HERE
WALL
at the
Matthew Borner & Annie Ray Advised By Sekou Cooke Commitee Randall Korman, Jonathan Louie ARC 505 Thesis Preparation Fall 2015 Syracuse University
The Perception of Authoritarian Architecture
“We shape our buildings; thereafter they shape us” -Winston Churchill “All these sensations combine within one complex experience, which becomes articulate and specific… The building speaks through the silence of perceptual phenomena.” -Steven Holl
Matthew Borner & Annie Ray Advised By Sekou Cooke Commitee Randall Korman, Jonathan Louie ARC 505 Thesis Preparation Fall 2015 Syracuse University
Table of Contents
I. Contention II. Data III. Perception IV. Security V. The Wall VI. The Site VII. The Program VIII. Bibliography
I.
Today the United States accounts for five percent of the world’s population, but is responsible for twenty-five percent of the world’s incarcerated individuals. With incarceration rates on an exponential rise questions must be asked of the system that currently exists. A flawed structure that gurantees one in every two people who leave the system shall return to it. These rising rates of incarceration are redefining the human population and the society in which we live. Instead we must redefine the architectural and programmatic understanding of such a system. One that promotes rehabilitation before punishment and integration before isolation. The focus must be redirected to aiding the individual in their path to reentering society. The manifestation of this being that we must alter the perception society has toward the system and those that occupy it. In order to achieve this, the conceots of perception and security can be analyzed amd fused in various architectural contentions. Contentions which allow us to fundamentally change the way two previosuly segregated user groups interact with one another. The re-imagination of the wall not as a means of seperation but rather as a means of connection and inherent interaction. The Wall, a third user group, becomes the source of a previously nonexistent relationship. One where education fills the void left by the removal of stark segregation and promotes a new sense of mutual responsibility. Creating an environment in whihc the reality of recidivism can begin to dissipateand blur the lines between inside and outside.
Contention
II.
“It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data.� -Arthur Conan Doyle
Population of the World : 7.13b
Population of the U.S : 4.43%
Prisoners in the World : 10.2m
Prisoners in the U.S : 21.6%
Prisoners per 100,000 of the population (2015) 786 698 542 522
868
Total Numbers of Prisoners (2015) 26,500 60,346
510
57,337
492 463
2,200,000
577
55,618 667,546
452 449
304,916
The United States and Incarceration
The United States has less than 5 percent of the world’s population. But it has almost a quarter of the world’s prisoners. Indeed , the United States leads the world in producing prisoners, a reflection of a relatively recent and now entirely distinctive American approach to crime and punishment. The U.S. incarcerates individuals for crimes that would rarely produce prison senetnces in other countries. In particular these incarcerated individuals are kept far longer than prisoners in other nations. Criminologists and scholars of other first world nations are joined in agreement over the harsh state of American prison policy. People who commit nonviolent crimes in the rest of the world are less likely to receive prison time and certainly less likely to receive long sentences. The United States is, for instance, the only advanced country that incarcerates people for minor crimes. Efforts to combat illegal drugs play a major role in explaining long prison sentences in the United States as well. In 1980, there were about 40,000 people in American jails and prisons for drug crimes. These days, there are almost 500,000. Those figures have drawn contempt from European critics. "The U.S. pursues the war on drugs with an ignorant fanaticism," said Stern of King's College. Many American prosecutors, on the other hand, say that locking up people involved in the drug trade is imperative, as it helps thwart demand for illegal drugs and drives down other kinds of crime. Attorney General Michael Mukasey, for instance, has fought hard to prevent the early release of people in federal prison on crack cocaine offenses, saying that many of them "are among the most serious and violent offenders." Still, it is the length of sentences that truly distinguishes American prison policy. Indeed, the mere number of sentences imposed here would not place the United States at the top of the incarceration lists. If lists were compiled based on annual admissions to prison per capita, several European countries would outpace the United States. But American prison stays are much longer, so the total incarceration rate is higher
RECIDIVISM
The United States faces a prevalant problem with revidivism. More prisoners are returning to prison then ever before and it is because we have not set them up for success.
1
0 %
of arrests are previously incarcerated individuals
Percent of Parolees Returning to Prison from Dark (Most) to Light (Least)
VIOLATIONS 45%
PROPERTY
DRU
CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS
G
SUCCESS 35%
Crimes causing recidivism
60%
of prisoners will leave prison and return within three years. They will either violate their parole or commit a new crime.
6 of 10
If someone has been incarcerated more than 2 times then their chance of return jumps to
75%
CRIME The majority of prisoners in the United States are currently incarcerated for non-violent crimes.
VIOLE NT 12%
Number of Prisoners per 100,000 Residents
NS
O EAP
W NONVIOLENT 50%
IM
MI
PROPERTY 18%
GR
AT
OTHER
%
12
IO
Prisoner’s Crimes
N
45%
of prisoners are currently locked up for non-violent crimes such as drug use, selling drugs, or theft among others.
In 2010 the percentage violent crime was
34%
lower than the percentage in 1991
ETHNICITY The United States is locking up minorities at an exponential rate. The prison population is more racially off balance then ever before.
Percent of African Americans in Prison per state Darkest is more than 6%, then 5%, 4%, and 3% of the entire state population.
LATINO 16%
WHITE 18%
BLACK 65%
Non-violent offenders serving sentences White Men
Latino Men
Black Men
Black Women
Latina Women
White Women
62%
of prisoners are considered the racial minority. This includes both African Americans and Latinos.
In 2010 NYPD conducted “Stop & Frisks.� 52% of people stopped were BLACK while 9% were WHITE of the black people stopped
98%
did not have contraband
EDUCATION Prisons are offering minimal education to inmates and the prisons offering advanced degrees are hosting life sentence prisoners that may not have a hope of rejoining society.
From light to dark: 1 education programs up to 5 education programs. White also includes states that do not provide accrediation for education programs taken.
EDUCATION 63%
IMPRISON 37%
A $1 million dollar investment in incarceration will prevent 350 crimes, but the same investment will prevent more than 600 crimes
27% of prisons currently offered advanced education opportunities such as college classes.
43%
of prisoners who participated in education programs were 43% less likely to be reincarcerated
III.
“The whole is other than the sum of the parts.” — Kurt Koffka
GESTALT
Principles of Visual Perception
GESTALT PRINCIPLES
Emergence (the whole is identified before the parts) Emergence is the process of forming complex patterns from simple rules. When attempting to identify an object, we first seek to identify its outline. We then match this outline pattern against shapes and objects we already know to find a match. Only after the whole emerges through this outline pattern matching, do we start to identify the parts that make up the whole. Reification (our mind fills in the gaps) Reification is an aspect of perception in which the object as perceived contains more spatial information than what is actually present. As we attempt to match what we see to the familiar patterns we have stored in memory, there isn’t always an exact match. Instead we find a near match and then fill in the gaps of what we think we should see. Multi-stability (the mind seeks to avoid uncertainty) Multi-stability is the tendency of ambiguous perceptual experiences to move unstably back and forth between alternative interpretations Invariance (we’re good at recognizing similarities and differences) Invariance is a property of perception in which simple objects are recognized independent of their rotation, translation and scale. Since we often encounter objects from different perspectives, we’ve developed an ability to recognize them despite their different appearance
“All else being equal, elements that are related by X tend to be grouped perceptually into higher-order units.” — Stephen Palmer
Law of Prägnanz (Good Figure, Law of Simplicity). When confronted with complex shapes, we tend to reorganize them into simpler components or into a simpler whole. You’re more likely to see the left image above composed of the simple circle, square and triangle like you see on the right than as the the complex and ambiguous shape the whole forms.
Closure.
In the left image above, you should see a white triangle even though the image is actually comprised of three black Pac-Man-like shapes. On the right image, you see a panda even though the figure is several random shapes. Seeing the triangle and panda is simpler than trying to make sense of the individual parts. Closure can be thought of as the glue holding elements together. It’s about the human tendency to seek and find patterns. The key to closure is providing enough information so the eye can fill in the rest. If too much is missing, the elements will be seen as separate parts instead of a whole. If too much information is provided, there’s no need for closure to occur.
Figure and Ground. The figure/ground relationship can be either stable or unstable depending on how easy it is to determine which is which. The classic example of where the relationship is unstable is the left image above. You either see a vase or two faces depending on whether you see the black color as figure and the white as ground, or vice versa. That you can easily bounce back and forth between the two perceptions demonstrates the unstable relationship. The more stable the relationship, the better we can lead our audience to focus on what we want them to see. Two related principles can help us: Area- The smaller of two overlapping objects is seen as figure. The larger is seen as ground. You can see this in the right image above. The smaller shape is the figure regardless of color. Convexity- Convex rather than concave patterns tend to be perceived as figures.
Continuation. Another interpretation of this principle is that we’ll continue our perception of shapes beyond their ending points. In the image above, we see a line and curve crossing instead of four distinct line and curve segments that meet at a single point.
Parallelism. It should be noted that for parallelism to be perceived, the lines can also be curves or shapes, though with the latter the shapes should be somewhat line-like in order for them to appear parallel.
Uniform Connectedness. Of all the principles suggesting objects are related, uniform connectedness is the strongest. In the image above, even though we see two squares and two circles, we see the square–circle pairs as more strongly related because they are visually connected. Notice that the lines don’t need to touch the elements for the connection to be perceived.
Gestalt and The Perceiver These Gestalt principles can be applied to a wider variety of analyses. The relationship of user groups within society is inherently one of them. The interaction between the perceiver and the perceived is quintessential to our understanding of the current incaceation models and the potential for change .
MODELING PERCEPTION Previous experience
Perceiver
declarative knowledge domain speciďŹ c expertise
Aesthetic judgement Environment
Perceptual analyses
Implicit information integration
Explicit ClassiďŹ cation
Cognitive mastering
Evaluation Aesthetic experience pleasure
Emotional state
PERCEIVER Perceiver
vs.
Prisoner
PERCEIVER
Racial Relationship
Perceiver
Minority
vs.
vs.
Prisoner
Majority
PERCEIVER
Racial Relationship Current
PERCEIVER
Racial Relationship New Relationships
PERCEIVER
Racial Relationship Proposed
Perception and Policy The relationships proposed here are an attempt to change the perception of those within the “system”. Historically public perception suggests that punishment must be utilized to its fullest extent to dissuade recidivism. However in the past decade such perceptions have begun to change. In a report sponsored by the U.S Department of Justice researcherscame to some surprising conclusions outlined below: 1. The public’s preferred incarceration rate for most street crimes appeared to be largely consistent with - slightly less harsh than current practice. 2. The public’s preferred incarceration rate for drug crimes appeared to be consistently lower than current practice. 3. There was little suppport for enhancing the sentance of a hate-crime motivated robbery beyond the punishment for a generic robbery. 4. Preference for increased prevention programs targeted at high-risk youth, more policre on the street, and for drug treatment programs for nonviolent offenders, as opposed to prison. The public largely concurs with current sentencing decisions about incarceration and sentence length - with the exception of certain crimes - particularly drug and mnonviolent offenses.
IV.
“Security is not the meaning of life, great opportunities are worth the risk.” — Shirley Hufstevler
“The balance between freedom and security is a delicate one.” — Mark Udall
STATIC VS. DYNAMIC NO GUARDS OUT
BEHIND CELLS
ISOLATION
CLOSED
DISTANCE
STATIC FORTRESS
NOT BEHIND BARS
OUTSIDE HAS COMFORT
MULTIPLE SECURITY CENTERS
MIXED IN GUARDS
CONSTANT CONTROL
HALLWAYS
LINE OF SIGHT
OPEN
COMMON ROOMS
MOVEMENT UNDER CHAINS
LOCATION
DYNAMIC CONTROL CENTER
REMOTE
CAMPUS FEEL INVISIBLE SECURITY
Static Security involves modern day prison techniques which put guards at a distance from prisoners. Dynamic security forces guards to interact with the prisoners regularly.
WALLS
STATIC
vs.
DYNAMIC
PRISON SECURITY VS. EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES Maximum Security
Souza Baranowski
Pelican Bay
Lee USP Tuscun USP
Auburn State
Allenwood USP
Pollock FCI
Oxford FCI
Berlin FCI
No Opportunity for Education
Opportunity for Education Atlanta USP
Miami FCI Tallahassee FCI
Eden CI
Dublin FCI
Pensacola FPS Duluth FPS
Morgantown FCI
Minimum Security
There is a clear correlation between the amount of educational opportunities and level of prison security. The higher the security level is the more likely the prison is to offer education programs. However, this explains why there is a need for education in minimum security facilities. Inmates serving shorter opportunities that will be attempting to rejoin society sooner are left with little to no opportunities. If they are to become productive members of society that do not return to the system then there needs to be an effort to provide them with the tools they need.
SECURITY DIAGRAMS
Emergency Stairs
Motion Sensor
Video Surveillance
X-Ray Scanner
Signage
Moat
Locks
Landscaping
Guards
Laser Tripping
Obstacles
Lights
Ha-Ha Wall
High Walls
Manhattan diagrams take classic security techniques and explain them in plan and diagram
Motion Sensor
X-Ray Scanner
Moat
Landscaping
Laser Tripping
Lights
High Walls
PRISON CONTROL TACTICS
ConďŹ ne and Contain Rear
Arrest Teams Gas Leader
Front
Team Organization
Force and Mass
Unity of Command
Maneuver
Prisons use a variety of methods in order to manage and control situations.
SECURITY MEASURES
POTENTIAL FOR RISK OR REWARD
V.
“Architecture is the thoughtful making of space.” — Louis Kahn
The Wall
The wall creates a border, a barrier, an enclosure from the outside world. The purpose is not to encourage punishment, but rather a lack of freedom. The wall stands for your loss of freedom, your separation from family and friends. It serves as a symbol, as well as a permanent reminder that there is no leaving. The complex that lies inside promotes growth and improvement. It encourages relationships with good behavior and offers opportunities to advance oneself. Meanwhile the wall looms around the edges reminding inmates that the journey they are on is not one anyone would desire.
U.S. Embassy, London
PRECEDENT
The Embassy Analysis and utlization of various architetcural precedents which are indirectly related to the prison typology allow us to understand perception and security in very diferent terms. With the prison inherent security and perception assumptions are made while in reality the architectura; implications of other building typologies can better inform our design process. The Embassy, a secure facility housing the ambassador and and his or her staff is such a building typology. DeďŹ ned by their renowned security enhancements embassies possess the inherent security of a prison. However through innovative design tactics the facility or in some cases campus is made approachable to the general public. A strategy one can utilize in the design of a secure facility which is meant to integrate into the urban landscape and blur the lines between secure facility and those passing by.
Urbanity at the Wall Through the investigation of urban typologies in 2D and pointed 3D moded we can begin to discern speciďŹ c urban conditions which we believe can be challenged. This investigation ourlines and highlights the spaces which occur naturally within the varying urban environments around the worls. It is within this fabric that we are seeking to conduct our EXPERIMENT. These urban conditions have historically been isolated justice faciltities due to the perception that is aligned with correctional institutions. This is a perception we intend to engage with through the implementation of an architectural construct. One that shall manipulate the landscape while uniquely creating spaces for our very speciďŹ c and historically isolated audience. This audience, the low-medium risk criminals and the staff that attends to them, are the individuals most often placed at odds with the public due to the isolation that is associated with contemporary correctional facilities.
Iteration of the Wall Through the investigation of specific wall typologies in a 3D manner spatial implications begin to emerge. These implications can be utlized at a variety of scales within the thesis to achieve our end goal. The blurring of the line between the perceiver and the perceived. The experimentation of different wall typpologies adds necessary depth to the investigation which increases our architectural palette. A palette that will inform and determine tharchitectural moves essential to designing a campus that performs as expected. Expectations that are deďŹ ned by the previous research into the ways in which perception adn security can overlap and be redefeined by these manipulated wall typologies.
MOSES BRIDGE
TRENCH
HAHA WALL
FORTRESS
NANA WALL
WATERFALL
WIND SCREEN
TREES
VI.
SITE STUDIES
Three sites were studied and analyzed: Alcatraz Island, Baltimore in Maryland, and Syracuse in New York. The sites were evaluated based on their census data as well as ďŹ ve levels of programmatic understanding. Each site was assessed by their racial demographic, population, educational success, poverty level, and median income. They were then put through the programmatic analysis. Public concentration focuses on where the majority of people populate. Integration looks at areas for potential concentration increase. Points of attraction pull out the key landmarks and most visited locations. The original pattern is essentially a road blocking map, while the boundary conditions refer to the site’s edge conditions whether literal or implied.
ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CALIFORNIA
S YE RP AC US HOUS HOR ITY (R UT EDEOW NERING ) AUT
SIAMESECONN.
ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CALIFORNIA
DEMOGRAPHICS
852,469 Population
46.87
Square Miles of Land
17,179
-$
Persons per Square Mile
13.5% Live Below the Poverty Line
$ 75,604 Median Income
50.7% Male
49.3% Female
ASIAN 33.3% WHITE 48.5% LATINO 15.1%
OTHER
HIGH SCHOOL DIPOLMA 86.3%
BACHELOR DEGREE 52.4%
BLACK 6.1%
ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CALIFORNIA
Public Concentration
Integration
ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CALIFORNIA
Industries Dock Cellhouse Warden’s House
Points of Attraction
Original Pattern
ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CALIFORNIA
Boundary Conditions
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
DEMOGRAPHICS
622,793 Population
80.94
Square Miles of Land
7,671
-$
Persons per Square Mile
23.8% Live Below the Poverty Line
$
41,385 Median Income
47.1% Male
52.9% Female
WHITE 29.6% BLACK 63.7% OTHER
LATINO 4.2%
HIGH SCHOOL DIPOLMA 80.2%
BACHELOR DEGREE 26.8%
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
Public Concentration
Integration
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
Hippodrome Theatre
Power Plant
Aquarium
Inner Harbor
Camden Yards
Points of Attraction
Original Pattern
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
Boundary Conditions
RD. C-D
ADAMS
COMSTOCK
ELIZABETH BLACKWELL ST.
EAST
E. ADAMS
STREET
E. ADAMS
ST.
EAST ADAMS
AVE.
COMSTOCK
IRVING
AVE.
PLACE
AVE.
AVE.
AVE.
AVE.
ST.
MARSHALL
MARSHALL
ST.
ST.
MARSHALL
Wood Wall
Metal Loading Ramp
Airway
Airway
Concrete Loading Dock
WAVERLY
WAVERLY
AVE.
REN WIC
K
AVE .
AVE.
WALNUT
WALNUT
UNIVERSITY
S. CROUSE
REN
WAVERLY
AVENUE
WIC K
IRVING
FRISB
IE
AVEN UE
Generator/ Conc. Pad
CT.
ST.
UNIVERS
ITY PL.
UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY PLACE
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
AVE.
COMSTOCK
IRVING
COLLEGE
AVE.
PLACE
ST.
STADIUM PL.
VAN BUREN
STADIUM
HENRY
.
COMSTOCK
UNDERGROUND PARKING
LK WA
NC CO
AVENUE
AVENUE
PLACE
SYRACUSE, NEW YORK STREET
COMSTOC
PLACE
STREET
STANDART
UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY PLACE
PLACE
COLLEGE
PLACE
SYRACUSE, NEW YORK
DEMOGRAPHICS
144,263 Population
25.04
Square Miles of Land
5,796
Persons per Square Mile
34.6% Live Below the Poverty Line
$
-$
31,365 Median Income
47.7% Male
52.3% Female
OTHER
WHITE 56% BLACK 29.5%
HIGH SCHOOL DIPOLMA 80.5%
BACHELOR DEGREE 26%
LATINO 8%
SYRACUSE, NEW YORK
UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY PLACE
PLACE
COLLEGE
PLACE
Public Concentration
UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY PLACE
PLACE
COLLEGE
PLACE
Integration
SYRACUSE, NEW YORK
Schine UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY PLACE
PLACE
Slocum
Carnegie
Points of Attraction
PLACE
Quad
COLLEGE
Hall of Languages
UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY PLACE
PLACE
COLLEGE
PLACE
Original Pattern
SYRACUSE, NEW YORK
UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY PLACE
PLACE
COLLEGE
PLACE
Boundary Conditions
SITE SELECTION
SYRACUSE NEW YORK
8,078
?
Jamesville
Minimum
Medium
Correctional Facilities
Clinton
# of annual crimes
1,238 violent
315
6,840 property
BURGLARY 24%
Crimes per Square Mile 6 - Syracuse is safer than 6% of U.S. cities 0
Maximum
100
THEFTS 60%
ASSAULT 9% ROBBERY 5% MURDERS RAPE .2% 1%
SITE UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY PLACE
Academic Buildings UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
Student Housing
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
Hospitals & Health Services
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
Retail
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
Hotels
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
Parking
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
Parks
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
SITE ANALYSIS
Pedestrian
CIRCULATION
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
Bus Routes
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
TrafямБc
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
Bike Paths
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
UNIVERSITY
PLACE
VII.
Education
Security
Mentorship
Rehabilitation
Medical
Food Services
Maintenance
Recreation
Admin/OfďŹ ces
Entry/Waiting
Religious Services
Housing
JOB OPENINGS 2010-2020
COMPLETE BACHELORS + 24%
COMPLETE HIGH SCHOOL + 24%
SALARY IN SYRACUSE Less than High School: $11,000 High School: $21,000 Some College: $30,000 Bachelors: $45,000+ Masters: $60,000+
VOCATION 10% ASSOCIATES + 12% SOME HIGH SCHOOL 12% MASTERS + 11%
SOME COLLEGE + 18%
70%
of jobs require an Associate’s Degree or above
POLICY PROGRAM In 2013 $6.9 billion of the federal budget was alotted to federal prisons. Studys have shown that high quality correctional education (post-secondary) has been shown to measurably reduce re-incarceration rates. Over 200 colleges have applied to be part of a college program that partners with prisons to provide education to inmates. Every year over 600 thousand people are released from prison. Currently over 400 thousand of them return. The Obama Administration is looking to create more prisons linked with post-secondary education. The Department of Education is contributing $8 million to re-entry success and educational attainment.
PROGRAM The program aims to challenge the notions of what a prison facility is and can be. A facility which is deďŹ ned by the incorporation of programmatic elements historically removed from prisons. Program which works to facilitate the end goal of restorative justice in an urban setting, The core of the facility is a set of four larger program schemes; living, learning, receration and rehabilitation. These schematic areas intermingle and create new boundaries for interaction. Boundaries which the thesis seeks to investigate and break down. through the implementation of the Wall. The wall which can redeďŹ ne, disappear, and ultimately impact the user groups present inside and outside the facility.
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE FACE-TO-FACE
NOT THERE BY CHOICE COURT ORDERED
PRIVILEGE LABS LEARNING
SHORT SENTENCE
FIRST TIME OFFENSE NON-VIOLENT OFFENDERS
WHAT IS IT?
EDUCATION
REHABILITATION ACCOUNTABILITY
SEPARATION
SECURE
CAN’T COME AND GO
SU FACULTY
BRIDGING
2 TO 5 YEARS
RESPONSIBILITY
OPPORTUNITY
RESTAURANT DORM LIKE LIVING
FITNESS
COMMUNITY CONNECTION
Recreation Housing
Food
Health Parking
Rehab Space
Planting
Auditorium
Zen Garden Classrooms
Entry
Labs
Entry Food
Housing Rehab Space Parking Planting Classrooms Zen Garden Recreation
Health
Auditorium Labs
Housing
Parking Zen Garden
Health Auditorium
Recreation
Labs
Food
Classrooms Planting
Entry
Rehab Space
Zen Garden Housing
Parking
Planting Food
Health
Labs Classrooms
Recreation
Rehab Space Entry
Auditorium
FINAL PROGRAM LAYOUT
COURT POOL HEALTH SERVICES
1 BEDROOM SUITES
ACTIVITY LAWN ACTIVITY
ADMIN/MECH
2 BEDROOM SUITES PARKING
GARDEN LOBBY ENTRY
RESTAURANT
T
CAFE OUTDOOR DINING
REHAB
CLASSROOMS LIBRARY
AUDITORIUM
KITCHEN LABS
CIRCULATION
COURTS POOL HEALTH SERVICES
1 BEDROOM SUITES
ACTIVITY ACTIVITY LAWN ADMIN/MECH
2 BEDROOM SUITES PARKING
GARDEN LOBBY ENTRY
RESTAURANT
T
CAFE OUTDOOR
REHAB
CLASSROOMS LIBRARY
AUDITORIUM
KITCHEN LABS
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Matthew Borner & Annie Ray Advised By Sekou Cooke Commitee Randall Korman, Jonathan Louie ARC 505 Thesis Preparation Fall 2015 Syracuse University