ANALYSIS: WIEN UMWELT STADT VIENNA: ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM AND EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS 0
2.5
5
VIENNA: DISTRICT SUBDIVISION AND INTERNAL CONNECTIONS
10Km VIENNA
Source: city of Vienna, data.gv.at
Ringstrasse
Grüngürtel: local recreation area and viennese woods public parks and green areas
Schematic representation of the rings system and the radial connections
Gürtel radial road connections
water system
local street
railways system
l rte gü ün r G
districts borders
train stations
1.
districts
train s-bahn stops fast connection road
21.
tel Gür
alte do na
Rin
19.
gstrasse
u
18.
franz-j.bhf
a
8.
14.
wienmitte
22.
9.
16.
u na do
uk do n a
nal
westbhf wien
20.
17.
15.
hauptbhf
2.
1.
7.
3. 6.
4. 5.
meidlingbhf 12.
13.
10.
11.
23.
TRANSPORTATION MODE SHARE
MAIN CITY MOBILITY STRATEGIES: FROM 1968 TO STEP 2025 Source: city of Vienna, wien.gv.at
SUBWAY EXPANTION
PARKING MANAGEMENT: PAY PARKING ON THE STREET
1969-1982
1993
1989-2000
1995-1999
2006-2010
2012
2013-2017
2013-17
from 1993 to 2018 source: Wiener Linien, 2018. wienerlinien.at +4
7
2018
2019-ongoing -2
3
38
199
29
3
26
+9
28
40
29 -11
STEP 2025: ONGOING CITY PLAN source: city of Vienna, 2014. wien.gv.at
2025
80
20
CURRENT MOBILITY SYSTEM Source: city of Vienna, data.gv.at
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
BIKE CONNECTIONS
COMMUNITARIAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES Annual ticket public transportation 46% city population 1 € / DAY
subway
bike lanes
tram bus
Bike lanes
+63%
1993: 190Km 2018: 1200 Km
Bike mode share +6% in the last 25 years
TEMPO 30 street limit speed 30 km/h
PARKING MANAGEMENT districts with paying parking on streets
Fatal accidents along streets
-70% probability
Parking fee and increes pay car park
€
almost 100 million euro every year destinated among other things to public transportation and bycicling
reduction of carbon dioxide emissions
CO2 -9% cars in the last 15 years
-10% in last 15 years
0
2.5
5
mastic asphalt (a: o,15) permeable surface (a: 0,2-0,4)
10Km
concrete asphalt (a: 0,05-0,2) Source: Ecoten Urban comfort, 2019. urban-comfort.eu
Quarter: Cottageviertel District: 19th Density: 29 dw/ha Cars: 399/1000dw
VALUE INCLUDED FROM ONE TO ZERO
Trees along streets
Figure-ground diagram
pa th st re et pa rk in co g lo nt ts in sid uo ew us gr al ee k n
URBAN HEAT VULNERABILITY INDEX
ca r
materials and albedo
pr iv at e sid g ew ard en al k co nt in uo us pa rk gr in ee g n lo pa ts th
ANALYSIS: CONTEXT
Environmental matrix
0.21-0.3 0.31-0.4
0.47
0.41-0.5 0.51-0.6 0.61-0.7
Cottagegasse 16 m bright 20% permeable surface 80% waterproof
0.71-0.8 0.81-0.9
mastic asphalt
mastic asphalt a: 0,15
rivers and st
concrete asphalt a: 0,05-0,2 concrete-cement panels a: 0,10-0,35 cobblestone with sealing compound a: 0,20-0,4 granite blocks a: 0,20-0,4
gr ee n
pa rk sid ing ew lo al t s k
st re et ca r
sid ew al k
Quarter: Strozzigrund District: 8th Density: 233 dw/ha Cars: 305/1000dw
ya rd
permeable surface a: 0,2-0,4
rivers and streams
permeable surface 0,20-0,40
concrete-cement panels 0,10-0,35
0.77
natural stone 0,30-0,40
mastic asphalt
Strozzigasse 12 m bright 100% waterproof
mastic asphalt a: 0,15
rivers and st
permeable surface a: 0,2-0,4
rivers and streams
concrete asphalt a: 0,05-0,2 mastic asphalt
mastic asphalt concrete-cement panels a: 0,15 a: 0,10-0,35 permeable surface cobblestone with sealing a: 0,2-0,4 compound a: 0,20-0,4
la rg e
0.90
natural stone 0,30-0,40
ya rd
granite blocks a: 0,20-0,4
concrete-cement panels 0,10-0,35
gr ay
cobblestone with sealing compound a: 0,20-0,4 permeable surface 0,20-0,40
sid ew al k
sid ew al k
concrete-cement panels a: 0,10-0,35
st re et s
concrete asphalt a: 0,05-0,2
lin es
granite blocks a: 0,20-0,4
tw o
rivers and streams
lo ts
rivers and st
pa rk in g
Quarter: Fasanviertel District: 3th Density: 124 dw/ha Cars: 419/1000dw
permeable surface 0,20-0,40
concrete-cement panels 0,10-0,35
natural stone 0,30-0,40
Fasangasse 18 m bright 100% waterproof
CONTEXT: LERCHENFELDERSTRASSE AS THRESHOLD PROJECT SITE’S SELECTION CRITERIA 0
1
0.5
2 km
Source: city of Vienna, wien.gv.at
planned projects
district park
site project
city park
streets
Gürtel
Ringstr asse
ia Mar
rstra hilfe
s se
CAR PROPORTION AND POPULATION DENSITY Alserstrasse
200,8 dwellers/ha 315,1 cars/1000 dwellers 233,6 dwellers/ha 301,6 cars/1000 dwellers
Josefstä dters tras se
se
Ziglergasse
Vienna: 29,6% SPÖ 30,8% FPÖ
Lerc hen feld erst
rass e
Vienna: 46 dwellers/ha 373,8 cars/1000 dwellers
m eu us M se as str
asse erg Zoll e gass hen Kirc
Gürtel
Museumsquartier
Kunsthistorisches Museum
Gürtel
se as str
Burggasse
se
se as str
m eu us M
HOT SPOTS
gasse Lange
project’s site
Lerc hen feld erst ras
rass e
Burggasse
gas Neubau se
se
Ringstr asse
Parliament
Lerc hen feld erst
se as str
streets
30,5% ÖVP 27,2% Grüne
Josefstä dters tras se
Josefstä dters tras se
green street-island
41% Grüne 24,7 % SPÖ
Alserstrasse
se
8th district. Josefstadt
m eu us M
Lerc hen feld erst ras
Town hall
7th district. Neubau
climate change adaptation
m eu us M
Josefstä dters tras se
built shared street
se
University
1st district. Innere Stadt
s tga Stif
Alserstrasse
POLITICAL MAJORITY
Ringstr as
SHARED STREETS AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION STREET
Ringstr as
LANDMARKS AND GREEN AREAS
Gürtel
Burggasse
s stra ilfer h a i Mar
tras fers iahil Mar
se
se
ia Mar
rstra hilfe
s se
LOW GREEN DENSITY
ROAD NETWORK
BIKE NETWORK
PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK
transverse connection radial connection local street
Alserstrasse
street
Alserstrasse
streets
Alserstrasse
existing bike lanes
subway tram
running way
bus stops
se
Burggasse
Gürtel
Burggasse
se
se as str
Gürtel
m eu us M
se as str
se as str
tras fers iahil r a M
se
m eu us M
m eu us M
Burggasse
Lerc hen feld erst ras
Gürtel
se
HIGH POPULATION DENSITY
Lerc hen feld erst ras
Ringstr asse
Ringstr asse
Lerc hen feld erst ras
Josefstä dters tras se
Josefstä dters tras se
Ringstr asse
Josefstä dters tras se
s se rstra hilfe a i r Ma
ia Mar
s se rstra hilfe
LERCHENFELDERSTRASSE: SURFACES
PUBLIC SURFACE OCCUPATION
Gürt e
felde r s t ra sse
City center
e ss
Driveway surface approx. 50% Concrete/asphalt a: 0,05-0,35
Lerc hen
Rin gst ra
Vienna woods
l
CAR DOMAIN
LERCHENFELDERSTRASSE: HOT SPOTS Environmental simulations were made using the software ENVI_MET
Parking > 13% Cobblestone with sealing compound a: 0,2-0,4
AIR TEMPERATURE AT 12 O’CLOCK ON THE 30TH JUNE 2019 < 27.5 °C 28.1 28.5 28.8
PEOPLE DOMAIN
29 > 29.2
Pedway <40% mastic asphalt a: 0,15
TREES CAGES
SURFACE TEMPERATURE AT 20 O’CLOCK ON THE 30TH JUNE 2019
< 24.0 °C 26.0 27.5
Permeable <1% naked soil a: 0,2-0,4
28.3 29.0 > 30. 2
ANALYSIS: LERCHENFELDERSTRASSE SITE PROJECT: LERCHENFELDERSTRASSE SIDEWALKS
TRAFFIC LIGHTS AND PEDESTRIAN DIS-CONNECTIONS
sidewalk
19 MINUTES 20 % WAITING TIME
0
0 ,5
1 km
PARKING LOTS
PHYSICAL AND VISUAL BARRIER
CONTINUOUS PARKING LOTS REPRESENT AN INSURMOUNTABLE BARRIER BOTH VISUAL AND PHYSICAL
parking lots
PEDESTRIAN ROUTES, GREEN AREAS AND BARRIERS
CENTRALITIES
new pedestria routes according to STEP 2025
private green
barrier to green areas
public green
GROUND FLOOR ACTIVITIES
DYNAMISM
shops
bank/post
gastronoies
hotel/event room
garages
church and clergy house
market
public transport stops
LERCHENFELDERSTRASSE: SECTIONS, MATERIALS AND MOBILITY HIERARCHY
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF STREET FLOWS AND HIERARCHIES
materials and albedo mastic asphalt a: 0,15 permeable surface a: 0,2-0,4 concrete asphalt a: 0,05-0,2 concrete-cement panels a: 0,10-0,35 cobblestone with sealing compound a: 0,20-0,4
RANGE 16-18 M
granite blocks a: 0,20-0,4 cars + tram 8 m
Pedway 3 m
Pedway 2,5 m
parking 2 m
parking 2,5 m
RANGE 30-40 M cars + tram 11 m
Pedway 3 m
Pedway and church square 22 m
parking 2 m
RANGE 14-15 M
cars + tram 6.5 m
Pedway 3 m parking 2 m
RANGE 19-23 M
Pedway 2 m parking 1.8 m
cars + tram 11 m
Pedway 3 m parking 2.7 m
Pedway 3,4 m parking 2,5 m
P
0. Actual situation
PHASES
PROGRAMS
compactmechanical parking systems
Paris agreement: net zero CO2 emissions
Vienna city plan
integrated transportation system
car sharing
15% 2030 Special errands Small trips
Sub-surfaces‘ reorganisation
Sponge system
O2
More and bigger trees
1. No parking in public space
CO2
2. New vital space
Reorganisation of flow hierarchies
Heat island tackle
water management
public space - public life
empower the community
playing evapotranspiration and shadow
heavy rain sink
stay and relax
increased albedo
parklets for people and gastronomies
water spray
3. From cars to people
canopy
self expression
new perspective
plants as filter and attraction
CONCEPT
CONCEPT: REORGANISATION OF FLOWS’ HIERARCHIES
MAIN CAR CONNECTION
BIKE CONNECTIONS
Alserstrasse
Alserstrasse
transverse connection radial connection local street
street existing bike lanes e lanes new bike
Josefstä dters tras se
Lerc hen feld erst ras
Josefstä dters tras se
se
Ringstr asse
proposed one way
cars can only drive one way and on the tram tracks
Ringstr asse
running way
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE PROPOSED INTERVENTION
Burggasse
Gürtel
Gürtel
se as str
se as str
m eu us M
m eu us M
Burggasse
evenly paved piazzas prioritize pedestrians and make bicycle connections with cross roads easier thanks to speed reduction and the use of a gum tecnology in the tracks tras fers iahil r a M
se
tras fers iahil r a M
se
PRIORITY TO PEDESTRIAN: PIAZZAS AND LOADING AREAS piazzas: speed reduction bike connections
car un-/loading areas
the street has got loading and unloading areas for cars, which will always have a distance between them to increase street porosity.
ACCESSIBILITY: ONE LEVEL STREET one level street prioritized and smooth path
HEAT ISLANDS TACKLE light colour pavement green surfaces and trees
sponge system heavy rain sink
PUBLIC SPACE - PUBLIC LIFE benches
streets terraces
market
community gathering
play areas decorative trees
canopy
less design - self expression
water feature
new points of view
FROM CARS TO PEOPLE
CONCEPT: CENTRALITIES + DYNAMISM
CONCEPT: POROSITY AND BREAKS
PLAN AND CUT 1:500
STAY CONNECTED
CURRENT SITUATION
THE PATH FOR A POROUS STREET
PARKING LOTS: ~200 BIKE PARKING: 93 SEATING POSSIBILITIES: 19
THE PIAZZAS AS INTERVALS ALONG THE STREET
PROJECT SITUATION
LOADING CAR LOTS: 50 BIKE PARKING: 100 SEATING POSSIBILITIES: OVER 200
WATER CONCEPT Heavy rainfall containers
The path
slab-on-ground concrete
1,5 m deep 200 m3 water Pavement
0,8 m deep 900 m3 water
light granite
1,5 m deep 1600 m3 water
Flower beds 0,5 m deep 650 m3 water
SPONGE SYSTEM
Refreshing fontain
stored water is evapotranspired by plants
s tor lec l o c ter wa
Refreshing fontain: from stay cool surplus water stored in the sponge system
ter wa
s tor ec l l co
GÜRTEL AND SUBWAY
STAY CONNECTED
MARKET’S PIAZZA
PLAYGROUND
+193 m
s‘ ro ots
+193 m
+196 m
Heavy rainfall containers: from green transition
heavy rainfall is stored locally
mo re s pac e fo r pl ant
rain water stored in the sponge system
stored water evapotranspired by plants
Flower bed: from stay connected
PIAZZA
URBAN LIFE
PROJECT: MASTERPLAN
PUBLIC SPACE - PUBLIC LIFE PIAZZA
FUNCTIONS, ACTIVITIES AND DESIGN FOR A WELCOMING OPEN SPACE TO LIVE AND CONNECT THE COMMUNITY Community gathering point
MARKET’S PIAZZA
stairs to the lawn
Tram stop
PLAYGROUND
green roof
Pavement
Tram stop
light granite
roof terrace
Tram platform
Playground
gentle slope
bench as divider
Playground
Market’s stands
multi activities area
under the trees
Shading roof
Outdoor terrace
net to climb
designed parklets
URBAN LIFE
PIAZZA: STAY COOL
Piazza
old Vienna cobble
Foggy fountain
Outdoor terrace
cooling hot wave
seat-back as divider
Safe biking
gum technology in the tram tracks
Piazza pavement
The path
old Vienna cobble
slab-on-ground concrete
Piazza
Tram stop
PIAZZA
GREEN TRANSITION
+189 m
CHANGE IT!
+190 m
+191 m
+191 m
PIAZZA: STAY COOL
+185 m
wooden platform
green roof
MUSEMSTRASSE
PROJECT: MATERIALS AND VEGETATION STRATEGIES AGAINST URBAN HEAT ISLANDS
VEGETATION SELECTION
CUT’ KEYPLAN
TREES SUITABLE FOR THE SPONGE SYSTEM
CUTS AND PLANS’ SCALE 1:100 MARKET’S PIAZZA: CUT AA’ A
RAIN WATER BASINS
A‘
C B‘
PIAZZAS
C‘
B TREE ROW
air temperature difference between current state and project‘s one: ENVI_MET simulation >0,6� C
IN PLACE
0,2 � C
surface temperature and albedo comparison between current state and project’s one: ENCI_MET simulation current
current project
Relax and water collector area: 16 m
Tram and car: 6 m
project
25
0,15 10 6
11
16
21
Market‘s piazza: 41 m
surface temperature (C)
35
albedo
0,2
Safe biking
gum technology in the tram tracks
FUNCTIONAL CRITERIA
Piazza
old Vienna cobble
(hour) TREE ROW
air temperature difference between current state and project‘s one: 12 O’CLOCK ON THE 30th June 2019 ENVI_MET simulation
PIAZZAS
Acer platanoides L. Tilia cordata Mill. Sorbus aria Crantz
below -0.32 °C -0.32 to -0.23 -0.23 to -0.14 -0.14 to -0.05 -0.05 to 0.03
RAIN WATER BASINS Fraxinus excelsior L. Betula pendula Roth Ulmus minor Mill.
Magnolia kobus DC. Idesia polycarpa Maxim.
CANOPY: DIAMETER >10m
CANOPY: DIAMETER 5-7m
CANOPY: DIAMETER 6-15m
DECIDUOUS: WINTER SUN
DECORATIVE VALUE
DECIDUOUS: WINTER SUN
NTEGRATION WITH EXISTING SPECIES
DECIDUOUS: WINTER SUN
0.03 to 0.12
COMPOSITIONAL CRITERIA
piazza stay cool: 23 m Foggy fountain cooling hot wave
the path: 2,5 m
tram and car: 6m
the path: 8,5 m
green transition: 31 m
Piazza
old Vienna cobble
boardwalk: 3 m
STAY COOL
canopy to climb: 9,5 m
MARKET’S PIAZZA
tramway and car: 6 m
TREE ROW
GREEN TRANSITION: CUT CC’
PIAZZAS
PIAZZA: STAY COOL: CUT BB’
The path
slab-on-ground concrete
Pavement
Boardwalks
light granite
Pavement
steel
light granite
TECHNICAL SECTION. SCALE 1:20 Source: Anika Stelzl, TU Graz - Institute for Urban Water Management and Landscape Water Engineering
cobbles (10cm) continuous support 0-15mm (4 cm) base layer (25cm) undergravel mat (3cm)
plant soil type A-C plant soil type D loosening of the existing soil (20 cm)
tree grate concrete cube (140*140*70 cm) gravel 2-4 mm
STAY CONNECTED: THE PATH. GRANITE PAVEMENT AND SPONGE SYSTEM
cobbles (8cm) continuous support 0-15mm (4 cm) base layer (15cm)
geotextile class 3 air permeable base layer gravel 32-63 mm (20cm) skeleton soil gravel 100-150mm (60-80 cm) loosening of the existing soil (20 cm)
laying concrete (15 cm) sliding fabric gravel 0-32 mm (10 cm)
street drain with sand filter overflow outflow
plant soil type A-C plant soil type D
waste water pipe tree grate concrete cube 140*140*70 cm strip foundation C 20/25
street drain spacer ring concrete air holes at the height of the air-permeable base layer gravel 2-4 mm
cobbles (8cm) continuous support 0-15mm (4 cm) base layer (15cm)
WATER BASIN
PIAZZAS: OLD VIENNA COBBLES, TRAM WAY AND SPONGE SYSTEM