RETRO DECMBER 2013
ADD A POP OF FUN VINTAGE FLAIR
USING PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS OF DESIGN IN YOUR HOME
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TABLE OF CONTENTS • • • • -
DESIGN THESIS……………………………….. 4 ABOUT THE EDITOR………………………….. 5 ELEMENTS OF DESIGN LINE…………………………………………… 6 TEXTURE……………………………………… 10 LIGHT…………………………………………. 14 COLOR…………………………………...…… 18 SPACE…………………………….…………… 22 SHAPE……………………...…………………. 26 FORM…………………...…………………….. 30 PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN BALANCE………….………………………….. 34 HARMONY …..……………………………….. 38 EMPHASIS...…………………………………… 42 MASS…..………………………………………. 45 RHYTHM……………………………………….. 48 PROPORTION……….………………………… 52 SCALE……………..…………………………… 55 3
DESIGN THESIS I WOULD LOVE TO GREAT DESIGN SHARE MY PASSION FOR SHOULD EVOKE AN EMOTION AND CREATE AN BOTH ART AND DESIGN IN EXPIRIENCE FOR A PERSON THIS MAGAZINE. I WANT TO SHOW OFF THE FUN, FUNKY WHILE STILL BEING IDEAS AND WORKS OF FUNCTIONAL. A PERSON MAY WALK INTO A ROOM DESIGN THAT CAME FROM THE PAST AND SHOW HOW AND FEEL RELAXED IN A SPACE WITH COOL MUTED RELEVANT THEY ARE TODAY. COLORS, OR ONE MAY FEEL BY EXPLAINING BOTH EXCITED IN A ROOM WITH THE ELEMENTS AND BRIGHT COLORS AND BOLD PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN I FURNITURE. WHATEVER THE HOPE TO LEAVE THE READER EXPIRIENCE MAY BE, IT IS SO WITH A BETTER EXCITING TO THINK THAT A UNDERSTANDING AND PERSON CAN BE APPRECIATION FOR THEIR TRANSPORTED TO A HOMES WHICH, WITH DIFFERENT PLACE, TO A CREATIVITY, CAN BE A BLANK DIFFERENT FEELING, SIMPLY CANVAS THAT CAN BE MADE BY WALKING INTO A ROOM. INTO A WORK OF ART. 4
ABOUT THE EDITOR MY NAME IS MATTHEW BRACKETT AND I AM FROM GREENSBORO NORTH CAROLINA. MY MOTHER IS FROM THE NORTH AND MY DAD IS FROM THE SOUTH SO FROM A VERY YOUNG AGE I WAS EXPOSED TO MANY DIFFERENT IDEAS AND TRADITIONS. I FIRST FELL IN LOVE WITH ART IN HIGH SCHOOL, TAKING MANY DIFFERENT ART CLASSES ALL FOUR YEARS. I LOVED SO MUCH VISITING ART MUSEUMS, SEEING AMAZING SCULPTURES AND ARCHETECTURAL MASTERPIECES, ESPECIALLY WHEN VISITING NEW YORK CITY. FOR MY SENIOR YEAR PROJECT I SHADOWED A FAMILY FRIEND WHO IS A RESIDENTIAL INTERIOR DESIGNER AND HAD SUCH A
FABULOUS EXPIRIENCE, I JUST HAD TO PERSUE IT IN COLLEGE. MY GOAL IS TO MAKE A LIVING DOING WHAT MAKES ME HAPPY. NOTHING MAKES ME HAPPIER THAN BEING CREATIVE, BEING SURROUNDED BY DESIGN AND INOVATIVE WAYS OF THINKING AND THAT’S WHAT INTERIOR DESIGN IS ALL ABOUT.
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LINE
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STRAIGHT/HORIZONTAL LINES Line is the most basic element of design and is a part of everything we see. Straight lines are not only one of the first building blocks of creating art, but also in creating an interior space. A straight line can define a space, add pattern to textiles, give interest to flooring and set the over all mood. Horizontal lines are used in a room to create a calm feeling or a feeling of serenity. For instance, painting horizontal stripes on the walls will lead the eye to the whole perimeter and is relaxing. Adding stripes can bring a personal, fun flair while also being modern.
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VERTICAL LINES Using vertical lines draw the eye up in an interior. And can make a shorter ceiling look taller. Vertical lines give a sense of strength and sophistication. Using vertical lines would seem to be appropriate in an office or a formal space. striped wall paper has been used in design for a very long time and can be considered both outdated or vintage. Using vertical stripes sparingly and in an appropriate, modern way can bring a room together visually.
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CURVED FLOWING LINES Curved Flowing Lines are associated more with organic forms in modern architecture and interior design. Modernism in design sought to bring new ideas into interiors, one of which would be to bring nature into a man-made building. A long, flowing, curved line brings interest and diversity as well as balance. Flowing lines can be layered or put together to make abstract patterns that can be reminiscent of an organic form.
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TEXTURE
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TACTILE TEXTURE Tactile texture, or ‘surface quality real texture’ refers to the way a surface or material feels to the touch. Things such as fabrics, window treatments, wall, ceiling and flooring materials, furniture will all have a specific tactile texture when touched. It is the goal of a successful design to use a variety of textures to stimulate interest. Tactile
texture must also be used thoughtfully when giving function to a space. Smooth, hard textures would be used in kitchens and baths because they are easy to clean, while soft fabrics and linen would be used in a bedroom because they are comfortable for sleep. These spaces have a variety of textures in the walls, furniture, and rug.
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IMPLIED TEXTURE Implied texture refers trees or touch the clouds. to the way other elements Textiles can show of design work together to implied texture in interiors create the illusion of a tactileas well. Patterns are the key texture. in creating a texture-like The Starry Night by effect. Van Gogh is an excellent example of showing implied texture. The use of short brush strokes and bright highlights gives the illusion of a rough texture, as if you can feel the foliage on the
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REFLECTIVE TEXTURE If a surface has a focusing light on it. reflective texture, it simply Reflective surfaces can reflects the light that is cast include mirrors, tile, glass, on it, it may also reflect the and porcelain as well as image like a mirror. many others. Reflective surfaces Glossy finishes can be can balance out an area added to materials like hard with all matte finishes. wood flooring to add a Emphasis can be brought to reflective texture as well. a reflective surface by
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LIGHT 14 http://media.liveauctiongroup.net/i/11753/11949083_1.jpg?v=8CEB04BAC819D70
NATURAL
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Natural light may be one of the most important things to me in a space. Natural light gives a great atmosphere to a room, enhancing the mood. There is one main way to get natural light into a space and that is through windows and sky lights. In mid-century modern design, walls were often replaced with vast
windows letting in as much sunlight as possible, bringing the outside in. This was part of the movement toward more organic thinking in design. Natural light, however, reveals colors in a different way than artificial light sources, so it is important to choose paint colors during the day time. 15
ART Art lighting is simply a light source meant to add emphasis and highlight works of art in an interior. Art lighting is very common in public areas and museums but can also be used in residences if desired. Both 2-D designs on walls and 3-D sculptures can be lit by small, concentrated lights to accentuate it’s qualities.
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FLOOR LAMPS Lamps in general are a very quick and easy way to add necessary light to a space as they can be placed anywhere in a room. Floor lamps provide more permanent, full light. Floor lamp design can be as broad and creative as works of art; some of the most iconic floor lamp designs came from the 1950’s-70’s and are utilized today in modern design as retro pieces. A great floor lamp should be functional as well thoughtfully designed. These are some examples of retro lamps brought back en vogue today.
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COLOR
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MONOCHROMATIC
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A monochromatic color “One of the appealing things scheme uses only one color about a monochromatic as well as different hues of it. interior is that colors you'd A monochromatic color think would be too scheme in an interior is overpowering on their own something that has been seen become more demure when as bold and eccentric, used en masse. The sheer although this is true, there quantity dilutes their ability are ways to bring in a to shock and makes even a monochromatic color scheme strong color, like acid green, in a modern, toned-down feel� (Houzz.com). way, while still being bold and fun. Designer Amy Lau says, 19
NEUTRAL PALETTE A neutral palette consists of muted colors closely related to colors found in nature. Colors like gray, toupee, white, muted blues and greens as well as brown earth tones. Spaces with a neutral palette give a calming, zen-like feel and can show sophistication. It is also common to have a neutral palette room with an accent of a bold color to draw emphasis to a piece or area.
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ANALOGOUS Analogous colors are three or more colors in a row, next to each other, on the color wheel. Examples of an analogous color scheme would be purple, blue and red or red, yellow and orange, etc. Like a monochromatic color scheme, this combination is bold, but in the eyes of a good designer, the color elements in the room can be used so that the colors are not overwhelming.
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SPACE 22 media.liveauctiongroup.net/i/11830/12022079_1.jpg?v=8CEBB26722F4330
POSITIVE SPACE Positive space refers to the basic subject or subjects in the foreground of a work of art, design or space. In an interior, the positive space could be furniture as the main subject.
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In this drawing, the positive space is represented by the white outline of the yellow vase. 23
NEGATIVE SPACE Negative space refers to the background, behind the subjects in a work of art or Design. In the case of an interior, the negative space might be the walls, floors, ceilings in which the positive spaces of objects are placed in.
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In this drawing the negative space would be the white of the sky behind the positive space of the black tree
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CROWDING TERRITORIALITY Crowding and territoriality are physiological aspects of interior design that must be thought of when planning a space and what goes in it and where. Crowding can occur when there is not enough circulation room between pieces of furniture. A person would become overwhelmed and not be comfortable. There can also be over cluttering of decoration, over stimulating the senses leading to discomfort. Territoriality refers to the nature we have as humans to place things and sort them according to what we subconsciously believe to belong to us. This is important to consider when designing a living space as well (healthandfitnessbay). This space has over crowding of clutter making the space stressful and not functional.
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SHAPE 26
ABSTRACT Abstract Modernism, expressionism is defined especially in it’s beginning, as, used abstract shapes in furniture design, textile “ an artistic movement of the mid-20th patters, and in many other century comprising diverse aspects of the interior. styles and techniques and Abstract art has always emphasizing especially an been a source of inspiration for modern artist's liberty to convey designers. attitudes and emotions through nontraditional and usually nonrepresentational means.”- Mirriam-Webster Dictionary An abstract shape can be anything expressed by the designer. It can convey and emotion or idea simply by creating a shape with a line that closes in on itself.
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GEOMETRIC
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Geometric shapes makes space planning are those we are most easier. We also use familiar with. They are the geometric shapes in the art most basic shapes such as and textiles we choose. squares, rectangles, They can be used in octagons, and other shapes patterns like this example with many sides. Geometry of some vintage modern is a part of every day life wall paper. Furniture design for every one, especially in relies heavily on geometric design. shapes as well. Almost all objects and factors of an interior can be broken down into a geometric shape. This 28
NATURAL/ORGANIC Natural and organic shapes are shapes that are found in nature. They often have no set form and vary from object to object. It is very rare to find straight lines in nature. like curved, flowing lines, organic shapes are utilized especially in modern design to bring nature indoors to create a calm or serenity.
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These supermodern designs are examples of natural and organ shapes being used in new and inventive ways.
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FORM 30 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=&
ABSTRACT Form is just shape in three dimensions. An abstract form can be expressed just as an abstract shape can be, with varying lines and shapes like a combination of geometric angles and curved lines. In art, shape would relate to a painting while form would relate to sculpture. Abstract sculpture is prominent in modernism.
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GEOMETRIC In an interior, a geometric form can be anything that is based around a geometric shape including furniture, cabinetry, appliances, etc. Anything with a solid, rigid form can be broken down into geometry. These are all examples of geometric forms in modern architecture, they bring an artistic style that can be the focal point of a space.
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NATURAL/ ORGANIC A natural or organic form can be utilized in a space literally or in an implied way. A sculpture can have an organic form while being made of metal or plastic, a non-organic material. Or a real natural form such as a plant or stone can be brought into a space. River rocks are natural forms that can be used in a space like a bathroom. It’s smooth surfaces create a calming effect just like an organic shape, it is irregular but flowing at the same time.
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BALANCE
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VISUAL SYMMETRY Visual symmetry is axis. achieved when the elements In interior design, of a design are balanced. symmetry is associated Symmetrical balance is more with classical design. when one part of the design Having uniform, formal is reflected exactly on the balance in a design was opposite side of an X or Y considered proper.
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VISUAL ASYMMETRY Visual asymmetry is the exact opposite of symmetry. An asymmetrical design has elements of the design that are unequal on an X or Y axis. Asymmetry usually occurs only in nature such as organic shapes and forms. Asymmetry is found more often in modern interior design, reflecting a more natural feel.
Untitled - Pablo Picasso. Artist: Pablo Picasso. Completion Date: 1923
Pablo Picasso used asymmetry in his portraits for abstraction. The work is still balanced because there is equal weight, just not exact on opposite sides of an axis 36
VISUAL RADIAL SYMMETRY Visual radial symmetry refers to symmetry that occurs in many different axis coming from a single center point. Radial symmetry in interior design can occur in oval or circular rooms, round tables with chairs around it is also a good example of radial symmetry. An example of radial symmetry in nature would be a starfish. Each leg is the same as the other coming from the center of the body.
Radially . . .
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HARMONY
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UNITY THROUGH COLOR One of the most important ways to create unity in a design or space is by use of color. Kate Smith of SensationalColor.com says, “Harmony is nature’s way of saying two or more things together makes sense.” There is a science to using colors in a way that is aesthetically pleasing to the eye. Using color psychology involves utilizing all different types of color schemes like analogous, monochromatic, etc.
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VARIETY THROUGH FURNITURE It takes an off to create an exciting room appreciation for furniture with personality and craftsmanship and design to character. This space from understand how different Decoholic.com takes retro pieces work together. A industrial pieces and softens finished design with a variety the feel with a large tufted of furniture may create an classic couch. The weight of artistic, fun feel while still the pieces are balanced making sense. while still being widely different from each other. Being bold with furniture selections can pay Decoholic.com
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VARIETY THROUGH MODERN IN CONTRAST WITH OLD One way harmonized with to add interest contemporary or a personal elements. touch to a space is to use a variety of design styles. One of my favorite ideas is to use many different pieces of furniture in a clean modern space. Taking pieces from older periods in Harmonizing time and matching them architecture and modern pieces is interior design is a trend in design important as well today. It is and can be used to amazing how make a powerful well classical statement. It’s design can be common today to take an old, historic
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house, renovate it and create a super modern interior. In contrast, it is also common to take a modern house and fill it with vintage finds to create an 41 eclectic feel.
EMPHASIS
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FOCAL POINT-VISUAL Visual focal point refers to the element of a design that draws the most attention. This can be a loud accent color in a neutral room or a bold piece of artwork. Artworks in themselves usually have a focal point. It is very important in a well executed design to have the eye drawn to a specific point; it creates interest and Decoholic.com balance. The focal point of this kitchen would be the bright yellow lacquered cabinetry because it stands out from the rest of the cool whites and grays. 43
FOCAL POINTSTRUCTURAL A structural focal The eye should be point brings emphasis to a lead through a space to particular physical end up looking at the structure in a space. Unlike structural focal point. All a visual focal point, a other aspects of the design structural focal point would should emphasize and be something like a stair accent it. case, vaulted ceiling or a fireplace or any other kinds of architectural elements. Dgdesignnetwork.com
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MASS
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ACTUAL DENSITY Mass refers to the actual physical object in a design. It has matter so therefore it takes up physical space in a room. Massing and determining how to place objects with mass is an important part of interior design. Actual density refers to the actual touchable object in a space that can be arranged and placed.
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OPTICAL DENSITY Optical density refers to how much mass or density an object appears to have. A large, solid piece of furniture can appear to have a very high density but light in weight. When looking at a space it is important the at the optical density is evenly distributed and balanced.
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RHYTHM
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REPETITIVE Rhythm can be created using many different techniques. Repetition is one of the most common and simple ways to show rhythm. When something is repeated such as a shape, line, color etc., the eye follows the pattern creating rhythm and movement. Chairs at a dining room table is an example of a repetitive rhythm. They stand uniform in a row repeating over and over. Also patterns in textiles and fabrics can have a repetitive rhythm.
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TRANSITIONAL/FLOWING A transitional or flowing rhythm shows movement by gradually changing into something new. Instead of an element being repeated to create a beat, a gradient or gradual change of color, tone, shape, etc. is utilized to create the rhythm.
In this design the shapes are arranged in a line and the same impression is repeated but with a lighter, more translucent tone as it goes forth in the line of motion.
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CONTRAST A rhythm that shows contrast is similar to repetition. However, a contrasting pattern will have more variety of different motifs to be repeated unlike a classic repetitive pattern that usual has only one
repeated element. An example of this rhythm would be similar to an oriental rug. It has a contrast of different colors and shapes that repeat after one another to create a beat that is more subtle.
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PROPORTION
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OBJECT IN PROPORTION WITH SPACE Proportion is a principle of design where the masses in the composition of the design are scaled to one another that feels balanced and aesthetically pleasing. Proportion is defined by how the elements of the design relate to one another. Size, color, shape are all factors in determining weather or not a subject is proportional. A proportional composition usually has an evenly spread out mass with sizes relating to each other in a similar way. The golden ratio is shown here as a basic rule for a good proportion. 53
OBJECTS NOT IN PROPORTION WITH SPACE An object that is that is too big for the not in proportion with the space will make the space space it is in can throw off feel too small. It is the composition and give important to take into it an awkward or account mass and size of unpleasant feel. An object objects as well as the that is too small for its’ density. space will make the space feel too big while an object
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SCALE
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HUMAN SCALE Human scale refers be taken into account to to the size of something in be properly sized for a relation to human size. If person. a feature in architecture is Things that must of human scale, it will be also be to human scale appropriately sized to be are furniture pieces. A not too small or too big piece of furniture that is for the average human. larger than human scale Staircases, would be overwhelming hallways, ceiling/ door as one that is too small heights, and room sizes would be dysfunctional are all things that need to and uncomfortable.
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SYMBOLIC SCALE The symbol scale in include furniture, interior design is used for cabinetry, counter tops and drafting and space appliances. The symbols planning. The symbols are used to make sure the used are to scale with the appropriate sizes of space drawing in a floor furnishings are used. plan or blue print. Symbols
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