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2010-2011 Academic and Practice Portfolio
Boston Architectural College
MATTHEW SCHEXNYDER M.ARCH
Curriculum Vitae CONTACT Matthew Schexnyder 31 Linden Place, Apt 5. Brookline, MA 02445 http://sub-fields.tumblr.com/
EDUCATION Boston Architectural College • Currently enrolled in Master of Architecture program University of Oklahoma • Human Relations, Continuing Education Program United States Air Force Academy • Bachelor of Science Degree, Human Factors Engineering
January 2008 - Present July 2005 - July 2006 May 1992 - May 1996
EMPLOYMENT Menders, Torrey and Spencer, Inc., Intern Architect Boston Architectural College, Teaching Assistant, Architectural History Miller, Dyer, Spears Architects, Revit/AutoCad Drafter Boston Architectural College, Summer Academy Design Studio Leader Air Logistics Alaska, Commercial Helicopter Pilot Heli USA, Commercial Helicopter Pilot US Air Force, Officer, Pilot, Teaching Assistant, Human Factors Engineering
September 2009 – Present September 2009 – December 2009 May 2008 – September 2008 June 2008 – August 2008 March 2007 – September 2007 September 2006 – March 2007 May 1996 – July 2006
SKILLS Design and Graphic Proficiency • Freehand drawing, orthogonal and technical perspective drafting • Abode Creative Suite, Revit, AutoCad, Rhinoceros 4.0, SketchUp and other visualization software • Scale model-making and computer generated model design and rendering • On-site existing conditions surveying and documentation through construction administration • Sustainable/Green design principles and LEED certification document preparation • LEED® Green Associate Work Experience • Conducted on-site surveys and existing conditions documentation for residential and commercial projects • Conducted critical envelope assessments and rehabilitation recommendations to include details/cost estimates • Construction documentation, LEED document preparation, interior views rendering (Revit/SketchUp/Rhino) • Design studio teacher, Boston Architectural College Summer Academy; 10-15 students, ages 13-18 • Helicopter Flight and Groundschool Instructor, US Air Force,1996-2006 • Teaching assistant for undergraduate behavioral sciences laboratory, US Air Force Academy, 1996-1997 Organizational/Leadership Skills • Architectural designer responsible for construction documents and administration; work with supervisors, building managers, general contractors, and consultants on-site to meet project requirements and deadlines • Led field operations flight team in remote Alaskan location in support of geological surveys and oil exploration • Managed 10 million dollar annual training budget for US Air Force Combat Rescue Group, Keflavik, Iceland • Commanded and communicated effectively with multinational, United Nations coalition members during multiple humanitarian relief campaigns worldwide • 10 years as US Air Force officer and pilot, led overseas deployments involving more than 100 airmen; responsible for all aspects of flight training, ground training, and helicopter combat rescue squadron flight operations
ADDITIONAL INTERESTS
• • •
Carpentry projects, small-scale remodeling, furniture design; interest in sustainable design and conservation Travel and cultural studies: Russia, Turkey, Kuwait, Afghanistan, Sierra Leone, Mozambique, South Africa, Liberia, Eastern Europe, Morocco, Thailand, New Zealand, Iceland among others. Climbing, mountaineering, and trail running
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Contents
i
Curriculum Vitae
5
Introduction to Academic Work
7
Building Stimulus C1 Studio, Spring 2010
27
Fitness, Part I C2 Studio, Fall 2010
37
Fitness, Part II C2 Studio, Fall 2010
55
Informative Platform(s), Part I C3 Studio, Spring 2011
69
Informative Platform(s), Part II C3 Studio, Spring 2011
93
Bulfinch Triangle Shopping Center Programming & Codes, Spring 2010
105
Critical Regionalism Ideas & Design, Fall 2010
111
Community Library Structures III & Detailing, Spring 2011
119
Introduction to Practice
121
Brewster Meeting House
125
First Parish Church
130
Tremont Nail Factory
133
Fairbanks & Perry Goldsmiths
141
Peabody Institute Library
146
Brookline Banks, Burlington & Wellesley
153
Richards Building
158
Herrera Residence
165
Brookline Bank, Arlington
170
MIT Proposal
173
Brookline Bank, Medford
Introduction to Academic Work
Every studio and every course is an opportunity to explore; not only architectural concepts and conventions, but new forms of representation, new ways of information gathering and synthesizing that information, and new ways of looking for solutions to critical issues in our built environments. The beauty of architecture in general, and intellectual curiosity, in particular, is that is affords the opportunity to test an idea within a field of dynamic, contemporary forces. The projects presented here range in scale from a regional infrastructure to a community sports club. Conceptually, the projects deal with issues as diverse as water-management and information delivery. In all cases, the projects begin by taking a critical (not negative, but engaged) view of some aspect of the problem. That might be an historical, environmental, or social perspective. Only by taking such a point of view can a designer begin to articulate the problem and begin to investigate possible solutions. There are two underlying themes within the projects presented here: 1) defining and solving a particular problem and 2) exploring methods of gathering, representing and modeling data to articulate the problem’s definition and support its solution. Of the three C-level studios presented here, one explores regional issues of fragmented habitats and wetland degradation and proposes a phased regional infrastructure to address those inefficiencies. The second defines health and fitness as a lifelong activity and proposes a sports club to make that a public experience. The final studio admits that the library as we know must change and offers an alternative public space for the distribution of media. With these projects (as well as non-studio courses), I have tried to gather and visualize relevant information to support these arguments. GIS data, demographic data, site observation and documentation, digital modeling of environmental factors, research, interviews—all of this information helps define the problem and support the solution. Methods of representing this data range from diagrams, to details and physical modelling, to parametric digital models which animate the characteristics and performance of building structure under realistic design loads. This portfolio even includes examples of narrative short stories as means of exploring spatial and programmatic relationships. Every project is an opportunity to explore—the strength of an idea.
5
CONNECT/COLLECT
7
CONNECT/COLLECT Building Stimulus: Design Strategies for Recovery and Reinvestment C-1 Studio, Spring 2010 Instructors: Takuma Ono & Darina Zlateva Duration: 16 weeks
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (and the global economic meltdown which instigated that legislation) highlighted the decline and inefficiencies of our national infrastructure systems. This studio situates architecture within the challenge of our era: reinventing infrastructure to improve efficiency within our urban and rural domains. This studio asked for projective, speculative, and pragmatic solutions to any range of political, social, or environmental problems inherent in our current infrastructures. Using the Building Stimulus as a point of departure, the object was to propose a new system which might address some of these issues not only for today, but for a future in 2020. The brief for this studio was to take a regional scale approach to specific site context. A vast beach-side parking lot in Revere Beach, Massachusetts was selected as the site. Located near Wonderland MBTA stop, this site offers an opportunity to consider site-specific conditions within larger regional networks. The studio was divided into three parts: Urban Ecology, Architectural Ecology, and Synthesis. Part I, Urban Ecology, entailed a critical analysis of ecological systems at the scale of landscape and infrastructure, including man-made and natural systems. Part II, Architectural
Ecology, explored adjacencies and program as they relate to a master phasing plan. Part III, Synthesis, required a merger of these specific regional and site-scale issues into a prototype development to meet current and future needs. My response to these issues focused on the fragmented nature of our regional habitats. Beginning with a regional analysis of core and critical habitats, I propose that there is a need to increase the interaction between isolated natural and semi-natural zones, much like the ecological concept of ecotones. The site is then a case study in which I propose how an infrastructure might form a network for these interactions. At the site-scale, the infrastructure can address specific issues such as brown-field remediation, commercial development, or as in this case, water run-off management. I have proposed the architectural element of the “path” as both a physical infrastructure for water management and a unifying element for a regional system. Much of the studio work concentrates on how this path adapts and accommodates water-management challenges on-site. Additionally, I have explored the architectural element of the “kiosk” which can be used within the proposed system for shelter and other programmatic needs. Although I have not explored them here, other program elements such as housing, mass-transit, and retail, to name a few, could be incorporated in future proposals.
Manipulating the Ecotone Core and critical habitats (depicted above) are separated by vast extends of urban development. This limits the capacity of these fragmented landscapes to support the diversity of species that they might if they were composed in a larger network. By manipulating the ecotone, or border regions, of these landscapes (core, critical, developed) it is possible to increase the interaction and migration of plant and animal species.
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ecotone 0
minimun border exposure, limited species interaction
ecotone 1
increased border exposure, greater species interaction
ecotone 2
overlapping border exposure, habitat pockets allow species interaction
Fragmented Habitats Coastal saltmarshes such as the Rumney Marshes (Revere, MA) and the Bell Isle Marsh (Winthrop, MA) support hundreds of flora and fauna species, dozens of which are endangered or protected. These isolated fragments of habitat are remnants of what at one time characterized the entire Massachusetts Bay region. A new connecting infrastructure between these isolated landscapes could reestablish important links for the migration of plants, animals, and people.
rumney marsh
spike grass marsh aster sea lavender marsh orach black grass
snowy egret great blue heron tern glossy ibis bufflehead black duck plover
alewife blueback herring smelt bass
ribbed mussel soft-shell crab razor crab
raccoon red fox muskrat meadow vole
proposed site
species supported exclusively by state core habitats & wetlands individual animal species
individual plant species
Massachusetts has 47 rare wetlanddependent species, such as the bald eagle, the Plymouth red-bellied turtle, and the piping plover. Of these rare species, 28 are animals and 19 are plants.
belle isle marsh
salt hay grass native reed glasswort cordgrass saltmeadow narrowleaf cattail
least tern plover snowy owl sandpiper goose
alewife blueback herring smelt bass
ribbed mussel soft-shell crab razor crab
raccoon opssum field mouse coyote snake red-bellied turtle
boston logan
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Habitat Connectivity Infrastructure Habitat can be linked by large features such as river corridors, woodland and other substantial tracts of semi-natural habitat. These features should be connected to one another by preserving existing links or creating additional linkages in the landscape. Smaller features such as hedgerows, streams and treelines that are identified at the habitat-scale can form additional linkages.
CORE HABITAT ACECs
T T Infrastructure supported corridors can link isolated cores, support and wetland zones into large-scale systems for habitat, water management, and human-use. These corridors can be designed to utilize existing natural and man-made features. Existing transportation infrastructure can link this network to the greater metro area in two key places OAK GROVE and WONDERLAND. These nodes can then become entry points for recreation and natural systems education.
Distribution of Fragmented Habitats Habitat in the vicinity of urban development is characterized by fragmentation as opposed to connectivity. Core, support, and wetland habitats are confined to patches and corridors, frequently the remnants of the previous rural landscapes or new habitats that have been created or evolved within the urban matrix.
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Site Ecotones
Site Program|Components
program
path
program
program
Shifting linear program components across the site increases the area of interaction between zones and mimics the function of habitat ecotones.
regional path 1/2 mile of path connects site to regional pedestrian system/ path surface and subsurface acts as water collector
eastern county drainage 1/2 mile drainage connects eastern revere to rumney marsh wetlands/ the drainage collects runoff for +50 acres of urban landscape constructed wetlands
program mbta connects the site to the boston metro area/ hotel, retail, and new residential program collects users at system hub
pervious groundcover residential
office
landscape design connects habitats and increases ecotone overlap/ pervious groundcover and slope manipulated to collect water resources
streets & parking hotel & retail services
shared hardsurfaces connect traditional vehicle access with program and path/ were possible, these elements are integrated into water collection systems
mbta
A Node in a Regional System The Revere site is presented as a prototype node in a regional system. In this system, diverse habitats and programs are linked via the connector path which threads through various boundary edges and ecotones. This image shows the path leading from a managed wetlands to (through) proposed housing.
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Site Plan The site is segmented to allow for microhabitats which mimic the larger regional-scale diversity. The path allows users to experience and understand those transitions while being linked to neighboring areas through a new regional infrastructure. The symbols (at right) indicate how the path changes to adapt to different programatic conditions.
Pier foundation (wetlands)
Shelter/roof deck
Bridge
Garage
Stormwater retention tank
Gray-water storage tank
I
I
II
II
III
III
0’
12
50´
100’
200´ N
Site Sections As an infrastructure, the path adapts to and facilitates various site conditions: from site drainage and water retention to parking and shelter.
Section I | Community Access Bridge swale/path system
existing residential
drainage and path
planted slope
street/landscape drainage
street
beach
Section II | Event Plaza/Garage
lower event/path
residential swale
new residential/swale
path
event plaza/garage
event/garage
street
beach
Section III | Garage/Hotel/Kiosks
retail/mbta parking
street
hotel/mbta
kiosks/services
street
kiosks
13
Typical Land-use and Run-off As an infrastructure scale project, the site strategy focuses on integrating new landscape design and path services with existing infrastructure to improve performance and sustainability. The sections (bottom of page) across the site show how the shifted landscape features control site drainage. In fact, careful consideration is given to the process of water run-off, drainage, and collection from the street down to the management system (see details on following pages) and finally out to the local wetlands. The diagrams below show how the designed groundcover mitigates run-off as compared to the existing site, which is mostly paved. Impervious surface cover (75%-100% in dense urban areas) is linked to regional surface water-quality and aquifer replenishment as well as infrastructure waste water issues. Core habitat and wetlands help manage stormwater run-off but are also subjected to the negative effects of run-off from adjacent large, impervious surface cover. The goal on-site is to transform an urban site so that, in terms of run-off, it performs more like rural groundcover.
Site Plan
a
evapotranspiration & infiltration run-off b
forests and wetlands
a
c
b
d
streets, rural areas
c e d
commercial sites e
urban development
Run-off Rate Comparison: Groundcover vs. Pavement section
groundcover
slope (%)
10% 13%
0%
2%
run-off flow rate
11%
5
a-a
cfm
20
pavement
12%
0%
2%
6%
3
b-b
16 6%
0%
1%
c-c
3
6%
5%
d-d
0%
1%
5%
12 6%
6 12
e-e
3%
7%
0%
2%
6%
4 12
woodland evergreen (.08n)
dense riparian (.03n)
constructed wetland (.02n)
woodland deciduous (.11n)
short native grasses (.025n)
sand dune (.02n)
paved surface (.01n)
Path as Collector/Connector The path branches at strategic locations to collect users. The scale and use of the path at these points of access vary based on specific program. The images (this page) depict a wide bridge connection from the community at the north-west end of the site. These images also show the segmented landscape which facilitates micro-diversity and site drainage.
15
Architecture as Infrastructure The path itself is the main architectural feature of the regional strategy. Given such a prominent role, it is clear that there is an opportunity for the path to be something more than just a surface to travel on. The path plays a double role: 1) it connects people and places on-site and on a regional scale and 2) it collects a valuable resource, water, for a variety of functions. These functions range from run-off detention to on-site storage and treament. The details and diagrams (this spread) show the functional relationship between the landscape, the path, and the wetlands swale which drains the entire site (and much of the north half of Revere). One function for on-site water retention is grey water collection and re-distribution. For the proposed residential program, the path and swale collect stormwater as a resource for use in the buildings’ grey water systems. Grey water can be used to save 5-36% of clean water consumption per household. The typical American family uses as much as 400 gallons of freshwater per day. Grey water can be used for lawn irrigation and toilets. Installing a grey water system for the entire residential project reduces the system installation cost per resident, making it an affordable and sustainable feature.
Site Drainage
storm drain from street catchbasin
street drainage catchbasin
concrete drain pad
drain to municpal infrastructure concrete sidewalk
erosion prevention geotextile
landscape drains to path retention tank/swale
street drains to landscape
Swale/Path Water Retention System swale drain to wetlands 24”x24” porous concrete pavers 6”-8” non- compacted soil mix 5 mm permeable geotextile
to residential grey water distribution
Stormwater Retention at Proposed Residential 24”x24” porous concrete pavers non-compacted soil mix 5mm permeable geotextile w/planting grid retention cell 6”-8” compacted gravel
overflow drain to wetlands drain footing
16
catchbasin/maintenance
hardwood deck
retaining wall with surface drain
steel frame
overflow drains
seating
maintenace sump
surface flow collected from landscape
structural, cellular retention tank (9000 US Gal)
storm level normal level
12� dia. concrete pier sump drain to grey water reuse
overflow drain to wetlands wetlands swale
plumbing to building greywater pump
plumbing from path retention cell
17
Swale and Path System Dual functionality is integrated into the path as a transport and drainage infrastructure.
native wetlands vegetation swale drains to wetlands porous basin on geotextile fabric allows plant growth retention tank supplies residential grey water
upslope vegetaion filters run-off water prior to collection
hardwood deck
local drainage to wetlands 2’x2’ porous concrete pavers
steel frame
6”-8” non-compacted gravel
5mm permeable geotextile
structural cellular water retention grid
overflow drain to swale
catch basin/ maintenence access
6”-8” compacted gravel
grey water distribution to residential
12” concrete pier
18
Event Plaza/Garage The section at the event plaza (top) and covered garage (bottom) show the relationship between the path and site parking which is covered by a functional program element. The garage roof serves as a collector of rainwater and human activity. The intended program for the event plaza is outdoor concerts and community activities. The plaza is another form of topography that invites exploration and serves as a large surface area for water collection. The path surface sits on a concrete/metal deck which acts to deliver rain water to the path collector below the lower event plaza deck.
Lower Event Plaza
2’ steel drain cover
parking garage roof & event plaza
non-compacted gravel overflow drain to wetlands
storm level normal level
to proposed residential grey water distribution
Upper Event Plaza/Garage
sufrace drains to path lighting in handrail concrete on metal deck steel frame street drains to surface landscape
landscaped slope beyond surface drain from street concrete retaining wall 12� dia. concrete pier concrete retaining wall
19
Kiosks The service kiosk is the architectural element that will be repeated at each proposed hub in the new network. The kiosk will be the recognizable symbol to users that they have encountered an important node along the path. Each hub can offer services tailored for the site program. Here, the kiosks offer a variety of beach services as well as services oriented to exploring the path and its destinations, such as a bike rental as proposed here.
path information kayak and gear rental retail electric bicycle rental cafe retail public showers/lockers
traversable roof
finished floor 18� below path surface allows seating
roof appears to peal away from path surface
glazed facade on tracks for natural ventilation
open plan for program flexibility
20
Above: A key element of the path program (which fosters greater access to the Revere site via the path network) is the electric bicycle rental program. A kiosk at each hub will rent electric bicycles which can be returned to any kiosk along the route. This allows one-way rather than round-trip journies on the path. The electric bicycle will allow users to travel greater distances along the path network, turning it into a legitimate alternative mobility network. Right: The kiosk courtyard is the main collection point for the entire strategy.
21
Concept and Detail Conceptually, the kiosk is a section of the path lifted to form shelter (right). The kiosks hold program and serve as large water collectors. The sloped entry ramp (each kiosk is depressed 18� below path grade) is ideal for channelling water into two retention cells each having a 10,000 gallon capacity. The kiosks’ proximity to the hotel and MBTA allow water storage for treatment and subsequent use in the larger site facilities. Ideally, the hotel and MBTA complex would be capable to treat large quantities on grey water onsite for use in mechanical and plumbing systems.
path
shelter
lift
catchbasin hardwood deck
hotel storage/treatment tanks deck mounted on concrete tank maintenance sump
storm level normal level
storm level
to hotel/mbta storage and treatment
normal level
The kiosk courtyard is the one portion of the path that refuses linearity. Like the embedded ecotones, the kiosks interrupt the linear flow of traffic and generate unprescribed circulation patterns and interactions.
22
lighting in handrail concrete/ metal deck on steel frame entry 18’ below path grade
2 x 10,000 u.s. gallon water retention cells
23
phase 1 | 2010
hubs
Ideal hubs offer three specific criteria: adjacency to core/ support habitats, access to public transport and specific program needs. The four proposed hubs (below) meet all of these criteria. The distinct habitats of each of these hubs can be linked by the proposed path system which includes
biodiversity lanes. For human use, the connection of these hubs via path offers an alternative pedestrian link between neighborhoods that currently does not exist. Phase 1 sets the site program and connects the site to adjacencies via the path-habitat system.
oak grove development
wonderland run-off management
wellington brownfield site
suffolk downs water contaminants
phase 3 | 2020
connect
The overall goal of this regional strategy is to connect fragmented habitats to provide lanes for species migration and human use. Phase 3 connects the identified hubs to complete an alternative and reparative network. Where possible, brownfields adjacent to the hubs are regenerated.
residential
public transit
residential
public transit
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public transit
public transit
phase 2 | 2015
paths
Phase 2 includes the extension of the paths into adjacent core and support habitats maintaining a light ecological footprint. The goal in this phase is to create access to habitat and green space for the purposes of awareness, education, and recreation.
fells reservation rumney marsh
forest habitat
wetlands habitat
mystic river reservation
river habitat
belle isle
estuary habitat
phase 4 | 2030
collect
Once the regional hubs are connected by the path and its associated landscape interventions, the path iself can begin to branch out into the urban fabric and core/support habitats alike. The path becomes a collector of human users, fauna, flora, and previously disintegrated habitats.
Regional Plan
hikers
wildlife
students
commuters
This project is proposed as a prototype for a larger regional scheme to connect isolated zones with a new type of infrastructure. The phasing plan here envisions an expanding network which connects habitats and hubs and collects a wide range of human users, fauna, and flora.
athletes
25
series gymnasia
27
SERIES GYMNASIA Fitness, Commodity, and Delight! Part I C-2 Studio, Fall 2011 Instructors: Thaddeus Jusczyk & Mary Hale Duration: 4 weeks
The sports club today, as throughout history, has been an unusual focal point for community gathering, fitnessobsessing, and self-improvement. As it exists today, it is a refinement of natural activity into very specific and nuanced movement. There is also the integral component of social interaction. Because of these unique characteristics, the sports club has architectural potential. How can architecture harness this confluence of activity and environment? In this studio, students were asked to design a sports club and consider the experience of the patron(s) as a narrative. Part I of this studio acted as a prelude to the larger exercise of considering a sports club in an urban context. Part I focused specifically on one muscle group, assigned to each student in the studio. Students were asked to first design a single room, 15’ x 15’ x 15’. The challenge was to use the architecture to train the muscle, as opposed to relying on an apparatus as we have become accustomed to in today’s gyms.
I was assigned the gastrocnemius, or calf, muscle. Critical to the very basic human activity of walking, I considered how one might exercise the calf muscle within the proposed “room”. Conceptually, walking (or any sport) can be distilled into two components: the activity itself and the field on which it is acted. Walking may have began as a survival activity, associated with hunting or journeys, but today it has been domesticated—we have machines to walk on. Like wise, the terrain on which we walk has gone from wilderness to impressions of wilderness—we can buy textured mats to “walk” on for exercise. Between these extremes (where we want to design I presume) is the road, particularly the cobblestone road. The uneven surface of the stone road is neither completely wild nor domestic and it is a perfect field for strengthening the calfs. My “room” is a room with a road. In response to the second assignment to combine several rooms, I considered the resulting building as a road which leads to a destination. Thus, the design evolved into a meandering linear path. To this approach, I added outdoor spaces to accentuate the notion of travel and create additional “rooms” out of outdoor space.
field
action
After designing a single “room” and sharing those designs with the studio, students were asked to select three rooms designed by other students. Using the other students’ work as inspiration, the final assignment for Part I was to combine these fitness rooms into a sequence. This allowed
an opportunity to think of the architecture as it might fit into or shape an athletic routine.
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wild
domestic
The Action and the Field Exercise and the places we chose to exercise have been domesticated (diagram, left). A “road� of cobblestones is an intermediary between the wild and the domestic. Sketches (this page) explore how an inclined stone road and its allusions to terrain can become a field for exercise. Specifically for exercising the calf, this stone field is designed to center the patron’s weight on the ball of the foot, raising the heel and contracting the calf.
29
Plan
a
a
Section a-a
30
A Road in a Room Within the 15’ x 15’ x 15’ room, the inclined stone path is divided by interior walls. In addition to differentiating the interior space, the walls are perforated with sculpted apertures. Aligned just above the average person’s line of sight, the apertures encourage the patron to stand on his toes, just to peak through. The framed views are figurative vistas along the path. Not incidentally, this same action of raising the heels also exercises the calf muscles. A small section model (left) shows how this inclined path winds through the room, climbing from grade to a humanheight window at 5’ above grade. The reveal at the lower section of the interior walls is for recessed lighting to light the highly-textured stone floor.
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Rooms in Series Building on themes explored in my single room proposal, my exploration of a series of exercise rooms sought to further emphasize potential linear experiences. I felt that the notion of exercise as form of journey was conceptually strong, so I looked for ways to align the proposal of my fellow students into a coherent program. Among their proposals, I chose the heart, the trapezius, and the gluteus muscles. Straying to some degree from their proposals, I converted their designs into a sauna, a pool, and a room of steep steps, respectively. Sketches (left, top to bottom) show the progression of the linear design. Bends in the linear plan evolved from a desire to alter sightlines within the building or to create “bends� in the road. This strategy created interstitial spaces which were then allocated to auxiliary program such as changing rooms and outdoor rooms. Opposite page: This series of conceptual diagrams shows the floorplan super-imposed with images of the specific muscle groups, the field in which they are trained, and the proposed activity of each room.
heart
intermediate space
trapezius
gluteus
changing area
calf
32
trapezius | gluteus
gastrocnemius
steam
water | terrain
terrain
suana
swim | lunge
walk
activity
field
muscle
heart
33
b
Floor Plan
a a
6 7
8
a
b
Section a|a
Section b|b
Section c|c
6
34
4
c
entrance a
1
2 5
3
4
c
Series Gymnasia
1. Patio 2. Entrance 3. Gallery (gastrocnemius gym) 4. Dressing Space 5. Pool (trapezius gym) 6. Stairs (gluteus gym) 7. Patio 8. Sauna (heart gym)
The final gym proposal is a synthesis of both metaphor and specific physical activity. As it is intended, the training regiment is linear, going from right to left in the plan above. However, in this final proposal, the routine is not necessarily sequential. After entering through the calf room, the patron finds the dressing space which is simply a depression in the floor. From here, she can access the swimming lane or move on to the step-room. Beyond the step-room, the patron has to go back outdoors to access the sauna. Much like the Finnish method, the juxtaposition of cold air (outdoors) and steamy sauna is invigorating to the heart. As such, the interstitial outdoor space becomes integral to the exercise program. In whole, the series gymnasia presents a series of experiences which are varied in character and intensity, much like a well-traveled road.
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4
3 THE FIT LIFE
2 37
THE FIT LIFE Fitness, Commodity, and Delight! Part II C-2 Studio, Fall 2011 Instructors: Thaddeus Jusczyk & Mary Hale Duration: 12 weeks
Exercise is often thought of in relatively short intervals: sprint for 20 seconds, stair-climb for 30 minutes, just 2 more minutes! However, we are less often aware that exercise functions on a much more vital timescale—the lifetime. The notion of exercise as a life-long activity is not new. The Greeks spoke extensively of the utility of exercise (sometimes administered through grueling regimens) to shape not only a fit life, but also a moral life. In this studio, I chose to consider this lifetime of fitness and the sports club’s ability to accommodate that routine as the focus of architectural investigation. The brief for Part II of this studio was to design an athletic club in a dense urban neighborhood, exploring narrative as both an architectural tool and a form of expression. Specifically, students were encouraged to use literary narrative to examine the patrons’ experiences and interactions. I took this to mean that the narrative should help the designer understand how patrons learn about others as well as themselves. Along with the narrative and writing exercises, students were encouraged to use illustrations, collages, and diagrams to explore the sports club from concept to articulated building. These tools were used to explore site context and history, program relationships, tectonic
38
strategies, and even materials. The resulting body of work was not only visual material, but a “manifesto” and a short story all describing the essential nature and social interactions of the proposed sports club. The brief for the studio was not on a lifetime of fitness. I chose this timescale because I thought the notion of the young, middle-aged, and elderly sharing in a lifetime of physical fitness would be rich ground for architectural investigation. Because I was inclined to investigate lifelong fitness, I thought it would appropriate to study time at various scales. For site analysis, I elected to extensively document the life and evolution of the site, focusing particularly on history and how it shaped the current urban fabric. This revealed the rich variety of building types and programs within the neighborhood today and in the past. This exploration also suggested concepts which I incorporated in the proposal, specifically the idea of an arrangement of varied programs placed adjacently along a single circulation corridor. The result is essentially a ramp coiled around a core of program. Above all else, this proposal suggests that people of all ages can and should share in the experience of fitness. The gym is ideal for building this community and awareness. It is one episode in The Fit Life.
11,300 jobs in Bulfinch Triangle
6 senior homes within 10 minute walk
10 min
5 min
7,600 bicycles bicycle commuters daily in downtown boston
10 schools within 10 minute walk
A New Public Space
U.S. Population Projection through 2050 (U.S. Census, 2008) Male
Age
While the 65+ population segment has the greatest projected growth over the next decades (left), all segments of the U.S. population are growing. One way of considering the health club is as a 24-hour public space where these growing segments of society can interact. In other words, exercise becomes a public activity, accessible to all demographics. The site offers that kind of accessibility to young, working age, and retired patrons in the area (above).
Female
100+ 95
2050
2010
85 80
2030
Retirees
90
75 70 65
Opposite page: Renderings of the proposed sports club. The facade is translucent with large-format framed views of the interior ramp and studios.
60
Working Age
55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20
Youth
15 10 5
3
2
Population in Millions
1
0
1
2
3
39
Infill + Urban Expansion
1760
1770
1780
1790
1800
Rise of Rail + Industry
1810
1820
1840
1830
1850
1860
1870
First YMCA established in Boston; later maps indicate YMCA branch in Bulfinch Triangle
Roads surround banks of Mill Pond
Mill Pond Dam is built
Last water-powered mill on Mill Pond closes Mill Pond Plan of 1808; infill of Mill Pond begins Fitchburg Depot at Causeway Street and Haverhill Street; rail arrives Bulfinch proposes filling Mill Pond
Mill Pond Plan complete
Urban History The site for this studio was Bulfinch Triangle, Boston, Massachusetts. This district has a history of industrial and commercial use. A timeline shows the district’s many transformations. The legacy of industry and commerce in this are lead to some unusual program adjacencies, such as a catholic school next to a chair factory and a pillow factory next to a coffin fabricator’s shop. The character of the site today is similarly mixed-use.
40
Rail lines replace canal along Canal Street 97 factories operating in Bulfinch Triangle
1880
Mass Transit
1890
1900
1910
1920
Automobiles, Expressways + Commerce
1930
1940
1950
Residential apartments outnumber all other program types, but are typically located above Light Industry/Factories
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Bulfinch Triangle added to National Register of Historic Places
Construction of the ‘Big Dig’ begins; Central Artery dismantled
One-third of Bulfinch Triangle buildings are Residential, but Residential use is in decline
Mass transit and passenger rail connects Bulfinch Triangle to the region; North Station dominates the view North from the site
Artist’s conception of early plan for Central Artery
Only 2 Residential buildings remain in Bulfinch Triangle; all but 8 buildings are Commerical/Retail Causeway Street elevated rail closes
Union Station (North Station) opens; passenger rail replaces heavy industrial rail in Bulfinch Triangle
5 Parking/Filling stations open in Bulfinch Triangle
Bulfinch Triangle escapes urban renewal due to its industrial character and low concentration of Residential buildings
Rose Kennedy Greenway completed
Widening of Haymarket Square for automobile parking
Passenger station opens at Haverhill Street
241 unit Residential building opens on Canal Street
Commercial use displaces the site’s historically industrial character
31 Residential buildings demolished to make room for Central Artery
Construction begins on Central Artery
September 2010: New 275 unit Residential project approved for development
80% of parcels dedicated to Commercial and Surface Parking
41
0.83 miles
42
Lancaster
Merrimac
Portland
Causeway
Friend
Surface parking
Valenti
Surface parking (site)
Surface parking
Surface parking
TD Center parking
Surface Parking (site)
Valenti
Surface Parking (site)
Surface Parking (site)
Tip O’Neill Building gallery
work
work
work
eat/drink
sleep
dance
convenience shop
primp
eat/drink
eat/drink
sleep
health care
adjudicate
eat
sleep
‘liposuc’
District Route
Urban Sequence
Activity
Valenti
Greenway
commute
exercise/relax
live/work TD Center parking
live/work
eat/drink
work
work
exercise
work
Valenti
Haymarket parking garage
work
These diagrams show an unwrapping of the site and the streets to create a linear perspective of activities and the character of the space. Like this “straightened-out” convoluted route, perhaps a building circulation could be seen as one continuous line of adjacent programs. Perhaps that line could be wound into an envelope to create new adjacenies and relationships, just as we experience the texture of the site.
Space fractures in the streetscape
Sequence Bulfinch Triangle ‘unfolded’
Chardon
Canal
Causeway
Haverhill 0.00 miles
43
0500
9
rental/performance
8
big room
7
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
5
2200
2300
2400
amenities
common room salon/barber operations
admin
6
2100
admin adults
adult’s gym
commons
outdoor deck fitness assessment group exercise
services
coffee bar
4
education
classroom group exercise men’s lockers
warm-up area
3
2 1
women’s lockers group exercise
group exercise
kid’s gym
kids
pool lockers
indoor pool common reception hall
dave
gabe
stan
24-Hour Program At another time scale, fitness can be measured in 24 hours. The diagram above shows how the program is arranged throughout the 9 floors. Color-coded bars show how the program is distributed over a 24-hour period. Finally, the overlapping routines of 3 “characters” are mapped out across time and space (floors).
isolated program
44
shuffle
mixed program
circulation
Stan on Friend Street On the last stretch of street before Stan arrived at the gym, he passed a 7-Eleven, some offices, a hotel in which people were reluctantly waking, and a parking lot. Those were places for passing time, and so they appealed to him. What he did not know is that once, in those same places, there had been a shop that sold coffins and cigars, a school for catholic girls, and a factory that made feather pillows. Things change, even when you try to sit very still.
Program and Circulation Starting with the unsorted program elements (below, far left), the club program is shuffled to created distributed functional adjacencies. This is different from the typical contemporary gym which efficiently segregates users by type of activity. Applied to this mixed program it a circulation scheme which wraps the spaces to allow for a continuous ramp. This strategy is not only accessible, but it allows for a street-like quality to the circulation plan.
vertical program
height adjusted
wrap
ramped circulation
45
The Race and Gabe Gabe was picking up speed. He knew it was the new shoes. He was locked on Margret who was just a few strides ahead of him, but out of the corner of his eye, he was also admiring the white blur of his new shoes as they whipped like hurricanes beneath him. He needed the speed today. He’d never lost this race before, at least not to a girl. He flattened out his hands and fingers and karate chopped through the air and that seemed to make a big difference.
Ramp Studies
46
The notion of a continuous ramp proved very challenging to represent in drawings. I used study models to understand how the ramp might intersect floor plates and how those floor plates might be adjusted to accommodate a continuous accessible ramp. An early model (left) led to further studies incorporating floors, walls, and interior “windows”.
9
8
7
7
6
5
4
4
3
b a
1
2
1 a b
Section a|a
18.
17.
15.
1. entry 2. lobby 3. pool 4. pool lockers 5. kid’s gym 6. warm-up area 7. locker room 8. group exercise 9. coffee bar 10. locker room 11. group exercise 12. fitness assessment 13. outdoor deck 14. adult’s gym 15. admin 16. barber shop 17. big room 18. performance
16.
14.
11.
12.
8.
9.
5.
6.
4.
3. 2.
Outdoor Deck
Warm-up Area Group Exercise
Training Area Adult’s Gym
Barber Shop
Break Area
Admin
Fitness Assessment
48
Big Room
Performance Room
Performance Room
1.
Section b|b
The Community Core The sports club, as depicted in these sections, creates a community space for fitness. The street-like element of the ramp separates a core of program space and the translucent facade. Bridging this ramp are visual connections; large-format windows on the exterior are matched on the interior walls, creating views out of the interior spaces and across the active ramp. This strategy creates visual connections between program areas and circulation. Often this leads to perspectives where the ramp traverses the framed view at unexpected elevations (see “17. Big Room” at left).
18.
17.
16.
The diagram at the bottom of the page describes the program and circulation as if the ramp were “unwrapped”. This representation references the site documentation illustrated earlier.
15.
14.
12.
13.
9.
10.
6.
7.
Lobby/Check-in
Elevator
Pool Entrance Pool Lockers
Pool Stairs
Warm-up Area Kids’ Gym
Locker Room Coffee Bar
Classroom
Group Exercise
Locker Room
3.
49
Dave’s Haircut
50
He ran his hand across the back of his neck but he could feel that some of the hairs had gotten inside the collar. It itched, and he was annoyed that he had gone swimming and taken a shower before his haircut. He wiggled around a bit trying to brush the tiny hairs out of his collar. “Hey Ginger Rogers, you getting tired yet?” David turned around to see the other guys, laughing to themselves. “I don’t get tired,” he replied. The kids were still on the ramp next to the barber shop, and occasionally the old men would see one of them fly by the window, a blur of color and youth.
Detail at Interior Wall, Ramp, and Facade 1. Facade double-glazed, U-shape channel glass, vertical 15mm steel window frames 12 mm glazing
1
steel tube frame support frames
2. Ramp reinforced concrete deck textured epoxy surface finish color finish at underside recessed t5 fluoresent lighting glazed panel rail
3. Interior wall cast-in-place concrete color interior finish
2
interior
ramp
15mm steel window frames
exterior
3
Detail at Interior Wall, Ramp, and Facade I experimented with several lighting temperatures and channel glass colors to find the right combination for the facade. The details at left model the glass facade, levels of translucency, and lighting color.
51
Facade and Structure Studies This series of models shows the development of the structural and facade strategy. Beginning with slabs and an exposed, crossbraced frame, the final proposal is an internal core structure with self-supporting exterior glazing (the model at bottom right shows the core structure). Intermediate models featured a window-less facade, a “punched-opening� facade, and a structural exoskeleton.
52
Fitness Revealed By creating a gym which actively invites patrons of all ages and provides spaces in which they can share in a life of fitness, the gym should allow glimpses into that experience. The window frames create snapshots of fitness and aging—at one moment, the window may frame a woman walking slowly, but deliberately; the next, it may frame two children running carefree. These experiences are shared within the building and beyond.
53
40
THE LIBRARY INDEX: precedents
55
THE LIBRARY INDEX Informative Platform(s): The New Public Library Part I C-3 Studio, Spring 2011 Instructor: Evangelos Kotsioris Duration: 4 weeks
The library is being forced to transform. As technology influences modes of creating, gathering, and distributing knowledge, the library is expanding its role and capabilities to avoid obsolescence. Considering the library’s heritage as one of the few truly public and open institutions in a free society, it is imperative that we, designers, consider what the library of the future will be and what it will be able to offer a society which already has unfettered access to digital information. With or without books, we have to ponder the transformation of this vital public space. This studio consisted of two parts: research and design. The result of both of these parts was two books, published electronically. The first book, of which some material is presented here, was a collection of 40 detailed precedent studies of historically significant and noteworthy contemporary libraries (built and proposed). The second book was a collection of the studio’s 8 proposed designs. The “Library Index” as Part I was named, was a group effort by 8 studio members. The studio chose and divided the 40 precedents. Each studio member then conducted detailed research of their precedent group to include information on scale, program, history, concepts, and innovation, just to name a few. In addition, each student was then asked to diagram specific aspects of the collected
information. Together with these diagrams, the 40 precedent studies were organized, formatted, and compiled into the electronic publication. Of the 40 precedents, I selected five which included the Boston Public Library Addition by Phillip Johnson and the National Technical Library in Prague by architects Projektil Architekti SRO and Helika which are included here. I include these examples because they had lasting relevance to Part II of this project in terms of program and technical experimentation in representation and concept exploration. Also included here are analytical graphics which I created to make scalar comparisons of the precedents. After drafting the footprints of all 40 buildings from scaled photographs or floorplans, I arranged and analyzed them based on total floor areas, perimeter length, and collection size. Compiling this data allowed a visual comparison of the entire sample, eventually helping the studio determine and situate the scale of the library proposals. Cross-referencing this scale data with size of collection and date of completion allowed for a few interesting observations as well as a better understanding of the library as an historic and contemporary building type.
56 Nouvelle bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève (Paris, 1859)
The Library Index The 40 precedents included in the Library Index represented an international sample of historic, contemporary, built, and unbuilt libraries. Noticeably missing are examples from Africa and Asia which could be an interesting study in and of itself. This graphic was completed by another studio member but gives a good overview of the projects included.
57
Index Extracts This spread and the following are extracts from the published Index. The two examples presented here show the result of the research I conducted for my selected precedents. This research yielded a wealth of data with which it was possible to compare and contrast common and unique elements of the building type.
58
59
60
61
scale comparison_sorted by total floor area (gross square feet) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Arts School Library, UK | 3500 Jussieu Library, FR | 8000 Eberswalde Library, DE | 9999 Bibliothèque, Rue Richelieu, FR | 10000 Bibliothek Luckenwalde, DE | 10225
S
6. Ryotaro Shiba Museum Library, JP | 11000 7. Middle East Centre Library, UK | 13000 8. Bibliotheque Ste. Genevieve, FR | 19200 9. Peckham Library, UK | 24000 10. History Faculty Library, UK | 30000
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Library, Viana Do Castelo, PT | 33100 Biblioteca Parque Espana, CO | 38000 Médiathèque de Vénissieux, FR | 41000 Jaume Fuster Library, ES | 54000 Tama Art University Library, JP | 62000
2
Cottbus University Library, DE | 82100 Exeter Library, US | 89000 Brabant Library, NL | 99999 Stockholm Public Library, SE | 99999 Beinecke Library, US | 125000
9
16
10
1
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
M
22 17
23 18
3 11
4 19 12
5
13
L
24
6
25 20
14 7
8
15
21
26
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
BMVR, FR | 137000 Biblioteca Nacional, BR | 150700 Viipuri Library, RU | 160000 Uni. Library, Delft, NL | 161500 National Library, KO | 178000
26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
National Technical Library, CZ | 210000 Library for the Future, BE | 210000 Kortrijk Library, BE | 223900 Sendai Mediatheque, JP | 233000 Geisel Library, UCSD, US | 300000
27
31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
University Library, Utrecht, NL | 300000 MLK Jr. Memorial Library, US | 400000 Jose Vasconcelos Library, MX | 409000 Seattle Public Library, US | 412000 Czech National Library, CZ | 431000
XL
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
National Library Astana, KZ | 450000 Boston Public Library, US | 550000 Staatsbibliothek Berlin, DE | 1999999 Très Grande Biblio., FR | 2700000 Bibliothèque Nationale, FR | 3500000
31
28
32
38 29 34
30
39 35
40
36
33
37
63
3500 gsf
(graph) scale comparison_ buildings sorted by smallest to largest floor areas
(diagram) floor area comparison_ smallest library compared to largest
GSF
1 2 3
x 1000
4 5 Index Analysis: S, M, L, XL
6 7
This page and the previous show visual comparisons of the precedents. After creating the building outlines from scaled plans and photographs, I was able to arrange the samples according to scalar data. This allowed for quantitative analysis of the building type. However, the value of making these comparisons visually is that seeing the differences in size and form allowed for some qualitative analysis as well; for example, visual comparison of the largest and smallest or the oldest and newest libraries. As a general observation, libraries have gotten bigger and less orthogonal in their floorplan over time.
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
(table) floor area categories in gross square feet
26
S
27 28
M
L
XL
3k-30k 30k-100k 100k-600k 600k-3500k
29 30 31 32
(table) number of buildings grouped by size category
33 34 35 36
S
M
L
XL
10
9
18
3
3500000 gsf
37 38 39 40 0 gsf
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
1843 ce
(graph) scale comparison_ buildings sorted by date from oldest to newest
(diagram) scale comparison_ oldest library compared to newest
8 4 1 19 23 20 10 30
1843
17
2012
32 37 38 25 39 2 40 6 24
40
(diagram) scale comparison_footprints aligned on center
3 9 13 29 18 31 34 11 14 16 12 15 22 33 5 26 28 21 27
2010 ce
7 35 36 0 gsf
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
capacity comparison_ buildings sorted by date from oldest to newest, circle represents collection items per square foot
1843
year built
104.1
items per square foot
2011
in progress
1.1 66
items per square foot
category comparison_ size groups, floor areas, and representative buildings
group
building, location
floor area
S
1. Arts School Library, UK 2. Jussieu Library, FR 3. Eberswalde Library, DE 4. Bibliothèque, Rue Richelieu, FR 5. Bibliothek Luckenwalde, DE 6. Ryotaro Shiba Museum Library, JP 7. Middle East Centre Library, UK 8. Bibliotheque Ste. Genevieve, FR 9. Peckham Library, UK 10. History Faculty Library, UK
3500 8000 9999 10000 10225 11000 13000 19200 24000 30000
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
Library, Viana Do Castelo, PT Biblioteca Parque Espana, CO Médiathèque de Vénissieux, FR Jaume Fuster Library, ES Tama Art University Library, JP Cottbus University Library, DE Exeter Library, US Brabant Library, NL Stockholm Public Library, SE
33100 38000 41000 54000 62000 82100 89000 99999 99999
20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.
Beinecke Library, US BMVR, FR Biblioteca Nacional, BR Viipuri Library, RU Uni. Library, Delft, NL National Library, KO National Technical Library, CZ Library for the Future, BE Kortrijk Library, BE Sendai Mediatheque, JP Geisel Library, UCSD, US University Library, Utrecht, NL MLK Jr. Memorial Library, US Jose Vasconcelos Library, MX Seattle Public Library, US Czech National Library, CZ National Library Astana, KZ Boston Public Library, US
125000 137000 150700 160000 161500 178000 210000 210000 223900 233000 300000 300000 400000 409000 412000 431000 450000 550000
M
L
XL
38. Staatsbibliothek Berlin, DE 39. Très Grande Biblio., FR 40. Bibliothèque Nationale, FR
1999999 2700000 3500000
representative building/ average floor area for size group
13892.4
66577.6
representative building/ average floor area for all buildings
Index Summary Opposite page: By overlaying the scaled floorplan of a few selected precedents (sorted by date) with a scaled dot representing the library capacity, or books per square foot, I was able to make an interesting observation. The upper left figure with the largest dot is the oldest precedent studied and is incidentally the most densely packed. Compared to one of the newest libraries studied, it appears that our libraries are becoming less dense with printed material. This page: Of the precedents studied, it turns out that Boston’s Public Library represents the median size in terms of total floor area.
280061.1
773466.0
2733333.0
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PUBLIC MEDIA PLATFORM
PUBLIC MEDIA PLATFORM Informative Platform(s): The New Public Library Part II C-3 Studio, Spring 2011 Instructor: Evangelos Kotsioris Duration: 12 weeks
The future of libraries is undefined and therefore the potential to reinterpret them is virtually unlimited. Part II of this studio focused on the task of envisioning one possible future iteration of the library as public space, public institution, and information “platform”.
companion to the original. As such, I am proposing the Public Media Platform (PMP). The goal of the PMP is not to replace the traditional library, but to offer a wider range of information delivery. This puts the PMP somewhere between the structure of the traditional Dewey Decimal System and the wild-west of the internet.
As outlined in the studio brief, the role of the library is radically shifting from that of a physical depository of books into an informative, flexible platform that can provide other, new services for the promotion of knowledge. The studio was challenged to build on the lessons and examples of the studied precedents and design a medium-sized library in an urban environment. The library, as an architectural device, must address not only site and context, but the dynamic exchange of information in contemporary society. The library should then explore the juxtapositions of program and spatial configurations to create multi-functional and upgradable environments for learning and social exchange.
The PMP relies on new methods of information tracking, retrieving, and display, taking advantage of RFID technology and personal digital devices. The PMP imagines a self-organized collection, dispensing with ordered shelving of information. The patron literally “finds” the book digitally then follows directions to the physical item. This proposal also addresses how the current BPL collection, much of which is in long-term storage, can be digitized, redistributed, and mobilized. In the spirit of adapting new technologies, I used this studio as an opportunity to experiment with new digital representation and modeling software. I used a visual coding language for Rhino 3D to model the concrete slab design and test its structural performance and to design walkable gradients; I also used environmental modeling software to model the building’s ability to mitigate site noise. In all, this new library embraces the changes that technology has in store for information delivery.
I was interested in the conceptual transformations between the traditional library and a library geared for our current and future expectations for communication and information delivery. Since I had looked closely at the Boston Public Library (BPL) as a precedent, I wanted to design a library that could be a sort of progressive
characteristics
?
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structured environment massive collection outdated organization low-tech low stimulation poor access
guided environment micro collection self-organization new-tech varied stimulation open access
non-structured environment infinite collection no organization low-tech excessive stimulation poor access
tracking
retrieving
displaying
Organizing Technologies The technologies that will re-organize the library (at least in the near future) are not necessarily new. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a technology developed to track aircraft but it can also allow us to put our library book anywhere—an then find it without ever asking a librarian for help! Likewise, technologies for retrieving and displaying information will let us dispense with traditional methods of cataloguing information in library stacks. Opposite page: The new PMP is self-organized but curated by the library staff, placing it between the structure of the traditional library and the free-for-all of the internet.
71
72
The Corral/Search and Display So what does a self-organized library look like? The collage at the opposite page shows what I call a “corral�. In a space like this, books can be freely organized by users, perhaps organically producing new groupings of information and subjects currently disassociated by strict organizing systems. This page: The future library will have to be flexible enough to allow new ways of displaying information, perhaps becoming display spaces rather than storage spaces. Collages were used extensively in this studio to explore concepts and spatial relationships. I composed these collages and others by combining digital images found on the internet with composed graphics and renderings.
73
Transforming Information Delivery The new library can be seen as a contemporary companion offering alternative methods of information delivery. It is meant to compliment, not replace the traditional library. The relationship between the PMP and the BPL is conceptual and geographic.
?
structu red en viro massiv e colle nment ct outdat ed org ion a nizatio low-tec n h low stim u poor a lation ccess
guided e micro c nvironment oll self-org ection a new te nized ch varied stimula tio open a ccess n
Information Redistribution A key component of the proposal (and the subject of much research regarding the BPL collection) is the level of public access to the collection. Currently, much of the collection is held in storage. As represented at the left of the diagram below, the current collection has limited outlets to the public. With the new PMP, the stored collection would be digitized and redistributed. Certain collection items would be streamed to the PMP and the entire collection would be stored as a digital archive. After being digitized, low circulation items would then be recycled or given away in the PMP free collection. The right side of the diagram shows an increased digital collection and more streams of public access to public information.
today
tomorrow
storage BPL print
digital collection
BPL print
digital collection PMP free PMP print recycle
annual increase
75
Situating the Platform The selected site was one of several allowed in the studio brief. I selected this site because of its location (a straight 5 minute walk from the BPL), because of its high-traffic, urban nature, and because as it exists, it is simply a void over an interstate highway. The aerial view here shows the proposed library as a structure which bridges over that existing void; creating a landscape where previously there was only space. A building sitting here could “define the corner� of a bustling urban intersection, improving the walkability and scale of the site.
Exploring Shape The studio included a reading of R.E. Somol’s article, “12 Reasons to Get Back in Shape,” which discussed the manipulating of shape as a formal tool. Through many massing models and drawings, I explored shape from maximum footprint to the final “warped courtyard” form. This diagram shows some off the dead-ends and derivatives of this process. Ultimately, the courtyard form evolved as a reference to the courtyard of the original BPL, as means of facilitating day lighting, and as a way of acknowledging the building as a span over the freeway below.
maximum footprint
blocks
shards
notching
holes
pushing/pulling
segments
courtyard
surface
77
Warped Courtyard The building section (bottom) reveals the nature of the proposal: a wrinkled surface situated between a freeway below and a vibrant streetscape above. In this sense, the building has an “extra” elevation which is the underside viewed by passing cars on the freeway. The section here is cut through the entry to the building (magenta slash at the left of the section) showing that the building is accessed by passing through the wrinkled floor slab. The undulating surface becomes a landscape where parts of the library occupy ridges and valleys, the building lifting for program and environmental factors. Opposite page: These diagrams show how the slab design was optimized from structure to program. This series of diagrams was created using a visual coding program through Rhino 3D which allowed literally dozens of design changes to optimize the slab curvature to accommodate structural and programmatic factors. I developed the parametric code to first create a mesh of the concrete shell slab, translate that data into measurable gradient data (for accessibility), then convert that data into topographic contours. The images shown are the result of weeks of fine-tuning the slab design.
building and site section
78
distorted by ‘lifting’
lif
ta
ts
tre
et
lif
ta
tr
ea
di
ng
ro
om
basic volume
dense mesh geometry typical at areas of slab curvature
Structural Mesh Structural mesh generated by curvature analysis of slab.
more uniform mesh geometry typical at ‘flat’ areas
Walkable Gradients Curvature analysis of slab based on walkable gradients.
<1:20
Library Contours Contours generated from walkable gradient analysis
>1:12
5’ +
4’ +
1’ +
1:20 - 1:12
1’ +
3’ + 0’ +
10’ +
event space +
media/visualization +
Program Platforms
reading room + book valley +
free collection +
Areas of useable floor area dedicated to specific program
cafe/reading room +
interactive +
79
Floorplan
1 interactive space entrance floor-display terminals/staff counter
5
6
+
+
2 free collection mobile stacks reading areas 3 book valley staff area book corrals restrooms mechanical emergency exits 4 reading room 1
7
â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;quiet areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; mobile stacks multi-use area
+
+
5 media/visualization entrance
reconfigurable media media search and display digital archiving 6 event space step seating curtain enclosure mobile stacks storage emergency exits 7 cafe/reading room
80
Elevation
4 + 3 +
2 +
Self-Organized Collection The plan reinforces the concept of a self-organizing collection. As a contoured surface, the plan defines space by elevation changes creating valleys and ridges for program areas. The plan treats the library as a program loop exposing program elements to their adjacencies. For instance, the cafe (7) overlooks both the event space (6) and the building entrance (1). Program, furniture, media, and patrons are free to self-organize and overlap along this loop. The elevation rendering below shows how the interior terrain of the library is expressed on the exterior facade.
81
media auxillary support reading
Program Loop The courtyard form accomodates a selforganized program by allowing a redistribution of the library program. The bottom diagram is just one distribution of program possible in a self-organizing environment.
program
staff video lounge audio reading staff book wall floor-lite hi-browse bowl support digital media screening
82
visualization
program
Self-Organizing Space This collage is an early illustration of a selforganizing environment. The scale of the final proposal is quite smaller, but this image is relevant as an illustration of people and media within a multi-purpose environment.
83
Borderless Media Space The library must remain a social node in the community, and as our tastes for information delivery evolve, so does our need to share in its consumption. The library is a borderless space which encourages overlaps in program and spatial relationships. Above: a view into the event space from the media viewing area. Left: The curved ceiling frames the view from the cafe.
84
Interactive “Floor Light” This feature is site-specific, considering the building’s proposed situation over a major sub-surface roadway. The inverse of the “skylight”, the floor-light opens a window to an urban reality, while gathering the trace light and reflections (and noises) of an urban element which typically belongs “outside” of the building. In addition, this glazed surface can be augmented with an interactive display which shows useful data (route-finding, entertainment, query services). This feature is located just inside the building entrance.
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Structure The structural strategy is basically two concrete shell slabs (roof and floor slabs) with steel post and diagonal bracing. An enamelled glass facade wraps the enclosure between roof deck and floor slab while revealing the perimeter of these surfaces.
roof shell
enamelled glass
post /diagonal bracing
shell slab
deck
substructure
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Shell Slab Modifications To optimize and test the proposed slab design, I again used a visual coding language with Rhino 3D to model the concrete slab and its supports. The model image at the bottom of the page is from an animation which shows the critical regions of the slab design. In other words, it shows the areas most prone to failure (crimson being the most critical). The model animation demonstrated that the left most corner of the courtyard was the most critical region and therefore I devoted much attention to modifying the design to mitigate this vulnerability. The design is essentially a three sided cantilever (the courtyard being the cantilevered edge). By chamfering the inside corners of the courtyard, I was able to eventually find a slab design which reduced the stress and deformation of the slab. In other words, the chamfered inside corners of the courtyard are the result of structural modeling, not simply aesthetic rendering.
final shell design
chamfered inside corners of final shell slab designed to reduce critical region
preliminary shell design
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The “Extra” Elevation The rendering above shows the view from the roadway below the site. The coffered underside of the slab, in addition to making the building recognizable as a piece of functional infrastructure, is designed to mitigate traffic noise. By modeling the acoustic characteristics of the site (right) from the road level, I was able to discover that road noise “fills” the site space and spills over into the streetscape above. The image at right is an animation snapshot of the site’s noise characteristics just seconds after a car passes below.
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This image shows the combined noise signature on the site with the proposed building, 2 seconds after a car passes below. While the building does not cancel the noise, it does prevent much of the echo and reverberation from accumulating at street level. It also â&#x20AC;&#x153;holdsâ&#x20AC;? most of the sound below the level of the courtyard.
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The Public Space Opposite: This early conceptual collage remained an inspiration for the final design. While the proposed PMP does not have a literal wall of books, the facade does allow a transparency fitting for a media-based public space. The facade is patterned to mitigate light, but it also creates a thin screen between the street and interior, never shutting out the public from the activity of information delivery. The entrance pictured above is expressed by a magenta â&#x20AC;&#x153;cutâ&#x20AC;? in the floor surface; the cafe above the entrance forms an integrated entry canopy.
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BUILDING TYPE:RETAIL
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BUILDING TYPE: RETAIL The Bulfinch Triangle Shopping Center Architectural Programming and Codes, Spring 2010 Instructor: William Melcher Duration: 16 weeks
By the end of 2008, there were over 102,000 shopping centers of various sizes throughout the United States comprising over 7 billion square feet, or 49.8% of the nationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s total gross leasable area (GLA). As a ubiquitous building type found across the country and the world, for that matter, the shopping center does offer a wide spectrum of design options and challenges. While the general program of shopping centers remains consistent throughout different regions, the scale, services, and style of any proposed design must be tailor-made for the intended site. In this programming course I developed a detailed program and code analysis intended to document the scale, services, and nature of the proposed shopping center, as well as determine the most critical site characteristics, potentials, and disadvantages. The proposed site for this project was situated adjacent to Bostonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s North End. While not insurmountable, the dense urban character of the site was a challenge to the overall shopping center program. Determining the proper scale and services of the proposal remained largely dependent on the surrounding neighborhood. However, the programming process, as an exercise in documentation and critical thinking, yielded many discoveries that informed the final proposal. Also, the programming process helped frame the most important aspects of the project that may have been overlooked by a less reasoned or organized planning activity. Most notably, addressing community circulation issues and code limitations were made more manageable through the programming process. Any competent design is based on a thorough assessment of the architectural problem at hand. Architectural Programming and Codes was an exhaustive examination of just how detailed that assessment can get. At the beginning of this process, I was assigned the shopping center as a building type. Based on this assignment, all of my programming and codes research was based on the typical shopping center. The entire semester was dedicated to addressing every issue on the list (at right), creating diagrams and documentation to record the design response, and writing verbal passages to articulate the findings.
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Ideal site and Space Use Precedents Ideal site Ideal site diagram Space use precedents Existing State Site conditions and analysis Existing site Districts/pubic transit Topography/walking-radii Zoning/open space Vehicle/pedestrian patterns Existing site diagram Solar patterns Regional/micro climates Weather data Former site uses Zoning summary Setbacks, massing, far Cultural context Evidential context Behavioral context Client description Interview questions Precedents Future State Mission statement Issues/sub-issues Goals Performance requirements Massing study Accessibility Sustainability Cost estimate analysis
Space Use Precedents
Unit Stores
160,000 sf total
MSUs Beverage Areas
The anchor store should be between 40%-60% of the facilityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s net square footage. Based on a typical 100,000 SF anchor store, that equates to a estimated program floor area of 140,000 to 160,000 net square feet. The illustrated percentages (and associated floor areas) are based on a model program for a community sized retail center of 160,000 net square feet.
Grocery Anchor
anchor 100,000 sf
grocery 10,000 sf
medium size user 2 x 10,000 sf
unit shops 28 x 1,000 sf
2 x 1,000 sf catering 95
Existing State Existing state includes the analysis of site conditions, codes, contexts, and precedents. This begins with locating the site and its context.
site
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Zoning
site (mixed use) light industrial mixed use multi-family med/high density residential limited, office general business passive recreation
Existing State These are just a couple examples of the extensive site condtions diagramming and documentation included in the programming exercise.
Open Space
site (north end of greenway)
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Parcel and Zoning Summaries These diagrams summarize the essential parcel and zoning information.
central artery parcel 1
the site is central artery parcel 1 (which consists of three parcels) in bulfinch triangle, boston, massachusetts
valenti way, 02114 parcel: 0301523000 lot size: 17500 SF zoning district: central artery special land use: commercial value: $1,042,800*
haverhill street, 02114 parcel: 0301536000 lot size: 63609 SF zoning district: central artery special land use: exempt value: $3,462,700*
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valenti way, 02114 parcel 0301523001 lot size 18223 SF zoning district: central artery special land use: exempt value: $426,700.00
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allowed FAR:
8
max height:
80’/100’
setbacks:
15’ haverhill street, 10’ all others
lot size:
63,609. 18,223, 17599 sf
total lot area:
99,332 sf
max gross sf allowed by FAR:
794,656 gsf
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building gross sf = FAR total lot area 794,656 gsf 99,332
__________ * IAW City of Boston Assessing Department and Boston Zoning Code, Article 49, Central Artery Special District.
=8 99
Precedent Study and Diagrams This spread shows one of three detailed precedent studies included in the programming and codes report. The most remarkable aspect of this retail shop is structural. A unique ceiling structure on the third floor allows almost complete sunlight infiltration. A central stair in a triple height space allows the light to filter all the way to the first shopping floor. The handling of light and unique circulation add quality to the shopping environment and produce an exciting architectural experience, making this a great precedent for larger scale design exploration.
PRADA LA, by Rem Koolhaas (OMA) Beverley Hills, CA, 2004 24,000 SF
Structural brace supporting ceiling design.
Broad stair in triple height space allows light infiltration.
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Plans and Section.
Structure (Third Floor supporting ceiling) The third floor plan shows just how structural members were minimized to allow for a perforated ceiling which would allow maximum light infiltration. Bearing party walls allow for a completely glazed front facade.
Vertical Circulation (Up from First Floor) The third floor plan shows just how structural members were minimized to allow for a perforated ceiling which would allow maximum light infiltration. Bearing party walls allow for a completely glazed front facade.
Light Infiltration (Section) The uniquely designed ceiling system allows maximum light infiltration to all retail floors. The triple height space is an interesting, elegant alternative to the ubiquitous atrium found in most shopping centers.
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Goals/Performance Requirements One of the final steps in developing the program is determining key goals and performance requirements. These are design priorities identified and documented in the program study. We were asked to select the most important of the goals and diagram them. Opposite page: Although this course did not require a building “design” students were asked to provide a diagrammatic, measured site plan and building massing.
Circulation
BUSES
PR 1: Major circulation routes should allow access to retail spaces, public gathering space (indoor or outdoor), and public transportation at site’s edge.
Diagram shows one major circulation route flanked by retail and public space. This route links two types of public transportation available on site.
PR 2: Circulation links across the site should be provided on each level.
Diagram shows how each level enables the user to traverse the site. The idea is that the user can engage in retail activities while crossing the site, despite the level he/she is on.
PR 3: Surprising links should be provided to make connections between levels of the various site buildings.
Diagram shows how unusual connections can be made between levels to encourage exploration and further mix retail and public spaces.
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PUBLIC
RETAIL
Goal 1: The site and facility circulation should provide clear yet surprising links (interior and exterior)between retail spaces, public spaces, and existing onsite collection points for public transportation and services.
SUBWAY
LVL 3 LVL 2 LVL 1 BLDG1
LVL 3 LVL 2 LVL 1 BLDG2
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the critical regionalism of ch+qs
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CRITICAL REGIONALISM OF CH+QS Lázaro Carreter Public Library Ideas and Design, Fall 2010 Instructor: Tatiana Berger Duration: 16 weeks On the outskirts of Madrid, Spain, a familiar pattern of development has emerged over the past several decades and with it has come the generic placelessness of the modern built environment. Suburban development has found its way from the prototypes of North America to the satellite communities of Europe’s cities creating a decentralized, horizontal sprawl whose only allegiance belongs to the freeways and highways that lead to urban centers. With an emphasis on mobility and low density, suburbanization has displaced traditional public, pedestrian spaces with the expressway and the detached, private home. One such example of this phenomenon can be found in the town of Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain, where a recently completed public building has emerged as an ardent antagonist to the anonymity of the suburban landscape. Designed by the Spanish architects, Churtichaga + Quadra-Salcedo (CH+QS), the Lázaro Carreter Public Library carves out a space for public interaction in the face of privatization and suburban transformation. Through various programmatic and tectonic devices, CH+QS have established a public space for cultural identity and material permanence to counter the “placeless” character of the new suburban development of Villanueva de la Cañada. In doing so, they have offered one potential counter argument to the pervasive model of nondescript, repetitious suburban space.
Through the lense of critical regionalism the studio looked closely at the work of several contemporary Spanish and Portuguese architects. Out of a group of well-known and not-so-well-known designers, I selected the architects Churtichaga + Quadra-Salcedo (CH+QS). The semester was dedicated to studying their public library in Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain. I was intrigued at how the project sought to establish a “sense of place” in an increasingly suburbanized European community. I addressed these issues extensively in the required final paper, focusing my analysis on issues of cultural identity within the field of suburban homogeneity. This was not a design course, but along with presentations and essays, we were asked to construct a model of our selected case studies. Particularly, the model was meant to highlight significant characteristics of the building. This building featured a unique “butterfly” clerestory of structural brick—the geometry was simple but surprisingly counter-intuitive to construct. Another unorthodox feature of the building (and model) was the star-shaped children’s library annex.
The Suburban Model My analysis considered how CH+QS’ library addresses issues of suburbanization and cultural identity. The photos below compare the U.S. suburban model in Colorado Springs(left) to that of Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain, the site of the project (right).
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Fixed Identity The architects take several steps to “anchor” the building into the site: the building is depressed 1 meter into the ground, even the “light” glazed sections are fixed by this device. The main building is an impermeable, weighed mass, in contrast to the “lightness” of much of the town’s newer construction. In an area of such new development, this building is a physical reminder of the need for a civic identity that is fixed and unmoving.
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Analytical Model The quarter scale model was constructed to highlight some distinguishing features of the building, such as the interior circulation ramps and the glazed reading room which is depressed to garden level. I chose to light the interior to emphasize the contrast between the massive envelope and the more delicate glazed features as well as the unique geometry of the angled clerestory.
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A COMMUNITY LIBRARY
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COMMUNITY LIBRARY Structures III and Architectural Detailing, Spring 2011 Instructor: Amir Mesgar, John Pilling, Jennifer McGrory Duration: 8/8 weeks
Building on the foundation of Structures II and III, Structures III and Architectural Detailing take a wholistic approach to building design, from structural detailing to envelope design. The program and building design (layout, footprint, floors, etc.) were for the most part prescribed. However, the sizing and calculations for structural systems and architectural details were left to the abilities of the student. The plans and details presented here were developed over the course of the semester and reflect specific issues regarding structural connections, cladding, fire proof construction, energy performance, footings and foundations, etc. The final product of the combined course is a nearly complete set of architectural and structural drawings to include an abbreviated specification document and relevant product spec sheets.
The Library Plan The final plans incorporate structural and architectural considerations as they were explored and resolved throughout the semester.
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Structural and Architectural Drawings These drawing samples show the proposed elevation and the corresponding steel frame elevations. Also included is an architectural building section and typical steel connection detail.
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Envelope Details This collection of envelope details shows the proposed cladding system, a ventilated wall system with modular stone tile cladding and exterior, rigid insulation. Fire code guidance for building type and use group was consulted to detail the fire-rated assemblies proposed on this page.
Plan Detail - 1 Hr Rated Wall at Corner
Section - 1 Hr Rated Wall at Foundation
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Skylight Section
Section - Slab on Grade
Roof Section
Wall Section at Parapet
Wall Section at Foundation
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Introduction to Practice
If you follow trends in social media and communication, you will be well aware that the once isolated domains of private life and professional practice are merging. While there is some resistance to this trend—personified by a “howto” industry offering advice about keeping your professional and private lives separate—that resistance is competing against what is perhaps the most dramatic shift in communication technology (and behavior) in human history. Considering the total media immersion that we operate in today, it is not a wonder that our private and professional ambitions should become ever more entangled. In such an environment, it is almost a romantic notion to suggest that there is any clear distinction between the alter-egos of the professional and the private. While it may seem an odd thesis to begin an essay on the professional practice of architecture, we should consider the magnitude of the shift that we are experiencing with regards to the profession. Communication infrastructure is transforming our lives the way transportation infrastructure has methodically obscured the physical limitations of geography. But unlike physical infrastructure, the objective of communication is an increasing presence as opposed to an increasing distance. With ever increasing presence comes the renewed cross-pollination of our traditional spheres of activity. A discussion of deconstructing the barriers between the professional and the social is in some ways a revival. It reminds me of the connected New England farmhouse in which the characteristic joining of the barn (work) and the kitchen (family) fostered a hybrid lifestyle which was never pure labor or pure leisure. The emphasis on communication infrastructures today has a similar ability (and objective) to enable that type of ambiguity, perhaps as an antidote to the distances created by an era of intense physical transportation (separation). So how does this situation pertain to architecture and a professional practice, particularly my own? When I sit at my computer at work, I am immediately connected to the entire field of architectural practice. I am connected to history, to arguments about history, to arguments about the future, to conundrums ad nauseam. There has never been a better time to engage in serious (and silly) debates about architecture’s role in critiquing the status quo or celebrating it. This constant access to perpetual engagement has already expanded beyond the architect’s desk, further freeing the range of professional practice beyond a fixed geographic source. It is in this virtual cloud that I cultivate the influences of social and professional culture into my academic and practice projects. The forces of academia and practice are mutli-directional. This essay is obviously not a categorical list of lessons learned or achievements achieved, and so perhaps falls short of assessing the actual material and intellectual output of my recent practice experience. But I offer my comments in defense of practice in general. Despite working in an environment characterized by continuous access to the field of architecture in its broadest sense, it is the specificity of the problem at hand teaches the lesson. As someone who is inclined to theory (as I have learned through my experience as a student and an intern architect), I have been pleased to be confronted with the complexities of practice. The work presented in this portfolio is not presented in a vacuum, just as our daily interactions with co-workers, classmates, and family are no longer contained within the geographic and intellectual vessels of home and office. These practical examples, I hope, show an increasing exploration and understanding of professional practice, especially with regards to materials, methods, project administration, and design. In practice, I have tried to bring the presence of my academic explorations and representational techniques. In studio and design education, I am incorporating an increasing body of experience related the realities of construction. In this sense, I have no desire to maintain boundaries between those endeavors.
Brewster Meeting House Brewster, Massachusetts 2009-2010
existing conditions assessment fenestration renders site studies accessibility studies
Clockwise from top: Aerial view of project site; rendering of sanctuary interior to simulate proposed addition of historic windows behind the stage; Work begins on the project with a conditions assessment and exploratory removal of materials to determine extent of structural and architectural restoration scope.
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Opposite page: Responding to needs to improve accessibility to the front patio (a popular gathering place after services) I explored several design options which would integrate access and program. This page: Work in progress to excavate and replace the original 18th century stone foundation wall; this work was based on site assessments and coordination with structural engineers.
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The clientsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; program called for accessibility improvements to allow access to the sanctuary stage. This design exercise was intended to demonstrate to the clients that an integrated stage ramp was not only possible, but that it provided a less expensive alternative to a lift. The models also show the visual impacts of the two options.
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First Parish Church Chelmsford, Massachusetts 2009-2010
site and existing conditions documentation master planning and programming grant proposal life safety and accessability assessment zoning and code assessment cost estimating Clockwise from left: Aerial view of project site; The site plan below shows a new education and community wing to replace a 1960â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s addition to the historic meeting house; This project focused intently on increasing worship, education, and socializing space for a growing spiritual community.
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After extensive envelope and structural documentation, the first step of the project was to allocate funds to stabilize the historically significant clock tower. Based on field documentation and drawings, MTS provided details and assistance preparing a grant application for local and state preservation funds.
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This project also included a detailed program and needs assessment. These diagrams were developed to assess the exising space plan and gross square footage of both the existing facility and the proposed additional program.
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Based on site visits, interviews, and existing conditions documentation, several options were investigated to arrive at the proposed schematic design. This process considered program needs, zoning, code and accessibility requirements, exploring the options through sketches, computer drafting, Photoshop and Indesign, and Revit modeling.
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CURRENT OPTION A OPTION B OPTION C SCHEMATIC DESIGN
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COMMUNITY
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This page illustrates two ways of gathering programming information. The graph above is a quantitative comparison of several schematic design options, specifically the floor area allocated to the program groups. At left, the photo was taken during a meeting with the community to talk about their space needs. Both approaches are valuable, but there is no substitute for a personal approach to the community and their needs.
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Tremont Nail Factory Wareham, Massachusetts 2009-2010
conditions assessment preservation roof scope project details
The historic Tremont Nail Factory is a collection of mill-era industrial buildings in need of extensive preservation. The first phase is a roof stabilization project to prevent further deterioration before the adaptive re-use project is phased in the coming years. Roof stabilzation began with a detailed site assessment and roofing construction document set.
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INSTALL VENT PIPE NEW METAL DRIP AND RAKE FLASHING AT ROOF PERIMETER.
7 OPTIONAL EXISTINGSEALANT MEMBRANE
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BUILDING - ROOF PLAN
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NOT TO SCALE
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MATCH EXISTING THROAT BELOW CEMENT WASH OVER TOP OF MASONRY MATCH EXISTING CORBELLING
REBUILD TO 15 BRICK COURSES
REPOINT EXISTING MASONRY BELOW REBUILT SECTION TO ROOF DECK
Considering that the buildings are structurally sound, the first priority was placed on restoring weathered and deteriorated roofing and cladding systems. Details (left) illustrate some of the fundamental (and economical) strategies for building stabilization which match the character of the existing structures.
ROOF RIDGE BEYOND
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TREMONT NAIL FACTORY 8 ELM STREET WAREHAM, MA 02571
NEW UNDERLAYMENT NEW ICE AND WATER PROTECTION
Architect:
NEW METAL DRIP EDGE
menders, torrey & spencer, inc. architecture preservation
NEW PAINTED WOOD TRIM TO MATCH EXISTING
NEW SHEET-METAL COUNTERFLASHING; OVERLAP STEP FLASHING MIN . 2"
EXISTING CONSTRUCTION
NEW 3-TAB ASPHALT SHINGLES AT MONITOR HEADWALL
METAL FASTENERS
123 North Washington Street Boston, MA 02114 t. 617.227.1477 f. 617.227.2654 www.mendersarchitects.com Structural Engineer:
EXISTING SHEATHING TO REMAIN
NEW SHEET-METAL FLASHING W/ HEMMED EDGE
Coastal Engineering Company, Inc. 260 Cranberry Highway Orleans, MA 02653 t. 508.255.6700
APPROX. 4" MEP: Vlachos Associates, Inc. Michael Vlachos 123 Pine Ridge Road Reading, MA 01867 t. 617.429.8886
NEW 3-TAB ASPHALT SHINGLES AT MONITOR HEADWALL SEALING STRIPS
FASTENER NEW SHEET-METAL FLASHING
NEW ASPHALT SHINGLES
NEW UNDERLAYMENT TURNED UP AT HEADWALL
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NEW ICE AND WATER PROTECTION TURNED UP AT HEADWALL EXISTING SHEATHING TO REMAIN
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EXISTING SHEATHING TO REMAIN; SEE DETAIL NOTE FOR EXCEPTIONS
EXISTING CONSTRUCTION LOWER EDGE OF FLANGE OVERLAPS SHINGLES
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NEW WATERPROOF VALLEY UNDERLAYMENT
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ISSUE: RE-INSTALL EXISTING WOOD SHINGLES TO OVERLAP COUNTERFLASHING METAL FASTENERS
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NOT TO SCALE
131 April 1 - For Bidding
While these buildings are battered and weathering, they remain excellent examples of early New England industrial construction. These humble details are just a first step in preserving them for future generations.
NEW ASPHALT SHINGLES NEW UNDERLAYMENT SEALING STRIPS
3 4"
CO EX NS IST TR IN UC G TI ON
NEW WATER AND ICE DAM PROTECTION MEMBRANE
SEE DETAIL NOTE STARTER COURSE FASTENERS APPROX. 12" O.C. STRIPPING PLY UP TO 3 4" OVERHANG W/ L-TYPE METAL DRIP EDGE
DETAIL NOTE:
FASTENERS APPROX. 12" O.C.
1. WATER AND ICE MEMBRANE SHOULD EXTEND 36" MIN. FROM EXTERIOR WALL LINE ON LOW SLOPE APPLICATIONS
1
132
L-TYPE METAL DRIP EDGE NEW ALUMINIUM GUTTER (ONLY AT LOCATIONS INDICATED ON ROOFPLAN, SHEET A101)
DETAIL - EAVE W/GUTTER AND ICE & WATER PROTECTION, TYP.
NOT TO SCALE
Fairbanks & Perry Goldsmiths Concord, Massachusetts 2009-2010
conceptual design through construction administration precedents study program and space needs materials and finishes ceiling plan and lighting millwork design and details
Fairbanks and Perry asked for a design which was both workshop and retail spaceâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;a collaborative space in which their customers could see the process and craft of jewelry design and fabrication. With the jewelers moving into a new space across the street from their existing location, the project required refitting an existing, narrow clothing shop into a working studio. And that meant a full assessment of the tools and practices of jewelry-making. The jewelerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s desk (above) was the driving image of the design.
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Besides the jeweler’s desk, several other sources informed the inital conceptual designs. The pencil colors represent the clients’ desires to create a working design studio atmosphere in the new retail space which generated the idea of a visual connection between retail and fabrication zones. The rings (right) are the jewelers’ designs. The precedent images (below right) demonstrate strategies for creating displays in narrow floorplans and integrating non-traditional jewerly showcases with furniture for a less-formal retail environment.
Opposite page: Space analysis diagrams were needed to summarize the area requirements of the clients’ equipment, the area of the existing retail space, and compare those quantities to the new location.
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN SPACE-USE ANALYSIS
private
semipublic
public
864 gsf 24
36
9 INDEPENDENCE COURT | EXISTING FLOOR AREA
49
1120 gsf 20
15
16
5 33
32 MAIN STREET | NEW FLOOR AREA
4 20 36
design work retail display
PROGRAM WORK SURFACES | EXISTING LINEAR FEET 135
FAIRBANKANDPERRY
FAIRBANKANDPERRY
SCHEMATIC DESIGN OPTION A
SCHEMATIC DESIGN OPTION B
32 MAIN STREET | CONCORD, MASSACHUSETTS
retail
design pos
workspace
staff
32 MAIN STREET | CONCORD, MASSACHUSETTS
retail
pos design
workspace
staff
SECTION | OPTION A
SECTION | OPTION B
pos retail
design
pos
retail
workspace
design
workspace
staff
staff
PROGRAM DIAGRAM | OPTION A
Above left to right: conceptual design options in section, plan, and program diagram to compare alternative arrangements of public, semipublic, and private areas. Option D was selected because it allowed the public (retail) and semipublic (workshop) programs to operate side-by-side.
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private
semipublic
FLOOR PLAN | OPTION B
public
private
semipublic
public
FLOOR PLAN | OPTION A
PROGRAM DIAGRAM | OPTION B
FAIRBANKANDPERRY
FAIRBANKANDPERRY
SCHEMATIC DESIGN OPTION C
SCHEMATIC DESIGN OPTION D
32 MAIN STREET | CONCORD, MASSACHUSETTS
retail design
retail pos
workspace
32 MAIN STREET | CONCORD, MASSACHUSETTS
retail design
staff
retail pos
retail workspace
staff
SECTION | OPTION C
SECTION | OPTION D
retail
retail
design pos
workspace
staff design pos
workspace
staff
semipublic PROGRAM DIAGRAM | OPTION C
private
FLOOR PLAN | OPTION D
public
private
semipublic
public
FLOOR PLAN | OPTION C
PROGRAM DIAGRAM | OPTION D
Below left to right: Various model views used to develop the spatial arrangements of the conceptual designs.
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Section
Plan
Reflected Ceiling Plan
Construction documents were developed from the initial concepts to include a detailed lighting plan designed to enhance the display of finished jewelry while providing a well-lit workspace. A lighting plan for a mix of indirect lighting and downlighting to create different zones in the space while emphasizing the long wall of the retail area opposite the studio.
138
This page: Material and finish studies during the design phases guided the selection of finished woods and crimson accent. The wash on this page was done by the client and matched in the finish schedule. Next page: The final details for the custom point of sale desk and the series of sketches that were required during the construction administration phase to coordinate the desk design, field conditions, and shop drawings.
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Peabody Institute Library Peabody, Massachusetts 2010-2011
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permitting documentation 3($%2'< 0$66$&+ ceiling plan design and details construction administration, coordination with trades dormer/roofing design and details coordinatin with structural engineer'250(5 9,(: 678',(6 and HVAC
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1(: 3523 '250(5 /2&$7,21 Top: Views of the Peabody Institute Library, project scopes includes HVAC retrofits and lighting design within an historic structure. Above: Coffer and lighting plan based on fixed length integrated cove light system.
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This page: The lighting design for the library required extensive product research and coordination with electrical contractors. These studies were developed to size coffered ceiling trays and fixed length cove fixtures to provide even light coverage and ensure problemfree field installation. Opposite page: A time lapse sequence of the lighting/coffered ceiling installation from start to finish. Due to existing plumbing and mechanical restrictions and new HVAC requirements, the ceiling and lighting plan had to be closely coordinated with all trades during design and construction administration.
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BEFORE
AFTER
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Details of new cove light system and integrated duct/ceiling coffers in historic library.
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The project also called for new roof penetrations to accomodate new HVAC equipment. The detail (left) shows a new dormer to house a 4â&#x20AC;&#x2122;x8â&#x20AC;? prefabricated metal louver system.
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Brookline Banks
Burlington and Wellesley, Massachusetts 2010-2011
existing conditions through construction administration storefront details ceiling plans and cove lighting back-of-house space planning and layouts
The new lobby of Brookline Bank, Burlington. The project was a refit of a gutted, existing retail space to suit the needs of the expanding bank franchise. Materials and finishes here begin to define the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;lookâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of the bank branches.
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The Brookline Bank series of projects focused on creating a bank identity within the everyday domestic spaces of our neighborhoods. In that sense, the brand is very â&#x20AC;&#x153;localâ&#x20AC;?. Our challenge was to help portray this commercial identity while fitting in with scale of the existing locations. Left: An existing retail space changes hands again.
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Left: Floor finish plan for the Burlington Branch. Right: The lighting plan. This design features a strong relationship between the two plans to create a sequenced approach to the teller desk.
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The ceiling plan required several details to negotiate plane changes and lighting requirements. The sequence of photos above shows the framing required to create the final ceiling plan. Details (bottom) illustrate some of the various configurations necessary to integrate the lighting systems and ceiling plane changes.
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Some of the most valuable lessons learned from this project (and other bank projects) were practical, mundane, but fundamentally important. Top to bottom: Staff accessibility and space requirements for commercial buildings; life safety systems and requirements; security issues; accessibility needs for the public.
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The narrow existing shell of the bankâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new Wellesley branch required a similar strategy of using light and finishes to shape the public spaces around staff workstations. Unlike the Burlington location, we designed partitions with less glazing to facilitate more staff privacy while maintaining important visual connections between the staff and customers.
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The transformation from empty shell (top) to vibrant workplace (above). Interior partition details (right) illustrate the various conditions for providing acoustically insulated workspaces with glazed visual connections to the public lobby.
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Richards Building
Boston Public Health Commission Long Island, Massachusetts 2010-2011 envelope assessment report to city of boston (public project) cost estimating and quanitity take-offs coordination with structural and hazardous materials assessments coordination with independant cost estimator
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Richards Building Renovation
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Long Island, Boston, Massachusetts PFD Project No. 6930
Schematic Design Phase Submission - 9.14.10
The Richards Building is an historic building owned by the City of Boston. Located on Long Island in Boston Harbor and exposed to decades of weather and maintence deferments, the building was in need of critical envelope rehabilitation.
Report Prepared For:
Report Prepared By:
Property & Construction Management Department, Boston Public Facilities Department 26 Court Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108
Menders, Torrey and Spencer, Inc. 123 North Washington Street Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Ph: 617.227.1477
Contents:
Key:
Page #
Roof Plans
2-5
Basement Plans
6-9
First Floor Plans
10-13
Second Floor Plans Elevations
LIFE SAFETY (PURPLE)
SEVERE (RED)
14
DETERIORATED (BLUE)
15-26
NOTE: SEE GRAPHIC SCALE ON DRAWING WHERE PROVIDED GRAPHIC SCALES GIVEN FOR APPROXIMATION ONLY; FIELD
153
RICHARDS BUILDING WEST WING - NORTH ELEVATION
F
1590 sf (incl areaway not shown) a
b
154
Page 23 of 26 a
b
c
d
e
f
f
d
c
e
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Previous page and this page: An sample page of the graphic report created for the schematic assessment submittal to the City of Boston, Property and Construction Management Department. The graphic report integrates condition survey data, locus plans for scope of work, drafted elevations, quantity take-offs for materials estimates, and photographs from the field.
735 sf
a
a
280 sf
280 sf
255 sf
b
65 sf
65 sf
255 sf
b
54 sf
RICHARDS BUILDING
54 sf
c
CENTER PAVILION - SOUTH ELEVATION (ENTRANCE)
c d
216 sf
216 sf
80 sf
A
70asf
55 sf 50 sf (not shown)
55 sf
c
d
25 sf
b
25 sf
345 sf e
f
156
50 sf (not shown)
HEAD H
d
T C JE H O RT PR NO c b d
a Richards Building Renovation Long Island, Boston, Massachusetts PFD Project No. 6930
Schematic Design Phase Submission c Project Cost Estimates Rev.: November 15, 2010
Budget A - Full Project Scope Description
Division
BASEMENT Takeoff Quantity
Cost/Unit
DIVISION 1 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1
Base Cost
Alternate Cost
(Severe/Life Safety)
(Deteriorated)
0.00
0.00
General Conditions Project super Project engineer Bonds
The envelope survey also included an assessment of stuctural issues (above) resulting from water infiltration and site drainage. The survey data and recommendations described the basis for the rehabilitation budget proposal (excerpt left) which was organized using Master Spec format.
Dumpsters Trucking (yard) Temp Fence
Reference Subtotals Below
Office trailer Lift Crane Signs Water Temp Elec TOTAL DIVISION 1 DIVISION 2 - EXISTING CONDITIONS 2
Selective Structure Demolition
Remove basement partition walls
48
lf
Basement footings & columns
22
ea
2,000.00 300.00
Remove access ramp and steps Remove aluminum gutters
230
ea
6,600.00
ls
500.00
ls
5,000.00
lf
500.00
Misc. basement-level equipment removal & disposal TOTAL DIVISION 2
14,600.00
0.00
DIVISION 3 - CONCRETE 3
Cast-in-Place Concrete New accessible ramp and landing
165
sf
75.00
/sf
12,375.00
Infill perimeter voids at floor slab w/ crushed stone
200
lf
20.00
/lf
4,000.00
TOTAL DIVISION 3
16,375.00
0.00
DIVISION 4 - MASONRY 4
Maintenance of Unit Masonry
Unit Masonry
Repoint select masonry areas (Severe)
9,960
sf
22.00
/sf
Repoint remaining masonry areas (Deteriorated)
1,532
sf
22.00
/sf
180
sf
100.00
/sf
260
sf
80.00
5
ea
600.00
ea
3,000.00
21
lf
238.00
/lf
4,998.00
Replace missing brick at selected locations Rebuild masonry at areas damaged by tree growth Interior - misc. basement level arch repair
Maintenance of Stone Assemblies
TOTAL DIVISION 4
Infill w/unit masonry at boarded-up window openings Repair/replace selected stone window sills Remove & reinstall parapet stone cap at main building w/ lead Tcaps
219,120.00
33,704.00
18,000.00
20,800.00
265,918.00
33,704.00
157 11/15/2010
Page 1 of 4
Herrera Residence Newton, Massachusetts 2010-2011
conceptual design through construction documents residential code research zoning and permitting documents structural/civil/contractor coordination client correspondence
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In this residential project (existing building left), the clients asked for an addition to accomodate a growing family as well as a garage somewhere on the corner lot. Early conceptual models were used to test site concepts and forms that fit the clientsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; needs and preferences.
159
This series of sketches show the evolution of the designâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main features: the porch, the kitchen, the family room, and the mudroom.
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As important as the development of the floorplan was the expolration of sectional relationships between the existing building and the new addition.
161
Interior renders to visualize sightlines and spaial relationships between the new kitchen, porch, and family room.
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This elevation was developed to submit to the local HistoricCommision and Town of Newton for approval and permitting.
When the structural engineer indicated that he would not be able to draft framing and foundation plans for at accessory garage (below) for several weeks beyond the deadline, the architects created the plans and with the engineerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s review and approval, sent them on for permitting.
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Fundamental envelope details for residential construction.
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P ALL EXISTING IFS , ACRYLIC CTURERS STRATES PER
Brookline Bank Arlington, Massachusetts 2011
zoning research permitting submissions ceiling design exterior renders construction documents
COLOR #1 COLOR #2 COLOR #3
RMINED AT TIME RATION
COLOR #3 OPEN TO EXISTING DRIVE-THRU
1
OPEN TO EXISTING DRIVE-THRU
COLOR #4
EAST ELEVATION
1/4" = 1'-0"
COLOR #1
COLOR #2 COLOR #3 COLOR #3
COLOR #4
2
NORTH ELEVATION
1/4" = 1'-0"
COLOR #1
COLOR #2 COLOR #3 COLOR #3
COLOR #4
3
WEST ELEVATION
1/4" = 1'-0"
COLOR #1
COLOR #1
COLOR #2 COLOR #3
COLOR #4
4
SOUTH ELEVATION
1/4" = 1'-0"
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The new Brookline Bank, Arlington Branch required several rounds of zoning research and submittal; particular concern was paid to signage regulations which are relatively strict in the Town of Arlington. The proposed (and approved) design removed non-compliant signs and replaces them with a building mounted sign.
NEW STANDING SIGN, REMOVE SMALL SIGN
REMOVE EXISTING STANDING SIGN FROM PROHIBITED ZONE IAW ZONING BYLAW SECTION 7.074c
NO SIGN AT CHURCHILL AVE. FACADE
NEW PARAPETMOUNTED BUILDING SIGN AT NEW ENTRY CANOPY
0
10
20
40
1-3"1'-3"
AERIAL VIEW FOR SIGN PERMIT PROPOSAL
1'-3"1'-3"
PART
1/4" = 1'-0
1
TYPICA
2
SECURE
NON-RATED
NON-RATED
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G:\Projects\ACTIVE PROJECTS\1021.00 Arlington, Brookline Bank\4 - CD\1021_A100.dwg
4.08.11_5:05pm - khorne
2
3
1
FLOOR PLAN 1/4" = 1'-0"
3
INFILL P
NON-RATED
PART
1 1/2" = 1
The renders here show proposed storefront systems and the addition of a new parapet and building-mounted sign.
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G:\Projects\ACTIVE PROJECTS\1021.00 Arlington, Brookline Bank\4 - CD\1021_A400.dwg
4.08.11_5:06pm - khorne
This project offered some challenges due to the low, existing ceiling height and deep bar-joists. The ceiling plan had to be coordinated closely with HVAC and electrical fixture requirements. For this branch, a slim-profile flourescent light was selected to allow a lighting layout would not conflict with the existing roof deck structure.
2
DETAIL - TELLER LINE 105 SOFFIT
1 1/2" = 1'-0"
2 A400
1
REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
1/4" = 1'-0"
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MIT Lab Proposal MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 2011
program assessment conceptual designs proposal renders
170
In response to an informal proposal opportunity (the client was just looking for some ideas at the time), a conceptual model and these renders were developed over a two day period. They were included as vignettes in a short proposal of conceptual ideas for relocating a faculty department at MIT.
171
The concept called for glazing (translucent and transparent) some sections of a long corridor to offer visual links between workspaces, the conference room, and group areas.
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Brookline Bank Medford, Massachusetts 2011
schematic design through construction administration rfi-submittal reviews hc toilet revisions coordinating materials and finishes with client millwork shop drawing review
Circa 1932 blueprints of the late 19th century bank building. This project provides critical preservation and upgrades to the existing building.
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The scope of work included exterior masonry repairs and a new entry canopy, life safety and accessibility upgrades, and new staff workspaces in the historic banking hall.
Public access diagram.
Interior elevation of new workspace partitions.
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175
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Preservation requires a balance between new work, new materials and existing historic details. It is not always an easy job. As buildings change hands and purposes over time, the architect has to decide how to find that balance between economy, image, and preservation. Opposite page: Details for the new entry with traditional ornamental profiles. Below: Restoration and re-programming of the historic bank hall entrance.
177
Revisions are what happen when an innocent looking existing wall turns out to be packed with building plumbing or the accessible restroom partition is built three inches too narrow. In this case, both of those things happened at the same proposed accessible restroom, resulting in several site visits and a few more revisions.
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The Brookline Bank projects are works in progressâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;not only for bank and the buildersâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;but for me as an intern architect. Every project offers a chance to learn and reveals another layer of the complex practice of making buildings.
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Colophon
Segment II: 2010 -2011 Academic and Practice Portfolio Academic and Professional Work of: Matthew Schexnyder Master of Architecture Program, Boston Architectural College 1st Edition Boston, May 2011
Thanks to: Takuma Ono Darina Zlateva Thaddeus Jusczyk Mary Hale Evangelos Kotsioris William Melcher Tatiana Berger Amir Mesgar John Piling Jennifer McGrory Menders Torrey & Spencer, Inc. Copyright Disclaimer: All material, plans, diagrams, and illustrations produced in this portfolio are copyright of the author. All original material, photos, plans, illustrations, and texts and trademarks are copyright of their respective owners. This portfolio was compiled strictly for educational purposes. It is not meant to be reproduced in any way without permission of the respective copyright owners.