MATHIAS SKOVBO 2012221 AARHUS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE 6TH SEMESTER
table of contents
DEN KOLLEKTIVE BYDEL 04 INTRODUCTION THEORETICAL BACKGROUND THE SITE THE 2015 COLLECTIVE PROGRAM PRAGMATIC OPERATIONS GROWING A COMMUNITY
05 09 13 25 29 37 46
HIPPOTATION 66 THE SOCIAL GRID USER SCENARIO/PERSONA CONCEPT INSPIRATION OPEN/CLOSED
68 70 72 74 75
t oduc
intr
ion
DEN KOLLEKTIVE BYDEL This project is about investigating and interpreting the way of life in the traditional Danish collective housing. The Danish 70s collective model will be stretched and interpreted, thus fitting today’s needs and possibilities for a social and urban lifestyle. The 70s collective was a collective with responsibility; everybody owned everything and the residents shared the practical chores like cultivating the garden, doing laundry and watching eachothers children. The approaches to living together have changed radically over the years. Today, the modern person is still positive towards a united society but one no longer wishes to maintain a responsibility for eachothers lives. A more individual mind exists among the people today and it seems that a strong social need is to be able to fully control when you’re social and when you’re not.
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theoretical background
The pragmatic mentality within architecture is very inspiring. The key is to find the biggest problems in and around the site and then working towards it’s greatest potential. Roemer van Toorn describes the pragmatic mentality around the “projective practices” which is all about seeing possibilities in objective investigations, looking forward, instead of a critical architecture looking back and criticising something in the past. He explains how it’s possible to bring latent beauties, strengths and possibilities in architecture forward through diagrams and other objective analytical methods. Tor Nørretranders and Søren hermansen also describe how the human has a need to be both local and global. If you’ve got the global (oneself in larger social coherence) to contradict the local, it can be possible to become more local (living closer to each other and be more united in the way we do things in the everyday life).
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“One form of critical architecture - exemplified by the work of Eisenman, Liebeskind, Diller + Scorfidio, and Tschumi, - offers comments about architectural-social discourse and avoids looking for better alternatives in reality.” “Whiting and Somos’s proposed ‘projective practices’ aim to engage realities found in specific local contexts. Instead of hanging ideological prejudices (derived from utopian dreams or from criticism) on built form, the architectural project, in their view, must be rendered capable of functioning interactively.” “By systematically researching reality as found with the help of diagrams and other analytical measures, all kinds of latent beauties, forces and possibilities can, projective architects maintain, be brought to the surface.” Roemer van Toorn, ‘No More dreams?’ The New Architectural Pragmatism
“Our way of working is a start by identifying the key criteria of a project. What is the biggest problem? What is the greatest potential? So rather than arbitrary aesthetic or stylistic prejudice, all decisions are based on project-specific information. We call this information Driven Design - the idea that our design decisions are always informed by specific information.” BIG, Hot To Cold: an odyssey of architectual adaptation
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“We have become more local when it comes to things that consists of atoms: The food, the energy, being together, the children and the weak. We become more global when it comes to things that consists of bit: The media, networking, communication, games, play and knowledge” “We are entering a world where we revive the parish sized local communities and at the same time participate in global networks about ideas, knowledge, experiences and artistic expressions. The new thing is that we at the same time can become more local and more global. In this way we can overcome the claustrophoba in the local and the irresponsibleness in the global networks.”
“Vi blive mere lokale, når det handler om ting, der består af atomer: maden, energien, samværet, børnene og de svage. Vi bliver mere globale, når det handler om ting, der består af bit: medier, netværk, kommunikation, spil, leg og viden” “Vi er på vej ind i en verden, hvor vi genopliver de lokale fællesskaber i sognestørrelse og samtidig indgår i globale netværk om ideer, viden, oplevelser og kunstneriske udtryk. Det nye er, at vi på en gang kan blive mere lokale og mere globale. På den måde kan vi overvinde klaustrofobien i det lokale og ansvarsløsheden i de globale netværk. “ Søren Hermansen & Tor Nørretranders Fælledskab = fælled + fællesskab
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the site
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ODDERBANEN
LANGELINIEPARKEN
SITE
KLINTEGAARDEN
SKOVVEJEN
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MOLS
THE MARINA
BUILDING STRUCTURE In the analysis of the areas building structure near Skovvejen, we realised that our site is a borderline territory between industrial marina and the near-coast neighborhoods. Seen from the sea, the area is divided into industry and marina, our site that stands empty with abandoned buildings and as a contrast to this; exclusive residences. Further in comes Trøjborg with its traditional Danish housing. The area holds a great diversity when it comes to citizens and city morphology.
Erhverv Bebyggelse Bygninger pĂĽ site
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INFRASTRUCTURE Our site is an inbetween space between several paces of the city. East of the site runs the railway ‘Odderbanen’ and to the west, the busy bike lane and foot path ‘Risskovstien’. Across the southernmost part of the site, a pedestrian bridge makes a connection between Skovvejen and the marina. The area is heavy in traffic and as a consequence, noice has to be considered in the project.
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Fodgængere & Cykelister Villavej Tung trafik Tog
ARRIVAL AND EMERGED PATHWAYS By car, you can only enter the site through a narrow road running alongside a building in the south. If you’re walking or biking you can easily enter the site along the west side, because of the breaking down of the fence. We wish to maintain these ‘natural’ pathways. The site is completely cut off from the marina because of the railways.
Primære adgangsveje Opståede adgangsveje
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THE SHOPPING STREET An inbetween road, fenced by the many block-structures of Trøjborg. There is a very traditional division of these blocks; stores in the bottom and apartments on top. A hierarchy emerges in these spaces, where street is completely public, the courts inside the blocks are semi-private and the apartments are cut off from the public.
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Mols
Riis Skov
Aarhus city center
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9.00
12.00
SOMMER SOLHVERV 21. JUNI EFTERÅRSJÆVNDØGN 22.-23. SEP VINTER SOLHVERV 21. DEC
The site is rich in morning and mid-day sun all year round. Sun only shines on site after six in the evening suring the summer, because of the hilled terrain og Aarhus.
FORÅRSJÆVNDØGN 22.-23. MARTS
LIGHT CONDITIONS
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15.00
18.00
2
7 5
3 4
1
6
22
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
In the Sout-western part of site, the views from the buildings behind are threatened, because the terranial difference is a lot smaller than in the northern part. By walking up Skovvejen, the view of the bay gets better and better. View number six is the only view from site where you’re able to see the water directly, otherwise you’ll have to move up a story because of the low-rise buildings on the marina.
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the 2015 collective
VISION The site is a transition between the urban areas near the coast and the marina (Træskibs- fiskeri- og lystbådehavnen) near Aarhus Bay. Earlier on, the site used to belong to Danish Railways, DSB, but today it is an abandoned lot, containing two ramshackle buildings. The lot is situated in an attractive neighborhood as it’s close to the forest, the city and the sea. On the contrairy, the site faces great obsticles concerning noise from Skovvejen and the train running back and forward on Odderbanen, not to mention the busy bike lane running from Risskov to the city centre. Situated in the close context are; small city houses, the classical danish block structure and more modern big-scale apatment complexes as Tømmergaarden, Langelinjeparken and Klintegaarden. There is shopping facilities nearby and not too far is the shopping street of Trøjborg. The aim of the project is to rethink the traditional Danish collective house, looking towards bringing the idea into a new time. “We are entering a world where we revive the parish sized local communities and at the same time participate in global networks about ideas, knowledge, experiences and artistic expressions. The new thing is that we at the same time can become more local and more global. In this way we can overcome the claustrophoba in the local and the irresponsibleness in the global networks.” Tor Nørretranders and Søren Hermansen write in their book “Fælledskaber = Fælled + Fællesskaber. A theory which is very interesting to look at in the present as we experience a far larger global community with the digitization of the communication and therefore need a more intimate and local community to counterbalance with in our everyday life. Thus not concluding that we need to reinstate the 70s answer on collective housing but instead we have to be commune around some less binding things. One needs options and is not to be placed in a strict model on how a small community should work. We imagine the modern collective becoming the new, urban neighborhood with a collective way of thinking where there’s a possibility for maintaining the private dwelling with a common area where you can share your interests with your neighbors without having to expose your living room to the public.
At the same time there will be a public space which you share with the rest of the complex and the city that contains functions on the global level. We see the project as being seperated local units where it’s more about having a social responsibility to each other than a practical one and where the units in this way participate in a bigger, global collective where you can be joint about something more simple, as an activity or an interest. You can say that in the units, it’s about being there for each other physically and in the global context inbetween the units, you are there for each other mentaly. The private common area takes inspiration in the historical Danish village common which is an area that everyone owns together and is communal around. The global element enters in the collective as a public space accessible for both the surrounding citizens and the residents. Passageways and inbetween spaces emerges between the units where the city seeps in and mixes with the private spaces. The complex becomes thereby, after completion of the tram system, a part of the social plans that are to develop the marina as a centre for water sports. THE COLLECTIVE NEIGHBORHOOD The collective is the modern housing with a great social quality. There’s both place for being alone and together and the close social relations with your neighbors is created through negotiation of the common area. The place is a blank canvas that receives some social qualities through the needs of the residents - like an organism. It is important to have someone to have something in common with but it is also important that opposites attract, as different needs make possible that you give one thing, but receive another. In this way, the single man/woman can live a place with good social contacts, while the family gets an opportunity to have someone watch their child without having to drive a long way to drop them off. It is important to understand today, that we are free individuals, so it would not be possible to force people to participate in a small community, but you can stimulate people to want to participate. We like to say that this project creates time together through the intimate spaces.
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THE GLOBAL COMMON To be used by the residents and works in this way as their “global common” which mixes in with the public spaces. It contains joint, but optional functions. These include among others a spice garden, multifunction building, recreational areas, shops and parking for cars and bicycles.
THE DWELLING Consists of smaller units, designed in different ways to fit many different types of personalities who can provide a certain social quality for one another, thereby creating a great diversity in the complex.
THE LOCAL COMMON The common area only belonging to a few dwellings, organized and decorated through the residents’ internal negotiation. Everyone and no one owns the area and it is up to the society of residents to find out who has the greatest responsibility so it doesn’t turn out badly.
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program
This project’s program consists of a collaboration between a form generation strategy, inspirational projects from around the globe and a wish of creating a diverse society by combining different types of homes close together. We want to create a society where the single is not alone and where the family has to drive miles to have someone to watch their children. Space programme
Inspirational projects
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Operational strategy
SPACE PROGRAMME
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PARRET
ENLIGE
SAMMENBRAGT
FAMILIE
Stue Køkken Bad/toilet Soveværelse Entre/gang Opbevaring Toilet Fællesfunktioner
15
5
18
SINGLER
9 11 30
15
45
2 5
75
40
2 4
68
5 7 10
137
118
18
137
Soveværelse
Køkken
Stue
Toilet/bad
Toilet
Familie
1x15, 2x11
18
40
9
5
Sammenbragt familie
5
Stue Køkken Bad/toilet Soveværelse Entre/gang Opbevaring Toilet Fællesfunktioner
m2
Entre
Opbevaring
Total
5
4
118
5
4
137
2
2
75
3x15, 1x11
18
40
9
Enlige
2x11
10
30
9
Singler
1x11
10
15
5
2
2
45
Parret
1x15
10
30
9
2
2
68
31
1
4
2
5
6
3
INSPIRATION 1. Hunsett Mill by Acme, London studio Acme 2. Bosco Verticale, Stephano Boeri 3. Parking Attendant’s Pavilion, Jean-Luc Fugier 4. Place D ́Youville, Claude Cormier 5. Shoreham Street, Project Orange 6. Garden Shed Summer House,Ville Hara & Linda Bergroth 7. Lucien Rose Complex, Atelier du Pont
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7
OPERATION STRATEGY
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1. CONTEXT The site is an inbetween space between the marina, Langelinieparken and Skovvejen. The area is a narrow lot which stretches some 300 meters from south to north and measures 10.000 square meters. The district plan contains a residential complex in three stories divided in six units. 2. EXTRUTION The site is extruded and is hereby transformed into a threedimentional massive. 3. EXISTING BUILDINGS The skate hall creates a negative space in the massive. 4. VIEWS The massive is regulated in height according to the behind-placed houses’ views to express hubleness towards the area. 5. PASSAGEWAYS The massive is divided in smaller units due to the natural passages running back and forth on site. Passages and gaps start to form the unbuilt areas. The surrounding infrastructure influences the massive to create the public passage that figures in the project. 5.1 VIEWS ON AND FROM THE CONTEXT With same type of operation, gaps are formed in the massive, influenced by views from site and onto the context, and from the context and onto/through the site. 6. LIGHT Every unit is scaled and deformed according to the optimal light condition of the gaps and spaces within the massive. 7. SPACE PROGRAMME The space programme are brought onto the newly devided massives and the functions are spreaded onto the site. 8. ARCHITECTURAL TYPOLOGIES The units are formed taking inspiration in the elements of the city that favour the social aspect of the residential unit. The outcome is a collective with local communities and a possibility for the global network. 10. THE COLLECTIVE NEIGHBORHOOD As a result of the above mentioned operations, we end out having a diverse group of residential units. The units are programmed and designed for a variety of types of persons to create diversity
throughout the complex.
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pragmatic operations
Based on the pragmatic way of thinking, we lay down a series of operations, where the first five of them are seen as factual operations; operations based on something physical in the context. The following operations will be a part of the design process where the space programme slowly will have an effect on the cut up masive that was generated in the first steps of the process. In this way, the first five operations will be a way of creating an uncut diamond that we reffine through some human and functional parameters (the space programme). The completely factual and pragmatic parts of the process will then become a launch pad for a better and more social architecture as a result, sompared to the big flagship projects that focus on form instead of funktion.
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KONTEKST
CONTEXT Sitet er et mellemrum mellem træskibshavnen, Langelinjeparken og Skovvejen. Området er et smalt stykke jord, som strækker sig cirka 300 meter fra The syd sitetil nord is an space theLokamarina, og har et arealbetween på 10.000 m2. lplanen foreslår etand boligbyggeri i tre etager langelinieparken Skovvejen. Thefordelt area is på seks enheder. a narrow piece of land that stretches 300 meters from north to south and meassures 11.000 square meters. The district plan suggests six tall housing units spreaded on site.
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EKSTRUDERING
EXTRUSION
Matriklen ekstruderes og omdannes herved til et tredimentionelt massiv.
The lot is extruded and transformed into a massive shape.
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EKSISTERENDE BEBYGGELSE
EXISTING Skatehallen danner etBUILDINGS negativt rum i massiven. The skate hall creates a negative space in the massive shape.
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UDKIG
VIEWSud fra de bagvedliggenMassivet reguleres i højden de ejendommes udsigter, for at forholde sig ydmygt til omrüdet.
The massive is regulated in height, taking into account the views from the buildings behind.
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PASSAGER
PASAGEWAYS Sitet deles op i mindre enheder ud fra dets naturlige adgangsveje. Derved opstår der nogle passager og mellemrum der begynder at forme de ubebyggede The site is divided into based on retning its natural passagearealer. Hersmaller kigges ogsåunits på infrastrukturens i konteksten med and henblikinbetween på at skabe den offent- begin to occur. ways. In this way, passages spaces passage på site. Der skældnes mellem passager, In this operationlige the key is also to consider the direction of the inder forbinder den ene side af site til den anden, og frastructure andperforeringer traffic around site as an men inspirational factor for der ikkethe er gennemgående, kun skaberthrough adgang indthe på site, med inspiration fra de the public passage complex. There’s two categories of naturlige stier. passageways; perforations that only pierce through one side of the complex but don’t connect to the other side, and passages that run from one side of the lot and cuts through to the other. 42
KIG PÅ OG FRA KONTEKSTEN
ANDoperation FROM THE CONTEXT MedVIEWS sammeON type dannes mellemrum med udgangspunkt i kig fra konteksten og ind på site, og fra site og ud på konteksten.
With the same type of operation as ‘passageways’, gaps occur where views from the site or views through the site lies.
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SOLSTUDIER
LIGHT
Hver enhed skaleres og deformeres med hensyn til lysforhold på sitet. Solen bestemmer mest i snit, i forhold til hvor meget lys der bliver lukket ind på site. Facaderne hældes ved at flytte massivens overkant 1,5 meter ind fra passagen, og påføres passagerne. I ekstra tætte områder omgivet af store massiver, hældes tagfladerne én etage i den ene side.
Every unit is scaled and deformed based on creating optimal light conditions in the gaps. The facades are tilted by moving the uppermost edge of the massive 1,5 meters back. In the extra dense areas, the roof is also tipped one story in one side.
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MAKING SPACE The central passageway is expanded with the intent of using it as BRANDVEJ a fire escape, collection of centrale passage udvides med henblik p책 at bruge den trash,Den and as a conveinience for people movsom brandvej. P책 det smalleste sted er passagen 3 meter bred, hvor er 2,8 meter. ingmindstekravet in and out.
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Growing a community
Lot size: 11000 m2 Ground plan: 2827 m2 Floor space: 5075 m2 Population: 141 Apartments: 50 Families: 16 Couples: 13 Unmarried parents: 10 Singles: 6 Families 5+: 5
EARLY SKETCHES
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Northern green space
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Central street (public space)
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One of the central ideas in the collective, is that this new part of the city works as a hinge between the different neighborhoods and the marina, and that the architecture within takes inspiration from these. The west wing, for example, consists of two story apartments with access at the bottom level, inspired by the rythmic and narrow city houses. The east wing is inspired by the new buildings at the harbor that express one united facade, many apartments in one building and acces through a common stair turret. Also the materials reflect the city around the site.
Southeast Elevation
Northwest Elevation
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A
B
C
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N
DEN KOLLEKTIVE BYDEL PLAN 1:200
LIFTED OFF THE GROUND
EMBEDDED IN THE GROUND
INSCRIBED GROUND
Arkitekturen svæver over jorden, og respekterer den. Jorden bliver frigjort fra den tunge arkitektur. Der skabes noget rumligt, et void mellem de to, og de svarer hinanden formmæssigt. I projektet er den tungeste trafik af fodgængere med retning mod træskibshavnen løftet hen over projektet for at give det sociale gaderum en mere privat karakter.
Arkitekturen er ydmygt placeret under terræn og eksisterer uden egentlig at være der visuelt. Bygningen er undercover, og gemmer på overraskelser og oplevelser. Under kollektivet har vi valgt at placere parkeringskælderen der frigør de globale fælleder mellem boligerne for trafik.
En arkitektur der udgør en form for aftegning eller afgrænsning i fugleperspektiv, men opleves anderledes af fodgængeren. For fodgængeren er oplevelsen for eksempel det taktile. Pladsen i centrum af kollektivet opdeles anonymt i belægning og materiale, men holdes i ét niveau for at tillade både ophold og leg på stedet.
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SNIT A 1:200
SNIT B 1:200
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hippotation skanderborg festival
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THE SOCIAL GRID Imellem de større teltlejre på Smukfest i Skanderborg ligger THE SOCIAL GRID og løfter sin bebyggelse og indtagelse op over pladsen som et tydeligt varetegn. Med sine 8 unikke boliger vil beboerne føle sig personligt tilknyttede til hver sit ly og samtidig være med til at danne et fællesskab og ejerskab, som det liv der opstår imellem boligerne i forhold til udformning og aktivitets indhold. Samtidig åbner området sig fokuseret op til den omkring- liggende cirkulation og inviterer de øvrige festivalgæster til at være en del af stedets liv. V isio n THE SOCIAL GRID arbejder med tre grader af privatisering > < socialisering. Boligerne lægger sig naturligt til den private del af området og dets aktiviteter, men er, med de fleste boligers udformning, med til at åbne op til andre beboer og øvrige gæster. Områdets areal imellem boligerne skaber det primære samlingspunkt for de faste beboere og for de øvrige gæster, der vil udtrykke sig som værende et besøg ind i området, hvorved de faste beboere bliver tillagt en opfattelse af det omkringliggende fællesareal som primært deres. De tre grader – privat; beboer intern socialt sammenspil; og øvrig-besøgendes so- ciale interaktion – står i tæt sammenspil og afhænger af hinanden for at opnå en varieret helhed, der overordnet handler om at samle og inkludere.
konkurrencer, sjov og spas. Ak- tiviteterne er holdt forholdsvis simple for at skabe mindre kontrollerede rammer og derved et større tilhørsforhold og ejerskab til områdets indhold. I MØRKE Når mørket falder, på vil man opdage de lyskilder, der er fastgjort øverst på de høje søjler. Lyskilderne har tildelte censorer, der peger i forskellige retninger, og vil registrere aktivitet omkring søjlen. Lyskilden vil lyse blødt op og fate stille ud, og THE SOCIAL GRID vil stå og pulsere blidt med belysning alt efter det liv, der rører på sig i området. Der vil blive skabt tryghed og et afdæmpet men samtidig stærkt inviterende udtryk, der kan ses fra lang afstand og lægger sig til det samlede udtryk som et landmark på festivalen. PRAKTISK Materialemæssigt set er der fastsat rammer om primært materialebrug til boligerne som værende OSB plader, men hertil er det frit for de enkelte boligers udformning at tillægge yderligere varierede materialer efter ønske. Af toiletfaciliteter har de fleste boliger eget bad/toilet mens de resterende henvises til festivalens øvrige hygiejne-faciliteter.
UDFORMNING Områdets udformning arbejder med et trekantet grid-system, der danner rammerne for områdets udformning. For hvert punkt i grid-systemet er der placeret en 4 meter høj stålsøjle, hvor hver bolig ligger placeret til at skulle inddrage eller støde op til en tildelt søjle. Med søjlerne og grid-systemets muligheder og rammer arbejdes der med et varieret og terrasseret gennemløbende plateau, som skaber det primære fællesareal mellem bol- igerne. Hertil kommer 3 udspændte sejl som overdækning og har potentiale til at formidle i information, enten ved tryk på sejl eller projekteret op. De store fælles sejl er med til at tage det første skridt til beboernes initiativ til yderligere selv at sejl-overdække med på forhånd tildelte sejl, klar til brug. Beboerne har hermed mulighed for at tilpasse sig vejrforhold – skygge for solen eller læ og ly for regn og vind. Aktiviteterne i THE SOCIAL GRID består af flere udspændte gynge-partier mellem søjlerne samt gigant-hængekøjer, til hygge, afslapning, spontane
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User scenario
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LONE
BANKRÅDGIVER
s omkring min fremtid, også det sociale liv på Ligeså meget som jeg ciale liv, nyder jeg også t eget selskab.
OM
Til dagligt er min kalender fyldt meget ud. Derfor har jeg brug for et afbræk i hverdagen, hvor jeg kan være en del af en anderledes gruppe mennesker end ellers.
ALDER: 42 CIVILSTATUS: FRASKILT BOFORM: BOR ALENE (VOKSNE BØRN) KOMMER FRA: SKIVE
VENNER
JOB: BANKRÅDGIVER I JYSKE BANK
MUSIK
FAVORITDRINK: TOM COLLINS
LADESTATION BADEFACILITETER
PRÆFERENCER
Lone arbejder til dagligt i Jyske Bank som bankrådgiver. Hun har været til festival før, men ikke siden hun var helt ung. Lone blev skilt for tre år siden, og har brug for en pause fra hverdagen, hvorfor hun har valgt at tage til Smukfest med sin veninde Jane. Lone mener ikke at musikprogrammet er så vigtigt, så længe hun bor i en camp med glade og festlige mennesker.
MADLAVNING KOMFORT NYE BEKENDTSKABER PRIS PRÆFERENCER
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Axo
nom
etr
ic s ect ion
HIPPOTATION 72
OSB
Polycarbonate
Sail cloth
Hippotation is a festival hut that works as a base for Lone during her stay at SMUKFEST in Skanderborg. Lone does not know anyone in Skanderborg that she can stay with during the festival, s책 she feels forced to sleeping in a tent, but the tent lacks the comfort and the possibility for a toilet and a bath in the morning. Hippotation is what makes SMUKFEST an exstra great experience for Lone who loves the social life on a festival, and she shows up to meet new and festive people. The dwelling makes it possible for Lone to open the bottom deck completely to express an inviting atmosphere for party or barbeques, or she close the deck off to open the private bed loft to sunbathe with her friend Jane. Much like the hippo, the hut has got a calm side but is also capable of letting go and being spontaneous!
Wood decking
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The movable furniture system is combinable to create different situations in and around the unit.
The idea of the flexible facade as an active part og the festival dwelling, as a tool to activate the transition between dwelling and the social square
Studies of the two-story model
Ideas for the spine of the dwelling.
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Plan
Open/closed situations
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