Schematic Design Report
Off the Grid Perth Hills Cabin
Matthew Burleigh - 20950992 ARCT4440 - Project Documentation Tutor: Jen Scott - Friday 2:00PM
Contents Introduction
01
Context and Site Analysis
02
Precedent Studies
04
Concept
05
Materiality
06
Technical Integration - Structural
07
Environmental Control Systems
08
Technical Integration - Control Systems
09
Passive Environmental Design Performance
10
Appendix - Roof Plan and Site Plan - Floor Plans - Elevations - Sections - Perspectives - Additional Regulations
11 12 13 14 15 16
Matthew Burleigh - 20950992
ARCT4440 - Project Documentation
Schematic Design Report
Introduction The Brief The brief calls for the design of a compact, yet comfortable cabin located in the hills to the East of Perth. This cabin is intended only to service a wife and husband sporadically throughout the year.
Total Ceiling Area: 43.13m2
The site in question is a hypothetical one; located in the hills east of Perth covering an area of 100 metres by 100 metres. The area consists of heavy bushland and possesses a 10 metre fall from south to north, allowing for excellent valley views to the north. Site access has been provided from a road along the southern boundary with parking available for 2 cars along this southern edge.
Total Second Floor Area: 11m2
Lastly, the site has been located outside the synergy electrical and gas grids as well as outside the water corporation’s sewage and water networks. As a result, passive sustainable design will be imperative and the systems utilised will be detailed further throughout the report.
Total First Floor Area: 7m2
Total Ground Floor Area: 14m2
Schedule of Accommodation - A maximum internal floor plan area of 32m2 - A maximum internal volume of 160m3 - Kitchen bench/sink/under bench refrigerator/microwave oven/ overhead cupboard: 2400w x 600d overall - Shower/basin/toilet/laundry: 3.4m2 minimum - Bed: 1880d x 1380w minimum - Robe: 1600w x 600d x 2400h minimum - Dining Table: 1 x 0.8m2 minimum - Dining chairs: 4 - Coffee table: 1 x 0.6m2 minimum - Lounge chairs: 4 + optional sofa/bed
External Decking Area: 40.5m2
Proposed Additions - two bedroom side tables - a television - additional shelving - under bathroom sink storage
Total Internal Floor Area: 32m2 Total Internal Volume: 77m3
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Context and Site Analysis Hypothetical Site Within Mundaring Although the site to be used remains a hypothetical one, it was deemed appropriate to choose a locality for the structure to fall under. When travelling along the Greater Eastern Highway, the suburb of Mundaring is located approximately 34km to the east of Perth and falls under the jurisdiction of the Shire of Mundaring. The cabin will be required to meet all necessary standards and guidelines imposed by the shire.
Annual Sun Path (Degrees)
Annual Temperature and Rainfall
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Annual Wind Direction (%)
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Context and Site Analysis
Located within the same suburb as the Mundaring Weir Dam
Suburb of Mundaring
Numerous off-road hiking tracks within the area
Occasionally rocky terrain
Rough dirt roads
Beautiful, hidden, native plant life everywhere
Untamed Australian bushland as far as the eye can see
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Precedent Studies Sol Duc Cabin - Tom Kundig
The Nest - William and David Yudchitz
Lodgepole Retreat - Arch11
MAZAMA Guest Cabin - Finne Architects
Moonlight Cabin - Jackson Clements Burrows
Kangaroo Valley House - Glenn Murcutt
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Concept
Following the Natural Gradient
Improved Spatial Layout and Circulation
Orientated North to Maximise Sunlight
Easily Locked Down and Shaded from the Sun
Cross-Ventilation
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Materiality Polished Concrete Floor
External Timber Cladding
External Corrugated Steel Cladding
Concrete has been utilised as the flooring system for both the ground and first floor in addition to acting as a slab for the building Concrete was chosen due to its ability to provide thermal massing.
When acquired through renewable practices, timber makes an excellent, sustainable cladding material. Additionally, it provides a more natural and warm feeling to the cabin’s presence.
In direct contrast with the timber, corrugated steel cladding has been used to create a contrast between the natural and man made. Additionally, it provides added strength and increased fire resistance where needed.
Corrugated Steel Roofing
Plywood
Glass
A typical, but effective staple of Australian construction. Corrugated steel roofing has been utilised as a cheap and easy roofing option in addition to aiding in natural water collection.
A strong, thin and effective internal cladding. Plywood adds a level of warmth and nature to the interior of the cabin. When sourced through renewable practices, it becomes an excellent sustainable option.
Glass has been utilised heavily throughout the structure in order to increase sunlight when possible. This results in effective passive heating during the colder months and increased natural lighting all year.
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Technical Integration - Structural
Legend 1. Solar Panel Support and Skylight box protrusion 2. Corrugated steel roofing 3. Roof Insulation 4. Roofing support beams 5. Timber board cladding 6. Wall Insulation 7. Plywood internal wall cladding 8. Timber board decking 9. Polished Concrete flooring and floor slab 10. Visible interior timber support columns 11. Stairs 12. Corrugated steel exterior wall cladding 13. Bifold glass doors 14. Windows
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Environmental Control Systems Water Supply and Waste Water
Energy Supply
Thermal Effects
- What is the expected demand? Perth average IWSS water use according to the Water Corporation as of 2015: 126,000 litres per annum per person 345 litres per day
- What is the expected demand? Cabin Appliances energy audit: Fridge: 0.59kWh/day Lights: 0.3kWh/day Kettle: 0.5kWh/day Toaster: 0.17kWh/day Ceiling Fan: 0.6kWh/day Dishwasher: 1.3kWh/day Oven: 1.5kWh/day Microwave: 0.25kWh/day Television: 1kWh/day
What is the expected load? As per the Building Code of Australia, Perth and its surrounding areas (including Mundaring) fall within the climate sub-zone 13. In addition to this, with the building’s relatively small internal plan dimensions of 32sqm, the structure is required to be designed to have an annual heating and cooling demand of no more than 70MJ/m2.annum Energy load (thermal).
By utilising the water saving options outlined at http://www.waterrating. gov.au/consumers/water-efficiency including the reduced need for garden sprinklers, it is estimated that water use can be lowered to approximately 250 litres per day. Due to the cabins usage as a “weekend” cabin, it can be stated that approximately 52,000 litres of water will be required annually for a cabin housing 2 people. - What Source can be used to supply this demand? Rainwater collection and Greywater reuse will serve as the primary sources of meeting the water demand stated. - What technologies will be used to accommodate these sources? Rainwater Collection: The roof of the structure collects water when it rains, after which it will be pressure pumped into a water storage tank located adjacent to the building. Recycling greywater: Used water is filtered and pumped into a drip irrigation system located within a garden adjacent to the cabin in which the greywater will be used to fertilise and water the naturally grown vegetables and plants within the garden. - What are the Regulations guiding its implementation? The rainwater harvesting system is required to be in compliance with The State health act of Western Australia, in addition to the Plumbing code. It is assumed that the system will acknowledge and comply with all relevant Australian Standards. The Greywater re-usage system will be required to be compliant with the guidelines and conditions laid out by the Western Australian Department of Health (2010) in addition to the Code of Practice for Reuse of Greywater. - How should the system be sized? With the aid of the (http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/eng/research/ civil/dtu/rwh/model/), it has been estimated that a 20,000 litre rainwater tank would be the optimal choice. This will provide 99% efficiency overall with 72% reliability and 74% satisfaction.
Total: 6.21kWh/day - What Source can be used to supply this demand? A solar energy harvesting system will be utilised. - What technologies will be used to accommodate these sources? A photovoltaic array, battery, regulator and inverter will be required to generate the electricity, store it and implement it throughout the structure. - What are the Regulations guiding its implementation? The solar energy harvesting system will be required to acknowledge and comply with Worksafe Western Australia during installation, and must be installed by a licensed contractor. In addition to this, the system will be required to comply with the guidelines set out by the Electricity Act WA. - How should the system be sized? Deep cycle lead acid battery efficiency: 75% Invert Operational Efficiency: 85% Daily energy requirements: 6.21kWh/day Daily loads plus inefficiencies: 6.21kWh / (0.75 x 0.8) = 10.35kWh/day Assuming horizontal solar radiation is 6h @ 1kW/m2, the required Photovoltaic array size will need to be: 10.35kWh / 6h x 1000 = 1,725 Watts. Using 6 x E20 Sunpower modules at 327 Watts each (1560 x 1050) will meet the requirements for energy. The battery has been sized for two days storage at 50% max discharge capacity at 24kWh. 48V DC is recommended for this system. Battery size = 24kWh / 48V = 500 Ah
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What technologies will be used? Concrete flooring has been used on the lower floors to provide thermal massing and help cool the building by absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night. Insulation has also been used within the majority of the walls and the roof in order to help maintain thermal comfort. The building has been designed with the ability to be left significantly open, allowing for natural air to flow through the building and provide additional cooling. It has also been designed so that these openings may be completely shaded from the sun, having the opposite effect and instead cooling the structure. The structure has been orientated in order to optimise sunlight throughout the day and increase air flow. - What are the Regulations guiding its implementation? All building elements must be compliant with the Building Code of Australia wherever relevant, or instead offer an alternative solution that may be considered compliant. All building elements must also meet the requirements set out by the Australian Standards. Where relevant, all elements must provide an R-value higher than, or equal to those described in the BCA. All glazed elements within the structure must meet the guidelines detailed further throughout the BCA in regards to energy efficiency.
A Note on Waste Disposal Any waste that may be generated within the cabin will be disposed of through an environmentally friendly and safe way. Waste water will be utilised to water the cabin’s surrounding vegetation within compliance with the Shire of Mundaring. All rubbish will be disposed of in appropriate waste bins and recycled wherever possible.
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Technical Integration - Environmental Control Systems Rainwater Collection
Greywater Reuse
Solar Energy Harvesting
1. Rain falls on roof 2. Water is collected in roof gutters and moved to water tank 3. 20,000L Rainwater storage tank stores collected water 4. Pressure accumulator tank 5. Water is used throughout the house.
6. Used water is sent to the coarse filter and surge tank 7. water is further filtered through sand filter with reeds 8. UV disinfection 9. Grey water roof tank storage 10. Grey water is used to water vegetation surrounding the cabin
11. Photovoltaic Panels collect solar energy from the sun 12. energy is sent to the regulator 13. Energy is collected in the batteries 14. Energy is sent from P.V array and batteries to the inverter 15. Electricity is sent to all appliances within the cabin
Waste 16. Waste bin for storing rubbish for future disposal
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Passive Environmental Design Performance Rainwater Collection All rainwater that falls upon the roof of the structure is collected and stored within a 20,000L water storage tank located adjacent to the cabin.
Cross-Ventilation All windows and doors within the cabin are easily opened and allow for air to flow throughout the entirety of the structure, resulting in additional cooling during warm days
Thermal Massing The lower floor has been constructed primarily of concrete allowing for it to act as a thermal mass. It absorbs heat during the day and releases it at night.
Solar Energy Collection 6 solar panels located on the roof of the structure harvest the sun’s energy and use it to power all the electrical appliances within the structure
North facing windows and glass doors The building has been orientated so that the majority of windows and glazed doors face to the north, allowing for sunlight to enter the structure all day as necessary.
Controllable shade A winch controlled window cover can be opened and closed as necessary to let in or block out the sun’s rays.
Retractable Shutters A panel of shutters controlled by a winch are able to be brought in front of the bi-fold doors allowing for protection from the sun as necessary.
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Appendix - Roof Plan and Site Plan
N
N
Roof Plan - 1:100
Site Plan - 1:500
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Appendix - Floor Plans
1 2
Schedule of Accommodation 1. Outdoor Patio 2. Coffee table/lounge chairs 3. Kitchen including overhead cupboards 4. Dining table and chairs 5. First floor Mezzanine 6. Washer and Dryer 7. Sink and under-sink storage 8. Shower 9. Toilet 10. Rainwater storage tank 11. Double bed 12. Wardrobe 13. Bedside tables
12
3
DN
4
UP DN
6
11
13
5 DN 7
8
13
5 9
DN
6
7
8
9
10
N
Ground and First Floor Plan - 1:100
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N
First and Second Floor Plan - 1:100
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Appendix - Elevations
Western Elevation - 1:100
Northern Elevation - 1:100
Eastern Elevation - 1:100
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Appendix - Sections Section 1 - 1:50
S1
Section 2 - 1:50
S2
UP DN
DN DN
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Appendix - Perspectives
Second Floor - Winter Solstice Perspective
Ground Floor - Winter Solstice Perspective
External Perspective
Second Floor - Summer Solstice Perspective
Ground Floor - Summer Solstice Perspective
Ground/First Floor - Winter Solstice Perspective
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Appendix - Previously Unmentioned Regulations
Building Code of Australia The proposed structure can be classified under construction type 1a as it is a single dwelling being a detached house and as a result will need to meet all requirements outlined throughout the building code of Australia appropriate to its type of construction. In the case that an element is deemed non-compliant, appropriate solutions must be proposed.
The Shire of Mundaring Before construction can commence on the project, the Shire of Mundaring must grant their approval for the division and sale of this particular piece of land. The lot will then need to be reclassified as residential bushland by the shire. The structure will need to be constructed and developed in a manner that remains environmentally friendly to the surrounding native bushland.
Bushfires Act of 1954 Due to the site’s location, the structure falls within a bush fire risk zone. As a result, the structure will be required to take into account the requirements outlined within the Bushfires Act of 1954. Due to the structure’s placement on a slope and the surrounding shrubbery, it is considered unlikely that serious fire could be prevented without impacting on the surrounding environment. However, the Bushfires Act of 1954, Section 33 will be taken into account regardless and appropiate fire preventative measures will be taken such as the installation of a sprinkler system upon the structure.
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