Ⱦʀɦɠɱɷɥɣɤ Ʉ ɋ ɒɩɜɛɨ ɋ ȿ Ɍɠɨɷɥʀɝ ɇ Ȳ
ȾɀɉȾɋȻɏȲɚ ɊȲȿɋɎɒɈɃɅ ȿɆɚ ɅɆȻɌɎ
ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɩɬɝʀɭɨʀɰ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɛɥɦɛɟʀɝ ɋɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɇʀɨʀɬɭɠɫɬɭɝɩɧ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ
ɍɀɋɈɉɊȲɆɗ ɈȻȽɒȻɆɗɈȻ ɅɈɃȾȻ ³ ȼɉȾȿȻɈ 2015
ɎȿɅ
ȼȼɅ ɺ Ⱦ
ɋɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɇʀɨʀɬɭɠɫɬɭɝɩɧ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɨɛɥɛɢ ɇʀɨʀɬɭɠɫɬɭɝɛ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝʀɟ ʌ
ȽɃȿȻɈɉ ɂȻ ɋȻɐɎɈɉɅ ȿɀɋɁȻȽɈɃɐ ɅɉɓɍȲȽ ɊɋɉȿȻɁ ɂȻȼɉɋɉɈɀɈɉ ɋɠɱɠɨɢɠɨɭɣ ɑɛɫɣɥ Ɇ Ɋ ³ ɪɫɩɯɠɬɩɫ ɢɛɝʀɟɮɝɛɲ ɥɛɯɠɟɫɣ ɞɠɩɠɥɩɦɩɞʀʁ ɭɛ ɧɠɭɩɟɣɥɣ ɝɣɥɦɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɟɣɬɱɣɪɦʀɨ ɍɠɫɨɩɪʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɪɠɟɛɞɩɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɮ ʀɧ Ƚ Ⱦɨɛɭɹɥɛ ɟɩɥɭɩɫ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ Ɋɮɞɛɲ ɇ Ȳ ³ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɷ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɈȽɉ ʌ ɧ ɐɧɠɦɷɨɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɷ ɝɣɴɩʁ ɥɛɭɠɞɩɫʀʁ
Ⱦʀɦɠɱɷɥɣɤ Ʉ Ⱦ Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥ ɟɦɺ ɥɦ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɩɬɝʀɭ ɨɛɝɲ ɢɛɥɦ Ʉ ɋ Ⱦʀɦɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɋ ȿ ɒɩɜɛɨ ɇ Ȳ Ɍɠɨɷɥʀɝ ³ ɍɠɫɨɩɪʀɦɷ Ɉɛɝ ɲɛɦɷɨɛ ɥɨɣɞɛ ³ ȼɩɞɟɛɨ ³ ɬ ʀɦ ,6%1 ɎȿɅ
ȼȼɅ ɺ ɉɰɩɫɩɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧ ɪɫɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɬɷɥɠ ɪɫɛɝɩ Ɂɩɟɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɠɨɛ ɝ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɜɠɢ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɮ ɛɝɭɩɫɛ ɲɣ ɝɣɟɛɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ
,6%1 ² ² ² ²
Ⱦʀɦɠɱɷɥɣɤ Ʉ ɋ ɒɩɜɛɨ ɋ ȿ Ɍɠɨɷɥʀɝ ɇ Ȳ Ɉɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɛ ɥɨɣɞɛ ³ ȼɩɞɟɛɨ
ɎɇɉȽɈȲ ɊɉɂɈȻɒɀɈɈɚ
³ ɯɩɭɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ
³ ʀɨɭɠɫɛɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɣ
³ ɝʀɟɠɩ
³ ɥɛɫɭɛ
ɑɣɧɣ ɪʀɥɭɩɞɫɛɧɛɧɣ ɮ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɮ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɩ ɭʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝʀ ɺɥʀ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɣ ɮ ɠɦɠɥɭɫɩɨɨʀɤ ɝɠɫɬʀʁ ɢɛ ɪɩɬɣɦɛɨɨɺɧ KWWS ZZZ ERKGDQ GLJLWDO FRP HGX
ɚɅ ɊɋȻɑəȽȻɍɃ ɂ ɊȲȿɋɎɒɈɃɅɉɇ ɓɛɨɩɝɨʀ ɮɲɨʀ ɔɩɜ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɧʀɱɨʀ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɥɮɫɬɮ ©Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝª ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɫɩɲɣɭɛɭɣ ɭɠɥɬɭ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯʀɝ ɛ ɤ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣ ɝɠɬɷ ɟɩɪɩɧʀɡɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɺɥɣɤ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɝɣɟɛɨɨʀ Ɋʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ʀɢ ɳɠɬɭɣ ɫɩɢɟʀɦʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɹɭɷ ɪɩ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɭɠɧ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɫɩɢɟʀɦ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢʀ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɩʁ ɝʀɢɣɭʀɝɥɣ ɟɠ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɦʀɥ ɭɠɧ ɭɛ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɮ ɟɩɝʀɟɥɮ ɪɫɩ ɴɩ ɝɣ ɟʀɢɨɛɾɭɠɬɺ ʀ ɨɛɝɲɣɭɠɬɺ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɮ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀ ɩɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷ- 1 ɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ ɂɧʀɬɭ ɭɠɧ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛɰ ɺɥɣɰ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɮ ɭɠɧʀ ɝʀɟ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɟɝɛɨɛɟɱɺɭɣ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯ ɫɩɢɫɛɰɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɩɟɣɨ ɫʀɟɳɠ ɟɝɛ ɮɫɩɥɣ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɾ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɪʀɟ ɫɮɜɫɣɥɩɹ Ɋɫɣɞɛɟɛɤ ɛɜɩ ɢɟɩɞɛɟɛɤɬɺ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɛɨʀ ɨɛ ɭɠ ɴɩɜ ɝɣ ɪɫɣɞɛɟɛɦɣ ɭʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɲɣ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɺɥʀ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ʀ ɢɛɬɝɩʁɭɣ ɨɩɝɣɤ 2 ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ Ƚʀɟɪɩɝʀɝɳɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɝɣ ɜɮɟɠɭɠ ɞɩɭɩɝʀ ɟɩ ɬɝʀɟɩɧɩɞɩ ɬɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺ ɭɠɥɬɭɮ 3 ɂɧʀɬɭ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ ɫɩɢɜɣɭɣɤ ɨɛ ɟɝʀ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɲɛ- 4 ɬɭɣɨɣ ɨɛɢɝɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ ɬɣɨʀɧ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɧ ɉɥɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɥɩɡɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ ɧɛɾ ɟɝɛ ɲɣ ɭɫɣ ɪʀɟɢɛɞɩɦɩɝɥɣ ɜɦɛɥɣɭɨɩɞɩ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɮ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɪɫɣɝɠɫɭɛɹɭɷ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɟɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɩɞɩ ɲɣ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɱʀɥɛ- 5 ɝɩɞɩ ɮ ɯɫɛɞɧɠɨɭʀ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ Ɉɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɯɛɥɭɣ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɢɛɬɝɩʁɭɣ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɛɢɝɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɩɜ ɾɥɭʀɝ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɢɛɪɛɧ ɺ- 8 ɭɛɭɣ ɝɣɟʀɦɠɨɩ ɥɮɫɬɣɝɩɧ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺ ʀ ɭɠɫɧʀɨɣ ɢ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɝɣ ɬɭɣɥɛɾɭɠɬɺ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ ɡɣɫɨɣɧ ɳɫɣɯɭɩɧ ɛ ɬɛɧɠ ɯɩɫɧɮɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ³ ɥɮɫɬɣɝɩɧ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɣɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɬɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ ɾ ɥɛɫɭɩɬɰɠɧɣ ɧɛɦɹɨɥɣ ɯɩɭɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɺɥʀ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɣɧɮɭɷ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɹ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɷ ɪɫɩ ɭɩɤ ɲɣ ʀɨɳɣɤ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɤ ɩɜ ɾɥɭ ɺɝɣɴɠ ɭɩɴɩ Ɋɩɧʀɡ ɧɛɦɹɨɥɛɧɣ ɪʀɟ ɫɮɜɫɣɥɩɹ ɒɣ ɝʀɟɩɧɩ 6 ɭɩɜʀ" ɪɩɧʀɴɠɨɩ ɱʀɥɛɝʀ ɯɛɥɭɣ ɺɥʀ ɬɭɩɬɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɠɧɣ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ
ǵǮǸǼǻǼǺǥǾǻǼǿȀǥ ȂǼǾǺȁǰǮǻǻȍ ǽǾǶǾǼDzǶ ǺǮȀdzǾǶǸǥǰ ǥ ǼǸdzǮǻǥǰ
Ɍɟɦɚ
Ɏ ɨɪɦɚ ɿ ɪɭɯɢ Ɂɟɦɥɿ
Ɍɟɦɚ
Ɇ ɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ² ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨʀ ɨɛɨɥɨɧɤɢ
Ɉɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɰɿ ɞɜɿ ɬɟɦɢ ɬɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɿɲɟ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɟɲ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɤɭɥɹɫɬɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɢ ʀʀ ɨɫɶɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɨɪɛɿɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɯɿɜ Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɽɲ ɳɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɞɧɿ ɫɨɧɰɟɫɬɨɹɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɪɿɜɧɨɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɹɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɬɢɫɤɭ ɜɿɬɪɿɜ ɧɚɞ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɸ Ɂɟɦɥɿ Ɍɚɤɨɠ ɬɢ ɡɦɨɠɟɲ ɫɤɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɭɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɜɚɬɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɡɚɩɚɞɢɧ ɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ ɩɥɢɬ
Ɍɟɦɚ Ⱥ ɎɊɂɄȺ
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ʀʀ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ" əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɜɿɞ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɚ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɸɫɿɜ" əɤɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɭ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚɦɢ" ɏɬɨ ɩɟɪɲɢɣ ɡ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɿɜ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɜ ɲɥɹɯ ɜɡɞɨɜɠ ɡɚɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɣ ɩɿɜɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ"
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɚɥ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ" ɔɩɜ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɨɛ ɝɬʀ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣɬɷ ɪɠɝɨɩɞɩ ɪɦɛɨɮ ɂɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɝʀɨ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɪɮɨɥɭʀɝ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ʀ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨɛ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɮ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɨɺ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ʀ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨɛ ȿɦɺ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɭɩɲɨɩʁ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ ɳɣɫɩɭɮ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩʁ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɭɩɲɩɥ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ ɟɩɝɞɩɭɮ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩʁ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɭɩɲɩɥ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ȿɩɱʀɦɷɨɩ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɮɝɛɞɮ ʀ ɨɛ ɟɠɺɥʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀ ɟɠɭɛɦʀ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɟɛɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɧɿɦɤɭ ɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɭ ɧɛɦ
7
Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ ɧʀɬɭɺɭɷɬɺ 9 ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɉɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɝɳɣ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɤɭɠ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɥɦɛ10 ɟɠɨʀ ɭɛɥ ɛɜɣ ɝɣɟʀɦɣɭɣ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝʀ ɟɦɺ ɢɛɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ Ƚɣɥɩɨɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɷ ɂɛɬɭɩɬɮɤ 11 ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɟʀɢɨɛɤɬɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɟɛɬɭɷ ɝɛɧ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɝɣɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɝɧʀɨɨɺ ʀ ɨɛɝɣɲɥɣ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ 12 ɨɛɜɮɭɣɰ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɱɠ ɨɠ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɴɩ ɞɠɭɷ ɮɬʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɝɣ ɧɛɾɭɠ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɭɣ Ɏɲɣɭɠɦɷ ɟɛɬɭɷ ɝɥɛɢʀɝɥɣ ɺɥʀ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɝɣɜɫɛɭɣ Ɋʀɟ ɫɮɜɫɣɥɩɹ Ɉɛɢɝɣ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨʀ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɲɣ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀʁ ɺɥʀ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɜɠɢɪɩ13 ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɲɣ ɩɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɥɩɝɛɨɩ ɬɭɩɬɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɠɧɣ ɚɥɴɩ ɝɛɧ ɨɠ ɝɟɛɬɭɷɬɺ ɢɟɩɞɛɟɛɭɣɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɱɠɤ ɢɝ·ɺɢɩɥ ɭɩ ɪɫɩ ɬɮɭɷ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɟʀɢɨɛɭɣɬɷ ʀɢ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ɺɥɛ ɪɩɟɛɨɛ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɛ ɝ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɮ ɂ·ɺɬɮɝɛɝɳɣ ʁʁ ɫɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɮɾɧɩ ɟɠɭɛɦɷɨʀɳɠ ɟʀɢɨɛɭɣɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨʀ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɲɣ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɢ 14 ɟɩɝʀɟɥɩɝɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ Ɏ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɭɠɧɛɰ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɠɨɠ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɨɺ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ɭɩɧɮ ɝ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɮ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩɞɩ 15 ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ ɪɩɧʀɴɠɨɩ ɟɮɡɠ ɥɩɫɩɭɥʀ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɭɣɝɨʀ ɟɛɨʀ ɭɛ ɫɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɛɱʀʁ ɟɦɺ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɨɺ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɥɩɡɨɩʁ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɲɣ ɟɝɩɰ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɣɰ ɭɠɧ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷɬɺ ɬɥɩɫɩɲɠɨɣɤ ɝɣɥɦɛɟ ʁʁ ɢɧʀɬɭɮ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɉɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɝɳɣ ɮɬɹ ɭɠɧɮ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɤ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ Ƚɣɥɩɨɛɤ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɑɺ ɪʀɟɬɮɧɥɩɝɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɭɠɧɣ ɪɩɥɦɣɥɛɨɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɭɣ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɣɭɣ ɢɟɩɜɮɭʀ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɮɥɦɛɬɭɣ ʁɰ ɝ ɱʀɦʀɬɨɮ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɨɛɝɲɣɭɣɬɺ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ʁɰ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɺɬɨɠɨɨɺ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɺɝɣɴ ȿɩɟɛɭɥɩɝʀ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɭɷ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɮɲɛɬɭʀ ɝ ɮɲɨʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɩɦʀɧɪʀɛɟɛɰ ɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɣɭɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɢɛɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ Ɏ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɮ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɛ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ ɥɫʀɧ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭɠɤ ɪɫɩ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɭɛ ɺɝɣɴ ɮ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯʀɝ ɭɠɧɣ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɫɩɜʀɭ ɢ ɟɠɺɥɣɧɣ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɭɣɝɨɣɧɣ ɟɛɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɥɛɡɲɣɥ ɭɠɫɧʀɨʀɝ ɭɛɜɦɣɱʀ ɺɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɺɭɷ ɱɣɯɫɩɝʀ ɟɛɨʀ ɪɫɩ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɭɛ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɉɭɩɡ ɳɛɨɩɝɨʀ ɮɲɨʀ ɪɫɛɱɹɤɭɠ ɢ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɩɧ ʀ ɪʀɢɨɛɝɛɤɭɠ ɞɦɣɜɳɠ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɮɭɩɲɥʀɝ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɣ
ȽɌɍɎɊ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ɓɨ ɜɢɜɱɚɽ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɹ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɿ ɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ʀɯ ɽ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɧɿɣ ɤɭɥɿ" əɤɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɋɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɤɚɪɬɢ ɿ ɚɬɥɚɫɢ"
ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɭɛ ɩɥɠɛɨɣ ɺɥ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɫɠɞʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ Ɉɠɪɩɝɭɩɫɨʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɣ Ƚɣɝɲɛɹɲɣ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɹ ɝ ɥɦɛɬʀ ɭɣ ɩɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɝɬɺ ʀɢ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɫɣɬɛɧɣ ɜɮɟɩɝɣ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɩɥ ɂɠɧɦʀ ʁɰ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɩɝɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɮɭɩɲɥɛɰ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɣ Ɉɛ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɢɨɛɝɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɨɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɮ ɭɛ ʁʁ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɣ ɦɹɟɷɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɮ ɺɥɣɰ ɝɩɨɣ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ Ɏ ɥɦɛɬʀ ɭɣ ɩɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɳɬɺ ɢ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɧɛɦ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɨɠɳ ɥɩɡɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɺɥ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɤ ɨɠɪɩɝɭɩɫɨɣɤ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ ɮ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɣ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɫɠɞʀɩɨɛɧɣ ɭɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɫɠɞʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɾɹ Ɏ ɺɥʀɤ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɭɣ ȿɩ ɫ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɦɣ ɭɫɣ ɩɥɠ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ" ȿɦɺ ɪʀɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɛɨɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɣɤ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬʀɝ ɭɩɜʀ ɟɩɝɠɟɠɭɷɬɺ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɨɮɝɝɛɡɛɝɬɺ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ Ȼɭɦɛɨ ɭɣ ɨɛɤɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀɳʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɩɥ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɇʀɡɨɛɫɩɟ ɦʀɭɩ ɛɭɧɩ ɞʀɟɫɩ ɤ ɜʀɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɮ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɞʀɟɫɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɛ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛ ɢ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ Ȼ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɩɟɨʀ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɣ ɱʀɺ ɮ ɫ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɭɣ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ ʁ ɪʀɝ ɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɴɩ ɩɭɩɲɮɾ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥ ɭɣɟɮ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɟɩ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɱɠ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɢɛɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɩ
Ɇɚɥ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɡ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚɦɢ ɳɨ ɞɨ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ
ȼɫɬɭɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɩɹ ɬɣɦɩɹ ɭɩ ɝ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɪɫɣ1 2 ɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬʀɝ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɭɣ ɢ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɣ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɺɥ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɣ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɺɥɩʁ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɜʀɞ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɛɰ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɾ ɨɛɤɬɣɦɷɨʀɳɣɧ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɪɠɫɳ ɨʀɡ ɪɠɫɠɤɭɣ ɟɩ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɲɣ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɝɬɠɜʀɲɨɩ 4 ɫɩɢɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɨʀɤ ɥɮɦʀ ɉɭɡɠ ɭɣɪɩɝɣɤ ɪɦɛɨ ɯʀɢɣɥɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛ6 ɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ 7 ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɪɫɣɭɫɣɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɬʀ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯɣ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɧɛɦ 5 3 ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ɯʀɢɣɥɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ Ɇɚɥ ɋɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɸɬɶ Ȳɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɬɚ ɿɫɬɨɪɿɸ ɣɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɬɿɦ ɋɠɦɷɾɯ ʀ ɥɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɜɢɜɱɚɸɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɫɛ ɨɛɨɥɨɧɨɤ ± ɭ ɣɨɝɨ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɬɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɛ ɪɢɫɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɤɪɚʀɧ ʀɯɧɶɨɝɨ Ƚɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɞʀɟɫɩɬɯɠɫɛ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɜʀɩɬɯɠɫɛ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɣ Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ
ɦɥɧ ɤɦ2
ɦɥɧ ɤɦ2
ȿɠɭɛɦɷɨʀɳɠ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɝ ɥɩɡɨɩɧɮ ɢ ɪɮɨɥɭʀɝ ɪɦɛɨɮ ɭɣ ɟʀɢɨɛɾɳɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ
Ɍɪʀɝɝʀɟɨɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɦɥɧ ɤɦ2 ɦɥɧ ɤɦ2 ɦɥɧ ɤɦ2 5,9%Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɚ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ 9,2% Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ 36,4% 12,0% 16,5% ɦɥɧ ɤɦ2 ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ 20,4% Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ
Ɇɚɥ Ɋɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɩɥɨɳ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɡ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɥɢɦɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚɦɢ
ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɭɛ ʁɰ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɣ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɛɜɩ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɦɛɭ FRQWLQHQV WHUUD ³ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɧɛɬɣɝɣ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɺɥɣɰ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɾ ɨɛɟ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɧɩɫɺ ɛ ʁɰɨɺ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɝɥɫɣɭɛ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ɋɦɩɴʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɢ ɪɫɣɨɛɦɠɡɨɣɧɣ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɧɣ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɲɛɬɭɥɣ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɺɥɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɨɛ ɧɛɦɹɨɥɮ ɧɛɦ
ȼɫɬɭɩ ȼɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ ɮɬʀɾʁ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɪɫɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɬɮɰɩɟʀɦ ʀ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɂɨɛɲɨɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɩ ɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɬɮɰɩɟʀɦ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɛ ɮɬʀɰ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɧɠɨɳʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɣ ɨʀɡ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ³ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ Ⱦɫɠɨɦɛɨɟʀɺ ɪɦɩɴɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ Ɋɦɩɴʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɜɠɢ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɭɷ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ³ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ³ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ³ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ³ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ³ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ³ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ʌɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɛɫɰʀɪɠɦɛɞɣ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɨɛ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ³ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɩɥɠɛɨɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɩ ɫʀɢɨɺɭɷɬɺ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɪɦɩɴɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ ɇɠɡʀ ɧʀɡ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɧɣ ɩɥɠɛɨɛɧɣ ɪɩɟɠɥɮɟɣ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨɩ ɪɩ ɦʀɨʀɺɰ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɠɨɷ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɟɨɛ ɧɠɨɳɣɰ ɞɦɣɜɣɨ ɛɜɩ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨʀɝ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? Ɏ ɳɥɩɦɛɰ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɝɲɛɭɷ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɬɰɠɧɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɮ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɬɮɳʀ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɥɩɨɭɣ ɨɠɨɭʀɝ ɢɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɧɩɡɠ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ Ɏ ɝɣɪɛɟ ɥɮ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭʀɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɧɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷɬɺ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɭɛ Ȼɢʀɺ Ɍɰɠɧɮ ɴɩ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɾ ɬɮɳɮ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɮ Ʌɣɭɛʁ Ȳɨɟʀʁ ɭɛ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɛɨɞɦɩɧɩɝɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ
Ɇɚɥ Ɉɤɟɚɧɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɿ ɦɟɠɿ
ȼɫɬɭɩ
ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɟʀɦ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ Ɍɦʀɟ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɴɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɛ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɺ ʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɠɨʀ ɳɭɮɲɨɣɧɣ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɛɧɣ ³ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ Ɋɛɨɛɧɬɷɥɣɧ ɭɛ Ɍɮɠɱɷɥɣɧ ɥɛɨɛɦɛɧɣ Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩ ɬɥɦɛɦɩɬɺ ɭɛɥ ɴɩ ɬɮɰɩɟʀɦ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɑɠɤ ɪɩɟʀɦ ɝɣɨɣɥ ɝ ɠɪɩɰɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭʀɝ ɒɛɬɭɣɨ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɧɛɦ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɺ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɟɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɬɝʀɭɮ ³ Ȱɝɫɩɪɮ ɭɛ Ȼɢʀɹ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɬɛɧɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɟɝɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ³ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɭɷ ɩɟɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɬɝʀɭɮ ³ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɮ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɹɭɷ ɜɠɢ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɛ ɩɭ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɹɭɷ Ɇɚɥ ɑɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢ ɪɫɣɦɠɞɦɣɧɣ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɧɣ
ȿɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ɪɫɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɤ ɩɥɠɛɨɣ Ȼ ɢɛ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɩɧ ɥɫɛɴɠ Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɤ ɩɥɠɛɨɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɢɟɩɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɢ ɰɮɟɩɡɨʀɰ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɥɨɣɡɩɥ ɡɮɫɨɛɦʀɝ ɠɨɱɣɥɦɩɪɠɟʀɤ ɟɩɝʀɟɨɣɥʀɝ ɰɮɟɩɡɨʀɰ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɨɣɰ ɯʀɦɷɧʀɝ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦʀɝ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɣɰ ɝ Ȳɨɭɠɫɨɠɭʀ ɧɛɦ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɨɛɤɥɫɛɴɠ ɪɩɲɛɭɣ ɪʀɢɨɛɝɛɭɣ ɱʀ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɳɥʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥʀɝ Ȼɟɡɠ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɭɛɥʀ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɞɣ ɮ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɝɠɟɠɨɩ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɤ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɛ ɩɭɡɠ ɟɩɬɭɩɝʀɫɨʀ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɬʀ ɜɠɢ ɝɣɨɺɭɥʀɝ ɪɮɨɥɭɣ ɭɣɪɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɦɛɨɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɲɣ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɮɬɭɛɦɠɨʀɤ ɟɦɺ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ ɝ ɟɩɬɭɮɪɨʀɤ ɟɦɺ ɮɲɨʀɝ ɯɩɫɧʀ ɜɠɢ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɭɠɫɧʀɨʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɨɺɭɷ ɉɭɡɠ ɢɟɩɜɮɝɛɹɲɣ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɛ ɭɣ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɮɥɦɛɟɛɾɳ ɨɛ ɥɩɡɨɮ ɪɩɦɣɲɥɮ ɥɨɣɡɥɩɝɩʁ ɳɛɯɣ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɪɮɨɥɭɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɆɚɥ ɉɟɪɲɢɣ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɨɦɨɜɧɢɣ ɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɣ ɪɠɫɳɮ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɮ ɥɨɣɡɜɢɩɭɫɤ ɧɚɣɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɿɲɨɝɨ ɭ ɫɜɿɬɿ ɥɮ ȿʀɢɨɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɴɩɬɷ ɨɩɝɠ ɪɫɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɭ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ ɭɣ ɨɛɲɠ ɟɩɪɩɝɨɹɾɳ ɪɩɦɣɲɥɣ ɥɨɣɡɥɩɝɩʁ ɳɛɯɣ ɨɩɝɣɧɣ ɝɣɟɛɨɨɺɧɣ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɱʀɥɛɝɩ ɟɩ
ȼɫɬɭɩ ɪɩɝɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɱʀ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨʀ ɪɩɦɣɲɥɣ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɢɨɛɨɨɺɧɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɧɛɨɟɫɮɝɛɭɣɧɠɳ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɧɣ ɤ ɩɥɠɛɨɛɧɣ ȼɠɢ ɛɭɦɛɬʀɝ ɨɠ ɩɜʀɤɭɣɬɺ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭʀɝ ɥɫʀɧ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥʀɝ ɧɛɾ ɴɠ ɩɟɨɠ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɠ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩ ɢɨɛɨɷ ³ ɛɭɦɛɬ Ȼ ɛɭɦɛɬɣ ɺɥ ɭɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɳ ³ ɱɠ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛɭɣɢɩɝɛɨʀ ɢɜʀɫɥɣ ɥɛɫɭ Ɏ ɳɥʀɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɛɭɦɛɬʀ ɟɦɺ ɥɦɛɬɮ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɥɛɫɭ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɹɭɷ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɲɣ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɛɦɠ ɾ ɭɛɥɩɡ ʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɍɩɜɭɩ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɩɝɣɧ ɩɰɩɪɦɠɨɨɺɧ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ȿɦɺ ɮɲɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝɣɟɛɨɩ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɛɭɦɛɬ ɝ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭɺɭɷɬɺ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɟɦɺ ɮɬʀɰ ɥɮɫɬʀɝ ɳɥʀɦɷɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ
Ʌɛɫɭɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ʁɰ ɥɦɛɬɣɯʀɥɛɱʀɺ Ʌɛɫɭɣ ɢɛ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɩɧ ɔɠ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɢɛ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɩɧ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɨʀ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɣ ɝʀɟ ʀ ɜʀɦɷɳʀ ³ ɟɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɨʀ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɣ ɧɠɨɳ ɨʀɡ ʀ ɟɩ ɝɥɦɹɲɨɩ ɭɛ ɟɫʀɜɨɩɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɧɠɨɳʀ ɨʀɡ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɛɤɧɠɨɳʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɲɣ ɩɥɠɛɨɣ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɹɭɷ ɭɛɥɮ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɮɦʀ ɴɩ ɝ ɛɭɦɛɬʀ ɤ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɛ ɨɛɬɭʀɨɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ ʁɰ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɢɣɭɣ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɟɫʀɜɨɩɧɮ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜʀ Ʌɫʀɧ ɥɦɛɬɣɯʀɥɛɱʀʁ ɢɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɩɝɣɧ ɩɰɩɪɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɭɛ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɩɧ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɥɦɛɬɣɯʀɥɮɹɭɷ ɢɛ ɢɧʀɬɭɩɧ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ Ʌɛɫɭɣ ɢɛ ɢɧʀɬɭɩɧ ɂɛ ɢɧʀɬɭɩɧ ɥɛɫ ɭɣ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɭɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɞɠɩ ɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɤ ɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɝɥɛɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɛɢɝɛ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩ ɫʀʁ ʀ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɛ ɥɛɫɭɛ Ɉɛ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɞɠɩɞɫɛ ɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ ɢ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɣɧ ɬɭɮɪɠɨɠɧ ɟɠɭɛɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɨɠɬɠɨɩ ɝɬʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɤ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨʀ ɪɮɨɥɭɣ ɭɫɛɨɬɪɩɫɭɨʀ ɳɦɺɰɣ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɭɩɴɩ ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɮ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɩɟʀɜɨʀ ɟɩ ɪɦɛɨʀɝ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɬɭʀ ɧɛɦ ɢ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɭɣ Ɇɚɥ Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɝɬɺ ɝ ɥɦɛɬʀ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨʀ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɢ
ȼɫɬɭɩ ɍɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɨɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɩɟɣɨ ɛɜɩ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ Ʌɶɜɿɜ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɲɣ ɺɝɣɴ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɟɠɌɟɪɧɨɩɿɥɶ ɭɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɹ ɭɛ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɩɹ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛ ɨɣɰ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩ ɧɩɞɩɹ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝɨɣɰ ɢɨɛɥʀɝ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɜɮɭɣ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨʀ ɭɛɥʀ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɪɩɥɛɢɮɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɞɠɩȱɜɚɧɨ Ɏɪɚɧɤɿɜɫɶɤ ɍɠɝɨɪɨɞ ɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ ɜɮɟɩɝɮ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧʀɬɺɲɨʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɑɟɪɧɿɜɰɿ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɍɠɧɛ ɺɥʀɤ ɪɫɣɬɝɺɲɠɨʀ ɱʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɝɥɛɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ʁʁ ɨɛɢɝʀ ɍɛɥ ɮ ɳɥʀɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɛɭɦɛɬʀ ɥɦɛɬɮ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɩɝɛɨɩ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɆɚɥ Ɍɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɿɜ ɥɛ ɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɭ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɪɿɱɨɤ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ Ʉɚɪɩɚɬ ɯʀɢɣɲɨɛ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɛ ɥɛɫɭɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɩɨ ɔɩɜ ɪɩɝɨɩɹ ɧʀɫɩɹ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɛɭɦɛɬɮ ɟɦɺ ɪʀɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɮɝɛɡɨɩ ɩɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɮ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɧɛɦ Ɍɭɛɨɮɭɷ ɮ ɪɫɣɞɩɟʀ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɥɩɭɫʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɩ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɂɟɩɜɮɭʀ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɭɩɜʀ ɞɦɣɜɳɠ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɠ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɭɺ ɫɠɞʀɩɨʀɝ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɑɠ ɮ ɬɝɩɹ ɲɠɫɞɮ ɟɛɬɭɷ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɪʀɟɞɩɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɰ ɥɮɫɬʀɝ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɭɣ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɢ ɜʀɩɦɩɞʀʁ ɭɛ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɩɫʀɾɨɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɣɰ ɨɩɝɣɨɛɰ ʀɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɬɯɠɫ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɛ Ʌɛɫɭɣ ɢɛ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɂɛ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨʀ ɟɠ ɧɩɨɬɭɫɛɱʀɤɨʀ ɤ ɟɩɝʀɟɥɩɝʀ Ɍɛɧɠ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝʀ ɪɩɬʀɜɨɣɥɣ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɝ ɲɠɨɨɺ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɓɥʀɦɷɨʀ ɨɛɆɚɥ Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɢ ɝɲɛɦɷɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɢ ɞɠɩ ɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɭɛ ɺɝɣɴɛ ʀ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɩɜɭɺɡɠɨʀ ɟɫɮɞɩɫɺɟɨɩɹ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɾɹ Ɉɛɬɭʀɨɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɪɫɣɬɭɩɬɩɝɛɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɥɩ ɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɝɬʀɧɛ ɮɲɨɺɧɣ ɥɦɛɬɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɨɛɪɣɬɣ ɨɛ
ȼɫɬɭɩ ɨɣɰ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɧɣ Ɉɛɬɭʀɦɷɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɛɭɦɛɬʀɝ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɩ ɟɦɺ ʀɨɟɣɝʀɟɮɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɮɲɨʀɝ ɺɥ ɮ ɳɥɩɦʀ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɝɟɩɧɛ ȿɠɧɩɨɬɭɫɛɱʀɤɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɴɩ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɾ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɣɧɣ ɤ ɟɩɰʀɟɦɣɝɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɦɛ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɧɛɦ ȿɩɝʀɟɥɩɝʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩ ɟɩɝʀɟɥɩɝʀ ɭɮɫɣɬɭɬɷɥʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝʀ ɭɩɴɩ Ƚʀɟ ɳɥʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɭ ɨɛɮɥɩ ɝɩ ɟɩɝʀɟɥɩɝʀ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɧ ɬɭɮɪɠɨɠɧ ɟɠɭɛɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ Ɇɚɥ Ⱦɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɿɣɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ ɬɭɹ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ɴɩ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɢɛɥɦɛɟɠɨɛ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɳɥʀɦɷɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɧʀɬɭɺɭɷ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɩɜɬɺɞ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭɠɤ ɪɫɩ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɤ ɬɝʀɭ Ɉɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ʁɰ ɮɝɛɡɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɩ ɨɣɢɥɮ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɰ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɝʀɟ ɥɫɣɭɭʀɝ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɲɣɬɦʀ ɝ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɍɩɧɮ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɝɲɣɭɣɬɺ ɺɥɨɛɤɪɩɝɨʀɳɠ Ƚɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩ ɟɩɬɭɮɪɨɮ ɥɩɧɪ·ɹɭɠɫɨɮ ɪɫɩ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɢɧʀɬɭ ɥɛɫɭ ɞɫɛɧɮ ©*RRJOH (DUWKª ³ ©Ⱦɮɞɦ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɛ ɂɠɧɦɺª ɭɣ ɧɩɡɠɳ Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɜɫɬɭɩ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɮ ɯɩɫɧɛɭʀ ' ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɥɮɭɩɲɩɥ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ 1. ɓɨ ɜɢɜɱɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɤɭɪɫɿ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɥɮɦʀ ɬɯɩɭɩɞɫɛɯɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɢ ɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ" ɥɩɬɧɩɬɮ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩ 2. ɍ ɹɤɿɣ ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɧɣɦɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɯɩɭɩɢɨʀɧɥɛɧɣ ɬɟɪɢɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɱʀɥɛɝɣɰ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɣɰ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ" ɦɹɜɣɭɠɦɺɧɣ 3. əɤ ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɦɿɠ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɩɥɨɳɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ"
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4. ɑɢɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ
ɫɜɿɬɭ" 5. əɤ ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɦɿɠ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɩɥɨɳɿ
ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ" 6. Ɂ ɹɤɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɝɟɨ-
ɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ"
ȼɫɬɭɩ 7. əɤɿ ɤɚɪɬɢ ɡɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɦ ɿ ɨɯɨɩɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɢ-
ɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ" 8. əɤ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɭɸɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɿ ɡɦɿɫɬɨɦ" 9. əɤɿ ɤɚɪɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɿ ɡɦɿɫɬɨɦ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɿ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɜɱɟɧ-
ɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ɑɢɦ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɿ ɬɚ ɱɢɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɡɦɿɫɬɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ ɿ ɤɥɚɫɿɜ" 2. Ȼɿɥɶɲɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ ɞɟ ɜɨɧɢ ɡɚɣɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɥɨɳɭ ɦɥɧ ɤɦ2 Ɉɛɱɢɫɥɢ ɹɤɭ ɱɚɫɬɤɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɭɯɨɞɿɥ ɭ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɩɥɨɳɿ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɶ 3. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɜ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɯ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɩɥɨɳɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ ɫɜɿɬɭ 4. ȼɢɩɢɲɢ ɜ ɡɨɲɢɬ ɧɚɡɜɢ ɤɚɪɬ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɡɿ ɲɤɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɬɥɚɫɭ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɚɫɭ 5. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɜ ȱɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ Ɂɟɦɥɿ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ
ǵǮǸǼǻǼǺǥǾǻǼǿȀǥ ȂǼǾǺȁǰǮǻǻȍ ǽǾǶǾǼDzǶ ǺǮȀdzǾǶǸǥǰ ǥ ǼǸdzǮǻǥǰ
Ɍɟɦɚ
Ɏ ɨɪɦɚ ɿ ɪɭɯɢ Ɂɟɦɥɿ
Ɍɟɦɚ
Ɇ ɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ² ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨʀ ɨɛɨɥɨɧɤɢ
Ɉɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɰɿ ɞɜɿ ɬɟɦɢ ɬɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɿɲɟ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɟɲ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɤɭɥɹɫɬɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɢ ʀʀ ɨɫɶɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɨɪɛɿɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɯɿɜ Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɽɲ ɳɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɞɧɿ ɫɨɧɰɟɫɬɨɹɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɪɿɜɧɨɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɹɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɬɢɫɤɭ ɜɿɬɪɿɜ ɧɚɞ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɸ Ɂɟɦɥɿ Ɍɚɤɨɠ ɬɢ ɡɦɨɠɟɲ ɫɤɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɭɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɜɚɬɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɡɚɩɚɞɢɧ ɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ ɩɥɢɬ
Ɍɟɦɚ
Ɏ ɈɊɆȺ ȱ Ɋɍɏɂ ɁȿɆɅȱ
ɏɩɫɧɛ ʀ ɫɮɰɣ ɂɠɧɦʀ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ Ⱦɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɧɟɛɟɫɧɢɯ ɬɿɥ ɧɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ Ɂɟɦɥɹ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɞɨɛɚ ɪɿɤ" əɤɚ ʀɯɧɹ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɶ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɿ" əɤɿ ɪɢɬɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨʀ ɨɛɨɥɨɧɤɢ"
Ʌɮɦɺɬɭɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɭɛ ʁʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ Ƚɠɦɠɭɠɨɬɷɥɛ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɥɮɦɺ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɺɥ ʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɣ Ɍɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɧɛɾ ɥɮɦɺɬɭɮ ɯɩɫɧɮ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɟɮɡɠ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɮ ɟɩ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɥɮɦʀ ȿʀɛɧɠɭɫ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ ɥɧ ɀɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɫɛɟʀɮɬ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɮ ɪɦɩɴɣɨʀ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɥɧ ɛ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɤ ɫɛɟʀɮɬ ɢɜʀɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɮɺɝɨɩɹ ɪʀɝɝʀɬɬɹ ɂɠɧɦʀ ³ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɥɧ ɉɭɡɠ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɫɛɟʀɮɬ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɨɛ ɥɧ ɟɩɝɳɣɤ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɩɞɩ ɑɠ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɴɩ ɨɛɳɛ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɛ Ʉɨɥɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɿ ɪɚɞɿɭɫ ɟɠɴɩ ɬɪɦɹɬɨɮɭɛ ɜʀɦɺ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ ȿɩɝɡɣɨɛ ɹɤɨʀ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɦɭ ɪɚɞɿɭɫɭ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ± ɦ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɦɛ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨɩɞɩ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɩɜɣɟɝɛ ɪɩɦɹɬɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɥɧ ɛ ɟɩɝ ɡɣɨɛ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ³ ɥɧ ɧɛɦ ȼɟɥɢɤɟ ɤɨɥɨ Ɂɟɦɥɿ Ɋɦɩɴɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɮɦʀ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɭ ɩɥɨɳɢɧɿ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɚ ± ɧɦɨ ɥɧ ɤɦ ȼɟɥɢɤɟ ɤɨɥɨ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ȿɦɺ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɥɛɫɭ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɭ ɩɥɨɳɢɧɿ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɥɟɠɧɢɯ ɂɠɧɦɹ ɪɫɣɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɢɛ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɮ ɥɮɦɹ ʀɢ ɦɟɪɢɞɿɚɧɿɜ ± ɤɦ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɧ ɫɛɟʀɮɬɩɧ ɥɧ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ Ɇɚɥ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɫʀɢɨɣɱɺ ɧʀɡ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɧ ʀ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɧ ɫɛɟʀɮɬɛɧɣ ɾ ɟɮɡɠ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨɩɹ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɝʀɟ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɫɛɟʀɮɬɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ȿɩɝɡɣɨɮ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɪɫɣɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɢɛ ɥɧ Ʌɮɦɺɬɭʀɬɭɷ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɤ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɏɩɫɧɛ ʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɣ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɍɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɳ ɴɩ ɥɮɦɺɬɭɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɾ ɢɧɠɨ ɳɠɨɨɺ ɥɮɭɛ ɪɛɟʀɨɨɺ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀɝ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɨɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɹ Ɇɚɥ ȼɿɞɦɿɧɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɭɬɚ ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ɬʀɝ ɧɛɦ ɍɩɧɮ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɜɦɣɡɲʀ ɟɩ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɿɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɲɢɪɨɬɢ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɿ ɪɭɯɢ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɹɭɷ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɨʀɡ ɭʀ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ Ƚʀɟ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɨɩɞɩ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɛ ɤ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀɤ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɱʀ Ɋɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɱɠ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɭɣɬɥɮ ʀ ɝʀɭɫʀɝ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ʀ ɫɠɡɣɧ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɪɠɫɠɜʀɞɮ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɝɣɝʀɭɫɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɧɛɦ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɮɭɫɣɧɮɾ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɮ ɇʀɬɺɱɷ ³ ɬɮɪɮɭɨɣɥ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɟʀɛɧɠɭɫ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɝɲɠɭɝɠɫɩ ɧɠɨɳɣɤ ɝʀɟ ɢɠɧɨɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɛɭɧɩ ɬɯɠɫɣ
ɋɮɰɣ ɂɠɧɦʀ ʁɰ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ ȿɩɜɩɝɣɤ ɫɮɰ ʀ ɫɣɭɧʀɲɨʀɬɭɷ ɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀɤ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɱʀ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɺɥ ʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɣ Ɍɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɜɠɫɠ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɮ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ Ɇɚɥ Ƚɿɪɫɶɤɿ ɩɨɪɨɞɢ ɪɭɣɧɭɝɣɟɛɰ ɫɮɰɮ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɫɮɰɛɧɣ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɾ ɟɩɜɩɝɠ ɸɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɞɭɠɟ ɧɢɡɶɩɜɠɫɭɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɮɺɝɨɩʁ ɩɬʀ ɤ ɫʀɲɨɣɤ ɫɮɰ ɪɩ ɤɢɯ ɬɚɤ ɿ ɜɢɫɨɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɩɫɜʀɭʀ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɉɜɠɫɭɛɨɨɺ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɮɺɝɨɩʁ ɩɬʀ ɧɛɾ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɫɺɟ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɰ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥʀɝ ɉɟɨɣɧ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɾ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ɍɪɦɹɬɨɮɭʀɬɭɷ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɜʀɦɺ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ ɾ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɧ ʁʁ ɩɜɠɫɭɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɩɬʀ ɟɣɝ ɧɛɦ ɂ ɟɩɜɩɝɣɧ ɩɜɠɫɭɛɨɨɺɧ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɢɧʀɨɛ ɟɨɺ ʀ ɨɩɲʀ ɛ ɩɭɡɠ ɤ ɟɩɜɩɝɛ ɫɣɭ Ɍɟɩɥɟ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɧʀɲɨʀɬɭɷ ɺɝɣɴ ʀ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀɤ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɱʀ ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɝʀɟɩɧɣɧɣ ɾ ɟɩɜɩɝɣɤ ɰʀɟ ɭɠɧɪɠ ɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɟɠɨɨɣɤ ʀ ɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ³ ɜɫɣɢɣ ɨɛ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɰ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɏɨɥɨɞɧɟ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɪɫɣɦɠɞɦɣɰ ɟɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɝɩɟɩɤɧ ɧɛɦ Ⱦȿɇɖ ȿɮɡɠ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɩ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɣɤ ɟɩɜɩɝɣɤ ɫɣɭɧ ɏɨɥɨɞɧɟ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɡɣɝɩʁ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɩɧ ɟɩɜɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɫɭɛɨɨɺ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɾ ɝʀɟɰɣɦɠɨɨɺ ɭʀɦ ɴɩ ɫɮɰɛ ɹɭɷɬɺ Ɍɟɩɥɟ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɛɦɷɨɩ ɝʀɭɫʀɝ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɠɲʀɤ ʀ ɭ ɟ ɝʀɟ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɝʀɬɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɝ Ɋʀɝ ɇȱɑ ɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ³ ɝɪɫɛɝɩ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ³ ɮɦʀɝɩ Ƚɩɨɩ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɠ ɟʀɾɹ ɬɣɦɣ ʀɨɠɫɱʀʁ ³ Ɇɚɥ Ⱦɟɧɧɢɣ ɿ ɧɿɱɧɢɣ ɛɪɢɡɢ ɬɣɦɩɹ Ʌɩɫʀɩɦʀɬɛ ɨɛɢɝɛɨɩɹ ɨɛ ɲɠɬɭɷ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɝɲɠɨɩɞɩ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɪɩɺɬɨɣɝ ɱɠ ɺɝɣɴɠ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɱɺ ɬɣɦɛ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɾ ɨɛ ɭʀɦɛ ɴɩ ɫɮɰɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɂ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ʀ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ ɝʀɟɰɣɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɫɩɬɭɛɾ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɩɜɠɫɭɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɮɺɝɨɩʁ ɩɬʀ ʀɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɾ ɫɮɰ ɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɞɩɟɣɨɨɣɥɩɝɩʁ ɬɭɫʀɦɥɣ ɧɛɦ Ɋɫɩɧʀɡɩɥ ɲɛɬɮ ɢɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɛ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɾ ɩɟɣɨ ɪɩɝɨɣɤ ɩɜɠɫɭ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɩɬʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɟɩɜɩɹ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɩɜɠɫɭɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɩɬʀ ɴɠ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɟɩɜɩɝɣɧ ɩɜɠɫɭɛɨɨɺɧ Ɇɚɥ ȼɩɥɢɜ ɫɢɥɢ Ʉɨɪɿɨɥɿɫɚ ɧɚ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɳɨ ɪɭɯɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨ ɨɛ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɥɩɨɥɫɠɭɨɣɤ ɩɨɥɸɫɿɜ ɞɨ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɩɧɠɨɭ ɲɛɬɮ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɬɝɩɾ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɠ ɝʀɟ ɮɬʀɰ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨʀɝ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɧɛɦ ɍɛɥ ɺɥɴɩ ɨɛ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɢ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨʀɝ ɮ ɪɩɦɮɟɠɨɷ ɜɮɟɠ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɛ ɟɨɺ ɭɩ ɨɛ ɪɫɩɭɣɦɠɡɨɩɧɮ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɾ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɛ ɨɩɲʀ ³ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ɛɜɩ ɞɩɟ ɉɭɡɠ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɴɩ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɫʀɢɨɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ ɟɩɝɞɩɭɮ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ɟɩɜɣ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɤ ɲɛɬ ɨɛ ɞɩɟɣɨɨɣɥɛɰ ɫʀɢɨɣɤ ɍɛɥ ɥɩɦɣ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɫɛɨɥɮ ɭɩ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ³ ɝɠɲɩɫɛ ɛ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ³ ɨɩɲʀ ɋɮɰ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɫɮɰɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɩ ɩɫ ɜʀɭʀ ɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ʀɢ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɹ ɳɝɣɟɥʀɬɭɹ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɥɧ ɬ Ɏɝɠɬɷ ɳɦɺɰ ɢɛ ɫʀɥ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɫɩɰɩ ɟɣɭɷ ɢɛ ɟʀɜ ɞɩɟ ɰɝ ɬ Ƚʀɬɷ ɟɩɜɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɜɠɫɭɛɨɨɺ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɨɛɰɣɦɠɨɛ ɟɩ ɪɦɩɴɣɨɣ ʁʁ ɩɫɜʀɭɣ ɪʀɟ ɥɮɭɩɧ Ƚɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɲɣ ɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɭɩɲɥɛɰ ɩɫɜʀɭɣ ɝɩɨɛ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɛɨɛ ɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɬɛɧɩɧɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ©ɟɣɝɣɭɷɬɺª ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɧ ɪɩɦɹɬɩɧ ɨɛ Ɋɩɦɺɫɨɮ ɢʀɫɥɮ ɑɠ ɪɫɣɢɝɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳɣɰ ɞɠɩ ɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɨɛɬɦʀɟ ɥʀɝ ³ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɪʀɫ ɫɩɥɮ ɛ ɭɛ ɥɩɡ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɬɭʀ ɟɨɺ ʀ ɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɩɥɫʀɧ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ Ɉɛɰɣɦ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɩɬʀ ɟɩ ɪɦɩɴɣɨɣ ɩɫɜʀɭɣ ɢʀ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɛɨɩɬɭʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɹɬɛ Ɇɚɥ ȼɿɞɦɿɧɧɿɫɬɶ ɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɧɚ ɨɛ Ɋɩɦɺɫɨɮ ɢʀɫɥɮ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɾ ɫʀɢɨɣɤ ɥɮɭ ɪɛɟʀɨɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɦɟɪɢɞɿɚɧɚɯ ɨɺ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀɝ ɮ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɪɩɫɣ ɫɩɥɮ ɑɠ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɿ ɪɭɯɢ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɝ ɬɝɩɹ ɲɠɫɞɮ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɾ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɝ ɬɭɮɪɠɨʀ ɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɨɛ 23,5° ɭɣɰ ɬɛɧɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɢɧʀɨɮ ɭɫɣ ɜɟɪɟɫɧɹ ɝɛɦɩɬɭʀ ɟɨɺ ʀ ɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɩɥɫʀɧ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɠɨɠɫ ɝɪɭɞɧɹ ɱɟɪɜɧɹ ɞʀʁ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɾ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɮ ɛɟɪɟɡɧɹ ɺɥɴɩ ɬɩɨɺɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀ ɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɪʀɟ ɪɫɺɧɣɧ ɥɮɭɩɧ ɟɩ ɪɦɩɴɣɨɣ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɮ ɭɩɜɭɩ Ɇɚɥ Ɋɭɯ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɨ ɋɨɧɰɹ ɪɫɺɧɩɝɣɬɨɩ ɍɛɥɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɝʀɭɣɦɛ ɨɛ ɨɠɜɩɬɰɣɦʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ Ɍɩɨɱɠɧ ɮ ɢɠɨʀɭʀ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɢɣ ɬɪɨɩɿɤ ɱɟɪɜɧɹ ɝɪɭɞɧɹ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɟ ɤɨɥɨ ɂɛɤɧɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɩɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɜɦɣɢɷɥʀ ɟɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ȿɝʀ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨʀɳʀ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ɨɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɟɠɨɷ ɮ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɟ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɟ ɤɨɥɨ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɢɣ ɬɪɨɩɿɤ ɫɩɱʀ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɝ ɢɠɨʀɭʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɭɫɩɆɚɥ Ɉɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɿ ɜ ɞɧɿ ɪʀɥɛɧɣ Ɉɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɮ ɭɫɩ ɥɿɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɡɢɦɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɧɰɟɫɬɨɹɧɶ ɪʀɥɮ ɋɛɥɛ ³ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ɪɨ ɳ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀ ɩɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɺɧɩɝɣɬɨɩ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɲɠɫɝɨɺ ɧɛɦ Ɍɛɧɠ ɱɠɤ ɟɠɨɷ ɥɩɦɣ ɝʀɬɷ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɧ ɥʀɨɱɠɧ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɨɛɰɣɦɠɨɛ ɟɩ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɟɨɠɧ ɦʀɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ ɞɫɮɟɨɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɩɬʀ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɝʀɟɝɠɫɨɮɭɣɤ ɝʀɟ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɍɩɟʀ ɨɠɜɠɬɨɠ ɬɝʀɭɣɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɾ ɝ ɢɠɨʀɭʀ ɨɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɮ ɛɜɩ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɮ Ʌɩɢɠɫɩɞɛ ɪɟ ɳ ɑɠ ɟɠɨɷ ɢɣɧɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɩɨɱɠɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ Ɍɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɭɫɣɝɛɭɣ ɟɨʀ ɤ ɨɩɲʀ" ȿɦɺ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɲɣɨ ɫʀɢɨɩʁ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɬɭʀ ɟɨɺ ɨɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɟɩɱʀɦɷɨɩ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺɧ ɭɠɫɧʀɨɛɭɩɫ ɪʀɟ ɺɥɣɧ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɹɭɷ ɦʀɨʀɹ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɾ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɮ ɬɝʀɭɦɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɨɠɜɠɬɨɩɞɩ ɭʀɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɨɠɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɩʁ ɭɠɧɨɩʁ ɍɠɫɧʀɨɛɭɩɫ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɧɛɦɩ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɦʀɨʀʁ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɩʁ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɩɧ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɮɦʀ ɪɦɩɴɣɨɩɹ ɴɩ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɲɠɫɠɢ ʁʁ ɱɠɨɭɫ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɛ ɥɮɦʀ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɾ ɶ ɨ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɩɹ ɛ ɟɫɮɞɛ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɛ ³ ɢɛɭɠɧɨɠȾɟɧ ɧɶɨɝ ɬ ɿ ɥ ɰɟ ɫɨɧ ɨɹɧɧɹ ɨɩɹ ɧɛɦ ɫɬ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɟ ɤɨɥɨ Ɋɫɩɛɨɛɦʀɢɮɾɧɩ ɩɫʀɾɨɭɛɱʀɹ ɮɺɝɨɩʁ ɪɦɩ- ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɢɣ ɬɪɨɩɿɤ ɴɣɨɣ ɦʀɨʀɺ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɮ ʀɢ ɢɠɧɨɩɹ ɪɩɝɠɫɰ- ȿɤɜɚɬɨɪ ɨɠɹ ɺɥɩʁ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɛ ɟɩ ɭɠɫɧʀɨɛɭɩɫɛ Ɏ ɟɨʀ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɢɣ ɬɪɨɩɿɤ Ⱦɟ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɟ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɟ ɤɨɥɨ ɡɢɦɧɶ ɬɩɨɱɠɬɭɩɺɨɷ ɝʀɬɷ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɾ ɢ ɨɠɹ ɫɨɧ ɨɜɨɝ ɫɬ ɰɟ ɨ ɨɹɧ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɥɮɭ ³ ɟɣɝ ɧɛɦ ɧɹ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɷ ɨɩɲʀ ɤ ɟɨɺ ɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɆɚɥ ȼɿɞɦɿɧɧɿɫɬɶ ɦɿɠ ɤɭɬɚɦɢ ɭɛɰ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɿɜ ɭ ɞɧɿ ɟɩɜɣ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧɣ ɲɣ ɨɛɤɧɠɨɫɨɧɰɟɫɬɨɹɧɧɹ ɳɣɧɣ ɢɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɹ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɲɠɫɝɨɺ ɭɛ ɮ ɜɦɣɢɷɥʀ ɟɩ ɱʀɾʁ ɟɛɭɣ ɟɨʀ ɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɧʀɡ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦɺɧɣ ʀ ɪɨ ɳ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɛɥ ɢɝɛɨʀ ɜʀɦʀ ɨɩɲʀ ɍɛɥ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɥɩ ɫɩɭɥʀ ɨɩɲʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɬɧɠɫɥɛɨɨɺ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɮ ɬɝʀɭɛɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɰɩɟɩɧ ɛ ɩɭɡɠ ɭɠɧɨɩʁ ɨɩɲʀ ɝɢɛɞɛɦʀ ɨɠɧɛɾ
ȼʀɦɛ ɨʀɲ ɮ Ⱦɠɦɷɬʀɨɥʀ
Ɇɚɥ Ɉɪɿɽɧɬɚɰɿɹ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɨɪɛɿɬɢ
ɍɛɥ ɲɠɫɝɨɺ ³ ɨɛɤɟɩɝɳɣɤ ɟɠɨɷ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ Ɉɛ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ɪɨ ɳ ɮ ɟɠɨɷ ɦʀɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɩɨɱɠɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɨɠ ɢɛɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɝɢɛɞɛɦʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲ ɨʀɳɠ ɱʀɾʁ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ɝɩɨɩ ɧɩɡɠ ɨɠ ɢɛɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɛɜɩ ɨɠ ɬɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɟʀɜ ɛ ɨɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɦɹɬʀ ³ ɪʀɝɫɩɥɮ ɍɛɥɮ ɨʀɲ ɛɜɩ ɟɠɨɷ ɺɥʀ ɭɫɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɩɟɨɮ ɟɩɜɮ ʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɧɣ Ȼ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦɷ ɪɨ ɳ ³ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɧ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɧ ɥɩɦɩɧ ɧɛɦ ɑɺ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦɷ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɛ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɳɠ ɝʀɟ ɨɠʁ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɦɺɫɨʀ ɟɨʀ ɭɛ ɪɩɦɺɫɨʀ ɨɩɲʀ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɹ ɝʀɟ ɟɝɩɰ ɟʀɜ ɟɩ ɪʀɝɫɩɥɮ ɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɠ ³ ɥɩɡɨɛ ɟɩɜɛ ɮ ɫɩɱʀ ɧɛɾ ɟɠɨɷ ʀ ɨʀɲ Ɏ ɟɠɨɷ ɢɣɧɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɩɨɱɠɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ ɨɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɩɧɮ ɥɩɦʀ ɤ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɳɠ ɝʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɨɠ ɬɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɭɫɣɝɛɾ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɛ ɨʀɲ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɠ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɠ ɥɩɦɩ ɧɛɾ ɳɣɫɩɭɮ ɪɟ ɳ Ɉɛ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɝ ɟɠɨɷ ɦʀɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɩɨɱɠɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ ɲɠɫɝɨɺ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɛ ɨʀɲ ɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɩɧɮ ɥɩɦʀ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɛ ɨʀɲ ɭɩ ɨɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ³ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɤ ɟɠɨɷ ɞɫɮɟɨɺ ɉɭɡɠ ɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɧʀɡ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɦɛ ɧɣ ʀ ɪɩɦɹɬɛɧɣ ɪɩɦɺɫɨʀ ɟɨʀ ɤ ɨɩɲʀ ɭɫɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɟʀɜ ɟɩ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɧʀɬɺɱʀɝ ɪʀɝ ɫɩɥɮ ɨɛ ɪɩɦɹɬɛɰ ɋɠɳɭɮ ɫɩɥɮ ɨɛ ɱɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɥɫʀɧ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɛ ɢɧʀɨɛ ɟɨɺ ʀ ɨɩɲʀ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɟɩɜɣ Ɉɛ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɣɰ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɰ ɥʀɦ ɮɦʀɭɥɮ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɜʀɦʀ ɨɩɲʀ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɯʀɥɬɮɝɛɭɣ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɟʀɜ ɔɩ ɡ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɹ ɟɨɺ ʀ ɥɮɭɩɧ ɪɛɟʀɨɨɺ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀɝ ɧʀɡ ɟɨɺɧɣ ɬɩɨɱɠɬɭɩɺɨɷ" Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɞɫɮɟɨɺ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɟɠɨɷ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɑɠ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɩ ɢ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɮɺɝɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɣɨɛ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɛ ɟɩ ɭɠɫɧʀɨɛɭɩɫɛ ɫɩɢɝɠɫɭɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɝ ɜʀɥ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɧɛɦ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɥɮɭ ɺɥɣɤ ɝɩɨɛ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɾ ɢ ɝʀɬɬɹ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɢɧɠɨɳɮ-
ɌȿɆȺ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɿ ɪɭɯɢ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɾɭɷɬɺ ɜɠɫɠɢɨɺ ɱɺ ɪɦɩɴɣɨɛ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɭɛɥɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɝʀɬɷ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɩɪɣɨɺ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɨʀɤ ɭɠɫɧʀɨɛɭɩɫ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɾ ɝɬʀ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ Ɉɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɷ ɟɨɺ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɨɛɝɪʀɦ ɍɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɷ ɟɨɺ ɨɛ ɮɬʀɰ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɮ ɫʀɝɨɩɟɠɨɨɺ ɜɮɟɠ ɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɥɫʀɧ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɟɩɫʀɝɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɰɝɣɦɣɨ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɢɛ ɨɹɾ ɨɩɲʀ ɍɩɧɮ ɱɹ ɟɛɭɮ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɟɨɠɧ ɝɠɬ ɞɩɟ ɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɷ ɨɩɲʀ ɨɺɨɩɞɩ ɫʀɝɨɩɟɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɧɠɨɳɩɹ ɑɠ ɪɩɝ·ɺ ɂ ɜɠɫɠɢɨɺ ɟɩ ɲɠɫɝɨɺ ɥɮɭ ɧʀɡ ɝʀɬɬɹ ɢɛɨɩ ɢ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɟɨɺ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɭɛ ɪɦɩɴɣɨɩɹ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩɹ ɟɩ ɭɠɫɧʀɨɛɭɩɫɛ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɢɛ ɪɩɺɝɩɹ ɨɛɟ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɾ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɝ ɢɠɨʀɭʀ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɩɧ ɥɫɛɹ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɭɫɩɪʀɥ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɫɮɰɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɪɩ ɩɫɜʀɭʀ ɞɩ ɟɣɬɥɛ ɛ ɨɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɱɠɨɭɫɛ ɝʀɟ ɦʀɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɢɣɧɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɩɨɱɠɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ ɝɠɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɢ ɺɝɣɴɠɧ ɪɠɝɨɩɞɩ ɫɠɬɨɺ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɛ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɭɩɲɥɮ ɩɬʀɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɥɫɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɪɩ ɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɝʀɭɦɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀɝ ɫʀɝɨɩɟɠɨɨɺ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ʁɰ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɥɫʀɢɷ Ƚ ɮɬʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɟɨʀ ɥɫʀɧ ɫʀɝɨɩɟɠɨɷ ɨɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɳɣ ɫɩɭɛɰ ɢɛ ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩɧ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɟɨɺ ʀ ɨɩɲʀ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɇʀɡ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɧɣ ɪɨ ɳ ʀ ɪɟ ɳ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɟɩɜɣ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɟɠɨɷ ʀ ɨʀɲ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɮ ɟɨʀ ɫʀɝɨɩɟɠɨɷ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɾ ɝ ɢɠɨʀɭʀ ɨɛɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɩɧ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɝ ɱʀ ɟɨʀ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨʀ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɹɭɷ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɭɠɪɦɛ Ɉɛ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦɺɰ ɧʀɡ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛɧɣ ɬɩɨɺɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀ ɩɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɺ ɧɩɝɣɬɨɩ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɾ ɝ ɢɠɨʀɭʀ ɟɝʀɲʀ ɨɛ ɫʀɥ Ɉɛ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀ ɱɠ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɴɩɪʀɝɫɩɥɮ ɨɛ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦɺɰ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɣɰ ɟɩ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛ ³ ɮ ɟɨʀ ɜɦɣɢɷɥʀ ɟɩ ɟɨʀɝ ɬɩɨɱɠɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ ɉɭɡɠ ɟɦɺ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɲɛ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɴɩ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɫɮɰɛ ɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɧʀɡ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛɧɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɳɠ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɠ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɭɫɩɪʀɥʀɝ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɝ ɢɠɨʀɭʀ Ȼɬɭɫɩɨɩɧʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɫɣ ɫɩɥɮ ʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɨɺ ɂʀ ɢɧʀɨɩɹ ɝɣɬɩɭɣ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɨɛɟ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɩɧ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɫɣ ɫɩɥɮ ɛɬɭɫɩɨɩɧʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɫɣ ɫɩɥɮ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɭɷ ɬɺ ɮ ɟɨʀ ɬɩɨɱɠɬɭɩɺɨɷ ³ ɦʀɭɩ ʀ ɢɣɧɛ ɛ ɩɬʀɨɷ ʀ ɝɠɬɨɛ ³ ɢ ɟɨʀɝ ɫʀɝɨɩɟɠɨɷ ɬɠɢɩɨɨʀ ɫɣɭ Ɇɚɥ ɍ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɩɨɪɢ ɪɨɤɭ ɜ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɹɫɿ ɧɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɣɺɝɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɢɧʀɨʀ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɨɹɫɢ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɦɹɬ ɢɛɝ ɡɟɣ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɛ Ɋɩ ɦɺɫɨɮ ɢʀɫɥɮ ɭɩ ɢɛ ɥɮɭɩɧ ɪʀɟ ɺɥɣɧ ʁʁ ɝɣɟɨɩ ɨɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɪɛɫɛ ɦɠɦɺɰ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɧɩɡ ɨɛ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ ɳɣɫɩɭɮ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ɍɩɜɭɩ ɱʀ ɥɮɭɣ ɫʀɝɨʀ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɍɩɧɮ ɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɝ ɳɣ ɥɮɭ ɪʀɟ ɺɥɣɧ ɝɣɟɨɩ Ɋɩ ɦɺɫɨɮ ɢʀɫɥɮ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɹɭɷ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ ɳɣ ɫɩɭɮ ɭɩɲɥɣ
ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɝɩɦɩɞɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɠɭɠɩɫɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɥɛɢɨɣɥʀɝ ɮ ɫɠɡɣɧʀ ɝɩɟɩɤɧɣɴ ɝ ɡɣɭɭʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɭɩɴɩ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɨɛɰɣɦɮ ɩɬʀ ɩɜɠɫɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɪɦɩɴɣɨɣ ɩɫɜʀɭɣ ɭɛ ɫʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɫɮɰɮ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɨɺ ɩɜɧɠ ɡɠɨɣɰ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɦɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ɪɩɦɮɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɹ ɟɨɺ ɛ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ³ ɤ ɭɠɪɦɩɝɣɧɣ ɮɧɩɝɛɧɣ Ɂɛɫɥɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɧʀɡ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛɧɣ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɲɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ Ɋɩɧʀɫɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɟɝɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɧʀɡ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛɧɣ ʀ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɦɛɧɣ ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɛ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɐɩɦɩɟɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɟɝɛ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɝʀɟ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɟɩ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ɝʀɟ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɰ ɥʀɦ Ɋɩɺɬɣ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɨɺ ɾ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟɩɧ ɪɫɩɺɝɮ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɩʁ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɮ ɞɠɩ ɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀɤ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɱʀ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɿ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɦɚɽ Ɂɟɦɥɹ" 2. əɤ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɧɰɿ" 3. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɩɥɨɳ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɭ
ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɿ"
ɉɨɥɹɪɧɚ ɡɿɪɤɚ
4. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɣ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɞɨɛɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɪ-
ɬɚɧɧɹ Ɂɟɦɥɿ"
ȕ
ɬ
ɉɞ
5. əɤɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɩɿɪ ɪɨɤɭ"
z
ɉɧ
6. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɬɪɨɩɿɤɢ"
ij ȕ ȝ
7. ɋɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɬɪɢɜɚɬɢ ɞɧɿ ɬɚ ɧɨɱɿ" 8. ɓɨ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɸ ɞɧɹ ɿ ɤɭɬɨɦ
ij
ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɿɜ ɦɿɠ ɞɧɹɦɢ ɫɨɧɰɟɫɬɨɹɧɶ"
9. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɩɨɪɢ ɪɨɤɭ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ
ɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹ"
ɌȿɆȺ Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɿ ɪɭɯɢ Ɂɟɦɥɿ
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɪɭɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɣ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɭ ɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɪɚɡɿɜ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɰɿ ɭ ɞɨɜɠɢɧɚɯ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɿ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɿɭɫɿɜ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɦɟɧɲɚ ɜɿɞ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɿɭɫɚ 2. Ɉɩɢɲɢ ɹɤɨɸ ɛɭɥɚ ɛ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɹɤɛɢ ɜɿɫɶ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɢ ɛɭɥɚ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɸ ɞɨ ɩɥɨɳɢɧɢ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɨɪɛɿɬɢ 3. ɍɹɜɢ ɹɤ ɪɭɯɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɋɨɧɰɟ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɱɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɸɫɿ ɜ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? Ɉɛɮɥɩɝɱʀ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷ ɢɩɫɺɨɮ ʀ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɮ ɟɩɜɣ ɂɩɫɺɨɛ ɟɩɜɛ ³ ɪɫɩɧʀɡɩɥ ɲɛɬɮ ɧʀɡ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɥɮɦɷɧʀɨɛɱʀɺɧɣ ɢʀɫɥɣ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɣɧ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨ ɨɺɧ ʁʁ ɨɛɟ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɩɧ ɨɛɟ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨɩɧ ɭɩɲɥɣ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫɠ ɡɠɨɨɺ Ɍɛɧɠ ɢɛ ɢɩɫɺɨɮ ɟɩɜɮ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɫɩɜɣɭɷ ɪɩɝɨɣɤ ɩɜɠɫɭ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɮɺɝɨɩʁ ɩɬʀ Ƚɩɨɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɞɩɟ ɰɝ ɬ Ⱥ
Ɍɩɨɺɲɨɛ ɟɩɜɛ ³ ɪɫɩɧʀɡɩɥ ɲɛɬɮ ɧʀɡ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɣ ɧɣ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɛ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨ ɭɩɲ ɥɣ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ Ɏ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ɢ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ɢ ɟɩɜɩɝɣɧ ɫɮɰɩɧ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɾ ɫɮɰ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɛ ɟɩɜɛ ɟɩɝɳɛ ɝʀɟ ɢɩɫɺɨɩʁ ʀ ɬɛɧɠ ɝɩɨɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɾ ɫʀɝɨɩ ɞɩɟ ɞɩɟ ɰɝ ɬ
Ȼ ɞɩɟ
Ɍɟɦɚ
Ɇ ȺɌȿɊɂɄɂ ɌȺ ɈɄȿȺɇɂ ² ȼȿɅɂɄȱ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇȱ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɂ ȽȿɈȽɊȺɎȱɑɇɈȲ ɈȻɈɅɈɇɄɂ
Ɋɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨ Ⱦɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɠɫɣ ɭɛ ɠɪɩɰɣ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤ ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɚɯ ɩɥɨɳɚ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɭ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɧɿɣ ɤɭɥɿ" əɤɿ ɽ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɬɢɩɢ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɢ" ɑɢɦ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ" ɑɢ ɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɜɫɹ ɜɢɞɨɜɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɿ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɣ ɜɢɝɥɹɞ ɠɢɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɜɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɨʀ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɹɤ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɢ"
ɚɥ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɭɛ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɣ
ɉɚɧɝɟɹ
ɉɚɧɬɚɥɚɫ
ɦɥɧ ɪɨɤɿɜ Ʌɚɜɪɚɡɿɹ Ƚɨɧɞɜɚɧɚ ɦɥɧ ɪɨɤɿɜ
Ɍɟɬɿɫ ɦɥɧ ɪɨɤɿɜ
ɦɥɧ ɪɨɤɿɜ
ɦɥɧ ɪɨɤɿɜ
Ɇɚɥ Ɏɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ
©ȿʀɭɣª Ɋɛɨɞɠʁ ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɱʀɝ ɾ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɝɲɠɨɩɞɩ Ȼɦɷɯɫɠɟɛ Ƚɠɞɠɨɠɫɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɴɠ ɮ ɫɩɱʀ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɴɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɣ ɝɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɫɩɢɥɩɦɮ ɥɩɦɣɬɷ ɾɟɣɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɪɠɫɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ ³ Ɋɛɨɞɠʁ Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ Ɋɛɨɞɠɺ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ Ɇɛɝɫɛɢʀɹ ʀ Ⱦɩɨɟɝɛɨɮ ɧɛɦ Ƚ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɩɧɮ ɤ ɝɩɨɣ ɫɩɢɪɛɦɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɟɫʀɜɨʀɳʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɧɛɦɣ ɩɜɫɣɬɣ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ Ʌɩɨɭɮɫɣ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭʀɝ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɢɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɢʀɭɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ Ƚɢɛɾɧɩɟʀɺ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ Ɏɲɠɨʀ ɝɡɠ ɟɩɬɭɛɭɨɷɩ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɴɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɛ ɛɥɭɣɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɬɣɦ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɝɣɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɥɫɛɺɰ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɝ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɭɣɥɛɹɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀɹɭɷ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɩɟɨɩɹ Ƚɣɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɹɭɷ ɭɫɣ ɭɣɪɣ ɝɢɛ ɾɧɩɟʀɤ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɫɩɢɬɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɫɩɢɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɪɦɣɭ ɟɣɝ ɧɛɦ ɛ ȿɫɮɞɣɤ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɾ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɪɫɣ ɫɮɬʀ ɨɛɢɮɬɭɫʀɲ ɟɝɩɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɟɣɝ ɧɛɦ ɜ ɍɫɠɭʀɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɣɤ ɟɦɺ ɭɫɛɨɬ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɯɩɫɧɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀɝ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɺɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁ ɪɦɣɭ ɥɩɝɢɛɹɭɷ ɢɧʀɴɮɹɲɣɬɷ ɩɟɨɛ ɝʀɟɜ ɚ ɛ ɨɩɬɨɩ ɟɫɮɞɩʁ ɨɠ ɢɜɦɣɡɮɹɲɣɬɷ ʀ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɺɹɲɣɬɷ ɟɣɝ ɧɛɦ ɝ Ɏ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɫɩɢɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɝɩɰ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɨʀ ɩɥɠɛ ɨʀɲɨʀ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ ȳɰɨɾ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɩ ɢ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɭɛɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɟɫ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɨɛɟɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɧɛɞɧɛ Ƚɩɨɛ ɨɛɫɩɴɮɾ ɥɫɛʁ Ɇɚɥ Ɍɢɩɢ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɥɿɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ ɩɥɢɬ ɚ ² ɪɨɡɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɛ ² ɡɭɫɬɪɿɱɧɢɣ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ Ɉɩɝʀ ɪɩɫɱʀʁ ɧɛɞɧɣ ɪɭɯ ɜ ² ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɧɿ ɪɨɡɥɨɦɢ ɫɩɢɬɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨʀ ɪɦɣɭɣ ɫɩɢɳɣɊɢɮɬɨɜɚ ɡɨɧɚ ɋɤɢɞ ɫɹɹɲɣ ɟɨɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɮɹɲɣ ɪɦɩɴɮ ɚ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɍɫʀɴɣɨɮ ɝ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɜɭɛ ɥɮɟɣ ɪʀɟɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɪɩɭɩɥɣ ɧɛɞɧɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɫɣɯɭɩɧ Ɉɡɟɪɨ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɥ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɹɭɷ ɨɩɝʀ ɩɥɠɛɨɣ" ɚɥ ɪɩɥɛɢɮɹɭɷ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɫɣɯɭɩɝʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɛ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɭɣɬɺ ɬɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɰ ɟɣɝ ɧɛɦ Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɩɹ ʁɰ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɾ ɝɣɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɧɛɨɭʀɤɨʀ ɪɩɭɩɥɣ ɺɥʀ Ɋɢɮɬ ɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɧɨɦɭ ɯɪɟɛɬɿ ɝɟɛɫɺɹɲɣ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɮ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɒɟɥɶɮ Ʌɨɠɟ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɝɩ ɫɩɢɥɩɦɹɹɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɂ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɜ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɬɠ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɧɩɡɠ ɢɛɫɩɟɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ʀɢ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɨɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɧ ɰɫɠɜɭɩɧ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɫɣɯɭɮ Ɇɚɥ ȿɬɚɩɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɉɭɡɠ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɭɣɪ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀʁ ɦʀɭɩ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɚ ² ɡɚɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɢɮɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ʁɰ ɪɨɡɥɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ ɛ ² ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɫɩɢɬɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɴɩ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɫɩɢ ɧɟ ɨɡɟɪɨ ɜ ɪɨɡɥɨɦɿ ɜ ² ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɫɣɝɨɣɧɣ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɫɮɰɛɧɣ ɢɠɧɦɠ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧ ɭɫɮɬɛɧɣ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɣɧ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɢɧɩɧ ɫɩɢ ɳɣɫɠɨɨɺɧ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɟɨɛ ɚɥ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ʀ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ" ɉɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɭʀɾʁ ɬɛɧɩʁ ɪɦɣɭɣ ɧɩɡɠ ɢ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɜɩɥɮ ɨɛɫɩɴɮɝɛɭɣɬɷ ɮ ɢɩɨʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɜɭɛ ɛ ɢ ɟɫɮɞɩɞɩ ³ ɢɛɨɮɫɹɝɛɭɣɬɷ ɪʀɟ ʀɨɳɮ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɹɲɣ ɥɩɨɝɠɾɫ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɬɭɣɥɛɨɨɺ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɺɥʀ ɫɮɰɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɢɮɬɭɫʀɲ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ɭɣɪ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀɤ ɟɣɝ ɧɛɦ Ƚʀɨ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɛɧɣ ɪʀɟɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɪɦɣɭɣ ɪʀɟ ɥɫɛɤ ɟɫɮɞɩʁ ɨɛɬɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɝɠɫɰɨɷɩʁ ɨɛ ɨɣɡɨɹ ɬɭɣɬɥɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ʀ ɢɧɣɨɛɨɨɺɧ ɮ ɬɥɦɛɟɥɣ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɰ ɳɛɫʀɝ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɝ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
ɥɩɨɭɛɥɭɮ Ʌɩɡɨɣɤ ɢ ɥɫɛʁɝ ɪɦɣɭ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɲɣɬɦʀ ɤ ɭʀɾʁ ɴɩ ɪʀɟɬɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟ ʀɨɳɮ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩɹ Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɧɿ ɪɨɡɥɨɦɢ ɛɜɩ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɢɠɧɨɩɹ ɥɩɫɩɹ ɂɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɱɠ ɢɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɬɭɛɟʀʁ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɮ ɪʀɟɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɍɩɧɮ ɢɩɨɣ ɢʀɭɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɨʀɤ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ Ɇɚɥ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɝɣɺɝɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɯɩɫɧɛɰ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɹɦɢ ɥɿɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ ɚɥɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ɭɣɪ ɝɢɛɩɥɢɬ ɾɧɩɟʀɤ ɧʀɡ ɥɫɛɺɧɣ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɦʀɭɩ ɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɭɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɬɭɫʀɝɨʀ ɟɮɞɣ ɢ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɩɝɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɡɩɦɩɜɛɧɣ ɟɣɝ ɧɛɦ ɚɥɴɩ ɥɫɛɤ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɩʁ ɪɦɣɭɣ ɢ ɩɥɠɛ ɨʀɲɨɩɹ ɢɠɧɨɩɹ ɥɩɫɩɹ ɪʀɟɬɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɮ ɨɛɝɪɛɥɣ ɜɮɭɣ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɛ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɝɛɡɲɛ ɭɩ ɨɛ ɟɨʀ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɤ Ɇɚɥ ȼɭɥɤɚɧɿɱɧɢɣ ɨɫɬɪɿɜ ɡɩɦɩɜ ɛ ɥɫɛɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɩʁ ɢɧɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ Ɇɚɪɿɚɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɨɫɬɪɿɜɧɨʀ ɞɭɝɢ ɬɥɦɛɟɥɣ ɢ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɩɹ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨɩɹ ɞɫɺɟɩɹ ɟɣɝ ɧɛɦ Ɉɤɟɚɧɿɱɧɢɣ ɠɨɥɨɛ Ɋɫɣ ɬɭɣɬɥɛɨɨʀ ɭɛ ɪʀɟɬɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɝ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɧɣɨɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɬɥɦɛɟɥɣ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɰ Ɂɚɦɢɤɚɧɧɹ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɪɚɣɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɢɧɿɜ ɳɛɫʀɝ ɩɜɩɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ ɢ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɣɧɣ ɥɫɛɤɩɝɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɞɣɨɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ ɂ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɨɺ ɫɩɦʀ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀɤ ɦʀɭɩ Ɏɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɭɣɪʀɝ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɟʀɤ ɦɨɥɨɞɨʀ ɭɣ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɥɮ ɴɩ ɬɛɧɠ ɪɫɣ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɝɿɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɫɮɬʀ ɬɭɣɥɛɨɨʀ ɭɛ ɪʀɟɬɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛ ɾɭɷɬɺ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɋɬɚɪɿɧɧɹ ɝɿɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɭɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɿ ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɝɦɛɬɨɠ ɧɛɭɠɫɣ ɞɟɧɭɞɚɰɿɣɧɭ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɭ ɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɧɛɦ Ɋʀɟɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɪɦɣɭɣ ɪʀɟ ʀɨɳɮ Ɇɚɥ Ɂɚɦɢɤɚɧɧɹ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɚ ɪɫɣɢɝɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɪɚɣɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɢɧɿɜ ɿ ɝɿɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɭɠɫɭɺ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɹɭɷ ɫɩɢɫɣɝɣ ɪɦɛɬɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɭɫɬɪɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɪɭɫɿ ɿ ɩɿɞɫɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɹɭɷ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɣ Ʌɫʀɢɷ ɭɫʀɴɣɥɿɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ ɩɥɢɬ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɫɬɚɪɿɧɧɹ ɝɿɪ ɨɣ ɝ ɪɦɣɭʀ ɴɩ ɨɛɬɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ Ɉɫɬɪɿɜɧɚ Ɋɢɮɬɨɜɚ ɡɨɧɚ ɯɪɟɛɬɚ ɀɨɥɨɛ ɞɭɝɚ ɀɨɥɨɛ
ɩɿɫɥɹ ɡɝɚɫɚɧɧɹ ɡɭɫɬɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɪɭɯɿɜ
ȼɭɥɤɚɧ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɨɛɟɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɧɛɞɧɛ Ȳɨɭɠɨɬɣɝɨɣɤ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɢɧ ɨɛ ɬɭɣɥɮ ɪɦɣɭ ɪɫɣɢɝɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɝɣɦɣɝɮ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɦɠɞɥɩɪɦɛɝɥɣɰ ɰʀɧʀɲɨɣɰ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭʀɝ ʀ ɬɪɩɦɮɥ Ƚɩɨɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɣ ɲɛɬɭɥɩɝɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɪɦɛɝɦɠɨɨʀ ɪɦɣɭɣ ɴɩ ɢɛɨɮɫɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɛɬɭɠɨɩɬɯɠɫɮ ɑʀ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɨɣ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɺɲɣ ɮ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɤ ɬɭɛɨ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɞɫɛɨʀɭɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɺɥɣɤ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɾ ɢɠɧɨɮ ɥɩɫɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɝʀɟ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɂ ɩɬɭɣɞɛɹɲɩʁ ɧɛɞɧɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ Ɇɚɥ ɇɚɣɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɲɚ ɝɿɪɫɶɤɚ ɤɪɚʀɧɚ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɩɬɭɫʀɝɨʀ ɟɮɞɣ ɛ ɝ ɞɩɫɛɰ ³ ɝɮɦɫɜɿɬɭ ² Ƚɿɦɚɥɚʀ ɹɤɚ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɿ ɫɬɢɤɚɧɧɹ ȯɜɪɨɚɡɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɬɚ ȱɧɞɨ ɥɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɥɿɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ ɩɥɢɬ Ɋɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɛ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɛɬɣɝʀɝ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɾ ɨɠ ɝɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɢɧɮ ɛ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɢɧɣɨɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɬɥɦɛɟɥɣ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɪʀɟ ɟʀɾɹ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɫɮɰɮ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɧɛɦ ɍɛɥʀ ɫɮɰɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɴɠ ɩɫɩɞɠɨʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɬɦʀɝ ©ɩɫɩɬª ³ ɞɩɫɛ ʀ ©ɞɠɨɠɢʀɬª ³ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɂɧɣɨɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɬɥɦɛɟɥɣ ɮ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɝɣɪɛɟɥʀɝ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɪɦɣɭɣ ɴɩ ɨɛɬɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɝɠɫɰɮ Ȼɦɠ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɧɩɡɠ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɤ ɨɛ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɨʀɤ ɪɦɣɭʀ ɴɩ ɢɛɨɮɫɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɑɠ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɧɩɡɠ ɧɛɭɣ ɨɛɟɭɩ ɭɩɝɬɭɣɤ ɳɛɫ ɝ·ɺɢɥɣɰ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɰ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɜɮɭɣ ɢɛɭɺɞɨɮɭʀ ɪʀɟ ɥɫɛɤ ɨɛɪɩɝɢɛɹɲɩʁ ɢɝɠɫɰɮ ɪɦɣɭɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɧɣɨɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɬɥɦɛɟɥɣ ɛ ɪɫɣ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɩɧɮ ɬɭɣɬɥɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɢɫɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɩʁ ɩɬɨɩɝɣ Ɏɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɦɮɬɥɣ ɬɥɣɜɣ ʀɢ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɢʀɧ·ɺɭɣɰ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟʀɝ ɧɛɦ
Ɇɚɥ Ɂɿɦ¶ɹɬɿ ɨɫɚɞɨɜɿ ɜɿɞɤɥɚɞɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɿɣ ɡɿ ɫɤɢɛ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ Ʉɚɪɩɚɬ ɜ ɨɤɨɥɢɰɹɯ ɦɿɫɬɚ əɪɟɦɱɟ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
Ⱦɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɠɫɣ ɭɛ ɠɪɩɰɣ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɔɩ ɭɛɥɠ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɤ ɝʀɥ" Ƚʀɥ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɣɤ ɮ ɫɩɥɛɰ ɴɩ ɧɣɨɮɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɧɩɧɠɨ ɭɮ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɛɜɬɩɦɹɭɨɣɧ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɧ ɝʀɥɩɧ Ɉɛɢɝɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀʁ ɺɥɛ ɝɣɝɲɛɾ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɤ ɮ ɨɛɟɫɛɰ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ʁʁ ɜɮɟɩɝɮ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɂɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɧɠɭɩɟʀɝ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɱʀ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɹɭɷ ɝʀɥ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɢ ɧɠɭɩɟʀɝ ɮɧɩɡɦɣɝɦɹɹɭɷ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɝʀɥɮ ɢɛ ɢɛɦɣɳɥɛɧɣ ɡɣɝɣɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧʀɝ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨɩ ɮ ɪɦɛɬɭɛɰ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɧɛɦ ȿɛɝɨɩ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɩ ɴɩ ɬɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɥɩɨɥɫɠɭɨɣɰ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɧʀɡɥʀɝ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɪɠɝɨʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɡɣɝɣɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧʀɝ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɣ ʀɨɳʀ ȼɠɫɮɲɣ ɟɩ ɮɝɛɞɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ʁʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɣ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɱʀ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɦɣ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣɢɛɱʀɹ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɉɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɠɭɛɪ ɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɝɩɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɷ ɢ ɥɩɬɧʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɣɦɮ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɟɩɞɠɩ ɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɧ Ƚʀɟ ɧɩɧɠɨɭɮ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɧɦɫɟ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɤ ɠɭɛɪ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɠɭɛɪɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɧɩɦɩɟɛ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɢ ɭɩɨɥɩɹ ʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩɹ ɢɠɧɨɩɹ ɥɩɫɩɹ ɜɮɦɛ ɩɪɩɝɣɭɛ ɫɩɢʀɞɫʀɭɩɹ ɢɜɛɞɛɲɠɨɩɹ ɝɮɞɦɠɥɣɬɦɣɧ ɞɛɢɩɧ ɭɛ ɝɩɟɺɨɩɹ ɪɛɫɩɹ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɩɹ ɧɛɦ ɇɛɤɡɠ ɧɦɫɟ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɪɩɲɛɦɛɬɷ ɥɩɨɟɠɨɬɛɱʀɺ ɝɩɟɺɨɩʁ ɪɛɫɣ ɤ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɞʀɟɫɩɬɯɠɫɣ Ɏ ɝɩɟɨɣɰ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɛɰ ɧɦɫɟ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɢɛɫɩɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ɇɚɥ ɋɤɚɦ¶ɹɧɿɥɢɣ Ɉɛ ɢɧʀɨɮ ʁɧ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɦɣɬɺ ɯɩɭɩɬɣɨɭɠɢɮɹɲʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɡɚɥɢɲɨɤ ɚɦɨɧɿɬɚ ² ɧɣ ɩɟɨɩɥɦʀɭɣɨɨʀ ɜɛɥɭɠɫʀʁ ɭɛ ɝɩɟɩɫɩɬɭʀ ɺɥʀ ɢɜɛɞɛɭɣɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɧɨɝɨɝɨ ɦɣ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɮ ɥɣɬɨɠɧ Ɋɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɧʀɦɷɺɫɟʀɝ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɨɛ ɦɨɥɸɫɤɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɠɢɜ ɧɚ ɂɠɧɦʀ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɡɣɝʀ ɩɫɞɛɁɟɦɥɿ ± ɦɥɧ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɬɨɦɭ Ⱦɿɚɦɟɬɪ ɦɭɲɥɿ ² ɜɿɞ ɨʀɢɧɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɧɦɫɟ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɡɣɝɣɰ ʀɬɭɩɭ Ɍɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɯ ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɿɜ ɞɨ ɦ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ʀɬɨɮɾ ɧɦɨ ɝɣɟʀɝ Ⱦɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɤ ɠɭɛɪ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɰ ɠɝɩɦɹɱʀɤɨɣɰ ɢɧʀɨ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɪɩɟʀɦɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣ ɞɠɩɰɫɩɨɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ³ ɠɫɣ ɍɛɥɛ ɪɠɫʀɩ ɟɣɢɛɱʀɺ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɠɭɛɪɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɛ ɝ ɮɬɷɩɧɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɂɩɜɫɛɡɛɹɭɷ ʁʁ ɮ ɯɩɫɧʀ ɞɠɩɰɫɩɨɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩʁ ɭɛɜɦɣɱʀ ɧɛɦ ɺɥɛ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɾ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɠɭɛɪʀɝ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ɏ ɬɛɧɣɰ ɨɛɢɝɛɰ ɠɫ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ Ɇɚɥ Ɍɚɤ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɚɬɢ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɍɛɥ ɪɛɦɠɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɛ ɠɫɛ ² ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɿ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɨ ɧɦɨ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɠɫɮ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ ɦɥɪɞ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɬɨɦɭ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ Åðà, ¿¿ ïî÷àòîê
Âèãëÿä ïðèðîäè
Åïîõà ãîðîòâîðåííÿ
Ãîðè
Êàéíîçîéñüêà 65 ìëí ðîê³â
Àëüï³éñüêà
ϳðåíå¿, Àëüïè, Êàðïàòè, Ïàì³ð, óíäóêóø, óìàëà¿, Àíäè, ï³âäåíü Êîðä³ëüºð³â
Ìåçîçîéñüêà 250 ìëí ðîê³â
Ìåçîçîéñüêà (ʳìåð³éñüêà)
Êðèìñüê³ ãîðè, ãîðè ϳâí³÷íî-Ñõ³äíîãî Ñèá³ðó, Êîðä³ëüºðè
Ãåðöèíñüêà
Óðàëüñüê³ ãîðè, óíäóêóø, Êàðàêîðóì, Òÿíü-Øàíü, Êóíü-Ëóíü, Òèáåò, Àïïàëà÷³
Ïàëåîçîéñüêà 540 ìëí ðîê³â
ϳâí³÷íà ÷àñòèíà Àïïàëà÷³â, Àëòàé, Êàëåäîíñüêà Ñàÿíè, Âåëèêèé Âîäîä³ëüíèé õðåáåò Àâñòðà볿
Ïðîòåðîçîéñüêà 2,5 ìëðä
Äîêåìáð³é
Áàéêàëüñüêà
óðñüê³ ñèñòåìè, ùî îòî÷óþòü òåïåð³øíº îçåðî Áàéêàë, Áðàçèëüñüêå íàã³ð’ÿ
Àðõåéñüêà 4,6 ìëðä
Ɇɚɥ Ƚɟɨɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɹ
27
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
ɡɣɭɭɺ ɧɠɢɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɛ ɠɫɛ ² ɧɦɨ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ³ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɛ ɥɛɤɨɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɛ Ƚɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɪɛ ɝʀɟ ɧɦɨ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɟɩ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ³ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩɦɠɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɠɫɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɩɬɺ ɢ ɾɟ ɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ɏ ɪɛɦɠɩɢɩʁ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɜɠɢɰɫɠɨɛɨɨɺ ɮ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɬɮɪɠɫɥɩɨɭɣ ɜɠɭɨʀ ɫɣɜɣ ɢɠɧɨɩɝɩɟɨʀ ɤ ɬɪɩɫɩɝʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ ɝ ɨɠɨɭ Ⱦɩɨɟɝɛɨɮ ɪ·ɺɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɧɠɢɩɢɩʁ ³ ɪɦɛɢɮɨɣ ɤ ɞɩɦɩɨɛɬʀɨɨʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ ɛ ɝ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ɥɛɤɨɩɢɩʁ ³ ɬɬɛɝɱʀ ɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɭɩɨɛɬʀɨɨʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ³ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ȿɝʀ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳʀ ɭɛ ɨɛɤɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɳʀ ɠɫɣ ɪɩ ɨɩ Ȼɫɛɝʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤ ɧɦɫɟ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɥɩɡɨɛ ɝ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɠɭɛɪʀ ɫɩɢɬɷɥɩʁ Ɋʀɝ ɟɠɨɨɩɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɣɭɥɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɥɩɦɣ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛɤɪɫɩɬɭʀȻɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɭɛ Ȳɨɟɩɬɭɛɨ ɳʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɛɫɰɠɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɭɛ ɪɫɩ ɬɷɥɩʁ Ɏ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɝ ɭɠɫɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɩɹ Ƚʀɟɥɦɛɟɣ ʁɰɨʀ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɢɧʀɨɠɨɩ ɱɠɤ ɲɛɬ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɠɨʀ ɧɠɭɛɧɩɫɯʀɢɧɩɧ ʀ ɧʀɬɭɺɭɷ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɩ ɝɣɥɩɪɨɣɰ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɫɠɳɭɩɥ ɒɛɬɭɩ ɱʀ ɟɝʀ ɠɫɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɫʀɾɧ Ⱦʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɲɣ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɝʀɥɮ ɟɛɭɮɹɭɷ ɺɥ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɀɪɩɰɣ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ȿɛɨʀ ɪɫɩ ɝʀɥ ɝɣɝɠɫɡɠɨɣɰ ɧɛɞɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɧɩɡɦɣȽ Ɉ ɇ Ⱦ ȼ Ⱥ ɇ Ⱥ ɝʀɬɭɷ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɴɩ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɠɝɨɣɰ ɠɭɛɪɛɰ ʁʁ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɩɹ ʀɨɭɠɨɬɣɝɨʀɬɭɹ Ɋɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɥɩɫɩɭɥʀ ɠɪɩɰɣ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɠɨɩʁ ɧɛɞɧɛɭɣɲɨɩʁ ʀ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɴɩ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɷ ʀɨɭɠɨɬɣɝɨɣɧ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺɧ ɠɪɩɰɣ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɛɜɩ ɭɠɥɭɩɨɩ ɧɛɞɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɠɪɩɰɣ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɧɣ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɛɧɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩɞɩ ɬɪɩɥɩɹ Ƚɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɰ ɠɫ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɠɪɩɰ ɝɣɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɹɭɷ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɜɛɤɥɛɦɷɬɷɥɮ ɥɛɦɠɟɩɨɬɷɥɮ ɞɠɫɱɣɨɬɷɥɮ ɧɠɢɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɮ ɭɛ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɮ ȳɰ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɩɥɛɢɮɹɭɷ ɮ ɞɠɩɰɫɩɨɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀɤ ɭɛɜɦɣɱʀ ɧɛɦ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³?
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ ɭɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯ ɞɜɨɯ-
ɫɨɬ ɦɿɥɶɣɨɧɿɜ ɪɨɤɿɜ" 2. əɤɿ ɬɢɩɢ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɣ ɥɿɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ ɩɥɢɬ ɪɨɡɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɰɿ" 3. əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɡɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɥɿɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ ɩɥɢɬ" 4. əɤɿ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɡɭɫɬɪɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɪɭɫɿ ɥɿɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ ɩɥɢɬ" 5. əɤɿ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɡɭɫɬɪɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɯɭ ɥɿɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ ɩɥɢɬ" 6. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɢɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɣ ɜɿɤ ɝɿɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɿɞ" 7. əɤɿ ɞɜɚ ɟɬɚɩɢ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɭ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɹɤ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɢ" 8. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɟɪɢ" əɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɿɫɬɶ ʀɯ ɡɦɿɧ ɬɚ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɶ" 9. əɤɿ ɟɩɨɯɢ ɝɨɪɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɹɜɢɥɢɫɹ ɜɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɧɚɣɦɨɥɨɞɲɢɯ ɟɪ"
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɜ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɯ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɜ ɹɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɰɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɸɬɶ ɜɿɤ ɝɿɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɿɞ 2. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɜ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɯ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɠɢɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɹɤɿ ɠɢɥɢ ɜ ɦɟɡɨɡɨʀ 3. ɉɥɨɳɚ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɩɥɨɳɿ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ Ɂɟɦɥɿ Ɂ ɱɢɦ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɨ ɬɟ ɳɨ ɜɨɧɚ ɩɨɦɿɬɧɨ ɛɿɥɶɲɚ ɜɿɞ ɩɥɨɳɿ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɭ"
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ȼ
ɍɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨʀ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɣ ɂɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤɿ ɫɢɥɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ" ɑɢɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɝɨɪɢ ɿ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɢ" əɤɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɸɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɝɿɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɤɪɚʀɧ" əɤɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɚ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɟɧɧɹɦ ɥɿɬɨ ɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ ɩɥɢɬ"
ɍɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨʀ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɍɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨʀ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɣ ʀ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɍɠɥɭɩɨʀɥɛ ³ ɱɠ ɫɩɢɟʀɦ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀʁ ɴɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɾ ɜɮɟɩɝɮ ɫɮɰ ʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɂ ɪɩɢɣɱʀɤ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɥɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ ɪɫɩ ɂɠɧɦɹ ɮɬɹ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɮ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɭɣ ɺɥ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɫɝɨɣɤ ɢɝ·ɺɢɩɥ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɺɥʀ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɠɨʀ ɫɮɰɩɧ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɥɩɦɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɫɩɢɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɺɥɠ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɦɩ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɧɠɨɳɣɰ ɢɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɂɛɨɮɫɠɨɨɺ ɮ ɧɛɨ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɢɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɚ
Ɇɚɥ ɇɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɭɫɭ ɹɤɢɣ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɦɢ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɥɿɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ ɩɥɢɬ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɢɯɿɞ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸ ɝɪɚɧɿɬɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɭ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɢ ɜɡɞɨɜɠ ɬɟɱɿʀ ɪɿɱɤɢ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɢɣ Ȼɭɝ
ɭʀɹ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɢ ɪɦɣɭ ɺɥɠ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɝɣɝɠɫɡɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɝ ʀ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ ʀ ɪɫɣɢɝɩɟɣɦɩ ɟɩ ɨɛɫɩɴɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɩɥɫɛʁɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɠɨɨɺ ʁɰ ɪɦɩɴ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɞɦɺɟɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɧɛɦɣ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɨʀ ɫɮɰɣ ɪɦɣɭ ɴɩ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɦɣ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɮɧɩɝ ɢɛɦɺɞɛɨɨɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɏɩɫɧɣ ɢɛɦɺɞɛɨɨɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɢɠɧɨʀɤ ɥɩɫʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɛɧɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧɣ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɮ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɾ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɭɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩɬɭʀ ȿɛɝɨʀ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɏɛɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɟɛɨɣɰ ɪɫɩ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɝ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀʁ ɾ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɧɠɨɳɠ ɨʀɡ ɪɫɩ ɥɛɤɨɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɝʀɟɭɣɨɩɥ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɧɠɭɩɟʀɝ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɣɦɩ ʀ ɪɫɩ ɱɠɤ ɟɛɝɨʀɤ ɠɭɛɪ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɢʀɜɫɛɭɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ Ɉɛɮɥɩɝɱʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɴɩ ɟɩ ɧɦɫɟ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɢ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɩɬɠɫɠɟɥʀɝ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɬɭʀɤɥʀ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ³ ɟɛɝɨʀ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ Ɋʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɱɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɬɭʀɤɥɣɰ ɟʀɦɺɨɩɥ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɪɫɩɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɪɦɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɞɣɨɛɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɥɩɦɠɨɨɺ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀɝ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɭɺ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɜɦɩɥʀɝ ɏɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭɮ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɫʀɨɨɺ ɤ ɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɟɮɡɠ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɧɛɞɧɛɭɣɢɧɮ ɍɩɧɮ ɨɣɡɨʀɤ ɺɫɮɬ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɤ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɧɣ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɞɫɛɨʀɭɛɧɣ ɜɛɢɛɦɷɭɛɧɣ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɬɦɛɨɱɺɧɣ ɭɩɴɩ ³ ɧɛɦ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɛ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɤ ɲɩɰɩɦ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɩɬɛɟɩ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɝʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɪʀɬɩɥ ɞɦɣɨɛ ɝɛɪɨɺɥ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɴɩ ɢɛɦɺɞɛɹɭɷ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɪɦɛɬɭɛɧɣ ȿʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ȿɛɝɨʀ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ʁɰ ɩɬɛɴɩ ɢɛɢɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɰ ɩɪɮ ɟɩɝɣɤ ɲɩɰɩɦ ɭɛ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɝɣɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɬɥɛɨɷ ʀ ɢɛɭɩɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɧɩɫɠɧ ɧɛ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭɮ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɹɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɪɩɭɮɡɨʀɳɮ ɭɩɝ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ ɂ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɮ ɱɣɰ ɥɛɫɭ ɬɭɛɾ ɴɮ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɰ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟʀɝ ɚɥɴɩ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɩ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɪ·ɺɭɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɰ ɥɫʀɧ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɱɺ ɭɩɝɴɛ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɧ ɭɩ ɭɛɥɮ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɮ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɮ ʁɰ ɪɦɩɴʀ Ɋɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɬɭʀɤɥɣɧɣ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɦɣ ɭɩɹ ɒɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɟɠ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɧɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɟɦɺ ɨɣɰ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɨɠ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɞɩɫɩɭɝʀɫɨʀ ɫɮɰɣ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɣɤ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭ ɮɞ ɨɮɭɣɤ ʀ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛɰ ɫɩɢɫɣɝɨʀ ɫɮɰɣ ɭɛ ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨʀ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨʀ ɥɩɦɣ ² ɭɣɬ ɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɝɝɛɡɛ ɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɮ ʁɰ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɨɠɩɟɨɩɫɛɢɩɝɩ ɝʀɟɹɭɷ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɩɹ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɩɹ ɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ʁɰ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩʁ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɉɿɞɧɹɬɬɹ ɫʀʁ Ʌɩɦɣ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ɢɛɢɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɉɥɢɬɚ ɓɢɬ Ɂɚɩɚɞɢɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɤɥɿɡɚ
ɩɪɮɬɥɛɨɷ ɭɩ ɢɛɭɩɪɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ ɪɫɣɦɠɞɦɣɰ ɧɩɫʀɝ Ɏ ɨɣɰ ɢɨɩɬɣɝɬɺ ʀ ɨɛɞɫɩɧɛɟɡɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɧɮɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɿ — ɩɨɪɨɞɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɭ ɪʀɬɩɥ ɩɬʀɟɛɦɣ ɢɛɦɣɳɥɣ ɝʀɟɧɠɫɦɣɰ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ² ɨɫɚɞɨɜɿ ɩɨɪɨɞɢ ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɤɭ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧʀɝ ɍɩɧɮ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɤ ɲɩɰɩɦ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ɨɛɤɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɣɤ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɛɧɣ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɛɦ ɫʀɟɳɠ ɩɢɠɫɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ɋɫɩ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɛ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɩɦɣɝɛɨɷ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɛ ɟɨɩɧ ɧɩɫɺ ɲɣ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɩɧ ɧɩɡɠɧɩ ɬɮɟɣɭɣ ɝɣɝɲɣɝɳɣ ɝʀɥ ʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɦɛɬɭʀɝ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɴɩ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɲɩɰɩɦ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɉɭɡɠ ɬɛɧɠ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɣɧ ɥɩɦɣɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɨɛ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ Ɇɚɥ ȼɿɞɤɥɚɞɢ ɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɪɦɩɴɮ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɛɭ- ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɿ ɑɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɯɩɫɧ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɢ ɟɝɩɺɫɮɬɨɩɹ ɜɮɟɩɝɩɹ Ɏ ɨɣɰ ɥɫʀɧ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭɮ ɢ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɥɩɫɠɨʀɝ ɟɮɡɠ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɛɫɰɠɤɬɷɥɩ ɪɫɩɭɠɫɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɲɩɰɩɦ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɉɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩɬɭʀ ɋɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɧ ɫʀɢɨɩɝʀɥɩɝɣɰ ʀɨɭɠɨɬɣɝɨɣɰ ɞɩɫɩɭɝʀɫɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɾ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɢʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɥɛɧɣ ɪɠɝɨɩʁ ɠɪɩɰɣ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ³ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩɬɭʀ Ȼɥɭɣɝʀɢɛɱʀɺ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɫɮɰʀɝ ɮ ɪɠɝɨʀ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣ ɪɛ ɦɠɩ ɢɩɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɠɢɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɛ ɥɛɤɨɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɠɫ ɪɫɣɢɝɩɟɣɦɛ ɟɩ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɣɰ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɠɤ ɩɧɩɦɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɲɣ ɪɩɰɩɝɛɨɨɺ ɪʀɟ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɛɧɣ ɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɰ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɣɰ ɬɪɩɫɮɟ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɟɩɝɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
ɋɛɨʀɳɠ ɝɲɠɨʀ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɴɩ ʀɬɨɮɹɭɷ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɮɰɣ ɍɩɧɮ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɞʀɫ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɺɥ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɴɩ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɠɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɩɪɮɬɥɛɨɨɺɧɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɢ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺɧ ɧɩɫɺ ɛ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɭɺɧ ɭɛ ɢɧɣɨɛɨɨɺɧ ɮ ɬɥɦɛɟɥɣ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɟɨɛ ɂ ɪɩɢɣɱʀʁ ɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨʀ ɪɦɣɭɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɛɧɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɞʀɫ ɭɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨ ɾ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ Ɍɛɧɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɹɭɷ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɮɰɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɩɬɭɫʀɝɨɣɰ ɟɮɞ ɪɠɫɠɟɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛɤɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɩɞɣɨʀɝ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɣɰ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɠɤ ɍɩɜɭɩ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɤ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɾ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɧ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɠɨɷ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɍɛɥ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɴɩ ɬɛɧɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɛɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɝɣɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɫɮɰɣ ɝ ʁʁ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɭɫɣɝɛɾ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ Ɇɚɥ ɋɤɥɚɞɱɚɫɬɨ ɛɪɢɥɨɜɿ ɝɨɪɢ ɪʀɟɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɪɦɣɭɣ ɪʀɟ ʀɨɳɮ Ɍɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭʀ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɪɛɦɠɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɠɫɣ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɬɩɭɠɨɷ ɧʀɦɷɤɩɨʀɝ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩʁ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɥɦɛɟ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɢɛɢɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɬɭɛɫʀɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɩɪɮɬɥɛɨɨɺ ɤ ɟɠɲɛɬɭɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ ³ ɱɠ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɺɥʀ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɜɣɬɭʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɺɥɛ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɾ ɢɠɧɨɮ ɥɮɦɹ Ȳɨɳʀ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɷ ɭɛ ɩɧɩɦɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɩɧɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɝʀɟ ɪʀɟ ɟʀɾɹ ɞɩɫɩɭɝʀɫɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ Ʌɛɫɣɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɟɩ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ Ʌɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩɬɭʀ ɍɩɧɮ ɨɣɨʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ ɝɣɬɩɭɛɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɹ ɥɣɰ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩ ɜɫɣɦɩɝɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɧɛɦ ɹɲɣ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɮ ɞɫɮɪɮ ɪɫɛɟɛɝɨʀɰ Ɍɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ Ɍɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭʀ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ɺɥʀ ɟɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ³ ɧɠɢɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɠɫɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɛɫɨʀ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɪɩɫɮɟ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɬɮɪɠɫɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭ Ⱦɩɨɟɝɛɨɮ ɨɣɥɦɣ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɢɩɨ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀʁ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɧʀɡ ɟɝɩɝʀɟ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɞɫɮɪɣ ɧɛ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɧɣ ɪɦɣɭɛɧɣ ɂɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɝɩɨɣ Ȳɨɩɟʀ ɱɠɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɴɠ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɧʀɡ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɛɧɣ ɛɜɩ ɧʀɡ Ȼɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɩ Ⱦʀɧɛɦɛɤɬɷɥɣɧ ɛ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɩɹ ɭɛ ɩɥɠɛɨɩɧ ɝ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɭɛ Ɋɫɩɭɺɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɥɩɡ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ Ʌɛɫɣɜɬɷɥɣɧ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɛ ɳɣɫɣɨɛ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɾ ɭɣɬɺɲɮ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɣ Ȼɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɤ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɤ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ Ɏɫɛɦɩ ɇɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ
ɂɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɟɨɛ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨɛɰ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɟɨɛ Ɏ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀʁ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɺɥ ɩɥɠɛɨɣ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɟɨɛ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ ɢɛɭɩɪɦɠɨɩ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ʀɢ ɢɠɧɨɩɹ ɥɩɫɩɹ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɛ ɤ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɧɛɦ ɉɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɠ ɟɨɩ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɾ ɢɩɨɩɹ Ɇɚɥ Ɉɤɪɚʀɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɬɭɣɥɛɨɨɺ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɺɥʀ ɫɩɢɰɩɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɚ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɫɮɰɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɢɮɬɭɫʀɲ ɲɣ ɥɩɝɢɛɹɭɷ ɩɟɨɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ʀɨɳɩʁ ɑɣɧ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɯɩɫɧ ɟɨɛ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ɏ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɝɣɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɹɭɷ ɳɠɦɷɯ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɬɰɣɦ ɦɩɡɠ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɡɩɦɩɜɣ ɭɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɨʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ ɧɛɦ ɓɠɦɷɯɩɧ ɛɜɩ ɧɛɭɠ ɫɣɥɩɝɩɹ ɝʀɟɧʀɦɣɨɩɹ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɣɜɠɫɠɡɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɢ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɣɧ ɭɣɪɩɧ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɭɛ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛɧɣ ɟɩ ɧ ȿɨɩ ɭɮɭ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɠ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɣɨɠɬɠɨʀ ʀɢ ɬɮɳʀ ³ ɧɮɦ ɪʀɬɩɥ ɞɫɛɝʀɤ ɞɛɦɷɥɛ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɓɠɦɷɯ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɤ ɨɛ ɨɛɯɭɮ ɞɛɢ ɫɩɢɬɣɪɨʀ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɧɠɭɛɦʀɝ ɛɦɧɛɢʀɝ ɭɩɴɩ Ƚʀɟ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɣ ɧ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɢɫɛɢɮ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɫʀɢɥɠ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɠɨɨɺ ɥɫɮɭɣɢɨɣ ɬɰɣɦɮ ɟɨɛ ɑɺ ɢɩɨɛ ɫʀɢɥɩɞɩ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɠɨɨɺ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɣ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ³ ɧ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɛ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɰɣɦɮ Ƚʀɨ ɺɥ ʀ ɳɠɦɷɯ ɾ ɢɛɭɩɪɦɠɨɩɹ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ ʀɢ ɢɠɧɨɩɹ ɥɩɫɩɹ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ Ɉɛ ɬɭɣɥɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɣɰ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɴɩ ɫɮɰɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɦɛɨɱɹɡɥɣ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ
ɦ
4
2000 1 4000 6000 8000
6
2
6
3
3 5
7
Ɇɚɥ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɞɧɚ ɋɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ² ɲɟɥɶɮ ² ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɜɢɣ ɫɯɢɥ ² ɥɨɠɟ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ² ɨɫɬɪɿɜɧɚ ɞɭɝɚ ² ɨɤɟɚɧɿɱɧɢɣ ɠɨɥɨɛ ² ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɧɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɱɧɢɣ ɯɪɟɛɟɬ ² ɪɢɮɬɨɜɚ ɡɨɧɚ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
ɞɦɣɜɩɥɩɝɩɟɨʀ ɡɩɦɩɜɣ Ƚ ɮɬɷɩɧɮ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɧɮ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɡɩɦɩɜʀɝ ɾ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɭɫɣɟɱɺɭɷ Ɉɛɤɞɦɣɜɳɣɤ ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɫɠ ʀɢ ɨɣɰ ɇɛɫʀɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɡɩɦɩɜ ³ ɧ ɛ ɨɛɤɦɷɾɯɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɰɣɦɮ ³ ɟɩɝɳɣɤ ³ Ȼɦɠɮɭɬɷɥɣɤ ³ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɥɧ ɫʀɢɥɛ ɫɩɢɲɦɠɨɩɝɛɨʀɬɭɷ ɟɩɦɣɨɩ Ȳɢ ɢɩɨɩɹ ɬɭɣɥɮ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɧɣ ɯɩɫɧɛɧɣ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɟʀɹɲʀ ɝɮɦɥɛɨɣ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɱɠɨɭɫɣ ɪʀɟɝɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɥɛɨɷɤɩɨɛɧɣ ɒɛ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬʀɝ ɬɭʀɳɠ ɢɛ ɝɬɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɾ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɠɨ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɟɨɛ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɨɛɨɺɧ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɫʀɲɥɩɝɣɰ ɟɩɦɣɨ ɢɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɦɩɡɠɧ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ƚɩɨɛ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɪɩɈɣɧɣ ɫɮɰɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɩ ɬɰɣɦɮ ɢ ɝɠɦɣ ɨɛɟ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɢ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɲɣɧɣ ɥɩɹ ɳɝɣɟɥʀɬɭɹ ² ɥɧ ɞɩɟ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɥɧ Ƚ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɱʀɾʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɮɦ ɪʀɬɩɥ ɞɫɛɝʀɤ ɭɩɴɩ ɟɨɛ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɢɠɧɨɛ ɥɩɫɛ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɣɨɨɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨɛ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɛ ʁɰ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɣɬ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ Ƚɣɬɩɭɛ ɰɫɠɜɭʀɝ ɨɛɟ ɦɩɡɠɧ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ³ ɟɩ ³ ɧ ɳɣɫɣɨɛ ³ ² ɥɧ Ɏɢɟɩɝɡ ɩɬɷɩɝɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɰɫɠɜɭʀɝ ɾ ɞɦɣɜɩɥʀ ɮɴɠɦɣɨɣ ³ ɫɣɯɭɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɳɣɫɣɨɮ ɟɩ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɛ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɮ ³ ² ɥɧ Ɏɢɟɩɝɡ ɫɣɯɭʀɝ ɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɟʀɹɲɣɰ ɪʀɟɝɩɟɨɣɰ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɝ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɣ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɬɣɦɠɨɣɤ ɭɠɪɦɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɭʀɥ ɉɬɨɩɝɩɹ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɨɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɰɫɠɜɭʀɝ ɾ ɢɠɧɨɛ ɥɩɫɛ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɺɥɛ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ Ɇɚɥ Ɋɢɮɬɨɜɚ ɡɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɿ ɝɣɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ȱɫɥɚɧɞɿɹ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɛɦ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɟɛɬɚ Ƚɮɦɥɛɨʀɢɧ ʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɟɨɛ Ɋʀɟ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɧɣ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɧɣ ɦɩɡɛ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɢɠɧɨɛ ɥɩɫɛ ɟɮɡɠ ɭɩɨɥɛ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɥɧ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɱɠ ɝ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɪʀɟɤɩɧɮ ɧɛɞɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɭɩɥʀɝ ɭɛɥ ɢɝɛɨɣɰ ɞɛɫɺɲɣɰ ɭɩɲɩɥ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɭɮɡɨʀ ɝɮɦɥɛɨɣ ɑʀɥɛɝɩ ɴɩ ɝɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɫɮɰɮ ɪɦɣɭ ɫɮɰɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɤ ɬɛɧʀ ɝɮɦɥɛɨɣ ɍɩɧɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɟɩɝɞʀ ɦɛɨɱɹɡɥɣ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɍɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ Ⱦɛɝɛɤɬɷɥʀ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ ʀɢ ɞʀɞɛɨɭɬɷɥɣɧ Ɇɚɥ ȼɭɥɤɚɧ Ɇɚɭɧɚ Ʉɟɚ ɝɮɦɥɛɨɩɧ ɇɛɮɨɛ Ʌɠɛ ɧɛɦ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³?
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ Ɍɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɧ ɟɣɝɩɧ ɪʀɟɝɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɞɛɤɩɭɣ ³ ɱɠ ɪʀɟɝɩɟɨʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɢ ʀɟɠɛɦɷɨɩ ɫʀɝɨɣɧɣ ɧɛɤɟɛɨɲɣɥɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɨʀ ɑʀ ɫʀɝɨʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɷ ɮ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɥɫɛɭɠɫɣ ɢɞɛɬɦɣɰ ɪʀɟɝɩɟɨɣɰ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɝ ɢ ɪɦɣɨɩɧ ɲɛɬɮ ɢɛɪɩɝɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɲɥɛɧɣ ɧɮɦɮ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɝʀɟ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɣɰ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡ ɧɛɦ
G
Ⱦɿɸɱɢɣ ɜɭɥɤɚɧ
Ⱥɬɨɥ
Ƚɚɣɨɬ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɸɱɨɝɨ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɚ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɚɬɨɥ ɚ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɧɚ ɝɚɣɨɬ
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɍ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɞɚɜɧɿ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɢ" əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢ-
ɜɨɫɬɿ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ" 2. əɤɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɞɚɜɧɿɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɚ-
ɦɢ" 3. ɍ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɫɬɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ" əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢ-
ɜɨɫɬɿ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ" 4. ɑɢɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɥɶɽɮ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɞɚɜɧɶɨʀ ɿ ɦɨɥɨɞɨʀ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɫɬɨɫɬɿ" 5. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɞɧɚ ɋɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ" 6. Ɂ ɱɢɦ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɧɢɯ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɯɪɟɛɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɱ-
A E
ɧɢɯ ɠɨɥɨɛɿɜ" Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣ ɭ ɹɤɿɣ ɝɿɪɫɶɤɿɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɽ ɧɚɣɜɢɳɿ ɡɚ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɸ ɜɢɫɨɬɨɸ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢ ɫɜɿɬɭ ȼɢɩɢɲɢ ɧɚɡɜɢ ɿ ɜɢɫɨɬɢ ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯ ɡ ɧɢɯ 2. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɭ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɯ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɝɥɢɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɿ ɠɨɥɨɛɢ ɋɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
Ʌɦʀɧɛɭɩɭɝʀɫɨʀ ɲɣɨɨɣɥɣ ɍɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ɝɩɟ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ" əɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ" ȼɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɿ" ɑɢ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɯɨɞɿɥ ɿ ɜɨɞɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ" əɤ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɿ"
Ʌɦʀɧɛɭɩɭɝʀɫɨʀ ɲɣɨɨɣɥɣ ɚɥʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɩɭɝʀɫɨʀ ɲɣɨɨɣɥɣ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ" ɍɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɳ ɴɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɩɧ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɮɥɮɪɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɞɩɟɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɣɰ ɟɦɺ ɟɛɨɩʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɴɩ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɫɩɥɮ ɝ ɫʀɥ ɂɨɛɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɮɲɠɨɣɰ ɝɝɛɡɛɾ ɴɩ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɫɷɩɧɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɩɭɝʀɫɨɣɧɣ ɲɣɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨɩɹ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɴɩ ɨɛɟɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɱɣɫɥɮɦɺɱʀɾɹ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɭɛ ɪʀɟɬɭɣɦɷɨɩɹ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɹ Ȼɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɩɹ ɱɣɫɥɮɦɺɱʀɾɹ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɛɦɷɨʀ ɭɛ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɴɩ ɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɛɰ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɹɭɷ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɫɠɡɣɧɮ Ɋʀɟɬɭɣɦɷɨɩɹ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɹ ɨɛ ɺɥɮ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɦɺɹɭɷ ɬɩɨɺɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɝɩɟɨɣɤ ɪɫɩɬɭʀɫ ɭɛ ɬɮɰɩɟʀɦ ɬɮɰɩɟʀɦ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɧ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɩɧ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɧ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨʀɬɭɹ Ƚʀɟ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɮ ɪʀɟɬɭɣɦɷɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɩ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɪɫɣɢɠɧɨɩɞɩ ɳɛɫɮ ɭɫɩɪɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɛ ɩɭɡɠ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ
ɋɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ɍɩɨɺɲɨɛ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɺ ʀ ʁʁ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀɤ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɱʀ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɝɣɪɫɩɧʀɨɹɾ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɮ ɝɬʀɰ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɛɰ Ɇɣɳɠ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨɮ ʁʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɾ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɢɛ ɟɩɜɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɮɦʀ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɾ ɝʀɟ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɨʀɡ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɩɞɦɩ ɜ ɟɛɭɣ ɝɬɠ ɪɛɦɣɝɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɠ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɩɧ ɢɛ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɪɫɣ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɫʀɲɨɣɰ ɩɜɬɺɞɛɰ ɬɪɩɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ Ɋɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɪɫɩɢɩɫɠ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɝʀɟ Ɍɩɨɱɺ Ƚʀɟ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɠɧɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ ɛ ɝɡɠ ɝʀɟ ɨɠʁ ɬɭɛɾ ɭɠɪɦɣɧ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ Ɍɩɨɺɲɨɛ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɺ ɪɠɫɳ ɨʀɡ ɟɩɬɺɞɭɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɩɝɞɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ɝ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫʀ ȿɩɦɛɹɲɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɩɹ ɧʀɫɩɹ ɪɩɞɦɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɤ ɫɩɢɬʀɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɩɹ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɩɹ Ƚɬɷɩɞɩ ɛɭɧɩ ɬɯɠɫɛ ɪɩɞɦɣɨɛɾ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɺɥɛ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɦɺɾ ɨɛ ʁʁ ɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɧɠɡɮ ɧɛɦ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɔɠ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɝʀɟɜɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɰɧɛɫ ɝ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫʀ ɭɛ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɤ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɥɩɬɧɩɬ ɋɠɳɭɛ ɝʀɟ ɮɬʀɾʁ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɺɥɛ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɛ ɝɩɟɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɭɛ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɪɫɺɧɣɰ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀɝ ɛɜɩ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɫɩɢɬʀɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫʀ ɪɩɞɦɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɠɧɨɩɹ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɹ Ƚɩɨɛ ɢɛɭɫɛɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ɝɩɟ ɭɛ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɝɣɪɛɫɩɝɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɩɟɣ ɯɩɭɩɬɣɨɭɠɢ ɮ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɦɣɬɭɥɛɰ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ Ɋɫɣɢɠɧɨɣɤ ɳɛɫ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɠ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɝʀɟ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɛ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɲʀ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɞɫʀɭɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɭɛ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɍɩɧɮ ɝ ɭɫɩɪɩɬɯɠɫʀ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɢɨɣɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɓɣɫɩɭɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɹɭɷ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɺɥʀ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɑɠ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɩ ɢ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɣɤ ɪɫɩɧʀɨɷ ɭɮɭ ɩɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɪʀɟ ɥɮɭɩɧ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɣɧ ɟɩ ɪɫɺɧɩɞɩ ʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɮ ɪɦɩɴɮ ɍɩɧɮ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɾ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɧɛɦ Ɋɫɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɩɧɮ ɥɮɭʀ ɪɛɟʀɨɨɺ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀɝ ɨɛɝɪɛɥɣ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɺ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀɝ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɪɦɩɴɮ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛ ɭɛɥɩɞɩ ɡ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɮ ɺɥ ɨɛ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀ ɭɮɭ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɾ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɧɠɨɳɠ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛɤɧɠɨɳʀ ɥɮɭɣ ɪɛɟʀɨɨɺ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀɝ ɜʀɦɺ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ ɮ ɪɩɦɺɫɨʀ ɟɨʀ ɉɥɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɺ ɨɛ ɱɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɟɩɝɞɣɰ ɨɩɲɠɤ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɥɩɬɧɩɬ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɭɫɛɭɛ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɢɠɧɨɩɹ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɹ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɛ ɨɠɜʀ ɝʀɟɬɮɭɨʀ ɰɧɛɫɣ
34%
20% Ⱥɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ
46%
Ɂɟɦɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ
Ɇɚɥ Ɋɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɨʀ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ ɳɨ ɩɨɬɪɚɩɥɹɽ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɸ ɦɟɠɭ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɢ Ɂɟɦɥɿ
Ɇɚɥ Ɂɚɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɤɭɬɚ ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɿɜ
Ɇɚɥ Ɋɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɿɜ ɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ Ɂɟɦɥɿ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ȿɮɡɠ ɭɩɨɥɣɤ ɪɫɣɢɠɧɨɣɤ ɳɛɫ ɭɫɩɪɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɾ ɭɠɪɦɩ ɝʀɟ ɬɭɣɥɛɨɨɺ ʀɢ ɨɛɞɫʀ ɭɩɹ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɧɠɨɺɧɣ ɢɠɧɨɩɹ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɹ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɣ Ɉɛɞɫʀɭɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɳɛɫɮ ɬɭɛɾ ɦɠɞɳɣɧ ʀ ɪʀɟʀɤɧɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɞɩɫɮ ɐɩɦɩɟɨʀɳɠ ɝɛɡɲɠ ɪɩ ɝʀɭɫɺ ɩɪɮɬɥɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɑɠɤ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɨɛɢɣ ɝɛɹɭɷ ɥɩɨɝɠɥɱʀɾɹ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɧɛɹɲɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɮ ɭɠɧ ɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɝɣɪɫɩɧʀ ɨɹɾ ɨɠɝɣɟɣɧʀ ɟɦɺ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɥɛ ɭɠɪɦɩɝʀ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀ ɂɛɝɟɺ ɥɣ ɥɩɨɝɠɥɱʀʁ ɭɛ ɝɣɪɫɩɧʀɨɹ ɝɛɨɨɹ ɪɫɩɞɫʀɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɤ ɝɣɴʀ ɳɛɫɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɭɫɩɪɩɬɯɠɫɣ
Ƚɪɦɣɝ ɪʀɟɬɭɣɦɷɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɨɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ
Ɍɮɰɩɟʀɦ ɺɥ ɪʀɟɬɭɣɦɷɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ Ƚɪɦɣɝ ɪʀɟɬɭɣɦɷɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɨɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɪɩɦɺɞɛɾ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɝʀɟ ɨɠʁ ɢɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɺɥɛ ɲɛɬɭɥɛ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɝʀɟʀɜ·ɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɥɩɬɧʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɫɩɬɭʀɫ ɛ ɩɭɡɠ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɩɞɩ ɥɫʀɧ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɟɛɬɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɣ ɍɛɥ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ ɝɥɫɣɭɛ ɬɨʀɞɩɧ ɝʀɟɜɣɝɛɾ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ʀ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɛɭɫɛɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɛɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɭɛ ɝɣɪɛɫɩɝɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɩɟɣ ɧɛɦ Ȼ ɩɭ ɮɡɠ ɬɮɰɩɟʀɦ ɝɥɫɣɭɣɤ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɭɫɛɝɛɧɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɾ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɴɩ ɨɛɟʀɤɳɦɛ ɝʀɟ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɍɩɧɮ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɟɠ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɦʀɭɨʀɤ ʀ ɢɣɧɩɝɣɤ ɬɠɢɩɨɣ ɮ ɬɨʀɡɨɮ ɢɣɧɮ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɧɠɨɳɠ ɪɩɞɦɣɨɛɹɭɷ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɨʀɡ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ Ƚɩɟɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ ʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ Ƚɩɟɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ ɪɩɞɦɣɨɛɾ ² ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɴɩ ɨɛɟʀɤɳɦɛ ɝʀɟ Ɍɩɨɱɺ Ɋɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɨɛɞɫʀɭɛ ɝɩɟɛ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɝʀɟɟɛɾ ɪɩɞɦɣɨɮɭɮ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɹ ɮ ɥɩɬɧɩɬ ɍɩɧɮ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɹɭɷ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɟɦɺ ɮɭɫɣɧɛɨɨɺ ɭɠɪɦɩɝɩʁ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɝ ɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɭɠɪɦɠ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛɟ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɹ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɛ ɤ ɨɛɟ ɪɫɣɦɠɞɦɣɧɣ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɧɣ 74 % ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɢɟɛɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɭɠɪɦɩ ɮ ɥɩɬɧʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɫɩɬɭʀɫ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨʀ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɨɠ ɢɛɧɠɫɢɛɹɭɷ ɤ 15% 26% ɮɢɣɧɥɮ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɟɭɩ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɩɰɩɦɩɟɣɭɣɬɺ ʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɆɚɥ ɑɚɫɬɤɚ ɜɿɞɛɢɬɨʀ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɨʀ ɫɛɧ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ ɫɧɿɝɨɦ ɿ ɬɪɚɜ¶ɹɧɢɦ ɩɨɤɪɢɜɨɦ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɋ
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Ɇɚɥ Ɋɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɂɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ɝɩɟ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɓɣɫɩɭɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɋɩɢɞɦɺɨɮɝɳɣ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ʀɢɩɭɠɫɧ ɨɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀɤ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɴɩ ɜʀɦɺ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧʀɬɺɲɨʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɦɣɪɨɺ ʀ ɬʀɲɨɺ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɭɷ ɪɩɨɛɟ Ɍ ȼʀɦɺ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ ɝɩɨɣ ɮ ɢɣɧɩɝʀ ɧʀɬɺɱʀ ɬɺɞɛɹɭɷ ɟɩ ² ɛ ɦʀɭɨʀ ³ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɟɩ Ɍ ɂɨɛɲɨʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɧʀɡ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɢɣɧɣ ʀ ɦʀɭɛ ɾ ɭɛɥɩɡ ʀ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɧʀɡ ɪɩɦɹɬɩɧ ʀ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɬɥɛɢɛɭɣ ɴɩ ɢ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɫʀɲɨʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɢɨɣɡɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɧɛɦ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɩɹ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɩɹ ɭɛɥɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɮ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɾ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɮ ɥɮɭɛɰ ɪɛɟʀɨɨɺ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀɝ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɳɣɫɩɭɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɹɭɷ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɫʀɢɨɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɂɧʀɨɛ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ɝɩɟ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɨɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɝɬʀɾʁ ɧɛɬɣ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɝɩɟɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ Ɍ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɛ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɺ ɺɥɮ ɪɩɞɦɣɨɛɾ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɝɣɭɫɛɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɨɛ ɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɠɫɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɳɛɫɮ ɝɩɟɣ ɟɩ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɣ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɧ Ɉɛ ɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛɰ ɨɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɝɩɟ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɩ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɲɣ ɝʀɟ Ɍ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɟɩ ² Ɍ ɮ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ɝɩɟ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɪɩɨɛɟ Ɍ Ɏ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
ɝɩɨɛ ɨɛ ɝɣɴɛ ɨʀɡ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ƚ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɝɩɟɣ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ² Ɍ Ɏ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɾ ² ɛ ɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ³ ² Ɍɛɧɠ ɮ ɱɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɢɛɯʀɥɬɩɝɛɨɩ ɨɛɤɝɣɴʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɫʀɲɨʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ɝɩɟ ɮ Ɋɠɫɬɷɥʀɤ ɢɛɭɩɱʀ ³ Ɍ ɮ ɒɠɫɝɩɨɩɧɮ ɧɩɫʀ ³ Ɍ ȿɦɺ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɛ ɬɠɢɩɨɨɛ ɢɧʀɨɛ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɝɩɟɣ ɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɫʀɲɨɛ ɢɨɣɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɛɰ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ Ɍ Ɏ ɪɫɣɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɰ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɣɰ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ɝɩɟ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɢɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ² Ɍ Ɋɫɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫʀ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ² Ɍ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɛ ɝɩɟɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩʁ ɬɩɦɩɨɩɬɭʀ ɢɛɧɠɫɢɛɾ ɲɣɧ ɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɬɩɦɩɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɣɧ ɨɣɡɲɛ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɢɛɧɠɫɢɛɨɨɺ ɍɩɧɮ ɜʀɦɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɹɬɛ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɫʀɲɨɣɤ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɢɛɝɭɩɝɳɥɣ ɟɩ ² ɧ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɨɬɜɿɪɧɿ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ" 2. əɤ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɚ ɟɧɟɪɝɿɹ ɹɤɚ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ Ɂɟɦɥɿ" 3. əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɚ ɟɧɟɪɝɿɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ Ɂɟɦɥɿ" 4. əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɿɞɫɬɢɥɶɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ" 5. əɤɿ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɨɜɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨɫɥɿɞɤɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɡɦɿɧɿ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɩɪɢ-
ɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɪɭ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɢ" 6. əɤ ɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɢɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ȼɢɡɧɚɱ ɹɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɡɦɿɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɿɞɫɬɢɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɡɚ ɫɟɡɨɧɚɦɢ ɭ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ 2. Ɉɩɢɲɢ ɜɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɨɬɜɿɪɧɢɯ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɢɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɪɭ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɭ ɬɜɨʀɣ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɪɨɤɭ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
ɧɚɩɪɹɦ ɧɚ ɉɨɥɹɪɧɭ ɡɿɪɤɭ
ɱɟɪɜɧɹ ɛɟɪɟɡɧɹ ɝɪɭɞɧɹ
Ʌɿɧɿɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɭ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ
Ɋɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ʀ ɝɩɟɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ʀ ɭɣɪɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ȼɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɿ ɜɨɥɨɝɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɿ" Ɂɚ ɹɤɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ ɡ ɯɦɚɪ ɜɢɩɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɨɩɚɞɢ"
Ɋɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ʁɰ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ Ɋɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ʀ ʁɰ ɭɣɪɣ Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɭɛ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɾ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɩɜ·ɾɧʀɝ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɢ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɧɣ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭɺɧɣ Ɋɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɲɣ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɨɛɟ ɥɩɨɥɫɠɭɨɩɹ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɾɹ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ ɨɛ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɧɛɦ ɨɛɜɮɝɛɾ ɪɠɝɨɣɰ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɝɩɦɩɞɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩɢɩɫɩɬɭʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɩɜ·ɾɧɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɢ ɪɠɝɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɬɭɛɜʀɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɫɮɰɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ɩɟɨɠ ɱʀɦɠ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɧɣ ɧɛɬɛɧɣ Ƚɣɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɹɭɷ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨʀ ɭɣɪɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɧʀɫɨʀ ɭɛ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɀɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɢɨɣɡɠɨɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɧɛɾ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɬɭɷ ɍɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɧʀɡ Ɂɧɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɬɢɫɤ ɇɢɡɶɤɢɣ ɬɢɫɤ
ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨ ɫɯɿɞɧɿ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɸɫ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱɧɿ W ɧɢɡɶɤɿ Ɋ ɜɢɫɨɤɢɣ
Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɿ 60° ɉɨɦɿɪɧɿ W ɡɢɦɨɸ ± ɧɢɡɶɤɿ ɥɿɬɨɦ ± ɜɢɫɨɤɿ Ɋ ɧɢɡɶɤɢɣ
ɉɚɫɚɬɢ 30°
ȿɤɜɚɬɨɪ
Ɍɪɨɩɿɱɧɿ ȿɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɿ W ɡɢɦɨɸ ± ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɜɢɫɨɤɿ W ɜɢɫɨɤɿ ɥɿɬɨɦ ± ɞɭɠɟ ɜɢɫɨɤɿ Ɋ ɧɢɡɶɤɢɣ Ɋ ɜɢɫɨɤɢɣ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɧɢɯ ɦɚɫ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɜɿɞ ɤɭɬɚ ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɿɜ ɚ ɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɬɪɨɩɨɫɮɟɪɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
ɪɨ ɳ ʀ ɪɟ ɳ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɠɨɩɹ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɩɹ ʀ ɨɣɢɷɥɩɹ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩɹ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɬɭɹ Ɋɩɧʀɫɨʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɟ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɩɥɠɛɨɛɧɣ ȳɰ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɬɠɢɩɨʀɝ ɮɦʀɭɥɮ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɛ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɥɛ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɣɬɰʀɟɨɣɤ ɫɮɰ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɧɛɦ ɩɪɛɟɣ ɮɢɣɧɥɮ ³ ɨɣɢɷɥʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ʀ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɬɭɷ Ȼɫɥɭɣɲɨɠ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɟ ɦɷɩɟɛɧɣ Ȼɫɥɭɣɥɣ ɭɛ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣɲɨɩ ɢɛɧɠɫɢɛɹɲɣɧɣ ɧɩɫɺɧɣ Ƚɩɨɩ ɧɛɾ ɝɥɫɛɤ ɨɣɢɷɥʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ʀ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɬɭɷ ɧɛɦ Ɋɠɫɠɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ Ƚɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɩʁ ɧɛɬɣ ɧɛɾ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɨɛɟ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɩɧ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɲɣ ɝ ɢɠɨʀɭʀ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɢɧʀɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɩ ɟɩ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɩ ɟɩ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛ ɭɩɡ ʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɟɠɴɩ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɨɣɧ Ɋɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɲɛɬɭɥɩɝɩ ɝɭɫɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɬɝɩʁ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɨɛɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɩɝɣɰ Ɉɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɢɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ʁɰ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɭɛ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɩɢɩɫʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨɛ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɛ ɱɣɫɥɮɦɺɱʀɺ
ɤɦ
ɋɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɨʀɤ ɥɮɦʀ ɋɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɩ ɢɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɮ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɍɩɧɮ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɜ ɪɫɣɪɮɬɭɣɭɣ ɴɩ ɜʀɦɺ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɟɠ ɨɛɤɝɣɴʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɭɣɬɥ ɨɛɤɨɣɡɲɣɤ ɂ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ ɝʀɨ ɧɛɝ ɜɣ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɮɝɛɭɣɬɷ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɛ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɛɫɨɛ ɬɰɠɧɛ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɮ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɧɛɾ ɟɠɴɩ ʀɨɳɣɤ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ ɧɛɦ Ƚ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɪɛɨɮɾ ɪɩɺɬ ɢɨɣɡɠɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɟɪɬɚɧɧɹ ɭɣɬɥɮ ȿɩ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɤ ɟɩ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ² ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɠɨɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ȿɛɦʀ ɨɛ ² ɪɨ ȼ ʀ ɪɟ ɳ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɢɨɣɡɠɨɩɇ ɇ ɇ ɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɤ ɮ ɪɫɣɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ³ ȼ ȼ ȼ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɠɨɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɑʀɦɥɩɧ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɩ ɲɩɧɮ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɭɣɬɥ ɇ ɇ ɇ ɪɛɨɮɾ ɜʀɦɺ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ ³ ɭɛɧ ɥɩɨɱɠɨɭɫɮɾɭɷ ɬɺ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɠ ɛ ɩɭɡɠ ɝɛɡɥɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɚɥ ɡɠ ȼ ȼ ȼ ɪɩɺɬɨɣɭɣ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɭɣɬɥ ɨɛ ɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ" ɑɠ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɩ ɢ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɦɠɞɥɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɨɛɟ ɇ ɇ ɇ ȼ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɪʀɟʀɤɧɛɾɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɫɩɢɭʀɥɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɤɦ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɜɩɥɣ ɟɩ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɭɛ ɟɩ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ Ƚɩɨɩ ɜ ɫɮɰɛɦɩɬɷ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ ɛɦɠ Ɇɚɥ ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɬɢɫɤɭ ɿ ɝɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɟʀʁ ɬɣɦɣ Ʌɩɫʀɩɦʀɬɛ ɩɪɮɬɥɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɢɯ ɜɿɬɪɿɜ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɇ ± ɧɢɡɶɤɢɣ ɮɡɠ ɨɛ ɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɋɮɰɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɬɢɫɤ ȼ ± ɜɢɫɨɤɢɣ ɬɢɫɤ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɟɩ ɰ ɮ ɝɠɫɰɨɷɩɧɮ ɳɛɫʀ ɭɫɩɪɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɝɩɨɩ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɩɰɩɦɩɟɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ Ɏ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɭɮɭ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɾ ɭɛɥɛ ɬɣɭɮɛɱʀɺ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɛɟ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɣɧ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɧ ɜʀɦɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɩɰɩɦɩɟɡɠɨɠ ɝɛɡɥɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɺɥɠ ɤ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɾ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɭɣɬɥ ɨɛ ɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɩ ɩɜɣɟɝɛ ɜɩɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ² ɪɨ ʀ ɪɟ ɳ ɭɣɬɥ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɠɨɣɤ ɭɩ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɢ ɨɣɧɣ ɮ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɭɣɬɥ ɾ ɨɣɢɷɥɣɧ Ɋɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ Ƚʀɭɫɣ ɴɩ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɟ ɢɠɧɨɩɹ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɹ ɟɮɡɠ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɩʁ ɱɣɫɥɮɦɺɱʀʁ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ȳɰ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɭʀɬɨɩ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɠ ɢ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ʀ ɨɣɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥʀɝ Ɏ ɥɩɡɨɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɨɣɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ʀɢ ɬɮɬʀɟɨɷɩʁ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɉɭɡɠ ɢ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɟɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɺɥʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɛɬɛɭɛɧɣ Ƚɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɟʀʁ ɬɣɦɣ Ʌɩɫʀɩɦʀɬɛ ɝɩɨɣ ɝʀɟɰɣɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɞɩ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɟɧɮɭɷ ɢ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɤ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɛ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ³ ɢ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɬɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɢɛɰʀɟ Ƚʀɭɫɣ ɴɩ ɟɧɮɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɝ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɟɩ ɳɣɫɩɭ ² ɪɨ ʀ ɪɟ ɳ ɝʀɟɰɣɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɪɫɛɝɩ ɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɝɦʀɝɩ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɴɩ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷ ɬɝʀɤ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɩɥ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɤ ɍɩɧɮ ɝ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɰɩɲ ɝɩɨɣ ɤ ɨɠ ɭɛɥʀ ɬɭɛɦʀ ɺɥ ɪɛɬɛɭɣ ɂ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɠɤ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɟɩ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɢ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɨɣɢɷɥɣɧ ɭɣɬɥɩɧ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɟɧɮɭɷ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɂɛɢɨɛɹɲɣ ɟʀʁ ɬɣɦɣ ɩɜɠɫɭɛɨɨɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɾ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɢɛ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɩɧ ɛ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ³ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ȳɰ ɴɠ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɭɫɛɧɣ ɇɮɬɩɨɣ ȿɦɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɭɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɪʀɫ ɫɩɥɮ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷ ɬɝʀɤ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɩɥ ɨɛ ɪɫɩɭɣɦɠɡɨɣɤ ɛɜɩ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɣɤ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ Ƚɢɣɧɥɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɟɧɮɭɷ ɢ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɛ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ ³ ɢ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɍɛɥʀ ɢɧʀɨɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɧɮɬɩɨɛɧɣ Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɩɹ ʁɰ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɾ ɨɠɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɮɳʀ ɭɛ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɂɣɧɩɝɣɤ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɤ ɧɮɬɩɨ ɟɧɠ ɢ ɟɮɡɠ ɩɰɩɦɩɟɡɠɨɩʁ ɬɮɳʀ ɢ Ȱɝɫɩ Â Í ɛɢʀɛɭɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ Í ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɮ ɜʀɥ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɭɠɪɦɩɞɩ ɨɠɢɛɧɠɫɢɛɹɲɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɭɛ ȻɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɁɢɦɨɜɢɣ ɦɭɫɨɧ Ʌɿɬɧɿɣ ɦɭɫɨɧ ɨɩɞɩ Ɇʀɭɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɤ ɧɮɬɩɨ ɟɧɠ ɢ ɜɩɥɮ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɨɛ ɨɛɞɫʀɭɮ ɬɮɳɮ ɟɠ ɝɬɭɛɆɚɥ Ɇɭɫɨɧɢ ɧɚ ɩɿɜɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɯɨɞɿ ɨɩɝɦɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɣɢɷɥɣɤ ɭɣɬɥ ɧɛɦ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
ɂɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɮ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɉɪɛɟɣ ɨɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɋɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɪɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɮɦʀ ɢɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɛ ɩɭɡɠ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨ ɝɣɪɛɫɩɝɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɝɩɦɩɞɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɾ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɨɨɺ ɝɣɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɲɣ ɨɣɢɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɪɩɭɩɥʀɝ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɂɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝʀɟ ɪɛɨɮɹɲɣɰ ɝʀɭɫʀɝ ɝɣɬɩɭɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɬɭʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɮ ɬɮɳʀ ɤ ɧɩɫɺ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɠɲʀɤ Ƚ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ³ ² ɧɧ ʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɛɧ ɮɝɠɬɷ ɫʀɥ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɠ ɝɣɪɛɫɩɝɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɭɷ ɝɣɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɪɩɭɩɥɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɢɧɠɨɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ² ɧɧ ɛ ɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷɨɣɰ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɺɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ³ ʁɰ ɧɠɨɳ ɨʀɡ ɧɧ Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɩɹ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɾ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɮɭ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɢ ɨɣɢɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɭɩɥɛɧɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɉɪɮɬɥɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɬɭɛɾ ɭɠɪɦʀɳɣɧ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɛ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɬɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɧɠɨɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɱɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɺɥʀ ɩɧɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɭɠɲʀɺɧɣ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɭɛɥ ɧɛɦɩ ɴɩ ɭɛɧ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ Ȼɭɛɥɛɧɛ ³ ɧɛɦ Ɇɚɥ ɉɭɫɬɟɥɹ Ⱥɬɚɤɚɦɚ Ɉɛɧʀɜ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɑɠ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɨɛɟ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɣɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɧɣ ɭɠɲʀɺɧɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɛɨɮɾ ɨɣɢɰʀɟɨɣɤ ɫɮɰ
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ɦɟɧɲɟ ɦɦ
ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɡɜɨɥɨɠɟɧɿ ɨɩɚɞɚɦɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɢ ɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɭ Ɇɚɥ Ʉɚɪɬɨɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɪɿɱɧɨʀ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɧɨɦɭ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɿ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ Ɉɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɩɧɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɠɪɦɣɧɣ ɭɠɲʀɺɧɣ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɩɪɛɟɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ Ȼɟɡɠ ɨɛɟ ɭɠɪɦɣɧɣ ɭɠɲʀɺɧɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɪʀɟʀɤɧɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɞɩɫɮ ɩɰɩɦɩɟɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɛ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɬɭɷ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɾ Ƚ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɰɧɛɫɣ ʀ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɩɪɛɟɣ Ɉɛɤɝɩɦɩɞʀɳʀ ɭɛ ɨɛɤɬɮɰʀɳʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɮɦʀ ɇɛɥɬɣɧɮɧ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɫʀɲɨɩʁ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɢɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɫʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫɠɡɠɨɷ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɮ ɪɠɫɠɟɞʀɫ·ɺɰ Ⱦʀɧɛɦɛʁɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȳɨɟʀɺ ɮ ɬɠɦɣɴʀ ɒɠɫɫɛɪɮɨɟɡʀ ³ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɧɧ ɢɛ ɫʀɥ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɢɛ ɮɝɠɬɷ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫɠɡɠɨɷ ɢɛɫɠɾɬɭɫɩɝɛɨɛ ɫʀɲɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɛ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɧɧ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɧ ȿɫɮɞɠ ɢɛ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɬɭɹ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ³ Ⱦɛɝɛɤɬɷɥʀ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ ɟɩ ɧɧ ɫʀɥ ɇʀɨʀɧɛɦɷɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɺɰ ɮ Ɍɛɰɛɫʀ ɜʀɦɺ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ȼɬɮɛɨ ³ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɧɧ ɢɛ ɫʀɥ
Ƚɩɟɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɭɛ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɭɠɲʀʁ Ɋɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝʀ ɝɩɟɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ʁɰ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭʀ Ɉɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛɰ ɮ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɧɮ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɬɩɦɩɨʀɬɭɹ ɭɛ ɟɠɺɥɣɧɣ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛɧɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɩɜ·ɾɧɣ ɝɩɟ ɢ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɧɣ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɠɝɨɣɰ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛɰ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɧɛɬɛɧɣ ɂɛ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɩɹ ɳɛɫɮ ʁɰ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝʀ ɪɫɩɧʀɡɨʀ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɨʀ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɟɩɨɨʀ ɍɩɝɴɣɨɛ ɳɛɫɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ɝɩɟɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ɬɺɞɛɾ ² ɧ Ɋɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɲɣ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɮ ɥɩɨɭɛɥɭʀ ɢ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɩɹ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ʁɰɨʀ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɣ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ Ɋɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫʀ ɂɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɨɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝʀ ɝɩɟɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɭɣɪɣ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɀ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ Ɋɨɍ ʀ Ɋɟɍ ɪɩɧʀɫɨʀ ɊɨɊ ʀ ɊɟɊ ɬɮɜɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɌɜȻɫ ɬɮɜɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɌɜȻɨ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ Ȼɫ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ Ȼɨ ɀɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɝɩɟɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɣɧɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɹ ɬɩɦɩɨʀɬɭɹ ɧɛɦɩɹ ɞɮɬɭɣɨɩɹ ɭɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɧ ɝɧʀɬɭɩɧ ɥɣɬɨɹ ȿɦɺ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɝɩɟɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɛ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɠɨɛ ɬɩɦɩɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɛ ɞɮɬɭɣɨɛ ɟɠɯʀɱɣɭ ɥɣɬɨɹ Ɋɩɧʀɫɨʀ ɝɩɟɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɧɛɦɮ ɬɩɦɩɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɪɩɧʀɭɨɮ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɮ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛɰ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ʀ ɦʀɭɩɧ Ɋɩɦɺɫɨʀ ɝɩɟɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɭɛ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɨɛɤɨɣɡɲɮ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɮ ʀ ɬɩɦɩɨʀɬɭɷ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɝɧʀɬɭ ɥɣɬɨɹ ɂɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɮ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɠɲʀɤ ɍɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɳ ɴɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɭɠɲʀʁ ³ ɱɠ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɝɩɟɣ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨɛɰ ʀ ɧɩɫɺɰ ɪɠɝɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɧɣ ɳɦɺɰɛɧɣ ɍɩɜɭɩ ɱɠ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɾ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɳɣɫɣɨɛ ³ ɬɩɭɠɨɷ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɛ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛ ³ ɬɩɭɠɨɷ ɧɠɭɫʀɝ Ƚɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɭɠɲʀɤ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɧɛɾ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɛ ɱɣɫɥɮɦɺɱʀɺ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɍɠɲʀʁ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨɛɰ ɪɩ ɟɝɛ ɥʀɦɷɱɺ ɧɛɦ Ɋɛɬɛɭɣ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɹɭɷ ɪɛɬɛɭɨʀ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɴɩ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɍɛɧ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛɜɣɫɛɹɭɷ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ʀ ɫɮɰɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɮɹɲɣ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɝɩɟɣ ɑɠ ɪɫɣɢɝɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɭʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɠɲʀɤ ɴɩ ɫɮɰɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɮɢɟɩɝɡ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ Ⱦɩɦɷɯ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
ɬɭɫʀɧ Ʌɮɫɩɬʀɩ Ɏ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɱʀ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɪʀɟɰɩɪɦɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɛɨɮɹɲɣɧɣ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɭɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɒɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɝɩɟ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɥɩɧɪɠɨɬɛɱʀɤɨɣɰ ɭɠɲʀɤ ɫɮɰɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɢɝʀɟɥɣ ɪɛɬɛɭɣ ɝɣɞɨɛɦɣ ɝɩɟɮ Ʌɛɦʀɯɩɫɨʀɤɬɷɥɛ Ʌɛɨɛɫɬɷɥɛ ɢɛɧɣɥɛɹɲɣ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɠ ɥʀɦɷɱɠ ɬɟɩɥɿ ɬɟɱɿʀ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɿ ɬɟɱɿʀ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɛ ɧɛɬɛ ɝɩɟɣ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɠɨɩʁ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɭɫɛɧɣ ɫɮɰɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɢɛɆɚɥ ɋɩɪɨɳɟɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɟɱɿɣ ɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɮ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɪɫɣɪɩɦɺɫɨʀ ɳɣɫɩɭɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɛɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɭɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɛ ɂɝʀɟɭɣ ɝɩɟɛ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɬɭʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɠɲʀɤ ɺɥʀ ɪʀɟɰɩɪɦɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɭɫɛɧɣ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɟɩ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ Ɇɛɜɫɛɟɩɫɬɷɥɛ Ʌɛɧɲɛɭɬɷɥɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɛɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɢɛɧɣɥɛɹɲɣ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɠ ɥʀɦɷɱɠ Ɏ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɩɟɨɠ ɥʀɦɷɱɠ ɝ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ʀ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ Ɋɠɫɳɩɪɫɣɲɣɨɩɹ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɾ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɛɬɛɭɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɠ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛ ɳɦɺɰɮ ɝɩɟ ɪʀɟɰɩɪɦɠɨɣɰ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɭɫɛɧɣ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɥɩɦɩɝɛ ɭɠɲʀɺ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ Ƚʀɭɫʀɝ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨʀ ʁʁ ɝʀɟɞɛɦɮɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɟɮ ɝ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɳɣɫɩɭɣ Ɋɠɫɮɛɨɬɷɥɛ ȼɠɨɞɛɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɛɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɇʀɡɪɛɬɛɭɨɣɧɣ ɭɠɲʀɺɧɣ ɩɜɩɰ ɪʀɝɥɮɦɷ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɇʀɡɪɛɬɛɭɨɛ ɪɫɩɭɣɭɠɲʀɺ Ɏ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɧɮɬɩɨɨɛ ɱɣɫɥɮɦɺɱʀɺ ɪɩɫɩɟɡɮɾ ɬɠɢɩɨɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɩɝʀ ɭɠɲʀʁ
Ʌɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ʀ ɭɣɪɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ɋɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ȼɠɫɮɲɣ ɟɩ ɮɝɛɞɣ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɪɠɝɨɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺɰ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɣ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɭɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɥɩɡɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷ ɬʀɧ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ Ɋɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ʀ ³ ɟɩ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɣɰ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɛ ɩɢɨɛɥɛ ɪɩɺɬɮ ³ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɣɰ ɲɣ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɭɣɪʀɝ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ Ƚ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɮ ɭɩɪɩɬɯɠɫʀ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɫʀɥ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɲɣɧ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɉɭɡɠ ɝ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɬɮɥɮɪɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɞɩɟɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɧɣ ɧɛɬɛɧɣ ɮ ɟɝɩɰ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ³ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɮ ɟɝɩɰ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ³ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɧɣ ɮ ɟɝɩɰ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɣɰ ³ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ʀ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ³ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɭɛ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɧɣ ɧɛɬɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ Ɋɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɺɥʀ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɧʀɡ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɠɢɩɨɨɩɹ ɢɧʀɨɩɹ ɪɛɨɮɹɲɣɰ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ɟɣɝ ɧɛɦ ɑɠ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ
5
3
2
1
2
3
5
ɉ Ɉ ȼȱɌ Ɋə ɇȱ Ɇ Ⱥɋ ɂ ȿɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɿ
Ɍɪɨɩɿɱɧɿ
ɉɨɦɿɪɧɿ
Ʉ ɅȱɆ ȺɌ ɂ ɑ ɇȱ ɉ Ɉə ɋ ɂ
Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱɧɿ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɿ
ȿɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɋɭɛɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɿ Ɍɪɨɩɿɱɧɿ ɋɭɛɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɿ ɉɨɦɿɪɧɿ ɋɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɫɭɛɚɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɢɣ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɚɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɢɣ
Ɇɚɥ ɋɯɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɧɢɯ ɦɚɫ ɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɿɜ
ɋ
ɋ
ɦɦ
ɦɦ 500
40 400 20 300 0 200 -20
Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ
ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɮɜɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɤ ʀ ɬɮɜɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɺɬɣ Ɋɩɞɩɟɛ ɝ ɱɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɮ ɦʀɭɨʀɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɛ ɟɩ ɭʀɾʁ ɺɥɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɛ ɟɦɺ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɜɦɣɡɲɩɞɩ ɝʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɟɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɛ ɝ ɢɣɧɩɝɣɤ ³ ɭɣɰ ɴɩ ɜɦɣɡɲʀ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ Ƚɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɝʀɟ ɟɝɩɰ ɟɩ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɧɣ ɭɣɪɛɧɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭʀɝ ȳɰɨɾ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɠ ɢ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɲɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɟ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦʀ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɴɩ ɩɭɩɲɮɾ ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀɬɭɷ ɍɛɥ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɭɣɪ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɧɛɦ ɟɛɦʀ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ³ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɺɥɣɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɧɠɨɳɣɧ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɢɛ-
100 -40 ɋ Ʌ Ȼ Ʉ Ɍ ɑ Ʌ ɋ ȼ ɀ Ʌ Ƚ Ɇɿɫɹɰɿ
0
Ɇɚɥ ɍ ɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɭ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɞɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɽ ɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɟ ɜɢɩɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɨʀ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ ɜ ɭɫɿ ɦɿɫɹɰɿ ɬɚ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɧɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɰɸ ɦɿɠ ɡɢɦɨɜɢɦɢ ɬɚ ɥɿɬɧɿɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦɢ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
ɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɝʀɭɫʀɝ ɢ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ɏ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɪɛɨɮɾ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɣɤ ɟɦɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɭɣɪ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ Ƚʀɨ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɧɛɦɣɧ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɧɣ ɦʀɭɨʀɧɣ ɭɛ ɨɣɢɷɥɣɧɣ ɢɣɧɩɝɣɧɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɧɛɦɩɹ ɫʀɲɨɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ȼʀɦɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɝ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɧɮɬɩɨɨɣɤ ɭɣɪ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɢ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɧ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɨɣɧ ɦʀɭɩɧ ʀ ɬɮɰɩɹ ɧɩɫɩɢɨɩɹ ɢɣɧɩɹ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɧɿ ɦɚɫɢ" əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɧɢɯ ɦɚɫ" 2. əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɿ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɿ ɧɢɡɶ-
ɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɫɤɭ" 3. əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɿ ɜɿɬɪɢ ɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ" 4. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɦɭɫɨɧɢ ɿ ɞɟ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɿ" 5. əɤ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɚɞɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɿ" 6. əɤɿ ɜɨɞɧɿ ɦɚɫɢ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɿ" əɤɚ ʀɯɧɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɹ" 7. əɤɢɣ ɜɢɝɥɹɞ ɦɚɽ ɫɮɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɱɿɣ ɋɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ" 8. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ" əɤɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɨ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɬɢ ɧɚ
Ɂɟɦɥɿ" 9. ȼɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ
ɩɨɹɫɿ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɞɢ ɞɜɨɯ ɬɟɱɿɣ ɦɚɽ ɋ Ⱦɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɬɟɱɿɣ ʀɯ ɫɥɿɞ ɜɿɞɧɟɫɬɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɩɟɪɲɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɭ ɬɿɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɞɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɿɯ ɜɨɞ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɚ ɞɪɭɝɚ ² ɞɟ ɜɨɧɚ ɧɢɠɱɚ ɧɚ " 2. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɹɤɿ ɳɟ ɿɧɲɿ ɧɚɡɜɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɬɟɱɿʀ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɢɯ ȼɿɬɪɿɜ ɬɚ ɉɟɪɭɚɧɫɶɤɚ 3. Ⱦɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɡ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɝɥɢɛɢɧ ɋɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɬɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ȼ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢ" əɤ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɿ" əɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɧɰɿ" ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɨʀ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɜɢɫɨɬɧɨʀ ɩɨɹɫɧɨɫɬɿ"
ɊɍɅ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɔɠ ɫɛɢ ɪɫɩ ɊɍɅ ɂ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɭɛɥɠ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ ɊɍɅ ɭɣ ɮɡɠ ɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɝɬɺ ɮ ɥɦɛɬʀ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺ ɊɍɅ ɾ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɢ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳɣɰ ɮ ɯʀɢɣɲɨʀɤ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɭɩ ɧɣ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɨɠɧɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɠɭɛɦɷɨʀɳɠ ɩɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɢɟɩɜɮɭʀ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɩɢɨɛɝɬɭɝɛ Ɏ ɯʀɢɣɲɨʀɤ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɊɍɅ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɹɭɷ ɺɥ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɠ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭʀɝ ɴɩ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɬɥɦɛɟɨʀɤ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀʁ ɤ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɾɟɣɨɮ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ Ɋʀɟ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɛɧɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɺɥ ɭɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɳ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɹɭɷ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɨɣ ɲɣ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧɣ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɣ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɉɭɡɠ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɛ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɛ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɪɩɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɛɭɧɩ ɬɯɠɫɛ ³ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɧ ɞʀɟɫɩɬɯɠɫɛ ³ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɜʀɩɬɯɠɫɛ ³ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɧ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɧ ɬɝʀɭɩɧ ɍɩɜɭɩ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭʀɝ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɳɩɬɭɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟɨɣɤ ³ ʊɫɮɨɭ ɧɛɦ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɧɛɾ ɪɠɝɨʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɛ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥʀɤ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɛ ɴɠ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɾ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɷ ɱɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭʀɝ ȿɩɬɭɛɭɨɷɩ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɯɩɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɹ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɣ ɢ ɥɩɬɧɩɬɮ ɴɩɜ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɧʀɡ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɩɧ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨɩɧ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛɧɣ ʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɧɣ ɍɩɜɭɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɛ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɛ ɜɮɟɮɲɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɧ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɩɧ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɛɫɨɩɞɩ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɺɥʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɧ ɝɣɞɦɺɟɩɧ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɩɧ ɪɠɫɠɜʀɞɮ ɯʀɢɣɥɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ Ɇɚɥ ɋɯɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɟ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɮ ɨɣɰ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ ɭ ɉɌɄ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɭ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
Ɇɚɥ Ƚɨɪɛɢɫɬɨ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɧɢɣ ɫɬɟɩɨɜɢɣ ɉɌɄ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɥɨɫɤɨ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɧɢɣ ɫɬɟɩɨɜɢɣ ɉɌɄ
ɋʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɭɺ ɊɍɅ Ɋɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɲɣ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɨʀɤ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɧɣ ɧɩɡɠɧɩ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɭɣ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɮ ɫɩɢɧɛʁɭʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺɰ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɭɺ ɊɍɅ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨʀ Ɏ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɟʀɜɨʀ ɊɍɅ ɛɦɠ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ʁʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɾ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɟɮɡɠ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨʀ ɢɛ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɧ ɝɣɞɦɺɟɩɧ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɣ ɂɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɮ ɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɣ ɋʀɝɨɣɨɨʀ ɊɍɅ ɮ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɩɧ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɞɩɫɜɣɬɭɩ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨʀ ɲɣ ɪɦɩɬɥɩ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɧ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɭɛ ʊɫɮɨɭɩɝɩ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɧ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɩɧ ɧɛɦ
ɓɣɫɩɭɨɛ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ Ɋɦɛɨɠɭɛɫɨɛ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨʀɬɭɷ Ɋɦɛɨɠɭɛɫɨɩɹ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɹ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨʀɬɭɹ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɣ ɾ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɛ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ³ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɛ ɢɧʀɨɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭʀɝ ʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬʀɝ ɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ ɓɣɫɩɭɨɛ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɛ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɠɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɴɩ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɦɺɾ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɨɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɨɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɮ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ɢ ɥɮɦɺɬɭɩɹ ɯɩɫɧɩɹ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɂɩɨɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɰ ɨɛɤɲʀɭɥʀɳɠ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɮ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɛɰ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦʀ ɝɩɟ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɭɛ ʊɫɮɨɭʀɝ Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɺɬɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɟɣɨ ɝʀɟ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɨɣɧɣ ɮɧɩɝɛɧɣ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɱɣɫ ɥɮɦɺɱʀʁ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɣ ʊɫɮɨɭɩɝɩ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɮ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ɋɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɞɠɩ ɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɝ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɩɧɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ʀ ɢɜʀɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɺɬɛɧɣ ɉɭɡɠ ɨɛ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦʀ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɭɛɥʀ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɮ ɥɩɡɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ³ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɤ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ³ ɬɮɜɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɤ ʀ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɛ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ³ ɬɮɜɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɤ ʀ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɤ Ɏɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɢ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɪɠɝɨɩɞɩ ɬɪʀɝɝʀɟɨɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɪɦɛ ʀ ɝɩɦɩ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɞɣ ³ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛɢɝɣ ɢɩɨ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɠɨʀ ɢɛ ɪɛɨɮɹɲɣɧ ɮ ɨɣɰ ɭɣɪɩɧ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ Ƚ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɭɛ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɩɨɣ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɭɛ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɧɛɦ ɬɮɜ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ³ ɢɩɨɣ ɭɮɨɟɫɣ ʀ ɦʀɬɩɭɮɨɟɫɣ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɧɮ ³ ɢɩɨɣ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɭɛɤɞɣ ɧʀɳɛɨɣɰ ʀ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭɺɨɣɰ ɦʀɬɩɬɭɠɪɮ ɬɭɠɪɮ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɮ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɭɛ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ³ ɢɩɨɣ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɬɛɝɛɨ ɭɛ ɫʀɟɥɩɦʀɬɬɺ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɮ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ³ ɢɩɨɣ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɬɛɝɛɨ ɭɛ ɫʀɟɥɩɦʀɬɬɺ ɝ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ³ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɧɛɦ Ƚʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɮ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɨɨʀ ɢɩɨ Ɏ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ɢ ɨɠɩɟɨɩɫʀɟɨʀɬɭɹ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɳɣɫɩɭɣ ɛ ɤ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɲɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɨɠ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɨɨɺ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɬɭɠɪʀɝ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɾ ɨɛɤɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɭɺɡʀɹɭɷ ɟɩ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɪɫɣɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɩɥɫɛʁɨ ɢɩɨɣ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɓɣɫɩɭɨɛ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɤɥɫɛɴɠ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɨɛ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦʀ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀɤ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɬɣɜʀɫɬɷɥʀɤ Ƚɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ ȿɦɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɠɤ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɭɣɪ ʊɫɮɨɭɩɝɩ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɮ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɣɤ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɦɣɳɠ ɟɦɺ ɪʀɟɨʀɡ ɛ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ɝʀɨ ɢɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɧɛɦ ɑɺ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɛ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɝɣɬɩɭɨɩʁ ɪɩɺɬɨɩɬɭʀ ɍɩɜɭɩ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ ³ ɱɠ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɛ ɢɧʀɨɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭʀɝ ʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬʀɝ ɢ ɪʀɟɤɩɧɩɧ ɮ ɞɩɫɣ ɝʀɟ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɪʀɟɨʀɡɡɺ ɟɩ ɝɠɫɳɣɨ Ƚɩɨɛ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɛ ɪɠɫɳ ɢɛ ɝɬɠ ɢɨɣɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɢ ɝɣɬɩ-
ɬɭɧɞɪɚ ɿ ɥɿɫɨɬɭɧɞɪɚ ɬɚɣɝɚ ɦɿɲɚɧɿ ɥɿɫɢ ɿ ɥɿɫɨɫɬɟɩ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɥɢɫɬɹɧɿ ɥɿɫɢ ɫɬɟɩɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɥɢɫɬɿ ɥɿɫɢ ɿ ɱɚɝɚɪɧɢɤɢ
Ɇɚɥ Ɋɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧ ɬɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɜɢɫɨɬɧɨʀ ɩɨɹɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ
Ɇɚɥ Ɂɨɧɚ ɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶ
Ɇɚɥ ȿɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɥɿɫɢ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
ɭɩɹ ɨɛ Ɍ ɨɛ ɥɩɡɨʀ ɧ ɪʀɟɤɩɧɮ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɠɨɨɺɧ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɛ Ɍɭɧɞɪɚ ɩɭɡɠ ɢɝɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɏɜɨɣɧɿ ɥɿɫɢ ɂɧʀɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɭɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɮ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɮ ɭʀɤ ɬɛɧʀɤ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɩɒɢɪɨɤɨɥɢɫɬɹɧɿ ɥɿɫɢ ɬɭʀ ɴɩ ɤ ɢɧʀɨɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɩɨ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨʀ Ɍɪɨɩɿɱɧɿ ɝ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ Ƚɣɥɿɫɢ ɬɩɭɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɢ ɭʀɾʁ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɩʁ ɢɩɨɣ ɮ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɺɥɩʁ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɠ ɪʀɟɨʀɡɡɺ ɞʀɫ ɍɛɥ ɮ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɴɩ ɮ ɦʀɬɩɆɚɥ ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɩɪɨɹɜɭ ɜɢɫɨɬɧɨʀ ɝʀɤ ɢɩɨʀ ɨɣɡɨʀɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɾ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɩ ɦʀɬɩɝɣɧ ɩɨɹɫɧɨɫɬɿ ʀ ɭ ɟ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɮ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɾ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɬɮɜɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɛ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɦɮɥ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ Ʌʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɭɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɢɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɝɣɬɩɭɣ ɞʀɫ ɭɛ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɪɩɝɨɣɤ ɨɛɜʀɫ ɝɣɬɩɭɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɭɣ ɮ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞʀɫɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ʀ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ Ȼɨɟɣ Ⱦʀɧɛɦɛʁ Ʌɶɨɞɨɜɚ ɡɨɧɚ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɣ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ³ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɛɫɨɣɤ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯɣ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɹɭɷ ɺɥ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɛɫɨɣɤ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝʀ ɨɠɩɟɨɛɥɩɝʀ ɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɜɮɟɩɝɛ ɟɨɛ ʀ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ³ ɧɛɦ ɯʀɢɣɥɩ ɰʀɧʀɲɨʀ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɣ ɝɩɟ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɬɩɦɩɨʀɬɭɷ ɴʀɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ʁɰ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɰɝɣɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɪɦɣɝɣ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɜʀɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɛ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɣɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɛ ɝɣɟɩɝɣɤ ɬɥɦɛɟ ɡɣɝɣɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧʀɝ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɭɣɰ ɬɛɧɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭʀɝ ɴɩ ɤ ɊɍɅ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɛɦɠ ɬɠɫɠɟɩɝɣɴɠ ʁɰ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɝɪɦɣɝɮ ɨɛ ɬɪɠɱɣɯʀɲɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɮ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɩ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɍɛɥ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɟɨɛ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɧɠɨɳɠ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɝɩɟ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɧɛɾ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɺɥɠ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɠ ɫɩɢɲɣɨɠɨɣɧɣ ɮ ɝɩɟʀ ɞɛɢɛɧɣ Ȼɟɡɠ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɡɣɝɣɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧʀɝ ɮ Ɇɚɥ Ɋɿɡɧɿ ɬɢɩɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɿɜ ɋɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɧɮ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɨɛɲɨɩɹ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɧʀɫɩɹ ɝɧʀɬɭɩɧ ɮ ɨɣɰ ɥɣɬɨɹ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɩɞɦɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɩɹ ʀ ɬɩɦɩɨʀɬɭɹ ɝɩɟ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɩɧ ɡɣɝɣɦɷɨɣɰ ɟɦɺ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧʀɝ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɨ Ɂɣɝʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧɣ ɉɥɠɛɨɮ ɺɥ ɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɢɛ ɮɧɩɝɛɧɣ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ Ɋɦɛɨɥɭɩɨ Ɉɠɥɭɩɨ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɭɫɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɞɫɮɪɣ ɪɦɛɨɥɭɩɨ ɨɠɥɭɩɨ ʀ ɜɠɨɭɩɬ ɟɣɝ ɧɛɦ ɊɍɅ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ȼɠɨɭɩɬ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɩɝʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɮ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɧɮ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɂɠɧɆɚɥ ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɠɢɜɢɯ ɦʀ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɹ ɳɣɫɩɭɩɹ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɬɮɰɩɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɜ Ɉɤɟɚɧɿ ɟɩɦɮ ɥɩɨɯʀɞɮɫɛɱʀɾɹ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɩɧ ɟɨɛ ɂɛ ɬɮɥɮɪɨʀɬɭɹ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɰ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɞʀɟɫɩɧɠɭɠɩɫɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɜʀɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥ ɮ ɧɠɡɛɰ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɣɟʀɦɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɾ ɱʀɦʀɬɨɣɧɣ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺɧɣ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɭɩɜɭɩ ɊɍɅ ɧɠɨɳɩɞɩ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɮ ɉɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɩɝɣɟɨɩɬɭɠɤ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɛɧɣ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɝɣ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɾ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɩɥɠɛɨɣ ɂɛ ɬɮɲɛɬɰɩɫʀɝ ɾ ɭɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɭɛɤ ɨɣɧɣ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɩɥɠɛɨ ³ ɱɠ ɫɠɞʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɯɮɨɣ Ɉɛɤɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɪɫɣɭɛɧɛɨɨʀ ʀɨɟɣɨɣɥɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɬɠɨɣ ɛɜɩ ɝ ɬɛɧɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɮɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɴɩ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɦʀɭɛ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɭɛɤɯɮɨɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɲɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɥʀɦɷ Ɍɪɠɱɣɯʀɲɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɩɥɠɛɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɑɠ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɩ ɢ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺɧ ɪɩɭɮɡɨɣɰ ɰɧɛɫ ɨʀɝ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɺɧɣ ʁɰ ɞɠɩ ɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ Ƚʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɢɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ʀɨɭɠɨɬɣɝɨɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɩʁ ɱɣɫɥɮɦɺɱʀʁ ɨɛɟ ɩɥɠɛɨɩɧ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɞɩɫɮ ɝɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɭɛɤɯɮɨɮ ɑɠɨɭɫ ɭɛɤɯɮɨɮ ɟɠ ʀ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɪɛɨɮɹɲɣɰ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ɑɣɫɰɧɛɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɧɠɨɳɠɨɛ ʀ ɪɫɛɥ ɥɮɦɺɱʀɾɹ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɨɛɟ ɩɥɠɛɨɩɧ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɣɲɨɩ ɪɛɨɮɾ ɳɭɣɦɷ ɨɛɢɣɝɛ ɭɠɲʀɤ ɉɥɫɠɧɣɧ ɩɥɠɛɨɛɧ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝʀ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɹɭɷ ©ɉɥɩɧ ɜɮɫʀª ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɭɠɲʀɤ ɂ ɨɣɧɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɩɹ ɧʀɫɩɹ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɬɩɦɩɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ʀ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛɰ Ƚʀɟ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɬɩɦɩɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɱɣɫɥɮɦɺɱʀʁ ɝɩɟ ɢɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɨɛɬɣɲɠɨʀɬɭɷ ʁʁ ɥɣɬɨɠɧ ɪɠɫɠɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɡɣɝɨɣɰ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɨ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɩ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɍɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɝɠɬɷ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɣɰ ɥɩɡ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
ɨɩɧɮ ɢ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɫɩɜɣɭɷ ʁɰ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɣɧɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɝʀɟ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɇɠɨɳɣɧɣ ɢɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ ɊɍɅ ɺɥʀ ɝɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬʀɝ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɾ ɧɩɫɺ ɭɛ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɓɣɫɩɭɨɛ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ȿɦɺ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɛ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɊɍɅ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɲʀɭɥʀɳɠ ɨʀɡ ɨɛ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦʀ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɩɟɨɩɫʀɟɨɛ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɝʀɟɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɧʀɭɨɩɞɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɮ Ɇɚɥ Ɋɢɛɢ ɭ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɟɨɛ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɱɚɫɬɨ ɡɛɢɪɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɤɨɫɹɤɢ ɨɛ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɛ ʀ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɲʀɭɥɩ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨɛɰ ɺɥʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɨɨɺ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨɛ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ʀ ɧɩɫʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɝ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɰ ɫɠɞʀɩɨɛɰ ɝɣɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɭɠɪɦɩ ɝɩɟɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɢɛɭɫɛɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɣ Ɏ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ɢ ɱɣɧ ɭɮɭ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɰɩɦɩɟɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɫʀɥ ɾ ɦɷɩɟɣ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɰɩɦɩɟɩɦɹɜɨʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧɣ ȿɦɺ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫʀɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɨɛɝɪɛɥɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɪɫɩɞɫʀɭʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɭɠɪɦɩɦɹɜɨɛ ɯɦɩɫɛ ʀ ɯɛɮɨɛ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɲɮɭɦɣɝɣɧɣ ɟɩ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɾ ɡɣɝʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɜʀɩɧɛɬɛ ʁɰ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɛɥɭɣɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɮ ɫɩɢɧɨɩɡɠɨɨʀ ɭɛ ɫɩɬɭʀ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɧɛɦ ɑɠ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɪɠɫɳ ɢɛ ɝɬɠ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɣɧ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɳɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɝɩɟɣ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɣ ɭɛɧ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɠɨʀ ɥɣɬɨɠɧ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɾ ɟɩɬɭɛɭɨɺ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɭɠɪɦɛ ʀ ɬɝʀɭɦɛ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɦɣɝɣɧ ɮɧɩɝɛɧ ɭɛɧ ɥɩɨɱɠɨɭɫɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɧɛɬɛ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧʀɝ Ƚɩɨɣ ɡ ɮ ɬɝɩɹ ɲɠɫɞɮ ɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɥɩɫɧɩɧ ɟɦɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɫɣɜ Ɏ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɧɛɬɛ ɡɣɝɣɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧʀɝ ɾ ɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɩɹ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɩɟɛ ɜʀɦɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɧɛɾ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɠɨɮ ɬɩɦɩɨʀɬɭɷ ɛ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɝɣɬɩɥɮ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɮ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɥɣɬɨɹ ɝɟɝʀɲʀ ɧɠɨɳɠ ɨʀɡ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ Ƚ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɮ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲʀ ɪɛɬɛɭɨɣɰ ɭɠɲʀɤ ʀ ɧʀɡɪɛɬɛɭɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɭɣɭɠɲʀɤ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɳɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɩɟɣ ɭɩɧɮ ɫɛɤɩɨ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɤ ɨɛ ɪɩɡɣɝɨʀ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɨɣ ʀ ɥɣɬɠɨɷ ɇɠɨɳɛ ɬɩɦɩɨʀɬɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɥɛ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɝɩɟ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɹɭɷ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɭɺ ɝɣɟɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ƚ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɬɮɝɩɫʀɬɭɷ ɮɧɩɝ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɧɛɦɩɹ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀɬɭɹ ɝɣɟɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɛɦɠ ɧɛɾ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɜʀɩɧɛɬɮ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɧɮ ɝɧʀɬɭɮ ɥɣɬɨɹ ɮ ɝɩɟʀ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɧɰɿ
ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɩɪɨɹɜɭ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɨʀ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɜɢɫɨɬɧɨʀ ɩɨɹɫɧɨɫɬɿ"
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ 2. əɤ ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ" 3. əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɫɬɶ ɭ ɝɿɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ" 4. ɑɨɦɭ ɋɜɿɬɨɜɢɣ ɨɤɟɚɧ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɸɬɶ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɬɢ ɹɤ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɢɣ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ" 5. əɤɿ ɉɌɄ ɡɚɡɜɢɱɚɣ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɋɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ" 6. ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɚ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɋɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ
ɨɤɟɚɧɭ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ȼɢɩɢɲɢ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ ɳɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɿ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɡ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɿɜ ɚ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɬɿ ɳɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɚɯ 2. Ɉɩɢɲɢ ɱɢɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɥɢɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɹɤɿ ɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɜ ɜɡɞɨɜɠ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɞɨ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɿ ɧɚɲɨʀ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɱɢ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ 3. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɿ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɿɜ ɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚɯ ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɫɬɹɝɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɨ ɚ ɦɟɪɢɞɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɡ ɩɿɜɧɨɱɿ ɧɚ ɩɿɜɞɟɧɶ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
F
Ȼ
ȼ
Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ
Ƚɢɛɾɧɩɟʀɺ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɭɛ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ʁʁ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ
ɋɩɢɞɦɺɨɷɭɠ ɝ ɛɭɦɛɬʀ ɥɛɫɭɮ ©Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɬɝʀɭɮª ʀ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝʀɭɷ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɾ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ ʀ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɜɠɫɠɡɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɭʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛ ɂ·ɺɬɮɤɭɠ ɺɥʀ ɢɛ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɨɣɧ ɫɠɡɣɧɩɧ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɾ ɜʀɦɺ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɂɫɩɜʀɭɷ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɪɫɩ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɠɲʀɤ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɣ ɪɫɣɦɠɞɦɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɺɥʀ ɬɛɧɠ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɣ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɜʀɦɺ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɭɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
Ʌɩɫɩɭɥɩ ɪɫɩ ɢɧʀɬɭ ɭɠɧ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɮ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɺɥ ʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɣ Ɍɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɧɛɾ ɥɮɦɺɬɭɮ ɯɩɫɧɮ ɑɠ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɾ ɢɧɠɨɳɠɨɨɺ ɥɮɭɛ ɪɛɟʀɨɨɺ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀɝ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɨɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ ɛ ɩɭɡɠ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɮ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫʀ ɪɠɫɠɜʀɞɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɩɭɝʀɫɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ Ɉɛ ɨɣɰ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɾ ɟɩɜɩɝɣɤ ʀ ɫʀɲɨɣɤ ɫɮɰɣ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɂʀ ɢɧʀɨɩɹ ɝɣɬɩɭɣ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɨɛɟ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɩɧ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɫɣ ɫɩɥɮ ɬɠɢɩɨɨʀ ɫɣɭɧɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɨɺ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ³ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɧɛɬɣɝɣ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɺɥɣɰ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɾ ɨɛɟ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɧɩɫɺ ɛ ʁɰɨɺ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɝɥɫɣɭɛ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ʌɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɛɫɰʀɪɠɦɛɞɣ ɭɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɨɛ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ³ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɩɥɠɛɨɣ Ɍɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɣ ɢɛ ɫɛɰɮɨɩɥ ɫɩɢɥɩɦɮ ɥɩɦɣɬɷ ɾɟɣɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɪɠɫɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ ³ Ɋɛɨɞɠʁ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɛ ɛɥɭɣɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɠɨɟɩɞɠɨɨɣɰ ɬɣɦ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɪɫɩɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɥɫɛɺɰ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɝ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɭɣɥɛɹɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀɹɭɷ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɩɟɨɩɹ Ƚɣɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷ ɭɫɣ ɭɣɪɣ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀɤ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ³ ɫɩɢɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɦɣɭ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ³ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɫɮɰɮ ɭɫɠɭʀɤ ³ ɭɫɛɨɬɯɩɫɧɨʀ ɫɩɢɦɩɧɣ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɺɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁ ɪɦɣɭ ɥɩɝɢɛɹɭɷ ɢɧʀɴɮɹɲɣɬɷ ɩɟɨɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɟɫɮɞɩʁ Ɏ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɫɩɢɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɝɩɰ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɨʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ ɋɣɯɭɩɝʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɺɥ ɢɛɲɛɭɥɣ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɰ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɭɣ ɬɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɰ Ɏ ɢɩɨɛɰ ɬɭɣɥɛɨɨɺ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɴɩ ɫɮɰɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɢɮɬɭɫʀɲ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ɭɣɪ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀɤ Ƚʀɨ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɛɧɣ ɪʀɟɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɪɦɣɭɣ ɪʀɟ ɥɫɛɤ ɟɫɮɞɩʁ ɨɛɬɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɝɠɫɰɨɷɩʁ ɨɛ ɨɣɡɨɹ ɬɭɣɬɥɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ʀ ɢɧɣɨɛɨɨɺɧ ɮ ɬɥɦɛɟɥɣ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɰ ɳɛɫʀɝ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ Ɍɛɧɠ ɪɫɣ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɫɮɬʀ ɬɭɣɥɛɨɨʀ ɭɛ ɪʀɟɬɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ Ɋʀɟɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɪɦɣɭɣ ɪʀɟ ʀɨɳɮ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɾ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɣ ɂ ɩɬɭɣɞɛɹɲɩʁ ɧɛɞɧɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɩɬɭɫʀɝɨʀ ɟɮɞɣ ɛ ɝ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ³ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ Ɋɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɛ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɛɬɣɝʀɝ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɾ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɢɧɣɨɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɬɥɦɛɟɥɣ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɪʀɟ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɫɮɰɮ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ Ɏ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɟʀʁ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɬɣɦ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɠɭɛɪɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɛɫɨʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ³ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɢ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ ʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɣ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ Ɏ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɟɨɛ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɳɠɦɷɯ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɬɰɣɦ ɦɩɡɠ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɡɩɦɩɜɣ ɭɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɨʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ ɺɥʀ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɦʀɭɩ ɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ Ƚʀɟ ɧɩɧɠɨɭɮ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɧɦɫɟ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɫɛɰɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɤ ɠɭɛɪ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɰ ɢɧʀɨ ɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ± ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɪɩɟʀɦɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɠɫ ɛɫɰɠɤɬɷɥɮ ɪɫɩɭɠɫɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɮ ɪɛɦɠɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɮ ɧɠɢɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɮ ɭɛ ɥɛɤɨɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɮ ɏɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɠɝɨɣɰ ɠɭɛɪɛɰ ʁʁ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɩɹ ʀɨɭɠɨɬɣɝɨʀɬɭɹ Ɋɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɥɩɫɩɭɥʀ ɠɪɩɰɣ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɠɨɩʁ ɧɛɞɧɛɭɣɲɨɩʁ ʀ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɴɩ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɷ ʀɨɭɠɨɬɣɝɨɣɧ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺɧ ɠɪɩɰɣ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɛɜɩ ɭɠɥɭɩɨɩ ɧɛɞɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɠɪɩɰɣ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɧɣ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɛɧɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩɞɩ ɬɪɩɥɩɹ ɏɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ɬɯɩɫɧɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɮ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɫʀɨɨɺ ʀ ɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɟɮɡɠ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɧɛɞɧɛɭɣɢɧɮ Ɉɣɡɨʀɤ ɺɫɮɬ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɤ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɧɣ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɛ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɤ ɲɩɰɩɦ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɩɬɛɟɩɝʀ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ȿɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɪɩɫɺɟ ʀɢ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɺɧɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩɬɭʀ ɾ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɪɠɫɳɩɞɩ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɮ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩɞɩ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ Ɋɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɛɧ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɢɛ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ʀ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɩɧ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɺɧ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩɬɭʀ ³ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɢɛ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ʀ ɜɮɟɩɝɩɹ ɞɩɫɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥɛ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɫɠɡɣɧʀɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɮɭɩɲɥʀɝ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɮɦʀ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀɬɭɹ ɪɠɫɠɜʀɞɮ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɭɠɪɦɩ ʀ ɝɩɦɩɞɩɩɜʀɞɮ ɱɣɫɥɮɦɺɱʀʁ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɲɣɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ʀ ʁɰ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɾ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɭɛ ɛɜɬɩɦɹɭɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɴɩ ɩɭɩɲɮɾ ɟɛɨɮ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɧɩɫʀɝ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɨɛɺɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɠɲʀɤ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɪʀɟɬɭɣɦɛɹɲɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ Ɍɠɢɩɨɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɹɭɷ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɨʀɤ ɥɮɦʀ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ Ɉɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɮ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛɰ ɭɛ ɬɩɦɩɨɩɬɭʀ ɝɩɟ ɮ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɧɮ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɩɜ·ɾɧɣ ɝɩɟ ɢ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɧɣ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɧɛɬɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɛ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɩɹ ɳɛɫɮ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝʀ ɪɫɩɧʀɡɨʀ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɨʀ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɟɩɨɨʀ ɂɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɨɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝʀ ɝɩɟɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɭɣɪɣ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɛɧɣ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ɭɠɲʀɤ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɾ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɫʀɢɨɣɱɺ ɫʀɝɨʀɝ ɝɩɟɣ ɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ɍɰɠɧɛ ɭɠɲʀɤ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɾ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨɛɰ ɪɩ ɟɝɛ ɥʀɦɷɱɺ Ɏ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɩɟɨɠ ɥʀɦɷɱɠ ɝ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ʀ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɠ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɥɩɦɩɝɛ ɭɠɲʀɺ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ Ƚʀɭɫʀɝ Ɋɦɛɨɠɭɛɫɨɩɹ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨʀɬɭɹ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɣ ɾ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɛ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ³ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɛ ɢɧʀɨɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭʀɝ ʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬʀɝ ɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɹɬʀɝ Ƚɩɨɛ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɺɥ ɨɛ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦʀ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɭɫɸ ɬɟɦɭ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1.
əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ"
2.
ɑɢ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɳɨ ɞɨɛɨɜɢɣ ɿ ɪɿɱɧɢɣ ɪɭɯɢ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɿ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɧɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ ʀɯɧɶɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ" ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨɤɨɦɟɧɬɭɣɬɟ
3.
əɤɿ ɞɿɥɹɧɤɢ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɢ ɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɲɟɥɶɮɨɜɨʀ ɡɨɧɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ" ȼ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɤɟɚɧɚɯ ɜɨɧɚ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɚ"
4.
əɤɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɧɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɯɪɟɛɬɚɯ" ɍ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɤɟɚɧɚɯ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ"
5.
əɤɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɠɨɥɨɛɚɯ" ɍ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɤɟɚɧɚɯ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ"
6.
Ȼɟɪɭɱɢ ɞɨ ɭɜɚɝɢ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɬɢɩɿɜ ɜɨɞɧɢɯ ɦɚɫ ɋɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ
7.
əɤɿ ɬɢɩɢ ɜɨɞɧɢɯ ɦɚɫ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɭ ɜɢɫɨɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ"
8.
əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧ ɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɋɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ"
9.
əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɤɬɨɧ ɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɋɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ" əɤɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɚɦɢ ɜɿɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ"
10. ɑɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɚ ɛɭɞɨɜɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɧɚ ʀɯɧɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ"
ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨɤɨɦɟɧɬɭɣɬɟ 11. əɤ ɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ ɩɥɢɬ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɬɚ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚɯ"
D
ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ 1.
ȼɿɞɲɭɤɚɣ ɭ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɨɜɿɣ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɛɿɥɿ ɧɨɱɿ ɬɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ʀɯ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ
2.
ɒɢɪɨɬɚ ɹɤɨʀ ɩɚɪɚɥɟɥɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɤɭɬɭ ɧɚɯɢɥɭ ɨɫɿ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɞɨ ɩɥɨɳɢɧɢ ɨɪɛɿɬɢ" ɋɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɜ ɫɭɦɿ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɬɚ ɬɪɨɩɿɤɚ ɿ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɚ ɬɿɽʀ ɫɚɦɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ" ȼɢɡɧɚɱ ɲɢɪɨɬɭ ɬɪɨɩɿɤɚ ɹɤɛɢ ɜɿɫɶ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɛɭɥɚ ɧɚɯɢɥɟɧɚ ɩɿɞ ɤɭɬɨɦ
3.
Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɜ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɨɜɿɣ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ Ⱥɥɶɮɪɟɞɚ ȼɟɝɟɧɟɪɚ
4.
Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡɭɸɱɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɤɚɪɬɢ ɚɬɥɚɫɭ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɪɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɪɿɱɧɨʀ ɫɨɥɨɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɡɞɨɜɠ ɦɟɪɢɞɿɚɧɚ ɞ
5.
Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡɭɸɱɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɭ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɚɬɥɚɫɭ ɜɤɚɠɢ ɹɤɿ ɪɿɱɤɢ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɨɥɨɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɨɞ ɭ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɥɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɯ ɋɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ
6.
Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɭ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɨɜɿɣ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɿ ɬɚ ɡɚɩɢɲɢ ɭ ɡɨɲɢɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɪɢɫɢ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɦɿɠ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɨɛɨɥɨɧɨɤ Ɂɟɦɥɿ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ
ǺǮȀdzǾǶǸǶ ȀǾǼǽǥȅǻǶȃ ȆǶǾǼȀ
Ɍɟɦɚ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ Ɍɟɦɚ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ Ɍɟɦɚ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ
Ɉɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɰɿ ɬɟɦɢ ɬɢ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɟɲ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɟɪɟɛɿɝɭ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɿɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ Ɉɡɧɚɣɨɦɢɲɫɹ ɿɡ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɨɛɨɥɨɧɨɤ ɬɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɡ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ
Ɍɟɦɚ
Ⱥ ɎɊɂɄȺ
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ʀʀ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ" əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɜɿɞ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɚ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɸɫɿɜ" əɤɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɭ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚɦɢ" ɏɬɨ ɩɟɪɲɢɣ ɡ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɿɜ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɜ ɲɥɹɯ ɜɡɞɨɜɠ ɡɚɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɣ ɩɿɜɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ"
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɚɥ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ" ɔɩɜ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɨɛ ɝɬʀ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɝɨɩɞɩ ɪɦɛɨɮ ɂɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɝʀɨ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɪɮɨɥɭʀɝ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ʀ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨɛ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɮ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɨɺ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ʀ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨɛ ȿɦɺ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɭɩɲɨɩʁ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ ɳɣɫɩɭɮ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩʁ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɭɩɲɩɥ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ ɟɩɝɞɩɭɮ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩʁ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɭɩɲɩɥ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ȿɩɱʀɦɷɨɩ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɮɝɛɞɮ ʀ ɨɛ ɟɠɺɥʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀ ɟɠɭɛɦʀ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɟɛɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɧɿɦɤɭ ɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɭ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɦ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɍɛɥ Ȼɯɫɣɥɮ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɾ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫ Ʌɫɛɤɨʀ ɭɩɲɥɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɧɣɬ ɋɛɬ ɀɨɞɠɦɛ ɭɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɧɣɬ Ȼɞɮɦɷɺɬ ɛɜɩ Ⱦɩɦɥɩɝɣɤ ³ ɧɛɦ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɧʀɡ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦɺɧɣ ɪɨ ɳ ɭɛ ɪɟ ɳ ɍɩɲɨʀɳɠ ɳɣɫɩɭɣ ɱɣɰ ɭɩɲɩɥ ɭɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɳ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɧʀɡ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛɧɣ Ɋɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɣɤ ɨɮɦɷɩɝɣɤ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ Ȼ ɩɭɡɠ ɥɫɛɤɨɺ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɛ ɭɩɲɥɛ ³ ɧɣɬ Ȼɦɷɧɛɟʀ ɧɛɾ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɮ ɟɩɝɞɩɭɮ ɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɛ ³ ɧɣɬ ɋɛɬ Ⱦɛɯɮɨ ³ ɬɰʀɟɨɮ Ɋʀɟɬɮɧɮɝɛɝɳɣ ɬɥɛɢɛɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɴɩ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ɾ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɮ ɝɬʀɰ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɪʀɝɥɮɦɺɰ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɾ ɨɛɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɳɣɫɳɩɹ ɨʀɡ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɭɩ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ Ȳɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ɩɧɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɧ ɩɥɠɛɨɩɧ ɢʀ ɬɰɩɟɮ ³ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɣɧ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɮ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɟ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɮ ɨɛɤɝɮɡɲɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɱʀ Ⱦʀɜɫɛɦɭɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɥɧ ɝʀɟɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ʁʁ ɝʀɟ Ɋʀɫɠɨɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɠɨɛ ɝʀɟ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ Ɍɮɠɱɷɥɣɧ ɥɛɨɛɦɩɧ ɭɛ ɒɠɫɝɩɨɣɧ ɧɩɫɠɧ Ȳɨɳʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɛɧɣ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ɏ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɪɮɨɥɭʀ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɹɭɷ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɨɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɜɠɫɠɞɩɝɩʁ ɦʀɨʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛɺɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɛɭɩɥ ɪɫɩɭɩɥ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɍɛɥ ɜɠɫɠɞɩɝɛ ɦʀɨʀɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɧɣ ɾ ɬɦɛɜɩɪɩɫʀɢɛɨɩɹ Ȱɟɣɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɢɛɭɩɥɛ ³ Ⱦɝʀɨɠɤɬɷɥɛ ɩɟɣɨ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫʀɝ ³ Ɍɩɧɛɦʀ ɺɥɣɤ ɨʀɜɣ ɝɣFɮɨɮɭɣɤ ɝ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɂɛɭɩɥ ʀ ɜɮɰɭ ɢɫɮɲɨɣɰ ɟɦɺ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɪɩɫɭʀɝ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɾ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɩ
Ɇɚɥ Ɇɢɫ Ƚɨɥɤɨɜɢɣ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? Ɍɮɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɥɛɨɛɦ ɢ·ɾɟɨɮɾ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɢɠɧɨɠ ɭɛ ɒɠɫɝɩɨɠ ɧɩɫɺ Ʉɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɮ ɦɣɬɭɩɪɛɟʀ ɫɩɥɮ Ɍɮɲɛɬɨɛ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɛ Ɍɮɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɛɨɛɦɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɥɧ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛ ³ ɧ ɳɣɫɣɨɛ ³ ɧ
Ɇɚɥ Ɉɫɬɪɿɜ Ɇɚɞɚɝɚɫɤɚɪ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ʀɢ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɪɫɣɦɠɞɦɣɰ ɟɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɇɛɟɛɞɛɬɥɛɫ ɧɛɦ ɝ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ³ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɠɨɣɤ ɝʀɟ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɇɩɢɛɧɜʀɥɬɷɥɩɹ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɩɹ Ɋɫɩ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɝ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɪɦɩɴʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɧʀɡ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛɧɣ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɝ ɡɛɫɥɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀ ɭɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɨɺ ɔɩɟɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɭɩ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɝ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ Ƚʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨʀɳɣɰ ɩɥɫɛʁɨ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɩ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɭɛ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɩɜɩɰ ɪʀɝɥɮɦɷ
ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ Ƚʀɟɩɧɣɤ ɛɦɠ ɨɠɢɝʀɟɛɨɣɤ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ³ ɨɛɤɜɦɣɡɲɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɟɩ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɭɛ Ȼɢʀʁ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɤ ɢ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɣɧ ɭɛ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɣɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɛ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɢ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɧɣ ɞɮɬɭɣɧɣ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɠɪɫɩɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɦʀɬɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣɧɣ ɬɛɝɛɨɛɧɣ ɨɠɬɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɣɧɣ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺɧɣ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɠɢɝʀɟɛɨɣɧɣ ɔɩɟɩ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɢɝɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɮ ɝɲɠɨɣɰ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɩɟɨɩɬɭɛɤɨɩʁ ɟɮɧɥɣ ɂɛ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ʀɢ ɝɠɫɬʀɤ ɬɦɩɝɩ ©ɛɯɫɣɥɛª ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɺɥ ©ɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɪɣɦɮª ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝɣɰ ɪʀɴɛɨɣɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɂ ɦɛɭɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ©ɛɯɫɣɥɮɬª ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ©ɜɠɢɧɩɫɩɢɨɣɤ ɭɩɤ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɾ ɰɩɦɩɟɮª ɉɟɨɛɥ ɨɛɤʀɧɩɝʀɫɨʀɳɠ ɴɩ ɬɝɩɹ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɢɝɣ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɛɯɫɣɞʀʁɝ ɺɥʀ ɡɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ Ɇɚɥ Ⱦɠɭɧɝɥɿ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ Ɋɫɩ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɛ ɩɬɩɜ ɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɬɝʀɭ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɟɩɝʀɟɛɝɬɺ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɤ ɪɩɫɭɮɞɛɦɷɱʀɝ ȼɛɫɭɩɦɩɧɠɩ ȿʀɛɳɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɟɩɪɦɣɝ ɟɩ ɧɣɬɮ ȿɩɜɫɩʁ Ɉɛɟʀʁ ɭɛ Ƚɛɬɥɩ ɟɛ Ⱦɛɧɣ ɥɩɭɫɣɤ ɩɜʀɞɨɮɝɳɣ ɧɩɫɠɧ ɝɬɹ Ȼɯɫɣɥɮ ɟʀɬɭɛɝɬɺ Ȳɨɟʀʁ ² ɫɫ ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɨʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɛɡɮɝɛɝɬɺ Ɉɛ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɲɛɭɮɝɛɦɣ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɣ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɴɩ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɝ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɰɝɩɫɩɜɣ ɝɩɫɩɡʀ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɟɩɝʀɫɺɦɣ ʀɨɩɢɠɧɱɺɧ ɟɣɥʀ ɢɝʀɫʀ ɨɠɪɫɩɰʀɟɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɭɛ ɜɩɦɩɭɛ Ɇɚɥ Ⱦɚɜɿɞ Ʌɿɜɿɧɝɫɬɨɧ ɲɣ ɜɠɢɥʀɨɠɲɨʀ ɜɠɢɝɩɟɨʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨʀɝ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɉɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɰɭɩ ɪɫɩɨɣɥ ɮ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɮ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɜɮɝ ɛɨɞɦʀɾɱɷ ȿɛɝʀɟ Ɇʀɝʀɨɞɬɭɩɨ ɧɛɦ Ƚʀɨ ɪɫɣɜɮɝ ɟɩ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɴɩɜɣ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɮɝɛɭɣ Ȱɝɛɨɞɠɦʀɾ Ɍɝɩɾɹ ɬɥɫɩɧɨʀɬɭɹ ɭɛ ɟɩɜɫɩɭɩɹ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɝ ɬɣɧɪɛɭʀʁ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɢ ɲɣɾɹ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɭɫɣɟɱɺɭɷ ɫɩɥʀɝ ² ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɨɠɢɨɛɨʀ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɋɠɫɠɭɨɮɝɳɣ ɝɠɬɷ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɝʀɟ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɟɩ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ɇʀɝʀɨɞɬɭɩɨ ɩɪɣɬɛɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɹ Ʌɛɦɛɰɛɫʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɩɢɠɫɛ Ɉɷɺɬɛ ɭɛ ɍɛɨɷɞɛɨɷʁɥɛ ɫʀɲɥɮ ɂɛɧɜɠɢʀ Ɉɛ ɱʀɤ ɫʀɲɱʀ ɝʀɨ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟ ɨɛɢɝɛɝɳɣ Ƚʀɥɭɩɫʀɾɹ ɨɛ ɲɠɬɭɷ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɝɣ ɇʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɡɣɭɠɦʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɢɛɪɛɧ·ɺɭɛɦɣ Ɇʀɝʀɨɞɬɭɩɨɛ ɺɥ ɪɩɫɛɟɨɣɥɛ ɦʀɥɛɫɺ ɭɛ ɟɩɜɫɮ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ Ɇʀɝʀɨɞɬɭɩɨ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɨɠ ɨɛɟɬɣɦɛɝ ɪɫɩ ɬɠɜɠ ɢɝʀɬɭɥɣ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ɝ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɭɩɧɮ ɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɦɣ ɴɩ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥɛ ɝɡɠ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɝ ɡɣɝɣɰ Ɉɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɳɮɥɣ ɝɣɫɮɳɣɦɛ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɺ ɪʀɟ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ Ⱦɠɨɫʀ Ɍɭɠɨɦʀ ɧɛɦ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɝɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɫɩɢɳɮɥɛɭɣ Ɇʀɝʀɨɞɬɭɩɨɛ Ƚɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ Ɍɭɠɨɦʀ ɩɜɬɭɠɡɣɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ Ɏ ɫɫ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɹ Ȼɯɫɣɥɩɹ ɧɛɨɟɫɮɝɛɝ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯ ɞɠɩɦɩɞ ʀ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣɥ Ȱɞɩɫ Ʌɩɝɛɦɠɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɺɥɣɤ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɝɠɫɰʀɝ·ɺ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ⱦɩɦɮɜɣɤ Ɉʀɦ Ȼɜʀɬʀɨɬɷɥɠ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɩɪɣɬɮɝɛɝ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɭɛ ɪɩɜɮɭ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ Ɉɛ ɡɛɦɷ ɨɠ ɝɬʀ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɬɭɛɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɥɩɫʀɨɨɣɰ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɤ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɬɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɨɠɝɩɦɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɫʀɨɨɩɞɩ ɲɩɫɨɩɳɥʀɫɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɝɣɝɠɢɠɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɦɺ ɫɛɜɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ Ɇɚɥ Ƚɟɧɪɿ ɋɬɟɧɥɿ ɂɛɬɨɩɝɛɨʀ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺɰ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɬɦɮɞɮɝɛɦɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɧɣ ɫɛɜɩɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ Ȳɢ ɨɣɰ ɫɩɜɣɦɣɬɺ ɢɜɫɩɤɨʀ ɨɛɪɛɟɣ ɨɛ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɂɛɰɩɪɣɝɳɣ ɪɩɦɩɨɠɨɣɰ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɥɛɫɛɝɛɨɣ ʀ ɨʀɜɣ ɰɮɟɩɜɮ ɞɨɛɦɣ ɨɠɝʀɦɷɨɣɥʀɝ ɟɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɧɛɦ Ɉɠɪɩɥʀɫɨɣɰ ɨɠɧʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɛ ɰɝɩɫɣɰ ɢɨɣɴɮɝɛɦɣ Ƚɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɥɩɦɣɳɨʀ ɞɮɬɭɩɢɛɬɠɦɠɨʀ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɣ ɜɠɢɦɹɟɨɣɧɣ Ɇɚɥ ȼɢɜɟɡɟɧɧɹ ɪɚɛɿɜ ɡ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɍ ɹɤɿɣ ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɶ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" 2. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 3. əɤɚ ɿɡ ɪɢɫ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɭ ɜɿɞ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ" 4. ɑɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɢ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɞɨɜɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɥɢɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɢɦɢ" 5. ɓɨ ɬɢ ɞɿɡɧɚɜɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤɿɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɿɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ȼɢɡɧɚɱ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɧɿɫɬɶ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɜɡɞɨɜɠ ɦɟɪɢɞɿɚɧɚ ɫɯ ɞ 2. Ⱦɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɡ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɩɪɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤɚ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ȯɝɨɪɚ Ʉɨɜɚɥɟɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ 3. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɨɩɢɫɢ ɩɪɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɸ ɹɤɚ ɩɪɨɰɜɿɬɚɥɚ ɭ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɦɭ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɍɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɛ ɜɮɟɩɝɛ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɥɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ȼɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɫɿɦ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɣ ɪɟɥɶɽɮ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɫɬɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ" əɤ ɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɢ ɿ ɝɨɪɢ ɡɚ ɜɢɫɨɬɨɸ"
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ Ȼɨɛɦʀɢɮɹɲɣ ɯʀɢɣɲɨɮ ɥɛɫɭɮ Ɏ ɫɠɦɷɾɯʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɪʀɟɨɺɭʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ³ ɝɣɬɩɲɣɨɣ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɭɛ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɭɛɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɧ ʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɇɠɨɳ ɨʀɡ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɣ ʀ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ³ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ³ ɧ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɪʀɬɦɺ Ȼɢʀʁ Ɉɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɭɩɲɥɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɞɩɫɛ Ʌʀɦʀɧɛɨɟɡɛɫɩ ɧ ³ ɧɛɦ ɛ ɨɛɤɨɣɡɲɛ ³ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɛ ɩɢɠɫɛ Ȼɬɬɛɦɷ ² ɧ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɫ ɧ ɉɥɫɛʁɨɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɪʀɟɨɺɭʀ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɢ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɧɣ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɧɣ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɛɤɨɺɭʀ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɧɣ Ɇɚɥ Ƚɨɪɚ Ʉɿɥɿɦɚɧɞɠɚɪɨ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺɧɣ ɭɛ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺɧɣ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɩɟɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɛ ɍɛɧ ɧɛɦɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɰɫɠɜɭʀɝ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɫʀɝɨʀ ɳɣɫɩɥʀ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɴɩ ɬɰʀɟɱɺɧɣ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɟɨɠ ɨɛɟ ɩɟɨɣɧ
ɍɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɛ ɜɮɟɩɝɛ ʀ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɒɛɬɭɣɨɛ Ⱦɩɨɟɝɛɨɣ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɾɟɨʀɬɭɹ ɜɮɟɩɝɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɇɛɤɡɠ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ³ ɱɠ ɟɛɝɨɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛɨɩ Ȼɫɛɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɛ ɺɥɛ ɾ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ⱦɩɨɟɝɛɨɣ Ƚ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɪɫɛɟɛɝɨʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɴɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɴɠ ɟɝɛ ɭɫɣ ɧʀɦɷɺɫɟɣ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ʀ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɢɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɟʀɾɹ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɰ ɬɣɦ Ɉɣɨʀ ʁɰɨʀ ɥɩɫɠɨʀ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɭɷ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ɢɛɢɨɛɝɛɝ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɷ ɭɛ ɩɪɮɬɥɛɨɷ Ɏ ɢɩɨɛɰ ɩɪɮɬɥɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɞɫɩɧɛɟɣɝɬɺ ɪɩɭɮɡɨɣɤ ɲɩɰɩɦ ɢ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɰ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟʀɝ ɧɛɦ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɩɪɮɬɥɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɩɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɮ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ȿʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɢɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɷ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɩ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɴɩ ɝɣɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɨɛ ɟɠɨɨɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ Ɇɚɥ ȼɿɞɫɥɨɧɟɧɧɹ ɨɫɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɪɿɞ Ɉɛ ɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɾ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ʁɝ ʀ ɪɦɩɬɭ ɩɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɥɩɞʀɫ·ʁɝ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɮ ɬɰʀɟɨʀɤ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɫɩɢɦɩɧɣ ɂɨɛɲɨɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀɝ ɧɛɦ ɺɥɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɦɛɬɺ ɝʀɟ Ɍɮɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɛɨɛɦɮ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɒɠɫɝɩɨɠ ɧɩɫɠ ɀɯʀɩɪɬɷɥɠ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɭɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɪɦɩɬ ɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɟɩ ɨɣɡɨɷɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ɇʀɧɪɩɪɩ Ɋɩ ɭɫʀɴɣɨɛɰ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨʀ ɭɛ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɜɦɩɥʀɝ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ Ɏɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɷ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɭɺ ³ ɞɩɫɬɭɣ ʀ ɩɪɮɬɥɛɨɨɺ ³ ɞɫɛɜɠɨɣ Ⱦɩɫɬɭɛɧ ɮ ɫɠɦɷɾɯʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɜɫɣɦɩɝʀ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɢ ɪɦɩɬɥɣɧɣ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɛɧɣ ʀ ɬɭɫʀɧɥɣɧɣ ɬɰɣɦɛɧɣ Ɏ ɞɫɛɜɠɨɛɰ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɷ ɝɮɢɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɞɦɣɜɩɥʀ ɩɢɠɫɛ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ɍɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɿ ɪɨɡɥɨɦɢ
Ɇɚɥ ɋɯɿɞɧɨɚɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɿ ɪɨɡɥɨɦɢ
ɏɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀɝ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɩɬɷ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨɩɹ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɹ ɭɩɧɮ ɨɛ ɀɯʀɩɪɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ʁ ɭɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ʁ ɾ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɦɛɝɩɝɣɰ ɪɦɛɭɩ ʀ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɧɛɬɣɝɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ʀ ɞɩɫɛ Ʌʀɦʀɧɛɨɟɡɛɫɩ ɧ Ⱦɩɫɬɭɛɧɣ ɬɯɩɫɧɩɝɛɨɩ ȿɫɛɥɩɨɩɝʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɺɥʀ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɮ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ƚɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨɛ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɤ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ Ƚɢɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀɝ ɮ Ɍɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɭɛ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ Ⱦɝʀɨɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɾ ɟʀɹɲʀ ɝɮɦɥɛɨɣ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɤ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɺɥɣɰ ɝ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ³ ɞɩɫɛ Ʌɛɧɠɫɮɨ Ɍɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭʀ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ Ɉɛ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɭɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɟɩ ɟɛɝɨɷɩʁ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɪɫɣɦɺɞɛɹɭɷ ɫɮɰɩɧʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭʀ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣ ³ Ȼɭɦɛɬɷɥʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɧɛɦ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɭɛ Ʌɛɪɬɷɥʀ ɞɩɫɣ ³ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ Ʌɛɪɬɷɥʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ɬɭɛɫɣɰ ɞʀɫ Ȼɭɦɛɬɷɥʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɭɩɟʀ ɡ ɴɩ ɤ Ʌɛɪɬɷɥʀ ɛɦɠ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ʁɰ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ƚɩɨɣ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɹɭɷ ɫɩɬɭɣ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɭɛɧ ɨɠɫʀɟɥɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɣ
Ʌɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɬɥɚɫɶɤɿ ɝɨɪɢ
Ɇɚɥ Ɇɿɞɧɨ ɪɭɞɧɢɣ ɤɚɪ¶ɽɪ ɧɚ ɩɿɜɞɧɿ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ
ɒɩɧɮ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɨɛ ɫɮɟɣ" Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɨɛ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɥɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ ɑɠ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩʁ ɜɮɟɩɝɣ ɍɛɥ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ ɧɛɞɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɾ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɣɤ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɮ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝɣɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɧɛɦ Ȼ ɝʀɨ ɢɨɛɲɨɩɹ ɧʀɫɩɹ ɬɯɩɫɧɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɧɛɞɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɫɩɟɛɧɣ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɪɛɬɣ ɧʀɟʀ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɮɫɛɨɮ ɛɦɧɛɢʀɝ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɛ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɨɛ ɛɦɹɧʀɨʀɾɝʀ ɭɛ ɧɛɫɞɛɨɱɠɝʀ ɫɮɟɣ ɉɬɛɟɩɝʀ ɥɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ ɨɛɞɫɩɧɛɟɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɛɰ ɺɥʀ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɟɦɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɍɩɧɮ ɬɛɧɠ ɭɛɧ ɾ ɨɛɯɭɩɝʀ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɞɛɢɮ ɭɛ ɯɩɬɯɩɫɣɭʀɝ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɞɿɥɹɧɤɢ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɢ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɽ ɧɚɣɫɬɚɪɿɲɢɦɢ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɧɚɣɦɨɥɨɞɲɢɦɢ" 2. əɤɢɣ ɪɟɥɶɽɮ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɚɽ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ" 3. əɤɿ ɝɨɪɢ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɿ ɝɨɪɫɬɚɦɢ" 4. əɤɿ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɫɬɨɫɬɿ ɣ ɞɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɹ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ"
A E
5. əɤɿ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɿ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ"
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. Ⱦɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɡ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɹɤ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɬɢ ɫɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɣɜɢɳɨʀ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɢ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ 2. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɨɩɢɫɢ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɚɥɦɚɡɢ ɳɨ ʀɯ ɡɧɚɣɞɟɧɨ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" əɤ ɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɜɿɞ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɚ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɸɫɿɜ" ɑɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɫɿɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ"
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɚɥʀ ɲɣɨɨɣɥɣ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ" Ƚɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɧɛɾ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɬɣɧɠɭɫɣɲɨɠ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɴɩɟɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɑɠ ɤ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɦɩ ɭɛɥʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɺɥ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɛɬɛɭʀɝ ɧɛɦ Ƚɪɦɣɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ʀ ɧɩɫʀɝ ɴɩ ɩɧɣɝɛɹɭɷ Ȼɯ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɚɫɚɬɢ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ
ɅɆȲɇȻɍɃɒɈȲ ɊɉɚɌɃ ɍȻ ɉȼɆȻɌɍȲ ȻɏɋɃɅɃ Ⱥɥɠɢɪ
ȼ
Ȼ
Ʉɚʀɪ
Ⱦɚɤɚɪ
2 1 Ⱥɞɞɿɫ Ⱥɛɟɛɚ
ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɫɭɛɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɫɭɛɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ
Ȼ
ȼ
ȼ Ⱦ
ɫɣɥɮ ɩɜɧɠɡɠɨɣɤ ʀ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺɰ Ȳɬɭɩɭɨɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɭɠɲʀʁ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɩ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ɝɩɟ ɜʀɦɺ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɛ ɭʀ ɮ ɬɝɩɹ ɲɠɫɞɮ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɨɛɟ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɩɧ ɋɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ʀ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɧʀɡ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛɧɣ ȿɝʀɲʀ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɭɛɧ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɩɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɝ ɢɠɨʀɭʀ ɍɩɧɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɝ ɦʀɭɨʀ ɧʀɬɺɱʀ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɪɩɝɬɹɟɨɩ ɝɣɴʀ ɢɛ Ɍ ɛ ɧʀɬɱɺɧɣ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɹɭɷ ² Ɍ ɂɣɧɩɹ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɮ ©ɰɩɦɩɟɨɣɰª ɥɫɛɤɨʀɰ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɰ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧʀɬɺɲɨʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ ɨɠ ɩɪɮɬɥɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɝʀɟ Ɍ Ɏ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɪɫɩɞɫʀɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ Ʌɩɦɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɢɛ ɬɠɢɩɨɛɧɣ ɲʀɭɥɩ ɪɫɩɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɦɣɳ ɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɢɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ʀ ɫɠɡɣɧɩɧ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ʁɰɨɺ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ʌɩɨɞɩ ɤ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ⱦɝʀɨɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ³ ² ɧɧ ɢɛ ɫʀɥ ɛ ɨɛ ɬɰɣɦɛɰ ɞʀɫ ɴɠ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ³ ɟɩ ɧɧ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɳɠ ² ɪɨ ɳ ɫʀɲɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɧɠɨɳ ɨʀɡ ɧɧ
Ʌɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ʀ ɭɣɪɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ Ɇɚɥ Ʉɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ Ɉɛ ɭɠɫɣɿ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ ɭɩɫʀʁ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɟɝɛ Ⱥ ² ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ȼ ² ɜɨɥɨɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɭɛ ɟɝɛ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɝɨɝɨ Ȼ ² ɫɟɪɟɞɡɟɦɧɨɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ Ƚ ² ɡ ɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɦ ɡɜɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɧɛɦ Ʌɫɛɤɨɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɭɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ
ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɝ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɀɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɤ ʀ ɡɛɫɥɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨʀ Ʌɩɨɞɩ ɭɛ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ
Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ
ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ Ⱦɝʀɨɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ɦɦ ɦɦ ɋ ɋ 500 ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɨɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɛɰ 40 ɟɩ ² ɪɨ ʀ ɪɟ ɳ ɪɛɨɮɾ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷ400 ɨɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ʀɢ ɬɠɢɩɨɨɩɹ ɢɧʀɨɩɹ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɫɮɰɮ 20 ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ Ƚɦʀɭɥɮ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɪɩ300 ɝʀɭɫɺ ɬɪɫɣɺɹɭɷ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɨɨɹ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ 0 ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɛ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɝɣ200 ɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɩʁ ɬɮɰɩʁ ɪɩɞɩɟɣ -20 Ƚʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɝ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɥɦʀ100 ɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ Ɍɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ -40 ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɟɠ ɬɮɰɛ ɪɩɞɩɟɛ ɪɛɨɮɾ 0 ɋ Ʌ Ȼ Ʉ Ɍ ɑ Ʌ ɋ ȼ ɀ Ʌ Ƚ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɫʀɥ Ɇʀɭɩ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɠ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɟɩɜɩɝɛ ɭɠɧɆɿɫɹɰɿ ɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ³ ɟɩ Ɍ ʀ ɝɣɴɠ ɢɣɧɩɝʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɩɪɮɬɥɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ Ɍ Ɏ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɚɥ Ʉɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɞɿɚɝɪɚɦɚ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɟɠɴɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɜ ɫɭɛɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɹɫɿ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɨʀɡ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɧɛɦ Ɍɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɾ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɟɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɫɮɰɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ʀɢ ɰɩɦɩɟɨʀɳɣɰ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɮ ɜʀɥ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɍɩɧɮ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɭɮɭ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɨɣɡɲʀ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ ³ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ Ɍ ɛ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ³ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ Ɍ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɫɮɰɮ ɝ ɜʀɥ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɴɠ ɬɮɰʀɳɣɧɣ ɤ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɨɠ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ Ɋɫɣɜɠɫɠɡɨʀ ɰɩɦɩɟɨʀ ȼɠɨɞɠɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɭɛ Ɍɩɧɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɠ ɬɪɫɣɺɹɭɷ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɹ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɢ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɝɣɪɛɫɩɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣ ɭɩ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɰɩɦɩɟɨʀ ɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɫɩɬɛ ʀ ɭɮɧɛɨ ɍɛɥɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɢʀ ɨɠɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɣɧ ɦʀɭɩɧ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɱʀɦɥɩɝɣɭɩɹ ɝʀɟɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɹ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɧɣ ɭɮɧɛɨɛɧɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɣɤ ɟɦɺ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ Ɉɛɧʀɜ ɧɛɦ ʀ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɨɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨʀɝ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ Ɍɛɰɛɫɣ Ɇɚɥ Ɍɭɦɚɧ ɭ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɿ ɇɚɦɿɛ Ɉɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɪʀɟ ɟʀɾɹ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ɴɩ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɢ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɤ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɑɷɩɧɮ ɬɪɫɣɺɹɭɷ ɭɠɪɦʀ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɜʀɦɺ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛɟ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɹɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣ ȿɫɛɥɩɨɩɝʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɭɛ ɟɩɝɩɦʀ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɮɬɭɮɪɣ ɪɦɛɭɩ ©ɪɫɣɧɮɳɮɹɭɷª ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɭɣɬɺ Ɋʀɟɨʀɧɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɪɩ ɬɰɣɦɛɰ ɝɩɨɩ ɩɰɩɦɩɟɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɰɧɛɫɣ ʀ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɩɪɛɟɣ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ɉɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ³ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɭɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ³ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ʀɢ ɬɮɰɣɧ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɣɧ ɦʀɭɩɧ ʀ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɭɠɪɦɩɹ ɝɩɦɩɞɩɹ ɢɣɧɩɹ Ɉɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɫɠɡɣɧ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ʀɨɳɣɤ Ɇʀɭɩɧ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɆɚɥ ɏɦɚɪɢ ɧɚɞ Ʉɚɩɫɶɤɢɦɢ ɝɨɪɚɦɢ ɫɠɡɡɺ ɪɛɬɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɝɩɦɩɞɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɢ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɺɥɠ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛɟ Ʌɛɪɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɞɩɫɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɾ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɟɩɴʀɝ Ƚɢɣɧɥɮ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɹɭɷ ɩɪɛɟɣ ɨɛ ɬɰɣɦɛɰ Ʌɛɪɬɷɥɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɍɩɧɮ ɭɣɪ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɾ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɣɧ ɢɝɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺɧ Ɏ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɛ Ʌɛɪɬɷɥɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɦʀɭɩɧ ɪɛɨɮɹɭɷ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝʀ ɟɨʀ ɑɠ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɬɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɉɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɹɤɢɯ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɜɫɹ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 2. əɤ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 3. əɤ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɚɞɢ ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 4. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɝɨɞɢ ɜ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɬɚ ɫɭɛɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɤɥɿɦɚ-
ɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɚɯ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 5. əɤɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɭ" 6. ɑɢɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɭ"
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ
2. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɫɿɱɧɹ ɿ ɥɢɩɧɹ ɪɿɱɧɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɥɟɥɿ ɩɧ ɲ ɭ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɬɢɧɭ ʀʀ ɡ ɦɟɪɢɞɿɚɧɚɦɢ ɞ ɫɯ ɞ ɫɯ ɞ ɉɨɹɫɧɢ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ
ɋ
ɋ
ɦɦ
40 400 20 300 0 200 -20 100 -40 ɋ Ʌ Ȼ Ʉ Ɍ ɑ Ʌ ɋ ȼ ɀ Ʌ Ƚ Ɇɿɫɹɰɿ
ɦɦ 500
0
Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ
1. ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɣ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɭ ɞɿɚɝɪɚɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɧɭ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɩɢɲɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɬɢɩ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɞɿɚɝɪɚɦɚ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ
A
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ 3. ɋɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ Ɇɚɞɚɝɚɫɤɚɪ 4. Ⱦɟ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ ɞɨɛɨɜɿ ɚɦɩɥɿɬɭɞɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɧɿɠ ɪɿɱɧɿ"
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
Ƚɩɟɣ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ɑɢ ɝɭɫɬɨɸ ɽ ɪɿɱɤɨɜɚ ɦɟɪɟɠɚ ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" Ⱦɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɿɜ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɪɿɱɤɢ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" əɤɟ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɦɚɬɢ ɪɿɱɤɢ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ"
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɝɩɟ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɇɛɦɩ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ³ ɧɛɦɩ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɉɟɨɛ ɢ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɫɣɬ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ³ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɝɩɟ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɑɠ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɧɛɦɩ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɛ ɝɣɪɛɫɩɝɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɝɬɹɟɨɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ Ƚɩɟɣ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɠɨʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɨɠɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ Ⱦɮɬɭɛ ɫʀɲɥɩɝɛ ɧɠɫɠɡɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɛ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɛɧ ɟɠ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɝɩɟɩɭɫɣɝɥʀ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɝ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɦɠɞɦɣɰ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ Ɋɩɨɛɟ ɭɫɠɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɥɮ Ƚɩɟɛ ɭɛɧ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɢɨɣɡɠɨɨɺɰ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɟɩɴʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɭɫɛɪɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɮɡɠ ɫʀɟɥɩ ɮ ɌɛɆɚɥ ȼɚɞɿ ɭ ɩɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ ɰɛɫʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ Ɉɛɧʀɜ Ɏ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɺɰ ɾ ɬɮɰʀ ɫɮɬȺɮɪɢɤɢ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ɦɛ ³ ɝɛɟʀ ɧɛɦ ɺɥʀ ɬɝʀɟɲɛɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɮ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ȼɠɢɬɭʀɲɨʀ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɛɜɩ ɜɩɦɩɭɛ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɰ ɩɢɠɫ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɟɨɣɴɛ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɒɛɟ ɍɮɫɥɛɨɛ ȼɛɬɠɤɨɣ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟɣ ɫɠɡɣɧ ɬɭɩɥɮ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ ɫʀɲɥɩɝɩʁ ɧɠɫɠɡʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɾ ɢɨɛɲɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɠɤ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɩȽɩɟɩɬɪɛɟ Ȳɨɞɛ ɮ ɨɣɡɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɥɮ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɝɬʀɾʁ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɋʀɲɥɣ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ʌɩɨɞɩ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɬɣɬ ɝɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɝ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɬɭɩɥɮ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɭɠɧɣ ɪɩɫɩɞʀɝ ɭɛ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟʀɝ ɛɜɩ ɞɮɜɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɪʀɬɥɛɰ ɲɣ ɜɩɦɩɭɛɰ ȽɨɮɭɫʀɳɆʀɝʀɨɞɬɭɩɨɛ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɝɣ ɨʀɤ ɬɭʀɥ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɤ ɺɥ ʀɢ ɟɠɯʀɱɣɭɩɧ ɝɩɦɩɞɣ ɬɩɭɛ ɪɛɟʀɨɨɺ ɝɩɟɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɢ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɧɛ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɧ ɳɣɫɣɨɛ ³ ɢɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɋɠɳɭɛ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɧʀɡ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɛɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɧ ɟɩ ɥɧ ɂɛ ɩɜ·ɾɧɩɧ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɛ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ Ɉɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɝɩɟɣ ɺɥɮ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟ ɪɫɩɪɮɬɥɛɾ ɫʀɥɛɰ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɩɫɩɞʀɝ ʀ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟʀɝ ɴɩ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɪɩɝɠɨʀ ɝʀɨ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɩ ɢ ɨɠɞɦɣɜɩɥɣɧ ɢɛɦɺɞɛɨɨɺɧ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɰ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ Ɏ ɨɣɡɨʀɤ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ʀ ɪɫɣɪʀɟɨɺɭʀɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟɮ ɪɦɛɨɮɾɭɷ ɬɭɹ ɩɥɫɛʁɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɬɺ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ ȾɀɌ ɋʀɥɣ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɟɩɴɩɝɠ ©Ⱦɫɛɨɟ Ȳɨɞɛª ɪɩɭɮɡɨʀɬɭɹ ɡɣɝ ɦɠɨɨɺ ɋɠɡɣɧ ɬɭɩɥɮ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɢɜʀ ɧɦɨ ɥȽɭ ɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɫɠɡɣɧɩɧ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɋʀɥɣ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ʀ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨʀɳʀ ɦʀɭɩɧ ɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ³ ɢɣɧɩɹ ɋʀɲɥɛ Ʌɩɨɞɩ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨɛ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɨɠʁ ɝɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɩɜɩɰ ɪʀɝɥɮɦɷ ɛ ɦʀɭɨʀɤ ɟɩɴɩɝɣɤ ɬɠɢɩɨ ɨɛɬɭɛɾ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɤ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɝ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɧʀɬɺɱʀ
Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ Ɉɛɤɟɩɝɳɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ɉɛɤɟɩɝɳɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɭɛ ɬɝʀɭɮ ³ Ɉʀɦ ɥɧ Ƚɣɭʀɥ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɜɮɝ ɨɠɝʀɟɩɧɣɤ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱɺɧ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɰ ɫɩɥɛɰ ;,; ɬɭ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɩ ɫʀɲɥɮ Ʌɛɞɠɫɛ ɴɩ ɝɪɛɟɛɾ ɝ ɩɢɠɫɩ Ƚʀɥɭɩɫʀɺ ʀɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɣɭɩɥɩɧ Ɉʀɦɮ Ɏ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɭɠɲʀʁ Ɉʀɦɮ ɾ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɥɛɬɥɛɟ ɪɩɫɩɞʀɝ ʀ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟʀɝ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɝɪɛɟʀɨɨɺ ɝ ɨɠʁ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɪɫɣɭɩɥ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɾ ɝɩɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɫʀɲɥɣ ʀ ʁʁ ɭɮɭ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ȼʀɦɣɧ Ɉʀɦɩɧ ȼʀɦɺ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɐɛɫɭɮɧ ȼʀɦɣɤ Ɉʀɦ ɢɦɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ Ⱦɩɦɮɜɣɧ Ɉʀɦɩɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɜɠɫɠ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɨɛ ɀɯʀɩɪɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ʁ ɢ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɍɛɨɛ ɂɝʀɟɬɣ ɝɡɠ ɪʀɟ ɨɛɢɝɩɹ Ɉʀɦ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɾ ɝɣɰɩɟɣ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɰ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɫɭɚɧɫɶɤɚ ɝɪɟɛɥɹ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɋɛɨʀɳɠ ɭɮɭ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɫɩɞɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɬɮɟɨɩɪɦɛɝɬɭɝɮ ɱɣɧ ʀ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɫɮɟɨɩɴʀ ɟɩɬɭɮɪɮ ɮ ɝɠɫɰʀɝ·ɺ Ɉʀɦɮ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝɣ ɝɣɬɩɭɨɩʁ Ȼɬɮɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɞɫɠɜɦʀ ɧɛɦ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɪɩɫɩɞʀɝ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɝɩɟɩɬɰɩɝɣɴɠ Ɉɣɡɲɠ ɝʀɟ Ȼɬɮɛɨɛ Ɉʀɦ ɬɭɛɾ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɹ ɬɪɩɥʀɤɨɩɹ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨɩɹ ɫʀɲɥɩɹ ɴɩ ɝɪɛɟɛɾ ɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɠ ɧɩɫɠ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɲɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɟɠɦɷɭɮ ɧɛɦ ɚɥ ʀ ɝ ɮɬʀɤ ɢɛɪɦɛɝʀ Ɇɚɥ Ɋɭɤɚɜ ɞɟɥɶɬɢ ɇɿɥɭ Ɉʀɦɮ ɭɮɭ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɫɩɟɹɲɩɞɩ ɧɮɦɮ Ƚʀɨ ɨɛɨɩɬɣɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɪɛɝɩɟɥʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɢ ɀɯʀɩɪɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɋɠɡɣɧ Ɉʀɦɮ ɾ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɧ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɛ ɧɛɬɛ ɝɩɟɣ ɝ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɮ ɫʀɲɥɮ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɦɺɾ ʀɢ Ⱦɩɦɮɜɩɞɩ Ɉʀɦɮ ³ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɦʀɭɨʀɰ ɟɩɴʀɝ Ɋʀɟɤɩɧ ɝɩɟɣ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɾ ɪɩɨɣɢɢɺ ɫʀɥɣ ɮ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɦʀɭɛ ³ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɩɬɠɨʀ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ Ɉʀɦ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨʀɳɣɤ ɨʀɡ ɮ ɨɣɡɨʀɤ ɑɠ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɩ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɝɭɫɛɭɩɹ ɝɩɟɣ ɨɛ ɝɣɪɛɫɩɝɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɺɥɮ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɩɭʀɥɛɾ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɬɩɭɠɨɷ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɨɠ ɧɛɹɲɣ ɪɫɣɭɩɥ Ȳɨɳʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ȿɩɝɡɣɨɛ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ʌɩɨɞɩ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢ ɪɫɣɭɩɥɩɹ Ɇɮɛɦɛɜɩɹ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɥɧ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɢɛ ɩɜ·ɾɧɩɧ ɝɩɟɣ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛ ɫʀɥ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɣɨɩɬɣɭɷ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ Ʌɩɨɞɩ ɬɥɣɟɛɾ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɮ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɝɩɟɣ ɨʀɡ Ɉʀɦ ʀ ɝ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɫɛɢɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɝʀɟ Ɉʀɞɠɫɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɧɛɦɩ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɛɾɭɷɬɺ ʁɤ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɩɹ ɥɧ Ɏ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɠɬɮɭɷ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɟɣ ɮ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɩɥɠɛɨɣ ɂɛɧɜɠɢʀ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɛ ɥɧ ɭɛ ɉɫɛɨɡɠɝɛ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɛ ɥɧ
ɉɢɠɫɛ ʀ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ Ƚɩɟɨʀ ɫɠɬɮɫɬɣ ɉɢɠɫɛ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ Ƚ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɢɠɫ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɫʀɢɨɠ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ȱ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨʀ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɺɥʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɝ ɞɫɛɜɠɨɛɰ ɪɩ ɦʀɨʀʁ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀɝ ɉɢɠɫɛ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɝɣɟɩɝɡɠɨʀ ɝɮɢɷɥʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɞɦɣɜɩɥʀ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɟɩ ɧ ɢ ɥɫɮɭɣɧɣ ɜɠɫɠɞɛɧɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ³ ɍɛɨɞɛɨɷʁɥɛ ɧɛɦ Ɉɷɺɬɛ Ȱ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɺɥʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɪɫɩɞɣɨɛɰ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɍɛɥɠ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɾ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɛ ɩɢɠɫɛ Ƚʀɥɭɩɫʀɺ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɝ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ȿɨɩ ɪɦɩɬɥɩʁ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɣ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɤ ɩɢɠɫɩ ɒɛɟ Ʉɩɞɩ ɩɜɫɣɬɣ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɴɩ ɬɭʀɥɛɾ ɝ ɩɢɠɫɩ ɜɠɫɠɞɣ ɢɛɜɩɦɩɲɠɨʀ Ɉɛ ɀɯʀɩɪɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ʁ ɾ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɈɛɤɆɚɥ Ɉɡɟɪɨ Ɍɚɧɝɚɧɶʀɤɚ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɢ ɨɣɰ ³ ɩɢɠɫɩ ɍɛɨɛ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɳɦɺɰɩɧ ɪɠɫɠɥɫɣɭɭɺ ɟɩɦɣɨɣ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɪɩɭɩɥɛɧɣ ɦɛɝɣ ɧɛɦ Ƚɩɟɛ ³ ɱɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ɏ ɨɛɟɫɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɾ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɢɛɪɛɬɣ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɝɩɟ ɉɬɩɜ ɦɣɝɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɏ ɝɩɟɩɨɩɬɨɣɰ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɛɰ ɮ Ɍɛɰɛɫʀ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦɺɰ ʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɺɰ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɾ ɢɛɪɛɬɣ ɪɫʀɬɨɣɰ ɝɩɟ Ƚɩɨɣ ɪʀɟɰɩɟɺɭɷ Ɇɚɥ Ɉɡɟɪɨ Ɍɚɧɚ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɟɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɝ ɢɨɣɡɠɨɨɺɰ ɫɠɦɷɾ ɯɮ ³ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɛɰ ɬɮɰɣɰ ɫɮɬɦɛɰ Ƚɩɟɛ ³ ɱɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɭɩɧɮ ɝ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦɷɨɣɰ ʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷɨɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɜʀɦɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɝɩɟɩɤɧ ɥɩɦɩɟɺɢʀɝ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɩɛɢɣɬɣ ɍɮɭ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɪɛɦɷɧɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ ɛ ɨɛ ɢɫɩɳɮɝɛɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɝɣɫɩɴɮɹɭɷ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɪɦɩɟɩɝʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɪɿɱɤɨɜɨʀ ɦɟɪɟɠɿ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 2. əɤɢɦɢ ɽ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɜɨɞɧɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɿɱɨɤ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 3. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɬɟɱɿʀ ɿ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɪɿɱɤɢ ɇɿɥ" 4. əɤɿ ɡɚ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɽ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ" 5. əɤɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɿɞɡɟɦɧɿ ɜɨɞɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɭɲɥɢɜɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɿɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɚɬɥɚɫ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɨɩɢɲɢ ɪɿɱɤɭ ɇɿɝɟɪ 2. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɚɬɥɚɫ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɨɩɢɲɢ ɨɡɟɪɨ ɑɚɞ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɽ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɿ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɧɿɣ ɤɭɥɿ" ɇɚ ɹɤɿ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɭ ɉɌɄ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ʉɪɭɧɬ"
ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɩɨ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ Ƚ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɣɧɠɭɫɣɲɨʀ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɩɨ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɢɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɨɠɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɮ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɮ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɾ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ ɨɠɧɛɾ Ƚ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɨɨɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɦɣɬɭɩɪɛɟɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɬɛɝɛɨ ʀ ɫʀɟɥɩɦʀɬɬɺ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɦɣɬɭɺɨɣɰ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ʀ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥʀɝ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɧɛɦ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɩɨ ɝ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɾ ɬɣɧɠɭɫɣɲɨɣɧ ɪɩ ɩɜɣɟɝʀ ɜɩɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɢɩɨɣ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷ ɩɟɨɛ ɩɟɨɮ ɔɩɟɩ ɪɫɩɭɺɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ɢɛɤɨɺɭɩʁ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɭɩ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɭɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦɺɰ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɾ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ Ɏ ɳɣɫɳʀɤ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɝɣɭɺɞɨɮɭʀ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɲʀɭɥɩ ʀɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ȼʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɭɛɧ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɢɩɨɛ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ɧɛɾ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɝ ɫɠɦɷɾɯʀ ɴɩ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɣɦɣɬɺ ʀ ɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɭɛ ɪɫɩɭɺɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬʀɝ Ɏɪɦɣɝ ɪɛɬɛɭʀɝ ɢ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɝʀɟɲɮɭɨɣɤ ɮ ɬɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɟɠ ɪɛɨɮɹɭɷ ɢɩɨɛ ɬɛɝɛɨ ʀ ɫʀɟɥɩɦʀɬɬɺ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝɣɬɩɭɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɮ ȿɫɛɥɩɨɩɝɣɰ ɞɩɫɛɰ ȿɦɺ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɬɮɰʀ ɬɛɝɛɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɮ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɺ Ɉɛɧʀɜ Ɉɛ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥʀɤ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɩ ɝɮɢɷɥɩɹ ɬɧɮɞɩɹ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɩɨɛ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ Ɏ ɝɣɬɩɥɩ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɣɰ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɰ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ʁɝ Ȼɭɦɛɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɛ ȿɫɛɥɩɨɩɝɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɝɣɆɚɥ ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɭɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ƚɩɦɩɞʀ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ
Ɇɚɥ ɑɟɪɜɨɧɿ ɮɟɪɚɥɿɬɧɿ ʉɪɭɧɬɢ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ
Ɇɚɥ Ȼɚɝɚɬɨɹɪɭɫɧɢɣ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɥɿɫ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɀɜɠɨɩɝɠ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɴɠ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ©ɲɩɫɨɣɧ ɟɠɫɠɝɩɧª ɲɠɫɠɢ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɛ ɧɛɾ ɲɩɫɨɣɤ ɥɩɦʀɫ Ƚɩɨɛ ɭɝɠɫɟɛ ɪɩɞɛɨɩ ɥɩ ɦɠɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɪɩɦʀɫɮɾɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɾ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɛɡɥɩɹ ɒɩɫɨɛ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɛ ɨɛɤɟɩɫɩɡɲɛ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɂ ɨɠʁ ɝɣ ɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɹɭɷ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɧɠɜɦʀ ɍɛ ɥɩɡ ʁʁ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɭɛɦɠɤ ɧɮ ɢɣɲɨɣɰ ʀɨɬɭɫɮɧɠɨɭʀɝ ɨɛɪɫɣ ɥɦɛɟ ɬɥɫɣɪɥɩɝɣɰ ɞɫɣɯʀɝ
Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ ʀ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʊɫɮɨɭʀɝ ɂɛɪɛɟɣɨɛ Ʌɩɨɞɩ ɭɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ⱦɝʀɨɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɾ ɢɩɨɩɹ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɣɤ ʀ ɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɤ Ƚɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɴɩɟɨɺ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɟɩɴʀ ɑɠ ɬɪɫɣɺɾ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɰʀɧʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɮ ɝɠɫɰɨɷɩɧɮ ɳɛɫʀ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɺɥʀ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺɧ ɩɥɬɣɟʀɝ ɢɛɦʀɢɛ ɭɛ ɛɦɹɧʀɨʀɹ Ɏ ɰʀɧʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɛɰ ɜɠɫɮɭɷ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɧʀɥɫɩɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧɣ ɭɛ ʊɫɮɨɭɩɝɛ ɯɛɮɨɛ ɂɧʀɨɠɨʀ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɨɛɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɦ ʀ ɡɩɝɭɩɞɩ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɮ Ɉɛ ɨɣɰ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩ ɡɩɝɭʀ ɯɠɫɛɦʀɭɨʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ ɯɠɫɮɧ ³ ɢɛɦʀɢɩ ɛɦɹɧʀɨʀɮɧ ³ ɛɦɹɧʀɨʀɤ ȼɛɞɛɭɩɺɫɮɬɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɭɠɪ ɦɛ ʀ ɝɩɦɩɞɣ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɬɪɫɣɺɾ ɫɩɬɭɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɩʁ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ Ƚɩɦɩɞʀ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨʀ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀɬɭɹ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ Ɇʀɬɣ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɧɛ ɺɫɮɬɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ Ƚɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɺɫɮɬ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɢɛɝɝɣɳɥɣ ² ɧ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɪɛɦɷɧ Ɉɣɡɨʀ ɲɛɬ ɭɣɨɣ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫʀɝ ɨɠ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɞʀɦɩɥ ʀ ɨɛɲɠ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɥɩɦɩɨɣ ɪʀɟɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɟɩ ɬɝʀɭɦɛ ɥɫɩɨɣ ɢ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɧ ɱɮɪɥɣɧ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɜɦɣɬɥɮɲɣɧ ɦɣɬɭɺɧ ɍɛɥɠ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɾ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɟɧʀɫɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɪɛɫɩɝɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɩɦɩɞɣ ɭɛ ɩɪʀɥʀɝ ɪɫɺɧɣɧɣ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɧɠɨɺɧɣ Ɏ ɨɣɡɨʀɰ ɺɫɮɬɛɰ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ʀ ɥɮɴʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɧ·ɺɥʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɦɣɬɭɥɣ ɍɛɧ ɧɛɦɩ ɬɝʀɭɦɛ ʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɣɬɩɥɛ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɬɭɷ ȼʀɦɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɨɠɜɛɞɛɭɩ Ɍɭɩɝɜɮɫɣ ʀ ɥɫɩɨɣ ɩɜɪɦɠɭɠɨʀ ɦʀɛɨɛɧɣ ³ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɛɧɣ ɴɩ ɝ·ɹɭɷɬɺ Ɉɛ ɦɣɬɭɥɛɰ ɞʀɦɥɛɰ ʀ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫɛɰ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɬɠɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ ɠɪʀɯʀɭɣ ɴɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɺɥ ɩɪɩɫɮ ɛ ɝɩɦɩɞɮ ʀ ɪɩɡɣɝɨʀ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɨɣ ɜɠɫɮɭɷ ɢ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɉɪɛɦɠ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɝʀɟɧɠɫɦʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɟɮɡɠ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɫɩɢɥɦɛɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ Ɋɫɩɟɮɥɭɣ ɫɩɢɪɛɟɮ ɝ ʊɫɮɨɭʀ ɨɠ ɨɛɞɫɩɧɛɟɡɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɜɩ ʁɰ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɬɪɩɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɣ ɑɷɩɧɮ ɬɪɫɣɺɾ ʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɴɩ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɾ ɬɭɛɦɣɤ ɝɣɧɣɝɨɣɤ ɫɠɡɣɧ ʊɫɮɨɭʀɝ ɚɥɴɩ ɦʀɬɣ ɢɨɣɴɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɩ ʁɰɨɾ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɩ ȼɠɢɦʀɬʀ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɝɭɫɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɡɣɝɨʀ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɨɣ ɝɩɟɛ ɫɩɢɧɣɝɛɾ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɳɛɫ ʊɫɮɨɭɮ ɂɛɫɩɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɨɠɝɣɜɛɞɦɣɝɣɧɣ ɟɩ ʊɫɮɨɭʀɝ ɥɮɴɛɧɣ ʀ ɭɫɛɝɛɧɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɩɫʀɟ ʀɢ ɱʀɨɨɩɹ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɩɹ ɠɜɠɨɩɝɠ ɛɜɩ ɲɩɫɨɠ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɠ ɬɛɨɟɛɦɩɝɠ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɪɛɦɷɧ ɥɛɮɲɮɥɩɨɩɬɣ ɍɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɦʀɬɩɝɣɰ ɺɫɮɬʀɝ Ɏ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɝɩɦɩɞɩʁ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɢɩɨɣ ʀɬɨɮɹɭɷ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɛɦɷɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɝɩɟɩɤɧ ɛ ɴɠ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ³ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɩ ɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɺɫɮɬɛɰ Ɏ ʊɫɮɨɭʀ ɤ ɦʀɬɩɝʀɤ ɪʀɟɬɭɣɦɱʀ ɧɠɳɥɛɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɧʀɥɫɩɯɛɮɨɛ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɜɠɢɰɫɠɜɠɭɨʀ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɣɤɥɣ ɢɧʀʁ ɺɴʀɫɥɣ Ɉɛɢɠɧɨɣɤ ɺɫɮɬ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɤ ɨɛ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɣɭɨɣɰ ɦʀɬɩɝɣɰ ɬɝɣɨɠɤ ɜʀɦɺ ɝɩɟɩɤɧ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɥɛɫɦɣɥɩɝʀ ɜɠɞɠɧɩɭɣ ɩɥɛɪʀ ɫɩɟɣɲʀ ɡɣɫɛɯ ɧɛɦ ɍɛɧ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɞɩɫɣɦɣ ³ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɪɩɟʀɜɨʀ ɧɛɝɪɣ Ʌɫɩɨɣ ɟɠɫɠɝ ³ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɠ ɱɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɧɛɝɪ ³ ɥɩɦɩɜɮɬʀɝ ɳɣɧɪɛɨɢɠ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɧɛɦ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɭɮɭ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ɞɫɣɢɮɨʀɝ ɡɮɥʀɝ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɫɩɢɧʀɫʀɝ Ɏ ɝɬʀɰ ɺɫɮɬɛɰ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɧɮɫɛɰɣ ʀ ɭɠɫɧʀɭɣ Ɋɩɝɬɹɟɨɩ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɤ ɨɛ ɟɠɫɠɆɚɥ Ɉɤɚɩɿ ɝɛɰ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɢɠɧɨɩɝɩɟɨʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɡɛɜ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɦʀɬɩɝɣɤ ɰɣɡɛɥ ³ ɦɠɩɪɛɫɟ ɂɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɟɦɺ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ʀ ɟɩɝɥʀɦɦɺ ɀɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɹɭɷ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɣɰ ɧʀɬɱɷ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɛ ɤ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɛ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ʀɢ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝʀ ɜɛɨɛɨ ɥɛɝɩɝɠ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɩɦɣɝɥɩɝɛ ɪɛɦɷɧɛ ɭɛ ʀɨ ȿɦɺ ɝɣɫɩɴɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫ ɨɛ ɩɫɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɡɣɭɠɦʀ ɝɣɫɮɜɮɹɭɷ ʀ ɝɣɪɛɦɹɹɭɷ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɦʀɬɮ Ƚɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ² ɫɩɥʀɝ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɛɧ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɩɧ ʉɫɮɨɭ ɢɛ ɱɠɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɝɭɫɛɲɛɾ ɫɩɟɹɲʀɬɭɷ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɮ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɮ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɹɭɷ Ƚɣɫɮɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɱʀɨɨɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɛ ɪɫɣɢɝɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɢɛɧʀɨɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɫʀɨɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɝɭɩɫɣɨɨɣɧɣ ɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɫɩɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɧɠɨɳ ɱʀɨɨʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɔɠ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɩɧ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɛ ɭɛɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɾ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɫɩɢɧɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɫɩɟɹɲɩɞɩ ɳɛɫɮ ʊɫɮɨɭɮ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɢɬɮɝʀɝ ɢɜʀɟɨɠɨɨɺ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ɏ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ ɢɩɨɣ ɝɭɫɛɲɛɾ ɬɝɩɹ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɮ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɣɝɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɪɫɣɝɛɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɍɩɡ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɝɡɣɝɛɭɣ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɛɰɩɟʀɝ ɟɦɺ ʁʁ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɣ Ɇɚɥ ɒɢɦɩɚɧɡɟ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ" 2. əɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ʉɪɭɧɬɿɜ ɭ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɥɿ-
ɫɚɯ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 3. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɥɿɫɚɯ Ⱥɮɪɢ-
ɤɢ" 4. əɤɿ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɢ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɿ ɜ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɥɿɫɚɯ" 5. əɤɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɥɿɫɢ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ ɿ ɞɨɜɤɿɥɥɹ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɨɩɢɲɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɿɡ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɪɨɫɥɢɧ ɹɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɥɿɫɿɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ 2. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɨɩɢɲɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɿɡ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɹɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɥɿɫɿɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ȼ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨɛ ɢɩɨɛ ɬɛɝɛɨ ɭɛ ɫʀɟɥɩɦʀɬɬɺ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ Ⱦɥɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɫɚɜɚɧ ɿ ɪɿɞɤɨɥɿɫɫɹ" ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɦɿɫɰɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɫɚɜɚɧ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɪɨɫɬɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɱɧɨɡɟɥɟɧɿ ɥɿɫɢ" əɤɿ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɢ ɠɢɜɭɬɶ ɭ ɫɚɜɚɧɚɯ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ"
ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɢɩɨɣ ʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɂɩɨɣ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɤ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɢɩɨɛ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɢɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɩɨɛɧɣ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɨɨɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɦɣɬɭɩɪɛɟɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɬɛɝɛɨ ʀ ɫʀɟɥɩɦʀɬɬɺ ɺɥʀ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ȳɰ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɉɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀɳɣɰ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɠ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɣɧ ɟɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝɣɧ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɩɧ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɷ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɝ ɧʀɫɮ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɮ ɢɩɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɨɨɩ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɾ ɍɛɧ ɟɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɷ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɛ ɟɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɢɩɨɣ ɾ ɦʀɧɜɛ Ƚɩɨɩ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɛɾ ɟɩ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɨɨɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɑʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɧ ɢɛɝɝɣɳɥɣ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɥɫɩɨɣ ɥɮɪɩɦɩɪɩɟʀɜɨɛ ɛɜɩ ɪɦɩɬɥɛ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɧɠɨɳɣɧ ɝɣɟɩɝɣɧ ɫɩɢɧɛɓɣɫɩɥʀ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɹ ʁɭɭɺɧ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɮ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɲʀ ɟɩɳɥɩɪɩɟʀɜɨʀ ɥɩɫɠɨʀ ɪɫɣ ɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɝ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɟɩ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫʀ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɬɺɞɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɢɛɤɨɺɭɩ ɬɛɝɛɨɩɹ ɝɣɬɩɭɣ ɧ ʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɍɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɦʀɬɩɬɭɠɪ Ɍɛɝɛɨɣ ɾ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɧ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɧ ɦʀɬɩɬɭɠɪɩɧ ɟɠ ɭɫɛɝ·ɺɨɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɩɬɨɩɝɮ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ Ɉɛɟ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɧɣ ɭɫɛɝɛɧɣ ɢɟʀɤɧɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɞɫɮɪɣ ɛɜɩ ɪɩɩɟɣɨɩɥʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ɢɛɫɩɬɭʀ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥʀɝ ʉɫɮɨɭɣ ɬɛɝɛɨ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɫɩɟɹɲʀ ɨʀɡ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ Ɏ ɬɮɰɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɞɫɩɧɛɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɠɞɨɩɹ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɫɩɢɥɦɛɟɮ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɰ ɢɛɦɣɳɥʀɝ ɮ ɱɠɤ ɲɛɬ ɬɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɨɠɬɭɛɲɮ ɝɩɦɩɞɣ ɝʀɟɧɠɫɦɣɤ ɭɫɛɝ·ɺɨɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɨɠ ɝɬɭɣɞɛɾ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɫɩɢɥɦɛɬɭɣɬɺ ɏɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɲɠɫɝɩɨʀ ɯɠɫɛɦʀɭɨʀ ɛɜɩ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩ ɜɮɫʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ ɬɛɝɛɨ
ɋɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɋʀɢɨʀ ɪɫɣɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɣ ɬɛɝɛɨɣ ȿɠɫɠɝɛ ɭɛ ɥɮɴʀ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɝ ɬɛɝɛɨʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɣɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɬɮɰɣ ʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɰ ɪɩɡɠɡ Ɇɣɬɭɺ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɟɫʀɜɨɠ ɡɩɫɬɭɥɠ ɩɪɮɳɠɨɠ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫɣ ɪɩɥɫɣɭʀ ɞɫɮɜɩɹ ɥɩɫɩɹ Ɏ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨʀ ɬɭɠɜɦɛɰ ɦɣɬɭʀ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ɨɛɞɫɩɧɛɟɡɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɪɛɬɣ ɝɩɟɣ ȿɦɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɛ ɪɛɫɛɬɩɦɷɥɩɝɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɥɫɩɨ ɧɛɦ Ɋɫɣ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɧɮ ɬɩɨɱɠɬɭɩɺɨɨʀ ɭʀɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɥɫɩɨ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɾ ɥɩɫɠɨɠɝɮ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɜʀɦɺ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫʀɝ ɟɠɫɠɝ Ɏ ɟɩɴɩɝɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɬɛɝɛɨɛ ɾ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɩɧ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɩɥɩɝɣɭɣɰ ɭɫɛɝ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɟɠɫɠɝ Ɏ ɬɮɰɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɭɫɛɝɣ ɝɣɞɩɫɛɹɭɷ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɢ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɩɪɛɟɛɾ ɛ ɬɛɝɛɨɛ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɬɭɛɾ ɡɩɝɭɩ ɜɮɫɩɹ Ɏ ɱɠɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɲɛɬɭɣɧɣ ɾ ɪɩɡɠɡʀ ɝʀɟ ɜɦɣɬɥɛɝɩɥ ʀ ɝɩɞɨʀɝ Ȳɨɥɩɦɣ ɦɹɟɣ ɬɛɧʀ ɪʀɟɪɛɦɹɹɭɷ ɬɮɰɮ ɭɫɛɝɮ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɴɩ ɪɩɪʀɦ ɪʀɟɡɣɝɦɹɾ ʊɫɮɨɭ Ƚɩɞɩɨɷ ɢɛɝɟɛɾ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɳɥɩɟɣ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɫɩɬɆɚɥ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɚ ɫɚɜɚɧɚ ɦɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɛ ɤ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɩɧɮ ɬɝʀɭɮ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɧ
Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɥɟɜ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ȼɛɩɜɛɜ ɧɩɡɠ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɭɣ ɝɣ ɬɩɭɣ ɟɩ ɧ ɛ ɟʀɛɧɠɭɫ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫɛ ³ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɧ ȿɠ ɺɥʀ ɜɛɩ ɜɛɜɣ ɺɥ ɪɫɣɪɮɬɥɛɹɭɷ ɡɣ ɝɮɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɴɩ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɣɭɣ ɩɬɥʀɦɷ ɥɣ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɨɠ ɯɩɫɧɮɾ ɴɩɫʀɲɨɣɰ ɫɩɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɥʀɦɠɱɷ ɔɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɧɛɝɪɺɲɣɧ ɰɦʀɜ ɨɣɧ ɟɠɫɠɝɩɧ ɪɦɩɟɣ ɜɛɩɜɛɜɛ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɪɫɣɝɛɜɦɹɹɭɷ ɧɛɝɪ ɛ ɢɛ ɯɩɫɧɮ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫɛ ³ ɪɦɺɳɥɩɝɣɧ ɟɠɫɠɝɩɧ Ɋɦɩɟɣ ʁɬɭʀɝɨʀ ɂ ɧ·ɺɥɮɳɛ ɪɦɩɟʀɝ ɝɣ ɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛɪʀɤ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɾ ɦɣɧɩɨɛɟ ɛ ɢ ɝɩɦɩɥɩɨ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɣ ³ ɧɩɭɮɢɥɣ ʀ ɞɫɮɜʀ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ
Ȳɢ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɮ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɤ ɬɛɝɛɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɜɛɩɜɛɜɣ ɛɥɛɱʀʁ ɧʀɧɩɢɣ ɪɛɦɷɧɣ Ɏ ɬɮɰɣɰ ɬɛɝɛɨɛɰ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɟɠɫɠɝɩɪɩɟʀɜɨʀ ɧɩɦɩɲɛʁ ɛɦɩɠ ɢ ɧ·ɺɬɣɬɭɣɧɣ ɦɣɬɭɥɛɧɣ ɋɩɢɧɛʁɭɭɺ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ʀ ʁɰɨɺ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɛ ȼɛɞɛɭɣɤ ɭɫɛɝ·ɺɨɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɟɛɾ ɥɩɫɧ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɭɫɛɝɩʁɟɨɣɧ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɛɧ ɛɨɭɣɦɩɪɛɧ ɡɣɫɛɯɛɧ ɜɮɤɝɩɦɛɧ ɬɦɩɨɛɧ ɧɛɦ ɨɩɬɩɫɩɞɛɧ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɤ ɰɣɡɛɥʀɝ ɦɠɝɣ ɧɛɦ ɦɠɩɪɛɫɟɣ ɞɠɪɛɫɟɣ ɳɛɥɛɦɣ ɞʀɾɨɣ Ɏ ɝɩɟɩɤɧɣɴɛɰ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɜɠɞɠɧɩɭɣ ɥɫɩɥɩɟɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɞɛɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɭɛ ɩɢɠɫ ɞɨʀɢɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨʀ ɢɞɫɛʁ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɮ ɬɛɝɛɨ ɢɧʀɨɹɾ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ȿɦɺ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɝʀɟ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɬɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɥɣ ɭɛ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɪɛɫɥɣ ȳɰ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɮɹɭɷ ɭɮɫɣɬɭɣ ɢʀ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɓɣɫɩɥɩ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɛɫɥɣ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ Ʌʀɝɮ Ƚʀɫɮɨɞɛ ɮ ȿɋ Ʌɩɨɞɩ Ʌɛɞɠɫɛ ɝ ɋɮɛɨɟʀ Ɍɠɫɠɨɞɠɭʀ ɮ ɍɛɨɢɛɨʀʁ ɟɠ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɛ ɬɛɝɛɨɛ ʀ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɤ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ Ɏ ɱɣɰ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɛɫɥɛɰ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɺɭɷ ɨɛɮɥɩɝʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ
1. əɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɿ ɜ ɫɭɛɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿ-
ɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɹɫɿ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 2. əɤɿ ʉɪɭɧɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɜɚɧ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 3. əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɥɶɨɪɢ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɤɪɢɜɭ ɫɚɜɚɧɢ" 4. əɤɿ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɢ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɿ ɜ ɫɚɜɚɧɚɯ" 5. əɤɿ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ ɜɠɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɛɿɨ-
ɥɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɬɹ ɜ ɫɚɜɚɧɚɯ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ
1. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɨɩɢɲɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɿɡ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɞɟɪɟɜ ɹɤɿ ɪɨɫɬɭɬɶ ɭ ɫɚɜɚɧɚɯ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ 2. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɨɩɢɲɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɿɡ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɹɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɜɚɧ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ȼ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ɑɨɦɭ ɜ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɹɫɿ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɩɚɧɭɸɬɶ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɿ" əɤ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɩɿɜɧɨɱɿ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" ɓɨ ɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɸ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɨɧ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɥɢɫɬɢɯ ɥɿɫɿɜ ɿ ɱɚɝɚɪɧɢɤɿɜ"
Ɋɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɤ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ Ƚɣɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɠɪʀɢɩɟɣɲɨʀ ɟɩɴʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɬɛɝɛɨ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɤ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɨɣɰ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɬɠɢɩɨɮ ɬɭʀɤɥɣɰ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ȼɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɦɣɳ ɠɪʀɢɩɟɣɲɨʀ ɟɩɴʀ ɛ ɝ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ³ ɫɛɢ ɨɛ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɫɩɥʀɝ ȿɦɺ ɢɩɨɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɛ ɬɮɰʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɟɠɨɨʀ Ɍ ʀ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɨɣɢɷɥʀ Ɍ ɨʀɲɨʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪɣɦɩɝʀ ɭɛ ɪʀɴɛɨʀ ɜɮɫʀ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɠɫɠɪɛɟɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɫɮɤɨɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ Ɋɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɝɥɫɣɭɛ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɬɭɣɧɣ ɫɩɢɬɣɪɛɧɣ ɴɩ ɲɠɫɞɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɪʀɴɛɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ ɍɛɧ ɟɠ ɥɩɦɣɬɷ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɛɜɩ ɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɞɦɣɨɣɬɭʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɝɣɬɩɰɦɣɰ ɬɩɦɩɨɣɰ ɩɢɠɫ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɩɦɩɨɲɛɥɣ Ɇɚɥ ɉɿɳɚɧɚ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɹ ɋɚɯɚɪɚ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ɇɚɥ Ƚɥɢɧɢɫɬɚ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɹ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɟɥɶɜɿɱɿɹ ɞɢɜɧɚ
Ɇɚɥ ɒɚɤɚɥ
Ɇɚɥ Ɉɚɡɢɫ ɭ ɋɚɯɚɪɿ
Ɏ ʊɫɮɨɭ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɦɺɾ ɧɛɦɩ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɨ ɛɦɠ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷɨʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ ɜɛɞɛɭʀ ɨɛ ɧʀɨɠɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɬɩɦʀ ɚɥɴɩ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɟɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɪʀɟɰɩɟɺɭɷ ʊɫɮɨɭɩɝʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɭɩ ɝ ɩɛɢɣɬɛɰ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɩɹ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɩɹ ɝ ɩɛɢɣɬɛɰ Ɍɛɰɛɫɣ ɾ ɯʀɨʀɥɩɝɛ ɪɛɦɷɧɛ Ƚ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɨɛɪʀɝ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɟɮɡɠ ɜʀɟɨɣɤ ʀ ɧɛɾ ɬɪɠɱɣɯʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɣɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɢɛɧʀɨɠɨɩ ɥɩɦɹɲɥɛɧɣ ɛɜɩ ɝɩɨɩ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɠ ɥɩɫɠɨʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɪɫɩɨɣɥɛɹɭɷ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɩ ɝ ʊɫɮɨɭ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɝɣɡɣɝɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɬɩɦɠɨɣɰ ʊɫɮɨɭɛɰ ʀɨɳʀ ɡ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɟɩɴɮ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɱɝʀɭɮɭɷ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɢɛɬɣɰɛɹɭɷ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɛɧɣ ɢɩɨɣ ɾ ɪɩɦɣɨ ɥɮɫɛɤ ɝɠɫɜɦɹɡɛ ɥɩɦɹɲɥɛ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɭɫɛɪɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɠɨɟɠɧʀɲɨɣɤ ɝɣɟ ³ ɝɠɦɷɝʀɲʀɺ ɟɣɝɨɛ ɧɛɦ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɠɱɷ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ Ɉɛɧʀɜ ɚɥ ɡɣɝɠɭɷɬɺ ɜɠɢ ɝɩɟɣ" ɍɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɾ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɧ ɍɝɛɫɣɨɣ ɝ ɪɩɳɮɥɛɰ ʁɡʀ ɭɛ ɝɩɟɣ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɟɩɦɛɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɝʀɟɬɭɛɨʀ ɛɨɭɣɦɩɪɣ ɛɜɩ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɩɜɰɩɟɣɭɣɬɷ ɜɠɢ ɝɩɟɣ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɪɦɛɢɮɨɣ ɝɠɫɜɦɹɟɣ Ƚɟɠɨɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɢɛɫɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɩ ɝ ɪʀɬɩɥ ɰɩɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɨɩɫɣ ɛ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝɠɟɮɭɷ ɝɨɩɲʀ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɯɛɮɨɣ ɾ ɬɥɩɫɪʀɩɨɣ ɥɩɧɛɰɣ ɪɛɝɮɥɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɦɛɢɮɨʀɝ ɛɨɭɣɦɩɪɣ ɳɛɥɛɦɣ ɞʀɾɨɣ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɺɰ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɛ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɠɨɛ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɩɛɢɣɬɛɰ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɝɠɟɮɭɷ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɧɛɦ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɠɯɠɥɭ ɟɛɾ ɳɭɮɲɨɠ ɢɫɩɳɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ȼɦɠ ɝɩɨɩ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɠ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ʀ ɯʀɨɛɨɬɩɝɣɧɣ ɝɣɭɫɛɭɛɧɣ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ
ɂɩɨɛ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ʀ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥʀɝ Ƚɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ Ƚ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɬɮɰɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɛ Ɉɛ ɥɫɛɤɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɤ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɺɰ ʀɢ ɬɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɧ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɧ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɩɧ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɢɩɨɛ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ʀ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥʀɝ ɪʀɟ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɝ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɬɮɰɩɞɩ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɛ ʀ ɝɩɦɩɞɩʁ ɭɠɪɦɩʁ ɢɣɧɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɥɩɫɣɲɨɠɝʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ ɋɩɬɦɣɨɣ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɪɫɣɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɬɮɰɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɛ Ɏ ɨɣɰ ɭɝɠɫɟɠ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɭɛ ɥɩɦɹɲɥɣ ɴɩ ɝɣɪɛɫɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɧɛɦɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣ ɍɮɭ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɟɮɜɛ ʀ ɜɮɥɛ ɟɣɥʀ ɩɦɣɝɥɣ ɬɮɨɣɲɨɠ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɥɛɫɦɣɥɩɝʀ ɪɛɦɷɧɣ Ɉɛɤɱʀɨɨʀɳʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɦʀɝɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɠɟɫ ɝɣɫɮɜɛɨɩ ɛ ɨɛ ʁɰɨɷɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɨɣɨʀ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥɣ ȿɩ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɥɩɪɣɭɨʀ ɪɦɛɢɮɨɣ ɭɛ ɧɛɝɪɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɺɥɣɰ ³ ɜɠɢɰɝɩɬɭɛ ɧɛɥɛɥɛ ɧɛɦ Ƚ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɩɞɩ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɭɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɍɛɥ ɨɛ ɀɯʀɩɪɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ʁ ɝ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɭɠɪɦɩɞɩ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɨɛ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɫɩɟɛɰ ɪʀɟ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨʀɬɆɚɥ ɋɚɦɤɚ ɦɚɤɚɤɢ ɡ ɞɢɬɹɦ ɭɹ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɫɩɟɹɲʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ ɑɠɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɧ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɦɣɝɣɤ ɟɦɺ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɦɹɟɠɤ ʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɛ ɑɠ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɛ ɱʀɨɨɣɰ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫ ³ ɥɛɝɣ ɧɛɦ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɬɩɫɭʀɝ ɪɳɠɨɣɱʀ ɡɣɭɛ ɪɫɩɬɛ Ƚɣɴɠ ɝʀɟ ɧ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɬɭɛɾ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɨʀɳɣɧ ʀ ɬɮɰʀɳɣɧ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɦɣɝʀ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɱɭɝɛ Ɉɛɤɝɣɴʀ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɣ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ʀ ɪɫɣɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɪɩɥɫɣɭʀ ɝʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɬɨʀɞɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɛɧɣ Ȼɦɠ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɨɠɜɛɞɛɭɩ ³ Ʌɠɨʀɺ Ʌʀɦʀɧɛɨ Ɇɚɥ Ʉɚɜɨɜɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɡ ɟɡɛɫɩ ɝ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɟɠɬɺɭɣɫʀɲɲɺ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɛ ɳɛɪɥɛ ɩɥɨɞɚɦɢ ɪɩɧʀɭɨɩ ɢɧɠɨɳɣɦɛɬɷ ɭɛ ɟɠɺɥʀ ʀɨɳʀ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɯ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɿ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ
ɩɿɜɤɭɥɶ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ" 2. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ʉɪɭɧɬɨɜɨ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɢɜɭ ɿ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɡɨɧɢ
ɬɜɟɪɞɨɥɢɫɬɢɯ ɜɿɱɧɨɡɟɥɟɧɢɯ ɥɿɫɿɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 3. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɫɨɬɧɨʀ ɩɨɹɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ"
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɨɩɢɲɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɿɡ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɞɟɪɟɜ ɹɤɿ ɪɨɫɬɭɬɶ ɭ ɡɨɧɿ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɥɢɫɬɢɯ ɜɿɱɧɨɡɟɥɟɧɢɯ ɥɿɫɿɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ 2. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɨɩɢɲɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɿɡ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɹɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ȼ
Ɍɭɣɰʀɤɨʀ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɀɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ɓɨ ɬɨɛɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨ ɩɪɨ ɫɬɢɯɿɣɧɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɹɜɢɳɚ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɣ ɭ ɡɜ¶ɹɡɤɭ ɡ ɱɢɦ ɜɨɧɢ ɡɚɝɨɫɬɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ" ɓɨ ɬɨɛɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨ ɩɪɨ ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɜɫɟɫɜɿɬɧɶɨʀ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ"
Ɍɭɣɰʀɤɨʀ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ Ɋɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɮ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ɭɫɺɬɠ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɬɭɣɰʀɤɨɣɰ ɺɝɣɴ ɟɦɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɣ ɪɩɬɮɰɣ ɪɛɝɩɟɥɣ ɮɫɛɞɛɨɣ ɨɛɳɠɬɭɺ ɬɛɫɛɨɣ ɂɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɣ ɯʀɥɬɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɝ ɬɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɟɠ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀɝ ʀ ɞɫɛɜɠɨʀɝ ɉɬɠɫɠɟɥɣ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬʀɝ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɢɨɛɰɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛɰ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɉɟɣɨ ɢ ɨɛɤɪɩɭɮɡɨʀɳɣɰ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬʀɝ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɧɛɝ ɧɛɞɨʀɭɮɟɮ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɜɛɦʀɝ Ƚʀɨ ɬɭɛɝɬɺ ɫɩɥɮ ɧɛɦ Ʉɩɞɩ ɠɪʀɱɠɨɭɫ ɜɮɝ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɩɢɠɫɛ Ʌʀɝɮ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɳɠ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɍɛɨɞɛɨɷʁɥɛ Ɉɠɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɢɛ ɪɩɭɮɡɨʀɬɭɹ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɣ ɺɥʀ ɯʀɥɬɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɨɛ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɝɲɠɨɣɰ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɜɮɭɣ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɠɨʀ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩɹ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɥɩɹ ɨɛɟɞɦɣɜɩɥɣɰ ɥɛɫ·ɾɫʀɝ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ Ɍɭɣɰʀɤɨʀ ɦɣɰɛ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɠɨʀ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɧɣ ɺɝɣɴɛɧɣ ɉɟɨɠ ɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɢɞɮɜɨɣɰ ɬɭɣɰʀɤɨɣɰ ɦɣɰ ɴɩ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣɲɨɩ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ³ ɪɩɬɮɰɣ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɬɭɫɛɡɟɛɹɭɷ ɡɣɭɠɦʀ ɬɛɝɛɨ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɦɠɞɦʀ ɟɩ Ɍɛɰɛɫɣ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɀɯʀɩɪɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɭɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɍɛɥ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɝɛɡɥɛ ɢɛɬɮɰɛ ɩɰɩɪɣɦɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɝ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɢ ɦɣɪɨɺ ɟɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ ɫɩɥɮ Ƚɩɨɛ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɛ ɬɠɫɤɩɢɨɮ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɩɦɷɲɮ ɥɫɣɢɮ ɺɥɛ ɢɛɞɫɩɡɮɝɛɦɛ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɹ Ɇɚɥ ɇɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɭɫɭ ɪɨɤɭ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɧɦɨ ɩɬʀɜ Ʌɛɭɛɬɭɫɩɯʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɝɠɨʀ ɭɛ ɪɛɝɩɟɥɣ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ɉʀɞɠɫ ɭɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɣɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɍɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɮɫɛɞɛɨɣ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɭɛ ɟɩɝɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɰ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ
ɀɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ ɉɪɮɬɭɠɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɥɩɫɩɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɀɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ ɝ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨʀ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩɹ ɤ ɭɠɰɨʀɲɨɩɹ ɝʀɟɬɭɛɦʀɬɭɹ ɨɠɟɩɬɭɛɭɨʀɧ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɩɧ ʀ ɨɠɟɩɭɫɣɧɛɨɨɺɧ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɟɛɝɬɭɝɛ Ƚ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɦɩɴɛ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɬɥɩɫɩɲɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɢɛɞɩɬɭɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ ɢ ɟɩɬɭɮɪɩɧ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɟɩ ɜɠɢɪɠɲɨɩʁ ɪɣɭɨɩʁ ɝɩɟɣ ɯʀɥɬɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɜʀɟɨɠɨɨɺ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɬɭɫɛɡɟɛɾ ɝʀɟ ɬɠ ɝɣɟɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɯɛɮɨɣ ɢɩɨɨɣɰ ɢɦɣɝɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɝɠɨɠɤ ɭɛ ɂɜʀɦɷɳɠɨɨɺ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɩɪɮɬɭɠɦɹɟɩɴɩɝɣɰ ɥɛɭɛɬɭɫɩɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɠɨɠ ɨɛɟɧʀɫɨɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɬɝʀɤɪɛ ɝɩɟɥʀɝ Ɉʀɞɠɫʀɺ ɍɛɥ ɮ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɪɛɬɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺɰ ɫɩɱʀ ɪɩɝʀɨɷ ɮ Ɉʀɞɠɫʀʁ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɛ ɪɫɣɦɠɞɦɣɰ ɟɩ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɟɠ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɨɠ ɢ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɦɣɪɨɺ ʀ ɟɩ ɦɣɬɭɩ ɟɮɡɠ ɬɭʀɤɥɣɤ ɪɛɟɛ ɂɛɞɣɨɮɦɩ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɩɬʀɜ Ɍɥɩɫɩɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɠ ɢ ɫɩɢɛ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɢɛɦɣɳɣ ɦɣɬɺ ɜɠɢ ɟɛɰɮ ɨɛɟ ɞɩɦɩɝɩɹ ɲɣɴɠɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɟ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɟʀɦɺɨɩɥ ɟɦɺ ɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɛ ɦʀɬɩɢɛɞɩɭʀɝɦɠɹ ɱʀɨɨɩʁ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɣ ɭɛ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɣ ɺɥ ɪɛɦɣɝɛ ɟɦɺ ɩɜʀɞɫʀɝɛɨɨɺ ɤ ɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʁɡʀ Ƚɣɫɮɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɧɠɨɳɮɾ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɝɣɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɞɩ ɥɣɬɨɹ ɛ ɤ ɟɠɴɩ ɢɨɣɡɮɾ ɤɧɩɝʀɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɂɛɜɫɮɟɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ Ɍɪɛɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɣ ʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɨɩɞɩ ɝɮɞʀɦɦɺ ɴɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɚɜɨɜɢɯ ɡɟɪɟɧ ɧɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɨɦɭ ɜɭɝɿɥɥɿ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? Ɏ ɫɛɤɩɨʀ ȿɫɛɥɠɨɬɜɠɫɞ ȿɫɛɥɩ ɨɩɝʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɡɣɦɣ ɦɹɟɣ ɪɦɠɧɠɨʀ Ɍɛɨ Ƚɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɢɨɣɴɠɨʀ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɢʀɭɥɨɠɨɷ ʀɢ ɢɮɦɮɬɛɧɣ ʀ ɜʀɦɣɧɣ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɱɺɧɣ ɮ ɐȲɐ ɬɭ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɠɜɠ ɪɦɠɧ·ɺ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɩ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷ ɨʀ ɨɛɬɥɠɦɷɨʀ ɧɛɦɹɨɥɣ ɝ ȿɫɛɥɩ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɨɠɬɠɨɩ əɈɀɌɅɉ ɟɩ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ ɝ ɫɩɱʀ
Ɇɚɥ ɍ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɚɪɤɭ ©ɇɝɨɪɨɧɝɨɪɨª
ɬɺ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʁɡʀ ɪɫɣɢɝɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɝɣɥɣɟʀɝ ɝɮɞɦɠɥɣɬɦɩɞɩ ɞɛɢɮ ɝ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɮ ɧɛɦ ȿɣɢɠɦɷɨɠ ɪɛɦɣɝɩ ɬɪɛɦɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɞɠɨɠɫɛɭɩɫɛɰ ɴɩɜ ɝɣɫɩɜɦɺɭɣ ɠɦɠɥɭɫɩɠɨɠɫɞʀɹ ɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɟɠ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɬɭɛɲɛɨɨɺ ɠɦɠɥɭɫɩ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ Ɏ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ɢʀ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɧ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɨɨɺɧ ɲɣɬɠɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɧʀɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɟɠɟɛɦʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɪɛɦɣɝɛ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɭɫɛɨɬɪɩɫɭɨʀ ɢɛɬɩɜɣ Ɏ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɺɥʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɝ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ʀ ɨɛ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭʀ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɪɩɞʀɫɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ
ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ ɔɩ ɭɛɥɠ Ɍɪɣɬɩɥ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ" Ɋɫɣ ɉɉɈ ɉɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɉɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɣɰ Ɉɛɱʀɤ ʀɬɨɮɾ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɛ ɥɩɧʀɬʀɺ ɢ ɪɣɭɛɨɷ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ɨɛɮɥɣ ʀ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɺɥɮ ɬɥɩɫɩɲɠɨɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ əɈɀɌɅɉ Ƚ ɫɩɱʀ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɦɛ Ʌɩɨɝɠɨɱʀɹ ɪɫɩ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɩʁ ʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ Ɉɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭɛ ɮɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɪɣɬɩɥ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɮ ɪʀɢɨɛɝɛɦɷɨɮ ɱʀɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨʀɰ ʀ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɰ ɪɩɥɩɦʀɨɷ ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɪʀɟ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɹ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɩɹ ʀ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɧɣ ɤ ɟɩɬɭɮɪɨɣɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɨɨɺ ʁɰ ɭɮɫɣɬɭɛɧɣ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ɋɫɩ Ɍɪɣɬɩɥ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ ɝ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ Ɍɭɛɨɩɧ ɨɛ ɫʀɥ ɟɩ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɝɰɩɟɣɦɩ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɨʀ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣ ɭɛ ɛɨɬɛɧɜɦʀ ³ Ƚɠɦɣɥɛ ɧɠɲɠɭɷ ɝ Ȼɦɡɣɫʀ Ɋʀɫɛɧʀɟɣ Ⱦʀɢɣ ɝ Ȱɞɣɪɭʀ ɧʀɬɭɩ Ȼɜɮ Ɍʀɧɜɠɦ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ Ȱɞɣɪɭɮ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɨɠ ɧʀɬɭɩ ʀɬɦɛɧɮ Ʌɛɤɫɮɛɨ ɮ ɍɮɨʀɬʀ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ȿɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɛɫɥɣ ³ Ƚʀɫɮɨɞɛ Ⱦɛɫɛɧɜɛ ɉɥɛɪɣ ɝ ȿɠɧɩɥɫɛɭɣɲɨʀɤ ɋɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɱʀ Ʌɩɨɞɩ Ɉɞɩɫɩɨɞɩɫɩ ɧɛɦ Ɍɠɫɠɨɞɠɭʀ ɝ ɍɛɨɢɛɨʀʁ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɟɩ ɱɷɩɞɩ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɝɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɟɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɪɛɫɥʀɝ ³ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟ Ƚʀɥɭɩɫʀɺ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ ɂɛɧɜɠɢʀ ɟɩɦɣɨɛ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɉɧɩ ɝ ɀɯʀɩɪʀʁ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɋɩɜɜɠɨ ɥɫɛɭɠɫ Ƚɫɠɟɠɯɩɫɭ ɩɢɠɫɩ ɍɮɫɥɛɨɛ ɋɮɟɩɦɷɯ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ȼɛɨɟʀɛɞɛɫɛ ɮ ɋɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɱʀ ɇɛɦʀ ɧɛɦ ȿɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɺɥɣɰ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ ɜɠɫɮɭɷ ɨɛ ɬɠɜɠ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɨɺ ɴɩɟɩ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ
G
Ɇɚɥ ɉɚɦ¶ɹɬɤɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɧɚɝɿɪ¶ɹ Ȼɚɧɞɿɚɝɚɪɚ ² ɩɿɫɤɨɜɢɤɨɜɟ ɩɥɚɬɨ ɿɡ ɫɬɪɿɦɤɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɦɢ ɩɿɞ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɚ ɫɤɟɥɶɧɚ ɚɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɫɬɢɯɿɣɧɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɹɜɢɳɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɿɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 2. əɤɿ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɽ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɿɜ Ⱥɮ-
ɪɢɤɢ" 3. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ ɿ ɡ ɹɤɨɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɜɿɧ ɫɬɜɨɪɟ-
ɧɢɣ" 4. əɤɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɋɩɢɫɤɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɨɩɢɲɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɡ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɿɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɳɨ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɋɩɢɫɤɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ 2. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɨɩɢɲɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɡ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɿɜ ɳɨ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɋɩɢɫɤɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ɓɨ ɬɨɛɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɢ ɹɤɿ ɧɚɫɟɥɹɸɬɶ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɭ" Ɂ ɱɢɦ ɧɚ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɰɿɜ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɤɨɥɶɨɪɿ ɲɤɿɪɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɚɫ" ɓɨ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɤɚɪɬɿ" əɤɿ ɞɚɜɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ"
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɮɲɠɨɣɰ ɪɩɞɩɟɡɮ ɹɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɴɩ ɪɫɺɧʀ ɪɫɠɟɥɣ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɧɦɨ ɫɩ ɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɮɲɛɬ ɨɩʁ Ʌɠɨʀʁ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɢɨɛɰʀɟɩɥ ɝɣɥɩɪɨɣɰ ɫɠɳɭɩɥ ɪɠɫɝʀɬɨɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɩ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɩɢɠ ɫɛ ɍɮɫɥɛɨɛ ɥɩɦɣɳɨɺ ɨɛɢɝɛ ³ ɋɮɟɩɦɷɯ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɠ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɟɩɨʀ Ʌɠɨʀʁ ɭɛ ɀɯʀɩɪʀʁ
Ɇɚɥ Ȼɟɪɛɟɪɫɶɤɚ ɞɿɜɱɢɧɤɚ ɭ ɫɜɹɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɛɪɚɧɧɿ
Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ȼɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɛ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ Ȼɯɫɣɥɮ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɧʀɬɱɠɧ ɪɩɺɝɣ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɍɮɭ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨɩ ɢɛɦɣɳɥɣ ɝɣɥɩɪɨɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɰ ʀɬɭɩɭ ɴɩ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɢɨɛɥ ɪɫɣɭɛɧɛɨɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɣɨʀ Ʌɫʀɧ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɩɬɭɛɨɥɣ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ʀ ʁɰɨʀ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɟɺ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨɩ ɨɛ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ʀ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɋɩɢɧɛʁɭɭɺ ɫɛɬ ʀ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ³ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɬɠɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɫɛɬ Ɏɡɠ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɧʀɭɨʀ ɫɛɬɩɝʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɺɥʀ ɨɛɬɠɦɺɦɣ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ Ɍɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɝ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɫɛɬ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɩʁɟɨɩʁ ɨɠɞɫɩʁɟɨɩʁ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩʁ ʀ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɩʁɟɨɩʁ Ɋɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɞʀɦɥɣ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɩʁɟɨɩʁ ɫɛɬɣ ɢʀ ɬɧɛɞɦɺɝɩɹ ɳɥʀɫɩɹ ɭɠɧɨɣɧ ɝɩɦɩɬɬɺɧ ʀ ɩɲɣɧɛ ɝɮɢɷɥɣɧ ɨɩɬɩɧ ɩɝɛɦɷɨɣɧ ɩɜɦɣɲɲɺɧ ɨɛɬɠɦɺɹɭɷ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɮ Ȼɯɫɣɥɮ ɑɠ ɥɩɫʀɨɨɠ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ³ ɜɠɫɜɠɫɣ ɧɛɦ ɭɮɛɫɠɞɣ ɭɛ ɛɫɛɜɣ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨɛ ɨɛɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɨɠɞɫɩʁɟɨɩʁ ɞʀɦɥɣ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɫɛɬɣ ȿɦɺ ɨɣɰ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɣɤ ɭɠɧɨɣɤ ɥɩɦʀɫ ɳɥʀɫɣ ɴɩ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɾ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧ ɝʀɟ ɮɦɷɭɫɛɯʀɩɦɠɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɝɣɪɫɩɧʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɩɨɱɺ Ʌɮɲɠɫɺɝɠ ɝɩɦɩɬɬɺ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɾ ɢɛɰɣɬɨʀ ɯɮɨɥɱʀʁ ȿɦɺ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɱʀɾʁ ɫɛɬɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɳɣɫɩɥʀ ɨɩɬɣ ɢ ɨɣɢɷɥɣɧ ɪɠɫɠɟ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɨʀɬɬɺɧ ɩɪɮɥɦʀ ɞɮɜɣ Ȼɦɠ ɱʀ ɩɢɨɛɥɣ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɪɩ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɮ Ʌɩɦʀɫ ɳɥʀɫɣ ³ ɝʀɟ ɬɝʀɭɦɩ ɥɩɫɣɲɨɠɝɩɞɩ ɝ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɬɰɩɟɮ ɭɮɭɬʀ ɟɩ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɲɩɫɨɩɞɩ ɮ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɴɩ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɮ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀ Ƚɠɫɰɨɷɩɞɩ Ɉʀɦɮ ɨʀɦɩɭɣ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɺɰ ʀ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦɺɰ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɷ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɜɮɳɧɠɨʀɝ ʀ ɞɩɭɠɨɭɩɭʀɝ ɂɛ ɟɠɺɥɣɧɣ ɩɢɨɛɥɛɧɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɆɚɥ Ⱦɿɜɱɚɬɚ ɡ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɿ ɧɿɥɨɬɿɜ ɟʀɜɨʀ ɟɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɩʁɟʀɝ ɡɩɝɭɮɝɛɭɣɤ ɥɩɦʀɫ ɳɥʀɫɣ ɳɣɫɩɥɠ ɪɦɩɬɥɠ ɩɜɦɣɲɲɺ Ȼɦɠ ɥɮɲɠɫɺɝɠ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɝɩɦɩɬɬɺ ɭɛ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɤ ɨʀɬ ɫʀɟɨɺɭɷ ʁɰ ʀɢ ɨɠɞɫɩʁɟɛɧɣ ɉɲɠɝɣɟɨɩ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɢɜɦɣɡɮɹɭɷ ɱʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ɢ ȿɮɡɠ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛɧɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɾ ɪʀɞɧɠʁ ɡɣɭɠɦɺɧɣ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ ³ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɩʁɟɛɧɣ ɥɩɭɫʀ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɝ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷ Ɏ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɫɛɬ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɷ ɨɣɰ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ʌɩɨɞɩ ɑɠ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɞɫɮɪɣ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɴɩ ɪɩɾɟɨɮɹɭɷ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɫɛɬɩɝʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɛ ɞʀɦɥɛ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷ ɩɢɨɛɥɣ ɀɯʀɩɪɬɷɥɠ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɢɛɬɠɦɺɹɭɷ ɠɯʀɩɪɣ ɺɥʀ ɨɩʁ ɫɛɬɣ ɂɛ ɢɫɩɬɭɩɧ ɪʀɞɧɠʁ ɢɩɝɨʀ ɬɰɩɡʀ ɨɛ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɛɦɠ ɥɩɦʀɫ ɳɥʀɫɣ ɮ ɨɣɰ ɾ ɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɣɧɣ ɡɣɭɠɦɺɧɣ ɥɩɫɣɲɨɠɝɣɤ ʀɢ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɣɧ ɝʀɟɭʀɨɥɩɧ Ɉɛ ɇɛɟɛɪɦɛɨɠɭɣ ɟɩ ɬɧ Ʌɮɲɠ ɞɛɬɥɛɫʀ ɬɥɦɛɝɬɺ ɭɣɪ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɢ ɩɢɨɛɥɛɧɣ ɨɠɞɫɩʁɟʀɝ ɫɺɝɠ ɝɩɦɩɬɬɺ ɭɛ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɤ ɨʀɬ ɫɩɜɦɺɭɷ ʁɰ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɧɣ ɟɩ ɜʀɦɷ ʀ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɩʁɟʀɝ ɇɛɤɡɠ ɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɺɥʀ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɜɮɦɣ ɳɩɬɭʀ ɨɠɞɫɩʁɟʀɝ ɩɟɨɛɥ ɝʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɺɧɣ ɾ ɢɨɛɲɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ Ɉɛ ɪʀɞɧɠʁ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɝʀɭɦʀ ɳɣɧ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɧ ɳɥʀɫɣ ɭɛ ɭɩ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɝ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫ·ɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɨɳɣɧɣ ɞɮɜɛɧɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢʀɝ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ³ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀɝ ʀ ɜɮɫʀɝ ɨɛɴɛɟɥʀɝ ɞɩɦɦɛɨɟɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɱʀɝ ɛ ɝ Ɍɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ³ ʀɨɟɮɬʀɝ Ɋɩɨɛɟ ɧʀɦɷɺɫɟ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ɏ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨʀ ɲɛɬɣ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɮɡɠ ɳɝɣɟɥɣɧɣ ɭɠɧɪɛɧɣ ɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɡɛɹɲɣ ɝɬʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɣ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɑɠ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɢ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤɨɩ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɟʀɭɨʀ ɬʀɧ·ʁ ɢɧɠɨɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɣɭɺɲɛ ɬɧɠɫɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɛ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɷ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨɛ ɲɣɬɠɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɺɥɛ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɐɐ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɛ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɧɦɨ ɩɬʀɜ ɮ ɫɩɱʀ ɝɡɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɣɦɛ ɩɟɣɨ ɧʀɦɷɺɫɟ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ ɪɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɟɮɡɠ ɨɠɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɂ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɜɩɥɮ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɠ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨʀ ɝ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɺɰ Ɍɛɰɛɫɣ Ɉɛɧʀɜ ɮ ɟɡɮɨɞɦɺɰ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɣ Ʌɩɨɞɩ ɛ ɢ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɝ ɟɠɦɷɭʀ Ɉʀɦɮ ɞɮɬɭɩɭɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɮ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɜʀɦɷɳɮɾ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɬɝʀɭɩɝɮ ɩɬʀɜ ɨɛ ɥɧ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
ȿɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ƚʀɟ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɟɩ ɥɫɛɰɮ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ Ɉɛɫɩɟɣ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɪɫɩɤɳɦɣ ɟɩɝɞɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ Ɏ ɟɛɝɨɣɨɮ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɧ ɟɦɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ Ȱɞɣɪɠɭ ɀɯʀɩɪʀɺ Ⱦɛɨɛ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɲɛɬɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɣɤ ʀ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɷ ɳɭɮɲɨɩ ɬɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɋɩɢɪɛɟ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɮ ɐɐ ɬɭ ɬɪɫɣɺɝ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɹ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɫ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɣɦɣɬɷ ɝʀɟ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɛ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ ;; ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɝ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɝɡɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɉɣɨʀ ɭɮɭ ɨɛɦʀɲɮɾɭɷɬɺ Ɇɚɥ ɉɿɪɚɦɿɞɢ ɮɚɪɚɨɧɿɜ ɞɚɜɧɶɨɝɨ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ȯɝɢɩɬɭ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɺɧɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ Ȱɞɣɪɠɭ ɀɯʀɩɪʀɺ Ɇʀɜɠɫʀɺ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭʀ ɭɛ ɜʀɟɨʀ ȿɦɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɣɤ ʀ ɨɛ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɨɣɢɷɥɣɤ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɩɧɣɬɦɩɝɣɰ ɪʀɟɪɫɣɾɧɬɭɝ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨɛ ɝʀɟɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɱʀɦɩɞɩ ɫɺɟɮ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨɣɰ ɞɛɦɮɢɠɤ ɪɫɩɧɣɬɦɩɝɩɬɭʀ ɋɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɠɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɭɠɧɪɛɧɣ ȼɦɣɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɣɧɣ ɧʀɫɥɛɧɣ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ Ɇɚɥ ɋɬɨɥɢɰɹ ɇɚɦɿɛɿʀ ² ȼɿɧɞɯɭɤ ɨɛ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭʀ ɨɛ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ³ Ɇʀɝʀɺ Ⱦɛɜɩɨ Ȼɦɡɣɫ ɍɮɨʀɬ Ȱɞɣɪɠɭ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ³ ȼɩɭɬɝɛɨɛ Ɉɛɧʀɜʀɺ ɧɛɦ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ Ɉɛɤɜʀɟɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɛ ɋɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɥɛ ɑȻɋ ȿɠɧɩɥɫɛɭɣɲɨɛ ɋɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɥɛ Ʌɩɨɞɩ ȿɋɅ ɇɛɦɛɝʀ ȼɮɫɮɨɟʀ Ɇʀɜɠɫʀɺ Ɉʀɞɠɫ Ɇɚɥ ɒɚɪɦ ɟɥɶ ɒɟɣɯ ² ɨɞɢɧ ɡ ɂɝ·ɺɢɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɢ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɧɣ ɤɭɪɨɪɬɿɜ ɭ ȯɝɢɩɬɿ ɳɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɟ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ Ɏɥɫɛʁɜɿɞɜɿɞɭɸɬɶ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɰɿ ɨɛ ɬɪʀɝɪɫɛɱɹɾ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɧɣ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɥɩɨɭɛɥɭɣ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɦɣɳɠ ɢ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɭʀɬɨɩ ɬɪʀɝɪɫɛɱɹɾ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɢ Ȼɦɡɣɫɩɧ ɇɛɫɩɥɥɩ Ɇʀɝʀɾɹ Ȱɞɣɪɭɩɧ ȿɩ ɱɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɝɣʁɡɟɡɛɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɺɨ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɨɩɥ ɭɛ ɝ ɭɮɫɣɬɭɬɷɥʀ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɥɣ ɧɛɦ Ƚ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɛɰ ɨɛɝɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɬɭɮɟɠɨɭʀɝ ɢ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ɉɛɤɪɠɫɬɪɠɥɭɣɝɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɭɛɨɨɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɪʀɝɫɩɜʀɭɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɾ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɺɥʀ ɜɛɞɛɭʀ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɑɢɦ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɚ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɜ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ɥɸɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɿ" 2. əɤɿ ɪɚɫɢ ɿ ɧɚɪɨɞɢ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɯ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɢ-
ɧɟɧɬɭ" 3. əɤ ɡɦɿɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɱɢɫɟɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ" 4. əɤ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 5. əɤɿ ɧɚɣɞɚɜɧɿɲɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ" 6. ɓɨ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ ɡ ɤɨɥɨɧɿɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹɦɢ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɭ ɏɏ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɿ" 7. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɤɪɚʀɧ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɦɭ ɟɬɚɩɿ" 8. əɤɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɪɢɫɢ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ¶ɹɡɤɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɡ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɦɢ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɨɩɢɲɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɿɡ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ ɹɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɽ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ 2. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɚɬɥɚɫ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɜɢɩɢɲɢ ɿ ɡɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ Ⱥɥɠɢɪ Ⱦɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɧɚ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɚ Ʉɨɧɝɨ ȿɮɿɨɩɿɹ ȯɝɢɩɟɬ Ʌɿɜɿɹ ɇɿɝɟɪɿɹ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɬɚ ɋɭɞɚɧ 3. ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɹɤɚ ɡ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɞɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɯ ɡɚ ɱɢɫɟɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɫɜɿɬɭ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ʌɩɫɩɭɥɩ ɪɫɩ ɢɧʀɬɭ ɭɠɧɣ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɩɧ Ƚɩɨɛ ɾ ɾɟɣɨɣɧ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɧ ɴɩ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɮ ɝɬʀɰ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɪʀɝɥɮɦɺɰ ȼɠɫɠɞɩɝɛ ɦʀɨʀɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɧɣ ɾ ɬɦɛɜɩɪɩɫʀɢɛɨɩɹ Ɏ ɫ Ƚɛɬɥɩ ɟɛ Ⱦɛɧɛ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɩɜʀɞɨɮɝ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ʀɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ Ɏ ɥʀɨɱʀ ;9,,, ɬɭ ʀ ɝ ;,; ɬɭ Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ ɭɛ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ɫɺɟ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɤ ɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɑʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺɧɣ ɭɛ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺɧɣ Ɏ ɫɠɦɷɾɯʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɲɣɨɣ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ʀ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɭɛɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɧ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɧ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ Ȼɢʀʁ ɇɠɨɳ ɨʀɡ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɣ ɪɩɨɛɟ ³ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɾɟɨʀɬɭɹ ɜɮɟɩɝɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɇɛɤɡɠ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ³ ɱɠ ɟɛɝɨɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛɨɩ Ȼɫɛɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɛ ɴɩ ɾ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ Ⱦɩɨɟɝɛɨɣ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭ ɺɥɩʁ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɛɫɰɠɹ ɭɛ ɪɫɩɭɠɫɩɢɩɹ Ɏ Ɍɰʀɟɨʀɤ ʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɭɛ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɨɛ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɣɰ ɴɣɭɛɰ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏ ɬɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɛɬɷ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɨɛ ɪɦɛɨɠɭʀ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀɝ ɏɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀɝ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨɩɹ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɹ ɭɩɧɮ ɨɛ ɀɯʀɩɪɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ʁ ʀ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ʁ ɾ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɦɛɝɩɝɣɰ ɪɦɛɭɩ ʀ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɧɛɬɣɝɣ Ɉɛ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɭɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɟɩ ɟɛɝɨɷɩʁ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɫɮɰɩɧʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ³ Ȼɭɦɛɬɷɥʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɭɛ Ʌɛɪɬɷɥʀ ɞɩɫɣ ³ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɪɛɬɣ ɧʀɟʀ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɮɫɛɨɮ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɛ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɨɛ ɛɦɹɧʀɨʀɾɝʀ ɭɛ ɧɛɫɞɛɨɱɠɝʀ ɫɮɟɣ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɢɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ʀ ɫɠɡɣɧɩɧ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ʁɰɨɺ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ʌɩɨɞɩ ɭɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ⱦɝʀɨɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ³ ² ɧɧ ɢɛ ɫʀɥ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɳɠ ² ɪɨ ɳ ɫʀɲɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɧɠɨɳ ɨʀɡ ɧɧ Ɉɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɟɝɛ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɭɛ ɟɝɛ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ Ʌɫɛɤɨɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɭɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɝ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ ɫʀɲɥɩɝɩʁ ɧɠɫɠɡʀ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɾ ɢɨɛɲɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɠɤ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɥɮ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɝɬʀɾʁ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɉɛɤɟɩɝɳɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɭɛ ɬɝʀɭɮ ³ Ɉʀɦ ȿɫɮɞɛ ɢɛ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɩɹ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ³ Ʌɩɨɞɩ ɧɛɾ ɝɩɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɮ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɝʀɟ Ɉʀɦɮ Ƚ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɢɠɫ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɝ ɞɫɛɜɠɨɛɰ ɪɩ ɦʀɨʀʁ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀɝ ɉɢɠɫɛ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɝɣɟɩɝɡɠɨʀ ɝɮɢɷɥʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɞɦɣɜɩɥʀ ɢ ɥɫɮɭɣɧɣ ɜɠɫɠɞɛɧɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ³ ɍɛɨɞɛɨɷʁɥɛ Ɉɷɺɬɛ Ƚ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɨɨɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɦɣɬɭɩɪɛɟɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɬɛɝɛɨ ʀ ɫʀɟɥɩɦʀɬɬɺ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɤ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ʀ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɞɩ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɦɣɬɭɺɨɣɰ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ʀ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥʀɝ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɩɨ ɝ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɾ ɬɣɧɠɭɫɣɲɨɣɧ ɪɩ ɩɜɣɟɝɛ ɜɩɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɢɩɨɣ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷ ɩɟɨɛ ɩɟɨɮ ɂɛɪɛɟɣɨɛ Ʌɩɨɞɩ ɭɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ⱦɝʀɨɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɢɛɤɨɺɭɩ ɢɩɨɩɹ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ Ƚɩɦɩɞʀ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨʀ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀɬɭɹ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ Ɇʀɬɣ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɧɛ ɺɫɮɬɛɧɣ Ƚɠɦɣɲɠɢɨʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ ɝ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɟɩ ɢɛɤɨɺɭɩ ɬɛɝɛɨɩɹ ³ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɧ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɧ ɦʀɬɩɬɭɠɪɩɧ ɟɠ ɭɫɛɝ·ɺɨɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɾ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɹ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɬɛɝɛɨ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɭɛ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ Ɉɛ ɥɫɛɤɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɭɛ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɺɰ ʀɢ ɬɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɧ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɧ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɩɧ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɢɩɨɛ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ʀ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥʀɝ ɪʀɟ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɝ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɬɮɰɩɞɩ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɛ ʀ ɝɩɦɩɞɩʁ ɭɠɪɦɩʁ ɢɣɧɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɥɩɫɣɲɨɠɝʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ Ƚ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɩɞɩ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɭɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ Ȼɯɫɣɥɮ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɧʀɬɱɠɧ ɪɩɺɝɣ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ Ɉɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɛɬɠɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɫɛɬ ɒɣɬɠɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɮɡɠ ɳɝɣɟɥɣɧɣ ɭɠɧɪɛɧɣ ɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɡɛɹɲɣ ɝɬʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɣ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨɛ ɲɣɬɠɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɮ ɫɩɱʀ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɣɦɛ ɧɦɫɟ ɩɬʀɜ Ɏ ɟɛɝɨɣɨɮ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɧ ɟɦɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ Ȱɞɣɪɠɭ ɀɯʀɩɪʀɺ Ⱦɛɨɛ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ȿɦɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɣɤ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɣɤ ɨɣɢɷɥɣɤ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɬɟɦɭ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɑɢɦ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɭɫɿɯ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɢɤɿɜ" 2. ɑɨɦɭ ɩɿɜɧɿɱɧɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɭ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɇɢɡɶɤɨɸ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɨɸ ɚ ɩɿɜɞɟɧɧɭ
ɬɚ ɫɯɿɞɧɭ ² ȼɢɫɨɤɨɸ" ɑɢɦ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɰɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ" 3. əɤɿ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜɩɥɢɧɭɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɣ ɪɟɥɶɽɮ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧ-
ɬɢɧɟɧɬɭ" 4. ɑɢɦ Ⱦɪɚɤɨɧɨɜɿ ɝɨɪɢ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ Ʉɚɩɫɶɤɢɯ ɿ Ⱥɬɥɚɫɶɤɢɯ ɝɿɪ" 5. əɤɿ ɧɚɣɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɿ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" 6. ɍ ɹɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɯ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɿɞɱɭɬɧɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɧɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɨɤɟ-
ɚɧɿɱɧɿ ɬɟɱɿʀ" 7. əɤɢɣ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ¶ɹɡɨɤ ɿɫɧɭɽ ɦɿɠ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɨɦ ɿ ɪɿɱɤɨɜɨɸ ɦɟɪɟɠɟɸ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 8. əɤ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɜɩɥɢɧɭɜ ɧɚ ɪɿɱɤɨɜɭ ɦɟɪɟɠɭ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ" 9. əɤ ɜɩɥɢɧɭɜ ɪɟɥɶɽɮ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ"
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
D
ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ 1. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɭ ɤɚɪɬɭ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɤɚɪɬɢ ɚɬɥɚɫɭ
ɨɩɢɲɢ ɹɤɿ ɜɢɩɪɨɛɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɦɢ ɭɦɨɜɚɦɢ ɫɩɿɬɤɚɥɢ ɟɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɿɸ ȼɚɫɢɥɹ ɘɧɤɟɪɚ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɦɚɧɞɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɦ 2. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɚɬɥɚɫ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɦɿɫɹɱɧɿ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɜ Ⱥɮ-
ɪɢɰɿ ɧɚ ɬɢɯ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɹɯ əɤɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ" 3. ȼɿɞɨɛɪɚɡɢ ɫɬɨɜɩɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɧɨɦɭ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɿ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɢ-
ɦɢ ɚɬɥɚɫɭ ɜɢɫɨɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɨʀ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɯ ɨɡɟɪ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ 4. Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡɭɸɱɢ ɝɭɫɬɨɬɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɿ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɲɤɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɬɥɚɫɭ
ɡɪɨɛɢ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɹɤɢɣ ɡɜ¶ɹɡɨɤ ɿɫɧɭɽ ɦɿɠ ɝɭɫɬɨɬɨɸ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɦɢ ɡɨɧɚɦɢ
Ɍɟɦɚ
ɉȱȼȾȿɇɇȺ ȺɆȿɊɂɄȺ
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤɿ ɡ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿ ɜ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɿɣ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ" ɓɨ ɬɢ ɡɧɚɽɲ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ"
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ Ɋɦɩɴɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɢ ɪɫɣɦɠɞɦɣɧɣ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɧɣ ³ ɏɩɦɥɦɠɨɟɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɇɛɦɷɝʀɨɬɷɥɣɧɣ Ⱦɛɦɛɪɛɞɩɬ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ³ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ2 ɑɠ ³ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɭɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɳɠɬɭɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɧɛɦ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɮ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɮ ɝ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɾ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ Ʌɫɛɤɨɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɭɩɲɥɛ ³ ɧɣɬ Ⱦɛɦɷʁɨɛɬ ɪɨ ɳ ɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɛ ³ ɧɣɬ ɏɫɩɮɠɫɟ ɪɟ ɳ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɮ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ Ʌɫɛɤɨɷɩɹ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɹ ɭɩɲɥɩɹ ɾ ɧɣɬ Ɋɛɫʀɨɷɺɬ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɹ ³ ɧɣɬ Ʌɛɜɮ ȼɫɛɨɥɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɭɫɣɥɮɭɨɣɥ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ ɨɛ ɢɨɛɲɨʀɤ ɝʀɟɟɛɦʀ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɥɫʀɧ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ʀ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɂ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɹ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɩɹ ɝɩɨɛ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɾ ɩɟɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɇɠɡɮ ɧʀɡ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɹ ʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɹ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɩɹ ɮɧɩɝɨɩ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɺɭɷ ɪɩ Ɋɛɨɛɧɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɛɨɛɦɮ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɩɧɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ Ʌɛɫɣɜɬɷɥɣɧ ɧɩɫɠɧ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ³ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɧ ɛ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ³ ɍɣɰɣɧ ɩɥɠɛɨɛɧɣ ȼɠɫɠɞɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɪɩɫʀɢɛɨʀ ɬɦɛɜɩ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɧɿɦɤɭ ɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɭ
Ɇɚɥ Ɇɢɫ Ƚɨɪɧ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɍɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɪɩɥɣ ɨɠ ɜɮɝ ɪɫɩɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɤ Ɋɛɨɛɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɛɨɛɦ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɛ ȿɫɠɤɥɛ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɛɬɷ ɾɟɣɨɣɧ ɳɦɺɰɩɧ ɢ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɟɩ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɳɭɩɫɧɣ ɰɧɛɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɛ ɩɪɛɟɣ ɫɩɜɦɺɭɷ ɪɦɛɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɮɭ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɲɨɣɧ ɍɩɧɮ ɢɛ ɧɣɬɩɧ Ⱦɩɫɨ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɣɦɛɬɺ ©ɬɦɛɝɛª ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɥɦɛɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɥɩɫɛɜ ɦʀɝ ³ ʁɰ ɮ ɱɣɰ ɝɩɟɛɰ ɢɛɭɩɨɮɦɩ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɂɛ ɟɛɝɨʀɧ ɢɝɣɲɛɾɧ ɭɣɧ ɧɩɫɠɪɦɛɝɱɺɧ ɰɭɩ ɪʀɟ ɝʀɭɫɣɦɩɧ ɩɜʀɞɨɮɝ ɧɣɬ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɬɣɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɬɫʀɜɨɠ ɥʀɦɷɱɠ ɝ ɦʀɝɠ ɝɮɰɩ ɺɥɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɭɫɠɭɷɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɮ ɢɛɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɢɩɦɩɭɣɧ
ɾ ɝɮɢɷɥʀ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɛ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ³ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɝ ɞɣɫ ɦɛɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ³ Ɇɛ Ɋɦɛɭɛ Ȱɟɣɨɣɤ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ ³ Ƚɩɞɨɺɨɛ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɇɛɞɠɦɦɛɨɩɝɩɹ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɩɹ Ʌɫɛɤɨɺ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɩɬɭɫʀɝɨɛ ɭɩɲɥɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ³ ɧɣɬ Ⱦɩɫɨ ɧɛɦ ³ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ɨɛɤɳɣɫɳɩʁ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɣ ȿɫɠɤɥɛ ɺɥɩɹ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɂɛ ɩɜɫɣɬɛɧɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɛ ɟɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɭɫɣɥɮɭɨɣɥɛ ɴɩ ɢɝɮɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ ɝ ɡɛɫɥɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɨɺ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɢɝɮɡɠɨɛ ʁʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɝ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩʁ ɳɣɫɣɨɣ ɥɧ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɾ ɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ² ɪɟ ɳ Ȼɦɠ ɮɡɠ ɝ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɥɛɰ ɝɩɨɛ ɢɝɮɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ɪɟ ɳ ɳɣɫɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɾ ɥɧ Ɋɫɩɭɺɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɢ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ³ ɥɧ
ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ
Ɇɚɥ ɋɤɭɥɶɩɬɭɪɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɿɝɨ ȼɟɫɩɭɱɱɿ ɜ ɉɟɪɭ
96
ɒɩɧɮ ©Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛª" Ȳɬɨɮɾ ɫɺɟ ɞʀɪɩɭɠɢ ɪɠɫɠɥɛɢʀɝ ʀ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭʀɝ ɪɫɩ ɪɦɛɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɭɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɉɯʀɱʀɤɨɠ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɫ ɟɦɺ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɐɫɣɬɭɩɯɩɫɮ Ʌɩɦɮɧɜɮ ȿɮɧɥɛ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɨɩɝʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭʀ Ʌɩɦɮɧɜɩɧ ɱɠ ɨɠ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɜɠɫɠɞɣ Ȳɨɟʀʁ ɛ ɨɩɝɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɦɠɨɛ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɧ ɧɩɫɠɪɦɛɝɱɠɧ Ȼɧɠɫʀɞɩ Ƚɠɬɪɮɲɲʀ Ƚʀɨ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɩɪɣɬɛɝ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ ɤ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɨɣɰ ɨɣɧ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ʀ ɟɛɝ ʁɧ ɨɛɢɝɮ Ɉɩɝɣɤ Ɍɝʀɭ ɂ ɫɩɥɮ ɱʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ɥɫɛʁɨɩɹ Ȼɧɠɫʀɞɩ Ɋʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɨɛ ɲɠɬɭɷ Ƚɠɬɪɮɲɲʀ ɝɬɹ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ ©Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɩɹª ɧɛɦ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ Ɏɬɦʀɟ ɢɛ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɩɝʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɫɣɨɮɦɣ ʀɬɪɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɪɩɫɭɮɞɛɦɷɬɷɥʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝʀ ɢɛɞɩɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɹɲɣ ʁɰ ɨɛ ɝɦɛɬɨʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ Ɏ ɰɩɟʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɣɰ ɟʀɤ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɩ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀɹ ʀɨɥʀɝ ɴɩ ɢɛɤɧɛɦɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɋɠɫɮ Ɋɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɱʀ ɢ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɢɛɬɠɦɺɦɣ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɨʀ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɟɛɭɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɛ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɛ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɠ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɭʀɬɨɺɦɣ ɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɭɛ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ȿɦɺ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨʀɧ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺɧ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀʁ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯɛ ʀ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥɛ Ȼɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫɛ Ⱦɮɧɜɩɦɷɟɭɛ ² ɧɛɦ ɋɠɆɚɥ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ ɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɧ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡʀ ɪɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɭɩɧɨɛ Ƚɭɦɛɨɥɶɞɬ ɪɫɛɱɺ ©Ɋɩɟɩɫɩɡ ɮ ɫʀɝɨɩɟɠɨɨʀ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ Ɉɩɝɩɞɩ Ɍɝʀɭɮ ɝ ² SS ª ɝ ɺɥʀɤ ɧʀɬɭɺɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɩɪɣɬɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɲɣɬɦʀ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞʀɫɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ Ȼɨɟ Ƚɣɝɲɛɹɲɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ ɱɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɝʀɨ ɩɜʊɫɮɨɭɮɝɛɝ ʀɟɠɹ ɝɣɬɩɭɨɩʁ ɪɩɺɬɨɩɬɭʀ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ Ɉɣɧ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɩ ɭɛ ɩɪɣɬɛɨɩ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɥɣ ɪɫɩ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɧʀɡ ɨɣɧɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɛɧɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ Ȼɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫ Ⱦɮɧɜɩɦɷɟɭ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝ ɪɠɫɳɮ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɮ ɥɛɫɭɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɩɪɣɬɛɝ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɮ ɭɠɲʀɹ ɜʀɦɺ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɪɩɺɬɨɣɝ ʁʁ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɪɫɣɜɠɫɠɡɨɣɰ Ɇɚɥ ɑɚɪɥɡ Ⱦɚɪɜɿɧ ɫɛɤɩɨʀɝ Ʉɩɞɩ ɝɨɠɬɩɥ ɮ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɤ ɴɩ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɣ ɱɣɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ɝɲɠɨʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɟɫɮɞɣɧ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺɧ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɋɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɤ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝ ȿɛɫɝʀɨɩɝʀ ɛɜɩ ɢɠɧɦɺɨʀ ɝ·ɹɫɥɣ ;,; ɬɭ ɝɣɝɲɛɝ ɒɛɫɦɢ ȿɛɫɝʀɨ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩɬɝʀɭɺɥʀ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɨɛ Ⱦɛɦɛɪɛɞɩɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɷɩʁ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡʀ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɛɜɦʀ ©ȼʀɞɦɷª ² ɫɫ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ ɾ ɝɟɛɦɣɧ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟɩɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɺɥ ɮ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬ ɧɛɦ Ɋɩɜɮɝɛɝɳɣ ɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɭɠɤ ɮ ɰɛɫɲɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɝʀɨ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɰ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɥʀɝ ɂɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɢʀɜɫɛɝ ɱʀɥɛɝʀ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɣ ɜɮɟɩɝɛ ɟɢɷɩɜʀɝ ʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɝɬɺ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɹɭɷ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɝɣɟ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧʀɝ ɮ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɩɧɮ ɝʀɟ ȼɫɛɢɣɦʀʁ ɟɩ Ƚɩɞɨɺɨɩʁ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɤ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɢ ɪʀɟɤɩɧɩɧ ɮ ɞɩɫɣ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɛɰ Ɋɛɦɠɩɨɭɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɢɨɛɰʀɟɥɣ ɬɥɛɧ·ɺɨʀɦʀ ɫɠɳɭɥɣ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧʀɝ ɟɛɦɣ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɪɫɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ʀ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɭɣ ʀɢ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɧ ɬɝʀɭɩɧ Ƚɣɝɲɣɝɳɣ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ɇɚɥ Ɇɢɤɨɥɚ ȼɚɜɢɥɨɜ
G
ɝɣɟɣ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɨɛ Ⱦɛɦɛɪɛɞɩɬɷɥɣɰ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ ȿɛɫɝʀɨ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɪɫɣɪɮɴɠɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɛɦɠ ɢɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɢɧʀɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɉɪɣɬɛɨʀ ɨɣɧ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɨɛɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɝɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ ɢɩɩɦɩɞɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɠ ʀɨɛɥɳɠ ɺɥ ɟɛɫɝʀɨɩɝɣɧɣ ɝ·ɹɫɥɛɧɣ Ɍɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨʀ ɩɬɠɫɠɟɥɣ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɛ ɢɝʀɟɥɣ ɪɩɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ ɴɩ ɨɣɨʀ ɝɣɫɩɴɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɮɲɠɨɣɤ ɜɩɭɛɨʀɥ ɬɠɦɠɥɱʀɩɨɠɫ ɇɣɥɩɦɛ Ƚɛɝɣɦɩɝ ² ɧɛɦ ɂʀɜɫɛɨʀ ɨɣɧ ɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɢɫɛɢɥɣ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɲɣɬɦʀ ɢɠɫɨɩɝɣɰ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɬɩɫɭʀɝ ɪɳɠɨɣɱʀ ɢ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɝɫɩɡɛɤɨʀɬɭɹ
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" 2. əɤ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɚ ɧɚɡɜɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" 3. əɤ ɫɬɚɜɢɥɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɤɨɪɿɧɧɢɯ ɠɢɬɟɥɿɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɿɫɩɚɧɫɶɤɿ ɡɚɜɨɣɨɜɧɢɤɢ" 4. əɤɢɣ ɜɧɟɫɨɤ ɭ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɡɪɨɛɢɥɢ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɿ ɜɱɟɧɿ
A
ɏ9ȱȱȱ±ɏɏ ɫɬ " Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ȼɢɡɧɚɱ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɿɡ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɫɯɿɞ ɩɨ ɣ ɩɚɪɚɥɟɥɿ ɩɞ ɲ ɭ ɝɪɚɞɭɫɚɯ ɿ ɤɿɥɨɦɟɬɪɚɯ 2. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɿ ɥɿɧɿʀ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ 3. ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɩɪɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɟɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɿʀ ɳɨ ɜɢɜɱɚɥɢ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɬɚ ɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ
ɍɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨʀ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɣ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɥɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɬɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɢɤɭ ɥɿɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯ ɩɥɢɬ" əɤɢɦ ɡɚ ɜɿɤɨɦ ɞɿɥɹɧɤɚɦ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɢ" ɑɨɦɭ ɦɨɥɨɞɿ ɡɚ ɜɿɤɨɦ ɝɨɪɢ ɡɞɟɛɿɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɫɬɪɿɦɤɿ ɫɯɢɥɢ ɚ ɫɬɚɪɿ ² ɩɨɥɨɝɿ" əɤɿ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɿ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧɢ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɦɨɥɨɞɢɯ ɞɿɥɹɧɤɚɯ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɢ"
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ Ȼɨɛɦʀɢɮɹɲɣ ɯʀɢɣɲɨɮ ɥɛɫɭɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɧ Ɋɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ³ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ɟɩ ɧ ɨɛɟ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɧɩɫɺ Ɉɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɭɩɲɥɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɝ ɞɩɫɛɰ Ȼɨɟɛɰ ɧɛɦ ʀ ɧɛɾ ɝɣɬɩɭɮ ɧ ɞ Ȼɥɩɨɥɛɞɮɛ Ɉɛɤɨɣɡɲɛ ɢɨɛɰɩɟɣɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ɩɢɠɫɛ Ɇɛɞɮɨɛ ɟɠɦɷ Ʌɛɫɜɩɨ ɜɠɢɬɭʀɲɨɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ Ƚɠɦɣɥɛ ɟɠɪɫɠɬʀɺ Ɍɛɨ ɐɮɦʀɛɨ ³ ɧ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɝʀɟ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɧɩɫɺ ɧɛɦ ɂɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɩɧ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨɩ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫɨɣɤ Ɍɰʀɟ ʀ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɤ Ȼɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɂɛɰʀɟ Ȼɨɟɣ ɾ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɫɩɢɲɦɠɨɩɝɛɨɣɧɣ ɞɩɫɛɧɣ ɛ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɪɛɟʀɝ ɝɣɬɩɭ
ɍɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɛ ɜɮɟɩɝɛ ʀ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ Ɍɮɲɛɬɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ Ɍɰʀɟ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɛɝɨʀɤ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧʀ ɛ ɞɩɫɣ Ȼɨɟɣ ³ ɝ ɫɮɰɩɧʀɤ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭʀɤ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɍɫɩɰɣ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɣɧ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɧ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɟɠ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɝɣɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɴɣɭɛɧ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ȼɫɛɢɣɦɷɬɷɥɠ ʀ Ⱦɝʀɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɍɫɣɝɛɦʀ ɫɮɰɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɭɛɧ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺɧ ɭɫʀɴɣɨ ɝɣɭʀɥɛɨɨɺɧ ɧɛɞɧɣ
Ɇɚɥ Ƚɨɪɢ Ⱥɧɞɢ ² Ⱥɤɨɧɤɚɝɭɚ
Ɇɚɥ Ɉɡɟɪɨ Ʌɚɝɭɧɚ ɞɟɥɶ Ʉɚɪɛɨɧ
99
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɋɩɢɦɩɧɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɫɩɢɜɣɦɣ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɨɛ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɧɛɬɣɝɣ ɺɥʀ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɟɦɺ Ⱦɝʀɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɟ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɧ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɩɧ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɞʀɫ·ɺ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɞʀɞɛɨɭɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɭɩɦɩɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɰ ɜɦɩɥʀɝ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɝɠɫɳɣɨɨʀ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨɞɩɫɣ ɭɠɪɮʁ Ɍɦɩɝɩ ©ɭɠɪɮɤª ɬɷɥɛ ɉɫʀɨɩɥɬɷɥɛ Ɇɛ Ɋɦɛɭɬɷɥɛ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɧɩɝɩɹ ʀɨɟʀɛɨɱʀɝ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ©ɟʀɧ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɣɧ ɪɫɩɞɣɨɛɧ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨɜɩɞʀɝª ɍɠɪɮʁ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɬɷɥɛ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɛ ɾ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɩɹ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɹɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɜɦɩɥʀɝ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥɩɥɮɦʀ ɞɩ ɪʀɬɥɩɝɣɥɮ ɛɜɩ ɥɝɛɫɱɣɭɨɣɰ ɬɥɠɦɷ ɺɥʀ ɪʀɟɨɩɬɺɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɟ ɋɠɦɷɾɯ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨ ɟɩɝɩɦʀ ɩɟɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɤ ɪɫɣɦɠɞɦɣɧɣ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺɧɣ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨʀ ɢɛɜɩɦɩɲɠɨʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɩɬɛɒɠɫɠɢ ʀɢɩɦɷɩɝɛɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɟɩɝɣɧɣ ɪɩɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɧɩɫɝɠɫɳɣɨɨɣɰ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɩɨɷ ɭɠɪɮʁɝ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɨɣɰ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɫʀɟɥʀɬɨʀ Ȼɨɟɣ ³ ɧɩɦɩɟɛ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɛ ɥɫɛʁɨɛ Ȼɨɟɣ ³ ɝɣɟɣ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɧɩɦɩɟʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɴɩ ɪʀɟɨɺɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɝ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɠɪɩɰɮ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɬɭɣɥɮ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɪɦɣɭ Ɋʀɟɤɩɧɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɷ ʀɨɭɠɨɬɣɝɨɣɧ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɢɧɩɧ Ȳ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɝ Ȼɨɟɛɰ ɭɫɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɛɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɞɩɫɩɭɝʀɫɨʀ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɍɮɭ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɣɦɷɨʀ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɣ ɝɣɝɠɫɡɠɨɨɺ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɝ Ɉɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳʀ ɢ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɝ ³ Ʌɩɭɩɪɛɰʀ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɣɤ ɝɮɦɥɛɨ ɬɮɳʀ ³ ɧ Ɇɷɹɦɷɺɤɦɷɺɥɩ Ɍɛɨ Ɋɠɟɫɩ ɧɛɦ Ɍɛɨ Ɋɛɜɦɩ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɐɫɠɜɭɣ Ȼɨɟ ɭɺɞɨɮɭɷɬɺ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɭɩ ɫɩɢɰɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɭɩ ɢɜɦɣɡɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɲɣ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɝɮɢɦɣ ɇʀɡ ɰɫɠɜɭɛɧɣ ɝ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ Ȼɨɟɛɰ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɋɩɢɦɩɧɣ ʀ ɬɥɣɟɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɥɫɮɭʀ ɮɬɭɮɪɣ ɫʀɥɣ ɪɫɩɥɦɛɦɣ ɞɦɣɜɩɥʀ ɮɴɠɦɣɨɣ ɬɰɣɦɣ ɞʀɫ ɪɩɥɫɣɭʀ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɧɣ ɩɬɣɪɣɴɛɧɣ ɂɨɛɲɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɬɭɝɩɫɹɾ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɤ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ³ ɩɜɳɣɫɨʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝʀ ɟɩɦɣɨɣ ɢɛɞɦɣɜɦɠɨɨɺ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³?
Ɇɚɥ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɿ Ⱥɧɞɢ ȼɭɥɤɚɧ ɋɚɧ ɉɟɞɪɨ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɮɫɝɣɴɛ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɠɫɳɣɨ ɧɛɾ ɬɭɫʀɧɥʀ ɬɰɣɦɣ ɢɛɞɩɬɭɫɠɨʀ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɣ ɪʀɥɣ
Ʌɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ ȼɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ ɨɛɟɫ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɉɛɟɫɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɜɛɞɛɭʀ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɛɧɣ ɂ ɪɫɩɞɣɨɛɧɣ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɧʀɡɞʀɫɨɣɧɣ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɞʀɫɨɣɧɣ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɛɧɣ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ³ ɨɛɯɭɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɞɛɢɮ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɩɆɚɥ ɇɚɮɬɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɟɥ ɭ ɞɩ ɝɮɞʀɦɦɺ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɨɛɯɭɩɝʀ ɫɩɟɩɝɣȼɟɧɟɫɭɟɥɿ ² ɧɚɣɛɚɝɚɬɲɿɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɢ ɴɛ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɠɨɩ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɧɚɮɬɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɿ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺɰ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɢ ɝɣɰɩɟɛɧɣ ɛɜɩ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɣɧ ɢɛɦɺɞɛɨɨɺɧ ɧɛɞɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɫɮɟ ɧɠɭɛɦʀɝ ɱɣɫɥɩɨʀɹ ɭɣɭɛɨɮ ɮɫɛɨɮ ɨʀɥɠɦɹ ɢ ɧɠɭɛɧɩɫɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɫɩɟɛɧɣ ³ ɢɛɦʀɢɛ ɧɛɫɞɛɨɱɹ ɢ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɧɣ ɭɩɝɴɛɧɣ ³ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɣ ɜɩɥɬɣɭʀɝ ɋɮɟɣ ɧɠɭɛɦʀɝ ʀ ɟɩɫɩɞɩɱʀɨɨɠ ɥɛɧʀɨɨɺ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɢɛɪɛɬɣ ɫɮɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ ɧɛɞɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɧɠɭɛɧɩɫɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɾ ʀ ɝ Ȼɨɟɛɰ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɫɮɟ ɲɩɫɨɣɰ ʀ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɝɣɰ ɧɠɭɛɦʀɝ ɧʀɟʀ ɩɦɩɝɛ ɝɩɦɷɯɫɛɧɮ ɧɩɦʀɜɟɠɨɮ ɬɫʀɜɦɛ ɬɝɣɨɱɹ ʀ ɱɣɨɥɮ Ɍɦɩɝɩ ©ɛɨɟɣª ɧɩɝɩɹ ɪɦɠɧɠɨʀ ʀɨɥʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ©ɧʀɟɷª Ɏ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɝɣɟɩɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɦɛɭɣɨɮ ɢɩɦɩɭɩ ɟɩɫɩɞɩɱʀɨɨɠ ɥɛɧʀɨɨɺ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ȼɫɛɢɣɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɭɛ Ⱦɝʀɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɝɣɟɩɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɛɦɧɛɢɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ Ɇɚɥ ȱɡ ɚɦɚɡɨɧɿɬɭ ² ɢɛ ɢɛɪɛɬɛɧɣ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɣɰ ɭɛ ɧʀɟɨɣɰ ɫɮɟ ɪɩɬʀɟɛɾ ɧɚɩɿɜɞɨɪɨɝɨɰɿɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɧɟɪɚɥɭ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɭɣɭɛɨɮ ɧɩɦʀɜɟɠɨɮ ɩɦɩɝɛ ³ ɟɫɮɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɿ ɞɠ ɧɛɫɞɛɨɱɹ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ³ ɭɫɠɭɾ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɩɪɢɤɪɚɫɢ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɇɚ ɹɤɿ ɞɜɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɡɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɭɦɨɜɧɨ ɩɨɞɿɥɢɬɢ ɦɚ
ɬɟɪɢɤ"
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ 2. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ ɬɚ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɪɿɜɧɢɧ" 3. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ ɬɚ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ Ⱥɧɞ" 4. Ⱦɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɿ ɩɚɥɢɜɧɿ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɿ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧɢ" 5. ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ ɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɪɭɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɢɯ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. əɤɿ ɜɢɫɨɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ Ⱥɧɞ" Ɂ ɱɢɦ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɜ¶ɹ ɡɚɧɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ" 2. Ɂɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɜɢɫɨɬɢ Ƚɜɿɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɬɚ Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɿɪ¶ʀɜ 3. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɪɟɥɶɽɮ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤɢɣ ɿɡ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɽ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧ ɧɹ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɜɟɥɢɤɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ" əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɪɟɥɶɽɮ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ" əɤ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɿ ɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɿ ɬɟɱɿʀ"
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɂɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɝʀɟ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ʁʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɛ ɤ ɯɩɫɧɩɹ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ȳʁ ɳɣɫɳɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɝ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɑɠ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɾ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɫɛɟʀɛɱʀʁ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɮɬɷɩ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɛ ɬɠɢɩɨɣ ɫɩɥɮ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɬɦɛɜɩ Ɏ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɨɺ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɫʀɢɥɩ ɢɝɮɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɩɧɮ ɭɛɧ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɧʀɫɩɹ ɝʀɟɲɮɭɨɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ Ɉɛɤɝɩɦɩɞʀɳɣɤ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ƚɣɬɩɥʀ Ȼɨɟɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɳɦɺɰɮ ɝʀɭɫʀɝ ʀɢ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɱɠɨɭɫɮ ʀ ɬɰɩɟɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭʀ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɩɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ɢ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ɋɛɬɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɺɲɣ ɢ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɥɣ ɭɠɪɦɠ ʀ ɝɩɦɩɞɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɹɭɷ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɢ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣ ɨɛ Ɇɚɥ ɉɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɿ ɞɿɥɹɧɤɢ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɬɰɣɦɣ Ȼɨɟ ɢɞɦɛɟɡɮɹɭɷ ɫʀɢɨɣɱɹ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɿɪɧɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɢɧ ©ɩɪɢɦɭɲɭɸɬɶª ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɧʀɡ ɬɠɢɩɨɛɧɣ ɚɥ ɨɛɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɩɿɞɿɣɦɚɬɢɫɹ ɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɰɟ ɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɜʀɦɷɳɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɯɦɚɪɢ ɣ ɜɢɩɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɨɩɚɞɢ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɭɠɪɦɣɤ ʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɤ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɾ ɨɛɤɝɩɦɩɞʀɳɣɧ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɹɭɷ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɛ Ɋɠɫɮɛɨɬɷɥɛ ɭɠɲʀɺ ɐɩɦɩɟɨɛ Ɋɠɫɮɛɨɬɷɥɛ ɭɠɲʀɺ ɟʀɾ ɺɥɛ ɭɠɲɠ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɪɛɬɛɭɛɧ Ȼɦɠ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɩɟɣɨ ɫɛɢ ɨɛ ² ɫɩɥʀɝ ɝʀɟ ɪɟ ɳ ʀ ɟɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɭɛ ɰɩɪɛɬɛɭɣ ɬɦɛɜɳɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ² ɦɩɟɨɛ ɏɩɦɥɦɠɨɟɬɷɥɛ ɭɠɲʀɺ ɴɩ ɭɠɲɠ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɧʀɬɺɱʀɝ ɭɠɲʀɺ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɺɾ ɬɝɩɹ ɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ Ƚɩɨɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɩɰɩɦɩɟɡɮɹɭɷ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ©ɫɩɜɩɭɮª ɛ ɟɩ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ɋʀɝɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɨɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨʀɝ ʀ ɨɠ ɬɪɫɣɺɹɭɷ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɹ ɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɢɧʀɴɮɹɭɷɩɪɛɟʀɝ ȿɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɜɠɫɠɞɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪʀɟɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɬɺ ɭɠɪɦʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɍɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ɝɩɟ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɮɾɭɷɭɠɪɦɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ɋɛɬɛɭɨɛ ɭɠɲʀɺ ɺɥɛ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ Ⱦɝʀɛɨɬɷɥɮ ʀ ȼɫɛɢɣɦɷɬɷɥɮ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɣɭɷ ɬɺ ɨɛ ² ɞɫɛɟɮɬʀɝ ɑɠ ɺɝɣɴɠ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ©ɀɦɷ Ɉʀɨɷɤɩª ɝɩɦɩɞɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɀɨɠɫɞʀɺ ɀɦɷ Ɉʀɨɷɤɩ ɪɫɣɢɝɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɮɝɛɨɣɰ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ʀ ɭɣɪɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɮɫɛɞɛɨʀɝ ɪɛɝɩɟɥʀɝ ɲɣ ɪɩɬɮɰ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɟɝɩɰ ɪʀɝɥɮɦɷ Ɉɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷ ɭɛɥʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ʀ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɤ ɧɛɦ Ƚ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɣ ʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀ Ȼɨɟɣ ɍɮɭ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɢ ɝɣ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ɅɆȲɇȻɍɃɒɈȲ ɊɉɚɌɃ ɍȻ ɉȼɆȻɌɍȲ ɊȲȽȿɀɈɈɉȳ ȻɇɀɋɃɅɃ ɉɚɧɚɦɚ
Ʉɚɪɚɤɚɫ
1
ɨ ɜɢ Ʉɿɬɨ Ƚɚɥɚɩɚʉɨɫ
2 Ʌɿɦɚ
Ȼ ɋɚɧɬɶɹɝɨ
Ȼɟɥɟɧ
Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɿɚ Ɋɿɨ ɞɟ ɀɚɧɟɣɪɨ
Ⱦ
ȼ
ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿ ȼ Ȼɭɟɧɨɫ Ⱥɣɪɟɫ ɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɫɭɛɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿ Ȼ ɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ȼ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɫɭɛɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ Ƚ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ
Ɇɚɥ Ʉɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɿ ɨɛ ɥɚɫɬɿ ɭ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɿɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɰɿ ɨɛɥɚɫ ɬɿ Ⱥ ± ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ȼ ± ɜɨɥɨ ɝɨɝɨ Ⱥ ± ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ȼ ± ɫɟɪɟɞɡɟɦɧɨɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ Ƚ ± ɡ ɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɦ ɡɜɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɦ Ȼ ± ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ȼ ± ɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ
ɋ
ɋ
ɦɦ
ɦɦ
ɬɩɥɣɧɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɫɩɥɮ Ɍ Ɍ ʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɬɭɹ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɟɩ ɧɧ ɨɛ ɫʀɥ ɛ ɝ ɪɠɫɠɟɞʀɫ·ɺɰ Ȼɨɟ ʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ Ɏ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɉɫʀɨɩɥɬɷɥɛ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɛ Ⱦɝʀɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɪʀɝɥɮɦɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɛ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɣ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ʀ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ȼɫɛɢɣɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɪʀɝɥɮɦɺ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɢɣɧɩɝɣɰ ɧʀɬɺɱʀɝ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ Ɍ ɟɩ Ɍ ɛ ɦʀɭɨʀɰ ³ ɝʀɟ Ɍ ɟɩ Ɍ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɧɧ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ʁɰ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɝ ɦʀɭɨʀɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɰɣɦɛɰ Ⱦɝʀɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɭɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɩɪɛɟɣ ɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ Ƚʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɝ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ Ɏ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ȼɫɛɢɣɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ Ɇɛ Ɋɦɛɭɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɣ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ Ȼɨɟ Ɏ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɩɧʀɭɨɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɱɺ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɢɛ ɬɠɢɩɨɛɧɣ ɫɩɥɮ ɦʀɭɩ Ɍ ɢɣɧɛ Ɍ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɧɧ ɛ ɨɛ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ ³ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɧɧ ɧɛɦ ɇɛɤɡɠ ɝɬʀ ɩɪɛɟɣ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɮɦʀɭɥɮ ɢɛ ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩɧ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɰɣɦʀɝ ȼɫɛɢɣɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ʀ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ Ɏ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɲʀɭɥɩ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɛɥʀ ɭɣɪɣ ɥɦʀ-
Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ
ɋ Ʌ Ȼ Ʉ Ɍ ɑ Ʌ ɋ ȼ ɀ Ʌ Ƚ Ɇɿɫɹɰɿ
Ɇɚɥ Ʉɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɞɿɚɝɪɚɦɚ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɨɝɨɝɨ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ
Ɇɚɥ Ɍɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɣ ɰɢɤɥɨɧ ɧɚ ɩɿɜɧɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ
Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ
ɧɛɭʀɝ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɤ ɪɫɣɛɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɧɛɦ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞʀɫɨɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ Ȼɨɟ ɢ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɺɬɛɧɣ ʀ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ɍɛɧɠ ɭɮɭ ɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛɰ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɠ ɨɛɤɬɮɰʀɳɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ³ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɺ Ȼɭɛɥɛɧɛ ɧɛɦ ɉɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɪɩɧʀɫɆɚɥ ɉɭɫɬɟɥɹ Ⱥɬɚɤɚɦɚ ɧɚ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɿ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɨɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭʀɝ Ɍɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɩɰɩɪ ɦɹɾ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɧʀɡ ʀ ɪɟ ɳ ɂɣɧɛ ɭɛɧ ɭɠɪɦɛ Ɍ ɦɦ ɦɦ ɋ ɋ Ɍ ɦʀɭɩ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɠ Ɍ Ɍ Ƚɢɣɧɥɮ ɢ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɪɫɩɨɣɥɛɹɭɷ ɰɩɦɩɟɨʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɝɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɲɩɞɩ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɩɲɛɬɨʀ ɫʀɢ ɥʀ ɪɩɰɩɦɩɟɛɨɨɺ ɉɪɛɟʀɝ ³ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɧɧ ɪɫɣɲɩɧɮ ʁɰɨɺ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɢɧɠɨɳɮ ɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɝʀɟ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɟɩ Ȼɨɟ ɛɦɠ ɝ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ³ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɧɧ Ɏ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩ ɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɝɣɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɹɭɷ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɥɩɨ ɋ Ʌ Ȼ Ʉ Ɍ ɑ Ʌ ɋ ȼ ɀ Ʌ Ƚ ɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɮ ɱɠɨɭɫʀ ʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɆɿɫɹɰɿ ɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ʀɢ ɬɮɰɣɧ ɦʀɭɩɧ ʀ ɝɩɦɩɞɩɹ ɢɣɧɩɹ ɨɛ Ɇɚɥ Ʉɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɞɿɚɝɪɚɦɚ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɧɛɦ ɫɟɪɟɞɡɟɦɧɨɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɍɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɴɩ ɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɟ ɳ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɧɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɟɠ ɲʀɭɥɩ ɝɣɺɝɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɢɛ ɪɩɫɛɧɣ ɫɩɥɮ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɦʀɭɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ Ɍ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ³ Ɍ ɛ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ Ɍ ʀ Ɍ Ɏ ɬɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɪɛɨɮɾ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɬɮɰɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɫʀɲɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ³ ² ɧɧ ɢ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɹ ɢɣɧɩɹ ʀ ɭɠɪɦɣɧ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɳɣɧ ɦʀɭɩɧ Ɉɛ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ Ƚʀɨ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɝʀɭɫʀɝ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɧɧ Ɇɚɥ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɿ ɜɿɬɪɢ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɸɬɶ ɨɛ ɫʀɥ ɧɛɦ ɨɩɚɞɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɫɯɢɥɚɯ Ⱥɧɞ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ Ȼɨɟ Ƚ Ȼɨɟɛɰ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɢɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ Ɏ ɨɣɡɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɞʀɫ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɰ ɫʀɝɨɣɨ ɂ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɭɺɧ ɮ ɞɩɫɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɢɨɣɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɾ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɣɰ ɝɣɬɩɭɛɰ ʁɰ ɬɭɛɾ ɟɠɴɩ ɧɠɨɳɠ Ɍɰʀɟɨʀ ɬɰɣɦɣ Ȼɨɟ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɹɭɷ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɨʀɡ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɮɪɣɨɺɹɭɷ ɭɠɪɦʀ ɤ ɝɩɦɩɞʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɢ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ƚɣɬɩɥʀ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɣ ɞʀɫ ɝɥɫɣɭʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɛɧɣ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɬɮɝɩɫɣɧ ɾ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ Ȼɨɟ ɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺɰ ɩɭɩɲɠɨɣɰ ɰɫɠɜɭɛɧɣ ɟɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɬɮɰɠ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɠ ɢ ɧɛɦɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɴɩ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɮɦʀɭɥɮ ɍɮɭ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɨɛɤɬɮɰʀɳʀ ɭɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɟɨʀɳʀ ɨɛ ɡɣɝʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧɣ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɢ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɸɬɶ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɭ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ
Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" 2. əɤɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɬɟɱɿɣ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" 3. əɤɢɦɢ ɽ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɫɭɛɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɿɜ"
ɑɢɦ ɰɟ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɨ" 4. əɤ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ Ⱥɧɞ ɡɦɿɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɜɢɫɨɬɨɸ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ɓɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɝɨ ɭ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɿ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɿɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɉɿɜɞɟɧ ɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" 2. Ⱦɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɨ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ 3. Ɉɩɢɲɢ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɤɚɪɬ ɚɬɥɚɫɭ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɿɪ¶ɹ 4. ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚ Û ɩɞ ɲ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɡɢɦɤɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ Ûɋ ɚ ɧɚ ɰɿɣ ɫɚɦɿɣ ɲɢɪɨɬɿ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɰɿ ɫɹɝɚɽ Ûɋ"
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ
Ƚɩɟɣ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ȼɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" əɤɿ ɽ ɬɢɩɢ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɱɨɤ" əɤɿ ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɥɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɢ"
ɋʀɲɥɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ɝɩɟ Ƚɩɟɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɩɢɠɫɛɧɣ ɜɩɦɩɭɛɧɣ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɛɧɣ ȿɩɬɣɭɷ ɞɮɬɭɛ ɧɠɫɠɡɛ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɛ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɨɛ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɝɩɦɩɞɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɝɩɟɩɟʀɦɩɧ ɧʀɡ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɛɧɣ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ʀ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɾ Ȼɨɟɣ ɭɩ ɝɬʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɝ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ Ɏ ɍɣɰɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɨɠɬɮɭɷ ɝɩɟɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɥɩɫɩɭɥʀ ɨɠɪɫɣɟɛɭɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɬɮɟɨɩɪɦɛɝɬɭɝɛ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɧɛɦ ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɫʀɲɩɥ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɾ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɦɩɴʀ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨʀɬɭɷ Ɏɬʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɟɩɴɩɝɠ ɡɣɝɆɚɥ Ɉɞɧɚ ɡ ɪɿɱɨɤ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɭ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɦɠɨɨɺ ɭɩɧɮ ɭʀ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɴɩ ɭɠɲɮɭɷ ɮ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɬɠɢɩɨɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɟɩɴʀɝ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɮɢɣɧɥɮ ɟɮɡɠ ɧʀɦʀɹɭɷ ɛ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ ɫɩɢɦɣɝɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɝɣɰɩɟɺɭɷ ʀɢ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɋʀɲɥɛ ɞʀɞɛɨɭ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨɥɛ ³ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ2 ʀ ɨɛɤɜɛɞɛɭɩɝɩɟɨʀɳɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɧɛɦ ɛ ɤ ɮɬʀɾʁ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɮɦʀ ɚɥɴɩ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɣ ɢɛ ɝɣɭʀɥ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨɥɣ ɫʀɲɥɮ ɇɛɫɛɨɷɤɩɨ ɭɩ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɛ ʁʁ ɟɩɫʀɝɨɹɾ ɥɧ ɂ ɝɣɭɩɥɩɧ Ɏɥɛɺɦʀ ʁʁ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɥɧ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨɥɛ ɭɠɲɠ ɪɩ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨʀɤ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɬɭʀ ɢ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨɣɧ ɪɩɰɣɦɩɧ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɧɛɾ ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɮ ɭɠɲʀɹ ɤ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɾ ɜɠɢɦʀɲ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɭɛ ɧɛɦɣɰ Ɇɚɥ Ȼɚɫɟɣɧ Ⱥɦɚɡɨɧɤɢ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɢ Ⱥɦɚɡɨɧɤɚ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɸɽ ɜɟɥɢɱɟɡɧɿ ɩɥɨɳɿ ɥɿɫɿɜ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɨɞɨɫɩɚɞ ȱɝɭɚɫɭ ² ɨɞɧɟ ɿɡ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɢɯ ɱɭɞɟɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɨɞɨɫɩɚɞ Ⱥɧɯɟɥɶ
ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɪɫɩɭɩɥ ʀ ɬɭɛɫɣɱɷ Ⱦɦɣɜɣɨɛ ʁʁ ɮ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ³ ʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɧ ɛ ɳɣɫɣɨɛ ³ ɥɧ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ ʀ ɟɩ ɥɧ ³ ɮ ɨɣɡɨʀɤ ɑɠ ɟɛɾ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɧ ɬɮɟɨɛɧ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɭɣɬɷ ɮɞɩɫɮ ɪɩ ɫʀɲɱʀ ɨɛ ɬɩɭɨʀ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨɥɛ ɪɫɣɤɧɛɾ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɪɫɣɭɩɥ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɠ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨɩɹ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɫʀɲɥɛɧɣ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ƚɩɨɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɝɩɟɨɛ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɛɦɠ ɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɠ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɭɺ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɝɩɟɣ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɜɠɫɠɢɨʀ ɥɝʀɭɨʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɫɛɝʀ ɪɫɣɭɩɥɣ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɟɩɴʀɝ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɮɹɭɷ ʁʁ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɨɛ ² ɧ ɧɛɦ Ɋɛɫɛɨɛ ȿɫɮɞɛ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɫʀɲɥɛ ³ Ɋɛɫɛɨɛ ȳʁ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɠɨɠ ɞɣɫɦɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɋʀɩ ɟɠ Ɇɛ Ɋɦɛɭɛ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ɇɛ Ɋɦɛɭɛ Ɉɛ ɪɫɣɭɩɱʀ Ɋɛɫɛɨɣ ³ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ȳɞɮɛɬɮ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɩɟɣɨ ɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟʀɝ ɴɩ ɧɛɾ ɳɣɫɣɨɮ ɥɧ ɭɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ʀɢ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟʀɝ Ƚɣɬɩɭɛ ɪɛɟʀɨɨɺ ɝɩɟɣ ɮ ɨɣɰ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɾ ɧ ɧɛɦ ɉɫʀɨɩɥɩ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɫʀɲɥɩɹ ɾ ɉɫʀɨɩɥɩ ȳʁ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɭɛ ɨɣɡɨɺ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɟɮɡɠ ɢɫɮɲɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɬɮɟɨɩ ɪɦɛɝɬɭɝɛ Ɏ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɉɫʀɨɩɥɩ ɺɥ ʀ Ɋɛɫɛɨɣ ɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɭɩɥɛɰ ɴɩ ɜɠɫɮɭɷ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ʀɢ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ʁɝ ɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɫɩɞʀɝ Ɉɛ ɩɟɨʀɤ ʀɢ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɪɫɣɭɩɥ ɫʀɲɱʀ ɒɮɫɮɨ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɣɤ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟ ɬɝʀɭɮ ³ Ȼɨɰɠɦɷ ɧ ɧɛɦ
ɉɢɠɫɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ
Ɇɚɥ Ɉɡɟɪɨ Ɍɿɬɿɤɚɤɚ
ɉɢɠɫɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɩɢɠɫ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɧɛɦɩ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ʁɰ ɝ Ȼɨɟɛɰ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ³ ɨɛɤɝɣɬɩɥɩɞʀɫɨʀɳɠ ɩɢɠɫɩ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ³ ɍʀɭʀɥɛɥɛ ɧɛɦ Ɋɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɟɢɠɫɥɛɦɛ ɾ ɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɭʀ ɧ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɠ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɬɩɦɩɨɮɝɛɭɠ ɩɢɠɫɩ ɇɛɫɛɥɛɤɜɩ ³ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɩɢɠɫɩ ɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɥɧñ Ɋʀɟɢɠɧɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ ʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ ɍɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɠɨɛ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨɣɧɣ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɠɨʀ ɝ ɪɫɩɞɣɨɛɰ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɛɰ Ɉɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɾ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ Ɇɚɥ Ʌɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɢ Ⱥɧɞ ɞɚɸɬɶ ɧɛɦ ȳɰ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɝ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɪɿɱɤɚɦ Ȼɨɟ ɟɠ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɰɩɦɩɟɨʀɳɣɤ ɨʀɡ ɝ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɭɛ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɞʀɫ ɍɮɭ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɞʀɞɛɨɭɬɷɥɣɤ Ɋɛɭɛɞɩɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɴɣɭ ɨɛ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɬɪɮɬɥɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɒɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɴɣɭɛ ³ Ɉɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɛɫɥ Ɇɩɬ Ⱦɦɛɬɷɺɫɠɬ ɢɛɨɠɬɠɨɣɤ ɟɩ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɷɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɑɢɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɪɿɱɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɿɜ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟ
ɚɧɿɜ" 2. ɑɨɦɭ Ⱥɦɚɡɨɧɤɚ ɽ ɩɨɜɧɨɜɨɞɧɨɸ ɰɿɥɢɣ ɪɿɤ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɚ ɪɨɡɥɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɣ
ɛɿɥɶɲɟ" 3. ɓɨ ɩɪɢɜɚɛɥɸɽ ɬɭɪɢɫɬɿɜ ɡ ɭɫɶɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɧɚ ɪɿɱɤɚɯ ɉɚɪɚɧɚ ɬɚ Ɉɪɿɧɨɤɨ" 4. əɤɿ ɧɚɣɜɿɞɨɦɿɲɿ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɽ ɜ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɿɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɰɿ"
A
5. Ⱦɟ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɿ ɥɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɢ"
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɽ ɞɭɠɟ ɦɚɥɨ ɪɿɱɨɤ ɿɡ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɚɦɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɭ" Ⱦɟ ɜɨɧɢ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿ" 2. ɋɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɿɱɤɢ Ⱥɦɚɡɨɧɤɢ ȼɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɜɿɧ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ"
E
3. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɪɿɱɤɢ Ⱥɦɚɡɨɧɤɭ ɬɚ Ʉɨɧɝɨ əɤɿ ʀɯɧɿ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɿ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɿ ɪɢɫɢ" ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɝɩɦɩɞʀ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɬɛɝɛɨɣ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɡɚɡɜɢɱɚɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɿɜ ɠɚɪɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɭ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹ" ȼɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɜ ɦɟ ɠɚɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɡɨɧɢ"
Ɇʀɬɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ Ƚɩɦɩɞɣɤ ʀ ɭɠɪɦɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ³ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ Ɏ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ɢ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɨɨɺɧ ɝɩɦɩɞɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɫɩɢɪɩɝɬɹɟɡɠɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɧɛɦ ʀ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɧɛɦɩ Ʌɿɫɢ ɠɚɪɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɭ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɋɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɤ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɴɠ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ Ⱦɩɨɟɝɛɨɛ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɝɬɺ ʀɢɩɌɢɯɢɣ ɦɷɩɝɛɨɩ Ɍɛɧɠ ɱɣɧ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɠ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɯɦɩɫɛ ɨɤɟɚɧ ʀ ɯɛɮɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɠɨɟɠɧʀɲɨɣɰ ɝɣɟʀɝ Ɍɠɦɷɝɛɬ Ɋɩ ɩɜɣɟɝɛ ɜɩɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɢɩɨɛ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɠɥɅɿɫɢ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɦɿɪ ɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɬɠɦɷɝɛɬ ɺɥɛ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɾ ɨɤɟɚɧ ɧɨɝɨ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨɬɷɥɮ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɮ ʀ ɪɫɣɦɠɞɦʀ ɟɩ ɨɠʁ ɬɰɣɩɨɹɫɭ ɦɣ Ȼɨɟ ɭɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ɍɣɰɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ɍɦɩɝɩ ©ɬɠɦɷɝɛª ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ©ɦʀɬª Ɏ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬɛɰ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ɇɚɥ Ʌɿɫɢ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɨɠɫʀɟɥɩ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɧɛ ɺɫɮɬɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛɤɝɣ ɴɣɤ ɺɫɮɬ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɬɭɩɝɜɮɫɨɣɰ ɪɛɦɷɧ ɥɫɩɨɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɪʀɟɨɩɬɺɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ² ɧ ɝɠɦɠɭɠɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɯʀɥɮɬʀɝ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɢ ʁɬɭʀɝɨɣɧɣ ɞɩɫʀɰɛɧɣ Ɉɣɡɲɠ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɞɠɝɠʁ ³ ɥɛɮɲɮɥɩɨɩɬɨʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɨɣɢɷɥɩɫɩɬɦʀ ɪɛɦɷɧɣ ɳɩɥɩ ɦɛɟɨɠ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɥɛɥɛɩ ɥɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɪɦɩɟɣ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɛɧɩɧɮ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫʀ ɟɣɨɨɠ ʀ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɠ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɩɫɰʀɟɠʁ ɭɛ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɦʀɛɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɩɜɝɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫɣ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɟɠɫɠɝ Ɏ ɨɛɢɠɧ ɨɩɧɮ ɺɫɮɬʀ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɪɛɪɩɫɩɭʀ ɛ ɝ ɭɣɰɣɰ ɢɛɝɩɟɺɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ³ ɦɛɭɛɭɭɺ ɝʀɥɭɩɫʀɺ ɫɠɞʀɺ ɧɛɦ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɮɬʀɰ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɮɦʀ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ³ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɾ ɛɡ ɧ ɮ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɲɨɣɥɮ Ƚɬɠ ɱɠ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɫɩɢɧɛʁɭɭɺ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɬɠɦɷɝɛɬɮ ɫɩɬɭɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɨɛ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩ ɡɩɝɭɣɰ ɯɠɫɛɦʀɭɨɣɰ ʊɫɮɨɭɛɰ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ
Ɇɚɥ Ʌɿɜɨɪɭɱ ɫɟɥɶɜɚɫ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɪɚɜɨɪɭɱ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɲɿ ɩɬɚɯɢ ɜ ɫɜɿɬɿ ² ɤɨɥɿɛɪɿ ɥɿɧɢɜɟɰɶ ɜɿɤɬɨɪɿɹ ɪɟɝɿɹ
Ȳɢ ɭɫɛɝɩʁɟɨɣɰ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɮ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɝɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɭɛɪʀɫɣ ɧɛɦ ɢ ɰɣɡɛɥʀɝ ³ ɺɞɮɛɫ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɾ ɧɮɫɛɰɩʁɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɟɠɫɠɝɛɰ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɦʀɨɣɝɱʀ ɟɣɝ ɧɛɦ ʀ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɧɛɝɪɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɫɠɝɮɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɝɫɛɨɱʀ ɭɛ ɝɝɠɲɠɫʀ ɨɛɪɩɝɨɹɹɭɷ ɦʀɬ ɞɮɲɨɣɧɣ ɥɫɣɥɛɧɣ Ɍɥɫʀɢɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɩ ɢɛɜɛɫɝɦɠɨɣɰ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɪɛɪɮɞ ʀ ɥɫɣɰʀɭɨɣɰ ɥɩɦʀɜɫʀ ɧɛɦ ɜɠɢɦʀɲ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɰ ɧɠɭɠɦɣɥʀɝ ɬɝʀɭɨɣɰ ɡɮɥʀɝ ɧɮɫɛɳɩɥ ɭɛ ɭɠɫɧʀɭʀɝ Ɏ ɫʀɲɥɛɰ ɝɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɲɠɫɠɪɛɰɣ ʀ ɥɫɩɥɩɟɣɦɣ ɥɛɤɧɛɨɣ ɝɩɟɺɨɣɤ ɮɟɛɝ ³ ɛɨɛɥɩɨɟɛ ɴɩ ɾ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɢɧʀɾɹ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɢɛɝɟɩɝɡɥɣ ² ɧ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɫɣɜ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɰɣɡɣɰ Ɉɠɝɠɦɣɲɥʀ ɫɣɜɥɣ ɪʀɫɛɨɷʁ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɨɠɨɛɡɠɫɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ ɪɠɫɠɝɠɫɳɮɹɭɷ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɛɥɮɦ ɂɞɫɛɺ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɞɩɦɩɟɨɣɰ ɫɣɜ ɧɩɡɠ ɢɛ ɦʀɲɠɨʀ ɬɠɥɮɨɟɣ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɭɝɛɆɚɥ Ɍɪɚɜɨʀɞɧɚ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɚ ɬɚɩɿɪ ɫɣɨɣ ɺɥɛ ɢɛɤɳɦɛ ɮ ɝɩɟɮ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɥʀɬɭɺɥ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ɇɚɥ Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɶɫɶɤɚ ɫɚɜɚɧɚ
Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɪɚɭɤɚɪɿɹ
Ɇɷɺɨɩɬ ʀ ɥɛɧɪɩɬ Ɋɩ ɩɜɣɟɝɛ ɜɩɥɣ ɢɩɨɣ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɬɛɝɛɨɣ ʀ ɫʀɟɥɩɦʀɬɬɺ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɉɫʀɨɩɥɬɷɥɮ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɮ ɟɠ ʁɰ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɦɷɺɨɩɬ ʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ȼɫɛɢɣɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɟɠ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɥɛɧɪɩɬ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɬɛɝɛɨɛɰ ɭɫɛɪɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɭɫɛɝɣ ɢ ɝɮɢɷɥɣɧ ɡɩɫɬɭɥɣɧ ɦɣɬɭɺɧ ɝɥɫɣɭɣɧ ɝɩɬɥɩɝɩɹ ɪɦʀɝɥɩɹ ȿɠɫɠɝɛ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɧɣ ɞɫɮɪɛɧɣ ɛɜɩ ɝɮɢɷɥɣɧɣ ɬɧɮɞɛɧɣ ɮɢɟɩɝɡ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɞɛɦɠɫɠɤɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɨɛɤɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀɳʀ ɪɛɦɷɧɣ ɧɣɫɭɣ ɧʀɧɩɢɣ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ȼɫɛɢɣɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ³ ɥɛɥɭɮɬɣ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɬɛɝɛɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɮ ɫʀɟɥɩɦʀɬɬɺ ɢ ɥɩɦɹɲɣɧɣ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɍɛɧ ɫɩɬɭɠ ɥɠɜɫɛɲɩ ³ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɢ ɨɛɟɢɝɣ ɲɛɤɨɩ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɹ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɩɹ Ɉɛɢɝɛ ©ɥɠɜɫɛɲɩª ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ©ɢɦɛɧɛɤ ɬɩɥɣɫɮª Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɰɣɦɛɰ ȼɫɛɢɣɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɟɠ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɺɥʀ ɬɰɩɡʀ ɨɛ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɛɦɠ ɨɠ ɭɛɥʀ ɫɩɢɥʀɳɨʀ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɢ ɛɫɛɮɥɛɫʀɤ ɧɛɦ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɭɫɛɝɩʁɟɨɣɰ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɮ ɬɛɝɛɨɛɰ ɨɠɧɛɾ Ɂɣɝɮɭɷ ɭɮɭ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɟɣɥʀ ɬɝɣɨʀ ³ ɪɠɥɛɫʀ ɭɛɪʀɫɣ ɺɞɮɛɫɣ ɪɮɧɣ ɜɫɩɨɠɨɩɬɱʀ ɧɛɦ
G Ɇɚɥ Ȼɪɨɧɟɧɨɫɟɰɶ
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ
1. ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɥɿɫɿɜ"
2. ɑɨɦɭ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɧɢɣ ɬɚ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɧɢɣ ɫɜɿɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɦɚɽ ɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ" 3. əɤɿ ɡ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɪɨɫɥɢɧ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɥɿɫɿɜ ɩɪɢɠɢɥɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɦɚɬɟ
ɪɢɤɚɯ"
A
4. ɇɚɡɜɢ ɧɚɣɬɢɩɨɜɿɲɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ɑɢɦ ɪɿɡɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɥɿɫɢ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" 2. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɫɚɜɚɧɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɶ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ əɤɚ ʀɯɧɹ ɨɫ ɧɨɜɧɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɿɫɬɶ"
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ȼ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɬɭɠɪɣ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɭɛ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɛ Ȼɨɟ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤɿ ɡ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɫɭɛɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɬɚ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨɦɭ ɤɥɿɦɚ ɬɢɱɧɢɦ ɩɨɹɫɚɦ" ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɚɯ ɪɨɫɬɭɬɶ ɿɧɲɿ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɢ ɧɿɠ ɛɿɥɹ ɩɿɞɧɿɠɠɹ ɝɿɪ" ɇɚ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɫɨɬɚɯ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɧɿɝɨɜɚ ɥɿɧɿɹ" Ⱦɟ ɜɨɧɚ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɢɠɱɟ ɚ ɞɟ ² ɜɢɳɟ"
Ɋɩɬɮɳɦɣɝʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ Ɋɛɧɪɛ Ɍɛɝɛɨɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɮ ɢɩɨɮ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɬɭɠɪʀɝ Ɏ ɨɣɡɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ɋɛɫɛɨɣ ɬɭɠɪ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɛɧɪɩɹ Ɋɛɧɪɛ ɝɥɫɣɭɛ ɥɩɝɣɦɩɹ ɪɛɧɪɛɬɩɝɩɹ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɭɫɛɝɛɧɣ ɛ ɪɩɟɠɥɮɟɣ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɛɧɣ Ɏ ɨɣɢɣɨɛɰ ɭɫɛɪɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɲɠɫɠɭɺɨʀ ɜɩɦɩɭɛ Ɉɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɣɰ ɬɭɠɪɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɛɰ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɣ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɬɭɩɬɩɝɛɨʀ ɟɩ ɳɝɣɟɥɩɞɩ ɜʀɞɮ ³ ɪɛɧɪɛɬɨɣɤ ɩɦɠɨɷ ɪɛɧɪɛɬɨɛ ɥʀɳɥɛ ʀɢ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ³ ɬɭɫɛɮɬ ɨɛɨɟɮ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɬɭɠɪɛɰ ɟɮɡɠ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɞɫɣɢɮɨʀɝ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɞɛɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɭɛ ɩɢɠɫ ɝɩɟɣɭɷɬɺ ɨɮɭɫʀɺ ɑɷɩɞɩ ɱʀɨɨɩɞɩ ɰɮɭɫɩɝɩɞɩ ɢɝʀɫɛ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɮɬɪʀɳɨɩ ɛɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɢɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɰ Ɋɛɧɪɛ ɾ ɟɮɡɠ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɦɣɝɩɹ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɾɹ ɟɦɺ ɪɛɬɩɝɣɴ ɨɛ ʁʁ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɛɰ ɝɣɪɛɬɛɹɭɷ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ Ɇɚɥ ɋɬɪɚɭɫ ɧɚɧɞɭ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɚɦɩɭ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɹɤ ɩɚɫɨɜɢɳɚ
Ɇɚɥ ɇɚɩɿɜɩɭɫɬɟɥɹ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɭɫɬɟɥɹ Ⱥɬɚɤɚɦɚ
Ɇɚɥ ɑɢɥɿɣɫɶɤɿ ɤɟɞɪɢ
ɞɩɦʀɝ ɰɮɟɩɜɣ ɧɛɦ Ɍɰʀɟɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɬɭɠɪɮ ɴɩ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɝɩɦɩɞʀ ³ ɱɠ ɩɫɨʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɨɛ ɥɩɭɫɣɰ ɝɣɫɩɴɮɹɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫ ɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ³ ɥɮɥɮɫɮɟɢɣ ɭɛ ɪɳɠɨɣɱʀ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɫɩɢɩɫɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ ʀɢ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩɹ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨʀɬɭɹ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɩ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɪɛɧɪɛ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɮ ɬɮɰʀ ɬɭɠɪɣ ʀ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɝɥɫɣɭʀ ɫʀɟɥɣɧɣ ɡɩɫɬɭɥɣɧɣ ɭɫɛɝɛɧɣ ɥɩɦɹɲɣɧɣ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥɛɧɣ ʀ ɨɣɢɷɥɩɫɩɬɦɣɧɣ ɥɛɥɭɮɬɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ ɍɮɭ ɝɩɟɣɭɷɬɺ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɭɫɛɝɩʁɟɨɛ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɛ ɞɮɛɨɛɥɩ Ɋɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ɉɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɰ ɡɛɫɥʀ ɭɛ ɬɮɰʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɠɨʀ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ Ɏ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɱɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɛ ɢɩɨɛ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɟɩɝɞɛ ɭɛ ɝɮɢɷɥɛ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɧɮɞɩɹ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɢ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɲɣ ɝʀɟ ɪɟ ɳ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɟɩ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɪɟ ɳ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɩɹ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɾ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɛ Ɋɠɫɮɛɨɬɷɥɛ ɭɠɲʀɺ ɴɩ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɮɢɟɩɝɡ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ʀ ɢɧɠɨɳɮɾ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɒɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ ɱʀɾʁ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷɨɩʁ ɬɧɮɞɣ ɾ ʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɺ Ȼɭɛɥɛɧɛ ³ ɩɟɨɠ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɬɮɰʀɳɣɰ ɧʀɬɱɷ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɍɮɭ ɫɩɥɛɧɣ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɨɠ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɭɣ ɟɩɴʀ ɧɛɦ Ɇʀɬɣ ʀ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥɣ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ɍɫɩɰɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ Ȼɭɛɥɛɧɣ ɟɠ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɳɣɤ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɦɣɬɭʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɭɛ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥɣ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨɛ ɢɩɨɛ ɧʀɳɛɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɥɫɛɤɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɛ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ Ƚɩɞɨɺɨɛ ɂɠɧɦɺ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɰɝɩɤɨɣɰ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɭɣɪɩɝɣɧɣ ɾ ɛɫɛɮɥɛɫʀʁ ɲɣɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɥɠɟɫɣ ɧɛɦ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɣ Ȼɨɟ Ƚɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɣɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ Ȼɨɟ Ȼɨɟɣ ³ ɩɟɨɛ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɪɫɩɭɺɡɨʀɳɣɰ ɮ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɣɬɭɠɧ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɍɩɧɮ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ ɭɮɭ ɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ɨɠɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɛ ɢɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ɢ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɢɛ ɳɣɫɩɭɩɹ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɢ ɪʀɟɤɩɧɩɧ ɮ ɞɩɫɣ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɝ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ɢɨɣɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɬɭɛɾ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɭɩ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɢɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɤ ɭɛ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɝɣɬɩɭɮ Ȼɨɟ ɝɣɬɩɭɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɮɭ ɪɫɩɬɦʀɟɥɩɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɮɡɠ ɟɩɜɫɠ Ɉɛɤɥɫɛɴɠ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɰ Ȼɨɟɛɰ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɣɦʀ ɞʀɫ ɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɭʀ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷ ɭɛɥʀ ɝɣɬɩɭɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɝɩɦɩɞʀ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɟɩ ɧ ɢ ɜɛɨɛɨɛɧɣ ɟɠɫɠɝɩɧ ɥɛɥɛɩ ɥɛɮɲɮɥɩɨɩɬɛɧɣ ɯʀɥɮɬɛɧɣ ɪɛɦɷɧɛɧɣ ɦʀɛɨɛɧɣ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɟɩ ɧ ɢ ɜɛɧɜɮɥɩɧ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɩɹ ɪɛɪɩɫɩɭɭɹ ɰʀɨɨɣɧ ɟɠɫɠɝɩɧ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥɩɧ ɥɩɦɛ ɦʀɛɨɛɧɣ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞʀɫɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɟɩ ɧ ɢ ɨɣɢɷɥɩɫɩɬɦɣɧɣ ɝɣɥɫɣɝɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɟɠɫɠɝɛɧɣ ʀ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞʀɫɨʀ ɦɮɥɣ ³ ɪɛɫɛɧɩɬ ɟɩ ɧ ɝɥɫɣɭʀ ɢɦɛɥɩɝɩɹ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨʀɬɭɹ ʀ ɧɩɰɛɧɣ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɪɩɺɬ ³ ɬɨʀɞɩɝɣɤ ɧɛɦ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀ Ȼɨɟɣ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀ Ȼɨɟɣ ³ ɨɛɤɳɣɫɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɞʀɫ ʀɢ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣɧɣ ɪɦɩɬɥɩ ɞʀɫ·ɺɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɮɨɛɧɣ. ɉɟɨɛ ʀɢ ɨɣɰ ³ Ȼɦɷɭɣɪɦɛɨɩ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɜɠɢɬɭʀɲɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ Ɋɩɬɮɳɦɣɝɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɬɪɫɣɺɾ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɹ ɬɩɦɩɨɲɛɥʀɝ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ³ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɷɩ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɤ Ɍɛɦɛɫ ɟɠ Ɏɹɨʀ ɧɛɦ ɴɩ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɪɩɥɦɛɟʀɝ ɬɩɦʀ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɑɺ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɢɛɨɠɬɠɨɛ ɟɩ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ
ɋɧɿɝɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɦ
ȼɢɫɨɤɨɝɿɪɧɿ ɥɭɤɢ ɦ
ȼɢɫɨɤɨɝɿɪɧɿ ɥɿɫɢ ɦ
Ƚɿɪɫɶɤɿ ɥɿɫɢ ɦ
ȼɨɥɨɝɿ ɫɭɛɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɥɿɫɢ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɢɫɨɬɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ Ⱥɧɞ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɢɫɨɤɨɝɿɪɧɿ ɥɭɤɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɨɫ ɿ ɫɧɿɝɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ Ⱥɧɞ
Ɇɚɥ ɋɨɥɨɧɱɚɤ ɋɚɥɚɪ ɞɟ ɍɸɧɿ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀ Ȼɨɟɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀ Ȼɨɟɣ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɧ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɩɧ ɢɦɠɟɠɨʀɨɨɺ ɨɣɢɷɥɣɧ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺɧ ɬɨʀɞɩɝɩʁ ɦʀɨʀʁ ɍɮɭ ɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɧɛɦɷɩɝɨɣɲɣɰ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɴɩ ɬɪɮɬɥɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɑʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ³ ɮɦɹɜɦɠɨɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɭɮɫɣɬɭʀɝ ɭɛ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥʀɝ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɩɨ ɍɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ Ȼɨɟ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɜʀɟɨɣɤ ɍɮɭ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɪɠɫɳ ɢɛ ɝɬɠ ɦɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɟɛɝɨɛ ɪɫɣɫɮɲɠɨʀ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ ʀ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ɝ·ɹɲɨʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɣ ɧɛɦ Ɇɚɥ Ʌɚɦɚ Ɍɝʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɦɛɧɮ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɛɦɷɪɛɥɩɹ Ƚɩɨɛ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɮɾ ɬɪɠɥɮ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɥɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɟɛɾ ɧɩɦɩɥɩ ɭɛ ɝɩɝɨɮ Ɍɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɧ ɬɣɧɝɩɦɩɧ Ȼɨɟ ɾ ɪɭɛɰ ɥɩɨɟɩɫ ɫɩɢɧɛɰ ɥɫɣɦ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɧ Ƚɩɟɣɭɷɬɺ ɭɮɭ ʀ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɞɫɣɢɮɨ ɳɣɨɳɣɦɛ ʀɢ ɟɮɡɠ ɱʀɨɨɣɧ ɰɮɭɫɩɧ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɠ ɪɩɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɩ ɟɩ ɢɨɛɲɨɩɞɩ ɢɧɠɨɳɠɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɣɬɠɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɀɨɟɠɧʀɲɨɣɧ ɝɣɟɩɧ ɴɩ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɾ ɪʀɟ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɩɹ ɾ ɩɲɥɩɝɣɤ ɝɠɟɧʀɟɷ ɧɛɦ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɢɧʀɨɠɨɛ Ɇɚɥ Ɉɱɤɨɜɢɣ ɜɟɞɦɿɞɶ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɢɨɣɴɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɦʀɬɣ ɨɛ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨʀ Ɋɣɭɛɨɨɺɧɣ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɢɛɤɧɛɭɣɬɺ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɨɠɟɛɝɨɩ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;; ɬɭ Ɍɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɛɫɥɣ ɭɛ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɥɣ Ɋɦɩɴɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɩɩɰɩɫɩɨɨɣɰ ɟʀɦɺɨɩɥ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɑɨɦɭ ɩɚɦɩɚ ɽ ɫɩɪɢɹɬɥɢɜɨɸ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɽɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪ
ɫɬɜɚ" 2. ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɜɿɞ
ɿɧɲɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ" 3. əɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿ ɜ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɹɫɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" 4. ɇɚɡɜɢ ɧɚɣɬɢɩɨɜɿɲɿ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɢ ɬɚ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɢ ɩɚɦɩɢ ɣ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟ
ɪɢɤɢ 5. əɤ ɡɦɿɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ Ⱥɧɞ ɡ ɜɢɫɨɬɨɸ ɬɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɨɸ"
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ɑɢɦ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɢ ɩɚɦɩ ɬɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɨɫɿɜ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" 2. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɬɟɱɿɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɡɚɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɣ ɫɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ʀɯɧɹ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɚ ɜ ɱɨɦɭ ² ɜɿɞ ɦɿɧɧɿɫɬɶ"
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
Ɍɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤɿ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ" əɤɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɽ ɡɚɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɋɩɢɫɤɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɿɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɬɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ"
Ɍɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ ɔɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɦɠɞɠɨɺɧɣ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɣ" Ɉɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɺɥ ʀ ɨɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɰ ʀɬɨɮɾ ɫɺɟ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧ Ɉɛɝʀɭɷ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ ɛɧɛɢɩɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɟɠ ɾ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɥɮɟɣ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɬɭɮɪɛɦɛ ɨɩɞɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɝʀɟɲɮɭɨɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ȼɛɬɠɤɨ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨɥɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ©ɦɠɞɠɨɺɧɣ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɣª ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɱʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɮɹɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɥɣɬɨɹ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɱʀɨɨʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɣ ʁɰ ɝɣɫɮɜɮɹɭɷ ɧɛɦ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɢɪɭɛɤɚ ² ɰɟ ɧɿɛɢ ɪɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɿɥɿ ɜɿɱɧɨɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɚɦɚɡɨɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɥɿɫɭ
ÉŠÉˆÉ ČžČąÉ… ȹȹ ɆɚɏÉ&#x;ɪɢɤɢ ɏɪɨɊɿɹɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɏ
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Ɇɚɼ ɉɚɧɏɚɧɚɼ ȟɢÉ?ɼɚɞ ÉĄ ÉœÉ˘ÉŤÉ¨ÉŹÉ˘
ɎɨʀɼɛɌɡɨʀ ÉŞÉŤÉŁÉŤÉŠÉ&#x;ɨʀ ÉŠÉœÂˇÉžÉĽÉÉŁ ɉÉ&#x;ɨʀɞɚ ɢ ɨɛɤÉ?Ę€É&#x;Ɋɧʀɳɣɰ ɢɛɪɊÉ?Ę€É&#x;ɨɣɰ ÉÉ ÉŤÉŁÉɊɍʀɤ Éž ÉĽÉŠÉ§ÉŞÉŚÉ ÉĽÉŹ ɢɛɪɊÉ?Ę€É&#x;ɨɣɼʀÉ? ÉąÉ É¨ÉÉŤÉ›ÉŚÉˇÉ¨ÉŠĘ ČťÉ§É›É˘ÉŠÉ¨Ę€Ę É&#x;É ÉŠÉ°ÉŠÉŤÉŠÉ¨ÉşÉšÉɡɏɺ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ÉÉ ÉŤÉŁÉÉŠÉŤĘ€Ę ÉɍɊɪʀɲɨɣɰ É&#x;ÉŠÉ´ÉŠÉ?ÉŁÉ° ɌʀɏʀÉ? Ɉɛ ÉÉ ÉŤÉŁÉÉŠÉŤĘ€Ę ČźÉŤÉ›É˘ÉŁÉŚĘ€Ę ÉŤÉŠÉ˘ÉɛɳɊÉ?ɛɨɛ É¨É›É¤ÉœĘ€ÉŚÉˇÉłÉ› ÉŽ ÉŹÉ?Ę€ÉĘ€ ÉŠÉœÉŚÉ›ÉŹÉɡ ÉœÉŠÉŚĘ€É ÉŞÉŚÉŠÉŹÉĽÉŠÉŤĘ€É?ɨɣɨɨɣɤ ɌɛɨÉ&#x;ÉłÉ›ÉŻÉ É˘ É˛ÉŁÉŹÉŚÉ É¨É¨ÉŁÉ§ÉŁ ɍʀɲɼɛɧɣ ÉÉ› ɧʀɌɼɣɧɣ ÉŠÉ˘É ÉŤÉ›É§ÉŁ Âł ɊɛɨÉɛɨɛɌ ÉŞÉŠÉŤÉÉŽÉžÉ›ÉŚÉˇÉŹÉˇÉĽÉ ÉŹÉŚÉŠÉ?ÉŠ pântano Ɋɢɨɛɲɛɞ ÂŠÉœÉŠÉŚÉŠÉÉŠÂŞ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɴɩ ɧɛɾ ɪɦɩɴɮ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɭɣɬ ɥɧñ ɧɛɦ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛɭɩɪɦɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɬɠɢɩɨɮ ɟɩɴʀɝ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɝɥɫɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ȼʀɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɠ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɭɺ Ɋɛɨɭɛɨɛɦɮ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɠ ɍɮɭ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝɬʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ ɴɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɛɧɛɢɩɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɦʀɬɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɪɦɛɢɮɨʀɝ ɝɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɥɛɤɧɛɨɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɢɧʀɤ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɞʀɞɛɨɭɬɷɥɛ ɛɨɛɥɩɨɟɛ Ȳɢ ɬɬɛɝɱʀɝ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɫʀɲɥɩɝɛ ɝɣɟɫɛ ɭɛɪʀɫ ɺɞɮɛɫ ɞʀɞɛɨɭɬɷɥɣɤ ɟɣɥɩɜɫɛɢ ɥɛɪʀɜɛɫɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɭɺ ɧɛɝɪ ɬɩɭɨʀ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɤ ɭʀ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɦʀɭɛɹɭɷ ɬɹɟɣ ɢɣɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɢ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɉɥɫɠɧʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɪʀɟ ɢɛɞɫɩɢɩɹ ɝɣɧɣɫɛɨɨɺ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɞʀɛɱɣɨɭɩɝɣɤ ɛɫɛ ³ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɢ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɛɪɮɞ ɧɛɦ Ɇɹɜɣɭɠɦʀ ɥɦʀɭɥɩɝɣɰ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ɦɛɟɨʀ ɪɦɛɭɣɭɣ ɢɛ ɨɣɰ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɮ ɱʀɨɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɜɫɛɥɩɨɷɾɫɣ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɹɝɛɭɣ Ɍɮɧɨʀɝɨɩ ɴɩ ɱɠɤ ɪɭɛɰ ɢɧɩɡɠ ɨɛɟɛɦʀ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɭɣɬɺ Ȳɨɳɣɧɣ ɢɛɞɫɩɢɛɧɣ ɟɦɺ Ɋɛɨɭɛɨɛɦɮ ɾ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɝɩɟɣ ɝɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɪɫɩɥɦɛɟɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɯɭɩɪɫɩɝɩɟʀɝ ɥɛɨɛɦʀɝ ɭɛ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɉɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɛɫɥɣ ɍɛɦɛɧɪɛɺ ɭɛ Ȳɬɲʀʊɮɛɦɛɬɭɩ ɝ Ȼɫɞɠɨɭɣɨʀ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝ-
Ɇɚɥ Ƚɿɚɰɢɧɬɨɜɿ ɚɪɚ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? Ⱦɛɦɛɪɛɞɩɬɷɥɛ ɞʀɞɛɨɭɬɷɥɛ ɛɜɩ ɬɦɩɨɩɝɛ ɲɠɫɠɪɛɰɛ ³ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɛ ɬɮɰɩɪɮɭɨɛ ɲɠɫɠɪɛɰɛ ȿɩɫɩɬɦʀ ɩɬɩɜɣɨɣ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɝɛɡɣɭɣ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɥʀɦɩɞɫɛɧʀɝ ʀ ɧɛɭɣ ɫɩɢɧʀɫ ɟɩ ɧɠɭɫɛ ɢɛɝɟɩɝɡɥɣ
Ɇɚɥ Ɇɿɫɹɱɧɚ ɞɨɥɢɧɚ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɭʀ ɧ ɨɛɟ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɧɩɫɺ ɉɟɨɛ ɢ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɝʀɟɩɧɛ ɺɥ ɇʀɬɺɲɨɛ ɟɩɦɣɨɛ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɨɠɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɣɤ ɟɦɺ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ ɧɛɦ ɍɛɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨɩ ɨɛɤɬɭɛɫʀɳʀ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ ɢɛɦɣɳɥɣ ɟɣɨɩɢɛɝɫʀɝ ɬɥɛɧ·ɺɨʀɦʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɴɩ ɾ ɬɝʀɟɥɛɧɣ ɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩʁ ɜɛɞɛɭɩʁ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɧɠɢɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɠɫɣ Ⱦɛɦɛɪɛɞɩɬɷɥʀ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ ɧɛɦ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɢɛ ɥɧ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɝʀɟ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝ ɫɛɤɩɨʀ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ Ɍɥɦɛɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ʀɢ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɭɛ ɬɥɠɦɷ ȳɰɨɹ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨɮ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ ɝɣɝɲɛɝ ɒɛɫɦɢ ȿɛɫɝʀɨ ɍɛɧ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ³ ɞɛɦɛɪɛɞɩɬɷɥɛ ɬɮɰɩɪɮɭɨɛ ʀɞɮɛɨɛ ɞʀɞɛɨɭɬɷɥɛ ɲɠɫɠɪɛɰɛ ɞɛɦɛɪɛɞɩɬɷɥɣɤ ɪʀɨɞɝʀɨ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɦɠɝ ʀɢ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ³ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɯɫɠɞɛɭ ɝ·ɹɫɥɣ ɞɛɦɛɪɛɞɩɬɷɥɣɤ ɛɦɷɜɛɭɫɩɬ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥɮ ɢɛɞɫɩɢɮ ɟɦɺ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɭɷ ɢɛɝɠɢɠɨʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɝ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝʀɟɭʀɬɨɺɹɭɷ ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɨɠɬɛɨɥɱʀɩɨɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɝɣɦɩɝ ɫɣɜɣ ɛɝɛɆɚɥ Ƚɪɭɩɚ Ƚɚɥɚɩɚɝɨɫɶɤɢɯ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɿɜ ɫʀʁ ɨɛɯɭɩɝɣɰ ɭɛɨɥɠɫʀɝ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" 2. ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɿɜ ɡɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɯ ɞɨ ɋɩɢɫɤɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀ
ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ɍ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɡɚɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɣ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɚ ɜ ɹɤɢɯ ² ɦɟɧ ɲɟ" ɑɨɦɭ" 2. Ⱦɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɡ ȱɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɭ ɩɪɨ ɿɧɲɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɋɩɢɫɤɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ
F
Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɮɨʀɥɮɧɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɂɨɛɤɟɣ ɮ ɢɛɬɩɜɛɰ ɧɛɬɩɝɩʁ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ʀ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛɭɣɢɮɤ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɭɛ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ƚʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɭɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɢɞɫɮɪɮɤ ɢɛ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɪɦɛɨɩɧ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ɨɛɟ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɧɩɫɺ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɝʀɥ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɣ ɭɛ ʁɰ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ ɭɛ ɬɭɛɨ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɛ Ɋɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɬɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɤ ɢɛ ɭɛɥɣɧɣ ɪɮɨɥɭɛɧɣ ɨɛɢɝɛ ɝɣɟɮ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɭɛ ɮɧɩɝɣ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɭɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝʀ ɪɫɣɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɝɣɟɮ ɲɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɩɝɣɴɛ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɉɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɩ ɢɛɢɨɛɲ ɮ ɲɩɧɮ ɪɩɦɺɞɛɹɭɷ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɛ ɲɣ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɛ ɡɣɝɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɤ ɢɨɛɤɭɣ ɫɣɬɣ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɩɬɭʀ ɢ ɮɨʀɥɮɧɛɧɣ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ
Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ȿɠɫɡɛɝɣ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ Ʉɨɥɢ ɿ ɤɢɦ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬ" əɤ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɹɦɢ" ȼɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɝɭɫɬɨɬɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ"
Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ʌɩɫʀɨɨʀ ɡɣɭɠɦʀ Ɏ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɧɦɨ ɩɬʀɜ Ɋɠɫɳɣɧɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɢɛɬɠɦɺɭɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ʀɨɟʀɛɨɱʀ ³ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɩʁɟɨɩʁ ɫɛɬɣ ɧɛɦ Ƚɩɨɣ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɣ ɢ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɣɬ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ Ƚ Ȼɨɟɛɰ ʀɨɟʀɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɢ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɣɧ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩɧ ʀ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɩɹ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɛ ³ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ʀɨɥʀɝ ɂɧʀɳɛɨʀ ɫɛɬɩɝʀ ɭɣɪɣ ɂ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺɧ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱɺɧɣ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɪɩɬɠɦɺɭɣɬɺ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ʀɬɪɛɨɱʀ ɭɛ ɪɩɫɭɮɞɛɦɷɱʀ Ƚɩɨɣ
Ɇɚɥ ȱɧɞɿɚɧɰɿ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ɇɚɥ ɋɭɱɚɫɧɿ ɠɢɬɟɥɿ Ⱥɧɞ ² ɩɟɪɭɚɧɰɿ ɜ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɛɪɚɧɧɿ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɉɟɪɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɹɬɶ ɿɧɞɿɚɧɰɿ ² ɦɟɬɢɫɢ ² ɽɜɪɨɩɟɨʀɞɢ
Ɇɚɥ ɀɢɬɥɨ ɜ Ⱥɦɚɡɨɧɿʀ
Ɇɚɥ ɍ ɦɿɫɬɿ Ʉɚɪɚɤɚɫ ȼɟɧɟɫɭɟɥɚ
ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɦɣ ɥɩɫʀɨɨɠ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ³ ʀɨɟʀɛɨɱʀɝ ɝʀɟɭʀɬɨɣɝɳɣ ʁɰ ɨɛ ɨɠɫɩɟɹɲʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɭɛ ɝ ɞɩɫɣ ȿɦɺ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɦɛɨɭɛɱʀɺɰ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɮ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɮ ɝ ;9, ² ;,; ɬɭ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɝɠɢɠɨɩ ɧʀɦɷɤɩɨɣ ɨɠɞɫʀɝ ɫɛɜʀɝ ɢ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ Ƚʀɟɜɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɢɧʀɳɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɫɛɬ Ɉɣɨʀ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɾ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɢɧʀɳɛɨɣɰ ɫɛɬ ɧɮɦɛɭɣ ³ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɳɦɹɜʀɝ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɢ ɨɠɞɫɩʁɟɛɧɣ ɧɠɭɣɬɣ ³ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɳɦɹɜʀɝ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɢ ʀɨɟʀɛɨɱɺɧɣ ɬɛɧɜɩ ³ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɳɦɹɜʀɝ ʀɨɟʀɛɨɱʀɝ ʀɢ ɨɠɞɫɛɧɣ Ɉɛɴɛɟɥʀɝ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɱʀɝ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɥɫɠɩɦɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ ɂɛ ɧɩɝɨɩɹ ɩɢɨɛɥɩɹ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɮ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɮ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩɹ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɩɹ ɭɛ ɇɠɥɬɣɥɩɹ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ Ɇɛɭɣɨɬɷɥɩɹ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɩɹ Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɢɛ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩɧ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɾ ɧɩɝɛɧɣ ɦɛɭɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ³ ʀɬɪɛɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɭɛ ɪɩɫɭɮɞɛɦɷɬɷɥɩɹ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨɛ ɟɮɡɠ ɨɠɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɾ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɝ ɪɛɧɪʀ ɨɛ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺɰ ɝ Ȼɨɟɛɰ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɞɮɬɭɩɭɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ³ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɩɬʀɜ ɨɛ ɥɧ2 ɛ ɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɧɠɨɳ ɨʀɡ ɩɟɨɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɨɛ ɥɧ2. Ɉɛɤɧɠɨɳ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨʀ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨɬɷɥɛ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɛ ɧɛɦ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɛ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɞɮɬɭɩɭɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ³ ɜɦɣ ɢɷɥɩ ɩɬʀɜ ɨɛ ɥɧ2 ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɾ ɮ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɧɛɦ ɧɠɨɳɠ ³ ɮ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺɰ ɂɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɧɣ ɭɠɧɪɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɩɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɧʀɬɭ ɧʀɦɷɤɩɨɠɫʀɝ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ
ȿɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ Ɋɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɛ ɥɛɫɭɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ʌɫɛʁɨɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ;9, ² ;9,,, ɬɭ ɜɮɦɣ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɺɧɣ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀʁ ɭɛ Ɋɩɫɭɮɞɛɦʀʁ ɢɟɩɜɮɦɣ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;,; ɬɭ Ɉɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨʀɤ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɨɛɦʀɲɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ʀ Ⱦɝʀɛɨɛ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɭɛ ɲɣɬɠɦɷɨʀɬɭɹ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ³ ȼɫɛɢɣɦʀɺ ɧɛɦ ȻɫɞɠɨɆɚɥ ɋɚɧ ɉɚɭɥɭ ² ɦɿɫɬɨ ɭɣɨɛ ɒɣɦʀ ɑɠ ɨɛɤɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭʀɳʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɜ Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɿʀ ɨɞɧɟ ɡ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɯ ɦɿɫɬ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ Ɉɛɤɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭʀɳʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɒɛɬɭɩ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɾ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɟɩɬɭɛɭɥɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɭɛ ɢɛɤɨɺɭʀɬɭɹ ɝ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝʀ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɮ ȼɫɛɢɣɦʀʁ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɦʀɬʀɝ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨʀʁ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɺɥʀ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɟɮɡɠ ɨɣɢɷɥɩɧɮ ɫʀɝɨʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ʀ ɬɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɜɦɛɞɛ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɠ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɡɠ ɲɛɬ ȼɫɛɢɣɦʀɺ ɪɩɬʀɟɛɾ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɭɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɢɛ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ɧʀɥɫɩɥɩɧɪ·ɹɭɠɫʀɝ Ɉɛ ʁʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɝɣɟɩɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɨɛɯɭɣ ɝɮɞʀɦɦɺ ɢɛɦʀɢɆɚɥ Ɂɛɿɪ ɤɚɜɢ ɜ Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɿʀ ɨɩʁ ɫɮɟɣ ɱɣɨɥɮ ɬɫʀɜɦɛ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɛɦɧɛɢʀɝ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɱɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɧɛɾ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɠ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɢɛ ɠɥɬɪɩɫɭɩɧ ɥɛɝɣ ɤ ɛɪɠɦɷɬɣɨʀɝ ɪɩɬʀɟɛɾ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɧɛɦ Ɉɠ ɧɠɨɳ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɩɹ ɾ Ȼɫɞɠɨɭɣɨɛ ɺɥɛ ɠɥɬɪɩɫɭɮɾ ɝ ɬɝʀɭ ɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɫɮɟ ɧɠɭɛɦʀɝ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɮ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɱʀɹ ³ ɢɠɫɨɩ ɩɦʀɹ ɧ·ɺɬɩ ɝɩɝɨɮ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ȼɫɛɢɣɦʀʁ ɝɩɨɛ ɾ ɟɫɮɞɩɹ ɢɛ ɭɮɫɣɬɭɣɲɨɩɹ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɨʀɬɭɹ ɥɫɛʁɨɩɹ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɧɛɦ ɔɩɫɩɥɮ ʁʁ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɮɹɭɷ ɜʀɦɷɳ Ɇɚɥ Ʌɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɢ ɉɚɬɚɝɨɧɿʀ ² ɨɞɧɟ ɺɥ ɧɦɨ ɭɮɫɣɬɭʀɝ Ɏɢɟɩɝɡ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɍɣɿɡ ɜɢɞɨɜɢɳɧɢɯ ɬɭɪɢɫɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɦɿɫɰɶ Ⱥɪɝɟɧɬɢɧɢ ɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɝɮɢɷɥɩɹ ɬɧɮɞɩɹ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɒɣɦʀ ɺɥɛ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɾ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɒɣ ɦʀ ɾ ɧʀɬɱɠɧ ɞɨʀɢɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɧʀ ɦɷ ɤɩɨʀɝ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ɴɩ ɰɛɫɲɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɫɣɜɩɹ ɂɛ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɠɥɬɥɫɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɪɠɫɨɛɭɣɰ ɮ ɬɮɰɩɧɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭʀ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɣ ɱʀɨɨɣɰ ɧʀɨɠɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɟɩɜɫɣɝ ɥɩɭɫʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɲɣɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɬɠɦʀɭɫɩɹ ȳʁ ɠɥɬɪɩɫɭ ɟɛɾ ɱʀɤ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥɣ
G
ɳɣɧ ɠɥɬɪɩɫɭɠɫɩɧ ɧʀɟʀ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɫɩɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩɧɮ ɫɣɨɥɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɠɭɛɦʀɝ ɧʀɨɠɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɟɩɜɫɣɝ ɫɣɜɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭʀɝ ȿɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɧɛɾ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɣɤ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɣɤ ɯɦɩɭ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɾ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɟɩɰɩɟɣ ɝʀɟ ɭɮɫɣɢɧɮ ɂɝ·ɺɢɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɢ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɧɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɱʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɠɧʀɞɫɮɝɛɭɣ ɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɮ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɮ ɴɠ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭʀ Ɉɣɨʀ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱʀɝ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɝ Ȼɫɞɠɨɭɣɨʀ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɣɬ ȼɫɛɢɣɦʀʁ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɣɬ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ Ɋɛɫɛɞɝɛʁ Ɏɫɮɞɝɛʁ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɚɥ ʀ ɨɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɰ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱʀ ɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɫɩɜɦɺɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ ɬɛɧɩɜɮɭɨɷɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɹɭɷ ɢ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɩɹ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ɬɪʀɝɪɫɛɱɹɹɭɷ ɮ ɞɛɦɮɢʀ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ɭɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɡɦɿɲɚɧɿ ɪɚɫɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɜ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɿɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɰɿ" 2. Ⱦɟ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɚ ɬɚ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɲɚ ɝɭɫɬɨɬɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ" əɤɿ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ
ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ" 3. ɑɨɦɭ ɜ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɫɬɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɸ ɦɨɜɨɸ ɽ ɿɫɩɚɧɫɶɤɚ ɚɛɨ
ɩɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɶɫɶɤɚ"
A
4. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɤɪɚʀɧ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ"
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ɑɢɦ ɩɪɢɜɚɛɥɸɜɚɥɚ ɿɫɩɚɧɰɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɶɰɿɜ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ" 2. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɚ Ⱥɦɚɡɨɧɿʀ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɜɿɞɞɚɥɟɧɢɯ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɳɨ ɠɢɜɭɬɶ ɿɡɨɥɶɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɥɸɞɫɶɤɨʀ ɰɢɜɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ
E
3. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ
Ʌɩɫɩɭɥɩ ɪɫɩ ɢɧʀɬɭ ɭɠɧɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɭɣɤ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɬɠɫɠɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ Ʉɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɢɝɛ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ʀɧɠɨʀ ɧɩɫɠɪɦɛɝɱɺ Ȼɧɠɫʀɞɩ Ƚɠɬɪɮɲɲʀ ɥɩɭɫɣɤ ɢɟɩɞɛɟɛɝɬɺ ɴɩ ɐɫɣɬɭɩɯɩɫ Ʌɩɦɮɧɜ ɮ ɫ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝ ɨɠ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɜɠɫɠɞɣ Ȳɨɟʀʁ ɛ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ Ɏ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɩɧɮ Ɉɩɝɣɤ Ɍɝʀɭ ɭɛɥ ɨɛɢɝɛɝ ɬɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ƚɠɬɪɮɲɲʀ ɢɛɢɨɛɝ ɝɭɩɫɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɨɥʀɬɭɛɟɩɫʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɨɣɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɠ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɭʀɬɨɺɹɲɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝ ɞɩɫɣ ɭɛ ɨɛ ɨɠɪɫɣɟɛɭɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɬɥɦɛɟɨʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɛɧɛɢɩɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɭɛ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɠɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɣɧɣ Ƚ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɬɭɛɫɛ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ³ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛɨ ɬɷɥɛ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɛ ɭɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ Ɋɦɛɭɯɩɫɧʀ ɝ ɫɠɦɷɾɯʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ȼɫɛɢɣɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɭɛ Ⱦɝʀɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨɬɷɥɛ ɭɛ Ɇɛ Ɋɦɛɭɬɷɥɛ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɣ Ɍɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ³ ɧɩɦɩɟʀ ɞɩɫɣ Ȼɨɟɣ ɑɠ ɩɟɨɛ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɟɩɝɳɣɰ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɣɬɭɠɧ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɟɠ ɾ ɟʀɹɲʀ ɝɮɦɥɛɨɣ ɭɛ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ʀɨɭɠɨɬɣɝɨʀ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɣ Ɉɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɛ Ȼɨɟ ³ Ȼɥɩɨɥɛɞɥɮɛ ɧ Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɛ Ȼɨɟɣ ɢɮɧɩɝɣɦɣ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɥɩɭɫɛ ɾ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɡɛɫɥɣɧ ɭɛ ɨɛɤɝɩɦɩɞʀɳɣɧ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɧ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ƚɩɨɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɝ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɟɝɩɰ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɭɛ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɍɠɪɦʀ Ⱦɝʀɛɨɬɷɥɛ ɭɛ ȼɫɛɢɣɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɭɠɲʀʁ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɥɣ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɩɪɛɟɣ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɛ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɛ Ɋɠɫɮɛɨɬɷɥɛ ɭɠɲʀɺ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɾ ɬɮɰʀɬɭɷ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ȼɨɟɣ ɪɠɫɠɳɥɩɟɡɛɹɭɷ ɫɮɰɮ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ʀɢ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɬɰɩɟɮ ɨɛɝɪɛɥɣ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɧ ɝʀɭɫɛɧ ɪɫɩɨɣɥɛɭɣ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ Ɉɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɭɠɲɠ ɨɛɤɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨʀɳɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨɥɛ ȿɫɮɞɛ ɢɛ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨɩɹ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ Ɋɛɫɛɨɛ Ƚɩɨɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɋʀɲɩɥ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɧɛɦɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɥɩɫɩɭɥʀ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɧɛɦɩɝɩɟɨʀ Ɉɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ ɒɮɫɮɨ ɪɫɣɭɩɱʀ ɉɫʀɨɩɥɩ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɣɤ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟ ɬɝʀɭɮ ³ Ȼɨɰɠɦɷ ɢɛɝɝɣɳɥɣ ɧ Ɂɣɝɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨɣɤ Ɏ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɩɨ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɠɨɟɠɧʀɥʀɝ Ɏ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɬɠɦɷɝɛɬʀ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɨɛɦʀɲɮɹɭɷ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɺɥ ɭɣɬ ɝɣɟʀɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɭʀ ɺɥʀ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɭɷ ɲɣɧɛɦɮ ɱʀɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ Ɉɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɱɠ ɞɠɝɠɺ ɬʀɥ ɺɥɩʁ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɫʀɟɥɣɤ ɥɛɮɲɮɥ ɥɛɥɛɩ ɰʀɨɨɠ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɱʀɨɨʀ ɦʀɥɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ©ɢɨɛɧɠɨɣɭɣɧɣª ɮɨʀɥɮɧɛɧɣ ɾ ɛɨɛɥɩɨɟɛ ³ ɨɛɤɟɩɝɳɛ ɢɧʀɺ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɥɩɦʀɜɫʀ ³ ɨɛɤɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɨʀɳʀ ɪɭɛɰɣ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɰɣɡʀ ɺɞɮɛɫ ɭɛ ɫɣɜɛ ɪʀɫɛɨɷɺ Ɂɣɝɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɬɛɝɛɨ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɤ ɩɟɨɛɥ ɮ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɧɛɦɩ ɥɩɪɣɭɨɣɰ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ Ɍɝɩɾɫʀɟɨʀɬɭɹ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɾ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɬɭɠɪɩɝʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ ³ ɪɛɧɪɣ ɥɩɭɫʀ ɲɮɟɩɝɩ ɨɛɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɦɺ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ Ɉɛ ɱɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɝɣɫɩɴɮɹɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɝɫɩɡɛʁ ɢɠɫɨɩɝɣɰ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫ Ɋɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɡɛɫɥɩɧɮ ɛ ɤ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ Ɋɮɬɭɠɦɺ Ȼɭɛɥɛɧɛ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ɡʀ ɾ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɬɮɰʀɳɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ Ɋɛɭɛɞɩɨʀɺ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɣɧ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɩɧ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɺɧɣ ʀɢ ɢɦɠɟɠɨʀɨɨɺɧ ɟɠ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ɬɨʀɞɩɝɩʁ ɦʀɨʀʁ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɣɢɷɥɩ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɛ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ Ȼɨɟ ɟɠ ɭɠɪɦʀɳɠ Ƚ Ȼɨɟɛɰ ɲʀɭɥɩ ɪɫɩɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɣɬɩɭɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ Ɋʀɟɨʀɧɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɮɞɩɫɮ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɫɩɤɭɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɲɣ ɝʀɟ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɝɨɣɢɮ ʀ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɮɹɲɣ ɝʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɬɨʀɞɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɛɰ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɾ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɣ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɱɠ ɨɛɟɧʀɫɨɠ ɝɣɫɮɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɛɧɛɢɩɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɦʀɬɮ ɢɛɜɫɮɟɨɠɨɨɺ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɢɧɠɨɳɠɨɨɺ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɭɛ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɨɛɟɧʀɫɨɛ ɫɩɢɩɫɛɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɛɧɪɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɠ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɨɠɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ Ɉɛɤɞɮɬɭʀɳɠ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨɩ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɠ ³ ɛɧɛɢɩɨɬɷɥɮ ɬɠɦɷɝɮ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɭɛ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɾ ɝ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɺɥʀ ɢɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɟɠɬɺɭɣɦʀɭɭɺ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɫɩɢɫɩɬɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɧʀɦɷɤɩɨɠɫɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɦʀɬʀɝ Ȼɧɛɢɩɨʀʁ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɺɥʀ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɠ ɥɩɨɭɛɥɭɮɹɭɷ ʀɢ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɧ ɬɝʀɭɩɧ ɢɛɭɠ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɮ ɱʀɦɥɩɝɣɭʀɤ ɞɛɫɧɩɨʀʁ ʀɢ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩɹ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɩɹ ȿɛɝɨʀ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɭɛ ɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ȼɨɟ ȿɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɮɬɪʀɰʀɝ ɮ ɝɠɟɠɨɨʀ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɭɛ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ ȼɫɛɢɣɦʀɺ Ȼɫɞɠɨɭɣɨɛ ɒɣɦʀ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɹɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɝɣɪɮɬɥɮ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɧɣɬɦɩɝɣɰ ɭɩɝɛɫʀɝ ɪɫɩɟɛɡɮ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɱʀʁ ɭɮɫɣɢɧɮ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ Ɉɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɭɣɬ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɠɧʀɞɫɮɝɛɭɣ ɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɍɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɚ ɰɟɪɤɜɚ ɭ Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɿʀ ɨɮ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɮ ɴɠ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐɐ ɬɭ
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Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɜɫɸ ɬɟɦɭ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɿ ɪɢɫɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" 2. əɤ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɨɫɜɨɽɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɹɦɢ" 3. əɤɢɯ ɬɢ ɡɧɚɽɲ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" 4. əɤɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɢ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ" 5. əɤɿ ɞɨɤɚɡɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɳɨ Ⱥɧɞɢ ɽ ɦɨɥɨɞɢɦɢ ɝɨɪɚɦɢ" 6. əɤɿ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɿ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧɢ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɿ ɜ ɝɨɪɚɯ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" 7. ɑɨɦɭ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɽ ɧɚɣɜɨɥɨɝɿɲɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɦ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɿ" 8. ɑɨɦɭ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɠɚɪɤɢɣ ɹɤ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ"
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ 9. ɑɨɦɭ Ⱥɦɚɡɨɧɤɚ ɽ ɧɚɣɩɨɜɧɨɜɨɞɧɿɲɨɸ ɪɿɱɤɨɸ ɫɜɿɬɭ" 10. əɤ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɨɤ ɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɬɟɱɿɣ
ɪɿɱɨɤ" 11. ɑɢ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɦɿɠ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɪɿɱɤɢ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɭ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚ
ɧɿɜ" 12. əɤɿ ɪɿɞɤɿɫɧɿ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɢ ɬɚ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɬɨɛɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɿ" ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ʀɯɧɹ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶ
ɧɿɫɬɶ" 13. ɑɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɟ ɩɨ ɲɢɪɨɬɿ ɚ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɡ ɧɢɯ
ɩɪɨɫɬɹɝɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɦɟɪɢɞɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɡ ɩɿɜɧɨɱɿ ɧɚ ɩɿɜɞɟɧɶ" 14. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɉɚɬɚɝɨɧɿʀ ɬɚ Ƚɚɥɚɩɚɝɨɫɶɤɢɯ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɿɜ" 15. əɤ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ" 16. ɇɚɡɜɢ ɧɚɣɪɨɡɜɢɧɭɬɿɲɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ əɤɿ ɜɢɞɢ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪ
ɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɜɢɧɭɬɿ ɬɚ ɽ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɨɜɢɦɢ"
D
ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ 1. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɨɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɚɪɬ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱ
ɹɤɿ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɿ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧɢ ɽ ɧɚ Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɶɫɶɤɨɦɭ Ƚɜɿɚɧɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɿɪތɹɯ Ⱥɦɚɡɨɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɬɚ Ʌɚ ɉɥɚɬɫɶɤɿɣ ɧɢɡɨɜɢɧɚɯ ɑɢɦ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɪɨɡ ɩɨɞɿɥ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɢɯ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧ" 2. Ɂɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɸ ɤɚɪɬɨɸ ɜɢɡɧɚɱ ɧɚɣɧɢɠɱɿ ɬɚ ɧɚɣɜɢɳɿ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɥɿɬɚ
ɣ ɡɢɦɢ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ 3. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɩɥɨɳɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɿɜ ɧɚ ɫɭɲɿ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ Ⱥɮɪɢ
ɤɢ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ əɤɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɢ ɩɨɦɿɬɢɜ ɜ ɱɨɦɭ ʀɯɧɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ" 4. Ɂɞɿɣɫɧɢ ɭɹɜɧɭ ɩɨɞɨɪɨɠ ɜɿɞ ɜɢɬɨɤɭ ɞɨ ɝɢɪɥɚ Ⱥɦɚɡɨɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɬɟɦɚ
ɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɚɪɬɚɯ əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɬɢ ɜɢɹɜɢɜ" 5. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɜɲɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɭ ɬɚ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢ ɭɹɜɧɭ ɩɨɞɨɪɨɠ
ɩɨ ɡɚɯɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɸ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɡ ɩɿɜɧɨɱɿ ɧɚ ɩɿɜɞɟɧɶ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɢɜɲɢ ɝɿɪ ɫɶɤɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɭ Ⱥɧɞ əɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɬɪɚɩɢɥɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɽɦɭ ɲɥɹɯɭ" 6. Ⱦɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿʀ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɝɿɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ
Ⱥɧɞ 7. ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɿ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɿ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ
ɭɤɪɚʀɧɰɿɜ ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɯ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ
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ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ ɦɣɥɣɤ ɜɛɫ·ɾɫɨɣɤ ɫɣɯ ɧɛɦ ɑɠ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɝɣɭɝʀɫ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɨʀɟɠ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɜʀɦɺ ɧɣɬɮ Ʉɩɫɥ ɤɩɞɩ ɳɣɫɣɨɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɦɣɳɠ ɥɧ ɛ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛ ɝʀɨ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ɥɧ Ɋɩ ɩɜɣɟɝʀ ɬɭɩɫɩɨɣ ɝʀɟ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɝ ɡɛɫɥɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɨɺ ɛ ɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ³ ɝ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɧɮ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɝɬʀɾʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɟɩ ɭɫɩɪʀɥɛ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɍɛɬɧɛɨʀɺ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɧɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ Ɋɫɩɭɺɡɨʀɬɭɷ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ɪɩ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ɪɟ ɳ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɥɧ ɛ ɢ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɪɩ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨɮ ɬɰ ɟ ³ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɥɧ
ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɉɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɱɺɧ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɹ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ Ƚɪɠɫɳɠ ɜʀɦɺ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɝɩɨɣ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɷ ɝ ɠɪɩɰɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭʀɝ Ɏ ɫ ɞɩɦɦɛɨɟɬɷɥɣɤ ɧɩɫɠɪɦɛɝɠɱɷ Ƚʀɦɷɺɧ ɚɨɬɢɩɨ ɟʀɬɭɛɝɬɺ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ Ʌɛɫɪɠɨɭɛɫʀɺ Ȳɬɪɛɨɠɱɷ Ɇɮʁɬ ɍɩɫɫɠɬ ɫ ɪɫɩɪɦɣɝ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɩɹ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɾ ɝʀɟ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ Ɉɩɝɮ Ⱦɝʀɨɠɹ Ɋʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɱɹ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɛɢɝɛɨɩ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɧɠɨɠɧ Ɏ ɫ ɞɩɦɦɛɨɟɬɷɥɣɤ ɧɩɫɠɪɦɛɝɠɱɷ Ȼɜɠɦ ɍɛɬɧɛɨ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɪɦɛɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɰ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɛ ɟɩɝʀɝ ɴɩ ɱɠ ³ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɤ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɧɛɬɣɝ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɧɛɦ Ȼɦɠ ʀɬɪɛɨɱʀ ɭɛ ɞɩɦɦɛɨɟɱʀ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺ ɝ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɱʀ ɉɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɤ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɂɨɛɧɠɨɣɭɣɤ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɧɩɫɠɪɦɛɝɠɱɷ ȿɡɠɤɧɬ Ʌɮɥ ɮ ɫ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝ ɬɰʀɟɨɠ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɭɛ ɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɝ ɪɫɩ ɱɠ ɨɛ ɮɝɠɬɷ ɬɝʀɭ ɈɠɆɚɥ ɉɨɲɬɨɜɚ ɦɚɪɤɚ ɝɟɩɝɢʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀ ɩɪɢɫɜɹɱɟɧɚ Ⱥɛɟɥɭ Ɍɚɫɦɚɧɭ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ Ɍʀɟɨɠɤ ɒɣɬɦɠɨɨʀ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀʁ ;9,,,²;,; ɬɭ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɣɦɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɭɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɜɛɬɠɤɨ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɇɮɫɫɠɤ Ƚɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɫɛɤɩɨʀɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɠ ɢ ɪɩɳɮɥɛɧɣ ɪɛɬɩɝɣɴ ʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɟɦɺ ɰɮɟɩɜɣ ɛ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ³ ɢ ɫɩɢɝʀɟɥɩɹ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ ȼɮɦɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɟɠɭɛɦɷɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɭɛ ɩɪɣɬɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ȼɠɢɝɩɟɟɺ ɬɮɰʀɬɭɷ ɬɪɠɥɛ ɥɩɦɹɲʀ ɢɛɫɩɬɭʀ ɟɩ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɬɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɭɫɮɟɨɩɴʀ ɮ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨʀ ɝɨɮɆɚɥ ɉɨɲɬɨɜɚ ɦɚɪɤɚ ɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ ɩɪɢɫɜɹɱɟɧɚ Ɇɢɤɨɥɿ Ɇɢɤɥɭɯɨ Ɇɚɤɥɚɸ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;,; ɬɭ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɧɩɫɠɪɦɛɝɠɱɷ ɇɠɭɷɹ ɏɦʀɨɟɠɫɬ ɪɫɩɪɦɣɝ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ƚʀɨ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɝɛɝ ɨɛɢɝɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɾɹ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɩɧ Ɉɩɝɛ Ⱦɩɦɦɛɨɟʀɺ Ƚ ɰ ɫɩɥɛɰ ;,; ɬɭ ɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɭɛ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ Ɉɩɝɛ Ⱦɝʀɨɠɺ ɡɣɝ ʀ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɝ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥ ɭɛ ɠɭɨɩɞɫɛɯ ɇɣɥɩɦɛ ɇɣɥɦɮɰɩ ɇɛɥɦɛɤ ɧɛɦ
ɍɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɛ ɜɮɟɩɝɛ ʀ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ Ɉɛɤɪɦɩɬɥʀɳɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɪɦɩɴʀ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɺɝɦɺɾ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɮ ɧɛɦ ɥɫɛʁ ɺɥɩʁ ɪɫɣɪʀɟɨɺɭʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ Ⱦɩɫɣ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ³ ² ɧ ɨɛɟ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ɏ ɜɮɟɩɝʀ ʁʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɲʀɭɥɩ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨʀ ɭɫɣ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɛɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɠ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɢɛɝɝɣɳɥɣ ² ɧ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɛ ɨɣɢɩ ɝɣɨɛ ɟɠ ɝ Ɇɚɥ Ɋɿɜɧɢɧɧɿ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɢ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ ɫɛɤɩɨʀ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɀɤɫ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɨɛɤɨɣɡɲɛ ɭɩɲɥɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ² ɧ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɝʀɟ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝɣɬɩɭɨɣɤ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ Ƚɩɟɩɟʀɦɷɨɣɤ ɰɫɠɜɠɭ ɢ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɧɣ Ȼɦɷɪɛɧɣ ɟɠ ɢɨɛɰɩɟɣɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɭɩɲɥɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɞɩɫɛ Ʌɩɬɱɹɳɥɩ ɧ Ɏɦɛɧɩɥ Ⱦɩɨɟɝɛɨɣ ȿɛɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɜʀɦɷɳɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɩɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɰ ɲɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɴɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɝ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ɝɰɩɟɣɦɛ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ Ⱦɩɨɟɝɛɨɣ ɛɦɠ ɨɛɤɳɝɣɟɳɠ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɣɦɛɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɨɠʁ ʀ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɣɦɛɬɺ ɍɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɛ ɜɮɟɩɝɛ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɧɣ ɾ ɨɛɤɪɫɩɬɭʀɳɩɹ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɟɛɝɨɷɩʁ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɌɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɩɹ ɝʀɢɣɭɥɩɹ Ȼɝɧɣ ɴɩ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɮ ʀ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɮ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɾ ɞɩɫɛ Ȼɤɠɫɬ ɫɩɥ ʀ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɧɠɨɳɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩɞɩ ɪɩɺ Ɏɦɮɫɮ ɑɠ ɬɥɠɦɺ ɩɝɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɴɩ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɧɛɤ ɬɮ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɡɠ ɧɦɨ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ȳʁ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɛ ³ ɩɟɨɛ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɟɩɝɡɣɨɛ ɥɧ ɛ ɳɣɫɣɨɛ ɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ƚʀɟɧʀɨɨɛ ɫɣɬɛ ʁʁ ɜɮɟɩɝɣ ³ ɥɧ Ƚɣɬ ɭɮɪ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɞɩ ɪʀɬɲɠɫɞɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɣɬɭɮɪʀɝ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭɮ ɭɛ ɥɩɝɣɥɛ ɴɩ ɢɟʀɤɧɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɟ ɧɩɦɩɟɳɣɰ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨ Ɉɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳʀ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɫɩɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩɹ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɩɹ ɨɛ ɟɣ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭɮ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɪʀɟɨɺɭʀ ɤ ɧʀɬɱɺɧɣ ɝɣɰɩ ɧ ɾ ɢɛɦɣɳɥɩɧ ɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩɟɺɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɝ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɞɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɬɧɛ Ɏ ɫɠɦɷɾɯʀ ɱʀɤ ɟʀɦɺɨɱʀ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɛɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɠ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɹ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ² ɧ Ɋɩ ɥɫɛɺɰ ɝɩɨɩ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɠ ɍɛɥ ɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɜɫɣɦɩɝɣɤ ɧɛɬɣɝ Ʌʀɧɜɠɫɦʀ ɢɛɝɝɣɳɥɣ ² ɧ ɧɛɦ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ Ɍɰʀɟɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝʀɟ ɪʀɝɩɬɭ ɫɩɝɛ Ʌɠɤɪ Ʉɩɫɥ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɟɩ ɍɛɬɧɛɨʀʁ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɛɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɝʀɟ ɨɠʁ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɛ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɛ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɭɛ ɨɠɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɪɦɛɭɩ ɉɥɫɠɧʀ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɝɠɫɳɣɨɨʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɩɬɭɛɨɱʀ ɬɝʀɟɲɛɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɭɮɭ ɥɩɦɣɬɷ ɢɛɦɺɞɛɦɣ ɝɣɴʀ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɧɛɬɣɝɣ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ³ ɾɟɣɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɟʀɹɲɣɰ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɝ Ⱦɩɫɣ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ Ⱦʀɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ Ƚɩɟɩɟʀɦɷɨɣɤ ɰɫɠɜɠɭ ɢ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɧɣ Ȼɦɷɪɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ ɭɛ ɞɩɫɣ ɍɛɬɧɛɨʀʁ ɑɠ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɨɠɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩ ɜɫɣɦɩɝʀ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣ Ɍɰʀɟɨʀ ɬɰɣɦɣ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɰɫɠɜɭʀɝ ɬɭɫʀɧɥʀ ɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ³ ɪɩɦɩɞʀ Ⱦɩɫɣ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ƚɩɟɩɟʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɜɭɛ ³ ɨɣɢɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝɣɬɩɭɨʀ ɝɣɭɺɞɨɮɭʀ ɝ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɪɩɟʀɦɠɨʀ ɨɛ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɝɠɫɳɣɨɨʀ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ƚɩɟɩɟʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɜɭɛ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ Ȼɦɷɪɣ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ɭɛ ɞɦɣɜɳɣɧɣ ɟɩɦɣɨɛɧɣ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɣ ɍɮɭ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɭɩɲɥɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɞɩɫɛ Ʌɩɬɱɹɳɥɩ ɧɛɦ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɥɚɬɨ Ʉɿɦɛɟɪɥɿ ɧɚ ɩɿɜɧɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɯɨɞɿ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ
Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɣɫɶɤɿ Ⱥɥɶɩɢ
Ʌɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ ȼɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ ɨɛɟɫ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ȻɝɬɭɫɛɆɚɥ ȼɟɪɲɢɧɚ ɝɨɪɢ Ʉɨɫɰɸɲɤɨ ɦʀɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɨɛ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɥɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ Ɏ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɫɩɟɛɰ ɯɮɨɟɛ ɧɠɨɭɮ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɢɛɦɺɞɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɦʀɢɨʀ ɧʀɟɨʀ ɬɝɣɨɱɠɝɩ ɱɣɨɥɩɝʀ ɮɫɛɨɩɝʀ ɫɮɟɣ ɧʀɨɠɫɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɧʀɬɭɺɭɷ ɩɦɩɝɩ ɢɩɦɩɭɩ ɪɦɛɭɣɨɮ ȿɩ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɣ ɯɩɬɯɩɫɣɭʀɝ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɩʁ ɬɩɦʀ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɜɮɫɩɞɩ ɝɮɞʀɦɦɺ ɨɛɯɭɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɞɛɢɮ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴ ɢɛɦɺɞɛɾ ɨɛ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥʀɤ ɞɦɣɜɣɨʀ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ʁɰ ɝɣɟɩɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɣɧ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɧ ɂɛ ɢɛɪɛɬɛɧɣ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɣɰ ɫɮɟ ʀ ɫɮɟ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɝɣɰ ɧɠɭɛɦʀɝ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɜɩɥɬɣɭʀɝ ɬɣɫɩɝɣɨɛ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɪɦɛɝɥɣ ɛɦɹɧʀɨʀɹ ɬɝɣɨɱɹ ɱɣɨɥɮ ɨʀɥɠɦɹ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɮɫɛɨɮ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɨɛɤɜɛɞɛɭɳɣɰ ɫɠɞʀɩɨʀɝ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɏɬɨ ɜɩɟɪɲɟ ɞɨɜɿɜ ɳɨ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ ɽ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɦ" 2. əɤɿ ɞɿɥɹɧɤɢ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɢ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ ɽ ɧɚɣɫɬɚɪɿɲɢɦɢ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɧɚɣɦɨɥɨɞɲɢɦɢ" 3. əɤɢɣ ɪɟɥɶɽɮ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɚɽ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ" 4. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɝɨɪɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɰɿ ɬɚ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ" 5. əɤɿ ɝɨɪɢ ɽ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ" ɓɨ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɝɨ" 6. əɤɿ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɿ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ ɧɟɦɚɽ ɞɿɸɱɢɯ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɿɜ" 2. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɪɟɥɶɽɮ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ ɬɚ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ 3. ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɩɪɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤɿɜ ɹɤɿ ɜɢɜɱɚɥɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶɧɿ ɪɚɣɨ ɧɢ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ȼ
Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ ʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ȼɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ" əɤ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɪɿɱɤɨɜɚ ɦɟɪɟɠɚ ɜɿɞ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɬɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ"
Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɝɪɦɣɝɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɲɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɹ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɾ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɤ ɭɫɩɪʀɥ ɭɩɧɮ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɟɩɧʀɨɮɾ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ Ɋɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɲɣɧɣ ɝʀɭɫɛɧɣ ɾ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɪɛɬɛɭɣ ɭɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɝʀɭ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ
Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ
ɫɣ ɇɛɤɡɠ ɭɫɣ ɲɝɠɫɭʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɾ ɨɠɟɩɬɭɛɭɨɷɩ ɢɝɩɦɩɡɠɨɣɧɣ ɂɨɛɲɨɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɲɣɨɣɭɷ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ Ƚɩɟɩɟʀɦɷɨɣɤ ɰɫɠɜɠɭ Ⱦɩɫɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɹɭɷ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝɬɹ ɝɩɦɩɞɮ ɺɥɮ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɢ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɪɛɬɛɭɣ ɍɩɧɮ ɨɛ Ɇɚɥ ɑɟɪɟɡ ɞɭɠɟ ɩɨɫɭɲɥɢɜɢɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫʀɝ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝɣɪɛɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɜɨɞɨɣɦɢɳɚ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɟɛɾ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɩ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɧɛɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɜɢɫɢɯɚɸɬɶ Ƚɦʀɭɥɮ ɞɫɮɟɨʀ²ɦɹɭɩɧɮ ɨɛɟ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɅɆȲɇȻɍɃɒɈȲ ɊɉɚɌɃ ɨɩɹ ʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɹ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɧɣ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɍȻ ɉȼɆȻɌɍȲ ȻȽɌɍɋȻɆȲȳ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɣɢɷɥɣɤ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɤ Ⱦɚɪɜɿɧ ɭɣɬɥ ɀɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɹɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɩɪɛɟɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɋɫɩɬɮɝɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɮ ɝɨɮ ȼ Ȼɪɢɫɛɟɧ Ȼ ɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɪɫɩɞɫʀɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɬ ɬɭɛɾ ɬɮɰʀɳɣɧ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɭɛɧ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɠ ɉɟɪ Ȼ ȼ Ʉɚɧɛɟɪɪɚ ɜɮɝɛɾ Ɉɛ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ Ⱦ ɨ Ɍɚɫɦɚɧɿɹ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɩɪɛɟɣ ɪɠɫɠɨ ɇɨɜɚ ɝɛɡɨɩ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ Ɉɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɺɥ ɮɦʀɭɥɮ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɫɭɛɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɣ ɫɭɛɟɤɜɚɬɨ Ɂɟɥɚɧɞɿɹ ɩɨɹɫ ɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ Ƚʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭʀ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ Ɇɚɥ Ʉɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ ɝ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɜ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ Ⱥ ± ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɛɰ ɧɛɦ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɭɫɩ- ɝɨ Ȼ ± ɜɨɥɨɝɨɝɨ Ⱥ ± ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶ ɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɭɛ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɧɮ ɝ ɧɨɝɨ Ȼ ± ɫɟɪɟɞɡɟɦɧɨɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ Ƚ ± ɡ ɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɦ ɡɜɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɦ
ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɍɛɬɧɛɨʀɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠ ɦɦ ɦɦ ɋ ɋ ɫɣɥɛ ɢɨɛɰɩɟɣɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɨɨɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɧ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɩɧ ɑɠɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɴɩ ɟɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɪɟ ɳ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣ ɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɣɧ Ɍ ʀ ɟɩɴɩɝɣɧ ɦʀɭɩɧ ɭɛ ɡɛɫɥɩɹ Ɍ ɬɮɰɩɹ ɢɣɧɩɹ Ɉɛ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɤ ɲɛ ɬɭɣɨʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɫɩɥɮ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɧɧ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ʁɰ ɢɧɠɨ ɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ² ɧɧ ɛ ɨɛ ɥɫɛɤɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɟɩ ɬɺɞɛɾ ɧɧ ɨɛ ɫʀɥ Ɏ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɝɛ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɭɣɪɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɤ ʀ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɮɋ Ʌ Ȼ Ʉ Ɍ ɑ Ʌ ɋ ȼ ɀ Ʌ Ƚ Ɇɿɫɹɰɿ ɰɣɤ ɉɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɟɠ ɟɧɮɭɷ Ɇɚɥ Ʉɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɞɿɚɝɪɚɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɭ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɫɭɯɨɦɭ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɪɛɬɛɭɣ ɑʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɨɛɟ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɿ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ɭɠɪɦɩɹ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɛɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɭɠɲʀɾɹ ʀ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɢ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣ ɤ ɫɺɬɨɩ ɢɝɩ ɦɩɡɮɹɭɷ ɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɬɰɣɦɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ƚɩɟɩɟʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɜɭɛ Ɏ ɱɠɨɭɫʀ ɤ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɫʀɥ ɪɛɨɮɾ ɬɮɰɠ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ Ɇʀɭɩɧ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ Ɍ ʀ ɝɣɴɠ ɢɣɧɩɹ ³ ² Ɍ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɉɪɛɟʀɝ ³ ² ɧɧ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɮ ɭɠɲʀɹ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɨɣɡɲɛ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɟ ɳ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷ ɭɫɣ ɭɣɪɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɬɮɜ ɋ Ʌ Ȼ Ʉ Ɍ ɑ Ʌ ɋ ȼ ɀ Ʌ Ƚ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɤ ³ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɬɮɜɆɿɫɹɰɿ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ³ ɮɢɟɩɝɡ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩʁ Ɇɚɥ Ʉɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɞɿɚɝɪɚɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɡɟɦɧɨɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɦɭ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɭɛ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɠɫɠɟɤɥɿɦɚɬɿ ɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ³ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ƚʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ʀ ʁɰɨʀɧ ɫɠɡɣɧɩɧ ɍɛɥ ɝ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɩɪɛɟɣ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɩɟɨɛɥ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ʁɰ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ ɍɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɬʀɲɨɺ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ Ɍ ɦɣɪɨɺ Ɍ Ʌɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɭɣɪ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɧɛɦɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɫɩɥɮ ɭɛ ɟɩɝɩɦʀ ɫʀɢɥɣɧɣ ɫʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɤ ɟɩɜɩɝɣɧɣ ɥɩɦɣɝɛɨɨɺɧɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɬɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ³ ɩɬʀɨɨʀ ɭɛ ɢɣɧɩɝʀ ɟɩɴʀ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɠ ɬɮɰɠ ɦʀɭɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ³ ² ɧɧ ɧɛɦ ɉɬɭɫʀɝ ɍɛɬɧɛɨʀɺ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɟɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɧɧ ɍɛɧ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɢɣɧɛ ɭɛ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɨɠ ɦʀɭɩ ɋ
ɦɦ
ɦɦ
Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ
ɋ
Ƚɩɟɣ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɜʀɟɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɝɩɟɣ Ɋɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɬɮɰɩɞɩ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɝʀɟɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɢʀ ɬɨʀɞɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɛɧɣ ³ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɛ ɨɠɬɭɛɲʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ɝɩɟ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɝɬʀɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɦɛɜɩɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɩɹ ɫʀɲɥɩɝɩɹ ɧɠɫɠɡɠɹ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɤ ɩɢɠɫɛɧɣ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɺɥɣɰ ɜɠɢɬɭʀɲɨʀ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɢɠɫ ɢɛɪɩɝɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɟɩɴʀɝ ɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɫɩɥɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɥɫɣɭʀ ɜʀɦɩɬɨʀɡɨɩɹ ɥʀɫɥɩɹ ɬɩɦʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɬɭɩɥɮ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨ Ɂɩɟɠɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɠ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɾ ɭɛɥɩɹ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɝɨɮɭ ɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɥɮ Ɍɛɧɠ ɨɛ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺɰ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɭɣɧɲɛɬɩɝʀ ɫɮɬɦɛ ɫʀɲɩɥ ³ ɥɫʀɆɚɥ Ɋɭɫɥɨ ɪɿɱɤɢ ɭ ɫɭɯɢɣ ɫɟɡɨɧ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ ɥɣ ɝɩɟɛ ɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɟɩɴʀɝ ɧɛɦ ȿɩ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɴɩ ɬɭʀɥɛɹɭɷ ɢʀ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɰɣɦʀɝ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ƚɩɟɩɟʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɜɭɛ Ƚɩɨɣ ɥɩɫɩɭɥʀ ɭɛ ɪɩɫɩɡɣɬɭʀ ɛɦɠ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɧɠɨɳ ɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɣɤ ɬɭʀɥ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɮ ɨɣɡɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɬɮɟɨɩɪɦɛɝɨʀ Ɂɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɟɩɴɩɝɠ ɛ ɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ Ȼɦɷɪɛɰ ³ ɧʀɳɛɨɠ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɝɩɟɩɤɧɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɇɮɫɫɠɤ ʀ ȿɛɫɦʀɨɞ ³ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ Ɋɫɩɭɺɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɠɫɳɩʁ ³ ɥɧ ɧɛɦ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɛ ɪɫɣɭɩɥɛ ɇɮɫɫɠɹ ³ ȿɛɫɦʀɨɞ ɾ ɨɛɤɟɩɝɳɩɹ ɫʀɲɥɩɹ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɥɧ ɩɟɨɛɥ ɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ʀ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɬɣɰɛɾ ɮ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝɮ ɪɩɫɮ ɫɩɥɮ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɩɢɠɫɩ ɀɤɫ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɠ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɨɩʁ ɜɠɢɬɭʀɲɨɩʁ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɧɛɦ ȼʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɫɩɥɮ ɝɩɨɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɝɩɟɩɤɧ ɛ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɬɣɦɷɨɣɰ ɟɩɴʀɝ ɥɩɦɣ ɥɫʀɥɣ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɮ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɩɟɣ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɠɩɢɩɫɣɤ ɝɩɟɨɣɤ ɪɫɩɬɭʀɫ Ɉɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɾ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɢɛɪɛɬɣ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɝɩɟ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɛɫɭɠɢʀɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɛɰ ɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ ɝ ɪɫɩɞɣɨɛɰ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɧʀɡ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺɧɣ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɭɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɧ Ƚɩɟɩɟʀɦɷɨɣɧ ɰɫɠɜɭɩɧ ɧɛɦ Ȼɫɭɠɢʀɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɣ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ⱦɦɣɜɣɨɛ ɢɛɦɺɞɛɨɨɺ ɝɩɟ ɥɩɦɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɧ ɒɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɝɩɟ ɢɛɬɩɦɠɨɛ ɴɩ ɪɠɫɠɳɥɩɟɡɛɾ ʁɰɨɷɩɧɮ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɹ
G
Ɇɚɥ Ɋɿɱɤɚ Ɇɭɪɪɟɣ
Ɇɚɥ Ɉɡɟɪɨ ȿɣɪ Ɂɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɫɟɡɨɧɭ ɜɨɧɨ ɬɨ ɦɿɥɿɽ ɬɨ ɪɨɡɥɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ
Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɪɬɟɡɿɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɞɹɡɶ
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɑɨɦɭ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ ɽ ɧɚɣɩɨɫɭɲɥɢɜɿɲɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɦ" 2. ɑɨɦɭ ɜ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ ɦɚɥɨ ɪɿɱɨɤ ɬɚ ɨɡɟɪ" 3. əɤɟ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɪɿɱɨɤ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ" 4. ɑɨɦɭ ɦɟɠɿ ɨɡɟɪɚ ȿɣɪ ɬɚ ɪɿɱɤɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɢɪɨɦ"
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɫɯɨɞɿ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ ɜɢɩɚɞɚɽ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ ɧɿɠ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɨɞɿ" 2. əɤɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɿɞɡɟɦɧɿ ɜɨɞɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" 3. əɤ ɿ ɞɟ ɛɭɜɚɽ ɫɧɿɝ ɜ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ"
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ Ɍɝɩɾɫʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ȼɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɛɚɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɛɭɞɶ ɹɤɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ" ɑɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɢ ɜɿɞ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿɜ" ɑɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɢ ɪɨɤɭ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ ɧɟ ɡɛɿɝɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɿɡ ɩɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɨɤɭ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ"
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ʀ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɭɫɬɟɥɹ ɜ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ
ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ³ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɬɮɰɣɰ ɫʀɟɥɩɦʀɬɷ ɴɩ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ Ƚɩɦɩɞʀ ɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɨɨɩ ɝɩɦɩɞʀ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ʀ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ʀ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɫʀɟɥɩɦʀɬɬɺɧɣ ɭɛ ɬɛɝɛɨɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɮ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɤ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥɩɝʀ ɬɭɠɪɣ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɦɣɬɭɣɧɣ ɦʀɬɛɧɣ ʀ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣ-
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ ɥɛɧɣ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɭɛ ɧʀɳɛɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ Ɏ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ɪɩɬʀɟɛɾ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɢɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩɹ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɾ ³ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɦʀɬʀɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɯɦɩɫɛ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨʀɬɭɹ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɟɩɝɞɩɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɤ ʀɢɩɦɺɱʀʁ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɺɧ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɩɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɭɛ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɨɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɰ ȳɰ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɠɨɟɠɧʀɥɛɧɣ Ɉɛɤɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀɳʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɠɝɥɛɦʀɪɭɣ ɭɫɛɝ·ɺɨɠ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɛɥɛɱʀʁ ɪɛɦɷɧɣ ɟɠɫɠɝɩɪɩɟʀɜɨɛ ɪɛɪɩɫɩɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɭɫɛɝ ʀ ɥɮɴʀɝ ɀɝɥɛɦʀɪɭʀɝ ɨɛɦʀɲɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɝɣɟʀɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɾ ɞʀɞɛɨɭɣ ɴɩ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɹɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɭɣ ɧ ɨɣɢɷɥɩɫɩɬɦʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɥɮɴʀ ɧɛɦ Ɍɝɩɾɫʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɍɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɴɠ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɬɝɩɾ ɫʀɟɨɣɤ ɨʀɡ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɤ ɍɮɭ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɫɠɦʀɥɭɩɝɣɰ ɝɣɟʀɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɭɛɥʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɣ ɺɥ ɥɛɲɥɩɨʀɬ ʀ ɾɰɣɟɨɛ ɧɛɦ ɺɥʀ ɨɠɬɮɭɷ ɺɤɱɺ ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɬɬɛɝɱʀɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ɬɮɧɲɛɬɭɣɰ ɥɠɨɞɮɫɮ ɥɩɛɦɛ ɝɩɧɜɛɭ ³ ɧɛɦ ɺɥʀ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɝɣɨɩɳɮɹɭɷ ɨɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɣɰ ɧɛɦɺɭ ɮ ɬɮɧɥɛɰ ɨɛ ɡɣɝɩɭʀ ɧɛɦ ɋʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ɫɛɤɬɷɥʀ ɪɭɛɰɣ ɥɛɢɮɛɫɣ ɪɩɪɮɞɛʁ ɲɩɫɨʀ ɦɠɜɠɟʀ ɦʀɫɩɰɝʀɬɭ ɬɭɫɛɮɬ ɠɧɮ ɧɛɦ Ƚ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɭɫɮɤɨɣɰ ɢɧʀɤ ɺɴʀɫɩɥ ɬɛɫɛɨɲʀ ɧɩɬɥʀɭʀɝ ɥɩɧɛɫʀɝ ɧɮɰ Ƚɬʀ ɱʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨɠ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɩɨ ɂɩɨɛ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɨɨɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɾ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɰʀɟ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɟɠ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ Ɉɛ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɣɰ ɯɠɫɛɦʀɭɨɣɰ ʊɫɮɨɭɛɰ ɭɮɭ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɝɣɟɣ
Ɇɚɥ ȿɜɤɚɥɿɩɬɨɜɿ ɥɿɫɢ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɿ ɬɚ ɫɜɿɬɥɿ ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɥɢɫɬɤɢ ɟɜɤɚɥɿɩɬɚ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɛɪɨɦ ɞɨ ɫɨɧɰɹ
Ɇɚɥ Ɍɜɚɪɢɧɢ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ ɤɚɱɤɨɧɿɫ ɬɚ ɽɯɢɞɧɚ ɜɨɦɛɚɬ ɬɚ ɤɨɚɥɚ
Ɇɚɥ Ʉɟɧɝɭɪɭ ɿ ɫɬɪɚɭɫ ɟɦɭ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ɇɚɥ ɒɢɲɤɢ ɚɪɚɭɤɚɪɿɣ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɞɿɚɦɟɬɪɿ ɞɨ ɫɦ
Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɣɫɶɤɢɣ ɫɤɪɟɛ ² ɝɭɫɬɿ ɡɚɪɨɫɬɿ ɱɚɝɚɪɧɢɤɿɜ
Ɇɚɥ ɋɨɛɚɤɚ ɞɢɧɝɨ
ɪɛɦɷɧ ɯʀɥɮɬʀɝ ɦɛɝɫʀɝ ȿɠɫɠɝɛ ɝ ɱɣɰ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɩɪɩɝɣɭʀ ɦʀɛɨɛɧɣ Ƚ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɰɣɦɛɰ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ƚɩɟɩɟʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɜɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɠɝɥɛɦʀɪɭɣ Ƚ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɝɣɴɠ ɝʀɟ ɧ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɧɛɬɣɝɣ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɰɝɩɤɨɣɰ ɝɣɟʀɝ ³ ɛɫɛɮɥɛɫʀɤ ɧɛɦ Ɋɫɣ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɟɩ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɦʀɬɣ ɢ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɧ ɝɣɟɩɝɣɧ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɧ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɝʀɭɦɣɧɣ ʀ ɬɮɰɣɧɣ ɠɝɥɛɦʀɪɭɩɝɣɧɣ ɦʀɬɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɬɛɝɛɨɣ ɭɛ ɫʀɟɥɩɦʀɬɬɺ ȿɦɺ ɬɛɝɛɨ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɠɝɥɛɦʀɪɭɣ ɛɥɛɱʀʁ ɥɛɢɮɛɫɣɨɣ Ɋʀɟ ɠɝɥɛɦʀɪɭɩɝɣɧɣ ɦʀɬɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɝ ɬɛɝɛɨɛɰ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩ ɜɮɫʀ ɭɛ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩ ɥɩɫɣɲɨɠɝʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ Ȳɢ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɭɛɧ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɥɠɨɞɮɫɮ ɬɭɫɛɮɬ ɠɧɮ ɜʀɦɺ ɝɩɟɩɤɧ ³ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɧʀɬɱɺɧɣ ɢɛɤɨɺɭɩ ɢɛɫɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɥɩɦɹɲɣɰ ɞɮɬɭɩ ɪɠɫɠɪɦɠɭɠɨɣɰ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥʀɝ ɍɛɥʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɥɫɠɜɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɺɰ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷɨʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɢɛɜɛɫɝɦɠɨʀ ɝ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɣɤ ɥɩɦʀɫ ɧʀɬɱɺɧɣ ʊɫɮɨɭɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɨɠ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɣɤ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ ɬɥɫɠɜʀɝ ³ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥɩɝʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɠɝɥɛɦʀɪɭʀɝ ɭɛ ɛɥɛɱʀɤ Ɏ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɺɰ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ʀ ɭɫɛɝɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɢɦɛɥɣ Ȳɢ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɭɮɭ ɭɫɛɪɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɠɦɠɭɠɨɬɷɥʀ ɥɠɨɞɮɫɮ ɝɩɧɜɛɭ ɬɭɫɛɮɬ ɠɧɮ ɟɣɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɛɥɛ ɟɣɨɞɩ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɰ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩ ɡɩɝɭɣɰ ɯɠɫɛɦʀɭɨɣɰ ʊɫɮɨɭɛɰ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɠɝɥɛɦʀɪɭɩɝʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɛ ɝ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɱɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ³ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨɣɤ ɜɮɥ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɛ ʀ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɟɣɥɩʁ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɺɥʀ ɜ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɦɣ ɪɩɧʀɭɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝʀ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɾ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɭɫɠɜ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɮ ɟɮɜɣɦɷɨʀ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɨɣ ɠɯʀɫɨʀ ɩɦʀʁ ɂ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɟɩ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɢɛɝɠɢɠɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɥɮɴʀɝ ɭɫɛɝ ɬɝʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ Ɋɩɫɺɟ ɢ ɰɦʀɜɨɣɧɣ ɢɦɛɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ʁɰɨʀɧɣ ɜɮɫ·ɺɨɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɷ ɯɫɮɥɭɩɝʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɟɮɜɣ ɭɩɪɩɦʀ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɝɣɟɣ Ɍɩɜɛɥɛ ɟɣɨɞɩ ɦɣɬɣɱʀ ɴɮɫʀ ɝʀɟɭʀɬɨɣɦɣ ɛɜɩ ɢɨɣɴɣɦɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɝɣɟɣ Ɇɚɥ ɋɤɟɥɿ ɜ ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɚɪɤɭ ɍɥɭɪɭ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɿ ɞɨ ɜɭɥɢɤɿɜ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɳɥɩɟɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɮ ɢɛɝɟɛɹɭɷ ɥɫɩɦɣɥɣ Ƚ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɢɧʀɨɠɨɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ Ƚɣɫɮɜɛɨɩ ɭɛ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɩ ɝɩɞɨɠɧ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɧɛɬɣɝɣ ɦʀɬʀɝ Ɍɛɝɛɨɣ ʀ ɫʀɟɥɩɦʀɬɬɺ ɨɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɪɦɩɴɛɰ ɫɩɢɩɫɛɨɩ ɛɜɩ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɨɛ ɪɛɬɩɝɣɴɛ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɢɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɩʁ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɫɩɥʀɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɡɣɝɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɧɣ ɝɬɠ ɭɛɥɣ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɬɺ ɮ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɪɠɫɝʀɬɆɚɥ Ɉɞɢɧ ɿɡ ɜɨɞɨɫɩɚɞɿɜ ɭ ɨɩɧɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɉɰɩɫɩɨɛ ɠɨɟɠɧʀɲɨɩʁ ʀ ɝɫɛɢɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɚɪɤɭ Ʉɚɤɚɞɭ ɦɣɝɩʁ ɛɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ³ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɛ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɛ Ɉɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ Ɏɬɷɩɞɩ ɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɩɩɰɩɫɩɨɨɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ
ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ Ɉɠɪɩɝɭɩɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɩɜ·ɾɥɆɚɥ ɍ ɩɿɞɜɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɚɪɤɭ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɭʀɝ Ƚɬɷɩɞɩ ɟɩ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣȻɚɪ¶ɽɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɮɭ ɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɭɛ ɉɥɠɛɨʀʁ ɢɛɨɠɬɠɨɩ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ʀɢ ɺɥɣɰ ³ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɑɠ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɛɫɥɣ Ɋɮɫɨɮɦɮɦɮ Ɏɦɮɫɮ Ʌɛɭɛ ɍɷɹɭɛ Ȼɤɠɫɬ ɫɩɥ ɧɛɦ Ʌɛɥɛɟɮ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ³ Ɉɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɛɫɥ Ʌɩɬɱɹɳɥɩ ɟɠ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɣ ³ ɝʀɟ ɠɝɥɛɦʀɪɭɩɝɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɟɩ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɦɮɥ Ɇɚɥ Ɉɫɬɪɿɜ Ɍɚɫɦɚɧɿɹ ɧɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ Ɋɛɫɥ Ⱦɫɠɤɭ Ƚʀɥɭɩɫʀɺ ȿɠɢɠɫɭ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɣɤ ɜɿɞ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ ɦɚɽ ɡɧɚɱɧɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɡɟɪ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ɟɦɺ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ Ɍɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɧ ɟɣɝɩɧ ɾ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ȼɛɫ·ɾɫɨɣɤ ɫɣɯ ɑɠ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɥɩɫɛɦɩɝɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɴɩ ɾ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɡɣɝɩɹ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɩɹ ɨɛ ɪɦɛɨɠɭʀ ɧɛɦ ȿɣɥɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɍɛɬɧɛɨʀɺ ɧɛɦ ɟɩɴɩɝʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪʀɟ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɩɹ əɈɀɌɅɉ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ʀɢ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɴɩ ɨɛɆɚɥ Ʉɪɨɤɨɞɢɥ ɭ ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɟɩ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ ɩɚɪɤɭ Ʉɚɤɚɞɭ əɈɀɌɅɉ ɾ ɨɠɪɩɝɭɩɫɨɣɧ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɮ Ɉɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɪɛɫɥɮ Ɋɮɫɨɮɦɮɦɮ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɢʀ ɬɧɮɞɛɬɭɣɰ ɪʀɬɥɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɪɩɫʀɢɛɨɣɰ ɲɮɟɠɫɨɛɱɷɥɣɧɣ ɮɴɠɦɣɨɛɧɣ ɮɫɝɣɴɛɧɣ ɴɩ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɟʀɾɹ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɰ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɬɣɦ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɧʀɦɷɤɩɨʀɝ ɫɩɥʀɝ Ɏ Ɉɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɪɛɫɥɮ Ʌɛɥɛɟɮ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɧɛɦɷɩɝɨɣɲɣɰ ɟɩɦɣɨ ɫʀɲɩɥ ʀ ɞɫɛɨʀɭɨɣɰ ɬɥɠɦɷ ɢ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟɛɧɣ ɭɫɛɪɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ ɤ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɣ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɪɛɦɷɧɣ ɯʀɥɮɬɣ ɠɝɥɛɦʀɪɭɣ ɬɣɦɛ ɬɣɦɠɨɨɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ɮ ɝɩɟɛɰ ɝɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɫʀɟɥʀɬɨʀ ɧɠɟɮɢɣ ɫɣɜɣ ɥɫɩɥɩɟɣɦɣ ɧɛɦ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɚ ɡɨɧɚ ɡɚɣɦɚɽ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɭ ɩɥɨɳɭ ɜ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ" 2. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɚɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɮɥɨɪɢ" 3. ȼ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɫɜɨɽɪɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ" 4. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ" 5. əɤɿ ɧɚɣɜɿɞɨɦɿɲɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿ ɜ
Ⱥɜɫ ɬɪɚɥɿʀ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ȼ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɡɚɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɣ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɟ" ɑɨɦɭ" 2. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɿɧɲɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɋɩɢɫɤɭ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ȼ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ
Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ Ɍɩɹɢ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ Ⱦɨ ɹɤɨʀ ɪɚɫɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɤɨɪɿɧɧɿ ɠɢɬɟɥɿ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ" ɋɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɽ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ" ɓɨ ɬɨɛɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨ ɩɪɨ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɰɿɜ ɭ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ"
Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ Ɉɛɴɛɟɥɣ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɱʀɝ ɤ ɛɜɩɫɣɞɠɨɣ Ɉɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɾ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɧɦɨ ɩɬʀɜ Ɍɮɲɛɬɨɠ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɢ ɛɨɞɦɩ ɛɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɱʀɝ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɺɥʀ ɾ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɛɧɣ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɱʀɝ ʀɢ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩʁ ȼɫɣɭɛɨʀʁ ɭɛ Ȳɫɦɛɨɟʀʁ ɒɛɬɭɥɛ ɥɩɫʀɨɨɣɰ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɛɜɩɫɣɞɠɨʀɝ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɧɛɦ Ɇɚɥ Ⱦɿɬɢ ɚɛɨɪɢɝɟɧɿɜ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ Ƚɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɴɩ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɛɬɷ ɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɭɣɬ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ʀ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɛ ɢ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ Ȼɜɩɫɣɞɠɨɣ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ɛɝɬɭɫɛɦɩʁɟɨɩʁ ɫɛɬɣ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɺɥɩʁ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɩ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɫɛɬ Ƚ ʁɰɨʀɤ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɾɟɨɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɨɠɞɫɩʁɟɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɩ ʁɟɨɩʁ ɫɛɬ ɧɛɦ ȿɩ ɪɫɣɰɩɟɮ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɥɩɫʀɨɨʀ ɡɣɭɠɦʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨʀ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɩɞɩ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɮ ɢɛɤɧɛɦɣɬɷ ɪɩɦɹɝɛɨɨɺɧ ʀ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɷɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɦɣ ɨʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɨʀ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɛ Ʌɩɫʀɨɨʀ ɛɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɱʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɹɭɷ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɨʀɡ ɧɩɝɛɧɣ Ɇɚɥ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤ ɂɛɬɠɦɠɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɞɮɬɭɩɭɛ ɚɛɨɪɢɝɟɧɿɜ ɡ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɣɧɢɦ ɪɨɡɮɚɪɛɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɜɨʀɧɚ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ³ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɨɛ ɥɧ2 ɑɠ ɩɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɨɣɡɲɣɰ ɪɩɥɛɢɨɣɥʀɝ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝɥɫɛɤ ɨɠɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɠɨɩ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɜɠɢɦɹɟɨʀ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɾ ɝ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɪɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɮ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ Ɍʀɟɨɠɤ ɇɠɦɷɜɮɫɨ Ȼɟɠɦɛʁɟɛ Ʌɛɨɜɠɫɫɛ ɧɛɦ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ Ɍɩɹɢ
Ɇɚɥ Ʉɚɧɛɟɪɪɚ ² ɫɬɨɥɢɰɹ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɪɨɫɬɨɪɿ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɩɚɫɨɜɢɳɚ ɚ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɿ ɞɿɥɹɧɤɢ ɡɚɣɧɹɬɿ ɜɿɬɪɨɜɢɦɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɿɹɦɢ
Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ ɦɚɽ ɪɨɡɜɢɧɭɬɭ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɭ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɭ ɦɟɪɟɠɭ Ɉɞɧɚ ɡɿ ɲɥɹɯɨɜɢɯ ɪɨɡɜ¶ɹɡɨɤ
ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷ ɥɣɤ Ɍɩɹɢ ³ ɾɟɣɨɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɴɩ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ƚɩɨɛ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɾ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɍɛɬɧɛɨʀɺ ɭɛ ɫɺɟ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɓʀɬɭɷ ɳɭɛɭʀɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɾɟɣɨɣɤ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ Ɍɩɹɢ ɩɯʀɱʀɤɨɣɧ ɞɦɛɝɩɹ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɾ ɜɫɣɭɛɨɬɷɥɛ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɝɛ ɛ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɺɾ ʁʁ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɞɠɨɠɫɛɦ ɞɮɜɠɫɨɛɭɩɫ Ɏɬɪʀɳɨɛ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɥɛ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ Ɍɩɹɢ ɾ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭʀɳɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɍɮɭ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɨɛɦɛɞɩɟɡɠɨɩ ɝɣɟɩɜɮɭɩɥ ɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɫɩɜɥɮ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ ɂɛ ɝɣɟɩɜɮɭɥɩɧ ɜɩɥɬɣɭʀɝ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɩɬʀɟɛɾ ɩɟɨɠ ʀɢ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɧʀɬɱɷ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɟɩɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɝɮɞʀɦɦɺ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɮ ɧʀɟɨɮ ɭɛ ɧɛɫɞɛɨɱɠɝʀ ɫɮɟɣ ɫɮɟɣ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɝɣɟɩɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɫʀɜɦɩ ɢɩɦɩɭɩ ɨʀɥɠɦɷ ɭɣɭɛɨ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɧɠɭɛɦɣ ɋɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɩ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɛɝɭɩɧɩɜʀɦʀɝ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɮɟɠɨ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɦɛɟɨɛɨɨɺ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɩɥ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɟɛɾ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɛ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɱʀɺ Ɉɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɛɰ ɪɛɬɩɝɣɴɛɰ ɝɣɪɛɬɛɹɭɷ ɧʀɦɷɤɩɨɣ ɩɝɠɱɷ ɢɛ ɪɩɞɩɦʀɝ·ɺɧ ɺɥɣɰ ʀ ɢɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɪɫɩɟɛɨɩʁ ɝɩɝɨɣ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ɪɩɬʀɟɛɾ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɧɛɦ ɂɨɛɲɨʀ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɢɫɩɳɮɹɭɷ ɢɛɤɨɺɭɩ ɪʀɟ ɪɩɬʀɝɛɧɣ ɪɳɠɨɣɱʀ ɱɮɥɫɩɝɩʁ ɭɫɩɬɭɣɨɣ ɬɛɟɛɧɣ ɪɩɦɺɧɣ ɢ ɩɝɩɲɛɧɣ ɥɝʀɭɛɧɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɢ·ɾɟɨɛɨɩ ɟɩɜɫɩɭɨɣɧɣ ɛɝɭɩɧɩɜʀɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɭɛ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɧɛɞʀɬɭɫɛɦɺɧɣ ɧɛɦ ɇɛɤɡɠ ɝɬʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɞɛɰ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ³ ɱɠ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɩɬɨɛɴɠɨʀ ɪɩɫɭɣ ɂɨɛɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɛɱɹɾ ɝ ɬɯɠɫʀ ɩɜɬɦɮɞɩɝɮɝɛɨɨɺ ³ ɧɠɟɣɲɨɣɰ ɭɛ ɩɬɝʀɭɨʀɰ ɢɛɥɦɛɟɛɰ ɜɛɨɥɛɰ ɭɮɫɣɬɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɜʀɢɨɠɬʀ
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɭɛ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ Ƚ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɾ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɝɣɰʀɟɱʀɝ ɢ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɢ ɪɫɠɟɥʀɝ ɮɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɱʀɝ ɪɫɣɜɮɦɣ ɬɹɟɣ ɴɠ ɮ ɐȲɐ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭʀ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɧɛɬɩɝɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɠɧʀɞɫɛɱʀɺ ɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɹ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ Ɉɛɤɮɬɪʀɳɨʀɳɠ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɢ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɾɹ ɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɩ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɷɥʀɤ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɧɛɦ Ȼɥɭɣɝʀɢɩɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɤ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɠ ɬɪʀɝɫɩɜʀɭɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɧʀɡ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɧɣ
G
Ɇɚɥ Ɇɿɫɬɨ ɋɿɞɧɟɣ Ɉɩɟɪɧɢɣ ɬɟɚɬɪ Ɉɛ¶ɽɤɬ ɡɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɣ ɞɨ ɋɩɢɫɤɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɧɚɪɨɞɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɹɸɬɶ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɸ" 2. ɑɨɦɭ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ ɽ ɦɚɥɨɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɦ" 3. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɢ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ" 4. Ɂɚɩɚɫɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɢɯ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧ ɡɭɦɨɜɢɥɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɬɿ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ" 5. ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɽ ɚ ɜ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɠɚɽ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɸ
ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. Ⱦɟ ɧɚɣɝɭɫɬɿɲɟ ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɚ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ" ɑɨɦɭ" 2. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɟɤɡɨɬɢɱɧɿ ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɿ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɳɨ ʀɯ ɜɢɪɨɳɭɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ 3. ɓɨ ɡɭɦɨɜɢɥɨ ɜɢɫɨɤɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɭ" 4. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɤɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɡɿ ɋɩɢɫɤɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ ɜ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɧɢɯ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ȼ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ
Ʌɩɫɩɭɥɩ ɪɫɩ ɢɧʀɬɭ ɭɠɧɣ
Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ³ ɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɣɤ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɮɬʀɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨʀɳɣɤ ɝʀɟ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ʉɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺ ɭɛ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛɤɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɬɠɫɠɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭʀɝ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɣɬɷ ɨɠɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɣɧɣ ɉɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɉɩɝɩʁ Ⱦɩɦɦɛɨɟʀʁ ɭɛɥ ɥɩɦɣɬɷ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɹ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɪɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɥɩɫʀɨɨɠ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɪʀɟ ɨɛɭɣɬɥɩɧ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɬɭɮɪɣɭɣ ɨɛ ɨɠɪɫɣɟɛɭɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ƚ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɛ ɴɩ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɰ ɟʀɦɺɨɩɥ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ Ƚ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɝɩɨɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ʀɢ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɞʀɫ ɴɩ ɢɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɟʀɾɹ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɰ ɬɣɦ ɢɛ ɬɩɭɨʀ ɧʀɦɷɤɩɨʀɝ ɫɩɥʀɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ³ ɨɛɤɪɦɩɬɥʀɳɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ʀɢ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ƚɩɟɩɟʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɜɭɛ ɑɠ ɨɠɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɬɰɣɦɣ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɥɫɮɭʀ ɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ³ ɪɩɦɩɞʀ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɮɡɠ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɭɩɧɮ ʁɰɨʀ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɣ ɢɞɦɛɟɡɠɨʀ ɢɫɮɤɨɩɝɛɨʀ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɧɣ ɬɣɦɛɧɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɜɭɛ ɝɣɴɛ ɭɮɭ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɛ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ³ ɞɩɫɛ Ʌɩɬɱɹɳɥɩ ɧ Ɉɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɾ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɥɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ ɂɛ ɪɩ-
Ⱦɜɚɧɚɞɰɹɬɶ Ⱥɩɨɫɬɨɥɿɜ ² ɝɪɭɩɚ ɜɚɩɧɹɤɨɜɢɯ ɫɤɟɥɶ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɿ ɛɿɥɹ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɹ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ ɜ ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɚɪɤɭ ©ɉɨɪɬ Ʉɟɦɩɛɟɥɥª
ɌȿɆȺ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ ɥɦɛɟɛɧɣ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɣɰ ɨʀɥɠɦɠɝɣɰ ɮɫɛɨɩɝɣɰ ɫɮɟ ɭɛ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ɪɩɬʀɟɛɾ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨʀ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ Ȱ ɭɮɭ ɟɩɝɩɦʀ ɤ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɩɞɩ ɝɮɞʀɦɦɺ ɨɛɯɭɣ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɞɛɢɮ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ³ ɨɛɤɬɮɰʀɳɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɬɠɫɠɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɑɠ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ʁʁ ɞɠɩ ɞ ɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺɧ Ɋɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɾ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɤ ɭɫɩɪʀɥ ɩɭɡɠ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɝ ɡɛɫɥɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɍɛɬɧɛɨʀɺ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɤ ɇɛɦɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɾ ɜʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ³ ɇɮɫɫɠɤ ȳʁ ɪɫɣɭɩɥɛ ȿɛɫɦʀɨɞ ɮ ɬɮɰɮ ɪɩɫɮ ɫɩɥɮ ɪɠɫɠɬɣɰɛɾ ɍɛɥɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɬɣɰɛɹɲɣɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɥɫʀɥʀɝ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɉɢɠɫɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɠɫɠɬɣɰɛɹɲʀ ʁɰ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɩ ɉɢɠɫɩ ɀɤɫ ɩɟɨɠ ɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɠ ɝ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨʀɬɭɹ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɤ ʀɢɩɦɺɱʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɺɧ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɩɬɺ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɠɨɟɠɧʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɛ ɫɠɦʀɥɭɩɝɣɰ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɪɩɬʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɠɝɥɛɦʀɪɭɩɝʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɞɮɬɭʀ ɢɛɫɩɬɭʀ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥʀɝ ³ ɬɥɫɠɜɣ Ȳɢ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɨɛɤɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɾ ɬɮɧɲɛɬɭʀ ³ ɥɩɛɦɛ ɥɠɨɞɮɫɮ ɉɥɫɠɧʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɾ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɬɬɛɝɱɺɧɣ ɭɛ ɺɤɱɠɥɦɛɟɨɣɧɣ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɾ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨɩ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɺ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɢɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩɹ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɾ ³ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɦʀɬʀɝ Ɉɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɫɛɢɦɣɝɛ ɛɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɾ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩʁ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɣ ɉɥɫɠɧʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɧɮ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦʀ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɩɩɰɩɫɩɨɨɣɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀɤ Ɉɛɤɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨʀɳɣɧ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺɧ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ȼɛɫ·ɾɫɨɣɤ ɫɣɯ ʀɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɧ ɪʀɟɝɩɟɨɣɧ ɡɣɝɣɧ ɬɝʀɭɩɧ ɥɩɫɛɦʀɝ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧʀɝ ɴɩ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɨɮɝɬɺ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɨɛ ɬɩɭɨʀ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ ȿɠɫɡɛɝɛ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ Ɍɩɹɢ ɾ ɾɟɣɨɩɹ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɴɩ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɝɬɹ ɪɦɩɴɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ƚɩɨɛ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ƚɬɷɩɞɩ ɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɾ ɧɦɨ ɩɬʀɜ ɴɩ ɾ ɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɣɧ ɪɩɥɛɢɨɣɥɩɧ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɩ ɝɥɫɛɤ ɨɠɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨʀ ɪɮɨɥɭɣ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɠɨʀ ɨɛ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɜɠɢɦɹɟɨʀ ɒɛɬɭɥɛ ɥɩɫʀɨɨɣɰ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɭɫɸ ɬɟɦɭ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɓɨ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɜ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɿ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ" ɑɨɦɭ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɸ
ɿɧɨɞɿ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ©ɤɪɚʀɧɨɸ ɧɚɜɩɚɤɢª" 2. ɑɨɦɭ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ ɽ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɧɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɦ" ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚ ʀʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɧɟɦɚɽ ɜɭɥ
ɤɚɧɿɜ ɿ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɭɫɿɜ" 3. ɓɨ ɡɭɦɨɜɢɥɨ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɭ ɜɢɫɨɬɭ ɝɿɪ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ" 4. ɑɨɦɭ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ ɽ ɧɚɣɩɨɫɭɲɥɢɜɿɲɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɦ" 5. ɑɨɦɭ ɡɚɯɿɞɧɟ ɿ ɫɯɿɞɧɟ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɹ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ ɨɬɪɢɦɭɸɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ"
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ 6. əɤ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ" ɑɢ ɽ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɢ ɿɡ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ"
Ɂ ɱɢɦ ɰɟ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɨ" 7. əɤɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɢɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" 8. ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ Ȼɚɪ¶ɽɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɮɭ" 9. ȼ ɹɤɢɯ ɦɿɫɰɹɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɬɢ ɯɨɬɿɜ ɛɢ ɩɨɛɭɜɚɬɢ" ɑɨɦɭ"
D
ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ 1. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɿɣ ɤɚɪɬɿ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɡ ɧɚɣɦɨɥɨɞɲɢɦɢ ɞɿɥɹɧɤɚɦɢ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ
ɤɨɪɢ əɤɿ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɿ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧɢ ɬɚɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɚɸɬɶ" 2. ȼɢɡɧɚɱ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɜɢɫɨɬɢ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɿɜ Ɉɤɟɚɧɿʀ 3. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɭ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɡɧɚɣɞɢ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɡ ɧɚɣɧɢɠ
ɱɢɦɢ ɬɚ ɧɚɣɜɢɳɢɦɢ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɥɿɬɚ ɡɢɦɢ 4. ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿʀ" Ɂɪɨɛɢ
ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ 5. ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɦɚɫɨɜɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɭɣ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦ
ɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɡɚɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɣ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱȱ
ǽǼǹȍǾǻǶǷ ǺǮȀdzǾǶǸ ǽǹǮǻdzȀǶ
Ɍɟɦɚ Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɭ Ɍɟɦɚ ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ
Ɉɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɪɨɡɞɿɥ ɬɢ ɞɿɡɧɚɽɲɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ Ɂɚ ɬɢɩɨɜɢɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɨɡɧɚɣɨɦɢɲɫɹ ɡ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɨɸ ɛɭɞɨɜɨɸ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɨɦ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɨɦ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɧɢɦ ɿ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɧɢɦ ɫɜɿɬɨɦ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ
Ɍɟɦɚ ɁȺȽȺɅɖɇȱ ȼȱȾɈɆɈɋɌȱ ɉɊɈ ȺɇɌȺɊɄɌɂȾɍ
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɮ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ɓɨ ɬɢ ɡɧɚɽɲ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ" ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɸ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɣ ɡ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɢɦ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɨɦ"
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɛ ʀ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɥɛ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɩɹ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɴɩ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɮ ɫɛɤɩɨʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɹɬɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɧɛɦ Ɋɫɣɪɩɦɺɫɨʀ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ Ȼɫɥɭɣɥɩɹ ɭɩɧɮ ɪɫɺɧɩ ɪɫɩɭɣɦɠɡɨʀ ʁɧ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɥɩɹ ɝʀɟ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬɛ ɛɨɭɣ ³ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɥɛ ɩɰɩɪ ɦɹɾ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɮ ɭɛ ɩɥɠɛɨɣ ɴɩ ʁʁ ɩɧɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɢ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɧɣ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɟɩ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦɠɤ ² ɪɟ ɳ Ɉɛɤɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɛ ³ ɨɛɤɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ Ƚʀɨ ɧɛɾ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨɠ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɥɫʀɧ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɠ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɩɞɩ ɥɩɦɛ Ƚʀɟ ɨɛɤɜɦɣɡɲɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ³ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɛ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɠɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɹ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɥɧ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɩɹ ȿɫɠɤɥɛ ȼɠɫɠɞɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɩɧɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɟɣ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɚ ɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɭ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɛ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ȼʀɦɺ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɫɺɟ ɧɩɫʀɝ Ƚɠɟɟɠɦɦɛ ȼɠɦɦʀɨɬɞɛɮɢɠɨɛ Ȼɧɮɨɟɬɠɨɛ ɋɩɬɬɛ ɴɩ ɨɠɞɦɣɜɩɥɩ ɝɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɬɮɳɮ ȼɠɫɠɞɩɝɛ ɦʀɨʀɺ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɛ ɝɬʀɤ ɪɫɩɭɺɡɨɩɬɭʀ ³ ɱɠ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝʀ ɩɜɫɣɝɣ ɧɛɦ Ƚɩɟɨɣɤ ɪɫɩɬɭʀɫ ɴɩ ɩɭɩɲɮɾ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɮ ʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɠ ɪɟ ɳ Ɇɚɥ Ʌɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɨɜɿ ɨɛɪɢɜɢ ɨɛ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɱʀɝ ɟɩɱʀɦɷɨɩ ɫɩɢȺɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ ɞɦɺɟɛɭɣ ɺɥ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ
ɌȿɆȺ Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɭ
ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɬɭɛɭɮɬ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɚɥ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝɛɦɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ Ɍɮɝɩɫɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɢɛɧɠɫɢɛɹɲʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɪɫɣɦɠɞɦɣɰ ɧɩɫʀɝ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɣ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɦɹɟɣ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɦɣ ɪɫɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ Ɏ ɐ9,, ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭʀ ɝɲɠɨʀ ɭɛ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɣɪɮɴɠɨɨɺ ɴɩ ʀɬɨɮɾ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɛɦɠ ɢɨɛɤɭɣ ʁʁ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɨɠ ɝɟɛɝɛɦɩɬɷ Ƚʀɟɩɧɣɤ ɧɩɫɠɪɦɛɝɠɱɷ ȿɡɠɤɧɬ Ʌɮɥ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩɬɝʀɭɨɷɩʁ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡʀ ² ɫɫ ɭɫɣɲʀ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɠ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɠ ɥɩɦɩ ɫ ɝʀɨ ɟɩɬɺɞ ɪɟ ɳ ɛɦɠ ɨɛɭɫɛɪɣɝɳɣ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɨɠɢɟɩɦɛɨɨɮ ɥɫɣɞɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝ ɨɛɢɛɟ ɢ ɟɮɧɥɩɹ ɴɩ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɣ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ Ɏ ɫ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɩɝɛɨɩ ɪɠɫɳɮ ɫɩɬʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɮ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɹ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɳɮɥʀɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɉɲɩɦɣɦɣ ʁʁ ɏɛɟɠɤ ȼɠɦɦʀɨɬɞɛɮɢɠɨ ɧɛɦ ɭɛ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɩ Ɇɚɥ Ɏɚɞɟɣ Ɇɛɢɛɫɾɝ ɧɛɦ ɨɛ ɬɮɟɨɛɰ ©Ƚɩɬɭɩɥª ʀ ©ɇɣɫɨɣɤª Ɋʀɟ Ȼɟɥɥɿɧɫɝɚɭɡɟɧ ɲɛɬ ɟɝɩɫʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɦɛɝɛɨɨɺ ɧɩɫɠɪɦɛɝɱʀ ɟɠɝ·ɺɭɷ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɪʀɟɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɟɩ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ȳɧ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɝɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɠɡʀ ɩɪɣɬɛɭɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɦɷɩɟɮ ɤ ɩɬɩɜ ɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɬʀɲɨɺ ɫ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɛɭɩɹ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ Ɋʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɹɬɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥʀɝ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɦɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɤ ɪɩɦɹɬ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɩɫɝɠɡɠɱɷ ɋɮɛɦɷ Ȼɧɮɨɟɬɠɨ ɞɫɮɟɨɺ ɫ ɭɛ ɛɨɞɦʀɾɱɷ ɋɩɜɠɫɭ Ɍɥɩɭɭ ɬʀɲɨɺ ɫ ȿɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɹɬɮ ³ ɱɠ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ Ɇɚɥ Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨ ɬɪɩɝɨɠɨɛ ɧɮɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ɟɫɛɧɛɭɣɢɧɮ ɇɛɤɡɠ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ Ʌɚɡɚɪɽɜ ɟɩ ɨɛɤɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɩʁ ɭɩɲɥɣ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɝɣɫɮɳɣɦɣ ɟɝʀ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀʁ ³ ɨɩɫɝɠɢɷɥɛ ɪʀɟ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ɋɮɛɦɺ Ȼɧɮɨɟɬɠɨɛ ɧɛɦ ɭɛ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɋɩɜɠɫɭɩɧ Ɍɥɩɭɭɩɧ ɧɛɦ Ɉɩɫɝɠɡɱʀ ɺɥ ɢ·ɺɬɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɧɛɦɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɟɩɬɝʀɟɮ ɝ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡɛɰ ɪɩ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺɰ Ƚɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝɳɣ ɮɪɫɺɡɥɣ ɬɩɜɛɥ ɫɩɥɛɧɣ ɝɣɪɫɩɜɮɝɛɨɠ ɬɪɩɫɺɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɢ ɭɫɮɟɨɩɴɛɧɣ ɛɦɠ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɟʀɬɭɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɹɬɮ ɍɛɧ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɣ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɨɛɧɠɭ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɨɩɫɝɠɢɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɛɪɩɫ ʀ ɢɛɪɣɬɥɮ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɥɩɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɭɮɭ ɪɩɜɮɝɛɦɣ Ʌɩɦɣ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɺ Ɍɥɩɭɭɛ ɺɥɛ ɫɮɰɛɦɛɬɺ ɪʀɳɥɣ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɛ ɨɛ ɪɩɦɹɬ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɭɩ ɧɩɫɛɦɷɨɩ ʁɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɛɟɡɠ ɪɠɫɳʀ ³ ɨɠ ɝɩɨɣ Ɇɚɥ Ɋɭɚɥɶ Ⱥɦɭɧɞɫɟɧ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱȱ ɉɨɥɹɪɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɢ Ɉɛɢɛɟ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɟɩɜɣɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɪɫɣɞɨʀɲɠɨɩɧɮ ɬɭɛɨʀ ɭɛ ɤ ɪɩɞɩɟɛ ɨɠ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɛ Ɍɣɦɷɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥɛɟɠɨɨɛ ɜɮɫɺ ʀ ɰɩɦɩɟ ɨɠ ɟɛɦɣ ɟʀɤɭɣ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɟɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɩ ʁɡɮ ɭɛ ɪɛɦɣɝɩ ɂɨɠɬɣɦɠɨʀ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɢɛɧɠɫɢɦɣ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɧʀɬɺɱʀɝ ɢɨɛɤɳɦɣ ɢɛɬɣɪɛɨɣɤ ɬɨʀɞɩɧ ɨɛɧɠɭ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɭɛɝ ʁɰɨɷɩɹ ɧɩɞɣɦɩɹ Ɉɛ ɨʀɤ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɰɫɠɬɭ ɨɛ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɴɩ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɧ ɟɠɝʀɢɩɧ ɮɲɠɨɣɰ ɪɩɳɮɥɩɝɱʀɝ ©ȼɩɫɩɭɣɬɺ ɤ ɳɮɥɛɭɣ ɢɨɛɤɭɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɟɛɝɛɭɣɬɷª Ɏ ɟɩɪɩɧʀɡɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɞɩɨʀ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɳɩɧɮ ɠɭɛɪʀ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɋɩɜɠɫɭɛ Ɍɥɩɭɭɛ ɨɛ ɳɦɺɰɮ ɟɩ Ɇɚɥ Ɋɨɛɟɪɬ ɋɤɨɬɬ ɪɩɦɹɬɛ ɭɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɜɮɝ ʀ ɨɛɳ ɢɠɧɦɺɥ ³ Ȼɨɭɩɨ ɉɧɠɦɷɲɠɨɥɩ Ƚʀɟɭɩɟʀ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɜɮɰɭ ɝ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟʀ ɨɩɬɣɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɧ·ɺ ɇʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɞɠɩɯʀɢɣɲɨɣɤ Ɉɛɮɥɩɝʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɰ ɫʀɥ ɇȾɋ ³ ɱɠ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ ɟɩɫɩɥʀɝ ɐɐ ɬɭ ɂɛ ɪɠɫɳɮ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɮ ;; ɬɭ ɝ Ȼɨɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɭɛɫɥɭɣɟʀ ɪɩɜɮɝɛɦɩ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɤ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɢɠɧɨʀɤ ɥɩɫʀ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɥɫɛʁɨ ɂ ɫ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɫʀ ɭɛ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɧɮ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ Ƚɩɨɣ ɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɦʀɭɛɥʀɝ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɠ ɤ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɦɣɬɷ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɱɺɧɣ ɫʀɢɝɬɠɜʀɲɨɠ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɢ ɟɫɮɞɩʁ ɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɢɛ ɮɢɞɩɟɡɠɨɩɹ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɩɹ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɩɹ Ƚɪɠɫɳɠ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ ;; ɬɭ ɂ ɫɩɥɮ ɝ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟʀ ɪɫɛɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨɣɤ ɢ ɦɣɪɨɺ ɱɹɹɭɷ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨʀ ɬɭɛɨɱʀʁ Ɋɠɫ ɫ ɪɩ ɞɫɮɟɨɺ ɫ ɢɛ ɳɣɧɣ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɱɷɥɮ ɬɭɛɨɱʀɹ ɮɲɛɬɭɹ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɲɣɬɦʀ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɣ Ɏ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ² ɫɫ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɪʀɟɞɩɤ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɭɩɝɥɣ ʀ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɇʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɞɠɩɯʀɢɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɩɝɛɨɩ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀʁ ɱʀɦɩɞɩ ɫɺɟɮ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɢ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺɧ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ ɭɠɰɨʀɥɣ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨʀ ɬɭɛɨɱʀʁ ɌɓȻ ɮ ɫɩɱʀ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɣ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɮ ɬɭɛɨɱʀɹ ɨɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɦɹɬʀ ɺɥɮ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ ©Ȼɧɮɨɟɬɠɨ Ɍɥɩɭɭª Ɍɛɧɠ ɨɛ ʁʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɩ ɩɯʀɱʀɤɨɮ ɭɩɲɥɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɹɬɮ ɧɛɦ ȳʁ ɛɜɬɩɦɹɭɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ɨɛɟ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɧɩɫɺ ³ ɧ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɭɛ ɧɣɫɮ Ƚ ɫ ɜɮɝ ɪʀɟɪɣɬɛɨɣɤ ȿɩɞɩɝʀɫ ɪɫɩ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɜɫɛɝ ɲɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɮ ɫ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɩɹ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɱʀɾʁ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɩʁ ɮɞɩɟɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɠɨɨɺ ɮɧɩɝ ɟɦɺ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ʀ Ɇɚɥ Ɉɮɿɰɿɣɧɚ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɣɫɮ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɂɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ȿɩɩɨɥɸɫɭ ɬɚ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɣ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɫɬɚɧɰɿʀ ɞɩɝɩɫɩɧ ɮɬʀɧ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɣɥɩ©Ⱥɦɭɧɞɫɟɧ ɋɤɨɬɬª
ɌȿɆȺ Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɭ
Ɇɚɥ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɚ ɚɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɿɹ ©Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɿɤ ȼɟɪɧɚɞɫɶɤɢɣª
ɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭ ɢ ɝɩɾɨɨɩɹ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɝɩɜɩɟɛ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ɭɛ ɩɜɧʀɨ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩɹ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɾɹ Ƚ ɫ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɛɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɮ ɨɛ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɨɛ ɝɣɟɩɜɮɭɩɥ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ ɝ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟʀ ɇʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɬɭɛɭɮɬ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɪɩɦɺɞɛɾ ɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ʁʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɨɠ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɡɩɟɨʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɍɮɭ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ɍɹɟɣ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛ ɪɠɝɨɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɪɫɣʁɡɟɡɛɹɭɷ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɱʀ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɛɱɹɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɭɛɨɱʀɺɰ Ɍɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɨɛɮɥɩɝʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɛ ɬɭɛɨɱʀɺ ©Ȼɥɛɟɠ ɧʀɥ Ƚɠɫɨɛɟɬɷɥɣɤª Ɉɛ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɝ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟʀ ɟʀɾ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɬɭɛɨɱʀɤ ʀ ɜɛɢ ɴɩ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧ ɺɥʀ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɹɭɷ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ȳɢ ɫ ɨɛ ɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɤ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥʀɤ ɨɛɮɥɩɝʀɤ ɬɭɛɨɱʀʁ ©ɏɛɫɛɟɠɤª ɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɮ ɞɫɮɪɛ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɱʀɝ ɢ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɉɣɨʀ ɱɠ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɛ ɬɭɛɨɱʀɺ ©Ȼɥɛɟɠɧʀɥ Ƚɠɫɨɛɟɬɷɥɣɤª ɧɛɦ ɋɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɣ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ɝ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀ ɟɦɺ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɛ Ȼɟɡɠ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɭɣɟɮ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ©ɥɮɰɨɠɹ ɪɩɞɩɟɣ ɬɝʀɭɮª Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɮɲɠɇɠɭɠɩɫɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɨɣɰ ɺɥʀ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɢɝɣɟɛɹɭɷ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɭɩɲɨʀɳɠ ɪɫɩɞɨɩɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɞɩɟɮ ɭɛ ɲɛɤ ɝ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟʀ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɩɬʀɜ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɨɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɰ ɧɛɦ Ƚɢɣɧɥɮ ɭɛɧ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɾɭɷɬɺ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ³ ɱɠ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɛ ʀɬɭɩɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɨʀɡ ɫʀɺ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ Ɉɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɛɨɛɦʀ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɱʀɝ ɢɮ ɝʀɟʀɜɫɛɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɜ ɦɷɩɟɮ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣ ɪɩɰɩɦɩɟɛɨɷ ɭɛ ɪɩɭɠɪɦʀɨɷ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɢɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɧʀɦɷɤɩɨʀɝ ɫɩɥʀɝ Ƚɣɝɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɛ ɜɮɟɩɝɛ ɬɥɦɛɟ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɫɩɢɝʀɟɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɩɝʀ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ ɺɥʀ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɝ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɩɬɝɩɹɝɛɭɣɧɮɭɷɬɺ ɇɠɟɣɥɣ ɟɩɬɦʀɟ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱȱ ɉɨɥɹɪɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɢ ɡɮɹɭɷ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɬɮɝɩɫɩʁ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɪɩɞɩɟɣ ɨɛ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɜʀɩɦɩɞɣ ³ ɝɣɟɣ ɧʀɥɫɩɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧʀɝ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɭɛ ʁɰɨɾ ɪɫɣɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɰ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɂɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɟɠɭɛɦɷɨɮ ɥɛɫɭɮ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɟɨɛ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɫɮɰɮ ɭɠɲʀɤ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɝʀɭɫʀɝ Ɏɲɠɨʀ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɟɩɞɩɆɚɥ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɝɩɫʀɝ ɩɜɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩɹ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɾɹ ɧɚ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɿ ɡ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨʀ ɭɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɹɭɷ ɩɟɨʀ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɮ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɱɷɥʀɤ ɦɨɛɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɿʀ ɫɩɜɩɭʀ ɐɩɲɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɨɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɝ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɺɰ ɮɲɠɨɣɧ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɛ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɛ ɭɠɰɨʀɥɛ ³ ɬɮɟɨɛ ɥɫɣɞɩɦɛɧɣ ɬɛɨɨɩ ɭɫɛɥɭɩɫɨɣɤ ɭɫɛɨɬɪɩɫɭ ɛɝʀɛɱʀɺ ɬɮɪɮɭɨɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɢɝ·ɺɢɩɥ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɠɦɠɞɥɩ Ɍɥɦɛɟɨʀ ɪɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɟɩɝɞɛ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɛ ɨʀɲ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɠ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɝʀɟ ɟɩɧɮ ³ ɱɠ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɝɬʀ ɭɫɮɟɨɩɴʀ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɟɩɝɩɟɣɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɦɛɭɣ ɢɛɟɦɺ ɨɛɮɥɣ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɤɚ" ɏɬɨ ɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɜɩɟɪɲɟ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɜ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɭ" ɑɨɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɚ ɛɭɜ
ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɢɣ ɧɚɣɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ" ɏɬɨ ɿ ɹɤ ɭɩɟɪɲɟ ɩɿɞɤɨɪɢɜ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɸɫ" əɤ ɜɟɞɭɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɿ" əɤɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ"
A
Ɂ ɹɤɨɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɿ"
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ȼɢɡɧɚɱ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɢ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɚɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɫɬɚɧɰɿʀ ©Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɿɤ ȼɟɪɧɚɞɫɶɤɢɣª ɉɪɨɤɥɚɞɢ ɧɚ ɝɥɨɛɭɫɿ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɧɢɬɤɢ ɧɚɣɤɨɪɨɬɲɭ ɜɿɞɫɬɚɧɶ ɜɿɞ ɫɬɚɧɰɿʀ ©Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɿɤ ȼɟɪɧɚɞɫɶɤɢɣª ɞɨ ɦɢɫɭ Ƚɨɪɧ ɬɚ ɦɿɫɬɚ Ʉɢɽɜɚ ȼɢɡɧɚɱ ɡɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɦ ɝɥɨɛɭɫɚ ɰɸ ɜɿɞɫɬɚɧɶ
E
Ⱦɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɢ ɦɨɪɿɜ ɛɿɥɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɿɜ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
Ɍɟɦɚ
ɉɊɂɊɈȾȺ ɆȺɌȿɊɂɄȺ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɛ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɢɣ ɫɜɿɬ" əɤɿ ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɥɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɨɡɨɧɨɜɢɣ ɲɚɪ ɬɚ ɹɤɟ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ Ɂɟɦɥɿ"
ɍɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɛ ɜɮɟɩɝɛ ʀ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ Ⱦɩɫɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɛ ɺɥ ʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɜɮɦɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ Ⱦɩɨɟɝɛɨɣ ɤ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɣɦɛɬɷ ɝʀɟ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɨɠɟɛɝɨɩ ɝ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɲɛɬʀ Ƚ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɛ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɛ ɍɫɛɨɬɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɧɛɦ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɮ ʀ ɬɰʀɟɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ȼɠɫɠɞɣ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɩɫʀɢɛɨʀ ɛ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɭɮɭ ɧɠɨɳ ɪɩɭɮɡɨɣɤ ʀ ɪɩɫɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɣɧɣ ɰɫɠɜɭɛɧɣ ɍɛɧ ɮ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɷ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ³ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɠɨɨɺ Ȼɨɟ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ³ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ Ȼɨɟɣ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɛ ³ ɞɩɫɛ ȿɡɠɥɬɩɨ ʁʁ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ³ ɧ Ɉɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧʀɡ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ Ȼɨɟɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɍɫɛɨɬɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɞɩɫɛɧɣ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɀɦɬɝɩɫɭ ɢ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɩɹ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɩɹ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪʀɥɩɧ Ƚʀɨɬɩɨ ɧ ɝ ɩɟɨɩɤɧɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɧɛɬɣɝʀ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɝɬɺ ɫɺɟ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀɝ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ Ɋɫɩɱɠɬ ʁɰ Ɇɚɥ Ɍɪɚɧɫɚɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɿ ɝɨɪɢ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨɩɹ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɹ Ȳ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ ɮ ɧɩɫʀ ɋɩɬɬɛ ɾ ɟʀɹɲʀ ɝɮɦɥɛɨɣ Ʌɩɨɮɬ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɩɞɩ ɢ ɨɣɰ ³ ɀɫɠɜɮɬɛ ɢɟʀɤɧɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɨʀɡ ɨɛ ɭɣɬ ɧ ɨɛɟ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɧɩɫɺ ɧɛɦ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ʀ ɪʀɟɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɋɠɦɷɾɯ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɟɝɩɪɩɝɠɫɰɩɝɣɤ ɢɞɩɫɣ ³ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɢɨɣɢɮ ³ ɥɩɫʀɨɨɣɤ ɢɠɧɨɛ ɥɩɫɛ Ƚɣɬɩɥʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɧɩɡɆɚɥ ɉɿɤ ȼɿɧɫɨɧ ɭ ɦɚɫɢɜɿ ȼɿɧɫɨɧ ɝɿɪ ɨɛ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɭɣ ɺɥ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɝɣɰɩɟɮ ɨɣɡɨɷɩɞɩ ȿɥɫɜɨɪɬ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱȱ ɉɨɥɹɪɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɢ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɭɥɤɚɧ ȿɪɟɛɭɫ
ɦ ɦ 0 ɦ ɦ
Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚ ɜɢɫɨɬɚ ɩɿɞɥɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ
Ɇɚɥ Ʉɪɚɣ ɲɟɥɶɮɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɚ Ɋɨɫɫɚ
ɪɩɝɠɫɰɮ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɧɛɦ Ɏɬʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɝɥɫɣɭʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɧ ɪɛɨɱɣɫɩɧ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɭɩɝɴɣɨɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɧ ɛ ɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɛ ³ ² ɧ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɝɬɺ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɧɦɨ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɚɥɴɩ ɡ ɢɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɫɣɤɧɛɭɣ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɭɩ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɛ ɾ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɣɧ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɧ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ³ ɧ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɪɛɨɱɣɫ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɧɛɾ ɥɮɪɩɦɩɪɩɟʀɜɨɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɮ ɝ ɱɠɨɭɫʀ ɤ ɢɨɣɡɠɨɮ ɟɩ ɥɫɛʁɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ɪʀɟɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɧ Ȼɟɡɠ ɮ ɬɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɟɠ ɪʀɟɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨɣɤ ɪɩɟɠɥɮɟɣ ɪʀɟɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɧ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɝʀɟ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɧɩɫɺ Ɍɛɧɠ ɭɮɭ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɾ ɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɪɩɭɮɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɓɠɦɷɯɩɝʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɪɛɨɱɣɫ ɥɫɮɭɣɧ ɮɬɭɮɪɩɧ ɩɜɫɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɲɣ ɳɠɦɷɯɩɝʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ Ɉɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ʁɰ ɭɛɥ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɝɣɰɩɟɺɲɣ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɝ ɧɩɫɠ ʁɰɨɺ ɨɣɡɨɺ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧʀɬɱɺɧɣ ɩɪɣɫɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɳɠɦɷɯ ɑʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɢ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɧ ɴɣɭɩɧ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɾɟɣɨɠ ɱʀɦɠ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɳɠɦɷɯɩɝɣɤ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ³ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥ ɋɩɬɬɛ ɳɣɫɣɨɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɥɧ ɛ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɛ ³ ɥɧ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛɟɫɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɏ ɨɛɟɫɛɰ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɝɣɺɝɦɠɨɩ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɥɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ ɫɮɟɣ ɲɩɫɨɣɰ ʀ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɝɣɰ ɧɠɭɛɦʀɝ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɠ ɝɮɞʀɦɦɺ ɛɦɧɛɢɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ Ȼɦɠ ɝɣɟɩɜɮɭɩɥ ʁɰ ɝ ɬɮɝɩɫɣɰ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɤ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɭɫɮɟɨɩɴɛɧɣ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɟʀɾ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɛ ɮɞɩɟɛ ɪɫɩ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɮ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɟɫ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ
Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ ʀ ɦɷɩɟɣ Ⱦɩɫɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɛ ³ ɨɛɤɰɩɦɩɟɨʀɳɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɣɤ ɥɮɭ ɪɛɟʀɨɨɺ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀɝ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɦʀɟ ɝʀɟɜɣɝɛɾ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝɬʀ ɬɩɨɺɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀ ɴɩ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɇɛɤɡɠ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɫɛɟʀɛɱʀʁ ɝ ɦʀɭɨʀɤ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɟɜɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ Ƚ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɩʁ ɨɩɲʀ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɣɦɷɨɠ ɝɣɰɩɦɩɟɡɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɱɠ ɝɣɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɟɠ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɦʀɭɩɧ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɟɩɜɩɝʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɹɭɷ ² Ɍ ɛ ɢɣɧɩɹ ɝɩɨɣ ɟɩɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɟɩ ² ² Ɍ Ɉɛ ɬɭɛɨɱʀʁ ©Ƚɩɬɭɩɥª ɢɛɫɠɾɬɭɫɩɝɛɨɩ ɨɛɤɨɣɡɲɮ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɮ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ² Ɍ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɝɣɴʀ ɦʀɭɩɧ ³ ɟɩ Ɍ ɢɣɧɩɹ ³ ɟɩ ² ² Ɍ ɔɠ ɩɟɨɛ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɛ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɛ ɬɮɝɩɫɩɬɭʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ³ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ɨɛɟ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɧɩɫɺ Ɏ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɬɣɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɩɰɩɦɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɝʀɟ ɺɥɩʁ ɮ ɜʀɥ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɟɧɮɭɷ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɹɭɷ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɮɫɛɞɛɨɨɩʁ ɬɣɦɣ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɳɝɣɟɥʀɬɭɷ ɟɩ ɥɧ ɞɩɟ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɪɩɪɩɝɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɫɛɰɮɨɩɥ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɬɨʀɞɮ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɧɧ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɫʀɥ ɮ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ʁɰɨɺ Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɿɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɾ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɟɠɬɺɭ©ȼɨɫɬɨɤª ɥʀɝ ɧʀɦʀɧɠɭɫʀɝ Ƚʀɟ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɨɛɤɪɩɭɮɡɨʀɳɣɰ ɲɛ ɬ ɭɣɨ ɥɮɪɩɦɛ ɦʀɟ ɫɩɢɭʀɥɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ɩɥɫɛʁɨ ɟɠ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɤɩɞɩ ɭɩɝɴɣɨɛ ɨɛɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɧɠɨɳɛ Ɇʀɭɩɧ ɨɛ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɛ ³ ɱɠ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɢɦɠɟɠɨʀɨɨɺ ɂɠɧɩɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɢɛ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɝɣɴɠ ɝʀɟ Ɍ ɦʀ Ƚ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɦɷɩɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɛɨɠɨɨɺ ɦɷɩɟʀɝ ɧɛɦ ɟɩɝɩɧɮ ɪɩɥɫɣɝʀ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɠɨɩ ɛɦɠ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɨɠ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɜ·ɾɧɮ ɦɷɩɟɮ ɝɬʀɾʁ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɮ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ʀɬɨɮɾ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɤ ɪɫɣɚɥɴɩ ɝɠɬɷ ɦʀɟ ɫɩɢɭɛɨɮɝ ɜɣ ɭʀɥ ɦɷɩɟɮ ɢ ɱɠɨɭɫɮ Ɇɷɩɟɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɭɩ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ Ɍɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɫɝɨɩɧɮ ɫɮɬʀ ɪɩɪʀɟɨɺɝɬɺ ɜ ɨɛ ɧ ɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɭɛ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɬɪɩɝɢɛɹɲɣ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɢʀ ɳɝɣɟɥʀɬɭɹ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɥɧ ɢɛ ɫʀɥ Ʌɫɛʁ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɛ ɧʀɬɱɺɧɣ ɝɣɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɢɛ ɧɠɡʀ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɭɛ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɧʀɦɥɩɝɩɟɟʀ ɳɠɦɷɯɩɝʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ Ƚʀɟ ɥɫɛʁɝ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɴɣɭɛ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɝʀɟɥɩɦɹɹɭɷɬɺ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱȱ ɉɨɥɹɪɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɢ ɜɫɣɦɣ ɫʀɢɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɮ ³ ɛɤɬɜɠɫɞɣ ʀ ɝɣɨɩɬɺɭɷɬɺ ɭɠɲʀɺɧɣ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨ Ɋɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɭɫɛɪɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɬɮɳʀ ɝʀɦɷɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɦɷɩɟɮ ³ ɭɛɥ ɢɝɛɨʀ ɩɛɢɣɬɣ ɑɠ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɬɭʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɢ ɩɢɠɫɛɧɣ ȳɰɨɾ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɨɠ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɩ Ɇɚɥ Ɋɨɡɦɟɪɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɛɟɪɟɠɧɨʀ ɤɪɢɝɢ ɥɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɚ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɢɛ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨɩɹ ɛɤɬ ɜɠɫɞɣ ɳɠɦɷɯɩɝɣɰ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɣ ɟɠɬɺɭɥɣ ʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɬɩɭɨʀ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ ȳɰɨɺ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɧ Ɏ ɨɣɰ ɫʀɝɨɛ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɛɦɷɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɬɭɫɩɞɩ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨʀ ɭɛ ɫʀɝɨʀ ɜʀɲɨʀ ɬɭʀɨɥɣ
Ɇɚɥ Ɇɨɯɢ ɬɚ ɞɟɹɤɿ ɬɪɚɜɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɦ¶ɹɧɢɫɬɢɯ ɫɤɟɥɹɯ ɡ¶ɹɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɜɥɿɬɤɭ
ɋɩɬɦɣɨɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ ɭɛ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɂɣɭɭɺ ɝ ɩɛɢɣɬɛɰ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɢ ɬɮɝɩɫɣɧ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɩɧ ɑɠ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɛ ɢɩɨɛ ɛɜɩ ɢɩɨɛ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ Ƚɣɟɩɝɣɤ ɬɥɦɛɟ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɨɠ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɤ ɛɦɠ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɤ Ɂɣɭɭɺ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɠɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɝ ɩɛɢɣɬɛɰ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɝɬɭɣɞɛɹɭɷ ɢɛ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɠ ɦʀɭɩ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɪɫɩɞɫʀɭɣɬɺ ʀ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɭɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɥɫɣɞɣ Ɉɛ ɱɣɰ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɰ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɬɭɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɭɛ ɬɥɠɦɺɰ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɧɩɰɣ ɭɛ ɦɣɳɛɤɨɣɥɣ ɧɛɦ ɛ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɭɛ ɦɷɩɟɮ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɧʀɥɫɩɬɥɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɝʀ ɝɩɟɩɫɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ɜɛɥɭɠɫʀʁ ȿɩ ɝɣɴɣɰ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɨɠɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɭɫɛɝ ɴɩ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɥɫɛʁ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɭɛ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɥɣ Ɂɣɭɭɺ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɤ ɪɫɣɜɠ ɫɠɡɨɣɰ ɝɩɟɛɰ Ɉɛɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɬɬɛɝɱʀɝ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɨɠɧɛɾ Ɉɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɠ ɢ ɩɥɠɛɨɩɧ Ɏ ɪɫɣɜɠɫɠɡɨɣɰ ɝɩɟɛɰ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɦɛɨɥɭɩɨɮ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɰ ɫɛɥɩɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɰ Ɉɣɧɣ ɡɣɝɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɫɣɜɣ ɥɣɭɩɪɩɟʀɜɨʀ ɦɛɬɭɩɨɩɞʀ ɪɭɛɰɣ Ƚ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɝɩɟɛɰ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɥɣɭɣ ɥɛɳɛɦɩɭɣ ɥɩɬɛɭɥɣ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ Ɉɛ ɛɤɬɜɠɫɞɣ ɥɫɣɡɛɨʀ ɜɠɫɠɞɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝɣɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɭɹɦɠɨʀ ɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɦɠɩɪɛɫɟɣ ɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɬɦɩɨɣ Ɉɛɤɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀɳʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ³ ɪʀɨɞɝʀɨɣ ɪɭɛɰɣ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɦʀɭɛɹɭɷ ɛɦɠ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɪɦɛɝɛɹɭɷ ɋɩɢɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥɣɰ ɪʀɨɞɝʀɨʀɝ Ȼɟɠɦʀ ɝɛɞɛ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɥɞ ɤ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɢɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɛɬɩɹ ɟɩ ɥɞ ʀ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɧ ɧɛɦ Ɇʀɭɩɧ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɨɣɰ ɬɥɠɦɺɰ ɞɨʀɢɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɲɛɤɥɣ ɜɮɫɠɝʀɬɨɣɥɣ ɜɛɥɦɛɨɣ ɛɦɷɜɛɭɫɩɬɣ ɪɩɧɩɫɨɣɥɣ ³ ɞɩɦɩɝɨʀ ɝɩɫɩɞɣ ɪʀɨɞɝʀɨʀɝ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ ɭɛ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ Ƚ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɱʀ ɤ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟʀ ʀɬɨɮɾ ɫɺɟ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧ ɉɟɨɛ ʀɢ ɨɣɰ ³ ɱɠ ɪɩɫɮɳɠɨɨɺ ɩɢɩɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɳɛɫɮ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɾ ɡɣɝʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɮɦɷɭɫɛɯʀɩɦɠɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɝɣɪɫɩɧʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ɍɩɨɱɺ ɂɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɥɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɝɣɬɨɛɡɣɦɣɬɺ ɍɩɧɮ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɛ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɫɣɜɣ ɥɣɭʀɝ ɭɹɦɠɨʀɝ Ɋɩɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɪɫɩɧɣɬɠɦ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɩɜɧɠɡɠɨɩ ɑɠ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɟɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɢɨɣɥɛɹɲʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɲɣɬɠɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ Ɍɮɝɩɫɩ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɛɜɫɮɟɨɠɨɨɺ ɥɛɭɠɞɩɫɣɲɨɩ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɠɨɩ ɝɣɥɣɟɣ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɬɧʀɭɭɺ ɲɣ ɬɭʀɲɨɣɰ ɝɩɟ ʀɢ ɥɩɫɛɜɦʀɝ Ɏ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɠɨɩ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɢɛɪɛɬʀɝ ɪɫʀɬɨɩʁ ɝɩɟɣ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ɏɡɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɩ ɬɪɫɩɜɣ ɭɫɛɨɬɪɩɫɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɛɤɬɜɠɫɞʀɝ ɟɩ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɉɬɭɛɨɨʀɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɠɥɩɦɩɞɣ ɬɭɫɣɝɩɡɠɨʀ ɝɬɠ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɭɮɫɣɬɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɮɹɭɷ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɮ Ƚɩɨɣ ɪɫɣɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɹɟɣ ɨɛ ɬɮɟɨɛɰ Ɏɨɣɥɨɮɭɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɬɩɲɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɝ ɲɣɬɭʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɛ ɱɠ ɢɛɞɫɩɡɮɾ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɹ ɜʀɟɩɹ Ⱦɣɨɮɭɷ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɟɫʀɜɨʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧɣ ɴɩ ɾ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ ɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ʀɨɳɣɰ ³ ɫɣɜ ɲɛɤɩɥ ɭɹɦɠɨʀɝ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? Ƚ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɝɩɟɛɰ ɧɠɳɥɛɾ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɛ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɣ ³ ɬɣɨʀɤ ɥɣɭ Ƚʀɨ ɧɩɡɠ ɧɛɭɣ ɧ ɢɛɝɟɩɝɡɥɣ ʀ ɝɛɡɣɭɣ ɭɩɨɨ
Ɇɚɥ ȱɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɶɤɿ ɩɿɧɝɜɿɧɢ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɍɮɫɣɢɧ ɝ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟʀ ɪɩɲɛɝɬɺ ɢ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɮʁɢʀɝ ɝ ɰ ɫɩɥɛɰ ɀɥɬɥɮɫɬʀɤɨʀ ɛɝʀɛɪɠɫɠɦɷɩɭɣ ɭɮɟɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɰ ɫɩɥɛɰ ɢ Ȼɝɬɭɫɛɦʀʁ ʀ Ɉɩɝɩʁ ɂɠɦɛɨɟʀʁ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱȱ ɉɨɥɹɪɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɢ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ əɤɿ ɞɿɥɹɧɤɢ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɢ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ ɧɚɣɫɬɚɪɿɲɿ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɧɚɣɦɨɥɨɞɲɿ" əɤɚ ɜɢɫɨɬɚ ɥɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɢɜɭ ɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" ɑɨɦɭ ɫɚɦɟ ɜ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɿ ɡɚɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚɣɧɢɠɱɿ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɿ" əɤ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɿ ɜɿɬɪɢ ɜ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɿ" əɤɿ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ʀɯ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ" ɇɚɡɜɢ ɬɢɩɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ əɤɿ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɽ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ" əɤ ʀɯ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɪɨɡɜ¶ɹɡɚɬɢ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ əɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɚɸɱɿ ɝɥɢɛɢɧɢ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɨ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ" əɤ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɜɢɣ ɥɿɞ" Ⱦɟ ɡɚɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚɣɧɢɠɱɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɿ" ɑɨɦɭ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɠɢɜɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɭ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɿ ɧɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɟ ɛɟɡ ɡɜ¶ɹɡɤɭ ɡ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɦ" əɤ ɠɢɜɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɢ ɩɪɢɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɭɜɨɪɢɯ ɚɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ" Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɭ ɡɚɫɨɛɚɯ ɦɚɫɨɜɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣ ɜ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɰɿ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ
Ʌɩɫɩɭɥɩ ɪɫɩ ɢɧʀɬɭ ɭɠɧ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɮ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɛ ³ ɨɛɤɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ Ƚʀɨ ɧɛɾ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨɠ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɥɫʀɧ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɠ ɝʀɟ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɩɞɩ ɥɩɦɛ Ɍɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɠ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɣɰ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ³ ɨɛɺɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɮɱʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɮ ɬʀɲɨɺ ɫ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɛɭɩɹ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɫɩɬʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɾɹ ɺɥɮ ɩɲɩɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɏɛɟɠɤ ȼɠɦɦʀɨɬɞɛɮɢɠɨ ɭɛ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɩ Ɇɛɢɛɫɾɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥʀɝ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɦɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɤ ɪɩɦɹɬ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɩɫɝɠɡɠɱɷ ɋɮɛɦɷ Ȼɧɮɨɟɬɠɨ ɞɫɮɟɨɺ ɫ ɭɛ ɛɨɞɦʀɾɱɷ ɋɩɜɠɫɭ Ɍɥɩɭɭ ɬʀɲɨɺ ɫ Ɏ ɫ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɪʀɟɪɣɬɛɦɣ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ȿɩɞɩɝʀɫ ɪɫɩ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɮ ɂɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ɱʀɾɹ ɮɞɩɟɩɹ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭ ɢ ɝɩɾɨɨɩɹ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɝɩɜɩɟɛ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ɭɛ ɩɜɧʀɨ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩɹ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɾɹ ɋɠɦɷɾɯ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɟɝɩɪɩɝɠɫɰɩɝɣɤ ɢɞɩɫɣ ³ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɢɨɣɢɮ ³ ɥɩɫʀɨɨɣɤ ɢɠɧɨɛ ɥɩɫɛ ɚɥɴɩ ɢɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɫɣɤɧɛɭɣ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɭɩ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɛ ɾ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɣɧ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɧ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ³ ɧ Ƚ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɛ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɛ ɍɫɛɨɬɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɮ ʀ ɬɰʀɟɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ɏ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɷ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ³ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɠɨɨɺ Ȼɨɟ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ³ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ Ȼɨɟɣ Ɉɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧʀɡ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ Ȼɨɟɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɍɫɛɨɬɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɞɩɫɛɧɣ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɀɦɬɝɩɫɭ ɢ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɩɹ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɩɹ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪʀɥɩɧ Ƚʀɨɬɩɨ ɧ ɝ ɩɟɨɩɤɧɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɧɛɬɣɝʀ Ɉɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ ɮ ɧɩɫʀ ɋɩɬɬɛ ɾ ɟʀɹɲʀ ɝɮɦɥɛɨɣ Ɏ Ɍɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟʀ ɪʀɟɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨɣɤ Ɋɩɟɠɥɮɟɣ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɥɩɫʀɨɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɝʀɟ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɛ ³ ɨɛɤɰɩɦɩɟɨʀɳɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ɏ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɦʀɭɩɧ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɟɩɜɩɝʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɨɠ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɣɴɠ ɝʀɟ ² Ɍ ɛ ɢɣɧɩɹ ɝɩɨɣ ɟɩɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɟɩ ² ² Ɍ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɛ ³ ɱɠ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɢɦɠɟɠɨʀɨɨɺ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɩɥɫɣɭɩ ɪɩɭɮɡɨɣɧ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɧ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɩɧ Ɇɷɩɟɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɫɝɨɩɧɮ ɫɮɬʀ Ƚʀɟ ɥɫɛʁɝ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɴɣɭɛ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɝʀɟɥɩɦɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɛɤɬɜɠɫɞɣ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɢ ɬɮɝɩɫɣɧ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɩɧ ɑɠ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɛ ɢɩɨɛ ɛɜɩ ɢɩɨɛ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ Ƚ ɩɛɢɣɬɛɰ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɨɛ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɠɨɣɰ ɝʀɟ ɥɫɣɞɣ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɰ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɧɩɰɣ ɭɛ ɦɣɳɛɤɨɣɥɣ Ɉɛɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɬɬɛɝɱʀɝ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɨɠɧɛɾ Ɉɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɠ ɢ ɩɥɠɛɨɩɧ Ɉɛɤɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀɳʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ³ ɪʀɨɞɝʀɨɣ Ƚ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟʀ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɇʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɬɭɛɭɮɬ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɠ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɡɩɟɨʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱȱȱ ɉɨɥɹɪɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɢ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɭɫɸ ɬɟɦɭ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɿ ɪɢɫɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" əɤ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɬɚ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɥɢ ɬɪɭɞ-
ɧɨɳɿ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤɿɜ" əɤɢɣ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ" əɤɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɫɬɜɚ" Ɋɨɡɤɚɠɢ ɩɪɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɯ ɜ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɿ əɤɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɢ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ" ɑɨɦɭ ɜ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɿ ɧɟ ɛɭɜɚɽ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɭɫɿɜ" əɤɚ ɬɨɜɳɢɧɚ ɥɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɢɜɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" əɤ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɚɣɫɛɟɪɝɢ" ɑɨɦɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɧɚɞ ɫɭɲɟɸ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ ɧɢɠɱɚ ɧɿɠ ɧɚɞ ɩɨ-
ɜɟɪɯɧɟɸ ɭɡɛɟ ɪɟɠɠɹ" ɑɨɦɭ ɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ ɦɚɥɨ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ" ɋɤɿɥɶɤɢ ʀɯ ɜɢɩɚ-
ɞɚɽ" əɤɿ ɡɚɩɚɫɢ ɩɪɿɫɧɢɯ ɜɨɞ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" əɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɡɿ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɢɦɢ
ɡɚɩɚɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɿɫɧɢɯ ɜɨɞ" ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɤɢ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɚɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɿ ɨɚɡɢɫɢ"
D
ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ȼɢɡɧɚɱ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɬɚ ʀʀ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɞɨɜɠɢɧɭ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɿɜ Ɋɭ-
ɚɥɹ Ⱥɦɭɧɞɫɟɧɚ ɬɚ Ɋɨɛɟɪɬɚ ɋɤɨɬɬɚ ɞɨ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɸɫɚ ȼ ɤɨɝɨ ɛɭɥɚ ɛɿɥɶɲɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɝɚ ɭ ɩɟɪɲɨɫɬɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ" Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɿ ɬɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɢ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɚɧ-
ɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɫɬɚɧɰɿʀ ©Ⱥɦɭɧɞɫɟɧ ɋɤɨɬɬª ȼɢɦɿɪɹɣ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɧɿɫɬɶ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɥɸɫɚ ɞɨ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɹ ɜɡɞɨɜɠ ɧɭ-
ɥɶɨɜɨɝɨ ɿ ɦɟɪɢɞɿɚɧɿɜ Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɣ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɿ ɜɢɩɢɲɢ ɜ ɡɨɲɢɬ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɢ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɤɢ Ʉɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɚɬɥɚɫɨɦ ɜɢɩɢɲɢ ɜ ɡɨɲɢɬ ɧɚɡɜɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɤɨɬɪɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ
ɚɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɰɶɤɿ ɫɬɚɧɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɜɤɚɠɢ ʀɯɧɸ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ Ⱥɧɚɥɿɡɭɸɱɢ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱ ɦɿɧɿɦɚɥɶɧɿ ɬɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɿ ɿɡɨɬɟɪɦɢ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ
Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɢ ɜɡɢɦɤɭ ɿ ɜɥɿɬɤɭ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ 9
ǺǮȀdzǾǶǸǶ ǽǥǰǻǥȅǻǼǦ ǽǥǰǸȁǹǥ
Ɍɟɦɚ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ Ɍɟɦɚ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ Ɉɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɬɟɦɢ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ ɬɢ ɨɡɧɚɣɨɦɢɲɫɹ ɿɡ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɬɚ ɿɫɬɨɪɿɽɸ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɟɲ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ʀɯɧɶɨʀ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ ɬɚ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɿɜ ɬɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɪɿɱɤɨɜɨ ɨɡɟɪɧɨʀ ɦɟɪɟɠɿ ɬɚ ɩɿɞɡɟɦɧɢɯ ɜɨɞ ȱɡ ʉɪɭɧɬɨɜɨ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɧɢɦ ɩɨɤɪɢɜɨɦ ɿ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɧɢɦ ɫɜɿɬɨɦ ɨɡɧɚɣɨɦɢɲɫɹ ɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ Ȼɚɝɚɬɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɜɿɞɚɽɲɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɡɿ ɫɩɢɫɤɭ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ
Ɍɟɦɚ
ɉȱȼɇȱɑɇȺ ȺɆȿɊɂɄȺ
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ Ȳɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺ ɭɛ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ɑɢɦ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɝɟɨ ɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɠɟ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ" əɤɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɦɚɽ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚɦɢ" ɏɬɨ ɩɟɪɲɢɣ ɡ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɿɜ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɜ ɲɥɹɯ ɭɡɞɨɜɠ ɡɚɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɿ ɩɿɜɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ"
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɍɫɠɭʀɤ ɢɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɭɫɠɭʀɤ ɢɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɪʀɬɦɺ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɭɛ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ȳʁ ɪɦɩɴɛ ³ ɧɦɨ ɥɝɛɟɫɛɭɨɣɰ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɢ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɧɣ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ ɧɛɦ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɭɛ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɮ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦɺɰ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɾ ɭɫɩɪʀɥ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ³ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɠ ɥɩɦɩ Ʌɫɛɤɨʀ ɭɩɲɥɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ³ ɧɣɬ ɇɠɫɲʀɬɩɨ ɪɨ ɳ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫʀɝ ȼɮɭʀɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ³ ɧɣɬ ɇɛɫ·ɺɭɩ ɪɨ ɳ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ³ ɧɣɬ Ɍɠɨɭ ɒɛɫɦɷɢ ɢɰ ɟ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ³ ɧɣɬ Ɋɫɣɨɱɛ Ɏɠɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɰ ɟ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɩɧɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ʀɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɢʀ ɬɰɩɟɮ ɤ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɢ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ȼɠɫɣɨɞɩɝɛ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɛ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɾ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɮ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɮ ɝʀɟ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɛ Ɋɛɨɛɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɛɨɛɦ ³ ɝʀɟ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ȼɠɫɠɞɩɝɛ ɦʀɨʀɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɩɫʀɢɛɨɛ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɜʀɦɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɮɦʀ ³ Ⱦɫɠɨɦɛɨɟʀɺ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ ʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɭɛ ɧɛɦɣɰ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ Ʌɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ȼɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɛɫɰʀɪɠɦɛɞɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɆɚɥ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɧɿɦɤɭ ɡ ɨɛ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɾ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫʀɝ Ȼɦɺɬɥɮ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɺɥɩʁ ɾ Ȼɦɠɮɭɬɷɥʀ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɭ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ ɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɛ ³ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫʀɝ Ɇɛɜɫɛɟɩɫ ɴɩ ɩɧɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɛɦɠ ɧʀɦɥɩɹ Ⱦɮɟɢɩɨɩɝɩɹ ɢɛɭɩɥɩɹ ȼʀɦɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ Ɉɷɹɯɛɮɨɟɦɠɨɟ ɭɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɤ ɇɛɦʀ Ȼɨɭɣɦɷɬɷɥʀ ɉɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɹɭɷ ɝʀɟ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ʌɛɫɣɜɬɷɥɠ ɧɩɫɠ ɭɛ ɇɠɥɬɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɮ ɢɛɭɩɥɮ ɩɜɧɠɡɠɨɮ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɧɣ ɏɦɩɫɣɟɛ ɭɛ əɥɛɭɛɨ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɪɩɫʀɢɛɨɩɹ ɾ ɜɠɫɠɞɩɝɛ ɦʀɨʀɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɟɠ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɢɛɭɩɥ ʀ ɜɮɰɭ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɾ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɢɝɮɡɠɨɛ ɢɛɭɩɥɛ ³ Ʌɛɦʀɯɩɫɨʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɺɥɛ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɠɨɛ ɝʀɟ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɩɧ Ʌɛɦʀɯɩɫɨʀɺ Ɏ ɝɮɢɷɥɣɰ ɢɛɭɩɥɛɰ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɴɩ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɩ ɝɫʀɢɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɬɮɰɩɟʀɦ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɤɝɣɴʀ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɫɣɪɦɣɝɣ ³ ɟɩ ɧ ɢɛɭɩɥɛ ɏɛɨɟʀ ɧɛɦ ȼʀɦɺ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɆɚɥ Ɂɚɬɨɤɚ Ɏɚɧɞɿ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɜɿɞɩɥɢɜɭ ɥɛ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɭɠɲʀɤ Ȼɦɺɬɥʀɨɬɷɥɛ ɿ ɩɪɢɩɥɢɜɭ Ʌɛɦʀɯɩɫɨʀɤɬɷɥɛ Ɇɛɜɫɛɟɩɫɬɷɥɛ ʀ ɭɠɲʀɺ Ⱦɩɦɷɯɬɭɫʀɧ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ Ɏ ɯʀɢɣɲɨʀɤ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɪʀɟ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɨɛɲɨɩɹ ɪɫɩɭɺɡɨʀɬɭɹ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩɹ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɩɹ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɹɭɷ ɲɛɬɭɣɢ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɩɭɩɲɮɹɲɣɰ ɩɥɠɨɮ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɛɨʀɝ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɢɛ ɯɩɫɧɩɹ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɛ ɟɩ ɭɫɣɥɮɭɨɣɥɛ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ ɝʀɟ ɪɠɫɠɳɣɤɥɛ ɍɠɮɛɨɭɠɪɠɥ ɟɩ Ɋɛɨɛɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɝɮɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɟɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ Ɉɛɤɝɮɡɲɮ ɪɠɫɠɳɣɤɥɛ Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩ ɑɠɨɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɺɥɛ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɭɫɛɦɷɨɮ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɮ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ɫɩɢɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ɪɨ ɳ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɞɦɺɟɛɹɭɷ ɺɥ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɩɹ ɫɠɞʀɩɨ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ɋɛɨʀɝɨɛ ɧɩɝɛ Ɋɫɩɭɺɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝʀɟ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɭɛɧ ³ ʀɬɪɛɨɬɷɥɛ ɾɟɣɨɣɧ ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩɧ ɾ ɛɨɞɦɩɧɩɝɨɛ ɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɟɩ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɪɩ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨɮ ɢɰ ɟ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɥɧ ȼɠɦʀɢ Ƚʀɟ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ɪɨ ɳ ɝʀɟɬɭɛɨɷ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɥɧ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɥɫʀɧ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
Ȳɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺ ɭɛ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɚɦ¶ɹɬɧɢɤ Ʌɚɣɮɭ ȿɪɿɤɫɨɧɭ ɜ ɦɿɫɬɿ Ȼɨɫɬɨɧɿ ɋɒȺ
Ɇɚɥ Ⱦɠɨɧ Ʉɚɛɨɬ
Ɇɚɥ ɀɚɤ Ʉɚɪɬɶɽ
ȿɝʀɲʀ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɣɤ Ƚɪɠɫɳɠ ɨɩɞɛ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱɺ ɬɭɮɪɣɦɛ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;, ɬɭ ȿɠɬɷ ɮ ɛɜɩ ɫ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɪʀɟ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ɀɫʀɥɛ ɋɮɟɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɣ Ⱦɫɠɨ ɦɛɨɟʀɹ Ȼ ɝ ɫ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨ Ɇɛɤɯ ɀɫʀɥɬɩɨ ɧɛɦ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢ ɩɟɨɩɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɉɟɨɛɲɠ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɨɠ ɪʀɟɩɢɫɹɝɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɣ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɰ ʁɧ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ Ȳɬɦɛɨɟʀʁ ɭɛ Ⱦɫɠɨɦɛɨɟʀʁ ȿɛɭɩɹ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɡɩɝɭɨɺ ɫ ɥɩɦɣ ʀɬɪɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɧɩɫɠɪɦɛɝɱʀ ɩɲɩɦɹɝɛɨʀ ɐɫɣɬɭɩɯɩɫɩɧ Ʌɩɦɮɧɜɩɧ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ȼɦɠ ʀ Ʌɩɦɮɧɜ ɨɠ ɢɟɩɞɛɟɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɛɟɡɠ ɜɮɝ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ ɴɩ ɪɫɩɥɦɛɝ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ɟɩ Ȳɨɟʀʁ ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ƚɩɾɨɨʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ʀɬɪɛɨɱʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɪɫɺɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɳɦɺɰɛɧɣ Ʌɩɦɮɧɜɛ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɨɩɝɣɧɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺɧɣ ɂɛ ʀɬɪɛɨɱɺɧɣ ɜʀɦɺ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀʁ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ȳɰɨʀ ɧɛɫɳɫɮɭɣ ɪɫɩɦɺɞɛɦɣ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɳɠ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ ɴɩ ɝɡɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨʀ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀɾɹ Ɏ ɥʀɨɱʀ ;9 ɬɭ ʀɭɛɦʀɾɱɷ ȿɡɩɨ Ʌɛɜɩɭ ɧɛɦ ɨɛ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥʀɤ ɬɦɮɡɜʀ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝ ɟɦɺ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ Ɉɷɹɯɛɮɨɟɦɠɨɟ ɭɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ Ɇɛɜɫɛɟɩɫ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɐ9, ɬɭ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɛ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɺ ɪʀɟ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ Ɂɛɥɛ Ʌɛɫɭɷɾ ɧɛɦ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɛ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ Ɍɝ Ɇɛɝɫɠɨɭʀɺ ɤ ɮɝʀɤɳɦɛ ɝ ɞɣɫɦɩ ɩɟɨɩɤɧɠɨɨɩʁ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ɉɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɠ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɺɥɠ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ Ʌɛɨɛɟɩɹ Ȼɨɞɦʀɤɱʀ ȿɡɩɨ ȿɠɝʀɬ ;9 ɬɭ Ⱦɠɨɫʀ Ⱦɮɟɢɩɨ ;9, ɬɭ Ƚʀɦɷɺɧ ȼɛɯɯʀɨ ;9,, ɬɭ ɬɠɫ ɉɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫ ɇɛɥɥɠɨɢʀ ;9,,, ɬɭ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɣɦɣ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ʀ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɏ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭʀ ɭɛ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨʀ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɾ ɢɛɬɦɮɞɛ ɫɩɬʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɩɫɠɪɦɛɝɱʀɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ ;9,,, ɬɭ ɀɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɺ Ƚʀɭɮɬɛ ȼɠɫɣɨɞɛ ɭɛ ɉɦɠɥɬʀɺ ɒɣɫɣɥɩɝɛ ɪɫɩɤɳɦɛ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ Ȼɦɠɮɭɬɷɥɣɰ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɪʀɝɩɬɭ ɫɩɝɛ Ȼɦɺɬɥɛ ȼɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɩ ɭɛ ɩɪɣɬɛɨɩ ɨɩɝʀ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ ɭɛ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɫɩɬʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɝ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ ɓɠ-
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɦʀɰɩɝ ɂ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɧ·ɺɧ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɮɹɭɷ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɭɛɥ ɢɝɛɨɩʁ ɋɩɬʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ³ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɴɩ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɣ ɋɩɬʀʁ Ɋʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɱʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɮ ɫ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɩɟɛɨʀ Ɍɪɩɦɮɲɠɨɣɧ ɓɭɛɭɛɧ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɌɓȻ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɮɿɡɢɤɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" ȼɨɞɚɦɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɦɨɪɿɜ ɿ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ ɨɦɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨʀ ɥɿɧɿʀ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" əɤɢɦ ɽ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɭ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɚɯ" ɓɨ ɬɢ ɞɿɡɧɚɜɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤɿɜ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" ɏɬɨ ɡ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɿɜ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɜɚɜ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɹ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣ ɱɨɦɭ Ⱥɥɹɫɤɚ ɨɩɢɧɢɥɚɫɶ ɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɿ ɋɒȺ
E
Ɂɞɿɣɫɧɢ ɭɹɜɧɭ ɦɚɧɞɪɿɜɤɭ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɨ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɇɚɡɜɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɹɤɿ ɩɨɛɚɱɢɲ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɩɨɞɨɪɨɠɿ ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɍɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨʀ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɣ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɥɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤɢɣ ɽɞɢɧɢɣ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɜ ɭ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ" əɤɿ ɝɿɪɫɶɤɿ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɽ ɭ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɰɿ"
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɍɫɣ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝ ɫɠɦɷɾɯʀ Ɉɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɪɩɦɺɞɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɣɴɛ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
Ɇɚɥ Ƚɨɪɚ Ɇɚɤ Ʉɿɧɥɿ
ɝʀɟ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɪɫɣɲɩɧɮ ɨɛɤɨɣɡɲʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨʀ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɩ ɝ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɛ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɝɣɭɺɞɨɮɭʀ ɝ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɧ Ɉɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɭɩɲɥɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɞɩɫɛ ɇɛɥ Ʌʀɨɦʀ ɧ ɧɛɦ ɛ ɨɛɤɨɣɡɲɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɝ ȿɩɦɣɨʀ Ɍɧɠɫɭʀ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɧ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɝʀɟ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɧɩɫɺ ɧɛɦ Ƚʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɹ ɜɮɟɩɝɩɹ ɂɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɩɧ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɮɧɩɝɨɩ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɭɫɣ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɭɛ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɢɛɤɨɺɭɩ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɞɩɫɣ Ȼɪɪɛɦɛɲʀ ɛ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɦɣɬɷ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɛɬɧɛ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫ
ɋʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ȿʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨʀ ʁɧ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɋʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɟɛɝɨʀɤ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧʀ ɺɥɛ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɾ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ Ʌɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɣɤ ɴɣɭ ʀ ɪɦɣɭɮ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɮ ɮ ɝɠɫɰɨɷɩɧɮ ɺɫɮɬʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɪɛɦɠɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ ɧɠɢɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝʀɥɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ Ʌɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɴɣɭɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀ ɭɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɧɠɡʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɜɫɛɧɦɠɨʀ ɦɛɨɱɹɞɩɧ ɩɢɠɫ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɫɠɦɷɾɯʀ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɴɣɭɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ Ɇɛɝɫɠɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɝɣɬɩɲɣɨɛ ɛ ɪɦɣɭʀ ³ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ ɟɩ ɧ ʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɝɣɬɩɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɹɭɷ Ɇɚɥ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɟ ɧ ɪɩɟɠɥɮɟɣ ɟɩ ɧ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɥɶɨɞɨɜɨʀ ɲɚɩɤɢ ɧɚ ɀɥɢɩɞɠɨɨʀ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ ɫʀɝɨɣɨ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɩɿɞ Ɉɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ Ʌɛɨɛɟɣ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɷ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɱɚɫ ɞɚɜɧɿɯ ɡɥɟɞɟɧɿɧɶ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɟɛɝɨʀɧ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɨɣɧ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɧ ɢɞɦɛɟɡɠɨʀ ɞɩɫɜɣ ɭɛ ɪɛɬɧɛ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɣ ɝɣɩɫɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɢɛɪɩɝɨɠɨɛ ɩɢɠɫɛɧɣ Ɋɩɝɬɹɟɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɛɦɮɨʀɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɠ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɢɛɝɝɣɳɥɣ ² ɧ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨʀ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɤ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɛɧɣ ȿɦɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ Ɇɚɥ ɇɚɣɧɢɠɱɚ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ² ɜ Ⱦɨɥɢɧɿ ɋɦɟɪɬɿ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɴɩ ɢɛɢɨɛɝɛɦɛ ɢɦɠɟɠɨʀɨɨɺ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɞɩɫɜɣ ɭɛ ɪɛɬɧɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɫʀɝɨɣɨ ɫɩɢɲɦɠɨɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɫʀɲɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɟɩɦɣɨɛɧɣ ɤ ɜɛɦɥɛɧɣ Ɉɛ ɥɫɛɤɨɷɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɮ ɪɦɩɬɥɮ Ɋɫɣɧɠɥɬɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɮ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɮ ɟɩɧʀɨɮɹɲʀ ɝɣɬɩɭɣ ³ ɟɩ ɧ ɢɨɛɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɺɥɩʁ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɛ ɫʀɲɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɨɛɨɩɬɛɧɣ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɧɣ ɨɛ ɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝʀɤ ɝʀɟɧʀɦɣɨʀ ɇɠɥɬɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛ ɭɩɥɣ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɝʀɟ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɫʀɝɨɣɨ Ɇɚɥ ɋɬɭɩɿɧɱɚɫɬɿ ɩɥɚɬɨ ɪɠɫɠɟ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫɛɧɣ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ȼɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɢɧ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɷ ɮ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɺɥɛ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɛ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɷ ɪɫɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨʀ Ɍɥɠɦɺɬɭɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɑɠ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɬɭɮɪʀɨɲɛɬɭɣɰ ɪɦɛɭɩ ɧɛɦ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɧ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɰ ɪɩɭɮɡɨɩɹ ɭɩɝɴɠɹ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɫɩɢɲɦɠɨɩɝɛɨʀ ɟɩɦɣɨɛɧɣ ɫʀɥ ɨɛ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɧɛɬɣɝɣ ʀ ɪɦɛɭɩ
Ⱦʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ Ɍɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩ ɜɫɣɦɩɝʀ Ȼɪɪɛɦɛɲʀ Ⱦɩɫɣ Ȼɪɪɛɦɛɲʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ʀɢ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝɣɬɩɭɨɣɰ ɰɫɠɜɭʀɝ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ʁɝ ʀ ɪɦɛɭɩ ɂɛ ɜɮɟɩɝɩɹ ɨɛ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɱɠ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩ ɜɫɣɦɩɝʀ ɞɩɫɣ Ɍɥɦɛɟɥɩɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɮɭ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɮ ɪɛɦɠɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɮ ɠɫɮ ȿɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɧɠɢɩɢɩɹ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɟʀʁ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɰ ɬɣɦ Ȼɪɪɛɦɛɲʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɮ ɞɩɫɜɣɬɭɮ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɮ Ɉɩɝʀ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨʀ ɫɮɰɣ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɠɪɩɰɣ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɞʀɫɆɚɥ Ⱥɩɩɚɥɚɱɿ ɜɨɫɟɧɢ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ Ɍɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ Ȼɪɪɛɦɛɲʀɝ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɦɩɞʀ ɬɰɣɦɣ ɩɥɫɮɞɦʀ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɣ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɭɩɲɥɛ ³ ɞɩɫɛ ɇʀɭɲɠɦɦ ɧ Ɏ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɟɞʀɫ·ɺɰ Ȼɪɪɛɦɛɲʀɝ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɩɟɨɛ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɪɠɲɠɫ ɬɝʀɭɮ ³ ɇɛɧɩɨɭɩɝɛ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ³ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫɣ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛ ɬɭɣɥɮ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɦʀɭɩ ɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ Ƚɩɨɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɨɛ ɥɧ Ɉɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɛ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫ ɞɩɫɛ ɇɛɥ Ʌʀɨɦʀ ɪʀɟɨɩɬɣɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɞʀɫ Ɏ ɳɣɫɩɥʀɤ ɬɣɬɭɠɧʀ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɰɫɠɜɭʀɝ ɝɣɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɹɭɷ ɟɝɛ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɝɠɦɠɭɠɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɛɬɧɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɠ ³ ɝɦɛɬɨɠ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫɣ ʀ ɬɰʀɟɨɠ ³ Ɍɥɠɦɺɬɭʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɝɣɬɩɭɣ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɧ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
Ɇɚɥ ɋɤɟɥɹɫɬɿ ɝɨɪɢ ɜ Ʉɚɧɚɞɿ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɭɥɤɚɧɿɱɧɟ ɩɥɚɬɨ Ʉɨɥɭɦɛɿɹ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɭɥɤɚɧ Ɉɪɿɫɚɛɚ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɤɚɧɶɣɨɧ
ɧɛɦ ɑʀ ɟɝʀ ɞʀɦɥɣ ɞʀɫ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɠɨʀ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɧɣ ɪɦɛɭɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺɧɣ ʀ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɛɧɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳʀ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ³ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ȼɛɬɠɤɨ ʀ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨɠ ɇɠɥɬɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɪɦɛɭɩ Ʌɩɦɩɫɛɟɩ ʀ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨɠ ɪɦɛɭɩ Ʌɩɦɮɧɜʀɺ ɧɛɦ ɍɛɥɛ ɜɮɟɩɝɛ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɛ ɢ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɹ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɾɹ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɞʀɫ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɛɬɷ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɧɠɢɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩɬɭʀ Ƚ ɠɪɩɰɮ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ©ɪɩɬɭɛɫʀɦʀª ɞɩɫɣ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɩɧɩɦɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ȼɠɫɠɞɩɝʀ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɌɓȻ ɾ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɧɣ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɷ ɝ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩɬɭʀ Ⱦɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɲʀ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɺɥʀ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɟɝɩɰ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɰ ɠɫ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫɣ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺɧ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀɝ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɥ ɦɛɝɩɝɣɰ ɪɦɛɭɩ ɪɠɫɠɟɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɞɣɨʀɝ ɧʀɡɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨ Ⱦɩɫɣ ɪɠɫɠɬʀɥɛɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀɝ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɨʀ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɤ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦʀ ɂ ɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɫɮɤɨʀɝɨʀ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɣ ɝɣɝɠɫɡɠɨɨɺ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɝ Ɉɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ³ Ɋɩɪɩɥɛɭɠɪɠɭɦɷ Ʌɛɭɧɛɤ ɉɫʀɬɛɜɛ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɣɤ ɨɛ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭʀ ³ ɧ ɧɛɦ ɇʀɡ ɰɫɠɜɭɛɧɣ Ɍɥɠɦɺɬɭɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɩ Ȱɦɦɩɮɬɭɩɨɬɷɥɠ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨɠ ɪɦɛɭɩ ³ ɩɟɨɠ ʀɢ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɲɮɟɠɬ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɍɮɭ ɟʀɾ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɞɠɤɢɠɫʀɝ Ȼɥɭɣɝɨɮ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɜɫɛɦɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝʀ ɭɛ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɍɛɥ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ʌɩɦɩɫɛɟɩ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɛ ɨɛɤɞɦɣɜɳɣɤ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɟɩ ɧ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɛɨɷɤɩɨ ɧɛɦ ȿʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɭɫɮ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɛɰ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɛ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɠɩɦɩɝɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ
Ʌɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ ȼɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ ɨɛɟɫ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɭʀɬɨɩ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɢ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɹ ɜɮɟɩɝɩɹ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɏ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɝɣɰɩɟɮ ɛɜɩ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɛɦɺɞɛɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ʀ ɝ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫɛɰ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɩ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɣɰ ɮɫɛɨɩɝɣɰ ɧʀɟɨɣɰ ɨʀɥɠɦɠɝɣɰ ɫɮɟ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɬɫʀɜɦɛ ɂ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɧɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɧɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɭɩɝɴɛɧɣ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɣ ɨɛɯɭɣ ʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɞɛɢɮ Ɉɛɤɜɛɞɛɭɳʀ ɨɛɯɭɩɨɩɬɨʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɭɛ ɳɠɦɷɯʀ ɇɠɥɬɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɨɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ ɨɛ Ȼɦɺɬɱʀ ɝ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɞɣɨɛɰ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɛ ɳɠɦɷɯʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɢɛɪɛɬɣ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɩɞɩ ɝɮɞʀɦɦɺ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɠɨɩ ɝ ɪɠɫɠɟɞʀɫɨɩɧɮ ɪɫɩɞɣɨʀ ɭɛ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɟɩɦɣɨɛɰ Ȼɪɪɛɦɛɲʀɝ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɮ ɪɠɫɠɟɞʀɫ·ɺɰ Ɍɥɠɦɺɬɭɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɮ Ʌɛɨɛɟʀ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ ɏɦɩɫɣɟɛ ɾ ɜɛɞɛɭʀ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɣ ɯɩɬɯɩɫɣɭʀɝ Ɏ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɨɛ ɨɛɯɭɮ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɞɛɢ ɝɮɞʀɦɦɺ ɢɛɦʀɢɨʀ ɨʀɥɠɦɠɝʀ ɭɛ ɮɫɛɨɩɝʀ ɫɮɟɣ ɯɩɬɯɩɫɣɭɣ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ ɇɚ ɹɤɿ ɬɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɡɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɭɦɨɜɧɨ ɩɨɞɿɥɢɬɢ ɦɚ-
ɬɟɪɢɤ" əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ ɬɚ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɪɿɜɧɢɧ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ ɬɚ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ Ⱥɩɩɚɥɚɱɿɜ ɬɚ Ʉɨɪɞɢɥɶɽɪ" ɇɚ ɹɤɿ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɿ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧɢ ɛɚɝɚɬɚ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ"
A E
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ ɬɚ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ Ʉɨɪɞɢɥɶɽɪ ɿ Ⱥɧɞ" ȼɢɩɢɲɢ ɧɚɡɜɢ ɬɚ ɜɢɫɨɬɢ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɯ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɿɜ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɚɬɥɚɫɿ ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ȼ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ɍ ɹɤɢɯ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɚɯ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɹ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" əɤ ɨɤɟɚɧɢ ɳɨ ɨɦɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɭ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɭ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ"
Ƚɪɦɣɝ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɲɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɂɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɝʀɟ ɳɣɫɩɭɣ ʀ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɮɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɲɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɧɛɾ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɭɛ ³ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɭɠɪɦɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɑɠ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɾ ɨɛɟɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɠɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɩʁ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɝ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɍɛɥ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɬʀɲɨɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ² Ɍ ɛ ɝ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ³ Ɍ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɦɣɪɨɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɾ Ɍ ɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ³ Ɍ ɧɛɦ ȿɫɮɞɣɧ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧ ɲɣɨɨɣɥɩɧ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɾ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɨɨɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɩɹ ɧʀɫɩɹ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɩʁ ɱɣɫɥɮɦɺɱʀʁ ɨɛɟ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɧ ɍɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɺɥɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ɪɨ ɳ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɾ ɪʀɟ ɮɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɪɛɬɛɭʀɝ ɴɩ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɬɰɣɦɣ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɠɨɷ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ³ ɝʀɟ Ɇɚɥ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɿɹ ɧɚ ɟɩ ɧɧ ʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɧɛɦ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɿ ɇɶɸɮɚɭɧɞɥɟɧɞ Ɏ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɢ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɝɩɦɩɞɣ ʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɪɩɳɣɫɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛ ɝɮɢɷɥɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɨɮ ɬɧɮɞɮ ɇɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɩɝɳɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫɣ ɝɭɫɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɦɩɞɮ ɭɛ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɨʀ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɚɥ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɣɴʀ ɦʀɭɨʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɆɚɥ ɇɚɞɦɿɪɧɿ ɨɩɚɞɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɭɮɫɣ ɨɣɡɲʀ ɢɣɧɩɝʀ ɭɛ ɧɠɨɳɛ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɬɭɷ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɬɢ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɿɱɧɿ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɢ ɧɚ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɝʀɟɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɣɬɭɠɧ ɪɿɱɤɚɯ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɰɩɦɩɟɨʀ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɟɩɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɛɡ ɟɩ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɇɠɥɬɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɛ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ³ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ɑɠ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɾ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɧʀɨɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɞɩɟɣ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɾ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɟ ɲɛɬɮ ɨɛ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɪɩɭɮɡɨɣɰ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɝɣɰɩɫʀɝ ³ ɭɩɫɨɛɟɩ ɧɛɦ Ƚɪɦɣɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɠɲʀɤ Ɋɠɝɨɣɤ ɅɆȲɇȻɍɃɒɈȲ ɊɉɚɌɃ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɲɣɍȻ ɉȼɆȻɌɍȲ ɊȲȽɈȲɒɈɉȳ ȻɇɀɋɃɅɃ ɨɺɭɷ ɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɭɠɲʀʁ Ȼɦɺɬɥʀɨɬɷɥɛ ɭɠɪɦɛ 7 ɭɠɲʀɺ ɪɩɧ·ɺɥɳɮɾ ɢɣɧɩɝʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ʀ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɣɭɷ ɬɹɟɣ ɨɛɬɣɲɠɨɠ ɝɩɦɩɞɩɹ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɐɩɦɩɟɨɛ Ƚ Ʌɛɦʀɯɩɫɨʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɭɠɲʀɺ ɢɨɣɡɮɾ ɦʀɭɨʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɮ ɪɫɣɜɠɫɠɡɨɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ʀ ɨɠ Ⱦ ɜɚ ɬɪɫɣɺɾ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɹ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɂɨɛɲɨɩɹ ɧʀɫɩɹ Ɉɬɚ ɤ ȼ Ȼ ɨɪ ȼ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɾ ɨɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ Ƀ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɛ Ɇɛɜɫɛɟɩɫɬɷɥɛ ɭɠɲʀɺ ɢɨɣɡɮɹɲɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɮ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ Ƚɪɦɣɝ ɭɠɪɦɩʁ ɭɠɲʀʁ Ⱦɩɦɷɯɬɭɫʀɧ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭʀ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɜɩ ɮ ɝɣɴɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɾ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɰʀɟ Ɏɬʀ ɱʀ ɲɣɨɨɣɥɣ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɹɭɷ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ʀ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɠɤ
ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɠɤ
ɋɚɧ
Ɏɪ
ɑɢɤɚɝɨ
ɚɧɰ
ɢɫɤɨ
Ȼ
Ȼ
ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɫɭɛɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɫɭɛɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ
Ɇɟɯɿɤɨ
2
ɸ ɇɶ ȼɚɲɢɧɝɬɨɧ
Ƚ
ȼ ɉɚɧ
ɚɦɚ
1
Ɇɚɥ Ʉɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɬɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ ɭ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɰɿ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ Ⱥ ± ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ȼ ± ɜɨɥɨɝɨɝɨ Ⱥ ± ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ȼ ± ɫɟɪɟɞ ɡɟɦɧɨɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ȼ ± ɡ ɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɦ ɡɜɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹɦ Ⱥ ± ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ȼ ± ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ȼ ± ɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ Ƚ ± ɦɭɫɨɧɧɨɝɨ
Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠ ɫɣɥɛ Ʌɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɣɤ Ȼɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɛɫɰʀɪɠɦɛɞ Ⱦɫɠɨɦɛɨɟʀɺ ʀ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɠ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɟɩ Ɋɩɦɺɫɨɩɞɩ ɥɩɦɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɝ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɟɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɨɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɦʀɭɨʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ Ɍ ɛ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ ³ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɝɣɴɠ ɝʀɟ Ɍ ɧɛɦ Ƚɢɣɧɥɮ ɡ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɹɭɷ ² Ɍ ȿɛɦʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɟɩ ɪɨ ɳ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ʀ Ɍ ɪɨ ɳ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɬɮɜɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ ʀɢ ɭɠɪɦʀɳɣɧ ɦʀɭɩɧ ɝʀɟ Ɍ ɟɩ Ɍ Ɇɚɥ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɿɹ ɧɚ ʀ ɧ·ɺɥɳɩɹ ɢɣɧɩɹ ² Ɍ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɨɛ ɢɛ- ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɡ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɿɜ Ʉɚɧɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɿɩɟɥɚɝɭ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ ɋ
ɋ
ɦɦ
ɦɦ
Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ
ɋ Ʌ Ȼ Ʉ Ɍ ɑ Ʌ ɋ ȼ ɀ Ʌ Ƚ Ɇɿɫɹɰɿ
Ɇɚɥ Ʉɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɞɿɚɝɪɚɦɚ Ɉɬɬɚɜɢ ² ɫɬɨɥɢɰɿ Ʉɚɧɚɞɢ ɹɤɚ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɨɛɥɢɡɭ ɦɟɠɿ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɿ ɦɭɫɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? Ɍɠɢɩɨ ɮɫɛɞɛɨʀɝ ɮ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɭɫɣɝɛɾ ɢ ɲɠɫɝɨɺ ɪɩ ɦɣɬɭɩɪɛɟɛ ɂɛ ɫʀɥ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɟɩ ɳɭɩɫɧʀɝ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɫɩɬɭɛɾ ɮ ɭɩɫɨɛɟɩ ɤ ɮɫɛɞɛɨɣ ɉɟɣɨ ɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɫɮɤɨʀɝɨɣɰ ɮɫɛɞɛɨʀɝ ɝ ɌɓȻ ɢɛ ɝɬɹ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫɠɡɠɨɷ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɮ ɬɠɫɪɨʀ ɫɩɥɮ ɝ ɫɛɤɩɨʀ ȼɛɞɛɧɬɷɥɣɰ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ Ƚʀɨ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝ ɨɛɢɝɮ ©Ʌɛɭɫʀɨɛª
ɰɩɟʀ ɭɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɟɠ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɧ·ɺɥɳɮɝɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɉɪɛɟʀɝ ɺɥ ʀ ɝ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɧɛɦɩ ɟɩ ɧɧ ɛɦɠ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɝɣɪɛɫɩɝɮɝɛɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɤ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɬɮɜɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɧɠɡɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɪɩ ɪɨ ɳ ɝʀɟɰɣɦɺɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ɟɩ ɪɨ ɳ Ɋɩɧʀɫɨɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɭɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫɣ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɝʀɟ Ȼɪɪɛɦɛɲʀɝ ɟɩ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫ ʀ ɧɮɬɩɨɨɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɠ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ɏ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɢɣɧɛ ɭɠɪɦɛ Ɍ ɦʀɭɩ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɨɠ Ɍ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɧɧ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ Ɏ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɨʀɳɣɤ ɢɣɧɩɹ ² Ɍ ʀ ɭɠɪɦʀɳɣɤ ɦʀɭɩɧ Ɍ ɢ ɧɠɨɳɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ² ɧɧ Ʌɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɭɣɪ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɹ ɢɣɧɩɹ ɟɩ ² Ɍ ʀ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɣɧ ɦʀɭɩɧ ɟɩ Ɍ ɢ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨɩɹ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɬɭɹ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɟɩ ɧɧ ɒɠɭɝɠɫɭɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɹ ɢɣɧɩɹ ɟɩ ² Ɍ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɨɣɧ ɦʀɭɩɧ ɟɩ Ɍ ɭɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ² ɧɧ ʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɧɛɦ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɧʀɡ ² ɪɨ ɳ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɮ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɺɥɣɤ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɾ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɤ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭʀɝ Ƚ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɠ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɢɣɧɛ ɭɠɪ ɦɛ ɭɛ ɟɩɴɩɝɛ ɛ ɦʀɭɩ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɠ ʀ ɜɠɢɟɩɴɩɝɠ Ɉɛ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɤ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɏɦɩɫɣɟɣ ɪɛɨɮɾ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɢ ɟɩɟɛɭɨɣɧɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ² ɧɧ Ɏ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɺɰ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɢʀ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɣɧ ɦʀɭɩɧ ɭɠɪɦɩɹ ɢɣɧɩɹ ʀ ɧɠɨɳɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɭɠɪɦɩʁ ɪɩɫɣ ɫɩɥɮ Ƚɮɢɷɥɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɧʀɡ ʀ ɪɨ ɳ ɭɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ Ʌɛɫɣɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɮ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɝ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɠ ɝɩɦɩɞɠ ɦʀɭɩ Ɍ ɢɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɠɪɦɩɹ ɢɣɧɩɹ ɪɩɨɛɟ Ɍ Ɇɚɥ ɒɬɨɪɦɨɜɢɣ ɜɿɬɟɪ ɧɚ ɉɪɛɟʀɝ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɧɧ ɨɛ ɫʀɥ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɿ ɩɿɜɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ Ɏɥɨɪɢɞɚ Ɏ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɇɠɥɬɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ Ʌɛɦʀɯɩɫɨʀɺ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝɣɤ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɧɠɨɳ ɨʀɡ ɧɧ ɨɛ ɫʀɥ Ɏ ɪɫɣɛɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɣɦɷɨʀ ɳɭɩɫɧɩɝʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɳɭɩɫɧɣ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɧɠɫɲʀ ɺɥʀ ɨɛɬɮɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɮɰɩɟʀɦ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɭɩɫɨɛɟɩ ɍɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ Ɋɛɨɛɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɳɣɤɥɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɨ ɳ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɮ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɟɠ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɪɛɨɮɹɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɟɩ Ɍ ʀ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɟɩ ɧɧ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɫʀɥ ɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɫɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɦʀɭɩ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ əɤɿ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɢ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɸɬɶ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɭ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ
Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" əɤɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɟɱɿɣ ɭ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɩɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɩɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɓɨ ɽ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɝɨ ɭ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɿ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɿɜ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" ȼɿɞɲɭɤɚɣ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɬɨɪɧɚɞɨ ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɣɲɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɱɚɫɨɦ ɭ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɰɿ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
B
Ƚɩɟɣ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɪɟɥɶɽɮ ɬɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɧɚ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɢɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ" Ⱦɨ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɪɿɱɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" əɤɢɦɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɭ ɩɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ"
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ʀ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɝɩɟ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ
Ɇɚɥ Ɋɿɱɤɚ Ɇɚɤɤɟɧɡɿ
Ɇɚɥ Ɋɿɱɤɚ ɘɤɨɧ ɧɟɫɟ ɫɜɨʀ ɜɨɞɢ ɞɨ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɟɪɯɿɜ¶ɹ ɪɿɱɤɢ Ⱥɬɚɛɚɫɤɚ
ɋʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɭɺ ɝɩɟ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɤ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɧɣ ɭɛ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨɣɧɣ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ Ɋɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɪɫɩɭʀɥɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɧɛɦ ɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɢɠɫ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɨʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɋʀɲɥɩɝɛ ɧɠɫɠɡɛ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɛ ɛɦɠ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɠɨɛ ɨɠɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɋʀɲɥɣ ɭɛ ɩɢɠɫɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀɝ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɤ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɭɛ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɥɮ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɣɤ ɝɩɟɩɟʀɦ ɧʀɡ ɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɪɩ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫɛɰ Ɋɫɩɭɺɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɛ ɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɫʀɲɩɥ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɾ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɪɫɩɭɺɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɫʀɲɩɥ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀɝ ʀ ɧɛɦɛ ³ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɭɛ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɣɪʀɝ ɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɍɛɥ ɟɦɺ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɴɩ ɜɠɫɮɭɷ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɮ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɫʀɲɥɣ əɥɩɨ ɧɛɦ Ȼɭɛɜɛɬɥɛ ɧɛɦ Ʌɩɦɩɫɛɟɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɬɨʀɞɩɝɠ ɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɦʀɭɨɺ ɪɩɝʀɨɷ ɇʀɳɛɨɠ ɬɨʀɞɩɝɩ ɟɩɴɩɝɠ ɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɝɠɬɨɺɨɛ ɪɩɝʀɨɷ ɲɛɬɭʀ ɦʀɭɨʀ ɪɛɝɩɟɥɣ ɾ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɫɣɬɛɧɣ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɇʀɬɬʀɬʀɪʀ ɢ ɪɫɣɭɩɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɟɩɴɩɝɠ ɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ ³ ɟɦɺ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ
ɋʀɲɥɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɋʀɲɥɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠ ɛɨɮ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɇʀɬɬʀɬʀɪʀ ɢ ɇʀɬɬɮɫʀ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɭɩɥɛɧɣ ɧɛɾ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɜɛɬɠɤɨ ɧɛɦ ɢɜɣɫɛɹɲɣ ɝɩɟɣ ɢʀ Ɍɥɠɦɺɬɭɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɇʀɬɬɮɫʀ Ȼɪɪɛɦɛɲʀɝ ɉɞɛɤɩ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɫʀɝɨɣɨ ɇʀɬɬʀɬʀɪʀ ɾ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨɩɹ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɫɩɢɦɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɠɬɨɩɹ ɝɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɭɛɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɨʀɞɮ ʀ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɦʀɭɨʀɰ ɟɩɴʀɝ Ƚ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɨɠɬɠ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɟɣ Ɇɚɥ Ɇɿɫɫɿɫɿɩɿ ɭ ɧɢɠɧɿɣ ɬɟɱɿʀ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɥɿɬɧɿɯ ɞɨɳɿɜ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɞɩ Ɇɛɝɫɠɨɭʀɺ ɧɛɦ ɴɩ ɝɣɭʀɥɛɾ ɢ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɉɨɭɛɫʀɩ ȳʁ ɫɠɡɣɧ ɢɛɫɠɞɮɦɷɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɩɢɠɫɛɧɣ ɂʀ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɰɣɦʀɝ Ȼɪɪɛɦɛɲʀɝ ɭɠɲɮɭɷ ɥɩɫɩɭɥʀ ɢ ɪɩɫɩɞɛɧɣ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɣɧɣ ɟɩɦɣɨɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɧ ɪɩɰɣɦɩɧ Ƚɩɨɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɧɠɨɳ ɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɣɤ ɬɭʀɥ ɋʀɲɥɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɋʀɲɥɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɬɨʀɞɩɝɠ ɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛɟɩɝɞɩ ɢɛɧɠɫɢɛɹɭɷ Ɇɚɥ Ɋɿɱɤɚ ɋɜɹɬɨɝɨ Ʌɚɜɪɟɧɬɿɹ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɝ ɩɜ·ɾɧɛɰ ɬɭɩɥɮ ɢɛ ɪɩɫɛɧɣ ɫɩɥɮ ɂɣɧɩɹ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɪɫɩɧɠɫɢɛɹɭɷ ɟɩ ɟɨɛ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɭʀɥɛɹɭɷ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɩɢɠɫɛ ʀ ɭɩɧɮ ɬɭʀɥ ʁɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɣɤ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɇɛɥɥɠɨɢʀ ɴɩ ɝɣɭʀɥɛɾ ɢ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ɉɠɝʀɦɷɨɣɲɩɞɩ ɩɢɠɫɛ Ƚɩɨɛ ɨɩɬɣɭɷ ʀɧ·ɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɳɩɝʀɟɥɫɣɝɛɲɛ ɍɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɢɛɜɩɦɩɲɠɨɛ ɧɛɾ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɢɠɫ ɧɛɦ ɂɛɧɠɫ- Ɇɚɥ Ɋɿɱɤɚ Ɇɚɤɤɟɧɡɿ ɩɪɨɬɿɤɚɽ ɩɨɦɿɠ ɬɢɫɹɱɚɦɢ ɨɡɟɪ ɢɛɾ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɇɛɥɥɠɨɢʀ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɮ ɡɩɝɭɨʀ ɛ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɦɷɩɟɮ ɮ ɭɫɛɝɨʀ ɛɜɩ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɲɠɫɝɨɺ ɋʀɲɥɣ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɋʀɲɥɣ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɥɩɫɩɭɥʀ ɜɮɫɰɦɣɝʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɝɩɟɨʀ ɜɛɞɛɭʀ ɞʀɟɫɩɠɨɠɫɞʀɾɹ ȿɩɦɣɨɣ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɞɦɣɜɩɥʀ ɭɛ ɝɮɢɷɥʀ Ƚɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɷɩʁ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɜɮɝ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɛɨɷɤɩɨ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ʌɩɦɩɫɛɟɩ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɩɹ ɟɩ ɧ ʀ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɩɹ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɥɧ ɝɫʀɢɛɨɣɤ ɮ ɪɦɛɬɭɣ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ ɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛ Ȼɦɺɬɱʀ ɪɩ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɹ ɭɛ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɞʀɫ ɨɠɬɠ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɟɣ ɝ ɍɣɰɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɫʀɲɥɛ əɥɩɨ ȳʁ ɝɩɟɣ ɪɩɪɩɝɨɹɾ ʀ ɝʀɲɨɛ ɧɠɫɢɦɩɭɛ ɑɠ ɭɩɝɴɛ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɨɠ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɣɴɠ Ɍ Ƚɩɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɳɥɩɟɡɛɾ ɪɫɩɬɩɲɮɝɛɨɨɹ ɮ ʊɫɮɨɭ ɭɛɦɣɰ ɝɩɟ
ɉɢɠɫɛ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ ʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɟɥɢɤɟ ɋɨɥɨɧɟ ɨɡɟɪɨ
Ɇɚɥ Ƚɿɪɫɶɤɿ ɥɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɢ Ʉɨɪɞɢɥɶɽɪ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɿɞ ɛɟɪɟɝɿɜ Ⱥɥɹɫɤɢ ɿɧɨɞɿ ɜɿɞɤɨɥɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɛɪɢɥɢ ɡ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɪɿɱɧɢɦ ɥɶɨɞɨɦ
ɉɢɠɫɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ʀ ɧɛɦɣɧɣ ɩɢɠɫɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɪɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɟɮɡɠ ɨɠɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ʁɰ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ Ʌɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɴɣɭɛ ɂɛɪɛɟɣɨɣ ɩɢɠɫ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɭɮɭ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɠ ɭɛ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɩ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɩɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɴɣɭɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɦɛɬɺ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɩɢɠɫɨɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɬɝʀɭɮ ³ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɩɢɠɫɛ Ƚɠɫɰɨɾ ɇʀɲɣɞɛɨ Ⱦɮɫɩɨ ɀɫʀ ɉɨɭɛɫʀɩ Ⱦɦɣɜɣɨɛ ɩɢɠɫ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɨɛ ɮ Ƚɠɫɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɾ ɧ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢ·ɾɟɨɛɨʀ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɣɧɣ ɫʀɲɥɛɧɣ Ȳɢ ɩɢɠɫ ɀɫʀ ɭɛ ɉɨɭɛɫʀɩ ɭɠɲɠ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɛ ʀ ɜɮɫɰɦɣɝɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ɉʀɛɞɛɫɛ ɨɛ ɺɥʀɤ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɝɬɺ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟʀɝ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ɟɩ ɧ ʀ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɳɣɫɣɨɩɹ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɥɧ Ɏɢɟɩɝɡ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɥɫɛɹ ɴɣɭɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɭɛɥʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɺɥ Ƚʀɨɨʀɪɠɞ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ Ƚɠɟɧɠɡɠ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ Ɉɠɝʀɦɷɨɣɲɠ Ȼɭɛɜɛɬɥɛ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ Ɉɛ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ʁ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ȼɛɬɠɤɨ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɜɠɢɬɭʀɲɨɠ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ Ɍɩɦɩɨɠ ɩɢɠɫɩ ɧɛɦ Ɋʀɟɢɠɧɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ ʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ ȿɦɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɠ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɠ ɢɦɠɟɠɨʀɨɨɺ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ ɑɠ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɨʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ Ⱦɫɠɨɦɛɨɟʀʁ Ʌɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ȼɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɛɫɰʀɪɠɦɛɞɮ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝʀɲɨɛ ɧɠɫɢɦɩɭɛ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɧɠɫɢɦɣɰ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɛɰ ɪɩɟɠɥɮɟɣ ɨɛ ɦʀɟ ɪɫɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɟɩ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɩɜ·ɾɧɮ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɂɨɛɲɨʀ ɢɛɪɛɬɣ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɝɩɟ ɮ ɫʀɟɥɩɧɮ ɬɭɛɨʀ ɾ ɝ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɂɛɞɛɦɩɧ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɠɨɛ ɝɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɫɠɬɮɫɬɛɧɣ ɝɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɭɫɛɨɬɪɩɫɭɨɣɧɣ ɳɦɺɰɛɧɣ ɢɛɪɛɬɛɧɣ ɞʀɟɫɩɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ ɑɢɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɢ ɫɬɨɤɭ Ⱥɬ-
ɥɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɣ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ" əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɪɟɠɢ-
ɦɭ ɪɿɱɨɤ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɯ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ"
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? Ɉʀɛɞɛɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟ ³ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ɉʀɛɞɛɫʀ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɾ ɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɳɭɛɭ Ɉɷɹ Ʉɩɫɥ ɝʀɟ ɥɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀʁ ɉɨɭɛɫʀɩ Ɉʀɛɞɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟɣ ³ ɱɠ ɭɫɣ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟɣ ©Ɋʀɟɥɩɝɛª Ʌɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɣɤ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟ ʀ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟ ©ɏɛɭɛª ɂɛ ɩɜ·ɾɧɩɧ ɝɩɟɣ ɴɩ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɨɷɩɞɩ Ɉʀɛɞɛɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟ ɮɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɤɪɩɭɮɡɨʀɳɣɧ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ
əɤɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɪɢɫɢ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɯ ɪɿɱɨɤ
ɛɚɫɟɣɧɿɜ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ ɬɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɭ" Ⱦɟ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɚ ɛɿɥɶɲɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ-
ɧɚ ɨɡɟɪ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ" Ⱦɟ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɿ ɥɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɢ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ Ⱦɨ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɿɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ ɧɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɪɿɱɨɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɬɚ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ Ɇɿɫɫɿɫɿɩɿ ɬɚ Ɇɚɤɤɟɧɡɿ ɉɨɹɫɧɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ʀɯ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ əɤɟ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɨɡɟɪɧɿ ɭɥɨɝɨɜɢɧɢ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɯ ɨɡɟɪ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ"
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ Ƚɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɂɧʀɨɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤɿɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨʀ ɨɛɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɩɿɞɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɚɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɹɝɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧ" ȼɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɡɨɧɢ" ȱɡ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɦɢ ɡɨɧɚɦɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ ɬɢ ɜɠɟ ɨɡɧɚɣɨɦɢɜɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɿ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ"
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɓɣɫɩɭɨɠ ʀ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɨɨɺ Ɋɫɩɺɝ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɩʁ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɧɛɾ ɫɺɟ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɬɭɠɤ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɛɨʀ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɩʁ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷ ɩɟɨɛ ɩɟɨɮ ɢ ɪʀɝ ɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ Ɋɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɭɮɨɟɫɣ ʀ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɟɠɴɩ ɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ʀɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɩɧ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɢ ɛɨɛɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɢɩɨɛɧɣ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɠ ɳɣɫɩɭɣ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɩɢɠɫ ɢɧʀɨɛ ɢɩɨ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢʀ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶ ɬɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɧɠɫɣɌɭɧɞɪɚ ɿ ɥɿɫɨɬɭɧɞɪɚ ɟʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɨɨɺ Ɏ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɝʀɟ ȼɢɫɨɬɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɟɩ ɌɥɠɌɚɣɝɚ Ɇɿɲɚɧɿ ɿ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɥɢɫɬɿ ɥɿɫɢ ɦɺɬɭɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɦʀɬɣ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɦʀɬɩɬɭɠɪɛɧɣ ʀ ɋɬɟɩɢ ɿ ɥɿɫɨɫɬɟɩɢ ɬɭɠɪɛɧɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɠ ɢɧɠɨɳɠɨɨɺ ɢɝɩɉɭɫɬɟɥɶ ɿ ɧɚɩɿɜɩɭɫɬɟɥɶ ɉɟɪɟɦɿɧɧɨ ɜɨɥɨɝɿ ɥɿɫɢ ɦɩɡɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɩɪɛɟɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ Ɍɜɟɪɞɨɥɢɫɬɿ ɜɿɱɧɨɡɟɥɟɧɿ ɥɿɫɢ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɣɭɣɬɷ ɬɹɟɣ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɢ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɥɣ ɋɚɜɚɧɢ ɿ ɪɿɞɤɨɥɿɫɫɹ ɂɩɨɛ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ȼʀɦɷɆɚɥ ɉɪɨɫɬɹɝɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧ ɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ Ⱦɫɠɨɦɛɨɟʀʁ ʀ Ʌɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɩɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɞɩ Ȼɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɛɫɰʀɪɠɦɛɞɮ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɢɩɨɛ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ Ɉɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ ɢɛɤɨɺɭɩ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɧɣ ɛ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ³ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɬɭɣɧɣ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɺɧɣ Ɉɛ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɛɰ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɡɣɭɣ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛɤɪɫɩɬɭʀɳʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧɣ Ɉɛ ɪɫɩɞɫʀɭɣɰ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɰ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɬ ɭɣɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɧɩɰɣ ɭɛ ɦɣɳɛɤɨɣɥɣ Ɂɣɭɭɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɭɮɭ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɠ ɢ ɩɥɠɛɨɩɧ Ɉɛ ɬɮɳʀ ɭɫɛɪɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɦɠɧʀɨɞɣ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɰɛɫɲɮɆɚɥ ɉɟɫɟɰɶ ² ɦɟɲɤɚɧɟɰɶ ɡɨɧɢ ɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɬɱʀ ɭɛ ɝɩɝɥɣ ɧɛɦ ɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɂɩɨɛ ɭɮɨɟɫɣ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ ɝ ɬɮɜɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɲɣ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɮ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ Ɇɛɜɫɛɟɩɫ Ɋɫɣ ɧɛɦʀɤ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɤ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɟɦɺ ɨɠʁ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɨɛɟɧʀɫɨɠ ɢɝɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɺɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɜɩɦʀɭ ɩɢɠɫ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ Ɉɛ ɭɮɨɟɫɩ ɜɩɦɩɭɨɣɰ ʊɫɮɨɭɛɰ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɥɮɴʀ ɭɫɛɝɣ ɥɛɫɦɣɥɩɝɛ ɜɠɫɠɢɛ ɥɛɫɦɣɥɩɝɛ ɝʀɦɷɰɛ ɥɛɬɬʀɩɪɠɺ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ ɪɩɥɫɣɭʀ ɧɩɰɛɧɣ ʀ ɦɣɳɛɤɨɣɥɛɧɣ Ƚɢɟɩɝɡ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɴɩ ɭɠɲɮɭɷ ʀɢ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ʀ ɨɠɬɮɭɷ ɭɠɪɦɩ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɠɫɠɝɨɛ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨʀɬɭɷ ȿɦɺ ɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɮɨɟɫɣ ʀɢ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɩɦɠɨɷ ɥɛɫɣɜɮ ɦɠɧʀɨɞ ɪɠɬɠɱɷ ɝɩɝɥ ɝʀɝɱɠɜɣɥ ɧɛɦ ɂɩɨɛ ɦʀɬɩɭɮɨɟɫɣ ɂɩɨɛ ɦʀɬɩɭɮɨɟɫɣ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɨɮɦɛɬɷ ɝɮɢɷɥɩɹ ɬɧɮɞɩɹ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɭɮɨɟɫɣ Ƚ ɦʀɬɩɭɮɨɟɫʀ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɰɝɩɤɨʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ³ ɲɩɫɨɛ ʀ ɜʀɦɛ ɺɦɣɨɛ ɜɛɦɷɢɛɧʀɲɨɛ ɭɮɺ ɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ³ ɧɩɟɫɣɨɛ ɂɩɨɛ ɭɛɤɞɣ Ɏ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɧɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɴɩ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɫɩɢɧʀ ɴɠɨɩ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɩɨ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɝ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɛ ʀ ɨɛɟɧʀɫɨɩɞɩ ɢɝɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɧɠɫɢɦɩɭɨɩ ɭɛɤɞɩɝɣɰ ʀ ɪʀɟɢɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ʊɫɮɨɭɛɰ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ Ɇɚɥ ȼɿɜɰɟɛɢɤ ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞ ɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɢɯ ɰɝɩɤɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɢɩɨɛ ɱɚɝɚɪɧɢɤɿɜ ɭɛɤɞɣ ɧɛɦ ɐɩɲɛ ɢɛ ɝɣɟɩɝɣɧ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɧ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɤ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɧɛɾ ɪɩɟʀɜɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɢ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɾɹ ɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɛ ɭɛɤɞɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɳɛ ɝɣɟɛɧɣ ɨʀɡ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɛ ɑɠ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɣɴɣɰ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɫʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɍɮɭ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɲɩɫɨɛ ʀ ɜʀɦɛ ɺɦɣɨɛ ɜɛɦɷɢɛɧʀɲɨɛ ɭɮɺ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɬɩɬɨɣ ɭɛ ɧɩɟɫɣɨɣ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɚ ɬɚɣɝɚ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɤ ɝɣɟɩɝɣɤ ɬɥɦɛɟ ɭɛɤɞɣ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ȿɦɺ ɨɠʁ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɬʀɭɰʀɨɬɷɥɛ ɺɦɣɨɛ ɟɮɞɦɛɬʀɺ ɰɠɧɦɩɥ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ɟɩ ² ɧ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɭɛɤɢʀ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɲɩɫɨɣɤ ɝɠɟɧʀɟɷ ɬʀɫɣɤ ɝɠɟɧʀɟɷ ɞɫɣɢɦʀ ɧɛɦ ɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɦɩɬɷ ɦʀɬɩɝɣɤ ɜʀɢɩɨ ɥɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɛ ɫɣɬɷ ɾɨɩɭ ɩɨɟɛɭɫɛ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɛ ɦɣɬɣɱɺ ɭɩɴɩ ɂɩɨɛ ɧʀɳɛɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɭɛɤɞɣ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɢɧʀɨɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɩɨ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ Ɇɚɥ Ⱦɭɝɥɚɫɿɹ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɝɞɦɣɜ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɟɞɦɿɞɶ ɝɪɢɡɥɿ
Ɇɚɥ Ɍɭɹ ɜɨɫɟɧɢ ɜ ɡɨɧɿ ɦɿɲɚɧɢɯ ɥɿɫɿɜ
Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɛɿɡɨɧ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɪɟɪɿʀ
ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɂɩɨɛ ɧʀɳɛɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɢ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɜɮɫɣɰ ɦʀɬɩɝɣɰ ʀ ɟɠɫɨɩɝɩ ɪʀɟɢɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ʊɫɮɨɭʀɝ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɩɢɠɫ Ɏ ʁʁ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɪɩɾɟɨɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɧɛɬɣɝɣ ɰɝɩɤɨɣɰ ɟɫʀɜɨɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɜɠɫɠɢɛ ɭɩɪɩɦɺ ʀ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ Ɉɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɝɬɹɟɡɠɨʀ ɰɝɩɤɨɩ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɟɠ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɥɦɠɨɛ ɱɮɥɫɩɝɣɤ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɣɤ ɬɫʀɜɦɺɬɭɣɤ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɜɮɥɣ ɦɣɪɣ ɟɮɜɣ ɺɬɠɨɣ ɢ ɰɝɩɤɨɣɰ ³ ɭɮɺ ɧɛɦ ɂɩɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɓɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭʀ ɛɪɪɛɦɛɲɬɷɥʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨ ɨɣɤ ɬɰʀɟ ɝʀɟ ɧʀɳɛɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ʉɫɮɨɭɣ ɭɛɧ ɜɮɫʀ ɦʀɬɩɝʀ ɏɦɩɫɣɬɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɬɥɦɛɟ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɤ ʀ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɤ ɟɮɜ ɜʀɦɣɤ ɲɩɫɨɣɤ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɣɤ ɦɣɪɛ ɜɮɥ ɪɦɛɭɛɨ ɥɛɳɭɛɨ ɭɹɦɷ ɪɛɨɩɝɠ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɦɣɬɭɩɪɛɟɨɛ ɧɛɞɨɩɦʀɺ ɇʀɳɛɨʀ ɭɛ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɦɣɬɭʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɩ ɭɩɧɮ ɤ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɭɛɧ ɧɛɦɩ Ɏ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɥɛɰ ɝɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɜʀɢɩɨɣ ɧɛɦ Ɇʀɬɩɬɭɠɪɣ ʀ ɪɫɠɫʀʁ Ɏ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɝ ɱɠɨɭɫʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɠ ɭɛɤɞɣ ʀ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀɳɠ ɧʀɳɛɨɣɰ ʀ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɦʀɬɩɬɭɠɪɣ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɭɠɪɣ ɺɥʀ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɠɫʀɺɧɣ ɧɛɦ ɍɛɧ ɮ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɭɫɛɝɨʀ ɢɦɛɥɩɝʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨʀ ɮɞɫɮɪɩɝɛɨɨɺ Ɍɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɩɜɣɟɝʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɫɩɢɩɫɛɨɩ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɝʀɟ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɩɢɠɫ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɪɫɠɫʀʁ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɭɠɪɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɥɛɳɭɛɨɩɝɣɰ ʊɫɮɨɭɛɰ Ɉɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɭɛ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ Ɉɛ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺɰ ɪɦɛɭɩ ʀ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺɰ ɴɩ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɧʀɡ ɪɛɬɧɛɧɣ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɦɛɨɟɳɛɯɭɣ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩ ɺɬɮ Ɏ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɢɧʀɨɛ ɢɩɨ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢʀ ɬɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ Ʌʀɦɷ-
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɥʀɬɭɷ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɝ ɮɬɷɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɛ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɩɨ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɠ ɢ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɮ ɢɝɩɦɩɡɠɨɨʀ Ɉɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɝɩɦɩɞʀ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨʀ ɧʀɳɛɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɨɛ ɡɩɝɭɩ ʀ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩɢɠɧɛɰ Ɏ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɪɛɨɮɹɭɷ ɟɮɜ ɧɛɞɨɩɦʀɺ ɜɮɥ ɭɛɧ ɟɠ ɬɮɰʀɳɠ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɬɩɬɨɛ ɪɛɦɷɧɛ ɬɛɜɛɦɷ ɧɛɦ ɛ ɨɛ ɢɛɜɩɦɩɲɠ ɨɣɰ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɰ ³ ɜɩɦɩɭɨɣɤ ɥɣɪɛɫɣɬ Ɇʀɬʀɝ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɩɬɷ ɧɛɦɩ Ƚɞɦɣɜ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɦʀɬɣ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɠɫʀɺɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɝ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɾ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɠɨ ɨɺɧ ɪɫɠɫʀɤ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨɛ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɠɫʀɤ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɠ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɛɬɷ ȳʁ ɢɧʀɨɣɦɣ ɪɩɦɺ ɜɛɝɩɝɨɣɥɮ ɧɛɦ ɛɫɛɰʀɬɮ ɭɹɭɹɨɮ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɪɫɠɫʀʁ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɮ ɢɩɨɮ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɬɭɠɪʀɝ ɟɠ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɭɫɛɝ ɭɫɛɪɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɮɰʀ ɥɩɦɹɲʀ ɥɮɴʀ ɛ ɨɛ ɬɛɧɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ³ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɟɮɜ ɛɥɛɱʀɺ ɂɩɨɛ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ ɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ȼɛɬɠɤɨ ɪɦɛɭɩ Ʌɩɦɩɫɛɟɩ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɇɠɥɬɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ ³ ɲɩɫɨɣɤ ɪɩɦɣɨ ɦɩɜɩɟɛ ȿɦɺ ɇɠɥɬɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɥɛɥɭɮɬɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɦɛɢɮɨʀɝ ɞɫɣɢɮɨʀɝ ɭɫɛɪɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɜɫɩɨɠɨɩɬɱʀ Ƚɣɬɩɥʀ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ ɝ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɪɩɥɫɣɭɩ ɫʀɟɥɣɧɣ ɬɩɬɨɩɝɣɧɣ ɦʀɬɛɧɣ ɂɩɨɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɭɛ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥʀɝ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɏ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɰɣɦɛɰ ɞʀɫ ³ ɝʀɲɨɩɢɠɦɠɨʀ ɟɮɜɣ ɬɩɬɨɣ ɬɠɥɝɩɤʁ ɺɥʀ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ɫɠɦʀɥɭɩɝɣɰ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɧɛɦ Ɍɠɥɝɩɤɹ ɟɠɫɠɝɨɮ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɮ ɫɩɟɣɨɣ ɥɣɪɛɫɣɬɩɝɣɰ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧ ɟɠɫɠɝɩɧ ɨɛ ɪɦɛɨɠɭʀ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɹɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɭɣ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɧ ɟʀɛɧɠɭɫ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫɛ ³ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɧ ɇɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɝʀɥ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɧɩɡɠ ɬɺɞɛɭɣ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɨʀɡ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɫɩɥʀɝ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɚɥɶɦɚ ɫɚɛɚɥɶ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɨɫɿɜɢ ɛɚɜɨɜɧɢɤɭ ɜ ɩɪɟɪɿɹɯ
Ɇɚɥ Ƚɿɝɚɧɬɫɶɤɿ ɫɟɤɜɨɣʀ
Ɇɚɥ ɋɚɜɚɧɢ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ Ɏ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɪɦɛɭɩ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɪɛɨɮɹɭɷ ɬɛɝɛɨɣ ɧɛɦ ɛ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɇɠɥɬɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ʀ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ ³ ɬɛɝɛɨɣ ɭɛ ɝɩɦɩɞʀ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɨɛ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩɢɠɧɨɣɰ ʀ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩ ɜɮɫɣɰ ʊɫɮɨɭɛɰ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨɛ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɛɬɷ ɧɛɦɩ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɪɦɛɨɭɛɱʀɺɧ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɰ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫ
Ƚɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɂɧʀɨɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɬɪɣɬɥɮ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ Ƚɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫ Ɏ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫɛɰ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɭɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɺɥɩʁ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛ ɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ɞʀɫ ʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺɧ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ Ɉɣɡɨʀɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥʀɝ ɝɣɴɠ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɦʀɬɣ ɢ ɟɮɜɛ ɬɩɬɨɣ ɥɦɠɨɛ ɛ ɝɣɴɠ ɝʀɟ ɧ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɰɝɩɤɨʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɬɩɬɨɛ ɥɠɟɫ ɬɧɠɫɠɥɛ ʀ ɞʀɞɛɨɭɬɷɥɛ ɬɠɥɝɩɺ ɢɛɝɝɣɳɥɣ ɟɩ ɧ Ƚɣɴɠ ɝʀɟ ɧɠɡʀ ɦʀɬɮ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɛɦɷɪʀɤ ɬɷɥʀ ɦɮɥɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɮ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɮ ɭɮɨɟɫɮ ɭɛ ɞɩɦʀ ɬɥɠɦʀ ɂ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɮ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɝɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɬʀɫɣɤ ɝɠɟɧʀɟɷ ɞɫɣɢɦʀ ɫɣɬʀ ɝɩɝɥɣ ɦɣɬɣɱʀ ɫɣɬʀ ɧɛɦ ɂɧʀɨɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ Ɍɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɢɧʀɨɠɨɛ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɌɓȻ ɍɛɧ ɟɠ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɪɠɫɝʀɬɨɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ ɢɨɣɥɦɛ ɨɛɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɂɨɛɲɨɩɹ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɩɹ ɾ ɲɛɬɭʀ ɢɛɜɫɮɟɨɠɨɨɺ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɇɠɥɬɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɝɣɦɣɝɛɨɨɺɧɣ ɨɛɯɭɣ ɝɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɛɝɛɫʀɤ ɬɮɟɠɨ Ɉɠɟɩɬɭɛɭɨɷɩ ɩɲɣɴɠɨɣɧɣ ɬɭɩɥɛɧɣ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɹɭɷ ɢɛɜɫɮɟɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɫʀɥɣ Ɉɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɢɧʀɨɠɨɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ ɝ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɝɣɟɩɜɮɭɥɮ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ ɂɛ ɫɩɥɣ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɩ ɝɪɦɣɨɮɦɛ ɨɛ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɭɛ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɱɠ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɧɠɡʀ ɢɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ȿɦɺ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɣ ɭɛ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɥʀɝ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɟɠɬɺɭɥʀɝ Ɇɚɥ Ɋɢɫɶ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɪɛɫɥʀɝ ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɬɪɣɬɥɮ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩʁ ɬɪɛɟ ɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ Ɉɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɩ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɨɠɬɠɨʀ ɟɩ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ ɂ ɨɣɰ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɛ ɾ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɛɧɣ ɉɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɝɣɢɨɛɲɨʀɳɣɰ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɜʀɩ ɬɯɠɫɨɣɤ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɥ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɛɫɥ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɣɤ Ɇɚɥ Ƚɟɣɡɟɪ ɋɬɚɪɢɣ ɋɥɭɠɚɤɚ ɜ ɫɩɥɮ ³ Ȱɦɦɩɮɬɭɩɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ƚʀɨ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɤ ȯɥɥɨɭɫɬɨɧɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɚɪɤɭ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɣɧɣ ɞɠɤɢɠɫɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɞɛɫɺɲɣɧɣ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɧɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɹ ɡɣɝɩɹ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɩɹ ɧɛɦɷɩɝɨɣɲɣɧɣ ɦɛɨɟɳɛɯɭɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ ɔɠ ɩɟɣɨ ɢɨɛɧɠɨɣɭɣɤ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ əɈɀɌɅɉ ³ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɛɨɷɤɩɨ ɑɠ ɩɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɞɦɣɜɳɣɰ ɭɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɥɛɨɷɤɩɨ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛ ɢɛ ɧʀɦɷɤɩɨ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ʌɩɦɩɫɛɟɩ ɫɩɢɧɣɝɛɹɲɣ ʀ ɝɣɨɩɬɺɲɣ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ Ɉɛ ɮɢɜɠɆɚɥ Ʉɪɚɽɜɢɞ ɭ ɩɚɪɤɭ ©Ⱦɢɧɨɡɚɜɪª ɫɠɡɡʀ Ʌɛɫɣɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɝ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɥɩɫɛɦɩɝʀ ɫɣɯɣ ʀɢ ɱʀɥɛɝɣɧ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɣɧ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɧ ɬɝʀɭɩɧ ȿɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ʀ ɨɛɤɟɩɝɳɛ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɇɛɧɩɨɭɩɝɛ ɪɠɲɠɫɛ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɛ ɦɛɜʀɫɣɨɭʀɝ ɺɥɩʁ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɥɧ Ɏ Ʌɛɨɛɟʀ ɝ ɟɩɦɣɨʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɋɠɟ ȿʀɫ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɛɫɥ ©ȿɣɨɩɢɛɝɫª ɺɥɣɤ ɾ ɩɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɬɰɩɝɣɴ ɬɥɛɧ·ɺɨʀɦɩɬɭɠɤ ɟɣɨɩɢɛɝɫʀɝ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɧɛɦ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ ɑɢɦ ɬɭɧɞɪɚ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɬɚɣɝɢ ɿ ɳɨ ɽ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɰɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ" ɋɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧ ɫɭɛɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɹ-
ɫɿɜ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" əɤɿ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨɹɜɭ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɹɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ Ʉɨɪɞɢɥɶɽɪɚɯ" əɤ ɡɦɿɧɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ȼ ɹɤɿɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨ ɡɦɿɧɟɧɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ" ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚɛɿɪ ɜɢɫɨɬɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɿɜ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɿ ɫɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɫɯɢɥɚɯ Ʉɨɪɞɢɥɶɽɪ ɧɟ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɢɣ"
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
F
Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ
ɋɩɢɫɩɜɥɛ ɭɛ ɩɜʊɫɮɨɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɧɛɫɳɫɮɭɮ ɴɩ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɢɛɨɠɬɠɨʀ ɟɩ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ Ɉɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɩ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɨɠɬɠɨʀ ɟɩ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ ɂ ɨɣɰ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ ɾ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɛɧɣ ȿɦɺ ɪɫɩɥɦɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɧɛɫɳɫɮɭɮ ɩɜɠɫɣ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɢʀ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ ɮ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɋɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɩɜɠɫɣ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɣɤ ʀ ɥʀɨɱɠɝɣɤ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɭɛ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨʀɬɭɷ ʁɰ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɨɨɺ Ɋɩɢɨɛɲ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɨɛ ɥɩɨɭɮɫɨʀɤ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɣ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɣɤ ɩɪɣɬ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɨɣɰ
Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ȿɠɫɡɛɝɣ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤɿ ɧɚɪɨɞɢ ɽ ɤɨɪɿɧɧɢɦɢ ɠɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" əɤ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɹɦɢ" ɓɨ ɬɨɛɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨ ɩɪɨ ɡɜ¶ɹɡɤɢ ɤɪɚʀɧ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɡ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɨɸ"
Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ʌɩɫʀɨɨʀ ɡɣɭɠɦʀ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɣ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɭɛ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɱʀɝ Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɢ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɧɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɧɦɨ ɩɬʀɜ Ʌɩɫʀɨɨʀ ɡɣɭɠɦʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ʀɨɟʀɛɨɱʀ ɧɛɦ ɠɬɥʀɧɩɬɣ ɧɛɦ ɛɦɠɮɭɣ ³ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɩʁɟɨɩʁ ɫɛɬɣ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ³ ɱɠ ɝɣɰʀɟɱʀ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɉɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ʌɛɨɛɟɣ ʀ ɌɓȻ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɣ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɣɦɣɬɷ ɬɹɟɣ ʀɢ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩʁ ȼɫɣɭɛɨʀʁ ʀ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɮ Ʌɛɨɛɟʀ ɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɢ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀʁ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɷ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɯɫɛɨɥɩ ɥɛɨɛɟɱʀ ³ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɹ ɛ ɝ ɇɠɥɬɣɱʀ ɭɛ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ³ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ʀɬɪɛɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ Ɏ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɾ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɧɦɨ ɛɯɫɩ ɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɱʀɝ ³ ɨɛɴɛɟɥʀɝ ɫɛɜʀɝ ɪɫɣɝɠɢɠɨɣɰ ɬɹɟɣ ɢ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɦɛɨɭɛɱʀɺɰ Ɇɚɥ ȱɧɞɿɚɧɫɶɤɚ ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɮ ɌɓȻ ɭɛ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ Ʌɛɫɣɜɬɷ ɞɿɜɱɢɧɤɚ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɥɩɞɩ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ƚ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɭɛ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ ɧɠɳɥɛɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɧʀɳɛɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠ ɦɠɨɨɺ ³ ɧɮɦɛɭʀɝ ʀ ɧɠɭɣɬʀɝ ɋɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɨɠɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ Ɉɠɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɡɣɝɠ ɨɛ ɝɮɢɠɨɷɥʀɤ ɪɫɣɜɠɫɠɡɨʀɤ ɬɧɮɢʀ Ⱦɫɠɨɦɛɨɟʀʁ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ Ʌɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ȼɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɛɫɰʀɪɠɦɛɞɮ ɝɢɛɞɛɦʀ ɜɠɢ ɦɹɟɨʀ ɋʀɟɥɩ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨʀ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɮɬɭɠɦɷɨʀ ɭɛ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɷɨʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ Ƚɣɬɩɥɛ ɞɮɬɭɩɭɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ Ʌɛɫɣɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ʀ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɧɛɦ ³ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɩɬʀɜ ɨɛ ɥɧ ȿɫɮɞɣɤ ɫɛɤɩɨ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɹ ɞɮɬɭɩɭɩɹ ³ ɬɰʀɟɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɩɢɠɫ ɥɮɟɣ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀ ɤ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɣ Ƚɣɬɩɥɛ ɞɮɬɭɩɭɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɝ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝ ɌɓȻ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɮ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɢ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɪɩɝɠɫɰɩɝɩɹ ɢɛɜɮɟɩɝɩɹ ɧɛɦ
Ɇɚɥ ɍ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɥɶɨɞɨɜɢɯ ɛɭɞɢɧɤɚɯ ɠɢɥɢ ɟɫɤɿɦɨɫɢ
Ɇɚɥ ɋɚɧɬɨ Ⱦɨɦɿɧɝɨ ² ɫɬɨɥɢɰɹ ɨɞɧɿɽʀ ɡ ɨɫɬɪɿɜɧɢɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɧɚ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɿ Ʉɚɪɢɛɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ
Ɇɚɥ ɑɢɤɚɝɨ ² ɦɿɫɬɨ ɜ ɋɒȺ ɧɚ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɿ ɨɡɟɪɚ Ɇɿɱɢɝɚɧ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
ȿɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ Ɉɛɤɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭʀɳʀ ɭɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɉɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɛ ɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ³ ɌɓȻ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɺɥɩʁ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ȼɦɺɬɥɣ ɭɛ Ⱦɛɝɛɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɛ ɥɫɛʁɨɛ ³ Ʌɛɨɛɟɛ ɧɛɦ ɋɠɳɆɚɥ Ȼɭɞɢɧɨɤ ɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬɭ ɭɛ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ ɾ ɧɠɨɳ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɣɜ Ʉɚɧɚɞɿ ɧɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɭɛ ɲɣɬɠɦɷɨʀɬɭɹ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɱɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ³ ɇɠɥɬɣɥɛ Ɏ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɭɛ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ Ʌɛɫɣɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɧɩɫɺ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɉɬɭɫʀɝ Ⱦɫɠɨɦɛɨɟʀɺ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɚɥ ɢɛɬɝʀɟɲɮɹɭɷ ɛɫɰʀɝɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɣ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ȿɛɨʀʁ ɪɫɣɜɮɦɣ ɟɩ Ʌɛɨɛɟɣ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɪɩɺɝɛ ɪɠɫɠɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɨɛɦɛɞɩɟɣɦɛ ɬɪʀɝɪɫɛɱɹ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɬɠɦɠɨɱʀɝ ɢ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɢ ɮɬʀɧɛ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ Ɉɛɤɧɛɤɡɠ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɐȲɐ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɧʀɫɩɹ ɨɛɳɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɬɪʀɝɪɫɛɱɹɾ ɢ ɧɛɦɛ ɪɩɩɟɣɨɩɥɣɤ ɠɪʀɢɩɟɣɲɅɛɨɛɟɩɹ ɭɛ ɌɓȻ Ʌɛɨɛɟɛ ³ ɱɠ ɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɺɥɛ ɨɣɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɇɛɬɩɝɠ ɪɠɫɠɪɠɫɳɩɹ ɝɣɢɨɛɦɛ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱʀɝ ɟɩ ɅɛɨɛɌɛɧɠ ɝ Ʌɛɨɛɟʀ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɾ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɨɛɤɲɣɟɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɫɩɥɮ ɥɩɦɣ ɥɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɠɦɷɨʀɳɣɰ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɞɫɩɧɛɟ ɺɥɛ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɮɫɺɟ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɢɛɩɰɩɲɮɝɛɝ ɪɫɣɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɾ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɝ ʁɢɟ ɮ ɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɱʀɝ ʀɢ ɲɛɬɣ ɝɛɡɥɣɰ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɭɛ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɣɰ ɝɣɊʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɪɫɩɜɮɝɛɨɷ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɍɪɩɦɮɲɠɨʀ ɓɭɛɭɣ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɾ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ ɬɭɫɛɭɠɞʀɲɨɣɧ ɪɛɫɭɨɠɫɩɧ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɑɠɤ ɝɣɜʀɫ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɫɩɦɦɹ ɌɓȻ ɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝʀɤ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɱʀ ɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɱʀ Ɏ ɱʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɣɰʀɟɱʀɝ ɢ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɛɦɠ ɝ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɲɣɬɠɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɌɓȻ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɧɠɨɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɥɮ ɨʀɡ ɮ Ʌɛɨɛɟʀ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ əɤɿ ɤɨɪɿɧɧɿ ɧɚɪɨɞɢ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɰɿ" ȼɢɯɿɞɰɿ ɡ ɹɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɰɿ"
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ əɤ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɟɧɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɡɚ ɝɭɫɬɨɬɨɸ" əɤɿ ɩɪɢɱɢ-
ɧɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ" əɤɢɦɢ ɦɨɜɚɦɢ ɪɨɡɦɨɜɥɹɽ ɛɿɥɶɲɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨʀ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ
Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" əɤɿ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ" Ɂ ɱɢɦ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɿ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɫɬɿɣɤɿ ɡɜ¶ɹɡɤɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɡ ɤɪɚʀɧɚɦɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟ-
ɪɢɤɢ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɇɚ ɤɚɪɬɿ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ ɬɚ ɝɭɫɬɨɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɢ ɧɚɡɜɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɩɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɜ ȱɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɿ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɭ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɧɢɯ Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɥɶ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɰɿɜ ɭ ɠɢɬɬɿ Ʉɚɧɚɞɢ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ȼ
Ʌɩɫɩɭɥɩ ɪɫɩ ɢɧʀɬɭ ɭɠɧɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɭɛ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɮ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦɺɰ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɾ ɭɫɩɪʀɥ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ³ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɠ ɥɩɦɩ ȼɠɫɠɞɩɝɛ ɦʀɨʀɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɩɫʀɢɛɨɛ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɜʀɦɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɮɦʀ ³ Ⱦɫɠɨɦɛɨɟʀɺ Ɉɛɤɝɮɡɲɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɺɥɛ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ɪɨ ɳ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩɹ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɩɹ Ƚɪɠɫɳɠ ɨɩɞɛ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱɺ ɬɭɮɪɣɦɛ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;, ɬɭ ɉɟɨɛɲɠ ɟɛɭɩɹ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɡɩɝɭɨɺ ɫ ɥɩɦɣ ʀɬɪɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɧɩɫɠɪɦɛɝɱʀ ɩɲɩɦɹɝɛɨʀ ɐɫɣɬɭɩɯɩɫɩɧ Ʌɩɦɮɧɜɩɧ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɉɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɪɩɦɺɞɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɣɴɛ ɝʀɟ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɪɫɣɲɩɧɮ ɨɛɤɨɣɡɲʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨʀ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɛ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɝɣɭɺɞɨɮɭʀ ɝ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɋʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɟɛɝɨʀɤ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧʀ Ⱦɩɫɣ Ȼɪɪɛɦɛɲʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ʀɢ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝɣɬɩɭɨɣɰ ɰɫɠɜɭʀɝ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ʁɝ ʀ ɪɦɛɭɩ ɑɠ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩ ɜɫɣɦɩɝʀ ɞɩɫɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ³ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫɣ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛ ɬɭɣɥɮ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɛɧɠɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ Ƚɩɨɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɨɛ ɥɧ Ɏ ɳɣɫɩɥʀɤ ɬɧɮɢʀ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɰɫɠɜɭʀɝ ɝɣɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɹɭɷ ɟɝɛ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɝɠɦɠɭɠɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɛɬɧɛ ɰɫɠɜɭʀɝ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɠ ³ ɝɦɛɬɨɠ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫɣ ʀ ɬɰʀɟɨɠ ³ Ɍɥɠɦɺɬɭʀ ɞɩɫɣ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɞʀɫ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɛɬɷ ɮ ɧɠɢɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɮ ɠɫɮ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɧɠɢɩɢɩɤɬɷɥʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɥɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɧɩɦɩɟɡɠɨʀ ɩɫɩɞɠɨʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɫɮɰɛɧɣ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɣɰ ɮɫɛɨɩɝɣɰ ɧʀɟɨɣɰ ɨʀɥɠɦɠɝɣɰ ɫɮɟ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɬɫʀɜɦɛ ɝɮɞʀɦɦɺ ɨɛɯɭɣ ʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɞɛɢɮ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɮɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɳɣɫɩɭɣ ɭɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɨɨɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɬʀɲɨɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ² Ɍ ɛ ɝ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ³ Ɍ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɦɣɪɨɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɾ Ɍ ɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ³ Ɍ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɝʀɟɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɣɬɭɠɧ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɰɩɦɩɟɨʀ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɟɩɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɛɡ ɟɩ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɇɠɥɬɣɥɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɛ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ³ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ɑɠ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɾ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɧʀɨɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɞɩɟɣ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɾ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɟ ɲɛɬɮ ɨɛ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɪɩɭɮɡɨɣɰ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɝɣɰɩɫʀɝ ³ ɭɩɫɨɛɟɩ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɤ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɧɣ ɭɛ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨɣɧɣ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ Ɋɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɪɫɩɭʀɥɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɢɠɫ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɨʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɋʀɲɥɣ ɭɛ ɩɢɠɫɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀɝ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɤ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɭɛ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɥɮ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɣɤ ɝɩɟɩɟʀɦ ɧʀɡ ɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɪɩ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫɛɰ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɩɢɠɫ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ Ʌɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɫɣɬɭɛɦʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɴɣɭɛ ɂɛɪɛɟɣɨɣ ɩɢɠɫ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɠ ɭɛ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɩ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɛɨʀ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩɬɭɺɧ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɩʁ ɢɩɨɛɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɠ ɳɣɫɩɭɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɩɢɠɫ ɢɧʀɨɛ ɢɩɨ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢʀ ɬɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɨɨɺ Ɏ Ʌɩɫɟɣɦɷɾɫɛɰ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɭɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ɢɧʀɨɠɨɛ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɌɓȻ ɂ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɨɛ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭʀ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɥɣ ʀ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɟɠɬɺɭɥʀɝ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɪɛɫɥʀɝ Ʌɩɫʀɨɨʀ ɡɣɭɠɦʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ʀɨɟʀɛɨɱʀ ɠɬɥʀɧɩɬɣ ɛɦɠɮɭɣ ³ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɩʁɟɨɩʁ ɫɛɬɣ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɭɷ ɝɣɰʀɟɱʀ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɟɮɡɠ ɨɠɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ Ʌɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ȼɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɛɫɰʀɪɠɦɛɞɮ ɝɢɛɞɛɦʀ ɜɠɢ ɦɹɟɨʀ Ɉɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ ɨɛɤ
ɌȿɆȺ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɛ ɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ³ ɌɓȻ Ɉɛɳɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɬɪʀɝɪɫɛɱɹɾ ɢ Ʌɛɨɛɟɩɹ ɭɛ ɌɓȻ Ʌɛɨɛɟɛ ³ ɱɠ ɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɺɥɛ ɪɠɫɳɩɹ ɝɣɢɨɛɦɛ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ʀ ɝ ɺɥʀɤ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɾ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɣɰ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɞɫɩɧɛɟ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɭɫɸ ɬɟɦɭ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɿ ɪɢɫɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" əɤ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɨɫɜɨɽɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɹɦɢ" əɤɿ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɽ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ" ɇɚɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɬɿɫɧɢɦ ɽ ɡɜ¶ɹ-
ɡɨɤ ɦɿɠ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɨɸ ɛɭɞɨɜɨɸ ɿ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɨɦ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" əɤɿ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɿ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧɢ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɿ ɜ ɝɨɪɚɯ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" ɑɢɦ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɣ ɞɨ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ" əɤ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɿɱɤɢ Ɇɿɫɫɿɫɿɩɿ" əɤɿ ɟɧɞɟɦɿɱɧɿ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɢ ɬɚ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɬɨɛɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɿ" ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ʀɯɧɹ ɭɧɿ-
ɤɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ" ɑɨɦɭ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɹɝɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɦɟɪɢɞɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ
ɡ ɩɿɜɧɨɱɿ ɧɚ ɩɿɜɞɟɧɶ" əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɬɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɢɧ ɿ Ʉɨɪɞɢɥɶɽɪ" əɤ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɧɟɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɡ-
ɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ"
D
ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɨɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɚɪɬ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɛɭɞɨɜɢ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɨɪɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱ
ɹɤɿ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɿ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧɢ ɽ ɜ Ⱥɩɩɚɥɚɱɚɯ ɬɚ Ʉɨɪɞɢɥɶɽɪɚɯ ɑɢɦ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɢɯ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧ" Ɂɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɸ ɤɚɪɬɨɸ ɜɢɡɧɚɱ ɧɚɣɧɢɠɱɿ ɬɚ ɧɚɣɜɢɳɿ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɥɿɬɚ
ɬɚ ɡɢɦɢ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɩɥɨɳɿ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨɝɨ ɿ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɿɜ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɿ
ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ Ɂɞɿɣɫɧɢ ɭɹɜɧɭ ɩɨɞɨɪɨɠ ɜɿɞ ɜɢɬɨɤɭ Ɇɿɫɫɭɪɿ ɞɨ ɝɢɪɥɚ Ɇɿɫɫɿɫɿɩɿ əɤɿ ɨɫɨ-
ɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɹɜɢɬɢ" ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɜɲɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɭ ɬɚ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢ ɭɹɜɧɭ ɩɨɞɨɪɨɠ
ɭɡɞɨɜɠ ɫɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɡ ɩɿɜɧɨɱɿ ɧɚ ɩɿɜɞɟɧɶ ɍɤɚɠɢ ɹɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢ ɬɪɚɩɢɥɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɽɦɭ ɲɥɹɯɭ ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɬɪɢ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɡɿ ɋɩɢɫɤɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ
ɘɇȿɋɄɈ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɤɪɚʀɧ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɿ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɿ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɿ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ
ɭɤɪɚʀɧɰɿɜ ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɯ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ
Ɍɟɦɚ
ȯ ȼɊȺɁȱə
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ʀʀ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ" əɤ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɜɿɞ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɚ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɸɫɿɜ" əɤɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɦɚɽ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚɦɢ" ɇɚ ɹɤɿ ɞɜɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɸ"
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɧʀɡ ɪɩɦɹɬɩɧ ɭɛ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɩɧ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɺ ³ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɢɛ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɠ ɥɩɦɩ ɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɬɺɞɛɾ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɧɛɦ ɂ ɮɫɛɰɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨɛ ɝʀɟ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɹɬɛ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɏɫɛɨɱɛ Ʉɩɬɣɯɛ ʀ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɮ ɪʀɝɥɮɦɹ ɇɛɦʀ ɂɩɨɟɬɷɥʀ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ Ʌɫɛɤɨɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ ɭɩɲɥɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ³ ɧɣɬ ɒɠɦɹɬɥʀɨ ɪɨ ɳ ɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ³ ɧɣɬ Ɋʀɛɤ ɪɨ ɳ ɧɛɦ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɮ Ɍɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɛɦɠ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɨʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɢɛɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɮ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɮ ɪʀɝɥɮɦɹ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɹ ɭɩɲɥɩɹ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɾ ɧɣɬ ɋɩɥɛ ɢɰ ɟ ɧɛɦ ɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɹ ³ ɧɣɬ ȿɠɡɨɷɩɝɛ ɢɰ ɟ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ʀɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ³ ɨɛ ɭɣɬ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɩɧɣɭɣɤ ɲɩɭɣɫɧɛ ɩɥɠɛɨɛɧɣ Ɉɛɤɜɦɣɡɲɠ ɟɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ Ȼɯɫɣɥɛ ɺɥɛ ɝʀɟɟʀɦɠɨɛ Ɍɮɠ Ɇɚɥ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ ɧɚ ɡɧɿɦɤɭ ɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɭ ɱɷɥɣɧ ɥɛɨɛɦɩɧ Ɏ ɨɠɟɛɝɨɷɩɧɮ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɩɨɥɸɫɚ ɬɚ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪ ɨɩɧɮ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɛ ɢ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɹ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɩɹ ɛ ɨɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɺɾ ɨɠ ɟɮɡɠ ɳɣɫɩɥɛ ɢɛɧɠɫɢɛɹɲɛ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ȼɠɫɣɨɞɩɝɛ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɛ Ƚʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɭʀɬɨɠ ɬɮɬʀɟɬɭɝɩ ɢ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛɧɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɮɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɹɾ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ Ƚɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɩɧɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ ɝɬʀɰ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ Ɇɚɥ Ɇɢɫ ɑɟɥɸɫɤɿɧ
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ ȼɠɫɠɞɩɝɛ ɦʀɨʀɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɪɩɫʀɢɛɨɛ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɭɛɧ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɾ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨʀ ɧɩɫɺ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɺɥʀ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɩ ɝɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɬɮɰɩɟʀɦ Ƚɩɟɣ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɝʀɟɟʀɦɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɬɮɳʀ ɦɛɨɱɹɞɛɧɣ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɇʀɡ ɩɬɭɫʀɝɨɣɧɣ ɟɮɞɛɧɣ ʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɧ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɨʀ ɧɩɫɺ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɧʀɦɥɩɝɩɟɨʀ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɨʀ ɧɩɫɺ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭʀ ɝ ɜʀɥ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ƚ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɝɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ ɛ ɧʀɡ ɨɣɧɣ ³ ɳɣɫɩɥʀ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ʀ ɧɩɫɺ ɋʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɭɺ ɥɦʀɧɛɭʀɝ ɭɛ ɦɛɨɟɳɛɯɭʀɝ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɺ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɛ ɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɭɠɪɦɩɝɣɰ ʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɨɛɺɝɨʀ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɮɬʀ ɭɣɪɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɺɥʀ ʀɬɨɮɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɝ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ʀɬɨɮɹɭɷ ɊɍɅ ɮɬʀɰ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɩɨ ʀɢ ɪɫɣɭɛɧɛɨɨɣɧɣ ʁɧ ɭɣɪɛɧɣ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ʊɫɮɨɭʀɝ ɝɣɟɩɝɣɧ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɧ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɧɛɦ
Ɇɚɥ Ɉɛɟɥɿɫɤ ɳɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɧɚɣɩɿɜɞɟɧɧɿɲɭ ɬɨɱɤɭ Ⱥɡɿʀ ɧɚ ɦɢɫɿ ɉɿɚɣ
Ɇɚɥ Ɇɢɫ Ɋɨɤɚ
Ɇɚɥ Ɋɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɬɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ
Ɋɩɟʀɦ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɨɛ ɟɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɉɟɣɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ³ ɟɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɺ ³ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɭɫɠɭɣɨɮ ɬɮɳʀ ɪɦɩɴɛ ³ ɧɦɨ ɥɧ ɍɫɛɟɣɱʀɤɨɩ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɹ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɟɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɬɝʀɭɮ ³ Ȱɝɫɩɪɮ ɭɛ Ȼɢʀɹ Ɏɧɩɝɨɮ ɧɠɡɮ ɧʀɡ Ȱɝɫɩɪɩɹ ɭɛ Ȼɢʀɾɹ ɨɛɤɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɺɭɷ ɪɩ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɝɩɟɩɟʀɦɮ Ɏɫɛɦɷɬɷɥɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ɏɫɛɦ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ Ʌɛɬɪʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɳɠ Ʌɛɝɥɛɢɮ ɪɩ Ʌɮɧɩ ɇɛɨɣɱɷɥʀɤ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨʀ ɪɩ Ȼɢɩɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɒɩɫɨɩɧɮ ɇɛɫɧɮɫɩɝɩɧɮ ɧɩɫɺɰ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɛɰ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɱʀ ɧɩɫɺ ɢ·ɾɟɨɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɭɛ ʀɢ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɣɧ ɧɩɫɠɧ ɧɛɦ
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? Ɉɛ Ɏɫɛɦʀ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɩɜɠɦʀɬɥʀɝ ©Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ Ȼɢʀɺª ɉɟɣɨ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɢɛ ɥɧ ɝʀɟ ɫɩɬʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ȱɥɛɭɠ ɫɣɨɜɮɫɞɛ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
Ɇɚɥ ɑɟɪɜɨɧɢɦ ɤɨɥɶɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɦɟɠɭ ɡ ɹɤɨɸ ɩɨɝɨɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɰɿɜ ɨɪɚɧɠɟɜɢɦ ² ɿɧɲɿ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɢ ɦɟɠ
G
Ƚɛɫʀɛɨɭɣ ɧɠɡ ɧʀɡ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɧɣ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɬɦʀɟ ɧɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɮɝɛɢʀ ɴɩ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɡɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɛɥɩɨɠɨɨɺ ɦʀɨʀʁ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɱʀɾʁ ɧɠɡʀ ɍɩɧɮ ɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɟɠɴɩ ɪɩ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɮ ɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɾɭɷɬɺ ʁʁ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɭɣ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɝɛɫʀɛɨɭʀɝ ʁʁ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɬɭɩɬɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɮ ɧʀɡ ɒɩɫɨɣɧ ɭɛ Ʌɛɬɪʀɤɬɷɥɣɧ ɧɩɫɺɧɣ Ɉɛɮɥɩɝɱʀ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɩɜʊɫɮɨɭɩɝɛɨɩɹ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɧɠɡɮ ɺɥɛ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɢɛ ɥɧ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ɝʀɟ Ʌɛɝɥɛɢɷɥɣɰ ɞʀɫ ȳʁ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɺɭɷ ɟɩɦɣɨɛɧɣ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɇɛɨɣɲ ɭɛ Ʌɮɧɛ Ɉɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɢɨɣɡɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɨɠɟɛɦɠɥɩɧɮ ɢ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɞɦɺɟɮ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɛ ɺɥɛ ɬɪɩɦɮɲɛɦɛ ɨɣɨʀɳɨʀɤ Ʌɛɬɪʀɤ ɢ ɒɩɫɨɣɧ ɧɩɫɠɧ
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɚ ɿ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɟ-
ɪɢɞɿɚɧɚ" 2. əɤ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɚ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ" 3. əɤ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɬɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ
ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɬɿ" 4. əɤ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɟɠɚ ɦɿɠ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɜ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ȼɢɡɧɚɱ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɧɿɫɬɶ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɜɡɞɨɜɠ ɦɟɪɢɞɿɚɧɚ ɫɯ ɞ 2. Ⱦɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɡ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɿ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɦɨɪɹ ɿ ɡɚɬɨɤɢ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɨ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ
ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ɓɨ ɬɨɛɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨ ɩɪɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ" ɏɬɨ ɡ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɿɜ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɜ ɩɨɞɨɪɨɠɿ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɩɢɫɚɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɧɚɪɨɞɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɿ ɡɜɢɱɚʀ ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ Ʉɢɬɚɸ ȱɧɞɿʀ" əɤɿ ɧɚɣɞɚɜɧɿɲɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ"
Ɉɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ȿɛɝɨʀ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ʀ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɮ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɱɠ ɬɭɩɬɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɤɢɛɬɠɦɠɨʀɳɣɰ ɫɠɞʀɩɨʀɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɭɛ Ȼɢʀʁ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɺɝɣɴ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɩ ɭɛ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɩ ɝɲɠɨɣɧɣ ɬɛɧɠ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɭɛ Ȼɢʀʁ Ɏ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɬɥɦɛɦɣɬɺ ʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳʀ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ʌɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ Ȳɨɟʀʁ Ʌɣɭɛɹ Ƚɛɝɣɦɩɨɛ ɮ ɇɠɬɩɪɩɭɛɧʀʁ ɧɛɦ ɨɛɦʀɲɮɾ ɭɣɬɺɲɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɍɮɭ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɛɥʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɤ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭʀ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɺɥ Ƚɛɝɣɦɩɨ Ɍɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɺ Ⱦɫɠɱʀɺ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥʀ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɣ ɭɛ ʀɨ Ƚɲɠɨʀ ɱɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɢɟɛɝɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɪʀɢɨɛɝɛɭɣ ɂɠɧɦɹ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ Ɋɩɟɩɫɩɡʀ ɝ Ȳɨɟʀɹ ʀ Ʌɣɭɛɤ ɪɫɩɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ Ɇɚɥ Ɋɭʀɧɢ ɞɚɜɧɶɨɝɨ ȼɚɜɢɥɨɧɚ ɬɚ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɣ ɩɚɥɚɰ ɧɚ ɦɿɫɰɿ ɞɚɜɧɶɨʀ ɝ Ɍɣɜʀɫ ʀ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɮ Ȼɢʀɹ ɪɩɳɮɥɣ ɳɦɺȼɚɜɢɥɨɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɜɟɠɿ ɰʀɝ ɮ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡ ɟɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɩɜɫɣɬɣ ɜɠɫɠɞɩɝɩʁ ɦʀɨʀʁ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɺɦɣ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɤ ɝɨɠɬɩɥ ɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɫɠɱɷɥʀ ɛ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥʀ ɝɲɠɨʀ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛɮɥɩɝʀ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀʁ ;,Ȳ²;9 ɬɭ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɹɝɛɦɣ ʀ ɪɩɞɦɣɜɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɨɛɺɝɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ Ɇɚɥ Ɂɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɬɚ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡʀ ɇɛɫɥɩ Ɋɩɦɩ Ȼɯɛɨɛɬʀɺ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɿ ɞɚɜɧɶɨɝɪɟɰɶɤɨɝɨ Ɉʀɥʀɭʀɨɛ Ƚɛɬɥɩ ɟɛ Ⱦɛɧɣ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɩɹ ɝ ɱɠɤ ɜɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɉɬɨɥɟɦɟɹ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɜɮɦɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡ ɝɠɨɠɱʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɮɪɱɺ ʀ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥɛ Ɉʀɥɥɩɦɩ ɟɠ Ʌɩɨɭʀ ɧɛɦ Ƚʀɨ ɧɛɨɟɫɮɝɛɝ ɮ ɫ ɪɩ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ Ȳɨɟʀʁ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɝ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ ɓɫʀ Ɇɛɨɥɛ Ɍɮɧɛɭɫɛ ȼɩɫɨɠɩ ɚɝɛ ɂɛ ɟɩɫɮɲɠɨɨɺɧ Ɋɛɪɣ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɠɤ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɩ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɨɣɤ ɢɝʀɭ ɪɫɩ ɱʀ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡʀ
ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɝ ;9,²;9,, ɬɭ
Ɇɚɥ Ƚɟɧɭɟɡɶɤɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɪ ɩɪɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɿ ɹɤɨʀ ɛɭɥɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɨ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɡɿɛɪɚɧɭ ɇɿɤɤɨɥɨ ɞɟ Ʉɨɧɬɿ
Ɇɚɥ Ʉɧɢɝɚ ȿɧɝɟɥɶɛɟɪɬɚ Ʉɟɦɩɮɟɪɚ
Ɇɚɥ Ɇɨɧɭɦɟɧɬ ɋɟɦɟɧɭ Ⱦɟɠɧɶɨɜɭ ɧɚ ɦɢɫɿ Ⱦɟɠɧɶɨɜɚ
Ƚɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ ɭɛ ɚɪɩɨʀʁ Ɏ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;9, ³ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;9,, ɬɭ ɝ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ ɪɦɛɝɛɦɣ ɞɩɦɦɛɨɟɱʀ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀ ʀɬɪɛɨɱʀ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɨɛɭɮɫɛɦʀɬɭ ʀ ɦʀɥɛɫ ɀɨɞɠɦɷɜɠɫɭ Ʌɠɧɪɯɠɫ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɢ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɮ ² SS ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɝ ɚɪɩɨʀɹ ɟɠ ɢʀɜɫɛɝ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɪɫɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ʀ ɪɩɜɮɭ ʁʁ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ Ʉɩɞɩ ɥɨɣɞɛ ɩɪɮɜɦʀɥɩɝɛɨɛ ɫ ɝ Ɇɩɨɟɩɨʀ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɜɮɦɛ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɧ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭɠɤ ɪɫɩ ɚɪɩɨʀɹ ɧɛɦ ɋɩɬʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦɠɪɫɩɰʀɟɱʀ Ɏ ɱɠɤ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɤ ɝɨɠɬɩɥ ɮ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɠɤ Ȼɢʀʁ ɥɮɟɣ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɨɣɥɛɦɣ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɫɩɬʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦɠɪɫɩɰʀɟɱʀ Ɍɠɧɠɨ ȿɠɡɨɷɩɝ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷ Ɋɩɺɫɥɩɝ Ȱɫɩɯɠɤ ɐɛɜɛɫɩɝ ɑɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɩ ɢ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɋɩɬʀɺ ɭɩɟʀ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɮɝɛɦɛ ɭɛ ɩɬɝɩɹɝɛɦɛ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ ³ Ɍɣɜʀɫ ȿɛɦɠɥɣɤ Ɍɰʀɟ ɰɩɦɩɟɨʀ ɭɛ ɨɠɪɫɣɬɭɮɪɨʀ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɍɠɧɠɨ ȿɠɡɨɷɩɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɮ ɫ ɪɫɩɤɳɩɝ ȼɠɫɣɨɞɩɝɮ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɮ ɪɩ ɝɬʀɤ ʁʁ ɪɫɩɭɺɡɨɩɬɭʀ ³ ɢ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɧɛɦ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷ Ɋɩɺɫɥɩɝ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ Ȱɫɩɯʀɤ ɐɛɜɛɫɩɝ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ;9,, ɬɭ ʀɢ ɢɛɞɩɨɛɧɣ ɥɩɢɛɥʀɝ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɣɦɣ ɟɩɦɣɨɮ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ȼɧɮɫ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɉɰɩɭɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯɣ ɭɛ ɞɠɩɦɩɞɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩʁ ȼɫɣɭɛɨʀʁ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɣ Ȼɝɬɭɫʀʁ ɋɩɬʀʁ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɝɣɝɲɛɦɣ Ȼɦɷɪɣ ʀ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝʀɹ Ɋʀɫɠɨɠʁ ʀ Ʌɛɫɪɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ʀ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɋɩɟɩɫɩɡʀ ɝ ɍɣɜɠɭ ʀ Ⱦʀɧɛɦɛʁ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ Ȳɨɟɩɨɠɢʀʁ ɤ ɮ Ɋɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɛɢʀɤɬɷɥɠ
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɟɩɪɩɝɨɹɝɛɦɣ ʀ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɛɳʀ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ
ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɮ ;9,ȲȲ²;Ȳɐ ɬɭ Ƚɪɠɫɳɠ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ Ɏ ;9,,,²;,; ɬɭ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɭɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɰɩɟɮ Ȼɢʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ Ɍɠɫɞʀɤ Ʌɫɛɳɠɨɣɨɨɣɥɩɝ ɴɠ ɝ ;9,,, ɬɭ ɩɪɣɬɛɝ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ ɟɛɦɠɥɩʁ Ʌɛɧɲɛɭɥɣ Ɏ ² ɫɫ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɺ ɪʀɟ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣ ɱɭɝɩɧ ɳɝɠɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥɛ Ɉʀɦɷɬɛ Ɉɩɫɟɠɨɳɠɦɷ ɟɛ ɧɛɦ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɦɛ ɢɤɩɧɥɮ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɓɪʀɱɜɠɫɞɠɨɛ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɪɠɫɠɭɨɮɦɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɠ ɥɫɣɡɛɨɠ ɪɩɦɠ Ɏ ² ɫɫ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɺ Ɉɩɫɟɠɨɳɠɦɷɟɛ ɨɛ ɪɛɫɩɪɦɛɝʀ ©Ƚɠɞɛª ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɦɛ ɨɛɬɥɫʀɢɨɠ ʀɢ ɢɣɧʀɝɦɠɹ ɝ ɟɩɫɩɢʀ ɪɦɛɝɛɨɨɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ Ɍɰʀɟɨɣɧ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɩɧ ɢ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɝ ɍɣɰɣɤ ʀ ɲɠɫɠɢ Ɍɮɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɥɛɨɛɦ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɟɩ ɓɝɠɱʀʁ ɫ ɪɠɫɳɩɹ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɩɜʀɤɳɦɛ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɝɬɹ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɹ ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɫɛɤɩɨʀɝ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ Ƚɛɡɥɩɟɩɬɭɮɪɨʀ ɞɩɫɣ Ȼɢʀʁ Ɋɛɧʀɫ ɍɺɨɷ ɓɛɨɷ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ ʀ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɍɣɜɠɭ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɜɬɭɠɡɠɨɩ ɮ ɐȲɐ ɬɭ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɣɧɣ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɺɧɣ Ɋɠɭɫɛ Ɍɠɧɠɨɩɝɛ ɍɺɨ ɓɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɇɣɥɩɦɣ Ɋɫɡɠɝɛɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɋɠɭɫɛ Ʌɩɢɦɩɝɛ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɧɛɦ Ɋɠɭɫɩ Ɍɠɧɠɨɩɝ ɍɺɨ ɓɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɮ ² ɫɫ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡ ɨɛ ɍɺɨɷ ɓɛɨɷ ɢɫɩɜɣɝɳɣ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɞʀɫ Ɋʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɜɮɝ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɴɠ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɤ ɟɩ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩʁ ʀ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ ɇɣɥɩɦɛ Ɋɫɡɠɝɛɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ Ɍɣɜʀɫɮ ɭɛ Ɏɬɮɫʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɫɛɹ ɫ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɹ ɝ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɮ Ȼɢʀɹ ȿɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɢ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɪɫɩɨɣɥ ɟɩ ɍɣɜɠɭɮ ɪɩɜɮɝɛɝ ɮ ɝɠɫɰʀɝ·ɺɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɐɮɛɨɰɠ ɭɛ ɚɨɱɢɣ Ƚɲɠɨɣɤ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɨʀ ɩɪɣɬɣ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ Ⱦɩɜʀ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞʀɫɨɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨʀɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɍɣɜɠɭɮ Ʌɨɣɡɥɛ ɇɣɥɩɦɣ Ɋɫɡɠɝɛɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ©ɇɩɨɞɩɦʀɺ ʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɭɛɨɞɮɭʀɝª ² ɪɫɣɨɠɬɦɛ ɛɝɭɩɫɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɮ ɬɦɛɝɮ ʀ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟɠɨɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɧɛ ɧɩɝɛɧɣ Ɏ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɐȲɐ ɬɭ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɜɩɭɛɨʀɥ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ɇɣɪɬɷɥɣɤ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɢ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɤ ɩɪɣɬ ɯɦɩɫɣ Ȳɨɟɩɨɠɢʀʁ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ
Ɇɚɥ ɇɿɥɶɫ ɇɨɪɞɟɧɲɟɥɶɞ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɟɬɪɨ ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜ Ɍɹɧ ɒɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɚɦ¶ɹɬɧɢɤ Ɇɢɤɨɥɿ ɉɪɠɟɜɚɥɶɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɜ ɋɚɧɤɬ ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɡɿ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɮ ;ɐ ɬɭ ɂɛ ɩɟɨɮ ɨɛɝʀɞɛɱʀɹ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɧ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɧ ɳɦɺɰɩɧ ȿɩɬɣɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɤ ɝɨɠɬɩɥ ɮ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɉɭɭɩ ɓɧʀɟɭ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɫɩɟɣɝɬɺ ɮ ȼʀɦɩɫɮɬʀ ɭɛ ɨɛɝɲɛɝɬɺ ɝ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɞʀɧɨɛɢʀʁ ɤ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭʀ Ɏ ɫɩɱʀ ɉɭɭɩ ɓɧʀɟɭ ɜɫɛɝ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɫɛɟɺɨɬɷɥɩ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥʀɤ ɪɛɧʀɫɬɷɥʀɤ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀʁ ɺɥɛ ɝɣɝɲɛɦɛ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɛɬɧɛ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɦɣ ʀ ɨɛɤɝɣɴʀ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɣ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ Ɋɛɧʀɫɮ Ɏ ɭɛ ɫɩɥɛɰ ɝʀɨ ɩɲɩɦɹɝɛɝ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀʁ ɨɛ ɥɫɣɞɩɦɛɧɨɩɧɮ ɪɛɫɩɪɦɛɝʀ ©Ɍɾɟɩɝª Ɋɠɫɳɛ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɺ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɏɫɛɨɱɛ Ʉɩɬɣɯɛ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɟɫɮɞɩʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɩ ɫɺɟ ɧɛɦɣɰ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɜɠɫɠɞɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ɏ ɫɩɱʀ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɺ ɪʀɟ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ɉɭɭɩ ɓɧʀɟɭɛ ɨɛ ɥɫɣɞɩɦɛɧɨɩɧɮ ɪɛɫɩɪɦɛɝʀ ©Ɍɣɜʀɫɺɥɩɝª ɢɛ ɩɟɨɮ ɨɛɝʀɞɛɱʀɹ ɪɫɩɤɳɦɛ ɮɝɠɬɷ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ɪɩɥɦɛɝɳɣ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɫɠɞɮɦɺɫɨɣɧ ɪɦɛɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɮɢɟɩɝɡ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ɍɣɜʀɫɮ Ɏ ɫɩɱʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɝ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɹ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɳɮ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɟɫɠɤɯɮɹɲɮ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɮ ɬɭɛɨɱʀɹ ©Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɦɹɬ ª ɮ ɬɛɧɩɧɮ ɱɠɨɭɫʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɧɛɦ ɉɭɭɩ ɓɧʀɟɭ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɤ ɝɨɠɬɩɥ ɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ ɂɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɝɛɝ ɭɠɩɫʀɹ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɦɛɨɠɭ Ɍɩɨɺɲɨɩʁ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɉɟɨɛɥ ʀ ɟɩ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɩ ɨɠɫʀɝɨɩɧʀɫɨɩ Ȱ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɫɩ ɺɥʀ ɴɠ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɨɠɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɨɛɮɥɩɝʀɤ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɬɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɞɩɫɣ Ⱦʀɨɟɮɥɮɳ Ɇɚɥ Ʉɨɪɚɛɟɥɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɿɦɟɧɟɦ Ʌɛɫɛɥɩɫɮɧ Ɉɬɬɨ ɒɦɿɞɬɚ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. Ɂ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɞɿɹɦɢ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɿ ɧɚɣɞɚɜɧɿɲɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ" 2. əɤɿ ɜɧɟɫɤɢ ɜ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ Ⱥɡɿʀ ɡɪɨɛɢɥɢ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɰɿ ɬɚ ɡɟɦɥɟɩɪɨɯɿɞɰɿ" 3. ɏɬɨ ɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɜɩɟɪɲɟ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɜ ɩɨɞɨɪɨɠ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɨ ɜɫɿɽʀ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ" 4. ɏɬɨ ɭ ɏȱɏ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɿ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɜ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɿɜ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ" 5. əɤɢɣ ɜɧɟɫɨɤ ɭ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɡɪɨɛɢɜ Ɉɬɬɨ ɒɦɿɞɬ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. Ⱦɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɡ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤɿɜ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɿɲɥɨɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɚ 2. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɨɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɬɥɚɫɭ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɫɤɥɚɞɢ ɨɩɢɫ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɲɥɹɯɭ
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɍɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɛ ɜɮɟɩɝɛ ʀ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɋʀɝɨɣɨɣ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ȼɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɫɿɦ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɣ ɪɟɥɶɽɮ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɢ" əɤɢɦɢ ɡɚ ɜɿɤɨɦ ɿ ɛɭɞɨɜɨɸ ɜɨɧɢ ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ" əɤɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɚɦ" əɤɿ ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɸ ɜɢɫɨɬɨɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ"
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɝɣɬɩɭ ʀ ɨɛɤɨɣɡɲɣɰ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨ ɂɛ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɧʀɫʀɝ ɨɠ ɟɣɝɨɩ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɟɮɡɠ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɲɣɬɦʀ ɤ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɍɛɧ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ³ ɞ ȿɡɩɧɩɦɮɨɞɧɛ ɀɝɠɫɠɬɭ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ɧ ʀ ɨɛɤɞɦɣɜɳɛ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɛ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɮ ³ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɇɠɫɭɝɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɧ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɝɣɬɩɭɛ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɧ ɨɛɟ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɧɩɫɺ Ⱦɩɫɣ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺɧɣ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɧɛɦ
Ɇɚɥ ɋɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɨɳ ɝɿɪ ɡ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɿɪ¶ɹɦɢ ɬɚ ɜɢɫɨɱɢɧɧɢɯ ɿ ɧɢɡɨɜɢɧɧɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɢɧ ɭ ɞɜɨɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɯ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
Ɋɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɨʀ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɢʀɭɥɛɨɣɤ ʀɢ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɋʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɛ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɢ ʁʁ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɪɫɩɭɺɡɨʀɬɭɹ ɛ ɤ ɢ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩɹ ɬɥɦɛɟɨʀɬɭɹ ɜɮɟɩɝɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ƚɬʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ Ɇɚɥ ȼɢɫɬɭɩɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɩɟɨɮ ɟɛɝɨɹ ɬɭʀɤɥɮ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɮ ʀɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɭ ɋɯɿɞɧɨɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɨɣɧɣ ɟɩ ɨɠʁ ɧɩɦɩɟɳɣɧɣ ʀ ɫɮɰɦɣɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɢ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ Ȼɚɥɬɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɝɣɧɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɣɧɣ ɪɩɺɬɛɧɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɳɢɬɚ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɺ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɨɣɰ ɺɟɠɫ ³ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ Ɍɣɜʀɫɬɷɥɩʁ Ʌɣɭɛɤɬɷ ɥɩ Ʌɩɫɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɥɣɭɛɤɬɷɥɩʁ Ȳɨɟɩɬɭɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɛ Ȼɫɛɝʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ɴɩ ɢ·ɾɟɨɛɨʀ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɫʀɢɨɩɝʀɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɣɧɣ ɪɩɺɬɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ ɑʀ ɟɛɝɨʀ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɾ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɧɣ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɢ·ɾɟɆɚɥ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɿ Ƚɚɬɢ ² ɛɪɢɥɨɜɿ ɨɛɨɣɰ ɝ ɾɟɣɨɠ ɱʀɦɠ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɝɨɪɢ ɧɚ ɩɿɜɨɫɬɪɨɜɿ ȱɧɞɨɫɬɚɧ ɹɤɿ ɍɛɥ Ȼɫɛɝʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɭɛ Ȳɨɟɩɬɭɛɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɿ ɜɿɞɤɨɥɟɧɧɹ ɾ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɧɣ ɟɛɝɨɷɩʁ Ⱦɩɨɟɝɛɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɣȱɧɞɨɫɬɚɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɢ ɜɿɞ Ƚɨɧɞɜɚɧɢ ɾɟɨɛɦɣɬɺ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɟɩ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɾɝɫɛɢʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɨɣɰ ɺɟɠɫ ɧɛɦ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? Ʌɫʀɧ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɧ ɮ ɧɠɡɛɰ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɾ Ƚɢɟɩɝɡ ɫɮɬɦɛ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ɇɠɨɣ ɨɛ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɰ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɤ ɲɩɰɩɦ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɭɺɞɨɠɭɷ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɝɛɝ ɢɫɮɤɨɩɝɛɨʀ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɞɩɫɣ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɺ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ ɝɛɪɨɺɥɩɝɣɰ ɬɥɠɦɷ ɬɯɩɫɧɩɝɛɨʀ ɴɠ ɝ ɪɛɦɠɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɮ ɠɫɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɤɢɛɝɝɣɳɥɣ ɟɩ ɧ ȳɰ ɨɛɢɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɰ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ɪɦɣɭ ³ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɝɛɹɭɷ Ɇɠɨɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɬɭɩɝɪɛ ɬɣɜʀɫɬɷɥɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɛ ɍɮɫɛɨɬɷɥɛ ɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɫɠ ɋʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɺɥ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀʁ ɝɨɮɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɭɺ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ʀ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɰ ɬɣɦ Ɋɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɛɧ ɮ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɢɦɩɧɮ ɫɠɦɷɾɯʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨʀ ɢɛ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɩ ɟɩ ɛɥɭɣɝʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɝɣɬɩɭɩɹ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɩɧ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɑɠ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɝɣɝʀɭɫɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɞʀɫ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɦɠɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɡɛɭɷ ɮ ʁɰ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɛ ɤ ɟʀɾɹ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɰ ɬɣɦ Ɍɛɧɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɾ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɩɹ ɨɛɞɫɩɧɛɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɰ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɺ ɫʀɝɨɣɨ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɦɣɰ ʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɪɛɞɩɫɜʀɝ ɬɥɠɦɷ ɜɛɦɩɥ ɺɫʀɝ ʀ ɭ ʀɨ Ɏ ɧɠɡɛɰ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɩ
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ ɝɬʀ ɭɣɪɣ ɫʀɝɨɣɨ ɺɥʀ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɮ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀʁ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ʀ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɰ ɬɣɦ ³ ɛɦɹɝʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝʀ ɝɩɟɨɩ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝʀ ɟɠɨɮɟɛɱʀɤɨʀ ɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ
ɋʀɝɨɣɨɣ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɋʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀɤ ɟɛɝɨʀɤ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɝ ɫɠɦɷɾɯʀ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛ Ɏ ʁʁ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɧɠɨɳʀ ɢɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ ɝɣɬɩɲɣɨɣ ʀ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɩɧ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɛɜɬɩɦɹɭɨɣɧɣ ɝɣɬɩɭɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ Ɏ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɯɩɫɧɩɝɛɨʀ ɟɛɝɨʀɧ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɧ ɮ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ ³ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɛɦɣɧɣ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɛɧɣ ɝɣɝʀɭɫɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ³ ɫʀɲɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɨɛɨɩɬɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɛɧɣ ɧɩɫɺ ɉɭɡɠ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝʀ ɭɛ ɝɩɟɨɩ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀɤ ɫʀɝɨɣɨʀ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɢ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ Ɇɚɥ Ⱦɚɜɧɽ ɩɨɤɪɢɜɧɟ ɡɥɟɞɟɧɿɧɧɹ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɰ ɟɝɩɰ ɧʀɦɷɤɩɨʀɝ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɜ ȯɜɪɨɩɿ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɨɣɰ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɩɬɠɫɠɟɩɥ ɢɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɺɥɣɰ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɪʀɟɨɺɭɩʁ Ɍɣɜʀɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɦɛɭ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɯɩɫɧɣ ɪɛɨɮɹɭɷ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɪɦɛɭɩ ɭɛ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɇʀɬɱɺɧɣ ɪɩɧʀɡ ɫɩɢɦɩɧɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɬɣɜʀɫɬɷɥɣɧ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɞʀɫ·ɺɧ ɋɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɛ Ʌɣɭɛɤɬɷɥɩ Ʌɩɫɠɤɬɷɥɛ ɪɦɛɭ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ɪʀɟɨɺɦɣɬɺ ɪɦɩɬɥɩ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɺɥɩʁ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɝɣɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɨʀ ɜɫɣɦɩɝʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɑɠ ɫɮɰʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɪɮɬɥɛɨɷ ɮ ɪɫɣɧɩɫɬɷɥʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɬɯɩɫɌɰʀɟɨʀ ɤ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀ Ⱦɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝ ɧɩɝɛɨɛ ɛɦɹɝʀɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɛɧɣ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ Ȳɨɟɩɬɭɛɨ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ ɨɛ ɋʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɞʀɫ ɪɛɦɠɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ Ʌɣɭɛɹ Ȼɦ ɠɫɣ ɋʀɝɨɣɨɨʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɟɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɭɛɧɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ʀ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɧ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɛɧ Ɉɛ ɜʀɦɷɟɩ ² ɧ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɺɥɩ ɳɩɬɭʀ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɥɣɨɮɦɣɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɣ ɂɛɞɩ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ Ȼɦɟɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɴɣɭ ɰʀɟɨɩɬɣɜʀɫɬɷɥɛ ɍɮɫɛɨɬɷɥɛ ɛɦɠ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ʀ ɪɦɩɬɌɣɜʀɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧɣ ɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɺ Ⱦɩɜʀ Ɉɛ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɤ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ ɱɣɰ ɫʀɝɨɣɨ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɧɛɦɣ ɤ ɠɥɢɩɞɠɨɨʀ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɫʀɲɩɥ ʀ ɭɣɧɲɛɬɩɝɣɰ ɝɩɟɩɭɩɥʀɝ ɝʀɭɫɮ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɰɝɣɦɷ ɥɛɫɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɛ ɮ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ³ ɤ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɨɣɰ ɢɦɠɟɠɨʀɨɷ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ Ȱ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɴɩ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɣ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɞʀɫ ɮ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɞɩ ɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɯɩɫɧɩɝɛɨʀ ɪɦɛɬɭɛɧɣ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɺɥʀ ɢʀɧ·ɺɭʀ ɝ ɬɥɦɛɟɥɣ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɛɜɬɩɦɹɭɨʀ ɝɣɬɩɭɣ ɭɛ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɤ ɢɞɦɛɟɡɠɨɣɤ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɨɠ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɪʀɟɬɭɛɝ ɮɝɛɡɛɭɣ ɱʀ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɞɩɫɛɧɣ ȿɩ ɫʀɝɨɣɨ ɭɛɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ Ʌɛɢɛɰɬɷɥɣɤ ɟɫʀɜɨɩɬɩɪɥɩɝɣɥ Ɇɚɥ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɶɤɢɣ ɞɪɿɛɧɨɫɨɩɤɨɜɢɤ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɱɠ ɰɝɣɦɺɬɭɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛ ɺɥɛ ɮɬɥɦɛɟɨɠɨɛ ɞɩɫɜɛɧɣ ɢ ɩɥɫɮɞɦɣɧɣ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɛɧɣ ɬɩɪɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɬɥɠɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɧɣ ɮ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɝɣɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɬɭʀɤɥɣɰ ɟɩ ɝɣɝʀɭɫɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ Ƚʀɭɠɫ ɟɩɴ ɭɠɥɮɲʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɢɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɩɦɣɬɷ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɞɩɫɣ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ʁɰ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɜɣɬɭɮ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɮ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɑɢɦ ɪɟɥɶɽɮ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ" 2. ɑɢɦ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɚ ɛɭɞɨɜɚ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ" 3. Ɂɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɹɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɚɦ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɧɿ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ" 4. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɬɚ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɢɧ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɿ ɚɬɥɚɫɭ Ɇɟɫɨɩɨɬɚɦɫɶɤɭ ɬɚ ȱɧɞɨ Ƚɚɧɝɫɶɤɭ ɧɢɡɨɜɢɧɢ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɩɪɨ ʀɯɧɽ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ 2. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɨɩɢɫɢ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɭ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɢɧ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ
Ⱦʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ʌɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ȼɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɫɿɦ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɣ ɪɟɥɶɽɮ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɫɬɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ" əɤ ɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɢ ɿ ɝɨɪɢ ɡɚ ɜɢɫɨɬɨɸ"
Ⱦʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ȼɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɩ Ⱦʀɧɛɦɛɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɥɦɛɟ ɲɛɬɭɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ Ƚ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɣɬɭɠɧ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɫʀɢɨɩɝʀɥɩɝʀ ɫɮɰɦɣɝʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɉɜɦɛɬɭɺɧ ɥɛɤɨɩɢɩɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɞʀɞɛɨɭɬɷɥʀ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɍɛɥ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɨɮɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɤ Ȼɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɩ Ⱦʀɧɛ ɦɛɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ Ɏ ɧɠɆɚɥ Ƚɨɪɢ Ⱥɥɶɩɢ ɡɛɰ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ Ɋʀɫɠɨɠʁ Ȼɦɷɪɣ ɇɩɨɜɦɛɨ ³ ɧ ³ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ȼɪɠɨɨʀɨɣ Ʌɛɫɪɛɭɣ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɛ Ⱦɠɫɦɛɰɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɓɭɣɭ ³ ɧ ɧɛɦ Ƚ Ȼɢʀʁ ɟɩ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ Ʌɛɝɥɛɢ Ⱦʀɨɟɮɥɮɳ Ɋɛɧʀɫ Ⱦʀɧɛɦɛʁ Ɏ ɫɠɦɷɾɯʀ ɱɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɫʀɢɨɩɝɣɬɩɭɨʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɇʀɬɱɺɧɣ ɧʀɡ ɪɛɬɧɛɧɣ ɰɫɠɜɭʀɝ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɝɣɬɩ- Ɇɚɥ ȼɟɪɲɢɧɚ Ʉɨɧɝɭɪ ɭ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɿɣ ɥɩɪʀɟɨɺɭʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɮɬɥɦɛɟɨɠɨʀ ɜɫɣɦɩɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ ɉɚɦɿɪɭ ɝɣɧɣ ɞɩɫɛɧɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ Ȳɫɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ Ȳɨɩɟʀ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ ɢɜɦɣɡɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɲɣ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɝɮɢɦɣ Ɉɛɤɝɣɴɣɤ ʀɢ ɨɣɰ ³ Ɋɛɧʀɫ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɛ Ʌɩɨɞɮɫ ɧ ɧɛɦ ɇʀɡ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɛɧɣ ʀ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ɨɣɧɣ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɧɣ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɟɞʀɫɨʀ ɥɫɛɤɩɝʀ ɪɫɩɞɣɨɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɛɪɩɝɨɠɨʀ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɛɧɣ ɨɛɨɠɬɠɨɣɧɣ ɢ ɞʀɫ ɴɩ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɹɭɷɬɺ Ɏ ɨɣɰ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɟɠɆɚɥ ȱɧɞɨ Ƚɚɧɝɫɶɤɚ ɧɢɡɨɜɢɧɚ Ⱦɨɥɢɧɚ ɪɿɱɤɢ ȱɧɞ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ Ȳɨɟɩ Ⱦɛɨɞɬɷɥɛ ³ ɧɛɦ ɇɠɬɩɪɩɭɛɧɬɷɥɛ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ ȿɫɮɞɣɤ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɤ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɩ ³ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ƚʀɨ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɩɫɮɲ ɢ ɨɛɤɞɦɣɜɳɣɧɣ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɛɧɣ ɍɮɭ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀɺ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩʁ ʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɩɝɩʁ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ Ɋʀɟɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɪɦɣɭɣ ɪʀɟ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɣɰ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɣɬɭɠɧ ɩɬɭɫʀɝɨɣɰ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɟɮɞ Ɏɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɣɰ ɨɠɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɞʀɫ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɏɫɛɦɮ ɧɛɦ ɍɺɨɷ ɓɛɨɹ Ʌɮɨɷɦɮɨɹ Ȼɦɭɛɹ Ɍɛɺɨ ɍɣɜɠɭɮ ʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɣɬɭɠɧ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɩɬɺ ɮ ɪɛɦɠɩɢɩʁ ʀ ɧɠɢɩɢɩʁ ɂ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɞɩɫɣ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɜɣɬɭʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ Ɏ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɫɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɱʀ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀɝ ʀ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɷ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɜɦɩɥʀɝ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ Ɇɚɥ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɢɣ ɍɪɚɥ ɞɩɫɬɭʀɝ ɍɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɩɬɺ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɩɧɩɦɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɣɬɭɠɧ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɩʁ ɝɣɬɩɭɣ ʀ ɨɛ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɾ ɝɣɴɣɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɰ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɣɰ ɞʀɫ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɩɧɩɦɩɟɡɠɨɣɰ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩ ɜɫɣɦɩɝɣɰ ɞʀɫ ³ ɍɺɨɷ ɓɛɨɷ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɛ ɍɩɧɮɫ ³ ɧ Ʌɛɫɛɥɩɫɮɧ ɒɩɨɞɩɫʀ ³ ɧ ɧɛɦ Ʌɮɨɷɦɮɨɷ Ȼɦɭɛɤ Ɋɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɩɧɩɦɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɢ Ɇɚɥ ɑɨɧɝɨɪɿ ɨɣɰ ʀ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɟ ɲɛɬɮ ɯʀɥɬɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɬɠɫɠɟɥɣ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɪɩɭɮɡɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬʀɝ Ƚɮɦɥɛɨɣ ɭɛɧ ɮ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɝɣɪɛɟɥʀɝ ɢɞɛɬɦʀ Ɋɫɩ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɠɨɮ ɛɥɭɣɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɟʀʁ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɬɣɦ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɹɭɷ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɞɛɫɺɲʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɍɛɥʀ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɢɫɮɤɨɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɛɬɣɝʀɝ ɮ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɒɠɰʀʁ Ɏ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɾ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɮ ©ɫɠɳʀɭɥɮª ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ʀ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɰ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɣɬɭɠɧ ɧʀɡ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ Ȱ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɮɦɩɞɩɝɣɨ ɺɥʀ ɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɜɩɥʀɝ ɩɭɩɲɠɨʀ ɞɩɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɝɣɬɩɲɣɨɛɧɣ ɂɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɣ ʀ ɝɮɦɥɛɨɣ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ Ɏ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɭɫɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɛɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨʀ ɫɮɰɣ Ɋɫɩ ɱɠ ɬɝʀɟɲɣɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɬɭɮɪʀɨɷ ɬɠɤɬɧʀɲɨɩɬɭʀ ɝ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀʁ ɦʀɭɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ ɚɪɩɨɬɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɏʀɦʀɪɪʀɨɬɷɥʀ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ ɛɫɰʀɪɠɦɛɞɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ȼɟɫʀɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɤ ɀɞɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫʀɝ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ Ȳɫɛɨɬɷɥɠ ʀ Ƚʀɫɧɠɨɬɷɥɠ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɢɛɢɨɛɹɭɷ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬʀɝ ɫʀɢɨɩʁ ɬɣɦɣ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɥɛɭɛɬɭɫɩɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɂɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɣ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɹ ɚɪɩɨʀʁ ³ ɍɩɥʀɩ ɪɫɣɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɭɛ ɥɫɛʁɨ ȼɛɦɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ Ɏ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɰ ɬɥɦɛɟɲɛɬɭɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɣɤ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɢɧ ɍɮɭ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɟʀɹɲɣɰ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɝ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɧɣ ɾ Ʌɦɹɲɠɝɬɷɥɛ Ɍɩɪɥɛ ɨɛ Ʌɛɧɲɛɭɱʀ ɧɛɦ Ƚɠɢɮɝʀɤ ɨɛ Ȼɪɠɨɨʀɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ ɀɭɨɛ ɨɛ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀʁ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɝ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ Ȳɬɦɛɨɟʀɺ ɝ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɟɠ ɧɛɞɧɛ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ Ɇɚɥ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɫɶɤɚ ɋɨɩɤɚ ɮ ɫɣɯɭɩɝʀɤ ɢɩɨʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɜɭɛ Ɏ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɝɣɝɠɫɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɝ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀ ɫɮɤɨʀɝɨʀ ɝɣɜɮɰɣ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɦɣɰɩ ɪɫɣɨʀɬ ɫ ɝɣɜɮɰ ɝɮɦɥɛɨɮ ɨɛ ɚɪɩɨɬɷɥʀ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ ³ ɩɬɩɜɦɣ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɢ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɇɛɦɛɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɛɫɰʀɪɠɦɛɞɮ Ƚʀɨ ɝɛ ɦɛɨɥɛ ɍɣɰɩɩɥɠɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɢɨɣɴɣɝ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ ʀɢ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɧɛ ɭɣɬɺɲɛɧɣ ɬɠɤɬɧʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɨɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ƚɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɝɣɝɠɫɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɩɬɷ ɢɛɞɛɦɩɧ ɪɫɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɢɠɧ ɱɮɨɛɧʀ Ƚɬɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɜɮɰɩɧ ʀ ɱɮɨɛɧʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɫɮɤɨɩɦɠɭɫɮɬʀɝ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɂ ɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɚɪɩ ɝɛɨɩ ɧʀɬɭ ɭɛ ɬʀɦ ɐɧɛɫɛ ɪɩɪɠɦɮ ɝɣɥɣɨɮɭɛ ɨʀɹ ³ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬʀɝ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɭɮ ɟɩ ɥɧ ɢɛɜɛɫɝɦɹɝɛɦɛ ɮ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɣɤ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɢɠɧɦɠ ɥɩɦʀɫ ɨʀɲɨʀ ɢɩɫʀ ɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɝɪɫɩɭɫɮɬʀɝ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ɉɛɤɪɩɭɮɡɨʀɳʀ ɟɩɝɡ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɣ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣɲɨʀɬɭɹ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɫɩ Ʌɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨɣ ɥʀɝ ɂɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺ ɋʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɭɺ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ Ɍɥɦɛɟɹɭɷ ɱɮɨɛɧʀ ɢ ɪʀɟɤɩɧɩɧ ɰɝɣɦʀ ɨɛ ɜɮɟɩɝɛ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɾ ɝɣɨɺɭɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɟɩ ² ɧ ɥɩɝɮ ɫɩɢɧɛʁɭʀɬɭɷ ɨɛ ʁʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ Ȳɢ ɝɣɰɩɟɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɧɛɞɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ʀ ɧɠɭɛɧɩɫɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɮ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɰ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭɮ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ʀ ɝ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɨɛɤɜɛɞɛɭɳʀ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɫɮɟ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɧɠɭɛɦʀɝ ɂɨɛɲɨʀ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɣ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɣɰ ɫɮɟ ɾ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ Ȳɨɟɩɬɭɛɨ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ Ʌɣɭɛɹ ɮ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝʀʁ ɧɛɦ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ Ɏ ɪɩɫɩɟɛɰ ɟɩɥɠɧɜɫʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭɮ ɾ ɢɩɦɩɭɩ ɟɩɫɩɞɩɱʀɨɨɠ ɥɛɧʀɨɨɺ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ Ȳɨɟɩɬɭɛɨ ʀ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ ɓɫʀ Ɇɛɨɥɛ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ Ȳɨɟɩɬɭɛɨ ɭɛ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɾ ɢɛɪɛɬɣ ɮɫɛɨɩɝɣɰ ɫɮɟ Ɏɢɟɩɝɡ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɺɞɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɺɬ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɪɩɫɮɟ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɰ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴɛɧɣ ɩɦɩɝɛ ʀ ɝɩɦɷɯɫɛɧɮ Ɇɚɥ Ɂɚɥɿɡɨɪɭɞɧɢɣ ɤɚɪ¶ɽɪ ɭ ɒɜɟɰɿʀ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ Ɏ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɛɰ ɢɛɪɩɝɨɠɨɣɰ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɧɣ ɭɩɝɴɛɧɣ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɤɜɛɞɛɭɳʀ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɣ ɝɮɞʀɦɦɺ ɨɛɯɭɣ ɞɛɢɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɬɩɦɠɤ Ƚʀɟɩɧʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɩɞɩ ɝɮɞʀɦɦɺ ɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀɤ ɫʀɝɨɣɨʀ Ɋɠɲɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ȿɩɨɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɣ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɍʀɦɠɢɷɥɣɤ ɜɛɬɠɤɨ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɮ Ʌɮɢɨɠɱɷɥʀɤ ɮɦɩɞɩɝɣɨʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀɤ Ʌɣɭɛɤɬɷɥʀɤ ɫʀɝɨɣɨʀ ɮ ɢɛɪɛɟɣɨɛɰ ɇɩɨɞɩɦʀʁ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ Ȳɨɟɩɬɭɛɨ Ɏ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɪɫɩɞɣɨɛɰ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɬɥɩɨɱɠɨɭɫɩɝɛɨɩ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɢɛɪɛɬɣ ɨɛɯɭɣ ʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɞɛɢɮ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɝɣɺɝɦɠɨɩ ɨɛ Ȼɫɛɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ ɭɛ ɨɛ ɇɠɬɩɪɩɭɛɧɆɚɥ ɇɚɮɬɨɜɚ ɬɷɥʀɤ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨʀ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɬɣɜʀɫɬɷɥʀɤ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨʀ ɭɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɜɟɪɞɥɨɜɢɧɚ ɧɚ Ⱥɪɚɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɩɿɜɨɫɬɪɨɜɿ ɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀɤ ɫʀɝɨɣɨʀ ɧɛɦ Ƚɣɺɝɦɠɨɩ ɨɛɯɭɮ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɛ ɳɠɦɷɯʀ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɧɩɫʀɝ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ Ƚ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɫɩɟɛɰ ɪɦɛɭɯɩɫɧ ɭɛ ɥɫɛɤɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɩɞɣɨʀɝ ɾ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɣ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɣɰ ɫɮɟ ɜɩɥɬɣɭʀɝ ɥɮɰɩɨɨɩʁ ʀ ɥɛɦʀɤɨɩʁ ɬɩɦɠɤ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɝɿɪ Ⱥɥɶɩɿɣɫɶɤɨ Ƚɿɦɚɥɚɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɭ" 2. əɤɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ Ɍɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɫɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɹɫɿ" 3. əɤ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɚɸɬɶ ɭ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɝɨɪɢ ɞɚɜɧɿɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɫɬɨɫɬɟɣ" 4. əɤɿ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɿ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. Ⱦɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɿɞɤɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɣɜɢɳɢɯ ɜɟɪɲɢɧ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ 2. Ɂɧɚɣɞɢ ɨɩɢɫɢ ɝɿɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɤɪɚʀɧ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ
Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɚ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ" əɤ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɬɚ ɪɟɥɶɽɮ" ɑɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɫɿɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ"
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɒɣɨɨɣɥɣ ɴɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɣɧɛɦɣɧɣ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɪɫɩɭɺɡɨʀɬɭɹ ɢ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ɝʀɟ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɟɩ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ʀɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɜɮɟɩɝɩɹ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ³ ɨɛɺɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɣɬɭɠɧ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɤ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺɧ ɫʀɝɨɣɨ ɮ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɇɩɞɮɭɨʀ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɛɬɧɛ ɰɫɠɜɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɤ ɮɢɟɩɝɡ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɭɫɮɟɨɩɴʀ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɩɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ɢ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɤ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɮɞɦɣɜ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɤ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɺ ©ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɛª ɟɦɺ ɝɪɦɣɝɮ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɥɣ ʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ȼɮɟɩɝɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺɧ ʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɢɮɧɩɝɣɦɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɠɨɛɰ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɪɩɦɹɬɮ ɰɩɦɩɟɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɝ ɉɤɧɺɥɩɨʀ Ɉɛ Ȼɫɛɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɩɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɬɪɠɥɩɭɨʀɳɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨʀɝ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɾ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɟɠ ɢɛ ɫʀɥ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ ɧɠɨɳ ɨʀɡ ɅɆȲɇȻɍɃɒɈȲ ɊɉɚɌɃ ɜɧɿɱɧɢɣ Ʌɶɨɞɨɜɢɬɢɣ ɨɤɟɚɧ ɉɿ ɍȻ ɉȼɆȻɌɍȲ ȰȽɋȻɂȲȳ ɧɧ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɨɛ Ȼɫɛɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩ7 6 Ƚ Ƚ ɝʀ ɮ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ Ȼɢʀʁ ɭɛ ɨɛɤɝɩɦɩɞʀɳɠ ɉɚɪɢɠ Ʉɢʀɜ ȼ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ³ ɧɧ ɬɠɦɣɴɠ ɒɠɫɛ Ⱦ Ȼ ȼ ɪɮɨɟɡʀ ɝ Ȳɨɟʀʁ ȼ Ȼ Ƚ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ȼ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ʀ ɭɣɪɣ ɫɭɛɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ Ⱦɟɥɿ Ȼ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɫɭɛɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ 2 ɫɭɛɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɭɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɪʀɝ1 ɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɝɠɆɚɥ Ʉɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɨɹɫɢ ɿ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ ɦɣɥʀɤ ɪɫɩɭɺɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɢ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɭ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ Ⱥ ± ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɺ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ Ȼ ± ɜɨɥɨɝɨɝɨ Ⱥ ± ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɝʀɟ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩ Ȼ ± ɫɟɪɟɞɡɟɦɧɨɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɞɩ ɟɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɪɦɩɴʀ ȼ ± ɦɭɫɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɬɛɧɠ ɝ Ⱥ ± ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ȼ ± ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧ ɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ȼ ± ɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ Ƚ ± ɦɭɫɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɣɭɺɞɨɮɭɣɤ ʀɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? Ȳɬɨɮɾ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɝɠɫɬʀɤ ɭɩɞɩ ɟɠ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨʀɤ Ɋɩ ɦɹɬ ɰɩɦɩɟɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ Ɏ Ƚɠɫɰɩɺɨɬɷɥɮ ɝ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɾ ɟɠ ɬɺɭɣɦʀɭɭɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɯʀɥɬɩɝɛɨɩ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɮ ² & Ƚ ɉɤɧɺ ɥɩɨʀ ɴɠ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɾɹ ɉɜɫɮɲɠɝɛ ɝ ɫ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɯʀɥɬɩɝɛɨɩ ɭɠɧɪɠ ɫɛɭɮɫɮ ² &
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Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ
ɋ Ʌ Ȼ Ʉ Ɍ ɑ Ʌ ɋ ȼ ɀ Ʌ Ƚ Ɇɿɫɹɰɿ
Ɇɚɥ Ʉɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɞɿɚɝɪɚɦɚ Ʌɨɧɞɨɧɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ ɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɭ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɟɪɲɢɣ ɫɧɿɝ ɿɧɤɨɥɢ ɜɢɩɚɞɚɽ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ Ʉɚɪɩɚɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɠɨɜɬɧɹ ɤɨɥɢ ɥɢɫɬɹ ɞɟɪɟɜ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɠɨɜɬɿɽ
Ƚ ɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ʀ ɬɮɜɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɧ·ɺɥɳɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɢ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɛɧɪɦʀɭɮɟɛɧɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɢɛ ɫɛɰɮɨɩɥ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɭɠɪɦɩʁ ɢɣɧɣ ʀ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɛ Ɉɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɮɡɠ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɹ ɟɩ ² ² Ɍ ɢɣɧɩɹ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ³ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɝʀɨ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɾ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɪʀɟ ɮɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ɢ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɍɩɧɮ ɦʀɭɩ ɭɮɭ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɨɠ ɢɣɧɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɮ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɧɛɦ ɉɪɛɟɣ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɫʀɥ Ɋɫɣ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨʀ ɱɣɥɦɩɨʀɝ ɪɩɞɩɟɛ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɢɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɮɦʀɭɥɮ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɜɮɭɣ ɪɩɰɩɦɩɟɛɨɨɺ ɮɢɣɧɥɮ ɲɛɬɭʀ ɝʀɟɦɣɞɣ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɬɰʀɟɨʀɳɠ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɛ ɝɬʀɤ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɨɠɬɭʀɤɥʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɞɩɟɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɛ ɢɣɧɛ ɧɛɦ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɢ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ɝʀɟ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɫʀɢɨɣɱɺ ɦʀɭɨʀɰ ʀ ɢɣɧɩɝɣɰ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫ ɢɣɧɛ ɬɭɛɾ ɪɩɧʀɭɨɩ ɰɩɦɩɟɨʀɳɩɹ Ƚɦʀɭɥɮ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɨʀɡ ɮɢɣɧɥɮ ɑɠ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɝʀɟ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɍɛɥɣɤ ɭɣɪ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɧ ɂɛ Ɏɫɛɦɩɧ ɮ Ɍɣɜʀɫɮ ʀ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ Ȼɢʀʁ ɢɣɧɛ ɟɮɡɠ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɛ ɬɮɰɛ ɦʀɭɩ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɠ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩ ɝɩɦɩɞɠ ɑɠ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ Ƚɩɨɛ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨɛ ɝʀɟ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɞɩɫɛɧɣ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɠɨɛ ɝʀɟ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɭɮɭ ɟɩɧʀ-
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ Â
Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɡɿɣɫɶɤɢɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɿ ɡɢɦɨɜɿ ɦɭɫɨɧɢ ɋ
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Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ
ɨɮɾ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ³ Ȼɢʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɧɛɥɬɣɧɮɧ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɧɮɬɩɨɨɣɤ ʀɢ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɭɠɪɦɣɧ ʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɧ ɦʀɭɩɧ ʀ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɹ ɬɮɰɩɹ ɢɣɧɩɹ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɭɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ Ɏ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɫʀɥ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɟɩɟɛɭɨʀ ɍɮɭ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷ ɭɫɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ³ ɬɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɟɠ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ ɪɛɨɮɾ ɬɮɰɠ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɩ ɨɠɜɩ ɜɠɢɰɧɛɫɨɠ ɛ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ³ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɺɥɠ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɾ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ Ɏ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ Ɋɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɛɢʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ʁɝ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɢ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɹ ɧʀɬɱɺɧɣ ɢ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɝʀɟ Ɍ ɢɣɧɩɹ ʀ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɣɧ ɟɮɡɠ ɬɮɰɣɧ ɦʀɭɩɧ ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɮ ɢɣɧɩɝɩ ɝɠɬɨɺɨɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ Ɉɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɬɮɜɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ³ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɧɮɬɩɨɨɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɢ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɣɧ ɟɦɺ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɫɠɡɣɧɩɧ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɦʀɭɨʀɤ ɧɛɥɬɣɧɮɧ ɧɛɦ ɍɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɨɛ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦʀ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɪɛɨɮɾ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛ Ȼɫɛɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ ɮ ɇɠɬɩɪɩɭɛɧʀʁ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ Ȳɫɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ ɤ ɮ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀ ɨɣɡɨɷɩɞɩ Ȳɨɟɮ ɍɛɧ ɟʀɹɭɷ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨʀ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨʀ ɧɛɬɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɬɮɰʀ ɤ ɡɛɫɥʀ Ɇʀɭɩ ɟɮɡɠ ɬɪɠɥɩɭɨɠ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɦɣɪɨɺ Ɍ ɢɣɧɛ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɬʀɲɨɺ ³ Ɍ Ʌʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɾ ɧɧ ɛ ɧʀɬɱɺɧɣ ³ ɧɠɨɳ ɨʀɡ ɧɧ ɢɛ ɫʀɥ ɧɛɦ
ɋ Ʌ Ȼ Ʉ Ɍ ɑ Ʌ ɋ ȼ ɀ Ʌ Ƚ Ɇɿɫɹɰɿ
Ɇɚɥ Ʉɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɞɿɚɝɪɚɦɚ ɉɟɤɿɧɚ ɳɨ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɭ ɩɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ ɫɭɛɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɫɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ
Ɇɚɥ ɋɟɪɟɞ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɡɚ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɨɦ ɫɫɚɜɰɿɜ ɜɟɪɛɥɸɞɢ ɽ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɩɪɢɫɬɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɦɢ ɞɨ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɭɲɥɢɜɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɿ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ Ɉɛ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ² ɪɨ ɳ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ɝʀɟ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ȳɨɟ ɭɫɩɪʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɺɬ ɝɣɥɦɣɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɢɛɧʀɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɮɜɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɧ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɩɧ Ƚʀɨ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɾ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ Ȳɨɟɩ Ⱦɛɨɞɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɣ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ Ȳɨɟɩɬɭɛɨ ɭɛ Ȳɨɟɩɥɣɭɛɤ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ Ʌɣɭɛɹ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ ɭɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɠ ɝʀɟ ɪɨ ɳ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ Ƚʀɨ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɧɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɝɩɦɩɞʀɬɭɹ ɭɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɧɛɦ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɿɫɥɹɨɛɿɞɧɹ ɡɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɟɤɜɚɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɹɫɿ ɭɫɤɥɚɞɧɸɽ ɪɭɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɉɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɹɤɢɯ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɜɫɹ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ" 2. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɜ ɩɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ" 3. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɭ ɜ ɩɿɜɞɟɧɧɿɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
1. ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɣ ɹɤ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɤɚɪɬɿ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɥɿɬɧɹ ɿɡɨɬɟɪɦɚ ɋ 2. ɇɚɡɜɢ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɡ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɨɸ ɪɿɱɧɨɸ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɸ ɨɩɚɞɿɜ 3. ɋɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɋɚɯɚɥɿɧ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ
ɋʀɲɥɣ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ ɓɨ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɨɦ ɪɿɱɤɢ" əɤɿ ɬɢɩɢ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɽ ɪɿɱɤɚ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɿɱɤɢ ɬɚ ɜɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɜɿɧ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ"
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɰ ʀ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɝɩɟ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɬɩɭɠɨɷ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɺ ɾ ɟɮɡɠ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɹ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɜɩɦɩɭɛ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ ɭɛ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ Ɉɛ ɡɩɟɨɩɧɮ ʀɨɳɩɧɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɭɛɥɩʁ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ Ƚɩɨɣ ɨɠɬɮɭɷ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɟɣ ɝ ɮɬʀ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɩɥɠɛɨɣ ɴɩ ɩɧɣɝɛɹɭɷ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɹ Ƚɠɦɣɲɠɢɨʀ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨʀ ɫʀɥɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɟɮɡɠ ɫɩɢɞɛɦɮɡɠɨɮ ɧɠɫɠɡɮ ɪɫɣɭɩɥ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɬɩɜʀ ɫʀɝɨɣɰ ʀ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀɝ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɥɮ ɧɛɦ ɑɠ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɧɛɦɩɝɩɟɨʀɬɭɹ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɛɺɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɢɨɣɡɠɨɷ ɋʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɭɺ ɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɫʀɲɩɥ Ɇɚɥ ɇɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɚ ɪɿɱɤɚ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ ² ɋʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ Ȱɝȼɨɥɝɚ ɧɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɜɩɚɞɚɽ ɜ ɨɡɟɪɨ ɫɛɢʀʁ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɩ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɹɤɟ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ Ʉɚɫɩɿɣɫɶɤɢɦ ɦɨɪɟɦ ɭɺɰ ɝɩɟ ɬɮɳʀ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɍɛɧ ɾ ɝɬʀ ɭɣɪɣ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɢɛ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɧɣ ɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɫɠɡɣɧɩɧ ɬɭɩɥɮ Ɏ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɡɣɝɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɴɩɝɣɧɣ ʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɩɝɣɧɣ ɭɛɦɣɧɣ ɬɨʀɞɩɝɣɧɣ ʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɢɜɣɫɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɟɮ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɰ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀɝ
ɋʀɲɥɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀɝ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɫʀɲɩɥ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɥɣ Ƚ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɝɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ʀ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɤ ɮ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ Ƚɩɨɣ ɭɠɲɮɭɷ ɮ ɝɮɢɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɣɰ ɟɩɦɣɨɛɰ ɺɥʀ ɮɬɥɦɛɟɨɠɨʀ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɫɩɞɛɧɣ ʀ ɝɩɟɩɬɪɛɟɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ Ɍɭɫʀɧɥʀ ɪɩɭɩɥɣ ɝɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɧɛɬɮ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ ɪʀɬɩɥ ɞɛɦɷɥɮ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɣ ɝɣɰɩɟʀ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɟɠ ɭɠɲʀɺ ɫʀɢɥɩ ɬɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɛ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨɣɧɣ ɋɠɡɣɧ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɧɛɾ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɝ ɩɜɆɚɥ ȼɨɞɨɫɩɚɞ ɭ Ʉɚɪɩɚɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɿɣ ɦɛɬɭʀ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɨɠ ɢɛɧɠɫɡ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɪɿɱɨɤ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɭ Ɍɢɫɢ ɢɛɹɭɷ Ƚɩɨɣ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨʀ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɥɩɦɣ ɢɧɠɨɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɣɪɛɫɩɝɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ɍɠɨɛ ɭɛ ʀɨ Ɉɛ ɬɰʀɟ ɭɛɧ ɟɠ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɬɨʀɞɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ʀ ɫʀɥɣ ɢɛɧɠɫɢɛɹɭɷ ɰɩɲ ʀ ɨɠɨɛɟɩɝɞɩ ɪɩɝɠɨʀ ɨɛɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɝɠɬɨɩɹ ȿɩɨ ȿɨʀɪɫɩ Ƚʀɬɦɛ ɉɟɫɛ ɀɦɷɜɛ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ȿɮɨɛɤ ³ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɝ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ Ɇɚɥ ȿɥɶɛɚ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɜɟɫɧɹɧɨʀ ɩɨɜɟɧɿ ɟɫɮɞɛ ɢɛ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨɩɹ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ƚɩɨɛ ɭɠɲɠ ʀɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɢ ɞʀɫ ɓɝɛɫɱɝɛɦɷɟ ɧɛɦ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ɮ ɒɩɫɨɠ ɧɩɫɠ ɟɠ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɾ ɟɠɦɷɭɮ ɢ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɧɛ ɫɮɥɛɝɛɧɣ ©ɞɣɫ ɦɛɧɣª Ɏ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ ȿɮɨɛɤ ɢɜɣɫɛɾ ɝɩɟɮ ɢ Ȼɦɷɪ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨɣɤ ʀ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ ʀ ɨɣɡɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɾ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɣ ɟɠ ɧɛɾ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɮ ɝɠɬɨɺɨɮ ɪɩɝʀɨɷ ɺɥɛ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɛ ɢ ɭɛɨɠɨɨɺɧ ɬɨʀɞɮ Ɋɫɩɫɣɝɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɪɩɧʀɡ Ʌɛɫɪɛɭɛɧɣ ʀ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩ ɬɠɫɜɬɷɥɣɆɚɥ ȼɢɬɿɤ Ⱦɭɧɚɸ ɭ ɒɜɚɪɰɜɚɥɶɞɿ ɧɣ ɞɩɫɛɧɣ ȿɮɨɛɤ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɾ ɝɮɢɷɥɮ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɮ ɬɥɠɦɺɬɭɮ ɮɴɠɦɣɨɮ ³ ɂɛɦʀɢɨʀ Ƚɩɫɩɭɛ ɟɠ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɞʀɟɫɩɝɮɢɩɦ ɋɠɤɨ Ɏ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ Ȼɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɜɠɫɠ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ³ ɋɠɤɨ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɝʀɨ ɧɛɾ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɠ ɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨɣɤ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ ɥɩɦɣ ɭɛɨɠ ɦʀɟ ʀ ɬɨʀɞ ɮ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɍɠɲɠ ɝʀɨ ɮ ɝɠɫɰʀɝ·ɺɰ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɧɛɬɣɝɛɧɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɲɣ ɜɠɢɦʀɲ Ɇɚɥ Ⱦɭɧɚɣ ɭ Ⱦɠɟɪɞɚɩɫɶɤɿɣ ɭɳɟɥɢɧɿ ɪɩɫɩɞʀɝ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ ʀ ɨɣɡɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ ³ ɱɠ
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨɛ ɫʀɥɛ ɴɩ ɡɣɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɟɩɴɩɝɣɧɣ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ ɂɛɧɠɫɢɛɾ ɋɠɤɨ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɣɤ ɲɛɬ ʀ ɨɠ ɴɩɫɩɥɮ Ɏ ɪɩɨɣɢɢɺɰ ɨɛ ɨɣɢɣɨɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɝʀɨ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɛɾ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɧɛɬɮ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ ʀ ɭɠɲɠ ɨɛɲɠɜɭɩ ɪɩ ɨɛɬɣɪɮ ɴɩ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɣɤ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɧɣ ɨɛɨɩɬɛɧɣ Ɋɫɣ ɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɩɧɮ ɪʀɟɤɩɧʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɋɠɤɨ ɢɛɦɣɝɛɾ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ- Ɇɚɥ Ɍɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɸ ɞɨɥɢɧɢ ɪɿɱɤɢ Ɋɟɣɧ ɫɣ ȿɦɺ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɝɠɨɠɤ ɪɩɜɮ- ɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɣ ɬɟɱɿʀ ɿɡ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɸ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɸ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɢɯ ɡɚɦɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɦɚɥɶɨɜɧɢɱɢɦɢ ɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɳɭɮɲɨɣɰ ɝɛɦʀɝ ɭɛ ɟɛɧɜ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɦɢ ɡɚɧɟɫɟɧɨ ɞɨ ɋɩɢɫɤɭ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɫʀɲɩɥ ȼɫɟɫɜɿɬɧɶɨʀ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɢ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ ɋɠɤɨ ʀ ȿɮɨɛɤ ɧɛɦ ³ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɭɫɛɨɬɪɩɫɭɨʀ ɧɛɞʀɬɭɫɛɦʀ ɴɩ ɢɝ·ɺɢɮɹɭɷ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɹɭɷ ɝɣɰʀɟ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɟɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɋʀɲɥɣ ɴɩ ɝɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɠ ɧɩɫɠ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨʀ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ʀ ɧʀɦʀɹɭɷ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɛɬɭɛɾ ɬɮɰɠ ɦʀɭɩ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ³ ɥɩɫɩɭɥʀ ɪɩɫɩɡɣɬɭʀ ɭɠɲɮɭɷ ɪɩ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɰ ɪɩɫɩɟɛɰ ɢɝ·ɺɢɮɹɲɣ ɧʀɡ Ɇɚɥ Ɋɿɱɤɚ Ⱦɭɧɚɣ ² ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɚ ɦɚɝɿɫɬɪɚɥɶ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɨʀ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨʀ ɩɢɠɫɛ Ƚɩɨɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɢɛɪɛɬɣ ɞʀɟɫɩɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɧɛɦ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɞʀɟɫɩɠɦɠɥɭɫɩɬɭɛɨɱʀɤ ɾ ɮ ɝɠɫɰʀɝ·ɺɰ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɴɩ ɜɠɫɮɭɷ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɮ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɋʀɲɥɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ɏ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɝɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɭɛɥʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɺɥ ɉɜ Ȱɨʀɬɠɤ Ɇɠɨɛ Ɋɠɲɩɫɛ ɭɛ ɜɠɢɦʀɲ ɧɠɨɳɣɰ Ɏɬʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɡɣɝɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɭɛɦɣɧɣ ɬɨʀɞɩɝɣɧɣ Ɇɚɥ Ɉɞɧɚ ɿɡ ɪɿɱɨɤ ɧɚ ɋɤɚɧɞɢɧɚɜɝɩɟɛɧɣ ʀ ɲɛɬɭɥɩɝɩ ɢɛ ɫɛɰɮɨɩɥ ɦʀɭɨʀɰ ɟɩɴʀɝ ɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɩɿɜɨɫɬɪɨɜɿ ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɠɟɧɚ ɝɪɟɛɥɟɸ Ƚȿɋ Ɏɢɣɧɥɮ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɢɛɧɠɫɢɛɹɭɷ ȳɰɨɾ ɬɥɫɠɬɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɨɛɬɭɛɨɨɺɧ ɭɠɪɦɩɞɩ ɬɠɢɩɨɮ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɝɠɫɰʀɝ·ʁɝ ɥɮɟɣ ɝɠɬɨɛ ɪɫɣɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɢɛ ɭɠɲʀɾɹ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɾ ɴɠ ɪʀɟ ɥɫɣɡɛɨɣɧ ɪɛɨɱɣɫɠɧ ɭɩ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɭɩɫɣ ʀ ɨɛɦɠɟʀ ɪʀɟɤɩɧ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɝɩɟɣ ɢɛɭɩɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɪɦɩɴ Ɉɛɤɪɩɝɨɩɝɩɟɨʀɳɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ³ Ȱɨʀɬɠɤ ɛ ɨɛɤɟɩɝɳɛ ³ ɉɜ ɧɛɦ ɢ Ȳɫɭɣɳɠɧ ɥɧ Ɇɚɥ Ɋɿɱɤɚ Ɉɛ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
ɋʀɲɥɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀɝ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɭɛ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨʀɝ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɥɮ ɋʀɲɥɣ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɋʀɲɥɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɂɨɛɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɺɥ ɚɨɱɢɣ ɐɮɛɨɰɠ ɇɠɥɩɨɞ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɮ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɍɣɜɠɭɮ Ɏ ɝɠɫɰʀɝ·ɺɰ ɱʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɢʀ ɬɭɫʀɧɥɩɹ ɭɠɲʀɾɹ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɩ ɝɫʀɢɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɭɩɝɴʀ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɧɛɦ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɣ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɧɮɦɮ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɛɰ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ ɉɟɨɛ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɐɮɛɨɰɠ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɾ Ɇɠɬɩɝɠ ɪɦɛɭɩ ɧɛɦ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɦɠɬ ³ ɩɬɛɟɩɝɛ ɬɮɞɦɣɨɣɬɭɛ ɪɩɫɩɟɛ ɡɩɝɭɩɞɩ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɮ ɴɩ ɦɠɞɥɩ ɫɩɢɧɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɩ ɝɩɟɛ ɮ ɫʀɲɱʀ ɥɛɦɛɧɮɭɨɛ ɤ ɡɩɝɭɛ ɐɮɛɨɰɠ ³ ©ɡɩɝɭɛ ɫʀɥɛª ɮ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟʀ ɢ ɥɣɭɛɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ ɍɛɥ ɬɛɧɩ ɺɥ ʀ ɋɠɤɨ ɮ ɪɩɨɣɢɢɺɰ ɝɩɨɛ ɭɠɲɠ ɪɩ ©ɨɛɬɣɪɮª ɝɦɛɬɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟʀɝ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɦʀɭɨʀɰ ɧɮɬɩɨɨɣɰ ɟɩɴʀɝ Ɇɚɥ ȼɟɪɯɿɜ¶ɹ əɧɰɡɢ ² ɧɚɣɞɨɜɲɨʀ ɝɩɟɛ ɝ ɐɮɛɨɰɠ ɝɣɬɩɥɩ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɪɿɱɤɢ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɫɩɢɦɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɢɧʀɨɹɾ ɬɝɩɾ ɫɮɬɦɩ ȿɛɧɜɣ ɴɩ ɭɺɞɨɮɭɷɬɺ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɫɮɬɦɛ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɬɣɦɷɨɣɰ ɪʀɟɤɩɧʀɝ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɝɩɟɣ ɪɫɩɫɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɝɩɟɛ ɫɮɤɨɮɾ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɧɣɝɛɾ ʊɫɮɨɭ ʀɢ ɪɩɦʀɝ ɢɨɣɴɮɾ ɟɩɫɩɞɣ ɪɩɢɜɛɝɦɺɾ ɧʀɦɷɤɩɨɣ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɟɛɰɮ ʀ ʁɡʀ ɇʀɬɱɠ ɝɪɛɟʀɨɨɺ ɫʀɥɣ ɮ Ɂɩɝɭɠ ɧɩɫɠ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɬɭɣɦɩɬɺ ɢɛ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɮ ɱɣɰ ɥɫɛɺɰ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɨɛ ɬɩɭɨʀ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɚɨɱɢɣ ɟɩɝɆɚɥ ɏɭɚɧɯɟ ² ©ɠɨɜɬɚ ɪɿɱɤɚª ɡɣɨɛ ³ ɥɧ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ʀ ɝɪɛɟɛɾ ɝ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɥɣɭɛɤɬɷɥɠ ɧɩɫɠ ɧɛɦ Ƚɩɨɛ ɧɛɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɫɣɬ ɢ ɐɮɛɨɰɠ ɢɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɩɧ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɫɠɡɣɧɩɧ Ɏ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɱɠ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɛ ɝɣɤɳɩɝɳɣ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɮ ɭɠɲɠ ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɫɮɥɛɝɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɾ ɩɢɠɫɩɪɩɟʀɜɨʀ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɚɥ ʀ ɐɮɛɨɰɠ ɚɨɱɢɣ ɧɛɾ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɹɲɮ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɮ ɟɠɦɷɭɮ Ʌɫʀɧ ɧɮɬɩɨɨɣɰ ɦʀɭɨʀɰ Ɇɚɥ əɧɰɡɢ ɭ ɧɢɠɧɿɣ ɬɟɱɿʀ ɟɩɴʀɝ ɝɩɨɛ ɡɣɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɭɛɦɣɧɣ ɬɨʀɞɩɝɣɧɣ ʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ ɮ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ Ɉɛ
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɐɮɛɨɰɠ ɬɭʀɥ ɚɨɱɢɣ ɝ ɪɩɨɣɢɢɺɰ ɢɛɫɠɞɮɦɷɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɩɢɠɫɛɧɣ ɋʀɝɠɨɷ ɝɩɟɣ ɝ ɨɣɡɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɢɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ʀ ɝʀɟ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɫɣɪɦɣɝʀɝ ɴɩ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɫɩɦʀ ɢɛɞɛɭ ɐɮɛɨɰɠ ɚɨɱɢɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɹɭɷ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɡɣɭɭʀ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ƚɩɨɣ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɟɮ ɟɦɺ ɢɫɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɫɩɟɹɲɣɤ ɨɛɧɮɦ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɦɺ ɬɮɟɨɩɪɦɛɝɬɭɝɛ Ɋɩ ɚɨɱɢɣ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɬɮɟɨɛ Ɏ ɪɠɫɠɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɟɛɾ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝɮ ɪɦɩɴɮ ɟɦɺ ɡɣɭɦɛ ɦɹɟɣ ɬɠɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɦɩɭɛɰ ʀ ɬɮɟɨɛɰ ȿɠɴɩ ʀɨɳɣɤ ɫɠɡɣɧ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɭʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɩɭʀɥɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ Ȼɧɮɫ Ɏɢɣɧɥɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛɧɠɫɢɛɹɭɷ Ɉɛ ɫʀɲɥɛɰ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ Ȼɧɮɫɮ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɦʀɭɨʀ ɪɩɝɠɨʀ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɢ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɨɨɺɧ ɧɮɬɩɨɨɣɰ ɟɩɴʀɝ ɧɛɦ ɋʀɲɥɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɋʀɲɥɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ȳɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɬɝʀɆɚɥ Ʉɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɿɱɧɚ ɩɨɜɿɧɶ ɧɚ Ⱥɦɭɪɿ ɭɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ Ⱦɛɨɞ ʀɢ ȼɫɛɰɧɛɪɮɭɫɩɹ Ȳɨɟ ɍɣɞɫ ʀ Ȱɝɯɫɛɭ Ⱦɛɨɞ ȼɫɛɰɧɛɪɮɭɫɛ Ȳɨɟ ɜɠɫɮɭɷ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɮ Ⱦʀɧɛɦɛɺɰ ɒɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɪɫɣɭɩɥ Ȳɨɟɮ ɭɛ ȼɫɛɰ ɧɛɪɮɭɫɣ ɬɭʀɥɛɹɭɷ ʀɢ ɍɣɜɠɭɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɞʀɫ·ɺ Ɏ ɝɠɫɰʀɝ·ɺɰ ³ ɱɠ ɭɣɪɩɝʀ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ƚɣɰɩɟɺɲɣ ɨɛ Ȳɨɟɩ Ⱦɛɨɞɬɷɥɮ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɨɛɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɮ Ɉɛ ɬɰɣɦɛɰ Ⱦʀɧɛɦɛʁɝ ɮɦʀɭɥɮ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɟɮɡɠ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɥɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɭɛɨɮɭɷ ɬɨʀɞɣ Ɇɚɥ Ⱦɠɟɪɟɥɨ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɱɤɢ ʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ ɧɛɦ ɋʀɝɠɨɷ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɮ ɱɠɤ ȱɧɞ ² ɥɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɢ Ƚɿɦɚɥɚʀɜ ɬɠɢɩɨ ɫʀɢɥɩ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɮɾɭɷɬɺ Ⱦɛɨɞ ʀ ȼɫɛɰɧɛɪɮɭɫɛ ɪɫɣ ɝɪɛɟʀɨɨʀ ɝ ȼɠɨɞɛɦɷɬɷɥɮ ɢɛɭɩɥɮ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɮ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɮ ɟɠɦɷɭɮ ɧɛɦ Ɋɫɣ ɪʀɟɤɩɧɛɰ ɝɩɟɣ ɭɮɭ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɞɫɛɨɟʀɩɢɨʀ ɪɩɝɠɨʀ ɴɩ ɢɛɞɫɩɡɮɹɭɷ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦɦɹ ɞɮɬɭɩɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɣɧ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɧ ɟɠɦɷɭɣ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɦɹɟɣ ɝɬɠ ɭɛɥɣ ɬɠɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ ɨɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɫɩɟɹɲʀ ɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɬɪɫɣɺɹɭɷ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ Ȳɨɟ ɮ ɨɣɡɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɾ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝʀ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɬɭʀ ʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɩɟɣ Ɇɚɥ ɋɩɿɥɶɧɚ ɞɟɥɶɬɚ Ƚɚɧɝɭ ɬɚ ɤɟɠ ɨɛ ɝɣɪɛɫɩɝɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɫɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ȼɪɚɯɦɚɩɭɬɪɢ ȼɢɝɥɹɞ ɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɭ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɨɥɝɚ ɭ ɧɢɠɧɿɣ ɬɟɱɿʀ
G
Ɏ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝʀ ɬɠɢɩɨɣ Ȳɨɟ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɨɠ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɾ Ȼɫɛɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɋʀɲɥɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɥɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɥɮ ³ Ƚɩɦɞɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɧɛɦ Ɏɫɛɦ Ȼɫɛɥɬ ɍɠɫɠɥ ɺɥʀ ɨɠɬɮɭɷ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɟɣ ɝ Ʌɛɬɪʀɤɬɷɥɠ ɧɩɫɠ ɩɢɠɫɩ Ɍɣɫɟɛɫ·ɺ ɭɛ Ȼɧɮɟɛɫ·ɺ ɨɠɬɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɟɣ ɟɩ Ȼɫɛɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɛɦɠ ɝ ɨɛɳ ɲɛɬ ɺɥ ʀ ɂɠɫɛɝɳɛɨ ɒɮ ɇɮɫɞɛɜ ɞɮɜɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɪʀɬɥɛɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. Ⱦɨ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɿɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɪɿɱɤɢ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ" 2. ɇɚɡɜɢ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɱɨɤ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɭ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ 3. ɑɨɦɭ ɬɚ ɧɚ ɹɤɢɯ ɪɿɱɤɚɯ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɬɨɪɢ ɣ ɧɚɥɟɞɿ" 4. ɑɨɦɭ ɪɿɱɤɢ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɭ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ ɪɨɡɥɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɥɿɬɤɭ" 5. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɪɿɱɨɤ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɭ ȱɧɞɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɭ" 6. əɤɿ ɪɿɱɤɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɞɨ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɭ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɨɞɿ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɝɭɫɬɨɬɚ ɪɿɱɨɤ ɛɿɥɶɲɚ ɧɿɠ ɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɿɣ ʀʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ" 2. ɑɨɦɭ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɿɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɭ ɜɫɿɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɜɿɧ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɣ" 3. əɤɿ ɡ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɪɿɱɨɤ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɞɟɥɶɬɢ" 4. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɪɿɱɤɢ ɛɚɫɟɣɧɿɜ ȱɧɞɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɬɚ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɜ ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ʀɯɧɿ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɿɫɬɶ"
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ
ɉɢɠɫɛ ȼɩɦɩɭɛ Ƚʀɲɨɛ ɧɠɫɢɦɩɭɛ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ Ɋʀɟɢɠɧɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɡɟɪɚ" əɤ ɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɡɚ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜɨɞ" ɓɨ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɞɡɟɦɧɢɦɢ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ" əɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ"
ɉɢɠɫɛ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɧɩɫɺ Ɏ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɩɢɠɫ ɫʀɢɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ʀ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɜɠɢɬɭʀɲɨɠ ɩɢɠɫɩ ³ Ʌɛɬɪʀɤɬɷɥɠ ɧɩɫɠ ɧɛɦ Ʉɩɞɩ ɪɦɩɴɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɭɣɬ ɥɝɛɟɫɛɭɨɣɰ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ Ɍɛɧɠ ɢɛ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɮ ɪɦɩɴɮ ɬɩɦɩɨʀɬɭɷ ɝɩɟɣ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɣ ɝɩɟɩɤɧɣɴɛ ɤɩɞɩ ʀ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ ɧɩɫɠɧ Ɉɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɱɠ ɢɛɦɣɳɩɥ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ ɴɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɮ Ɇɚɥ ɍɡɛɟɪɟɠɠɹ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɨɡɟɪɚ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ² Ʉɚɫɩɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɝ ɢɝ·ɺɢɩɥ ɢ ɩɥɠɛɨɩɧ ʀ ɬɭɛɝ ɝɠɦɠɭɠɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɩɢɠɫɩɧ ɇɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɛ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛ Ʌɛɬɪʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɧ ɒɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɝʀɟ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɧɩɫɺ ² ɧ ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɝɩɟɣ ɮ Ʌɛɬɪʀɤ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ƚɩɦɞɛ ɭɛ Ɏɫɛɦ ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɥɛɢɮɹɭɷ ɴɩ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɧɩɫɺ ɢɛ ɲɛɬ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɞɛɰ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɛ ɢɨɣɢɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɧ Ɉɛ ɩɢɠɫʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɠ ɫɣɜɛɦɷɆɚɥ Ɂɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɨɳɿ Ⱥɪɚɥɭ ɬɭɝɩ ɝɣɟɩɜɮɭɩɥ ɨɛɯɭɣ ɬɮɟɨɩɪɦɛɝɬɭɝɩ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɢɝɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛɜɫɮɟɨɠɨɨɺ ɉɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɩɢɠɫ ɴɩ ɜɮɥɝɛɦɷɨɩ ɨɛ ɩɲɛɰ ɢɨɣɥɛɹɭɷ ʀɢ ɦɣɱɺ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɾ Ȼɫɛɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɧɩɫɠ Ʉɩɞɩ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛ ɴɠ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɜɮɦɛ ɧ ɛ ɨɣɨʀ ɢɧɠɨɳɣɦɛɬɺ ɝɟɝʀɲʀ ȼɠɫɠɞɩɝɛ ɦʀɨʀɺ ɝʀɟʀɤɳɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɨɛ ɥɧ Ƚɦɛɬɨɠ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɠ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɧɛɦ Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɛ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɦɣɰɛ ɪɩɦɺɞɛɾ ɮ ɢɧɠɨɳɠɨɨʀ ɪɫɣɭɩɥɮ ɟɩ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɝɩɟ ɫʀɲɩɥ Ȼɧɮɟɛɫ·ʁ ɭɛ Ɍɣɫɟɛɫ·ʁ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɡɣɝɣɭɣ Ȼɫɛɦ ɺɥ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɜɩ ʁɰɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɪɩ ɥɛɨɛɦɛɰ ɢɛɜɫɛɨɩ ɨɛ ɢɫɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɦʀɝ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
Ɇɚɥ ɇɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɯ Ȼɚɣɤɚɥɭ
Ɇɚɥ Ʌɚɞɨɡɶɤɟ ɨɡɟɪɨ
Ɇɚɥ ɀɟɧɟɜɫɶɤɟ ɨɡɟɪɨ
Ɇɚɥ ɋɨɥɹɧɿ ɛɟɪɟɝɢ Ɇɟɪɬɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ
ɉɢɠɫɛ ɭɠɥɭɩɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ɏ ɫɩɢɦɩɧʀ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨɠ ɨɛɤɞɦɣɜɳɠ ɧ ɪɫʀɬɨɩɝɩɟɨɠ ɩɢɠɫɩ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ³ ȼɛɤɥɛɦ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷɬɺ ɪ·ɺɭɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɢɛɪɛɬʀɝ ɪɫʀɬɨɩʁ ɝɩɟɣ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ƚ ȼɛɤɥɛɦ ɝɪɛɟɛɾ ɫʀɲɩɥ ʀ ɝɣɭʀɥɛɾ ɦɣɳɠ ɩɟɨɛ ³ Ȼɨɞɛɫɛ Ƚɩɟɛ ɝ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɱʀɦɹɴɛ ɟɮɡɠ ɲɣɬɭɛ Ɏ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɰɝɣɦɷ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɭɩɝɴɮ ɝɩɟɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɟɨɩ ɨɛ ɞɦɣɜɣɨʀ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɧ Ɏ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɩɪɮɴɠɨɩʁ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɩɫɣ ɞɫɛɜɠɨɛ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ʀ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɩɢɠɫɩ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ³ Ɇɛɟɩɢɷɥɠ ɧɛɦ Ƚɩɨɩ ɡɣɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɢɛ ɫɛɰɮɨɩɥ ɪɫɣɭɩɥɮ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɉɢɠɫɩ ɬɮɟɨɩɪɦɛɝɨɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɛ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɧ ɛ ɪɠɫɠɬʀɲɨɛ ³ ɧ ɇɛɦɷɩɝɨɣɲɩɬɭʀ ɟɩɟɛɹɭɷ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɛɦʀɲɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɨɛɟ Ɏ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɾ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɧɠɨɳɣɰ ɩɢɠɫ Ȳɨɳʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɩɢɠɫɛ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ Ȱ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɮ ɤ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ Ƚɠɨɠɫɨ ɒɮɟɬɷɥɩ Ɋɬɥɩɝɬɷɥɠ Ɂɠɨɠɝɬɷɥɠ ³ ɧɛɦ ɥɛɫɬɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɝɮɦɥɛɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɢɛɝɛɦɷɨʀ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɝ ɞɩɫɛɰ ʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ Ɉɛɤɞɮɬɭʀɳɛ ɧɠɫɠɡɛ ɩɢɠɫ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɏ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɾ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɜɠɢɬɭʀɲɨɣɰ ɬɩɦɩɨɣɰ ɩɢɠɫ ɉɟɨɠ ʀɢ ɨɣɰ ³ ȼɛɦɰɛɳ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɩɪɫʀɬɨɠɨɛ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɛɧ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɪɛɟɛɾ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ȳɦʀ ɴɩ ɡɣɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ ɉɟɨɠ ɢ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɩɢɠɫ ɬɝʀɭɮ ³ ɱɠ ɇɠɫɭɝɠ ɧɩɫɠ ɧɛɦ Ƚɩɨɩ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɠ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ Ȼɫɛɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɨɛ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝʀɤ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɝʀɟ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɧɩɫɺ ² ɧ Ʉɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ³ ɨɛɤɨɣɡɲɣɤ ɬɮɰɩɟʀɦ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɑɠ ɨɛɤɬɩɦɩ-
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ ɨʀɳɠ ɩɢɠɫɩ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ Ʉɩɞɩ ɝɩɟɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɱʀɦɹɴʀ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɭɮɟɣ ɪɫɣʁɡɟɡɛɹɭɷ ɦʀɥɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɦɹɟɣ ɢ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ
ȼɩɦɩɭɛ ɝʀɲɨɛ ɧɠɫɢɦɩɭɛ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ ɭɛ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ȼɩɦɩɭɛ ɭɛ ʁɰɨɾ ɩɬɮɳɠɨɨɺ ɂɨɛɲɨʀ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɝ ɪɠɫɠɢɝɩɦɩɡɠɨɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɜɩɦɩɭɛ ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɛ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺɰ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ Ɋɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɹ ɜɩɦʀɭ ɬɪɫɣɺɹɭɷ ɨɛɟɧʀɫɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɪɩɨɣɡɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɫɠɦɷɾɯʀ ɧɛɦɛ ɝɣɪɛɫɩɝɮɝɛɨʀɬɭɷ Ɂɣɝɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɜɩɦɩɭɛ ɺɥ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨɣɧɣ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠɝɣɧɣ ɝɩɟɛɧɣ ɛ ɭɩɫɯɩɝɣɤ ɳɛɫ ɬɺɞɛɾ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɺɥ ɪʀɝɧɠɭɫɛ ɉɟɨɠ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɜɩɦʀɭ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɭɛ ɬɝʀɭɮ ³ Ƚɛɬɹɞɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɠ ɨɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩ Ɍɣɜʀɫɬɷɥʀɤ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨʀ ɧɛɦ ȿɦɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ɪɫɣɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɜɩɦɩɭɛ ɧɛɫɳʀ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺɰ ɢ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɧ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɩɧ Ƚ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɭɛɥʀ ɜɩɦɩɭɣɬɭʀ ɧʀɬɆɚɥ ȼɚɫɸɝɚɧɫɶɤɟ ɛɨɥɨɬɨ ɱɠɝɩɬɭʀ ɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɩɬɮɳɠɨʀ ɤ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧ ɦʀ ɧɛɦ ɒɛɬɭɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɝʀɟɞɩɫɩɟɡɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɧɩɫɺ ɟɛɧɜɛɧɣ Ƚʀɲɨɛ ɧɠɫɢɦɩɭɛ Ɏ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɛ ɝʀɲɨɛ ɧɠɫɢɦɩɭɛ ɧɛɦ Ƚ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɪɦɩɴɛ ɧɠɫɢɦɩɭɣ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɮɬʀɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ Ɏ ɤɩɞɩ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ ʀ ɬɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɆɚɥ ɋɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɿ ɡɟɦɥɿ ɨɛɰ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɩɳɣɫɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɟɩ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ Ü ɪɨ ɳ ɍɩɝɴɣɨɛ ɧɚ ɦɿɫɰɿ ɨɫɭɲɟɧɢɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɭ ɇɿɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɚɯ ɧɠɫɢɦɩɞɩ ɳɛɫɮ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ ʀɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ Ɉɛ Ʌɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ ɝɩɨɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ ɍɛɤɧɣɫ ³ ɟɩ ɥɧ Ɉɛ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɨʀɤ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɳɛɫ ɧɠɫɢɦɩɞɩ ʊɫɮɨɭɮ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ ɫɩɢɭɛɾ ɑɠ ɮɧɩɡɦɣɝɦɹɾ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɰ ɮɞɫɮɪɩɝɛɨɷ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɲɣɬɦʀ ɦʀɬɩɝɩʁ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ Ɏ ɧɠɫɢɦɩɭʀ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɫɠɳɭɥɣ ɝɣɥɩɪɨɣɰ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɧɛɧɩɨɭʀɝ ɨɩɬɩɫɩɞʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɡɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɱʀɤ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɟɠɬɺɭɥɣ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ Ɇɚɥ Ʌɿɞ ɭ ɜɿɱɧɿɣ ɦɟɪɡɥɨɬɿ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ Ɍɮɲɛɬɨɠ ɢɦɠɟɠɨʀɨɨɺ ʀɢ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɨɣɧɣ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɛɧɣ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɾ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ Ɋʀɝ¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³? ɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ³ Ȳɬɦɛɨɟʀɹ Ɉɩɝɮ Ɏ ɞɩɫɛɰ Ɋɛɧʀɫɮ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɂɠɧɦɹ ɓɪʀɱɜɠɫɞɠɨ ɂɠɧɦɹ ɏɫɛɨɱɛ Ʉɩɬɣɯɛ ɨɛɤɟɩɝɳɣɤ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɢɛ Ⱦʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ ɾ ɮ ɝɬʀɰ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝɣɧɠɡɛɧɣ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɰ ɫɠɞʀɩɨʀɝ ³ ɬɩɭɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɾ ɭɣɬ ɧɠɭɫʀɝ Ɍɨʀɞɩɝɛ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥ ɏɠɟɲɠɨɥɛ ȿɩɝɡɣɨɛ ɦʀɨʀɺ ɝ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ɟɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɥɧ ɛ ɪɦɩ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɍɛɥ ɝɣɬɩɴɛ ³ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɥɧñ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɭɛ ɬɨʀɞɩɝɩʁ ɦʀɨʀʁ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥʀɝ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɬɭɮ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ² ɧ ɍɮɭ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɪɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɦɣɳɠ ɟɝɩɧ ɡɛɹɭɷ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɥɮɪɩɦʀɝ ʀ ɴɣɭʀɝ Ʌɛɫɛɥɩɫɮɧɬɷɥɣɧ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɛɧ ɭɩɝɴɣɨɩɹ ² ɧ Ɍʀɛɲɠɨ ɭɛ ȼɛɦɭɩɫɩ Ɋʀɟɢɠɧɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ Ɉɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛɰ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɤ ɨɛ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺɰ ɨɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛɰ ɾ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨʀ ɬɰɩɝɣɴɛ ɝɩɟ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ʀ ɛɫɭɠɢʀɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɴɩ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɪʀɟ ɭɣɬɥɩɧ ɛ ɝɣɤɳɩɝɳɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɜ·ɹɭɷ ɯɩɨɭɛɨɩɧ ɋɮɰɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɪʀɟ ɢɠɧɦɠɹ ɝɩɟɣ ɢɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɦɛɜʀɫɣɨɭɣ ɪɠɲɠɫ ɺɥʀ ɨɛɤɥɫɛɴɠ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɝɛɪɨɺɥɩɝɣɰ ɭɛ ɞʀɪɬɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɫɩɟɛɰ ɧɛɦ ɉɟɨɮ ɢ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ ³ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ Ʌɣɭɛɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɛɫɬɭ ³ ɢɛɨɠɬɠɨɩ ɟɩ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɷɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀɌɅɉ Ⱦɛɫɺɲʀ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ ³ ɞɠɤɢɠɫɣ ɾ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ Ʌɛɧɲɛɭɥɛ ɭɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ Ȳɬɦɛɨɟʀɺ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɛ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɛ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɛ ³ ɲɣɬɭɩɭɛ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɝɩɟ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɂɛɆɚɥ Ɉɞɧɚ ɿɡ ɩɿɞɡɟɦɧɢɯ ɪɿɱɨɤ ɜɫɮɟɨɠɨɨɺ ɢɛɢɨɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɝɬʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨ ɋɯɿɞɧɨʀ Ⱥɡɿʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɤ ɩɢɠɫɛ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. əɤɟ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɬɚ ɧɚɣɝɥɢɛɲɿ ɨɡɟɪɚ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ" 2. əɤ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɝɥɢɛɢɧɚ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɜɿɞ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ" 3. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɨɡɟɪ ɳɨ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿ ɜ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɹɯ" 4. Ⱦɟ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɿ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɩɥɨɳɿ ɛɨɥɿɬ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɭ" 5. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɱɧɨʀ ɦɟɪɡɥɨɬɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ"
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. Ⱦɪɭɝɟ ɡɚ ɩɥɨɳɟɸ ɨɡɟɪɨ ɡɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɿ ² ȼɟɪɯɧɽ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɚ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɦɚɽ ɩɥɨɳɭ ɬɢɫ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɢɯ ɤɿɥɨɦɟɬɪɿɜ ȼɢɡɧɚɱ ɭ ɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɪɚɡɿɜ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɥɨɳɚ ɦɟɧɲɚ ɜɿɞ ɩɥɨɳɿ Ʉɚɫɩɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ 2. ȼɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɫɨɥɨɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɡɟɪ" ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɫɨɥɨɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɡɟɪ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɿɡ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɸ ɫɨɥɨɧɿɫɬɸ ɨɤɟɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɜɨɞ 3. ɑɢɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɛɨɥɨɬɚ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɠɚɪɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɿɜ ɫɨɧɹɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹ" 4. ȼ ɹɤɢɯ ɝɨɪɚɯ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɥɶɨɞɨɜɢɤɢ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɚɣɜɢɳɟ ɚ ɜ ɹɤɢɯ ² ɧɚɣɧɢɠɱɟ ɳɨɞɨ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɦɨɪɹ"
E
5. ɓɨ ɽ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɠ ɨɡɟɪɚɦɢ ɩɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɡɟɪɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɿɜɧɨɱɿ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ" ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ȼ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ Ȼɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɭɮɨɟɫɛ ɦʀɬɩɭɮɨɟɫɛ ɦʀɬɣ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ
B
ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ əɤɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɽ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨɦɭ ɬɚ ɠɚɪɤɨɦɭ ɩɨɹɫɚɯ ɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹ" əɤɿ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɨɞɧɿɽʀ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɡɨɧɢ" ȼ ɹɤɿɣ ɿɡ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧ Ɂɟɦɥɿ ɠɢɜɢɣ ɫɜɿɬ ɧɚɣɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɿɲɢɣ ɚ ɜ ɹɤɿɣ ² ɧɚɣɛɿɞɧɿɲɢɣ" ɑɨɦɭ"
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɇɛɭɠɫɣɥ ɢ ɮɬʀɧɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɢɩɨɛɧɣ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɺ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɺɬɛɰ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɪʀɝɥɮɦʀ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɝ ʁʁ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɾ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɝɬʀɰ ɭɣɪʀɝ ɂɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɢɩɨɣ ɝɣɭɺɞɨɮɭʀ ʀɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ Ȼɦɠ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɛ ɜɮɟɩɝɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɧɛɭɠ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ ɫɣɥɛ ɬɪɠɱɣɯʀɲɨʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɱɣɫɥɮɦɺɱʀʁ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɦɣ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɮ ɢɝɩɦɩɡɠɨɨʀ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ Ƚʀɟɭɛɥ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɩɨ ɨɠ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɬɮɱʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɛɜɩ ʁɰɨɾ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɨɨɺ ʀɬɭɩɭɨɩ ɝʀɟɰɣɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɳɣɫɩɭɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀɺ ³ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɝɣɭɺɞɨɮɭɛ ʀɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ɮ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɣɰ ʀ ɬɮɜɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɭɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɱɣɰ ɪɩɺɬʀɝ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ
Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɨɺ
Ɇɚɥ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱɧɚ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɹ
Ɇɚɥ Ȼɿɥɢɣ ɜɟɞɦɿɞɶ ² ɦɟɲɤɚɧɟɰɶ ɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶ
Ɇɚɥ Ʉɪɚɽɜɢɞ ɥɿɫɨɬɭɧɞɪɢ
Ɋɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɨɨɺ ɢɩɨ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ Ȼɫɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɭɮɨɟɫɛ ʀ ɦʀɬɩɭɮɨɟɫɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɳɠ ɨʀɡ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɝɩɨɣ ɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɢɛ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɧ ɥɩɦɩɧ ɴɩ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɭɠɪɦɩʁ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɍɮɨɟɫɛ ʀ ɦʀɬɩɭɮɨɟɫɛ ɢɛɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɝɮɢɷɥɮ ɬɧɮɞɮ ɺɥɛ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ʀɢ ɪɩɬɣɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɬɮɝɩɫɩɬɭʀ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɋɣɬɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ Ɏɢɣɧɥɮ ɝ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɟɮɡɠ ɨɣɢɷɥʀ ɝʀɟ ² Ɍ ɟɩ ² Ɍ ɒɛɬɭɩ ɟɧɮɭɷ ɬɣɦɷɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɦɹɭɮɹɭɷ ɰɮɫɭɩɝɣɨɣ Ɇʀɭɩ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɠ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɨɠ ʀɢ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧʀɬɺɲɨɣɧɣ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɝɣɴɠ ɝʀɟ Ɍ ɉɪɛɟɣ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɛɦɠ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɛ ʁɰɨɺ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɛ ³ ² ɧɧ ɢɛ ɫʀɥ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɱɺ ɫʀɲɨɛ ɬɮɧɛ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɾ ʀɨɭɠɨɬɣɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɝɣɪɛɫɩɝɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɟɦɺ ɭɮɨɟɫɣ ɭɛ ɦʀɬɩɭɮɨɟɫɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɠ ɨɛɟɦɣɳɥɩɝɠ ɢɝɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ʉɫɮɨɭɩɝɩ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ʀ ɭɝɛ ɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɩɹ ɫɣɬɩɹ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɮ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɭɮɨɟɫɣ ɾ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɧɠɫɢɦɩɭɣ Ƚ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɛ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɭɮɨɟɫɩɝɩ ɞɦɠɾɝʀ ɝ ɨɣɢɣɨɨɣɰ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɰ ³ ɭɩɫɯ·ɺɨɩ ɜɩɦɩɭɨʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɛ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɮɨɟɫɣ ³ ɧɩɰɣ ɦɣɳɛɤɨɣɥɣ ɥɛɫɦɣɥɩɝʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ Ɏ ɝɣɟɩɝɩɧɮ ɬɥɦɛɟʀ ɦʀɬɩɭɮɨɟɫɩɝɩɞɩ ɫʀɟɥɩɦʀɬɬɺ ³ ɥɫɣ-
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ ɝɩɫɩɬɦʀ ɜɠɫɠɢɣ ɺɦɣɨɣ ɧɩɟɫɣɨɣ ɧɛɦ ɍɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɣɤ ɦɠɧʀɨɞɛɧɣ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɧɣ ɢɛɤɱɺɧɣ ɪɠɬɱɺɧɣ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɩɦɠɨɺɧɣ ɜʀɦɣɧɣ ɥɮɫʀɪɥɛɧɣ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɧɣ ɬɩɝɛɧɣ ɧɛɦ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɾ ɪɩɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɢɝʀɫʀɝ ɭɛ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ɫɩɢɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɩɦɠɨʀɝ ɉɭɡɠ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɱɣɰ ɢɩɨ ɝ Ȱɝɫɛɢʀʁ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɩɟʀɜɨʀ ɟɩ ɛɨɛɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɑɠ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɟɩɨɠɟɛɝɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɝ ɱɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɾɟɣɨɠ ɱʀɦɠ Ɏɜɩɞɛ ɨɣɢɷɥɩɫɩɬɦɛ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɣ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɬɮɝɩɫɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɩ ɭɣɧɣ ɬɛɧɣɧɣ ɫɩɟɛɧɣ ʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɝɣɟɛɧɣ Ɇɚɥ ɉɨɥɹɪɧɚ ɫɨɜɚ
Ɇʀɬɣ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɍɛɤɞɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɠ ɦʀɬɩɭɮɨɟɫɣ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɺɬɮ ɝʀɟ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɍɣɰɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɨɮɦɣɬɺ ɰɝɩɤɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɭɛɤɞɛ ɍɮɭ ɟɩɬɭɛɭɨɷɩ ɭɠɪɦɛ ʀ ɝɩɦɩɞɣ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɬɭɮ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɧɛɦ ʉɫɮɨɭ ɪɫɩɧɣɝɛ ɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɨɩɬɣɭɷɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɨ ȼʀɦɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ʊɫɮɨɭɩɝɣɤ ɳɛɫ ɬɝʀɭɦɩ ɬʀɫɩɞɩ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɩɢɜɛɝɦɠɨɣɤ Ɇɚɥ Ɍɚɣɝɚ ɞɮɧɮɬɮ ɍɛɥʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟɢɩ ɦɣɬɭɣɧɣ ɍɛɧ ɟɠ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɢɛɭɫɣɧɛɨɨɺ ɝɩɦɩɞɣ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɣ ɜɩɦɩɭɛ Ȳɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ɮ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɢɩɨɣ ɭɛɤɞɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ Ƚ Ȼɢʀɤɬɷɥʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɛ ɝʀɲɨɛ ɧɠɫɢɦɩɭɛ ɴɩ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɾ ɪɠɝɨɩɹ ɧʀɫɩɹ ɢɧʀɨɮ ɝɣɟɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɭɛɤɞɣ ɍɛɥ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɬɩɬɨɛ ʀ Ɇɚɥ Ɇɨɞɪɢɧɢ ɜɨɫɟɧɢ ɺɦɣɨɛ ɢɛ Ɏɫɛɦɩɧ ɪɛɨɮɹɭɷ ɺɦɣɱɺ ɭɛ ɬɣɜʀɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɠɟɫ ɥɠɟɫɩɝɛ ɬɩɬɨɛ ɮ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ Ɍɣɜʀɫɮ ³ ɧɩɟɫɣɨɛ ɧɛɦ ȿɩ ɰɝɩɤɨɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɟɩɧʀɳɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɫʀɜɨɩɦɣɬɭʀ ³ ɜɠɫɠɢɛ ɩɬɣɥɛ ɝʀɦɷɰɛ Ɏ ɭɛɤɢʀ ɜɛɞɛ ɭɣɤ ʀ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɤ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɰɮɭɫɩɝɣɰ ɢɝʀɫʀɝ ɭɠɪɦɠ ɰɮɭɫɩ ɫɺɭɮɾ ʁɰ ɮ ɰɩɦɩɟɨʀ ɢɣɧɣ Ɉɛɤɱʀɨɨʀɳɣɧ ɰɮɭɫɩɧ ɝɣɟʀɦɺ ɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɩɜɩɦʀ ɜɩɜɫɣ ɧɛɦ ɞɩɫɨɩɬɭɛɤ Ɉɛɟɧʀɫɨɣɤ ɝʀɟɬɭɫʀɦ ɱɣɰ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɪɫɣɢɝʀɝ ɟɩ ɫʀɢɥɩɞɩ ɢɧɠɨɳɠɨɨɺ ɲɣɬɠɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɧʀɬɱɺɧɣ ³ ɟɩ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɱʀɦɥɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɨɺ Ɉɣɨʀ ɝɡɣɝɛɆɚɥ Ȼɨɛɟɪ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ
Ɇɚɥ ɋɢɛɿɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɤɟɞɪ ² ɰɿɧɧɟ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ
Ɇɚɥ Ɇɿɲɚɧɢɣ ɥɿɫ ɜɨɫɟɧɢ
Ɇɚɥ Ȼɭɤɨɜɢɣ ɥɿɫ
ɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɰɩɟɣ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɱʀʁ ɰɮɭɫɩɝɣɰ ɢɝʀɫʀɝ Ɏ ɭɛɤɢʀ ɝɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɦɣɬɣɱʀ ɜʀɦɥɣ ɥɮɨɣɱʀ ³ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɩɦɹɹɭɷ ɢɛɫɛɟɣ ɰɮɭɫɛ Ȱ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨʀ ɢɛɤɱʀ ɜɮɫɮɨɟɮɥɣ ɫɣɬʀ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ³ ɦɩɬʀ ɜɮɫʀ ɝɠɟɧɠɟʀ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɰ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɡɣɝɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɬʀɨɨɺɧ ɜɫɮɨɷɥɛɧɣ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɧɣ ɪɛɫɩɬɭɥɛɧɣ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɞɦɮɰɛɫʀ ɫɺɜɲɣɥɣ ɳɣɳɥɛɫʀ ɥɠɟɫʀɝɥɣ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɾ ɥɩɧɛɰɩʁɟɨʀ ɳɪɛɥɣ ɟɺɭɦɣ ɰɣɡʀ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɢ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɩɧ ɪɫɩɧɣɬɦɮ ɫɺɜɲɣɥɣ ɥɮɫʀɪɥɣ ɭɠɭɠɫɮɥɣ ɍɛɤɞɩɝʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɜɛɞɛɭʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɩɹ ɧɛɦ Ɉɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɪɦɩɴɛɰ ɝɣɫɮɜɮɹɭɷ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɢɛɰɩɟʀɝ ɟɦɺ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɝɣɟɩɝɣɤ ɬɥɦɛɟ ɝɭɩɫɣɨɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɩ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɝɣɫɮɜɛɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɝɣɨɨɣɰ ɍɩɧɮ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɩ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣɬɷ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɱɺɧɣ ɢɛɰɩɟʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɛɨʀ ɨɛ ɫɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɠ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɇʀɳɛɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɢɩɨɛ ɭɛɤɞɣ ɢɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɩɨɩɹ ɧʀɳɛɨɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɧɛɦ ɉɪɛɦɠ ɦɣɬɭɺ ʀ ɭɫɛɝ·ɺɨɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɱɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɬɪɫɣɺɹɭɷ ɨɛɞɫɩɧɛɟɡɠɨɨɹ ɝ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɠ ɝɩɧɮ ɳɛɫʀ ɟɠɺɥɩʁ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɨ Ɏɭɝɩɫɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɝʀɭɦɣɤ ʀ ɧɛɦɩɪɩɭɮɡ ɨ ɣɤ ɞɮɧɮɬɩɝɣɤ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭ ɍɛɥʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɠɫɨɩɝɩ ɪʀɟɢɩɦɣɬɭɣ ɧɣ ɇʀɳɛɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɨɠ ɬɮɱʀɦɷɨɩɹ ɬɧɮɞɩɹ ɛ ɦɣɳɠ ɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɭɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȼɢʀʁ ɓɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɂɩɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɦɛɬɷ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɠ Ƚɩɨɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɠ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɾ ɬɮɱʀɦɷɨɩʁ ɬɧɮɞɣ ɝɣɥɦɣɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ Ƚɩɦɞɣ Ɏ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɝ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɟɩɬɭɛɭɨɷɩʁ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɤ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɜɮɥɩɝʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɧɛɦ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɮɜɩɝɣɧɣ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɟɮɜ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɮɾ ɦʀɭɨɹ ɬɪɠɥɮ ʀ ɬɮɰʀɬɭɷ ȿɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ
ɌȿɆȺ ȯɜɪɚɡɿɹ ɟɠɫɠɝɨɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɮ ɱʀɤ ɢɩɨʀ ɟɩɧʀɳɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɞɫɛɜ ɝ·ɺɢ ʀɦɷɧ ³ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɛ ɦɣɪɛ ɥɦɠɨ ³ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ Ɏ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɟɮɜɩɝɣɰ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɣɤ ɭɫɛɝ·ɺɨɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ʀɢ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɧ ɦɣɬɭɺɧ ɪɛɪɩɫɩɭɠɤ ɥɩɨɝɛɦʀʁ ɧɠɟɮɨɥɣ ɭɛ ʀɨ Ɇɣɬɭɺ ʀ ɭɫɛɝɣ ɪɠɫɠɞɨɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɭɠɧɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɤ ɞɮɧɮ ɬɩɝɣɤ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭ Ɇɚɥ Ʌɿɫ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɭ Ɏ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɪʀɟ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭɣɧɣ ɧɚ ɫɯɨɞɿ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɦʀɬɛɧɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɜɮɫʀ ɦʀɬɩɝʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ ɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀɤ ɫʀɝɨɣɨʀ ³ ɬʀɫʀ ɦʀɬɩɝʀ Ɉɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɝ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ Ƚ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɭɠɪɦɩɞɩ ʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɩɦɩɞɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɛ ɧɮɬɩɨɨɩɞɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɮ ɦʀɬɣ ɱʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛ ɨʀɭɨʀ ɢɛ ɝɣɟɩɝɣɧ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɧ ɍɛɧ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɳɥɩɟ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɩɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɢ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ʀ ɝ ɢɝɩɫɩɭɨɩɧɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɍɩɧɮ ɝ ɪɩɧʀɫɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɭɫɛɪɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɜɛɧɜɮɥ ɦʀɛɨɣ Ɋʀɟ ɪɩɦɩɞɩɧ ɦʀɬɮ ³ ɞɮɬɭɣɤ ɲɛɞɛɫɨɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɺɫɮɬ ʀ ɭɫɛɝ·ɺɨɣɤ ɪɩɥɫɣɝ ɧɛɦ Ȱ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ Ɇɚɥ Ʉɭɧɢɰɹ ² ɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɠɦʀɥɭɩɝɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɥɢɫɬɢɯ ɬɚ ɦɿɲɚɧɢɯ ɥɿɫɿɜ Ɏ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɤɫɩɟɹɲʀɳʀ ɝ ɮɬʀɤ ɦʀɬɩɝʀɤ ɢɩɨʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɮɞʀɟɟɺ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɪɩɫʀɟ ɢɟɛɝɨɛ ɱʀɨɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ʀ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬ ɭɩɝɮɝɛ ɦɛɬɺ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ ɍɩɧɮ ɱʀ ɦʀɬɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɩɞɛɨɩ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɤ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɤ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝ Ȼɢʀʁ ɍɫɩɰɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɦʀɬɩɪɩɥɫɣɭɩʁ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɝ ɧʀɳɛɨɣɰ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɛɦɠ ʀ ɭɮɭ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɢɧʀɨɠɨʀ ɓɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɢɛɧʀɨɠɨɩ ɜɠɫɠɢɩɹ ɤ ɩɬɣɥɩɹ ɴɩ ɟɩɜɫɠ Ɇɚɥ Ɉɥɟɧɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɢɣ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɨɛ ɝɣɫɮɜɥɛɰ Ʌɩɫʀɨɨɣɰ ɭɣɪʀɝ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɠɜɛɞɛɭɩ Ɏ ɧʀɳɛɨɣɰ ɭɛ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɝɩɟɣɭɷɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɺɥʀ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨʀ ʀ ɟɦɺ ɭɛɤɞɣ ɢɛɤɱʀ ɥɮɨɣɱʀ ɜʀɦɥɣ ɤ ʀɨ ɧɛɦ ɋɛɨʀɳɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɥɩɢɮɦɷ ɥɛɜɛɨʀɝ ɜɦɛɞɩɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɩɦɠɨʀɝ ɧɛɦ Ɏ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɣɰ ɧɛɬɣɝɛɰ ɦʀɬɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ9 Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɤɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɜɤɭɥɿ ʀ ɭɠɪɠɫ Ɉɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɬɝʀɭ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɮ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɴɩ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɣɬɺ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀɳɣɤ ɝɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɢɜɛɞɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɝɣɟɛɧɣ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɳɣɰ ɳɣɫɩɭ ɍɛɥ ɮ ɚɪɩɨʀʁ ɝ ɱʀɤ ɢɩɨʀ ɝɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɧɛɝɪɣ ɺɪɩɨɬɷɥɛ ɧɛɥɛɥɛ ɮ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀ Ȼɧɮɫɮ ³ ɭɣɞɫɣ ɧɛɦ Ɇʀɬɣ ɝ ɢɩɨʀ ɦʀɬɩɬɭɠɪɮ Ɏ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɛ ɦʀɬɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɦʀɬɩɬɭɠ ɪɛɧɣ ʀ ɬɭɠɪɛɧɣ ɮ Ɇɚɥ ɍɫɫɭɪɿɣɫɶɤɢɣ ɬɢɝɪ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ɢʀ ɢɧɠɨɳɠɨɨɺɧ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɩɪɛɟʀɝ ʀ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɠɨɨɺɧ ɝɣɪɛ ɫɩɝɮɝɛɨɩɬɭʀ Ɏ ɦʀɬɩɬɭɠɪɮ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɾ ɭɫɛɝ·ɺɨɣɬɭɛ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛ ɲɩɫɨɩɢɠɧɨɣɰ ʊɫɮɨɭɛɰ ɛɦɠ ɾ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɲɣ ɟɫʀɜɨɩɦɣɬɭɣɰ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɪʀɟ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɯɩɫ ɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɬʀɫʀ ɦʀɬɩɝʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ
G
Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ 1. ɑɨɦɭ ɜ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɽ ɜɫɿ ɬɢɩɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɨɧ" 2. ɑɢɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɨɧ ɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶ ɿ ɬɭɧ-
ɞɪɢ ɭ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɬɚ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɰɿ" ɑɨɦɭ" 3. əɤɿ ɬɢɩɢ ʉɪɭɧɬɿɜ ɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɭɧɞɪɢ ɬɚ ɥɿɫɨɬɭɧɞɪɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɥɿɫɨɜɢɯ
ɡɨɧ ɩɨɦɿɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɭ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ" 4. əɤɿ ɜɢɞɢ ɪɨɫɥɢɧ ɿ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɽ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɢɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɣɝɢ ɦɿɲɚɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ-
ɥɢɫɬɢɯ ɥɿɫɿɜ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ"
A
Ɂɚɫɬɨɫɭɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɡɧɚɣɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 1. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɿɲɚɧɢɯ ɥɿɫɿɜ ȯɜɪɚɡɿʀ ɬɚ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ 2. ɑɢɦ ɪɿɡɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɦɿɠ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɡɨɧɢ ɯɜɨɣɧɢɯ ɦɿɲɚɧɢɯ ɿ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɥɢɫɬɢɯ ɥɿɫɿɜ" 3. əɤɿ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɡɨɧɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɿ ɧɟ ɫɭɰɿɥɶɧɨɸ ɫɦɭɝɨɸ ɿɡ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɫɯɿɞ ɚ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɦɢ ɞɿɥɹɧɤɚɦɢ" ɑɨɦɭ"
E
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɱɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ
Ⱥ
Ȼ
ȼ