CONSTRUCTION YEARBOOK 2014
FOR MORE INFORMATION Email: Engineering@massey.ac.nz Or visit: www.massey.ac.nz.engineering
Welcome Construction at Massey University is going from strength to strength. Graduates and final year students are finding work in all corners of the world. They are assisting with the Christchurch rebuild, helping construct major infrastructure projects in Europe and meeting the housing needs in Auckland. Today, Massey University offers a wide range of Construction courses at both undergraduate (B.Construction), and postgraduate (Diploma, Masters and PhD) level. In 2014 we gained Accreditation from the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) to add to our existing professional Accreditations and this will enable B Construction graduates to work in even more countries around the world. The numbers of students being attracted to this program is growing year on year. We are also launching a new taught Master of Construction, that can be studied either part or full time, which will provide advanced learning for construction professionals. While providing a strong grounding in the principles of business and technology we have recognized the need for graduates who are well rounded in their problem solving skills, communication, ability to work in teams and appreciation of the wider commercial, economic and social environment. Our courses are designed to develop these skills with a strong emphasis on activity-based learning. Right from day one students are immersed in projects that challenge their problem solving ability in a range of different contexts - from learning about sustainable buildings, to developing computer analytical skills, to improving the living conditions for the people who need affordable housing. The culmination of the undergraduate degree program is the final year project where the students apply their knowledge to the solution of real life commercial problems. This booklet presents summaries of the Construction 3rd year projects from 2014. A Massey University construction degree provides you with the high level of technical knowledge AND the professional skills to truly make a difference – today and into the future.
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The Beehive
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The hub of a bee hive is the honeycomb which has been used as a model for the development of New York-based Panelite’s ClearShade insulating glass. The key to this product is its “tubular polycarbonate” core. Modeled after the hexagonal structure of a honeycomb, ClearShade’s core limits sunlight coming through glass thereby reducing heat gains as well as energy costs.
CONSTRUCTION All final year Bachelor of Construction students complete an in-depth examination of an issue topical to the construction sector. The research projects aim to create new, timely and relevant knowledge, as well as provide an opportunity for students to hone their problem solving and communication skills, and learn new software tools and analytical methods. Successful completion of the project requires the student to demonstrate many of the skills and attributes required of a Massey University Construction graduate, including being •
self-managed,
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adaptable,
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engaged with industry,
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innovative
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and ethical.
The students are graded on their ability to effectively communicate their work both in written format and orally at the Massey University Construction Degree Show as well as deliver a successful piece of research. The following section of 2014 Year Book gives an abstract for each project. It shows the breadth and depth of topics undertaken ranging from contractual frameworks to affordable housing solutions, to the Christchurch rebuild to innovation and 5D BIM. Further details on these projects can be obtained by contacting the Massey staff member who supervised the project. I trust you will be inspired by the students achievements and join with us to wish the Bachelors of Construction graduates of 2014 rewarding and productive careers.
Hussein Al-Haj Ali Glenfield College Major: Construction Management Supervisor: Mr Naseem Ameer Ali
The NZS 4202 and SMM 7 standard methods of measurement: Users’ preference when preparing schedules of quantities for building works.
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In the construction industry, the production of a set of schedule of quantities (SOQ) often forms the basis for preparing tender documents for building works. One of the keys to the quality of these SOQs is the interpretation of the standard method of measurement used to prepare the SOQs. This research compares the most commonly used standard in New Zealand (the NZS 4202) which is written in a descriptive style against the tabulated SMM7 which is widely used in the UK and other countries and aims to identify whether there is a users’ preference between the two. An online questionnaire was sent to construction professionals in New Zealand. The findings of the survey suggest that although the majority of respondents were more familiar with NZS 4202, having only used this standard in the past and finding it easier to read, they opined that SMM7 was the preferred standard for producing a more effective SOQ. The conclusion that may be drawn is that although current users appear to prefer NZS 4202, they are keen on the idea of having a tabulated standard method of measurement. A key recommendation is for NZS 4202 to be reviewed and consideration be given to re-presenting the content in tabulated format – either keeping to the original core content of NZS 4202 or revising the content as well.
Fire Safety in Domestic Dwellings in the Auckland Region This research uses the New Zealand Fire Service (NZFS) database on fires in domestic dwellings in the Auckland region from 2006 to 2013 in order to establish trends such as the most common cause of fire and the people who are most vulnerable to fire fatality. It looks at the effectiveness of fire safety devices and programs. Most fire fatalities are children in the 6 to 14 year age group who start fires out of boredom or experiment by playing with matches and lighters. Males are more than seven times more likely to be involved in a fatal fire than females. Maori, Caucasian and Pacific Island people have the highest involvement in fires, accounting for 40%, 35% and 18% respectively. The most common fire safety device is the smoke detector. While surveys report that 90% of homes have at least one smoke detector, less than 50% are found to be working in a fire. NZFS educational programmes correctly target the most vulnerable people but are not adequately understood.
Benjamin Andrews Kings College Major: Quantity Surveyor Supervisor: Dr Claire Flemmer
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Home Renovations for Profit; What House Features Provide the Highest Returns? In order to maximize profit through home renovations, property investors need accurate information and conclusive evidence to provide guidance for making informed decisions. Currently within New Zealand there is a lack of research on the topic of home renovations for profit which is resulting in property investors failing to conduct valuable renovations. The purpose of this research study is to fill this information gap, assisting property investors with the information and evidence needed. The focus will be on the value of residential renovations within the current Northern North Island property market. A qualitative approach has been used to get data from practicing property investors, who have experience and knowledge of home renovations for profit. The research shows that the most popular renovations undertaken by experienced and successful property investors are cosmetic renovations. These include replacing the carpet, curtains and wall/ceiling paint, as well as conducting minor garden/landscaping improvements. These renovations are seen to add value to a property and increase rental or buyer appeal.
Christie Biggar
Te Awamutu College Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Professor Robyn Phipps
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Vasily Bokun
Westlake Boys’ High School Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Mikael Boulic
Home Renovation for Profit Renovating homes for profit is very popular in New Zealand. The purpose of this research was to investigate the house features that should be renovated in order to provide the highest returns for an investor. Interviews and surveys of home dwellers in the Auckland region showed that the renovations of kitchens and bathrooms generate the greatest returns. Over half of the people surveyed said they would renovate their kitchen first, while 35% said they would renovate their bathroom. Other ‘eyecatching’ features of a house, such as flooring and wall treatments and simple landscaping work also have the potential to generate profit. The findings will be useful to anyone looking to generate a profit from renovating a domestic property.
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Eamon Borer
Whangaparaoa College Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Mikael Boulic
Wood Stove Heating in Whangaparaoa The aim of this research was to identify trends in the choice of wood stove for domestic home heating. A survey was conducted on a group of 34 householders who were operating a wood stove and located in Whangaparaoa (Auckland area). The majority of the surveyed homes (60%) were built before 1994 and the householders chose the wood stove at this time because of its aesthetic appeal, high heat output and cost effectiveness. However, it was found that if they had to choose a new heater, a wood stove would not be the first choice; more than half of the householders would choose a heat pump because of its easier operation (by remote control and with a timer program on the console). A further finding was that householders with multiple heating systems (wood stove and oil column heater) did in fact prefer the wood stove. This research supports the current popularity of “the least amount of effort to operate� heat pump as the preferred heater for New Zealand homes.
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An Occupants’ Perspective of a Five Star Certified Green Building This research project assesses occupant satisfaction in two New Zealand five star educational facilities, looking at what they like and dislike most about their Green Buildings. It compares the findings to the buildings’ assessment results and international studies on Green Building occupant perspectives. The occupants were surveyed on their perspective of 40 factors assembled into four broad categories, namely: 1. Operational factors 2. Environmental factors 3. Personal control 4. Satisfaction The occupants were least satisfied with aspects such as availability of storage space, air temperature, lighting levels and in particular, glare from natural and artificial lighting. The research found that personal control of indoor environment quality is important in the comfort level of occupants of Green Buildings.
Michelle Bound
James Hargest College, Invercargill Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Claire Flemmer
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Cresilda Cross Rutherford College Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Jasper Mbachu
An Analysis of Key Factors Accounting for Discrepancies Between the Agreed Contract Sum and Final Account for Contractors in New Zealand
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Most construction projects have significantly different initial and final contract sums with consequences such as distrust, disputes, high cost of project finance, high insurance premiums and low profit margins. This research aims to highlight the most significant factors causing changes to the contract price and to suggest ways to mitigate them. Factors that affect project cost were grouped into five main categories, namely, client-driven changes, design changes, project and environmental characteristics, contractor related changes and third party factors. Respondents were asked to rank the various factors according to their level of influence on the change from the contract sum to the final account. The results showed that the most significant factors that cause additional costs are: • Change order resulting in additions/reductions to original scope of works and • Errors or omissions in design and specifications There was overwhelming agreement that design documentation needed to be more fully developed, highlighting the notion that more emphasis needs to be put on the preconstruction process.
“Willingness to Pay� for Sustainable House Features The demand for warm, comfortable, economic and energy efficient housing is rapidly increasing in New Zealand. The easiest time to include these features is during construction of new houses. This research aims to investigate the willingness to pay for sustainable house features for new homebuyers. A set of 50 new homeowners in Eastern Auckland was invited to participate in a survey of their attitudes and perceptions of a number of sustainable features. The research results were analyzed with basis statistics. There were two key findings: firstly, a majority of new house owners lack knowledge and information about sustainable house features and secondly, they are price sensitive to features not required by the New Zealand Building Code.
Hanqiao Fu
ACG College Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Professor Robyn Phipps
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Green Buildings and the Occupants Perspective This research uses a survey of the occupants of a 6 Green Star rated office building in Auckland to investigate: •
How the occupants feel about various aspects of the building, highlighting areas that need to be improved
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The extent to which occupants are aware of aspects that contributed to the building’s green rating
The component scores for the building were highest in the categories of management, water, energy and emissions and the building got additional bonus points for innovation in its double-skinned façade ventilation system. The lowest component scores were in the areas of land use and indoor environment quality (IEQ). The occupants were least satisfied with thermal comfort (temperature and drafts) in winter and expressed a desire for more control over the indoor environment. Interestingly, they found that the innovative façade was a major contributor to the poor thermal comfort.
Jed Goldsmith
Westlake Boys’ High School Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Claire Flemmer
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Lee Greshon
Perth Grammar, Scotland Major: Construction Management Supervisor: Dr Jasper Mbachu
The Impact and Influence of Key Building Materials’ Price Trends on Auckland Residential Building Costs Auckland suffers from a shortage of affordable housing. A 37.7% increase in Auckland building consents from 2012 to 2013 is placing a higher demand on building materials. This study investigates the effect of 6-year price trends of key building materials on annual residential building costs in the Auckland region. The research found that 90 x 45 MSG8 H1.2 framing timber had the greatest increase in price and the greatest influence on the building cost, contributing one third of the total build cost of a model dwelling. The majority of the other building materials also increased in price over the past 6 years. Although they did not have a large individual contribution to the build cost, collectively they had a large impact on it.
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Tjaart GrovĂŠ
Wintec Hamilton Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Claire Flemmer
Residential Building Cost Comparison, NZ vs. Australia This research compares the construction cost of a standard (4-bedroom) residential home in Christchurch with a similar construction in Canberra, Australia. The costs are approximately $225,400 and $188,000 respectively so that the Australian construction is about 16.5% lower. The cost of construction materials is significantly higher in New Zealand where there is a lack of competition amongst suppliers. Government intervention may be needed to oversee the price of locally-produced materials. Innovative construction, such as the use of prefabricated homes, is another potential solution to the problem of expensive New Zealand construction. Regulatory costs are also considerably higher in New Zealand; the compliance costs are about $6,500 in Christchurch compared with $3,750 in Canberra. Government review of compliance costs is recommended.
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House Construction Cost Comparison: New Zealand vs United Kingdom This research compares the cost of construction of an average (3-bedroom, 2-bathroom, single storey) home in Auckland with that in Birmingham, England. The British construction costs are approximately one half of the New Zealand costs but the reasons behind this significant difference are complex. Different materials are used in each country for certain components; for example, British houses have a brick structure while New Zealand homes are timber-framed. Some components such as concrete foundations and interior work are similar in both countries. The two countries have differing housing styles with terrace style housing being common in Britain and single detached units being used in New Zealand. Home units connected together in terraced housing share walls so there are savings on the costs of exterior walls. Each country has optimized its construction costs to suit its own particular construction style and standards.
Sam Hinder
Tawa College Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Claire Flemmer
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Caleb Hynes
Michael Park School Major: Construction Management Supervisor: Dr Claire Flemmer
Green Building and Post Occupancy Evaluation The objective of this project was to learn about the occupant experience of people working in the retail and office tenancies of a mixed occupancy green building in Auckland. The method used was the distribution of a short questionnaire and statistical analysis of the resultant data. Interestingly, this research has not identified any substantial disparity in the level of satisfaction of the different tenancies; but it has re affirmed some of what has already been found in this field. For example, glare from strip lighting, cold draughts and excessive noise, were all reported to have a negative effect on experience of some of the building occupants. It has been suggested by past research that the inclusion of post occupancy evaluation into existing green building evaluation tools would help mitigate this, and help to build a pool of knowledge to improve building performance at design stage. This study re affirms the need for the inclusion of post occupancy evaluation as part of green building evaluation tools.
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Critical Determinants of Construction Tendering Costs in NZ Tendering is very important for construction companies to survive in the competitive market. Even though the lowest tendering price does not mean the best competitive bid, tender price is still a critically important factor in the contractor selection. This research investigates the critical factors affecting tendering price in New Zealand from the viewpoint of quantity surveyors. An online questionnaire was selected as the data collection method and all the members of NZIQS (New Zealand Institute of Quantity Surveyors) were invited to take part in the research. Over 150 completed surveys identified poor tender documents and complexity of projects as the most important factors influencing tendering cost. Understanding and realising the importance of cost-determinants enables quantity surveyors to prepare competitive bids.
Cong Ji
The High School Affiliated to China University of Petroleum Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Niluka Domingo
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Health and Safety in NZ Construction Previous studies have investigated health and safety (H&S) issues and solutions in the global Construction Industry. This research looks at safety risks and mitigation measures on New Zealand construction sites using a survey of construction consultants, contractors and subcontractors. It found that the five dominant categories of safety risks were management, sociocultural, project, work environment and health-related issues. Within these categories, poor H&S performance of the industry stemmed from: •
Workers not taking personal responsibility for safety
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Poor worker attitudes to H&S
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Poor risk perception of H&S hazards and
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Poor adherence to H&S instructions.
The most effective strategy for risk mitigation was worker safety training and education. Implementation of the findings by industry practitioners will help to improve the industry’s H&S performance and public image.
Ni (Jennifer) Jian Urumqi Bayi High School, PRC Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Jasper Mbachu
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Peter Labbad
Pakuranga College Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Mr Naseem Ameer Ali
Improvements Introduced in the New NZS 3910:2013 Standard Terms of Construction Contract The most commonly used standard terms of construction contract in New Zealand, the NZS 3910, was revised in 2013 after ten years. This aim of this research was: • To determine if the construction industry was aware of the changes that have been introduced to the contract • To establish how the construction industry viewed the language used within NZS 3910, and •To evaluate whether or not there may be justification to apply a plain language review to NZS 3910 or a full technical review A questionnaire was completed by 65 participants from a variety of professional backgrounds. The results showed that 49% of participants have a good working knowledge of NZS 3910and that the majority of participants (65%) believe that NZS 3910 could benefit from a plain language review. It is recommended that NZS 3910:2013 should be reviewed to establish whether it complies with plain language standards and, if not, it should be re-written.
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James Lawson
Rangitoto College Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Claire Flemmer
Green Buildings and Occupant Satisfaction
The main goal of creating green buildings is to reduce the impact of the built environment on the natural environment. There is much less focus on the impact the building has on the occupants. The aim of this research was to use a survey of the occupants of a 5 Green Star office building in Auckland, to establish: • their satisfaction with aspects such as lighting, thermal comfort, indoor environment quality and acoustics in the building • whether their satisfaction matched the component scores of the building • whether they were aware of the ‘green’ features in the building Occupants were most satisfied with the indoor environment quality and thermal comfort and least satisfied with the acoustics and lighting. This agreed with the building’s component ratings in these categories.
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The vast majority of occupants were unaware of green features such as the use of daylight, natural ventilation and low-emission fitout material but felt that they had fewer sick days as a consequence of working in a green building.
Factors and Drivers of Profitable Home Renovations in New Zealand Property renovation is one of the most common self-directed actions undertaken by property owners and investors in New Zealand to increase the value of their property or properties. To date, there has been little quality peer-reviewed research available on how to complete a profitable renovation. Mistakes are costly and robust research is required to determine which home improvements provide the greatest return on investment. The purpose of this research was to establish what specific variables affect the profitability of a home renovation and which variables provide the greatest return for the owner or investor. The research identified a common theme to successful renovations in New Zealand, affected by factors both within and outside of the investor’s control. The most important variable that affected the profitability of the renovation was time, specifically the time taken to fully complete the renovation and thereby bring the property to a complete standard which could be then valued as a completed property. This highlighted the importance of planning and risk control being an integral part of an investor’s initial and ongoing renovation strategy.
Tamzin Letele Elim Christian College Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Professor Robyn Phipps
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Lu Liu
Taylors College Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Jasper Mbachu
Auckland Retail Building Case Study The rising trend in retail building cost drives inflation in the basic necessities of life, such as food and clothing, and therefore has a significant impact on the welfare and living standards of the populace. Few studies have looked at the factors driving the increase in retail building cost. This research aimed to bridge the knowledge gap by investigating how trends in the costs of key building materials influence corresponding annual changes in retail building costs. Regression and correlational analyses were applied to historical cost trend data for the key building components and for the retail building as a whole, over the period 2008-2013. The results showed that external claddings, services, structure and internal finishing together contributed to about 80% of the building cost increases over the study period. Further investigation of the relationship between material costs and building costs across the various types of retail buildings is recommended. This knowledge will guide project teams on which elements to prioritise in their cost reduction efforts.
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Construction Waste Quantification and Source Evaluation The waste generation from the Construction Industry is a major environmental problem as it increases the need for raw materials to construct new buildings and increases pollution during waste disposal. This research looks at construction waste quantification and source evaluation in order to highlight ways to reduce overall waste generation in New Zealand. It focuses only on residential construction projects in the Auckland region. A quantitative research approach was adopted to collect data for the research. Research findings confirmed that large amount of construction waste are produced in the design and the construction phases of the project life cycle. According to the findings, timber, metal, fixings, painting and plastic are the top five waste materials generated in residential projects in New Zealand. Improved site management and the hiring of experienced employees on site were identified as the best ways of reducing construction waste.
Yi Luo
Macleans College Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Niluka Domingo
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Increasing Housing Affordability through Low Cost Construction and Sustainable Design
Currently within New Zealand there is a shortage of available homes for both rental and purchase. The construction industry needs to focus on creating affordable housing based on sustainable and healthy design. The purpose of this research was to investigate the potential opportunities for this type of construction in New Zealand. A mixed method approach was adopted in order to collect data from property professionals, architects, architectural designers, quantity surveyors, project managers and contractors. Data was collected from 140 questionnaire responses and 11 interviews. The results show that medium density housing of modular construction, prefabrication and standardised elements, with a passive design focus and simple unique aesthetics would reduce overall housing construction cost while delivering healthy and sustainable homes to New Zealanders.
Emma Lusty
Victoria University of Wellington / Motueka High School Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Niluka Domingo
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Zeaid Masfar
Alfaisal High School Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Mr Naseem Ameer Ali
Role of Expert Witnesses in Construction Dispute Resolution Construction disputes are inevitable due to differences in interest among construction project stakeholders. Most construction disputes are resolved using alternative dispute resolution methods with litigation in court as a last resort. Whether in arbitration or litigation, expert witnesses are employed to assist the arbitrator or judge impartially on matters that fall outside the tribunal’s area of expertise. This research considers the question of what areas of expertise are necessary for expert witnesses. A survey found that experts were typically necessary and were appointed by each party to a dispute. Ideally they should both be similarly briefed, conduct similar investigations and reach similar conclusions, leaving it to the parties to negotiate any potential early settlement. Expert witnesses needed the skill to assist their client without compromising their duty to the tribunal, the parties or the ethics of their profession. It is recommended that expert witness training be instituted by professional bodies before anyone is permitted to act as an expert witness in construction dispute resolution tribunals.
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Mayank Mayank Massey University Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Mikael Boulic
Sleep Disturbance due to Indoor Noise Exposure in Inner Residential Environment
Exposure to noise at night is known to cause sleep disturbance in people. This study aims at investigating the impact of noise on sleep in households located close to motorways in Auckland. A survey of 42 households, living near a motorway, showed that over 70% have issues with noise exposure during the night that causes sleep disturbance. The average household noise level was measured at 81dB using a smart phone application. The greatest disturbance was caused by heavy trucks. Occupants suggested that the level of night-time noise could be reduced by: • The installation of high noise-barrier walls • Restricting the access of heavy vehicles to the motorways at night
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Fuel Poverty in New Zealand Approximately a quarter of New Zealand households suffer from fuel poverty; needing to spend 10% of their annual income on heating their homes to acceptable temperatures as recommended by the World Health Organization. There are significant health risks associated with living in excessively cold conditions. This research investigates the energy expenses and social issues during winter in 25 low-income households in the Auckland area. The results showed that 76% of these households used extra warm clothing and blankets instead of paying for heating. In addition, to decrease the need to purchase energy for heating, occupants tried to reduce heat losses by insulating their homes and installing heavy floor-length curtains. Participants suggested that government subsidies for fuel and double-glazed windows would help to decrease fuel poverty and improve winter health issues that arise from living in a cold indoor environment in New Zealand.
Sioeli Moli
Hamilton Boys High School Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Mikael Boulic
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Jasmeet Prakash Botany Downs Secondary College Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Niluka Domingo
Construction Waste Management Practices in the New Zealand Construction Industry The production of waste causes major damage to people and the planet. There are many ways waste can be minimized and this research aims to uncover the waste minimization practices of the construction industry in New Zealand. A broad range of stakeholders, from principal contractors to labourers, were surveyed on their waste management procedures. The key findings are: • Most companies have waste management practices in place but few focus on minimizing waste • Construction waste is commonly re-used, recycled, put into landfill or incinerated • As the building industry considers profitability and waste minimization, profitability wins out over environmental concern Government incentives and enforcement strategies are needed to promote waste minimization in the construction industry. In addition, the government needs to improve awareness of the problems associated with construction waste in an effort to make future construction projects more environmentally friendly.
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Women in Construction The New Zealand construction industry has traditionally been male dominated. The percentage of women has increased in recent years; however women are still in the minority. This project researched the factors preventing women from entering the industry. A survey was administered to members of the construction industry. The aim was to investigate reasons for the gender gap. The results of the research showed that some women were scared about reaching a glass ceiling that will prevent them from moving up the career ladder due to having time off work to bring up children. A large percentage of participants felt even though women are outnumbered by men and potentially interrupt their careers for family duties, they still have an equal opportunity to excel at their careers.
Gail Royston
Westlake Girls High School Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Professor Robyn Phipps
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Home Renovation for Profit Property development and investment in real estate are popular business areas in New Zealand. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors that affect financial effectiveness of house renovation and to define house features which provide the highest return to homeowners when doing house renovation for profit. The qualitative method was used and involved analyzing the data in the published sources along with conducting a questionnaire. There were two main target groups particularly the property developers and the renovation companies. The results from this research showed that to get profit from a renovation project it is not enough to know the features that need to be renovated. This problem should be viewed in connection with the set of different factors such as location, the target market, supply and demand on the current housing market, the right timing for resale and others. In general the findings about renovation in New Zealand are quite similar to the data from other countries such as the USA and Australia. Areas for further research include a comparison of financial data such as how much the different house features could add to the property value and return on investment.
Viktoriya Shnyrova Far Eastern State Academy of Arts Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Professor Robyn Phipps
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Mark Su
Rangitoto College Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Niluka Domingo
Using BIM for Waste Minimisation 50% of the waste produced in New Zealand is construction and demolition waste, 20% of which is disposed of by means of landfill. The purpose of this research is to find out the suitability of BIM in minimizing waste in the design and construction phases. A survey was conducted among BIM users in the construction industry (predominantly in Malaysia and New Zealand) regarding this issue. A mixed methods approach was used, where a combination of quantitative and qualitative data was extracted. It was found that although the industry’s primary concerns with the use of BIM are currently elsewhere, professionals are already seeing its benefits in waste minimisation. Major sources of waste such as omissions (in the design phase) and rework/variations (in the construction phase) were identified as major causes of concern for the respondents. Aspects of BIM such as the automatic update in changes to design, scheduling tool, and the 3 dimensional displays were deemed advantageous in the minimization of these waste sources.
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Samuel Taylor
Weltec Major: Bachelor of Construction Supervisor: Dr Jasper Mbachu
Responding to Risks in Construction Contracts
Multiple risks are present in all construction contracts. During the bid process the contractor has to identify the different risk factors inherent in each prospective project. There is little or no information on how to model and respond appropriately to construction contract risks, hence contractors overcompensate for risk or leave themselves dangerously exposed. This study aimed to investigate the key contractual risk factors in the New Zealand construction industry and their mitigation measures. An online survey of construction practitioners in New Zealand showed 21 risk factors. The top four risks, in order of diminishing importance, were: • Insufficient delivery timeframes imposed by the client • Unforeseen site conditions • Changes in prices of key resources inputs, and • Skill shortages
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A framework was recommended for proper contractual risk identification and modelling, with a view to minimizing risk exposures and improving profit margins on jobs. This will improve cash flow, growth, viability and sustenance of construction businesses in New Zealand.
Improving Health and Safety on the Worksite Health and safety in the New Zealand Construction Industry is poor when compared to other industries. The Construction Industry accounts for 15% of ACC claims in New Zealand at a cost of 80 million dollars of tax payers’ money. The purpose of this research is to find ways to improve construction workers’ health and safety through worker involvement and stakeholder feedback. Survey results found that 75% of participants were of the opinion that stakeholder feedback is beneficial to improving health and safety as it provides an outsider’s view on the site health and safety. This allows issues that workers may not see as hazardous to be identified and avoided. It was concluded that education of workers is the best way to improve worker health and safety as it gives them a greater understanding of the hazards on site and allows them to be more effectively involved in health and safety planning.
Nicholas Turley Takapuna Grammar Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Jasper Mbachu
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Wenliang Wang Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Professor Robyn Phipps
Home Renovation – What House Features Provide the Highest Return?
This research focuses on the renovation for profit of residential houses in New Zealand. Property investors were interviewed to investigate the house features they look for in the purchase of an investment property and the types of renovation works and improvements they made to increase the value of the property. The research showed: • Property investors look for features such as good location and adequate size in potential properties • The preferred renovation, in terms of profitability, was painting both the interior and exterior of the house.
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Owner-Occupiers Maintenance Behaviours: A Survey Of Auckland Homeowners
The BRANZ House Condition Surveys have repeatedly found that the average New Zealand home has around $4500 of essential maintenance outstanding and that this is leading to deterioration in the quality of the housing stock. A survey was administered to 21 owner-occupiers of 1950s -1960s homes to investigate their building maintenance behaviours in terms of spending, attitude and maintenance activities. A key finding is that most homeowners are doing some home maintenance, but not to the levels recommended by BRANZ. The main reason given for deferring maintenance was money and the attitude “if it’s not broken don’t fix it”. The most common maintenance activities are: • Washing the exterior of homes • Painting • Repairing and replacing the exterior decks • Repairing windows and doors It is recommended that homeowners should be educated on the benefits of a good home maintenance routine, to enable future generations to have the opportunity to live in well-maintained housing.
Scott Ward
Taradale High School Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Professor Robyn Phipps
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Investigation of Perceptions of BIM Impact on Construction Industry Building information modelling (BIM) uses computer software to create a 3-dimensional digital representation of a construction project. Data is embedded within this image, expanding its uses beyond the scope of just visual representation, and introducing fourth and fifth elements of time management (4D BIM) and cost data generation (5D BIM). This research paper gains insight into the perceptions of Quantity Surveyors, Architects and Construction Managers and reveals what impact the role of BIM has on their current profession. The main findings are: •
BIM use is still in its infancy in New Zealand’s Construction Industry
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Construction professionals believe BIM offers many potential benefits
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The greatest barrier to BIM uptake is lack of knowledge about BIM and this could be remedied with more training.
Luke Wilkinson
KingsWay School Major: Construction Management and Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Niluka Domingo
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Scott Wilson
Pukekohe High School Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Dr Claire Flemmer
Comparison of construction Costs in Sydney & Auckland This research looks at the differences in the cost of building a 4-bedroom timber-framed home in Sydney and Auckland. In Auckland, most materials are locally sourced from small suppliers and have significantly higher costs than those used in Sydney homes. This is especially true for timber products. The importation of materials into New Zealand may be a way to bring these costs down. The price of steel framing is comparatively low in New Zealand suggesting that this might be an attractive alternative to timber. The hourly labour rate is much lower in New Zealand than it is in Australia but the time to construct a home in Auckland is much longer than that in Sydney so that total labour costs are similar. This indicates that New Zealand builders are not as efficient as their Australian counterparts.
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Yang Xiang
San Francisco State University Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Mr Naseem Ameer Ali
Terms of Contract for Subcontracting The majority of construction project works are subcontracted. The purpose of this research is: • To investigate the use of standard and non-standard terms of construction subcontracts • To identify the underlying reasons for subcontractors and main contractors for choosing certain types of subcontracts and • To establish the key factors that make a good subcontract. The research method used interviews of main contractors and subcontractors. The findings indicate that the subcontract is generally selected by the main contractor and that it is dependent on the value and risk. The greater the degree of uncertainty (and risk) transferred to the subcontractor, the greater the price implication. Based on the findings and analysis, it is recommended that a good set of terms of subcontract should have a high level of flexibility and should not be written in complex language.
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A Survey of “Willingness to Pay” for Sustainable Housing Features of New Home Buyers Over the past few decades there has been an increasing focus on how to build sustainable housing. This research aims to analyze the attitudes and perceptions of new home buyers on sustainable housing features (such as solar water heaters and LED bulbs) and examines their willingness to pay for these features. A survey of 40 participants reveals: •
Most home buyers are willing to pay for sustainable features
•
The willingness to pay is greatest when the features result in savings such as reduced energy bills
•
The higher the level of education of the participant, the greater the appreciation of sustainable features
•
Sustainable features that do not require a large investment are preferred
Efforts to promote sustainable housing will be more successful if they include education on sustainability and incentive policy measures such as government grants.
Juncheng Zhang
Victoria University of Wellington Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Professor Robyn Phipps
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Ying Zhao
Punan High School Major: Quantity Surveying Supervisor: Mr Naseem Ameer Ali
Traditional versus Design and Build The ‘Traditional’ and the ‘Design and Build’ procurement methods are the two most commonly used procurement systems in the construction industry. The Traditional procurement method has prevailed for more than 100 years, but building owners are now increasingly moving towards using the Design and Build procurement method in many countries. This research investigates the difference between the two procurement methods and aims to establish the extent of use, the variables that affect performance and the future of these procurement methods in New Zealand. A qualitative research method was used to gain information from experienced people through face-to-face interviews. The main finding of this research is that the Traditional procurement method is commonly used and is cheaper than Design and Build, but it tends to result in delays. The Traditional method is more likely to be used for building own houses while the Design and Build method is more likely to be used for building shopping malls. A conclusion drawn is that the Design and Build procurement method has more growth potential than the Traditional procurement method.
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Supervisor
Contact Email
Dr Temitope Egbelakin
T.Egbelakin@massey.ac.nz
Dr Jasper Mbachu
J.I.Mbachu@massey.ac.nz
Dr Niluka Domingo
N.D.Domingo@massey.ac.nz
Dr Claire Flemmer
C.L.Flemmer@massey.ac.nz
Professor Robyn Phipps
R.A.Phipps@massey.ac.nz
Mr Naseem Ameer Ali
N.A.N.AmeerAli@massey.ac.nz
INDEX By Student Name First Name Hussein Benjamin Christie Vasily Eamon Michelle Cresilda Hanqiao Jed Lee Tjaart Sam Caleb Cong Ni (Jennifer) Peter James Tamzin Lu Yi Emma Zeaid Mayank Sioeli Jasmeet Gail Viktoriya
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Surname Al-Haj Ali..................................................................6 Andrews...................................................................7 Biggar.......................................................................8 Bokun.......................................................................9 Borer.......................................................................10 Bound.....................................................................11 Cross.......................................................................12 Fu.............................................................................13 Goldsmith...............................................................14 Greshon..................................................................15 GrovĂŠ......................................................................16 Hinder.....................................................................17 Hynes......................................................................18 Ji..............................................................................19 Jian.........................................................................20 Labbad....................................................................21 Lawson...................................................................22 Letele......................................................................23 Liu............................................................................24 Luo..........................................................................25 Lusty.......................................................................26 Masfar....................................................................27 Mayank..................................................................28 Moli.........................................................................29 Prakash..................................................................30 Royston..................................................................31 Shnyrova................................................................32
Mark Samuel Nicholas Wenliang Scott Luke Scott Yang Juncheng Ying
Su............................................................................33 Taylor......................................................................34 Turley......................................................................35 Wang......................................................................36 Ward.......................................................................37 Wilkinson...............................................................38 Wilson....................................................................39 Xiang.......................................................................40 Zhang......................................................................41 Zhao........................................................................42
FOR MORE INFORMATION Email: Engineering@massey.ac.nz Or visit: www.massey.ac.nz.engineering
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