Lighting Journal October 2015

LIGHTING

JOURNAL The publication for all lighting professionals

North East Passage: putting light at the heart of the regeneration of Stockton-upon-Tees Road tunnel lighting: understanding the challenges How the changing ways we communicate at work is transforming office lighting

October 2015

FL800R - LED FLOODLIGHTING New FL800R LED Floodlight System - We are proud to introduce our new and improved FL800R LED which provides an innovative new approach to floodlighting. To build a system, FL800R modules can be grouped as a luminaire in single, double, triple or quad configuration and arranged on a mast with full azimuth rotation and tilt function. WB830 gear box provides remote mounting for LED drivers and controls.

Each module has eight optical distribution options and a range of elevation angles to build a combined luminaire photometric output that meets even the most challenging of schemes

AeroFlow速

FL800R module uses AeroFlow速 Cooling System to provide exceptional thermal management.

Maximised heat dissipation enables a compact luminaire design, which can be retrofitted onto existing masts.

Lumileds LUXEON速 M LEDs and AeroFlow速 together deliver high lumen output with very low lumen depreciation over life, this minimises energy and operating cost by reducing overlighting.

FL800R offers an extremely competitive solution to replace traditional HID sources with performance, versatility and reliability.

CU

PhosCo

Lighitng

-

ProUdLy

designing

and

ManUfaCtUring

01920 860600 www.cuphosco.com sales@cuphosco.co.uk

in

the

UK

sinCe

1923

Editorial Volume 80 No 9 October 2015

I

President Elizabeth Thomas BSc(Eng) CEng FILP Chief Executive Richard G Frost BA (Cantab) DPA FIAM

Designed by Julie Bland Email: julie@matrixprint.com

month to transcribe the video recording of Professor Russell Foster’s ILP International Year of Light

lecture so we could publish a (sadly heavily) abridged version in this month’s edition (see page 24).

My trepidation was not only around how on earth we

Editor Nic Paton Email: nic@cormorantmedia.co.uk Editorial Board Tom Baynham Emma Cogswell IALD Mark Cooper IEng MILP Graham Festenstein CEng MILP MSLL IALD John Gorse BA (Hons) MSLL Alan Jaques IEng MILP Nigel Parry IEng FILP Richard Webster

t was with some trepidation that I sat down last

were going to do justice to what was a wide-ranging and complex hour-long lecture in the physical limited space we have in a magazine such as this. This is where the internet and content streaming can have such an advantage over print media.

It was also, very simply, whether I’d be able to understand and get my head around a topic that I – I suspect like many in the audience that day – knew very little about.

I needn’t have worried. Professor Foster is clearly a very brilliant scientist, but his lecture was witty, accessible and, crucially, explained the stunning breakthrough – the identification (which 150 years of scientific research had otherwise missed) of a whole new photoreceptor system that regulates internal time – in an engaging and hugely compelling way.

There was also, of course, an important message here for lighting

Advertising Manager Andy Etherton Email: andy@matrixprint.com

professionals. We are, even now, only beginning fully to unlock the

Published by Matrix Print Consultants on behalf of Institution of Lighting Professionals Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby CV21 2PN Telephone: 01788 576492 E-mail: info@theilp.org.uk Website: www.theilp.org.uk

relationships between visual processing, the lit environment and our

Produced by

Matrix Print Consultants Ltd Unit C, Northfield Point, Cunliffe Drive, Kettering, Northants NN16 9QJ Tel: 01536 527297 Email: gary@matrixprint.com Website: www.matrixprint.com

complexities of our sight and vision, of the sophisticated dynamic that exists between visual processing, physiology and behaviour, not to mention the circadian rhythms.

Light, of course, is crucial to how we live; how we experience, interact with and respond to our environment. But the more we can understand the way in which this engagement with the lit environment goes much deeper than simply our visual perception or processing of it, the better we can understand – and therefore interrogate – the effects our decisions around lighting and lighting design will have.

Nic Paton Editor

© ILP 2015 The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain.

Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.

Lighting Journal October 2015

Simply enhance life in the city with light Lighting has the power to bring the city to life, especially at night.

Used imaginatively, architectural illumination can enhance a sense of space, and enrich people’s experience of a place. The depth and breadth of the Philips portfolio can support you in developing a distinctive identity and inviting atmosphere, whilst achieving significant energy and maintenance savings.

The Philips Lighting Difference Philips is at the forefront of lighting innovation, so in today’s rapidly changing world you can depend on us to have the very latest and best product solutions. With over 120 years of lighting experience, you can feel safe in the knowledge that your investment is in the hands of one of the most recognisable, trusted and admired names in lighting.

Project Location Customer

Brighton Pavilion Brighton, East Sussex The Royal Pavilion & Museums

Philips Architectural Lighting Solutions www.philips.co.uk/outdoorlighting

Contents

LIGHTING JOURNAL October 2015 03 EDITORIAL 04 NEWS 08 CROSSING PURPOSES

10

With more than 220 people killed or injured on or in the vicinity of zebra crossings each year, Alan Jaques argues it is high time the current (2007) TR12 guidance was updated

10 GOING

through to dark/light flicker and beyond, tunnels can pose unique and difficult challenges for the lighting designer, explains John Rands

14 THE CONWY WAY

Innovative lighting and cabling solutions have come together in a lighting upgrade for Conwy Tunnel in north Wales

18 NORTH EAST PASSAGE

Feature lighting and iconic illuminated masts are at the heart of the recent regeneration of Stockton-on-Tees high street, as Steve Edwards highlights

26 BODY LANGUAGE

18

An abridged transcript of Oxford University’s Professor Russell Foster’s ILP International Year of Light lecture

LUXLIVE 2015

Lighting professionals will be coming together with suppliers and funders of LED lighting at LuxLive next month. Anna Preedy gives us a preview

36 BEST ENDEAVOURS

UNDERGROUND

From the ‘black hole effect’

34 SWITCH ON FOR

Ignore endeavours clauses and standard of care provisions at your peril, advise Emma Fitzgerald and Howard Crossman

38 PREMIER GOAL

ILP chief executive Richard Frost outlines the thinking behind the ILP’s new Premier corporate member category

41 WHAT’S NEW 42 SEDUCED BY LIGHT

Emma Cogswell, IALD UK projects manager, asked two leading designers to look back at what sparked their passion for lighting

45 CONSULTANTS 46 LIGHTING DIRECTORY 48 DIARY

30 MAKING LIGHT WORK

Does the rise of the built-in

light and ‘at desk’ face-to-face

communication over the internet

signal the end of the office ceiling

luminaire? Dominic Meyrick investigate

COVER PICTURE

26

Central area fountain with Litracon feature lighting pods in background, Stockton-on-Tees. Stainton Lighting Design Services

Lighting Journal October 2015

4

News

DETAIL ON TRAINING ‘LEVY’ EXPECTED NEXT MONTH

The lighting profession should discover next month exactly how much ministers expect it to have to pay towards the government’s proposed new ‘levy’ on apprenticeships.

The levy, or extra tax, on apprentice training was announced by chancellor George Osborne in his summer Budget in July, and will apply to all ‘large’ employers.

But any detail beyond this has, up to now, been light on the ground.

The expectation is that ‘large’ in this context is likely to mean private or public sector businesses with 250 employees or more.

The government has indicated it intends to flesh out its plans within the Comprehensive Spending Review, which is due to be announced on 25 November.

CATS’ EYES CONSULTATION The government has carried out a consultation on whether cats’ eyes on British roads should be replaced wholesale with solar powered LED lights.

The move by the Department for Transport could result in a new generation of LED road studs being rolled out on British roads.

The ‘Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2016’ consultation stated: ‘Advances in technology have led to the development of studs that include only light emitting diodes, hardwired in tunnels and solar powered elsewhere.

‘We propose amending the regulation to accommodate this technology. Traditional studs use reflectors or retro-reflecting material which rely on headlight beams for their illumination.

‘Active studs use internal light emitting diodes as their light source giving extended visibility distances and better performance in poor weather

conditions over traditional studs.’

The consultation also gathered views around proposals for signs in street-lit areas to be retro-reflective and for ‘new ideas’ around how to reduce traffic signs clutter.

The consultation ran from August to the beginning of this month (6 October) and a summary of responses and the DfT’s conclusions will be published within three months of the closing date.

The most common LED road stud used in the UK is the Astucia SolarLite, which have been used along stretches of the M40 in the Midlands, the A20 in Kent and by Buckinghamshire County Council, among others.

Lighting Journal October 2015

The Confederation of British Industry has said it is working on the assumption the levy will be based on a percentage of payroll, probably 0.5%.

The money will then be funnelled back into a new apprenticeship fund specifically to fund post-16 apprentices, which employers will be able to access via a new digital voucher scheme.

The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills carried out a consultation over the summer – which was due to close on 2 October – to gain views on how employers, training providers and others felt the levy should be implemented.

Business secretary Sajid Javid said: ‘Nobody understands the skills employers need better than the employers themselves, so they must be placed in the driving seat. That is why we are introducing an apprenticeship levy that will let employers choose and pay for the apprenticeship training they want.

‘It’s a model that’s already working successfully in more than 50 countries around the world. This consultation sets out how it will work here in the UK, creating a system that benefits employers and the economy at large by helping us to invest in the single strongest asset we have – our hard-working, dedicated people.’

The levy is part of a wider range of reforms around funding, delivery and assessment of apprenticeships, including the new digital voucher and much less of a financial contribution towards training coming from the government.

More employer-led training standards, structures and assessment procedures are also being created by a range of sector-specific ‘trailblazer’ groups, including within building services, civil engineering, construction, electrical, electronic and electro-technical systems and appliances and highways electrical maintenance and installation, among others.

SCOTS URGED TO MAKE LED SWITCH

Switching to LED street lights could save millions of pounds a year for local authorities across Scotland, a study has suggested.

A report by the Scottish Futures Trust has argued that around £40 million is spent every year on energy for street lighting in the country, but that 50%-70% could be saved by switching to LEDs, or the equivalent of £19 million to £26.6 million.

Of Scotland’s some 890,820 streetlights, just 5% currently use LEDs, it also estimated.

Lindsay McGregor, associate director at the trust, said: ‘Investing in new LED technology now will protect councils from year-on-year electricity rises and the unenviable decision of having to cut back local services to fund increasing electricity costs.’

Earlier this year, the trust launched a toolkit for local authorities to use to give them real-time information on how many millions of pounds they could save through switching to LEDs.

News

5

NEW ‘PREMIER’ ILP MEMBER The ILP has launched a new company membership category ‘Premier Corporate Membership’.

The move is designed to deepen the links between the lighting profession and industry, ILP chief executive Richard Frost told Lighting Journal.

Under the scheme, corporate members that upgrade to Premier membership, at a cost of £1,900, will get access to a range of additional benefits, include a dedicated web page, logo and publicity, a £500 voucher to spend on ILP goods and services and enhanced access to members through CPD events.

‘By combining forces, by bringing together Premier members and the profession, we can better share knowledge, insight and expertise. Just as valuably, we hope Premier membership will in time be able to work as a platform to generate and fund new research,’ said Richard.

For full details, turn to page 38.

This month will see the launch of the first Lewes Festival of Light.

LewesLight is being supported by the ILP and will be a celebration of light and lighting within culture, design, art, science and the environment through the east Sussex town.

The festival, which runs from 16-17 October, will include a mix of events, installations, talks and discussion.

In all, some 20 buildings and sites in and around the town will be lit. As well as the architectural installations and those in public spaces, there will be an installation by projection artist Alex May. The festival is also expected to attract a range of community groups and organisations as well as to have a significant educational content. Teachers are being encouraged to invite their students to attend as part of a STEM initiative.

The event will be based in the Linklater Pavilion, within the Lewes Railway Land Nature Reserve. More details can be found at http://leweslight.uk.

WORLD MUST ‘STEP UP ACTION’ TO CREATE SMART CITIES Investing in more energy efficient transport, buildings, lighting and waste management could help cities around the world save as much as $17 trillion by 2050, a report has estimated.

The study, Accelerating LowCarbon Development in the World’s Cities, by the think-tank New Climate Economy has also estimated such a commitment would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 3.7 gigatons per year by 2030, or the equivalent of the current annual emissions of India.

Cities should commit to low-carbon urban development strategies by 2020, it also recommended.

Eduardo Paes, mayor of Rio de Janeiro and chair of the C40 Cities climate leadership group, said: ‘Cities around the world are already leading the way in implementing sustainable and innovative urban solutions. By sharing and scaling-up these best

practices through international collaboration, cities can save money and accelerate global climate action.’

In a separate development, a European-funded initiative is to add ‘smart city’ technology to street lighting infrastructure in Budapest in Hungary.

The Sustainable Outdoor Lighting and Sensory Urban Network (Solsun) project is being led by Climate-KIC, a public-private partnership focused on climate innovation.

Organisations involved in the scheme include BT, electronics firm EnLight, the Municipality of Budapest, management consultancy Pannon PRO and Budapest University of Technology and Economics.

Innovations will include the installation of a network of sensors to capture real-time data on air and noise pollution and traffic density, said EnLight.

LIGHT THERAPY CALL

A light therapy company is urging employers to offer light therapy to their employees as a way to reduce absenteeism and illness during the winter and boost productivity.

Cambridge-based Lumie has launched a new light therapy campaign targeting employers and promoting the benefits of light therapy.

It has also published a publication, Light for Workplace Wellbeing, in which it argues that we need light of about 2,000 lux to keep our body clock on track during the winter.

It has suggested exposure to a light box or bright light (2,000-10,000lux) for 15-90 minutes a day can help to treat the depressive condition ‘seasonal affective disorder’ or SAD.

Lighting Journal October 2015

6 News

LIGHT POVERTY CALL

The chief executive of Philips Lighting has urged world leaders to move faster to curb global energy use.

Eric Rondolat, speaking at the B4E Climate Summit in London in September, said politicians needed to be bolder when it came to setting energy reduction targets and give more priority to greener energy supplies.

He also called for greater effort to be put into tackling light poverty, highlighting that 1.1 billion people around the world still do not have access to electric light.

‘The lack of this most fundamental service puts a stranglehold on human development. Without artificial light, life as we know it grinds to a halt at sunset. Communal life stops, children are unable to study, and businesses are forced to close,’ he wrote in The Daily Telegraph newspaper.

One solution, Eric argued, is to put a greater focus on developing off-grid solutions that can provide dependable and sustainable energy sources, especially for remote communities in rural areas.

‘As recent research by the United Nations Environment Programme suggests, solar-powered LED lighting provides a low-cost alternative that not only alleviates light poverty but also reduces carbon emissions, indoor air pollution, and health risks,’ he added.

NEWS IN BRIEF A scheme to install 20,000 LED in two towns in Northern Ireland has been announced.

The lights are due to be installed over an eight month timeframe in Banbridge and Craigavon as part of a £6 million pilot scheme.

Regional development minister Danny Kennedy described the move as “a major step forward” in streetlight LEDs being installed fully across Northern Ireland.

The entry process for the 33rd Annual International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD) International Lighting Design Awards is now open. The final deadline for entries is 6 November, with an early entry deadline of 23 October. The awards will be announced on 27 April next year in San Diego, California. To find out more, go to www.iald.org/Awards. In a separate development, the IALD has also signed a co-operation agreement with LightingEurope.

Award-winning Manchester supplier of LED lighting systems, acdc, has been bought by Austrian rival Zumtobel Group. Zumtobel has bought a majority stake in the firm, which employs around 120 people from offices in Barrowford in the north of the city. However chief executive Gareth Frankland will continue to head the firm, which specialises in architectural façade and hospitality lighting.

Bristol Council has said it has saved more than £1 million a year after switching to LED streetlights.

The switch of 20,000 streetlamps to LEDs has also reduced its C02 emissions by 4,000 tonnes, it said.

The transition to LEDs, overseen by GE Lighting, was carried out in two phases, a first 8,000 switch-over Light enthusiasts gathered in Chicago on 1 October for followed by the remaining 12,000 lamps. the third Chase the Dark global event, hosted by the International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD).

As in previous years, events were held around the globe in an effort to see who could come up with the most imaginative lighting effect using only the flashlight function on a mobile phone.

A £21 million 10-year contract to maintain some 41,000 streetlights in Bournemouth and Poole has been awarded to lighting firm VolkerHighways. The contract will see 17,500 streetlights in Poole alone being replaced with LED lanterns and the installation of a new integrated central management system.

Lighting Journal October 2015

An iconic Paris hotel, Le Meurice, has been given a lighting overhaul by Philips. A connected LED lighting system allows hotel staff to change the colour of the façade using miniature light projectors with a swipe of a smartphone app.

style with performance

NEW

Kirium miNi • Optimised for residential roads, path and cycle ways • Lumen output from 7W to 35W (680lm – 3560lm) • Extremely light weight with a choice of 5, 10 or 15 LED options • Exceptional thermal performance, increasing efficiency and life of LEDs • Zero upward light • Fully CMS compatible

To learn more about KIRIUM MINI please call 01992 474600 email light@dwwindsor.co.uk or visit us online

dwwindsor.com/kirium-mini

8

Opinion

ENLIGHTEN

Share your experiences, opinions and thoughts

CROSSING PURPOSES

Each year more than 220 people are killed or injured on or in the vicinity of zebra crossings.

Alan Jaques argues it is high time the current (2007) TR12 guidance was updated No matter how we choose to travel there is one thing we all have in common – we are at some time or other pedestrians. Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users of all; it is therefore paramount all reasonable measures are taken to ensure their safety.

According to the Road Driver website (www.roaddriver.co.uk) approximately 20% of all road accidents involving pedestrians happen on or near to pedestrian crossings.

The Department for Transport has published data (below) on pedestrian casualties at pedestrian crossings. This is broken down to cover various types of crossings including zebra, pelican, light controlled junctions with a pedestrian phase and crossings with human control.

For the purposes of this article I shall focus on the data relating to zebra crossings.

Category of casualty Killed Serious Slight All

2010 Child Adult 0 5 30 113 156 473 186 591

2011 Child Adult 0 6 26 120 169 482 195 608

2012 2013 Child Adult Child Adult 0 7 1 7 35 130 21 95 157 505 152 527 192 642 174 629

DfT statistics – casualties by severity on zebra crossings, refuge or central island in Great Britain

These figures show a worrying increase in fatalities on zebra crossings over a four-year period from 2010 to 2013. And this is on the back of other DfT road accident statistics that show total fatalities fell by almost 8% over the same period.

The current ILP Technical Report No12 covering Lighting of Pedestrian Crossings was published in 2007, and it is primarily focused on the lighting of zebra crossings.

TR12 recognises the fact it is also important to correctly illuminate not just the zebra crossing carpet, but either side of it. This is borne out by further Department for Transport road accidents statistics.

These show that in the same four-year period the total number of killed and seriously injured pedestrians in each year in the vicinity of a zebra crossing was virtually unchanged.

2010 Category of casualty Child Adult Killed 1 4 Serious 25 70 Slight 90 226 All 116 300

2011 Child Adult 1 4 21 50 119 248 141 302

2012 Child Adult 0 3 23 72 86 234 109 309

2013 Child Adult 0 3 17 77 87 225 104 305

DfT statistics – casualties by severity within 50m of zebra crossings

Lighting Journal Octobert 2015

SAFE AND VISIBLE The documents also endeavour to achieve two primary objectives: to ensure the pedestrian feels the crossing is a safe place to cross and to ensure the driver is able to see the pedestrian either waiting to cross the road or on the crossing.

The documents suggest supplementary lighting, in addition to the street lighting, is used in certain circumstances. Both the 1982 and the 1997 guidance, for example, state that, in order to maximise the benefit of the supplementary lighting, it is important to ensure the profile of the pedestrian facing the approaching traffic is highlighted.

However, as would be expected with the passage of time and new research, these two documents offered differing solutions to the lighting levels that should be achieved by the supplementary lighting and how it should be calculated.

The 1982 document recommended a minimum horizontal illuminance of 100 lux should be achieved over the entire area of the crossing carpet with maximum uniformity, although no quality figure is used to define what is ‘maximum uniformity’ in this context.

In the 1997 version the emphasis was moved to defining the vertical illuminance along the centre of the carpet across the road from ground level to a height of 2m. This vertical grid is split into two zones; zone one being on the approaching driver’s side of the road and a minimum illuminance of 20 lux is to be achieved. The second zone is on the other side of the road and a minimum vertical illuminance of 10 lux is required.

So, what of the latest (2007) version of TR12? This recommends the vertical illuminance grids be turned through 90 degrees so they run along the carriageway and across the zebra crossing carpet. The grids should be located as follows: • Grid 1: At the centre of the crossing running along the centre line of the road.

• Grid 2: Along the kerb edge with the measurement field facing across the road.

• Grid 3: Facing the rear of the waiting area or 1.8m back from the kerb, whichever is less, again with its axis along the road line.

The design values are based on the road illuminance. For Grid 1 and Grid 2 the minimum illuminance at any of the nine grid points is required to be twice the road illuminance. For Grid 3 the minimum illuminance is 1.5 times the road illuminance. Additionally, there is a horizontal illuminance requirement for the crossing carpet to be 3.5 times the road illuminance with an overall uniformity of 0.6.

Opinion RISK FACTOR The 100 lux requirement in original guidance came from the finding that the lighting on the crossing carpet needed to be five times that of the ambient lighting in order to satisfactorily light the subject matter. The panel considered that, as human life was potentially at risk, this factor should be increased to six times the ambient lighting levels, and 100 lux was considered appropriate. Clearly there is a substantial difference in the findings of the 1982 and 2007 panels, even though the human eye hasn’t changed in the 25 years between them.

The fundamental change in vertical grid orientation brought about by the 2007 version may improve the driver’s task of observing pedestrians in some circumstances. It may also be true that the grid in the 1997 version of TR12 affords better visibility of pedestrians in other circumstances. Whenever this guidance is next updated I would suggest a fundamental review of the grid locations and quality figures is undertaken.

There has been much innovation in both lighting apparatus and lighting policies since the publication of the current version of TR12 in 2007. More people are choosing to commute by cycling and, although they should dismount when using a zebra crossing, many do not. These and many other factors will need to be considered when TR12 is next updated.

Each year over 220 people are killed or seriously injured when crossing the road either by using or in the vicinity of zebra crossings. I would therefore suggest lighting professionals play their part in trying to make them safer. It is now the right time to review the current guidance in order to facilitate this.

Courtesy of Solar Worlds Photography

Alan Jaques is VP Highways and Infrastructure and practice manager, lighting systems, at Atkins.

Alan.Jaques@atkinsglobalcom.

There has been much innovation in both lighting apparatus and lighting policies since the publication of the current version of TR12 in 2007. More people are choosing to commute by cycling and, although they should dismount when using a zebra crossing, many do not.

These and many other factors will need to be considered when TR12 is next updated

Lighting Journal October 2015

9

10

Road tunnel lighting

GOING UNDERGROUND From the ‘black hole effect’ through to dark/light flicker and beyond, tunnels can pose unique and difficult challenges for the lighting designer. John Rands peers into (and out of) the gloom Conwy Tunnel

Lighting Journal October 2015

Road tunnel lighting

R

oad tunnel lighting has a perceived mystique to it, especially surrounding the specific requirements and how to meet them because of the various lighting zones and levels.

The lighting installation within a road tunnel is designed to enable drivers to enter, pass through and exit the structure in comfort and safety without changing speed or course. To achieve this during the day and at night, the lighting levels within the structure must consider the ambient lighting on the approach.

Another significant issue to be conscious of is that, in the event of an incident within a tunnel, the implications can be significantly more serious than the same incident occurring on the open road. So much so that life-threatening scenarios can develop very quickly within a tunnel, especially in the event of fire.

This article therefore aims to present a snapshot of some of the issues and challenges encountered for the lighting designer.

WHAT IS A TUNNEL? This question at first glance appears self-evident: we all know – or should know – what a tunnel is. But to understand properly how to illuminate and light a tunnel, it is worth considering carefully what, in its essence, a tunnel actually is.

A tunnel can be simply described as a covered road of varying lengths, from rock tunnels through a hillside, submerged tubes beneath waterways to structures constructed over the highway.

For new-build tunnels the lighting designer has no influence on the orientation the tunnel route forms. This is normally dictated by geology and the route required, in other words the reason for the tunnel in the first place.

Because of higher external ambient luminance, approaching a tunnel in a southerly direction would be considered the most onerous with regard to the tunnel lighting requirement. In this scenario threshold lighting levels (Lth) in excess of 400cd/m2 could be necessary, especially if there is significant sky in the driver’s field of view on approaching the tunnel portal.

Lighting an existing tunnel requiring refurbishment presents additional challenges, with the lighting designer normally having to cope with restricted headroom and road curvatures as well as the increasing amount of other equipment now necessary in road tunnels.

L20

11

TUNNEL OR UNDERPASS? The distinction between a ‘long’ or ‘short’ tunnel has always been a debatable subject. All tunnels are different in construction, orientation and usage and, as such, each tunnel needs be evaluated independently.

Where there are any uncertainties, an engineering judgment will need to be made that is unique to that particular structure.

It’s tabled that tunnels shorter than 25m do not normally require daytime lighting whilst tunnels longer than 200m always require daytime lighting; the issue of scale and degree of lighting arises for structures between these lengths.

A long tunnel will consist of a lighting scheme performance as illustrated in Figure 1.

HOW TO LIGHT A ROAD TUNNEL Firstly, in my experience, no two tunnels are ever the same in structure, course, orientation or usage, with each of these impacting to a greater or lesser degree on the lighting requirement.

It could be argued that a tunnel with all its unique attributes doesn’t ‘fit’ the guidance available, reinforcing the requirement for a realistic engineering judgement to assess the visual task of drivers to determine the most effective and efficient solution. As an extreme example, I know of one lighting scheme that was undertaken for a 4.5km long tunnel with 11 entrances and 16 underground intersections!

Available UK guidance is BS4589-2:2003. This, it should be noted, was under review at the time of writing. However, unlike BS5489-1:2013 for road lighting – where almost all roads could be designed using this code of practice – tunnel lighting guidance could be considered somewhat incomplete, especially for shorter tunnels.

Historically it’s been these ‘shorter’ tunnels that have caused regular debate and attempts to shoehorn them into the standard to fit. This has often resulted in significant over-lighting to ‘err on the side of caution’ in these days of potential designer litigation.

What is required, therefore, is a professional, diligent assessment of the actual driver’s visual task required for any particular tunnel.

Depending on the structure, the driver’s perception of a tunnel may be that it is ‘optically’ short, whereas the same physical length tunnel with different attributes could be considered ‘optically’ long. Any horizontal or vertical curvature of the route would compound this perception and subsequent evaluation.

Lth Lin

ACCESS ZONE

TRANSITION ZONE THRESHOLD ZONE

INTERIOR ZONE

EXIT ZONE

Figure 1

Lighting Journal October 2015

12

Landscape Road tunnel lighting lighting

LIGHTING REQUIREMENT Transiting from daylight into a tunnel the ‘black hole effect’ has to be mitigated with the driver becoming further adapted to the lower lighting levels ahead. For longer tunnels the lighting level is continually and gradually reduced at a rate relative to traffic speed until an appropriate interior level is reached.

LUMINAIRE DISTRIBUTION STYLES

Linear/Line lighting

Linear lighting is formed of luminaires having their lamps orientated parallel with the road axis. The luminous distribution is perpendicular to the road axis, mounted either in rows along the tunnel roof or within the cornice area when an asymmetrical distribution across the tunnel is adopted.

This style of lighting lends itself to most lamp types, and has been traditionally used for fluorescent lamps, forming the basic day and night time levels within the tunnel.

Visual guidance and driver comfort is high, with schemes surpassing uniformity requirements. But it is generally the most expensive solution.

Key 1. Length of threshold zone where Lth is 100% = 0.5SD 2. Threshold zone stopping distance (SD) 3. Transition zone

When a driver exits the tunnel during daylight hours the driver’s eye will adapt much faster with little concern.

For a normal exit on a straight road this is an acceptable situation. However, should there be merging traffic at or close to the exit, tunnel exit lighting would support rearward vision effectively back into the tunnel, to allow for any manoeuvres to be undertaken safely.

Tunnel lighting schemes have to cater for drivers by both day and by night, when drivers’ vision will be in the Photopic or Mesopic states respectively. The Photopic state is when the eye has become fully adapted to lighting levels generally above 3.5 cd/m2 with the Mesopic state being between 0.035 & 3.5 cd/m2.

During the day, the eye’s Photopic state when at the entrance portal is dealt with by the application of the CIE entrance lighting reduction curve. By night, providing the approach roads are lit and the tunnel interior level is at least equal to but no more than three times the approach road level, the visual tasks will be able to be conducted satisfactorily.

However should the tunnel be over-lit, especially at night, drivers could perceive the aforementioned ‘black hole effect’ on emerging from the tunnel exit.

PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS Flicker effect of dark/light areas can be induced by the installed tunnel lighting if luminaire spacings and/or switching patterns are incorrect. As a minimum, this effect could cause visual discomfort to drivers and passengers of vehicles; in the worst case it could potentially cause photosensitive epilepsy (PSE) to those susceptible.

This effect can be minimised by ensuring critical spacings are outside the 2.5-15Hz range and is usually only applicable to the longer interior zone lighting installed for night-time and basic daytime lighting, where the entire tunnel is in essence an interior zone at these times.

Lighting Journal October 2015

Point source, Symmetrical

The point source luminaire has a single lamp within a 3D optic dedicated for road tunnels. Historically a popular style of lighting for road tunnels, albeit providing less visual driver comfort because of extended spacings. But it would be less costly than a linear style scheme.

Point source, Counter-beam

The principal distribution from a counter-beam luminaire is via a tightly controlled asymmetric optic towards oncoming drivers. This creates a greater contrast between objects and the road background than a symmetrical distribution.

Counter-beam luminaires are most efficient for the provision of high-boost luminance required within the tunnel threshold and subsequent transition zones, with a minimum number installed therefore less costly than a symmetrical point source scheme.

Because of the luminaire performance bias towards oncoming traffic, counter beam lighting is not suitable for bidirectional tunnels or where contra-flow is envisaged.

WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD? Innovation is at times stifled by contractual issues dependant on who the decision-makers are. Builders naturally will want the most competitive build solution, whilst the owner/ operator will want the best ongoing total running costs.

The driving force in the current climate is for the most efficient use of energy and reducing CO2 emissions. As

Road tunnel lighting tunnel lighting schemes have high energy consumption, more energy-efficient light sources are being developed and used, in particular LED solutions for all tunnel zones as well as T5 for interior zone applications.

The use of LED luminaires specifically designed for tunnels is realising reduced energy usage with an added benefit of a ‘white’ light source. When arranged in a pseudo linear installation, good driver comfort and visual guidance is also achieved.

A further development is closer control and monitoring of the lighting installation itself via intelligent control management systems (CMS).

Intelligent CMS not only improves system integrity but can achieve installation cost savings over conventional methods whilst giving the opportunity of post-installation fine-tuning of the scheme, and therefore potentially mitigating any uncertainties that are discovered at design stage.

Development of active dynamic regimes could further contribute to potential savings where appropriate.

Lessons can also be gleaned from the past where, for example, the use of sun-tight screens at entrance portals was common.

Their application allowed natural daylight to filter through in a controlled manner, thus reducing the amount of artificial lighting required in what is a high luminance requirement area.

The brighter the day, the higher daylight values automatically filtered through, thereby eliminating

‘All tunnels are different in construction, orientation and usage and, as such, each tunnel needs be evaluated independently. Where there are any uncertainties, an engineering judgment will need to be made that is unique to that particular structure

13

significant numbers of luminaires in the threshold zone.

However, the then reported negative aspects of sun-tight screens were that roads occasionally formed surface ice during the winter months, as well as the potential for icicle formation, whilst build and maintenance costs of the structure were considered high.

Nevertheless, with the ongoing development of structural materials as well as limited trace-heating options, I for one believe that the re-introduction of suntight screens or canopies could be seriously considered in an holistic approach within a multi-discipline platform, one where all discipline design options and full life-time costs could be evaluated for the total tunnel.

With the ever-increasing volume of traffic having to be catered for on our highways, the construction of more tunnels is inevitable to ease traffic flow in critical areas.

Standards currently in place can only reflect the best practice employed at the time they were drafted.

Therefore design engineers should always evaluate potential solutions to ensure that the best practice of today is given due consideration.

John Rands is project manager at Designs for Lighting. He is due to be speaking at Lux Review’s first ever Road Tunnel Lighting conference in Barcelona on 8-9 October. For more details go to: www.tunnellightingconference.com

14

Landscape Road tunnel lighting lighting

CASE STUDY A significant milestone on the journey to countless summer holidays, the Conwy Tunnel on the A55 has been making travel to the north Wales coast and the hills of Snowdonia easier for motorists since 1991.

Constructed at a cost of £237 million, it was the first ‘immersed tube’ tunnel to be built in Britain and almost 25 years later it has recently achieved another first; becoming the first 70mph ‘long tunnel’ in the country – it is 1,090m long – to be lit entirely by LEDs. FLEXIBLE LIGHTING LEVELS The lighting for the Conwy Tunnel’s westbound carriageway was upgraded two years ago, using a combination of LED and conventional lighting.

Advances in higher powered LED technology since then will now enable both energy and maintenance savings to be achieved in the eastbound tunnel, from the combination of efficient long-life LED fittings and photometer light sensors linked to a SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) control system.

Specialist contractor Optec Electrical has been responsible for installing the lighting upgrade as part of a project being delivered by main contractor, SPIE, for the Welsh Government.

Chris McCormack, director at Optec Electrical, explains some of the thinking behind the upgrade. ‘The lighting for the eastbound carriageway has been designed to enable the lighting levels to be adjusted in line with natural light levels.

‘The boost lighting needs to be dynamic to allow drivers to have good vision into the tunnel when approaching the entrance in all ambient conditions, ranging from very bright daylight to night, continuously adapting to changing conditions for drivers’ visual safety and optimised running costs,’ he adds.

The new lighting scheme utilises two LED fittings: Philips T-line interior tunnel lights provide constant longitudinal lighting with 285 2.0m units, each containing 48 LED light sources. These are constantly illuminated, with one-step dimming functionality to enable the light to be set at an appropriate level for day or night.

At the entrance and exit to the tunnel, light levels will be boosted during the day by 487 0.62m Philips FlowStar 200 LED lights, specifically designed for tunnel entrance applications. These provide balance with the brightness on the approach roads, controlled using photometers.

Steve Henry, location manager at SPIE, explains: ‘Not only does this mean lower energy costs and carbon emissions but it also reduces maintenance for the tunnel as these are fit-and-forget units requiring only periodic cleaning. The LED drivers are remotely mounted into dedicated enclosures for fast access. These dedicated enclosures also ensure cool running to enhance reliability.’

CABLE MANAGEMENT The improvements to the lighting at Conwy Tunnel have involved a considerable cable management installation.

Optec Electrical selected 304-grade stainless steel trunking from Unitrunk for the lighting cables, along with the its perforated steel tray for the small power and the RS485 insulated communications cabling required for the control systems.

Optec’s Chris McCormack comments: ‘The programme was very tight and timings were critical because of the contraflow traffic management.

‘Unitrunk’s Rapid Installation Systems philosophy meant that we could be confident of a much faster cable management installation and a much easier installation process. The company’s fast turnaround on product delivery also meant that we could be confident that there would be no supply chain delays.’

The Optec team began the cable management installation by fixing stainless steel rods from the ceiling, forming the connections for a steel channel framework at high level. This was then used as the infrastructure from which the cable management was suspended in a ‘trapeze’ configuration.

Scissor lifts were used to enable the installation to reach the required height for the installation. A 21-day period was designated for installation

Lighting Journal October 2015

of the T-Line and FlowStar fittings, with a further eight-day programme for wiring of the FlowStars.

The perforated steel tray systems were re-engineered to enable faster and easier fitting while answering the load testing and earth continuity requirements of the relevant BS EN 61537:2007 standard.

SPIE’s Steve Henry says: ‘The lighting installation has been designed to provide excellent low-maintenance benefits as well as low energy performance, and it was vital that this was reflected across the whole installation, not just the LED fittings themselves.

‘As a result, the durability of the cable management was just as important as the speed and ease of installation – and we only use Unitrunk products because, in our experience, they are the most robust systems on the market.’

The Unitrunk perforated steel tray is available in light, medium and heavy duty options. For this project, given the potential for damp conditions within the tunnel and the potentially corrosive presence of car fumes, the heavy duty tray was specified, fabricated from stainless steel, again because of the damp conditions and the pollutants within the tunnel.

With the power and comms infrastructure in place, Unitrunk trunking was then used to take the 48 volt DC cabling from the tray to the driver for each of the LED light fittings.

INTEGRATED CONTROLS Additional cable management was installed near the entrance to the tunnel, where photometers and B-ScoutMaster control systems have been installed. These new sensors and controls have been connected to the existing SCADA system to ensure fully-integrated intelligent control of all tunnel management systems.

The photometers register the natural light at the entrance and exit of the tunnel and command the B-Scout controllers to switch or dim the lighting to the appropriate pattern according to the SCADA settings. The system also monitors lighting performance, enabling instant detection of any faults on the system so that maintenance can be carried out quickly.

FULLY UPGRADED Following completion of the eastbound carriageway, Optec Electrical was then tasked with moving on to improvement works within the westbound tunnel. This included installing new data cabling to enable integration of smart controls and photometers to the westbound lighting system in order to improve energy efficiency.

Steve Henry of SPIE concludes: ‘When the Conwy Tunnel was built it was the most state-of-the-art tunnel in the country. The improvements being installed as part of this electrical upgrade will restore that reputation to Conwy Tunnel and ensure that it remains safer, more energy efficient and lower maintenance for the next 25 years.’

Deliv ering sm oo ther transition and ad aptation

Lumen range from 6,000lm to 40,000lm

Up to

127 lm/W

✓ Modular design ✓ One solution to maintain ✓ Thermal excellence ✓ Optical performance ✓ Energy efficiency Extruded housing with vented channels.

CO

NN

ON

100% ECTI

Soldering and verification of the LED module.

Working ambient temperature –40ºC to 60ºC.

+44 (0)1908 649292 | www.holophane.co.uk

EW N

16

Road tunnel lighting

CASE STUDY

AN VOLUTION

IN LED LIGHTING BRINGING YOU A

T R U E R E T R O F I T S O LU T I O N

LED

70W

60W

50W

45W

40W

30W

REPLACEMENTS FOR 20W

Another example of using LEDs as a tunnel lighting solution can be seen in the recent overhaul of the A5202 St Pancras Road underpass in north London.

The underpass is a busy traffic, cycle and pedestrian route running to St Pancras and King’s Cross railway stations, as well as providing access to Camden Council’s offices. It was previously lit by around 100 twin lamp metal halide fittings, lighting that left the tunnel environment gloomy and uninviting.

The solution, in a project overseen by the council, was to replace the metal halides with Philips FlowStar Road Tunnel luminaires, with the lighting design carried out by Philips and the new luminaires installed by contractor SPIE. ‘The previous luminaires were fitted into the soffit of the underpass and as this is a concrete strutted roof it would have been impractical to alter it. We needed a solution that could provide a direct replacement for the existing fittings,’ explains SPIE project manager John Broster.

The stainless steel luminaires have been installed on a one-for-one replacement basis and have provided energy savings of more than 50%, according to Philips. As well as reduced energy consumption and carbon emissions, the council is aiming to achieve a five year pay-back period through reduced maintenance costs.

The luminaires have increased light levels and uniformity and reduced the gloom, with the new 4000K neutral white colour temperature creating a more inviting visual environment.

‘As this is a short underpass the lighting only requires one-step dimming and we were able to adjust the existing system, using high light levels during the day and dimming at night to minimise the contrast for drivers entering the underpass,’ adds SPIE’s John.

OUR NEW GU 10 & MR 16 RANGE • 3.6W  7. 5W • • 2700K  5000K • • 25,000 HOUR LIFESPAN • ✓ Dimmable options available ✓ Amazing prices, unbeatable value ✓ All lamps are fully and compliant

NEXT WORKING DAY DELIVERY 5YEAR WARRANTY 30DAY RETURNS See our fantastic product range

Lighting Journal October 2015

trade.ledhut.co.uk

trade@ledhut.co.uk

0161 655 0660

at s u ve sit x Li i V u L D

33

on

H ExCel L

d on

,

5 01 N 2 A mber T S Nove 9

-1

18

LIGHTING PROBLEMS SOLVED IN RECORD BREAKING TIMES. Dextra Group plc. are at the cutting edge of luminaire development and with seven subsidiary companies, all facets of the lighting industry are covered from rail to retail and everything along the way. With industry leading service levels, we not only offer bespoke and standard energy efficient lighting products, we offer them in record breaking times.

+44 (0)1747 858100 | dextragroup.co.uk

18

High street lighting

NORTH EAST PASSAGE Feature lighting and iconic illuminated masts are at the heart of the recent regeneration of Stockton-on-Tees high street. Steve Edwards outlines the process from concept to implementation

S

tockton-on-Tees is a vibrant market town in the north east of England, located within the Tees Valley. It is known as the north east’s ‘capital of street arts’ and its International Riverside Festival, held every summer, has created an important signature and personality for the town.

The town is home to the ‘Stockton Sparkles’ Christmas festival and sporting events such as the Stockton Cycling Festival, Stockton Duathlon and ‘Rat River Race’, a 10km urban obstacle course.

And Stockton now also has a transformed high street, thanks to a £20 million regeneration project overseen

by Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council, within which a £1.5 million lighting project has played a major part. This has included the creation of a new central area focal point and the illumination of key structure, buildings and spaces.

The council initially commissioned Stainton Lighting Design Services (SLDS) in 2013, first to evaluate and critique an earlier proposed lighting solution and then to work to create a new lighting masterplan for the high street.

Lighting Journal October 2015

THE MASTERPLAN When discussing the requirements and aspirations of the masterplan it was evident the scheme needed to have the ability to create differing user experiences via the use of colours and patterns. The council was also keen to capture the spirit and buzz of the International Riverside Festival.

The key elements therefore incorporated into the masterplan were: • Light sources should be energy efficient with low maintenance, with a desire to utilise LED technologies where appropriate.

• The installation of bespoke iconic masts to complement the urban design with a modern look, and one that paid a tribute to the town’s dockyard history.

• Use consistent colour temperatures that would be sympathetic with the palette of proposed and existing materials.

• Lighting should be located within specific zones designated for new street furniture equipment where possible.

• Specific buildings/structures should have an additional lighting treatment.

This included the ‘Shambles’ indoor market, Stockton Town Hall, the

High street lighting relocated Dodshan’s Fountain, Market Cross, and the proposed new Automaton moving sculpture.

• The use of colour should be limited to the visual extremities of the scheme, or to specific structural elements, and should not be used ‘carte blanche’.

• The mood of the lighting installation should have the ability of being changeable for different events, and be able to be programmed by specific members of Stockton’s events team.

• There should be a single control system to control both functional and feature lighting elements with the ability of being scalable in the future. In addition to this, concepts for additional bespoke lighting installations were to be explored which could be implemented as part of the public realm scheme.

19

15m-high masts that would celebrate Stockton’s industrial dockyard heritage.

SLDS and Stockton Council’s urban design team worked closely with Urbis Lighting and Aquila Design to develop the preferred illumination solution. The final concept utilised the LED module from the Axia luminaire, as this would mean the standard light engines could be integrated into the actual mast structure. This also allowed a more streamlined form to be explored, while offering the benefit that the lighting component itself is sustainable as it is taken from a standard product.

An initial lighting design was undertaken by us to ascertain how many optics would be required on each mast,

STOCKTON’S ICONIC MASTS One of the signature elements of the regeneration project was the creation and illumination of a series of iconic

Lighting Journal October 2015

20

High street lighting

as this element would also dictate the space requirements within the base of the mast and give an idea of the number of units required and budget costs.

We proposed the use of neutral white (4,250K) LEDs for the functional lighting. This would complement the proposed light greys of the new landscape materials and offered the best compromise between LED efficacy and ambiance. It also offered a contrast with the buildings and structures, for which we proposed white (3,000K) LEDs following extensive site trialling.

The Axis LED module profile also allowed us to rotate the top five units through 180 degrees to provide additional back light, as the design of the structure reduced a proportion of the backward light from the unit.

We had recently designed a large-scale scheme on the adjacent riverside using Philips/Color Kinetic iColor Flex LMX and proposed this could be integrated into the mast design in order to provide a scheme-wide colourchange feature. Limitations because of topography and underground services meant we needed to provide additional back light, as the final locations were generally further away from the buildings than initially designed.

Our solution to this problem also accommodated another development, as the use of banners became a design consideration. Our innovative solution to both problems was to incorporate eight of the same Axia modules within a bespoke banner arm. This supported and illuminated the banner while providing the required back light for the majority of situations.

Ultimately we needed to further supplement this lighting in a few key areas, with a number of the masts having a matched Urbis Teceo luminaire mounted at approximately 10m on the rear of the mast.

BESPOKE FEATURE LIGHTING A number of concepts were proposed for the bespoke feature lighting installations.

These included: • Digital pod, incorporating interactive floor and interior/exterior walling.

• Dynamic lighting canopy, comprising iColor Flex LMX matrix attached to building-mounted mesh canopy and attached via catenary wires.

• iColor Flex LMX Gen 2 matrix located behind Litracon panels within the central area. Litracon is a patented concreate product that allows light transmission via amalgamated optical fibres.

Within this, the central area feature lighting was, naturally, a key consideration. The central area incorporates a water feature with a number of fountain jets and mirror pool. The area was designed to be playful and the centrepiece for the whole scheme.

As the informal seating area around the fountain was to be made from granite materials, there was a great opportunity to provide a funky, dynamic and unique installation that would also stand up to playful children without damage to the feature.

Our initial proposal used Litracon panels on the inward facing upright section of the six curved informal seating/planting areas. However in the end the final scheme comprised three seating areas on the periphery of the fountain.

The Litracon 60mm thick panels are illuminated from behind by a matrix of 2,400 individual Philips iColor Flex LMX Gen 2 nodes, spaced with 60mm x 60mm node pitch (vertical + horizontal) and utilising semi-frosted flat lens on typically 60 node strings.

To make this scheme possible, we needed Philips Colour Kinetics to develop non-standard leader cables.

This was because, prior to the project, the maximum length for these cables was 100 foot where we needed nearer 200 foot.

Following a number of discussions this solution was developed and, in fact, is now is a standard product. All of the control equipment is housed within the underground plant room installed for the fountain, so removing the need for a substantial feeder pillar or overground plant room.

THE CONTROL SYSTEM The council was looking for a single interface to control both the functional lighting and the static and dynamic feature lighting. It was evident that, because of the proposed number of individual RGB elements (with potential for more than 4,500 individual units) an Ethernet-DMX system would be necessary to control the dynamic lighting. This is because of the potential to transmit many DMX universes down a single Ethernet cable, whereas with traditional DMX512-A only one DMX universe is transmitted down a single ‘twisted pair’ cable.

The proposed RGB equipment from ColorKinetics uses a proprietary eDMX protocol (KiNet) which any proposed

IT’S NOT JUST LIGHTING...

...IT’S AMBIENCE.

LET’S CREATE THE GREATER OUTDOORS Our integrated lighting ranges provide more than just a single function.

Utilising innovative design and technical precision, our products have everything you need to create spaces that people flock to.

Whatever you’re looking for, whether it’s a specific product or a certain theme, you’ll find everything you need to create the greater outdoors.

Discover more at marshalls.co.uk/greateroutdoors

22

High street lighting

DMX controller would need to be able to output. The eDMX system comprises a number of gigabit (1000Mb/s) Netgear Prosafe unmanaged switches and rugged duct-grade Category 6 interconnecting cabling.

Typically the maximum cable lengths were between 60-75m, which is well within the maximum 100m limitation.

Although the Philips/Color Kinetics drivers and control equipment would only transmit at 100Mb/s, as the network comprises nearly 100 devices there would be a large increase in bandwidth opting for a gigabit solution, as the proposed Pharos LPCX lighting controller can transmit at 1,000MB/s.

This ensures the ‘backbone’ of the system will not limit performance of the RGB equipment and ensures the timing of dynamic effects is nearly perfect from one end of the scheme to the other for a small increase in costs over a lesser Ethernet solution.

With this in mind, we considered how it might be possible to control the functional lighting via the desired single control system. Existing DMX512-A interface/control products were available which could convert a DMX to a signal that could be interpreted by most LED drivers. However, one of the limitations of DMX-512A is that the communication protocol does not have a feature for ‘error checking’, which in this situation would not be acceptable.

As the control system would be switching on/off all the functional lighting on the high street it was, understandably, of paramount importance that any proposed system should be reliable, robust and, just as importantly, would fail in a safe condition.

This was discussed closely with the council, and the suggestion was to reverse-engineer the ‘functional’ DMX512-A system whereby the lighting is always switched on, unless it is ‘acted on’ by the DMX system.

The options were to either use either DMX-DALI or DMX-Analogue conversion.

Most LED drivers would operate with both DALI or 1-10V protocols, but it was decided that DMX-Analogue converters would be most suited to the requirements of the scheme.

For the reverse-design to work optimally, the LED drivers were specifically programmed with a preset minimum dim level of 50% (10% would typically be a factory preset level).

This meant that, in the rare instance of a DMX communication error or failure, the lighting would remain on at the minimum 50% light instead of switching off completely.

Lighting Journal October 2015

As the scheme developed, the electrical requirements grew beyond simply lighting and the three main pillar locations now provide for the public realm lighting, all feature lighting, market supplies, event supplies, car charging points and festive lighting A negative to this approach was that the system would not be able to fully switch off the LED drivers powering the Axia modules. This problem was overcome by the use of a six-channel DMX relay within each mast.

The DMX relay was already being considered to allow on/off control for the additional mast-mounted Teceo-2 luminaires, and also the 16A ‘festive’ sockets. So a third channel was proposed to switch on/off the drivers powering the Axia modules for a relatively small extra cost.

To further improve the reliability of the switching, the relays activate the ‘coil’ on a corresponding contactor, thereby the DMX relay will not actually experience the ‘full’ or ‘start-up’ currents of the drivers when it is energised.

The dimming capability within each mast is controlled via a 12-channel DMXAnalogue converter. Each of the six remote LED drivers and, where installed, the additional mast-mounted Teceo-2 luminaire, are controlled via a dedicated DMX channel.

This mean that, in principle, they could be dimmed independently of each other. In essence, therefore, there were two fully-LED DMX control systems working in parallel, but with both systems using linked DMX lighting controllers and working via a single DMX program.

ENERGY CONSUMPTION In total, the functional lighting comprises 22 iconic masts supplemented by 25 1012m lighting columns.

Another of the council’s priorities therefore was to minimise the energy usage and consumption of the proposed installation. This has been achieved using a number of different methods: • Optimum selection of LED module photometries within each lighting

unit. The majority of optics face forwards, but an optimum number of LED modules are rear-facing to supplement the back-lighting of each mast in order to maximise spacings and reduce the overall energy consumption per lighting unit.

• Part-night dimming. All lighting units dim between 02:00 and dawn to 50% light output. As all feeder pillar supplies are metered, all energy savings are fully realised by the client and are not dependant on any UMSUG codes or switching regimes.

• All LED drivers are pre-programmed with Constant Light Output (CLO) enabled to realise approximately an additional 10% reduction in total energy usage.

• The use of neutral white LEDs driven at 500mA drive current. Although there is an increase in capital cost for the extra light engines, the lower drive currents are more energy efficient than higher drive currents.

The functional lighting has a combined load of 20.2kW at full output (this load includes for driver losses and for LEDs operating with CLO enabled) and the lighting was designed using BS5489-1:2003 to class CE1 (30 Lux Average).

The overall size of the scheme area being illuminated is 35,500m², which equates to an energy usage of 0.57W/m² and 0.29W/m² for full output and dimmed states respectively.The feature lighting includes: • 100 individual iColor Flex LMX nodes per mast.

• 2,400 individual iColor Flex LMX Gen 2 nodes behind Litracon lighttransmitting concreate panels within the central area.

• RGBW linear lighting and static uplighting to the town hall.

• Additional static up-lighting to the Shambles market, other features, and new semi-mature trees.

The feature lighting has a combined load of 12.0kW, of which 6.4kW equates to colour-change RGB(W) luminaires and 5.6kW of static, or dimmable white, up-lighters. However, during normal use the colour-change lighting will effectively run at an average of a third of maximum load.

The expected average combined load during normal usage would be approximately 7.7kW. Furthermore, the feature lighting operates from dusk until 02:00, at which time it switches off until the following evening.

24

High street lighting

FESTIVE LIGHTING Part-way through the project the council requested the ability to facilitate a brand new festive lighting scheme for the high street using the existing infrastructure.

In essence, the ability was already in place via the DMX512A system with the inclusion of some additional DMXcontrollable sockets and by adding to existing DMX-controllable circuits.

ELECTRICAL DESIGN The electrical and control infrastructure for this project uses three main feeder pillars sited in unobtrusive locations, with one being specifically constructed from blockwork to blend in with its surroundings. The pillars are significant in size but do not interfere with the daytime street scene.

As the scheme developed, the electrical requirements grew beyond The scheme was based on a full LED simply lighting and the three main pillar solution, which included: locations now provide for the public • Cool white LED wrap treatment to 37 realm lighting, all feature lighting, market of the new semi-mature trees. supplies, event supplies, car charging • Blue/cool white LED ‘Stockton points and festive lighting. Collectively Sparkles’-themed tree sculpture for 600 amps of three phase supply is eight of the new semi-mature trees. required In total there is a supply • 25 column-mounted illuminated availability of 400kW across the whole displays with blue cool white LEDs site, with all elements being designed (2.8m x 1.2m)

by SLDS. • 50-foot tree with 5,000 cool white The town’s market traders also have LEDs. access to 25 in-ground raising units • 7m tall reindeer attached to the situated through the site. In addition there Shambles roof. is a specialist 125 amp three phase event • 6m tall illuminated present attached to supply situated in the northern area. The Automaton plinth. electrical supply • 7m tall illuminated/animated 3D also accommodates one 55kW rapid walkthrough bauble at the top of car charger within the northern area.

Dovecot Street.

• Cross-street LED canopy to Silver CONCLUSION Street (approximately 700m² As a company we are proud to have surface area). delivered this extensive scheme from • Market Cross monument illumination concept through design, to specification with cool white festoon lights. and finally to on-site delivery and control • Festive effect programming of the commissioning. iColor Flex LMX nodes on the The complex and diverse nature of iconic masts. the project offered may challenges from

Lighting Journal October 2015

a lighting and engineering perspective.

Through a genuinely collaborative working partnership with Stockton Council, suppliers, and the on-site teams, we have delivered an iconic landmark project, which has exceeded expectations.

Steve Edwards is design manager (specialist lighting) at Stainton Lighting Design Services

LED for everyone Aura Light EASY S election

26

ILP International Year of Light lecture

Russell Foster, professor of circadian neuroscience and head of the Department of Ophthalmology at Oxford University delved into the complexities of the eye, photoreceptor systems and the body’s circadian rhythms when he delivered the ILP International Year of Light lecture in June. Here is an abridged version

I

am really honoured and delighted to be able to give this annual lecture. You can tell from the title – ‘Light, time and health: biology to architecture’ – that when I gave it, I clearly wasn’t sure what I was going to be talking about, because that basically covers everything.

But what I’d like to hone in on are the following topics.

What I thought might be useful to kick off is to talk about the diversity of the light environment in which we live, and to talk a bit about evolution and give a very brief outline of the image-forming visual system, the classical rod cone visual system. I then want to contrast it with this other photoreceptor system that we’ve discovered in the eye: the non-image forming light detector system In our illuminance range, in theory, we go from 0.0001, which is starlight in an overcast, moonless night sky – which is basically dark – all the way through to the brightest sunlight, which you’d never get in the UK but which you might get out, at 120,000 lux, somewhere in, let’s say, Africa in a clear blue sky.

To put this into perhaps a more useful context, we’re dealing with moonlight at about 0.01 to one lux, candle light – a candela of course is the irradiance of a candle at one metre – then we’ve got a museum display cabinet and sunlight, where we’re talking around about 50 lux or so. Then modern offices, 300-600, then we go to near the window, perhaps about 3,000 lux. Outdoor shade you might get up to 10,000 lux in northern Europe. So that’s the sort of range we’re used to experiencing.

Lighting Journal October 2015

MODERN LIVING And I think it is really important to stress that much of our evolutionary history has been largely in a very bright light environment. Much of our evolutionary history has been in bright light, something of the dynamic range of 10,000 to 100,000 lux. However, we are obsessed with all of this ‘cave stuff’ – but really living in a cave was very rare.

As we’ve already said, at a window we might get about 3,000 lux, depending upon the house and the architecture.

But by the time you’ve gone to one side of the room, it can drop to 50 lux; there is a huge attenuation. And then of course, in offices you’re lucky to be up to 600 lux, usually in the 400 lux range. So, interestingly enough, although our evolutionary history has not been in caves, actually we do live in ‘caves’ because we both live and sleep in a relatively dim, dark environment; certainly one lacking the light we have experienced through much of our evolutionary history, up until the past few hundred years.

Now let’s talk about the image-forming light detection systems. First, of course, is the eye, and the familiar function of the eye is to detect images. Either in black and white – an object against its background – or colour vision, whereby we can discriminate much more sophisticated objects against their background using the differential reflection of different wavelengths of light, different colours.

In the classical cartoon of the eye you have the rods and cones, the photoreceptor cells, then the inner retina – the first stage of visual processing – before the Ganglion cells

ILP International Year of Light lecture are then excited, fire an action potential down the optic nerve and into the brain. And that’s the signal the brain receives and essentially decodes and makes some sense visually of our world, and that’s all done in the visual cortex.

LIGHT DETECTION But there’s another light detector system, a brightness detector system whereby the eye is being used to get an overall measure of the gross amount of light, or the irradiance of the light environment, and use that to regulate internal time. We’ve been studying the eye as an image detector for 150 years. But the idea of a brightness detector – a third photoreceptor system – quite distinct from the rods and cones of the image detection system, is a very, very new phenomenon.

The origins of this discovery really arise because we asked a very, very straightforward question: how does the biological clock – the 24-hour clock, circadian rhythms, about-a-day rhythms – how are they actually regulated to the external world and the external light/dark cycle?

Basically, every aspect of our physiology and behaviour is being regulated, fine-tuned, altered, by an internal biological clock; any parameter you care to measure is showing a variation over a 24-hour day. It’s really an extraordinary bit of our biology.

So, how are these 24-hour rhythms generated? There’s an incredible bit of the brain, a tiny bit of the brain, where the optic nerves fuse. It’s a structure called the optic chiasm. If I take a slice through the optic chiasm and I look to the top of the brain, there are two small structures. And they’re called the suprachiasmatic nuclei, and that’s this biological clock, this master co-ordinator that’s driving and co-ordinating all those rhythms. If this region of the brain is destroyed then all of those 24-hour rhythms are lost.

What’s truly extraordinary – and a great discovery I think in the past 15 years – is that each of those individual cells can act as its own clock; take it out, stick it in a dish and record from it, and you see a 24-hour oscillation in activity.

So this clock is not the product of cell-cell interaction. It is sub-cellular, a molecular process. There are about 50,000 of these individual cellular oscillators, all coupled to produce a ‘master’ body clock generating those 24-hour rhythms.

MASTER’ AND ‘SLOPPY’ CLOCKS So we have a ‘master’ clock ticking away in the body. And what we assumed until very recently is that some sort of signal from this master clock in the brain would force, impose, 24-hour rhythms on all of our biology; we were wrong.

It has become clear that every cell in the body can also produce a 24-hour oscillation independently, not as well as the cells in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, but they’re, if you like, ‘sloppy’ clocks.

So what’s happening is that this master clock is sending a signal and then co-ordinating the activity of billions of individual cellular oscillators scattered through the organ systems of the body. So you have this extraordinary circadian network that fine-tunes everything that we do.

But this circadian network is of absolutely no use whatsoever unless the internal day is locked on to the external world. And for that you need an eye that detects the light/dark cycle, which sets the individual cellular oscillators to the appropriate phase. A classic mismatch between the external day and the internal day would be jetlag. You eventually get over jet-lag because the light/dark cycle resets the clock to the local time.

But the task of brightness detection is so radically different

27

from image detection. It was that big difference in sensory processing that haunted me; I could not understand how the known function of the eye in terms of rods and cones processing a visual image out of the Ganglion cells and off to the brain could also reliably detect brightness and essentially set the internal clock?

Photoreceptor Ganglion cells: about one in every hundred are directly light sensitive

That led in the late 1980s, early 1990s, to a range of studies on mice. These showed the eye was the only source of light information getting in to the clock. Those results prompted us to suggest something quite radical, which was: could there be another photoreceptor system within the eye that’s different from the rods and cones?

By 1999 we knew that the rods and cones were not required: a rod-less, cone-less mouse allowed us to demonstrate that there must be a third receptor system within the eye. But if it wasn’t rods or cones, what the hell was it?

And now we know, of course, it’s the photoreceptor Ganglion cells. About one in every hundred of the Ganglion cells are directly light sensitive.

PUPIL CONSTRICTION It then became apparent that this third photoreceptor system was doing much more than just regulating the clock; it’s also regulating our pupil constriction. We’ve got multiple functions; this is not just a circadian photoreceptor but an entire irradiance brightness detector system, which is regulating multiple aspects of our physiology and behaviour. We also found there is another light sensitive molecule within the eye, a new photo pigment within the eye that is peaking at 480nm (nanometres), and it’s been called Melanopsin (Opn 4).

And so then we asked the question: are humans like mice? That’s actually been a much more difficult problem than you might think. We were very lucky. We discovered a lady who was 88 and had a diseased gene, and we still don’t quite know what that gene is, we don’t really understand the genetic defect. But what it resulted in was a complete loss of all of her rods and cones. Her fundus looked absolutely shot.

So, would she respond to a light/dark cycle? We attached

Lighting Journal October 2015

28

ILP International Year of Light lecture

a little wristwatch monitor to her arm that measured activity over 48 hours and we also monitored her urine. And we saw a beautiful melatonin profile that occurred at the same stage.

We then compared that to someone with no eyes, how they behaved – with an individual who had lost their eyes as the result of a ghastly accident – and this person’s rhythm just drifted through time. But with our 88-year-old, although there was some activity at night (she was getting up to go to the loo) there was no sign of drifting.

She had a beautifully entrained circadian system. We then, working with the Harvard Group, had a younger patient, again with no rods and cones, and who had a much more robust rhythm, and beautifully aligned, and the melatonin peak was exactly in the middle of the night when you’d expect. So those two individuals, who we know did not have rods and cones, behaved just like our mice.

Our 88-year-old also showed a pupil constriction in response to bright light. What was really exciting was that we could use this to determine what the spectral response was.

So, different wavelengths of light to do an action spectrum,

CASE STUDIES OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS Professor Foster brought his lecture to a conclusion by running through a number of laboratory- and real lifebased case studies conducted by a range of academic colleagues.

These included an analysis of how exposure to strong levels of natural light – in one case by taking a group of students camping – can have a significant effect on sleep/wake cycles. Exposure to strong light sources even in short bursts of 5,000 lux for 2.5 hours a day can also shift alertness and melatonin cycles.

Professor Foster cited a study by Professor Christian Cajochen of the University of Basel studying the effect of blue enriched light of 6,500K, warm light of 3,000K and ‘orangey’ light of 2,500K on alertness levels.

‘We know photo retinal Ganglion cells are blue light-sensitive, so will blue light be more effective than the longer, redder wavelengths? And that’s exactly what Christian found. Not only can high levels of light increase alertness, but it seems to be spectrally matched to those photo sensitive retinal Ganglion cells,’ he argued.

He then turned to a Dutch study of lighting in a nursing home, by Professor Eus Van Someren of the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience.

Whereas previously the residents’ living areas had been lit by as little as 20 lux, Professor Van Someren installed banks of light that produced around 2,000 lux in day areas and reduced amount of light to darkness in the bedrooms. He then monitored their rest/activity profile with wristwatch monitors.

‘With about 2,000 lux you can turn really poor sleep/wake cycles into a robust, stabilised sleep/wake profile. And what was so exciting, and maybe no great surprise, was that, with the improvement of the sleep/ wake structure, he showed an increase of 10% in the cognitive performance of these individuals, who were already showing mild dementia. So getting the lighting environment right in a nursing home can have a big effect,’ said Professor Foster.

Lighting Journal October 2015

and to our intense pleasure the result indicated a pigment at 481nm, completely different from the known pigments in our rods and cones system.

So we are indeed like mice in terms of where the spectrosensitivity is as well; we’re all peaking in the blue part of the spectrum, almost exactly at 480nm. So we can add a fifth light sensitive molecule, which is Melanopsin, into the human eye.

These photo retinal Ganglion cells are picking up light actually when light has to be fairly bright. In fact, to put it into context, to get a really good regulation of the clock we’re in the 1,000 lux range; it needs to be really bright. No great surprise though. When you think about it, we’ve evolved out in the open, largely speaking, where the light range is huge and very bright.

We evolved under bright light conditions and we must consider the two functions of the eye, as an image detector and brightness detector, which requires bright light to actually function effectively. And yet we live in houses that, actually inside, are dim, dark caves. So maybe we need to think again.

Non Destructive Structural Testing Of Lighting Columns ASSESSMENT OF CORROSION AT KEYPOINTS The Problem:

The Solution:

Four positions identified by ILP Technical Report N°22. where undetected corrosion can result in sudden catastrophic failure.

Kiwa CMT Testing’s unique Relative Loss of Section (RLS) and Swage Joint Analyser (SJA) techniques designed to assess the extent of corrosion in the four danger zones including the column root below ground without excavation.

• • • •

Internal Corrosion at the Hot Swaged Joint Internal Corrosion at base of the door opening Internal or External Corrosion from the base of the door to ground level Corrosion of the root below ground

Supported by Geographical Information Systems to capture, store, analyse and manage data.

Kiwa CMT Testing is UKAS* accredited for the use of the RLS™ system and is also a Highway Electrical Registration Scheme (HERS) registered organisation.

Registration number SSR482. *For details of tests included on our current UKAS Schedule please visit www.ukas.org

Reg Nº SSR 482

Direct Cost Effective Testing : WHERE IT REALLY COUNTS Kiwa CMT Testing Tel 01332 383333 Fax 01332 602607 cmtenquiries@kiwa.co.uk www.kiwa.co.uk

Global NO.1 LED Street Lighting Supplier Luminaire Efficacy

Innovation of PERMiA Series

>120lm/W

Mounted with 2 separate, lightweight, modular parts which enables single Engineer installation.

Internal reflector system ensures optimum photometric and superior uniformity.

Internal bubble levelling system assists Engineer in ensuring correct and precise positioning.

For more information please contact Leotek sales representative.

30

Office lighting

MAKING LIGHT WORK

Does the rise of the built-in light and ‘at desk’ face-to-face communication over the internet signal the end of the office ceiling luminaire? Dominic Meyrick investigates

I

t’s only very recently that ‘face-toface’ communication down a phone line in the form of video phones became a reality in many homes and workplaces rather than the stuff of science fiction and fantasy.

In Fritz Lang’s influential sciencefiction film Metropolis the video phone features in conversations regarding the revolt of the mistreated workers in the futuristic city, while in the film Back to the Future Marty McFly receives video telephone calls from his boss and is in effect fired by video phone. Forget hover boards, it was remote face-toface communication that we often longed for in fiction.

And now, of course, such technology has arrived and is commonly available in many offices up and down the country.

There are tools such as Apple’s FaceTime and Microsoft has recently launched Skype for Business, which incorporates Microsoft Lync. This

Lighting Journal October 2015

allows contacts on a Lync system to be available for video-conferencing and speaking over the internet – simply by clicking on a contact name. Messages will be stored by Microsoft, so it is likely messages/discussions will be legally binding. This could spell the death of email.

About seven years ago, Hoare Lea Lighting worked with a telepresence and video-conferencing specialist on a high-end office interior for a global corporate.

The video-conferencing room had a table with 10 seats, in front of which was a bank of screens. The other remote room had a similar set-up, so it appeared everyone was seated around one conference table.

Hoare Lea mocked up the lighting, modelling a suite of rooms, and this solution was rolled out to offices across the world, from South America to Japan. This large manufacturing client estimated that using video-conferencing in this way saved the firm £14m a year on costs such as flights and hotels, and of course valuable time.

LIGHTING NEEDS TO ADAPT Of course, seeing a person’s face as well as hearing their voice is invaluable.

A somewhat cynical head of a travel agency once explained to me that by seeing a person’s face he could tell if that person was lying. It is also simply a more human way of communicating – by seeing facial expression communication is improved.

But standard lighting design solutions in the office environment have not addressed this seachange in the way we

will communicate. Changes in working styles from paper to computer have been recognised, and it is generally accepted that paper tasks on a desk are in decline.

This was one of the reasons the authors of BS EN 12464 – 2011 took task uniformity down from 0.7 to 0.4.

We need uniformity, but not across the whole floor plate. If we don’t recognise this, the number of luminaires required will be increased, with the knock-on effect of increasing installation and running costs – and for no good reason.

Indeed, we will be burning down the planet. There is also the question of lux levels – we don’t go below 200 lux, but should 500 lux now be allowed to die?

BS EN 12464 - 2011 also makes a ‘nod’ to the up-and-coming face-to-face revolution by bringing in guidance on mean cylindrical illuminance for ‘activity spaces’ (that’s offices to you and me).

In the future, face-to-face (remote) communication could be the primary occupation undertaken at our desks, with 95% of time spent looking at our screens. Paper will still be around but, in terms of lighting, the emphasis will be on the face.

The lighting community had better wake up to this. The BS nod is not enough – and in the latest version of the SLL Lighting Handbook ‘facial’ is only mentioned four times in its 330 pages.

Office lighting So, what will this revolution look like? Will our desks turn into minichanging rooms for actors with the quintessential light bulbs around the make-up mirror, only it will be a computer screen? And will it be facial expressions, rather than make-up, that we will be concentrating on? Well, yes, sort of.

This revolution will be difficult to accommodate as generational differences and different work styles kick in. Compared to my generation, younger people brought up on Facebook (notice the name) and YouTube seem comfortable seeing themselves on screen. Also, as the world shrinks, people may be concerned about not being seen – the Skype job interview is now, for example, common practice.

And then there is the question of what you see or what you think you see.

Are remote workers in suits or pyjamas and is that a fake background in your home office? Will there be offices at all?

Well, that question has been around for a long time and the current thinking is ‘Yes Jim, but not as we know it.’

WHAT IT MEANS FOR LUMINAIRES If you Google ‘desk lights’, you get images of traditional fittings sitting on desks or a task light mounted to the back or surface of the desk. The communication revolution could change all this, as luminaires move from illuminating tasks to lighting interiors.

This is in keeping with the trend in lighting where clients don’t want lighting seen as part of the services of the office, like sprinklers or smoke detectors, but rather as part of the finishes, alongside wall colours, desks and carpets.

This move to ‘finishes’ has been assisted by illumination moving from the ceiling. Finishes are endlessly debated as they must be, in the words of Goldilocks, ‘just right’. In contrast, if lighting is based on hitting a task illuminance alone, rather than seen as essential to the visual impression of a space, object or building, it can end up in a commodity Dutch auction of ‘like for like’ products.

The move from the ceiling has been made possible with the prevalence of LEDs, OLEDS and the like. The incidence of light as an electrical component hit home some years ago when I received a phone call from a PCB (printed circuit board) supplier who suggested getting the components and then him supplying the fitting.

To me, this signalled the end of the hold of the big luminaire suppliers to provide solutions.

This trend has played itself out over the past years with Siemens and Philips, to name but two, selling off their lighting divisions in a market rapidly moving away from ‘traditional’ luminaire solutions. One more trip to the internet demonstrates this, as a Google search for LED tape finds more than 1,000 suppliers, most of which I have never heard of before.

So, what will this new ‘lighting as a finish not a service’, look like? As communication becomes more about face-to-face over the internet, lighting will be localised and built into computer screens.

If you Google ‘desk lights’, you get images of traditional fittings sitting on desks or a task light mounted to the back or surface of the desk. The communication revolution could change all this, as luminaires move from illuminating tasks to lighting interiors Gone will be the overhead lighting, created and driven by the outdated need for the lighting of a visual acuity task based on the printed word. PCs and laptops already have built-in cameras, next the screen will have built-in lighting. As for the office interior, this will be lit, not for task, but for visual impression alone.

At Hoare Lea’s London office in the Western Transit Shed, behind Kings Cross, 20% is component based, built-in lighting. In the past, the light would have been supplied in a luminaire, which would have needed a mains supply and control gear. Now, tape can be laid within a coffer detail and the gear can be elsewhere. LED tape is cheap, easy and does the job – and when it fails you can rip it out and replace.

The image of the Western Transit

31

Shed shows LED tape behind I beams washing the heritage brick walls; RGB tape behind acoustic panels uplighting the mezzanine ceiling and coffers; and tape on top of rows of freestanding cupboards. All elements are more than 2.5 years old and all are still working fine, and I expect them to do for at least the next two to three years.

These elements demonstrate the approach taken by many lighting designers – we want to see the light, not the luminaire. A sector where this is evident is the travel industry.

Trains and planes, for example, are illuminated without passengers seeing the fitting, space being a premium.

Unsightly luminaires also spoil the ‘pureness’ of the interior where the three dimensional form and its lighting should work in synergy.

While it may not be contemporary, one of the best examples of this is the timeless lit environment of the Northern line platform at Piccadilly. The platform is on one side, with the train on the other. Within the circle of the platform a bare fluorescent with a symmetrical distribution gives a uniform light in all areas. The platform circle and where the train enters, act as a giant reflector.

This creates the perfect optical position, with light bouncing off the interior to light the whole space – perfection whatever the light source. Rightly you will point out that you can see the fitting – but the purest synergy between all the interior elements means that it is not ‘seen’.

IMPLICATIONS FOR ARCHITECTURE If lighting becomes unseen will architecture change? Look at the way cheaper cast concrete influenced brutalist architecture in Britain in the 1970s, with such monumental buildings as the Barbican and the National Theatre. If lighting came away from ceiling could buildings become circular for example? In the classic film 2001: A Space Odyssey we see the hero running through just this sort of ‘hub’ environment. The fitting to the edge is unseen by the occupier, while the architecture takes the light and does the distribution – in this case from the floor.

Obviously ‘circular’ architecture with integral artificial lighting is not new, just look at any 1930s art deco building or some of the new wave, free flowing, architectural forms around today, but these are decorative elements. If solid state, component, light sources are virtually maintenance free in the future and if task illumination declines, will these factors also change building design?

Lighting Journal October 2015

32

Office lighting

Hoare Lea Lighting’s Western Transit Shed: 20% is component based, built-in lighting

There is another factor to consider, too: energy usage. The Lighting Industry Association quotes that 18% of electricity in the UK is consumed by artificial lighting and that 70% of this is from lighting in buildings. The ability of industry to reduce energy use has been too slow and the changeover to LEDs, OLEDs and other solid state technologies will not reduce energy use quickly enough.

The lighting industry can do what it can with lighting control and energy targets (and we should now be looking for 75 lumens per Watt). But it is engagement with new ways of working that will really push down the numbers.

Communication at work is changing. This means a change in emphasis from lighting for a task to lighting to create interesting spaces, while accommodating face-to-face communication.

This change in design approach, with light (both natural and artificial) in the body of the space, rather than the ceiling, will affect energy use. Our reliance on the ceiling as the place to position lighting will disappear and light will again be about the interior space, rather than numbers.

We can reject 500 lux – it is simply not necessary for tomorrow’s, and indeed today’s, working practices. 200 lux has happened – it makes sense in energy terms, and also for the functions required of a contemporary workspace.

Changes in the way we work,

Lighting Journal October 2015

Northern line platform at Piccadilly: platform circle and where the train enters act as a giant reflector

combined with redefining the need for specific lux levels, and the rise of component light sources, will surely signal the death, or perhaps slow demise, of the downlighter.

For those who built their businesses on the luminaire module in the ceiling, and the associated obsessions with performance, uniformity and modularity, these must be worrying times. For me, I will probably look back at these fittings with the same fondness with which I regarded my videos as, boxed up, I handed them over to my local charity shop.

Dominic Meyrick is a partner at Hoare Lea Lighting

34

Lux Live preview

SWITCH ON FOR

LUXLIVE

2015

Lighting professionals will be coming together with suppliers and funders of LED lighting at LuxLive next month, Europe’s biggest annual lighting event.

LuxLive marketing manager Anna Preedy looks at what delegates can expect for 2015 There’s a revolution going on in lighting in Britain. LEDs have taken the world of lighting by storm, allowing us all to save thousands of pounds by replacing old lighting technology with new.

To understand the risks and opportunities of upgrading lighting – public, highway, street, workplace and home – lighting engineers, estates’ managers, designers, specifiers, buyers and many others will be gathering on 18-19 November at LuxLive, the UK’s biggest lighting show, at ExCeL in London.

There they will be able to examine the latest energy-saving lighting products from more than 300 bigname exhibitors as well as discuss ways to fund upgrades and harness the latest technology successfully.

Alongside access to exhibitors and networking opportunities, there will, as usual, be an extensive programme of free talks, demonstrations and debates.

Overall, visitors to LuxLive will be able to access a rolling To check out details of the full programme of more programme go to: www.luxlive.co.uk than 80 sessions.

Lighting Journal October 2015

This year LuxLive has been divided into the key sectors that are feeling the effects of the LED revolution, including outdoor, highways, transport, housing and education as well as financing and emergency lighting.

In each sector, sessions will look in depth at some of the best exemplar projects, drill into some of the key technologies and debate the issues in that sector in a dedicated panel discussion. And all the events focusing on any one sector will be on the same day, to create a ‘must-attend’ day’s programme packed with content that’s relevant to you.

‘OUTDOOR LIGHTING DAY’ For example, ILP members may be particularly interested to note that Thursday 19 November is ‘outdoor lighting day’, when the discussion will be focused around the latest thinking in street lighting.

There will also be debates on smart streetlighting – for example, how the latest technology can turn streetlights into communications nodes, and how to get local residents on board with your lighting upgrade.

And funding will be another key topic up for discussion in the free conference content.

For example, representatives from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills will also be at LuxLive this year to outline the government’s latest plans for procuring outdoor lighting, and setting out what local authorities need to know.

Lighting experts will be lifting the lid on hot-button topics such as the possibilities of intelligent lighting and the ‘internet of things’ – should we believe the hype?

There will be an under-the-bonnet look at landmark projects such as Tesco’s massive LED rollout, how Wahaca’s new lighting is helping boost the brand of this Mexican restaurant chain and a look at why one London hospital is investing £1 million in new lighting.

There will also be presentations on upgrading heritage lighting, as well as case studies of standout lighting projects.

This year we’re expecting LuxLive to be even bigger and better than ever. In all, we’re anticipating there will be more than 8,000 visitors, from 52 countries, coming to ExCel over the two days.

Lux Live preview

LUXLIVE 2015 – THE KEY FACTS YOU NEED TO KNOW When: 18-19 November 2015 Where: ExCeL London Admission: free of charge

How to register: for your free pass go to www.luxlive.co.uk/register

SOME SESSIONS TO WATCH OUT FOR • Miles Alexander of the Green Investment Bank on how to find the funding for your LED upgrade • How to upgrade your heritage lighting – save energy but keep the look and feel • How to upgrade your lighting without upsetting local residents • The government’s plan for procuring public lighting – what you need to know

35

TOP LIGHTING SUPPLIERS AT LUXLIVE 2015 Outdoor lighting suppliers exhibiting at LuxLive 2015 will include: • Holophane • DW Windsor • iGuzzini • Kingfisher • Abacus • CU Phosco • Thorlux • OrangeTEK • NJO Technology • Lucy Zodion.

Lighting Journal October 2015

36

Legal issues be glossed over during contractual negotiations for a number of reasons, including because there are other matters to be addressed which are considered more important (for example negotiation of limitations of liability and clarification of the scope of services).

Or it can be because endeavours clauses are considered less onerous and therefore more reasonable than absolute obligations (where a party is required to actually do or not do something, rather than merely try to do or not do it).

However, following various court decisions, consultants and contractors in the lighting industry may be contractually obliged to go to greater lengths to satisfy their ‘endeavours’ obligations than they think they do. It is therefore worth taking some time to examine the courts’ position in relation to the three main types of endeavours clauses, in order to have a better idea of what you may be signing up to.

BEST ENDEAVOURS Endeavours clauses and standard of care provisions can get overlooked in the nitty gritty of contract negotiation.

But ignore them at your peril, advise Emma Fitzgerald and Howard Crossman

E

ndeavours clauses and standard of care provisions are two common provisions that will be of interest to all those in the lighting industry, particularly those involved with construction and engineering contracts and consultants’ professional appointments. Frequently these clauses are not given the attention they merit when negotiating terms.

Nevertheless, it is a good idea for those in the lighting sector who negotiate these agreements to spend a few moments considering what the implications of these provisions are, and how they might protect themselves and minimise risk.

Lighting Journal October 2015

ENDEAVOURS CLAUSES Both construction and engineering contracts and professional appointments often contain obligations on consultants, contractors and specialist subcontractors to ‘endeavour’ to achieve a particular outcome.

For example, obligations in consultants’ appointments sometimes include: • using reasonable endeavours to resolve disputes or differences through negotiations or mediation; • using all reasonable endeavours to ensure the employer’s compliance with CDM regulations; or • using all reasonable endeavours to minimise demobilisation and remobilisation costs following the employer’s suspension of services.

There is a range: namely ‘best endeavours’, ‘all reasonable endeavours’ and ‘reasonable endeavours’. Whilst in some jurisdictions (for example, Australia) these all amount to substantially the same level of obligation, in England and Wales, they differ in strength (with ‘best endeavours’ being the strongest, ‘reasonable endeavours’ the weakest and ‘all reasonable endeavours’ in between the two).

Endeavours obligations may

REASONABLE ENDEAVOURS This is where it is thought a party should not have to exhaust every course of action open to it in order to discharge its obligations (and may only have to take one course of action), and a party does not have to sacrifice its own commercial interests.

BEST ENDEAVOURS This is the form of clause that will require the most efforts.

The courts have stated that, to exercise best endeavours is to ‘take all the steps in their power which are capable of producing the required results’. Namely, this means steps which ‘a prudent, determined and reasonable [party], acting in his own interests and desiring to achieve that result would take.’

On the face of it this is onerous, but what does it involve practically? Case law indicates that in discharging an obligation to exercise best endeavours, significant costs/expenses may need to be incurred and you may have to instigate court proceedings to achieve this aim.

However, you are entitled to take your own commercial interests into account and should not be expected to threaten the solvency of your business.

You should also not be expected to take action which is almost certain to fail or which is unreasonable in all the circumstances.

If faced with being subject to such a clause, you should examine all the different courses of action that could

Legal issues be taken to achieve an objective which is proposed to be subject to the ‘best endeavours’ obligation. You should also consider the extent to which you would be prepared to undertake these courses of action before agreeing to it.

ALL REASONABLE ENDEAVOURS During contract negotiations ‘all reasonable endeavours’ is often adopted as a perceived compromise between ‘best endeavours’ and ‘reasonable endeavours’.

To some extent the courts appear to agree with this interpretation, although ‘all reasonable endeavours’ has on occasion been considered to sit more towards the ‘best endeavours’ end of the spectrum. In this case, the potential implications of best endeavours obligations set out above would still need to be considered in respect of ‘all reasonable endeavours’ obligations.

What is required by you to discharge your ‘all reasonable endeavours’ obligations is the least clear of all the endeavours clauses. However, in some circumstances some commercial sacrifice may be required and all reasonable courses of action are likely to be required to be taken.

Whilst this provides some useful insight into the English courts’ position concerning endeavours clauses, the overriding conclusion to be drawn is that there is some uncertainty, which is not particularly satisfactory from a risk management perspective.

For this reason, when faced with having to sign up to an endeavours clause, you may wish to set out expressly within the contract the lengths you are (or indeed are not) prepared to go to, in order to discharge your obligations.

This could include stating, amongst other things, the maximum time to be spent on achieving the obligation, the maximum expense/cost to be incurred, whether legal action is expected to be taken if required, any particular activities you are (or are not) expected to carry out or whose interests are to take precedence when acting.

This might also be worthwhile under a lighting contract where an employer is to be under an endeavours obligation and you wish to have certainty as to the steps the employer will take to achieve said obligation.

STANDARD OF CARE CLAUSES Another area for consideration when negotiating professional appointments, construction and engineering contracts (where there is a design element)

Following various court decisions, consultants and contractors may be contractually obliged to go to greater lengths to satisfy their ‘endeavours’ obligations than they think they do and also collateral warranties is the standard of care to be exercised by the consultant or contractor when it undertakes services.

These types of agreements will invariably contain standard of care provisions, of which there are three main types: The most basic standard of care clause. This merely states that the consultant or contractor will exercise ‘reasonable skill and care’ when performing services or undertaking design or ‘all reasonable skill and care’ (emphasis added). It compares the consultant or contractor with an average consultant or contractor in the same profession.

Standard of care clauses that make reference to the consultant or contractor having appropriate qualifications and/ or being experienced in undertaking services in relation to projects of a similar size to the project, or within a similar sector. Again, such a clause may specify that the consultant or contractor exercises ‘reasonable skill and care’ or ‘all reasonable skill and care’ (emphasis added).

Standard of care clauses that provide a project or design will be fit for its intended use. These obligations are not always obviously such from their

37

wording – for example where under a building contract a contractor is obliged to comply with employer’s requirements and/or certain performance obligations.

To be obliged to achieve a design or work that is definitely fit for its intended purpose is a very high standard, and professional indemnity insurers tend not to provide cover on a project where a consultant, contractor or specialist subcontractor has agreed to a fitness for purpose obligation.

In practice, the first two types of standard of care clause are most commonly seen, and the second type is popular as it provides a set of criteria against which a consultant can be measured.

It is not clear how the inclusion of ‘all’ in the first two types of standard of care clause affects obligations, as there is very little case law on the point. But the intention is evidently to increase the consultant or contractor’s burden.

In order to minimise potential exposure and reduce uncertainty you could request the deletion of ‘all’ during contract negotiations, should there be a provision for the exercise of ‘all reasonable skill and care’.

Given that professional indemnity insurers regularly decline cover on the basis of the wording of standard of care clauses, it is important to check your policy covers the standard of care proposed in any agreement. You can inform the other party to a draft agreement if the proposed standard of care clause falls outside the terms of your policy; it is not in the other party’s interest for the contract not to be covered and it is a persuasive argument in favour of amending the standard of care provisions.

In summary, it is easy for lighting engineers, designers and contractors or indeed local authorities and other employers to overlook these types of clauses when looking at the bigger picture of signing up to a contract. But do so at your peril, as the devil is in the detail and you may potentially be signing up to something very onerous.

Emma Fitzgerald is a solicitor and Howard Crossman (hcrossman@ greenwoods.co.uk) is head of construction at Greenwoods solicitors LLP. With offices in London, Cambridge and Peterborough, Greenwoods is a UK commercial law firm providing legal advice and pragmatic solutions to local, national and international clients

Lighting Journal October 2015

38

Inside the ILP

PREMIER GOAL The ILP has launched a new company member category,

Premier Corporate Membership. Chief executive Richard Frost explains what it will offer and the thinking behind it

M

oving from ILE to ILP has been a huge change, a huge transition, over the past five years.

It’s definitely been the right decision but there’s no getting away from the fact it’s been a big project, one that inevitably has sucked up a lot of our time and resources.

One of the downsides of this has been, if we’re being honest, we’ve been a little distracted when it comes to our relationships and links with industry.

The ILP currently has around 120 corporate members, who tell us they greatly value their membership, and whose input into the ILP we really value too. Corporate members get a range of benefits, including a discount on additional member subscriptions.

EXPERTISE But we recognise industry and profession needs to work in partnership if each is fully to benefit from what the other can offer. The ILP can’t continue without support from the industry; similarly, industry needs the expertise and engagement of the profession if it is to thrive, improve and develop.

This is what Premier membership – a brand new category of ILP company membership – is all about. It is about forging and fostering deeper links between our profession and industry to create mutually beneficial relationships.

Corporate members who spend £1,900 to upgrade to Premier membership will be able to access a range of additional benefits.

By combining forces, by bringing together Premier members and the profession, we can better share knowledge, insight and expertise.

Just as valuably, we hope Premier membership will in time be able to work as a platform to generate and fund new research

Lighting Journal October 2015

Premier members will be listed on a new ILP Premier members’ web page, including direct links through to their company website. They will be given the opportunity to present CPD presentations, either nationally or regionally at ILP events. These will be arranged through the central ILP office, meaning a Premier member could feasibly travel around all our seven regions as well as do a national event.

These include being able to display a special Premier member logo on their website and stationery. They will be given the opportunity to gain publicity within Lighting Journal, through an ‘advertorial’ each year.

Each Premier member will also get a voucher worth £500 that they can spend on certain ILP products. They could put it, for example, towards sending someone on the exterior lighting diploma, on attending national events such as our Professional Lighting Summit, and also our jobs’ vacancy service. So there will be a lot of direct benefits to signing up to become a Premier member.

INDUSTRY VOICE But our aspiration is that Premier membership will be much more than that. One of the aims of Premier membership is to give the industry more of a say in the direction of the institution. For example, we’re going to run Premier member forums on education and technical issues each year, to which representatives from each Premier member will be invited to attend.

By combining forces, by bringing together Premier members and the profession, we can better share knowledge, insight and expertise. Just as valuably, we hope Premier membership will in time be able to work as a platform to generate and fund new research.

It’s early days but, longer term, ideas being floated include the possibility of making the lecture for the International Year of Light given in June by ophthalmologist Professor Russell Foster (and see pages 24-27 of this edition for an abridged version) a regular, Premier member-led, occurrence.

Finally, and very importantly, what’s in Premier membership for existing ILP members? My hope is that Premier membership will bring the industry and the profession together more effectively under an independent ILP umbrella, sharing, networking and leading the agenda together.

Another important aspect is that I see Premier membership as a living, evolving scheme. We’re going to hold an annual meeting with Premier members to gauge what’s working and what’s not.

Premier membership is a new departure for us, but an exciting one. It’s going to be really interesting to see how it is received, both within the profession and the industry. I, of course, hope we become victims of our own success and that it really takes off.

NOW AVAILABLE! PLG05 The Brightness of Illuminated Advertisements PLG05 provides guidance for all people involved with exterior illuminated advertisements. The guide replaces the old TR5 and it has been updated to reflect changes in technology, the legal framework and lighting practice. In particular the document now discusses the application of media screens and facades.

PLG05 provides clear guidance on the planning, assessment and maintenance of all forms of illuminated advertisements.

It is a must have document for planners and lighting specialists who work in the area.

YOU CAN PURCHASE PLG05 THROUGH THE FOLLOWING METHODS: • Post the order form below to: Institution of Lighting Professionals, Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby, CV21 2PN • Our website: www.theilp.org.uk/resources • Scan and email the order form below to: diane@theilp.org.uk

ORDER FORM: PLG05

£35 £60 PLEASE FOLLOW THE PURCHASE INSTRUCTIONS AS SHOWN ABOVE.

Name:

Membership no (if applicable):

Billing address (including postcode):

Purchase order no (if applicable): Debit/Credit card payment details

Delivery address (if different from billing):

Card type: Visa / Mastercard Card number: Full name on card:

Quantity: Email address:

Tel no:

Valid from:

Expiry date:

Security number (3 digits on the back):

co-located with

Europe’s biggest annual lighting event...

now r e ist our g e R or y f ass k p .u EE FR ve.co li lux

just got bigger and better!

LuxLive 2015 : • Global market leaders • Ground-breaking kit • Lighting projects insight • Inspiring case studies • Expert speakers 18 - 19 November 2015 | ExCeL London

@Lux_Live for #LuxLive updates

Products

41

What’s new

RS Components Design software tool

Engineering firm RS Components, part of Electrocomponents, has launched a new design software tool, DesignSpark Electrical. The free downloadable design software is being aimed at electrical design engineers and other electrical professionals not already using electrical CAD tools. It is a fully specified electrical CAD package and includes a library comprising more than 250,000 components and parts. Other features include intelligent and specialist electrical design tools, real-time referencing and validity checking to allow the creation of accurate 2D panel layouts. Also built into the software is Bill-of-Materials (BOM) quote functionality, enabling customers to order parts via RS for their designs, both quickly and easily. www.rs-online.com/designspark/automation/designspark-electrical

Occhio

Suspended luminaries Time switching and heating control company Sangamo has unveiled two new Astro timers, or switches that track dusk and dawn automatically.

The Sangamo 72101 (one channel) and 72201 (two channel) Astro time switches work with all modern lamps, including LED and CFL lighting, and are designed to fit on DIN Rail. They use latitude and longitude or the nearest city to give accurate sunrise and sunset times. www.occhio.de

Philips

Lightstrip lighting Philips has developed a new integrated light, the Philips Hue Lightstrip Plus. The high output light combines flexible design with cutting-edge connected lighting technology, the company says, meaning it shaped, bent, cut and extended up to 10m. It is available in shade from white through to cool blue white to warm yellow white as well as coloured light. www.philips.com/global

Lighting Journal October 2015

42

Independent Lighting Design

SEDUCED

BY LIGHT

photography: James Newton

How can we make the magic of lighting design resonate with more young people? Emma Cogswell, IALD UK projects manager, asked two leading designers to look back at what sparked their passion

Harrow School Chapel, Harrow, Middlesex. Lighting design by DPA Lighting Design

W

ith apologies to Kirk Douglas in the film Spartacus, stand up and say it proudly: ‘I AM a lighting designer.’ Of course, if you are reading this magazine then you will know very well who and what a lighting designer is.

You will probably also know that if you sit five lighting designers around a table they will all probably tell you a different story as to how it was they became intoxicated by light to the point they decided to become a specialist in this unique profession.

We therefore spoke to two leading lighting designers and asked them to reflect on what it was that sparked their passion for this enthralling field.

Lighting Journal October 2015

Lee Prince IALD, company director of Light+Design Associates and former winner of Lighting Designer of the Year.

I first become seduced by the world of lighting design whilst training to be an electrical engineer.

The first part of my training contract had ended and I was between courses and managed to secure a temporary position as assistant to a lighting designer for the Royal Ballet at Sadler’s Wells theatre through the Association of British Theatre Technicians.

The ballet were returning from tour and the road crew were setting up for the ‘get in’ at the theatre for the Nutcracker Suite followed by Coppélia, which was in rehearsal.

My job was a runner for the lighting designer and desk operator, which basically meant replacing lamps and gels, aiming fixtures and helping to identify plot numbers.

During the setting up I had chance to sit in the auditorium with a dark stage

and watch the lighting desk operator cue up the show and realise before my very eyes how the stage changed with each scene and how a nuance of adjustment of the SFX made such a difference to the visual effect.

It stirred something in me to think that, whilst electrical engineering is highly skilled and important, much of the work you do is unseen and unnoticed – until it doesn’t work!

However, with lighting any applied creativity shines through immediately and the designer has an opportunity to influence and shape mood and space.

In short its glamour appealed!

At that time public buildings, workspace buildings and public spaces were all lit in a rather pedestrian way to a formulaic set of engineering rules governing light levels and uniformity. These were rules I was very familiar with and I questioned why it had to be this way?

I felt the rules needed bending if not to be broken altogether. I felt there was a need for more theatre to be introduced into everyday lighting to stimulate what were seen as ordinary spaces into something different, special.

When later I was in a more senior position and able to put into practice my thoughts I found it hugely rewarding at the end of a project to look at the difference between a creatively lit space and similar space lit to achieve a set of numbers in an engineering design guide.

Independent Lighting Design

Mary Rushton-Beales IALD and founder of The Lighting Design House.

It seems strange but true – my love for light began with lightbulbs. I started in the lighting industry at Philips Lighting in 1981; on my first day the sales manager told me: ‘Mary, there are 8,000 light sources and we expect you to learn them all by the end of the day!’. Well I bluffed, of course, and tried to act as though I did know it all – I was young enough to be a know-all – but was found out a few times.

Nevertheless I was fascinated by the concept that there were so very many different shapes and light outputs and that – guess what? – there was more than one shade of white light.

I used to call the technical department all the time asking questions about queries I had received from contractors and wholesalers, eager to learn.

Eventually the head of the technical department politely told me to ‘read the manual first’ before picking up the phone.

After this I studied the huge-back chapters of the catalogue and tried to understand and formulate intelligent questions for the technical team before picking up the phone. It didn’t take long for me to be encouraged to take the in-house training courses and to use the knowledge I was fascinated by to increase sales.

My technical skills were honed by passing the LIF basic course in lighting design and to enhance my creative skills by going to see and understand as many creatively lit spaces as possible.

Comparing these visual results with numerical results was my ‘eureka’ moment. I have been privileged to teach interior designers and 3-D designers since 1988, and I always encourage observation and lighting tests and trials as part of the design process.

Mind you, a new starter to the industry today would now be told: ‘There’s 300,000 different light sources – and you need to learn them all by the end of the day.’ Fantastic.

photography: Marcus Schröther

photography: Toshio Kaneko, Lighting Planners Associates Inc

photography: Hisao Suzuki

43

Images from the Certified Lighting Designer certification programme, from top clockwise: Lagares Showroom, Girona, Spain. Lighting design by Artec3 Studio St. Moritz Church, Augsburg, Germany. Lighting design

by Mindseye St. Regis Osaka, Osaka, Japan. Lighting design by Lighting Planners Associates Inc

Fortunately for us, the lighting industry is still finding ways to tempt young people with its superb blend of light, art, science and magic; it continues to transform architecture and enhance the user’s experience.

The IALD, in conversations with all the major lighting associations worldwide, was able earlier this year to launch the Certified Lighting Designer programme.

The Certified Lighting Designer (CLD) certification is the first evidence-based certification in lighting design in the world.

The certification process is designed to assess whether an individual is able to operate as a lead architectural lighting designer in a professional and proficient manner.

Within the first two months, six applicants have already been accepted and currently there are 68 applications pending.

Whilst it is true to say lighting designers of a certain age will have already earnt their stripes, the CLD programme seeks to add reassurance to clients for a future generation, and it galvanises the professional integrity of the designers.

If you want to know more about the Certified Lighting Programme go to www.cld.global

Lighting Journal October 2015

ADVERTISE YOUR BUSINESS IN THE JOURNAL

EMAIL ANDY@MATRIXPRINT.COM

Features for Nov/Dec 2015 Issue Integrated lighting

The smart city agenda is increasingly blurring the lines between interior and exterior integrated lighting. But this is likely to bring with it challenges as well as opportunities.

The shipping news

How innovative lighting so transformed a former sh lutions have ip into ‘smart’ affordable ho ping container using

Lighting on the braind saturation can

How colour, illuminance an vision, but change not just aspects of our and smell, too. hearing, balance, touch, taste

Lighting Consultants

These pages give details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services.

Go to: www.ilp.org.uk for more information and individual expertise

Carl Ackers

Stephen Halliday

Nick Smith

Built Environment Consulting Ltd

WSP

Nick Smith Associates Limited

MSc CEng MCIBSE MILP MSLL

Castle Donington DE74 2UH

EngTech AMILP

Manchester M50 3SP

IEng MILP

Chesterfield, S40 3JR

T: +44 (0) 1332 811711 M: 07867 784906 E: carlackers@bec-consulting.co.uk

T: 0161 886 2532 E: stephen.halliday@wspgroup.com

T: 01246 229444 F: 01246 270465 E: mail@nicksmithassociates.com

With many years’ experience we are able to bring a wealth of knowledge to the design process. Our vision is to deliver class leading sustainable solutions for the built environment, including specialist internal and external lighting design and specification services, record for PFI projects and their indepedent certification.

Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways applications. PFI technical advisor and certifier support, HERS registered personnel.

Specialist exterior lighting consultant. Private and adopted lighting and electrical design for highways, car parks, area and sports lighting.

Lighting Impact assessments, expert witness and CPD accredited Lighting design AutoCAD and Lighting Reality training courses

Steven Biggs

Philip Hawtrey

Anthony Smith

Skanska Infrastructure Services

Mouchel

Stainton Lighting Design Services Ltd

T: +44 (0) 1733 453432 E: steven.biggs@skanska.co.uk

T: 04489 501091 E: philip.hawtrey@mouchel.com

www.bec-consulting.co.uk

IEng MILP

Peterborough PE1 5XG

www.wspgroup.com

BTech IEng MILP MIET

Sutton Coldfield B72 1PH

www.nicksmithassociates.com

Eng FILP

Stockton on Tees TS23 1PX

www.mouchel.com

T: 01642 565533 E: enquiries@staintonlds.co.uk

Widely experienced professional technical consultancy services in exterior lighting and electrical installations, providing sustainable and innovative solutions, environmental assessments, ‘Invest to Save’ strategies, lighting policies, energy procurement, inventory management and technical support. PFI Technical Advisor, Designer and Independent Certifier.

www.staintonlds.co.uk

Award winning professional multi-disciplinary lighting design consultants. Extensive experience in technical design and delivery across all areas of construction, including highways, public realm and architectural projects. Providing energy efficient design and solutions.

Specialist in: Motorway, Highway Schemes, Illumination of Buildings, Major Structures, Public Artworks, Amenity Area Lighting, Public Spaces, Car Parks, Sports Lighting, Asset Management, Reports, Plans, Assistance, Maintenance Management, Electrical Design and Communication Network Design.

John Conquest

Allan Howard

Alan Tulla

4way Consulting Ltd

WSP

Alan Tulla Lighting

www.skanska.co.uk

MA BEng(Hons) CEng MIET MILP Stockport, SK4 1AS

T: 0161 480 9847 M: 07526 419248 E: john.conquest@4wayconsulting.com

BEng(Hons) CEng FILP FSLL London WC2A 1AF

T: 07827 306483 E: allan.howard@wspgroup.com

www.wspgroup.com

IEng FILP FSLL

Winchester, SO22 4DS

T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: alan@alantullalighting.com

Providing exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialising in the urban and inter-urban environment. Our services span the complete Project Life Cycle for both the Public and Private Sector

Professional artificial and daylight lighting services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice and analysis to develop and implement energy and carbon reduction strategies.

Expert witness regarding obtrusive lighting, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations.

Lorraine Calcott

Alan Jaques

Euan Clayton

it does lighting ltd

Atkins

Clayton Fourie Consultancy Ltd

www.4wayconsulting.com

IEng MILP MSLL MIoD

Milton Keynes, MK14 6GD

IEng MILP

Nottingham, NG9 2HF

www.alantullalighting.com Site surveys of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Visual Impact Assessments for planning applications. Specialises in problem solving and out-of-the-ordinary projects.

IEng MILP

Edinburgh, EH15 3RT

T: 07722 111424 E: claytonfourie@aol.com

www.itdoes.co.uk

T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 E: alan.jaques@atkinsglobal.com

www.atkinsglobal.com

Award winning lighting design practice specialising in interior, exterior, flood and architectural lighting with an emphasis on section 278/38, town centre regeneration and mitigation for ecology issues within SSSI’s/SCNI’s.Experts for the European Commission and specialists in circadian lighting

Professional consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Internationally experienced multi-disciplinary consultants. We provide design and technical advice on all aspects of exterior lighting, hazardous area lighting, traffic signals and other highway electrical works.We also provide Planning Advice, Road Safety Audits and Expert Witness Services

Mark Chandler

Tony Price

Simon Butt

MMA Lighting Consultancy Ltd

Vanguardia Consulting

Capita

T: 01908 698869 E: Information@itdoes.co.uk

EngTech AMILP

Reading RG10 9QN

BSc (Hons) CEng MILP MSLL Oxted RH8 9EE

www.clayton-fourie-consultancy.com

BEng(Hons) CEng, MICE, MILP, MAPM Blackburn, BB2 1AU

T: 0118 3215636 E: mark@mma-consultancy.co.uk

T: +44(0) 1883 718690 E:tony.price@vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk

Exterior lighting consultant’s who specialise in all aspects of street lighting design, section 38’s, section 278’s, project management and maintenance assistance. We also undertake lighting appraisals and environmental lighting studies

Chartered engineer with wide experience in exterior and public realm lighting. All types and scales of project, including transport, tunnels, property development (both commercial and residential) and sports facilities. Particular expertise in planning advice, environmental impact assessment and expert witness.

Capita are a market leading design consultant, who specialise in street lighting design, LED retrofit schemes and project management. We also provide budget reducing solutions through technical expertise in products, specifications and procurement. We offer energy reduction advice, funding mechanisms and financial evaluations.

Colin Fish

Alistair Scott

Simon Bushell

WSP

Designs for Lighting Ltd

SSE Enterprise Lighting

www.mma-consultancy.co.uk

IEng MILP

Hertford SG13 7NN

www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk

BSc (Hons) CEng FILP MIMechE

T: 01254 273000 E: simon.butt@capita.co.uk

www.capita.co.uk/infrastructure

MBA DMS IEng MILP

T: 07825 843524 E: colin.fish@wspgroup.com

T: 01962 855080 M: 07790 022414 E: alistair@designsforlighting.co.uk

Portsmouth PO6 1UJ T: +44 (0)2392276403 M: 07584 313990 E: simon.bushell@ssecontracting.com

Providing design and technical services for all applications of exterior and interior lighting from architectural to sports, rail, area, highways and associated infrastructure. Expert surveys and environmental impact assessments regarding the effect of lighting installations on wildlife and the community.

Professional lighting design consultancy offering technical advice, design and management services for exterior/interior applications for highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Professional consultancy from the largest external lighting contractor maintaining 1.5m lights in the UK and Ireland. Exterior lighting/electrical design for Motorways, Highways, Architectural, Car Parks, Public Spaces and Sports lighting. From advice on carbon reduction strategies to delivering the whole installation package.

www.wspgroup.com

Winchester SO23 7TA

www.designsforlighting.co.uk

www.sseenterprise.co.uk

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing.

LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING

DIRECTORY EXTERIOR LIGHTING TO RESERVE A PLACE ON THE WAITING LIST FOR THE LIGHTING DIRECTORY PLEASE CONTACT:

Kiwa CMT Testing

BEI Lighting is the UK’s largest street and exterior lighting specialist distributor offering the following solutions :

JULIE –01536 527297 JULIE@MATRIXPRINT.COM

- Columns - Brackets manufactured on site to your specification - Painting to any RAL Colour - Lanterns & Luminaires - Feeder Pillars - Full range of installation accessories

BEI Lighting Brackla Industrial Estate, Bridgend

FESTIVE & DECORATIVE LIGHTING

CF31 2AN Tel : 01656 645414 Fax: 01656 669231 Email: sales@beilighting.com Web : www.beilighting.com

Specialist in high quality decorative and festive lighting.

A full range of equipment is available for direct purchase or hire including unique firework lights, column motifs, cross road displays, festoon lighting and various tree lighting systems.

Our services range from supply only of materials, hire, design and or total management of schemes.

More information is available from: Head Office City Illuminations Ltd Griffin House, Ledson Road, Roundthorn Ind Est Manchester M23 9GP Tel: 0161 969 5767 Fax: 0161 945 8697 Email: dave@cityilluminations.co.uk

COLUMN INSPECTION & TESTING

Designers and manufacturers of street and amenity lighting.

319 Long Acre Nechells Birmingham UK B7 5JT t: +44(0)121 678 6700 f: +44(0)121 678 6701 e: sales@candela.co.uk

candela L I G H T

ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

MACLEAN ELECTRICAL LIGHTING DIVISION Business info: Specialist Stockist and Distributors of Road Lighting, Hazardous Area, Industrial/ Commercial/ Decorative lighting. We also provide custom-built distribution panels, interior and exterior lighting design using CAD. 7 Drum Mains Park, Orchardton, Cumbernauld, G68 9LD Tel: 01236 458000 Fax: 01236 860555 email: steve.odonnell@maclean.co.uk Web site: www.maclean.co.uk

Non-destructive testing at the root, base, swaged joint and full visual inspection of steel lighting columns.

Techniques employed include the unique Relative Loss of Section meter and Swaged Joint Analyser in addition to the traditional Magnetic Particle inspection and Ultra Sonics where appropriate.

Unit 5 Prime Park Way Prime Enterprise Park Derby DE1 3QB Tel 01332 383333 Fax 01332 602607 cmtenquiries@kiwa.co.uk www.kiwa.co.uk

METER ADMINISTRATION

WIND RELEASING BANNERS

CUT OUTS & ISOLATORS

European distributors of StormSpill®, only system specified by: • London 2012 Olympic Games

Meter Administrator Power Data Associates Ltd are the leading meter administrator in Great Britain. We achieve accurate energy calculations assuring you of a cost effective quality service. Offering independent consultancy advice to ensure correct inventory coding, unmetered energy forecasting and impact of market developments.

01525 862690

info@PowerDataAssociates.com

www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds MK45 4HR

LIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD Suppliers of a wide range of quality

Meadowfield, Ponteland, Northumberland, NE20 9SD, England Tel: +44 (0)1661 860001 Fax: +44 (0)1661 860002 Email: info@tofco.co.uk www.tofco.co.uk

• Glasgow 2014 Commonwealths

Contact: Kevin Doherty Commercial Director kevindoherty@tofco.co.uk If you would like to switch to Tofco Technology contact us NOW!

Tel: 07900 571022 E-mail: enquiries@ hagnerlightmeters.com www.hagnerlightmeters.com

Patented Raised Lamppost Banner System that significantly reduces loading on columns and prevents banners twisting and tearing.

Column testing and guarantee service available.

Nick Smith Associates Ltd 36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR t: 01246 229 444 f: 01246 270 465 e : mail@nicksmithassociates.com w: www.nicksmithassociates.com

COLUMNS

0208 343 2525 baymedia.co.uk

SHATTER RESISTANT LAMP COVERS

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC

Havant, PO9 9BT

• AutoCAD (basic or advanced) • Lighting Reality • AutoluxLighting Standards • Lighting Design Techniques • Light Pollution • Tailored Courses please ring

Contact Nick Smith

The most approved system by Highways Engineers

equipment.

PO Box 210

CPD Accredited Training

Venues by arrangement

Manufacturers and Suppliers of Street lighting and Traffic Equipment • Fuse Units • Switch Fuse Units • Feeder Pillars and Distribution Panels • The Load Conditioner Unit (Patent Pending) • Accessories

light measuring and photometric

INSTRUMENTS LTD

TRAINING SERVICES

Fluorosafe shatter resistant covers – Manufactured from high molecular weight Fluoroplastic material whose lifespan exceeds all maximum quoted lifespans for any fluorescent Lamps.

Holscot supply complete covered lamps or sleeves only for self fitting.

Holscot Fluoroplastics Ltd Alma Park Road, Alma Park Industrial Estate, Grantham, Lincs, NG31 9SE Contact: Martin Daff, Sales Director Tel: 01476 574771 Fax: 01476 563542 Email: martin@holscot.com www.holscot.com

LIGHTING

fresh thinking trusted technology

- Direct LED retrofit lamps - LED gear tray retrofits - Induction Lighting

0203 051 1687 www.indolighting.com

DIARY 1

21

11

Night of Heritage Light (SLL IYL event) One night when a series of UK Unesco World Heritage Sites will be specially illuminated www.sll-nhl.org

Second Jonathan Speirs Memorial Lecture, to be given by lighting designer Carrie DonahueBremner of Speirs + Major and architect, Neil Gillespie of Reich and Hall on Maggie’s Cancer Caring Centre, Lanarkshire.

Venue: Trades Hall, 85 Glassford Street, Merchant City, Glasgow www.theilp.org.uk/events or email sll@cibse.org

British Standard for Lighting BS5489, CPD seminar Venue, ILP, Regent House, Rugby www.theilp.org.uk/events

October

6

October An Evening of Inspiration and Light II, with Wolfgang Buttress Venue: Building Design Partnership, 16 Brewhouse Yard, London www.theilp.org.uk/events

October

27

October

IALD Enlighten Americas 2015 Location: Baltimore, MD www.iald.org/events/global-event-calendar.aspx

How to be Brilliant with: James Newton, James Newton Photographs The why, where and when of photographing lighting (Organised by the ILP) Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

15

27-30

Practical Street Lighting (Organised by the ILP) Venue: Regent House, Rugby jo@theilp.org.uk

Hong Kong International Lighting Fair Venue: Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre www.hktdc.com

16-17

28-31

LewesLight, Festival of Light, Lewes www.leweslight.uk

PLDC 2015 (Supported by the ILP as Official Knowledge Partner) Venue: Ergife Palace Hotel, Rome www.pld-c.com

8-10

October

October

October

19-23 October

Exterior Lighting Diploma Module 1 (Organised by the ILP) Venue: Draycote Hotel, Nr Rugby jean@theilp.org.uk

Full details of all regional events can be found at: www.theilp.org.uk/events

October

October

2

November

November

12

November Presentation on new Forth Bridge Replacement Crossing, by chartered structural engineer Oliver Riches ILP NE region www.theilp.org.uk/events

12-15

November Lumiere Durham Festival of Light www.lumiere-festival.com/durham-2015/

18-19

November LuxLive 2015 (Supported by the ILP) Venue: ExCel, London E16 www.luxlive.co.uk

19

November Lux Awards 2015 Venue: Troxy, Commercial Road, London E1 www.luxawards.co.uk

24

November How to be Brilliant with: Tim Downey, StudioFRACTAL (Organised by the ILP) Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

Obtrusive Light – navigating the compliance minefield (Supported by the ILP) Venue: BRE, Bucknalls Lane, Watford, www.theilp.org.uk/events

21 October: Second Jonathan Speirs Memorial Lecture – on Maggie’s Cancer Centre, Lanarkshire, shortlisted for the RIBA Stirling Prize

LED for everyone Aura Light EASY S election

fresh thinking trusted technology

NEW: INDO Air

Unbeatable performance for £99 The UK’s first LED street light using Direct Drive® technology Innovative driverless technology delivers superior reliability Single piece casting eliminates a host of maintenance issues Super lightweight and easy to install weighing just 2.7kg LED efficacy 145 lumens/watt Post top / Side entry CMS compatible

For photometry or to get your hands on a sample: info@indolighting.com | 0203 0511687 | indolighting.com