NON INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Non infectious diseases Non-infectious diseases are those that are caused by factors such as genetics, environment, and lifestyle, and not by disease-causing organisms. This type of diseases don’t pass on from one person to another.
Pollution
Sedentary lifestyle
Rate of deaths caused by non infectious diseases.
Mental diseases
45% OF THE POPULATION
Anxiety: 14% More than one diagnosis Depression: 6%
Cluster A Personality disorders: Odd or eccentric
Cluster B Personality disorders: dramatic, emotional or erratic Lack of empathy Histrionic Need of atention→ - Inappropiate appearance - Exageration
Superior to most people “Black and white” thinking→ - Impulsive - Low self-esteem
Cluster C Personality disorders: anxious or fearful
Bipolarity Repeated episodes of elevated (mania) and lowered mood (depression)
Genetic
Tragical episoides
Diary problems CAUSES
Physical illness
Sleep disturbances
2.5% of the adult population
Symptoms ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Hypomania / Depresion Inability to complet tasks Rapid speech Trouble at work Alcohol or drug abuse Sleep problems Flight of ideas
Treatment Lifestyle changes
Psychotherapy Medicaments
Mood stabilizers
Antipsychotics
Antidepressants
Schizophrenia
Baby
People don’t show normal behavior and don’t know what is real.
Predisposing factors - Complications at birth and in that period. - Genetics
-Behavioral problems -Cranial traumatism
Child
Causes Adult
Precipitating factors - Stressful situations - Use of drugs
Maintenance factors -Use of drugs.
Schizophrenia
Symptoms
Treatment
Anorexia and Bulimia 95 % are women
Only 40 % recover completely 15% dies 10% of the women
5% man
-
Gene 5HT-2A
-
Psychiatric disorders in the family
-
Unrealistic standards of beauty
ANOREXIA
● ● ●
15% less weight Yellow and dry skin Hair in the body
BULIMIA
● ● ● ● ●
Vomit Up and downs of 10-15 kilos Spoilt teeth 10.000-40.000 cal in one gluttony 20 gluttonies each week
Vigorexia In Spain: 200.000 people
Addiction to physical exercise ●
Men between 17-35 years
● ●
Abusive consume of steroids Retire of social life Low self-steem
CONSEQUENCES: 10% of the men that go to the gymnasium
➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔
Cardiovascular diseases Erectile dysfuction Testicular atrophy Prostate cancer Acne ...
Addictions When a person is addicted to something they cannot control how they use it, and become dependent on it to cope with daily life. ● ●
Susbstance denpendece: alcohol, tobacco and some drugs Behavioral addiction:gambling, sex, internet, work, exercise, etc.
Causes ➔ Mental health Mental health issues → help them feel better
➔ Your brain(Dopamine) Substances and activities → icresease Dopamine Feel positive and good
➔ Childhood experiences Traumatic childhood → escape from the past
Symtoms Addiction to drugs ● Changes in appetite or sleep patterns. ● Leave your responsibilities ● The need of drug constantly ● Do bad things to get the drug
Addiction to gambling ● Way to escape problems ● Taking time from work or family life to gamble ● Being unable to stop gambling ● Stealing or committing fraud to gamble
Treatment First → realize problem → WANT TO CHANGE → ask help 1.Long-term residential treatment 2. Short-term residential treatment 3.Individualized Drug counseling 4.Group Counseling
CANCERS
CANCERS → stages
Stage 0 (In situ)
Stage 4 (distant spread)
Stage 1 (localised cancer) Stage 2 / 3 (regional spread)
Breast cancer The carcinoma ductal
The carcinoma lobulillar
Breast cancer → causes Causes that can’t be changed: ❏
Age and sex
❏
Familiar precedents
❏
Genes
❏
Menstrual cycle
Other factors: ❏
Consumption of alcohol
❏
Childbirth
❏
Obesity
Breast cancer → symptoms
Breast cancer → treatment SURGERY TO EXPIRATE THE CANCEROUS TISSUE
CHEMOTHERAPY
RADIOTHERAPY
Breast cancer → treatment Local treatment
Systemic treatment
Only affects the area of the issue
Affects all the body
Breast cancer → treatment
Skin cancer ● ● ●
SQUAMOUS CELL: Thin and flat cells that form the top cap BASAL CELL: Round cells MELANOCYTES CELL: Cells that elaborate melanina and are in the low part of the epidermis
Skin cancer → Different types BASAL CELL CARCINOMAS
The most common → About eight out of ten cases of skin cancer are basal cell carcinomas.
Skin cancer → Different types SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS
●
About two out of ten cases of skin cancer are squamous cell carcinomas.
Skin cancer → Different types MELANOMA
● ●
These cancers develop from melanocytes Is less common that the others, but it is more easy to grow and spread it.
The sun
Melanoma → Causes White skin Smoke
Tar
Melanoma → symptoms
Benign →
Malignant→
Melanoma → treatment
Is the surgical removal in the early stages of tumor.
Leukemia
Leukemia → types Chronic Myeloid Lymphoid
Acute Myeloid Lymphoid
Leukemia → causes ●
Genetic
●
Immunodeficiencies
●
Environmental factors
Leukemia → symptoms ● ● ● ● ● ●
fatigue lack of appetite fever anemia hemorrhages big bruises
Leukemia → treatment ● ● ● ●
Chemotherapy Radioterapy Transplant of bony marrow Other medicines
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Cardiovascular diseases → Cholesterol
●
56,1 % suffers high cholesterol
●
%60 of hearts diseases are caused by high cholesterol
Cardiovascular diseases High value of cholesterol can cause...
High value of triglycerides can cause... ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
Angina Breast cancer Heart attack Uterine cancer
Hipercolesterolemia Atherosclerosis Obesity Esteatosis
Cardiovascular diseases → prevention The Cardiovascular disease are the principal reason of death in the world ● ● ● ●
To take a balanced and healthy diet The avoid the consumption of alcohol and tabacco To realize physical activity To keep controlled the levels of cholesterol and glucose
Diabetes→ in what consists
Diabetes → causes ■
obesity
■
poor nutrition
■
Lack of physical activity
■
Advanced age
■
genetic
Diabetes →symptoms ■
fatigue
■
hunger
■
infections: kidney, bladder, skin
■
thirst
■
blurred vision
■
Erectile dysfunction
■
Pain of feet or hands
Diabetes 6 % of the population 15 % of over seventy years old people. 12 % in Spain
Diabetes → causes Ideal (without diabetes)
Normal
Optimum
High risk
Before dinner
65-100
70-145
>145
>160
After dinner
80-126
90-180
180-250
>250
At night
65-100
80-160
<75 o >160
<70 o 200
Diabetes → prevention ●
Don’t smoke
●
Blood test 2 times a year
●
Healthy diet
●
Physical activity
●
Monitor the weight
DISEASES CAUSED BY ACCIDENTS Injury by change of speed. ● ●
Acceleration, deceleration and tearing injuries. Injuries by compression.
ACCIDENTS → DIFERENT TYPE OF COLLISION
YOUNG PEOPLE ACCIDENTS