D@JDF ;< CF G<FI


REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

8E:F <EKI8C ;<C :L8;FI c FC<KUE ;< JK8;UJK@:8J (<EJL8C E ^ d ,L@KF c FC<KUE ;< JK8;UJK@:8J (<EJL8C E ^ d ,L@KF c FC<KUE ;< JK8;UJK@:8J (<EJL8C E ^ d ,L@KF ´&RWL]DFLRQHV GH PHUFDGRV ÀQDQFLHURVµ 4XLWR NNN EFH ÀQ HF !FE;F (FE<K8I@F $EK<IE8:@FE8C c :L8;FI D<DFI8E;F ;< GFCUK@:8 <:FEWD@:8d 28J?@E>KFE ZZZ PLQÀQDQ]DV HF JRY QHW GRFV PRQHW H KWP *I>8E@Q8:@WE $EK<IE8:@FE8C ;<C /I898AF *$/ c :L8;FI DGC<F P GIFK<::@WE JF:@8C <E :L8;FI GIFGL<JK8J ;< C8 *$/d ,L@KF J<>LE;8 <;@:@WE .K@>C@KQ %FJ<G? c'<JJFEJ =IFD I><EK@E8fJ <98:C< .KI8@KJ /@D<Jd


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.