Ȳ Ɋ əɴɮɥ
ɎɅɋȻȳɈɌɗɅȻ ɇɉȽȻ ɊȲȿɋɎɒɈɃɅ ȿɆɚ ɅɆȻɌɎ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɩɬɝʀɭɨʀɰ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɛɥɦɛɟʀɝ ɋɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɇʀɨʀɬɭɠɫɬɭɝɩɧ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ
ÒÅÐÍÎϲËÜ ÍÀÂ×ÀËÜÍÀ ÊÍÈÃÀ — ÁÎÃÄÀÍ 2015
ɎȿɅ
ȼȼɅ Ɏɥɫ ɺ ə ɋɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɇʀɨʀɬɭɠɫɬɭɝɩɧ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɨɛɥɛɢ ɇʀɨʀɬɭɠɫɬɭɝɛ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝʀɟ ɫ ʌ
ÂÈÄÀÍÎ ÇÀ ÐÀÕÓÍÎÊ ÄÅÐÆÀÂÍÈÕ ÊÎØÒ²Â. ÏÐÎÄÀÆ ÇÀÁÎÐÎÍÅÍÎ ɋɠɱɠɨɢɠɨɭɣ ɟɩɥɭɩɫ ɪɠɟɛɞɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ ɪɫɩɯɠɬɩɫ ɥɛɯɠɟɫɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ ɭɛ ɧɠɭɩɟɣɥɣ ʁʁ ɝɣɥɦɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɍɠɫɨɩɪʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɪɠɟɛɞɩɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɮ ʀɧ Ƚ Ⱦɨɛɭɹɥɛ Ƚ ɚ ɇɠɦɷɨɣɲɛɤɥɩ ɥɛɨɟɣɟɛɭ ɯʀɦɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ ɝɣɥɦɛɟɛɲ ɥɛɯɠɟɫɣ ɯʀɦɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɛ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ Ƚʀɨɨɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɜɦɛɬɨɩɞɩ ʀɨɬɭɣɭɮɭɮ ɪʀɬɦɺɟɣɪɦɩɧɨɩʁ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ɍ Ɋ ɍɥɛɲɮɥ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɷ ɧɠɭɩɟɣɬɭ ȼɠɫɠɡɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɂɉɓ Ȳ²ȲȲ ɬɭɮɪɠɨʀɝ ʌ Ƚ ɇ Ʌɩɞɮɭ
əɴɮɥ Ȳ Ɋ ə Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥ ɟɦɺ ɥɦ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɩɬɝʀɭ ɨɛɝɲ ɢɛɥɦ Ȳ Ɋ əɴɮɥ ³ ɍɠɫɨɩɪʀɦɷ Ɉɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɛ ɥɨɣɞɛ ² ȼɩɞɟɛɨ ³ ³ ɬ ʀɦ ,6%1 ɎȿɅ
ȼȼɅ Ɏɥɫ ɺ
ɉɰɩɫɩɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧ ɪɫɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɬɷɥɠ ɪɫɛɝɩ Ɂɩɟɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɠɨɛ ɝ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɜɠɢ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɮ ɛɝɭɩɫɛ ɲɣ ɝɣɟɛɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ əɴɮɥ Ȳ Ɋ Ɉɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɛ ɥɨɣɞɛ ² ȼɩɞɟɛɨ
,6%1
ɎɇɉȽɈȲ ɊɉɂɈȻɒɀɈɈɚ ɍɠɩɫɠɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ
Ɋɫɩɬɦɮɰɛɭɣ
ɋɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɧɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ
ɏɩɭɩʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀɺ
Ʌɦɹɲ ɟɩ ɝɪɫɛɝɣ
Ȳɨɭɠɫɛɥɭɣɝɨɛ ɝɪɫɛɝɛ
* Ƚʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɟɩ ɝɪɫɛɝɣ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ ɮ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɛ ** ɂɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ ɮ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɛ Ɋʀɥɭɩɞɫɛɧɛɧɣ ɝ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɮ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɩ ɭʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝʀ ɺɥʀ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɣ ɝ ɠɦɠɥɭɫɩɨɨʀɤ ɝɠɫɬʀʁ ɢɛ ɪɩɬɣɦɛɨɨɺɧ KWWS ZZZ ERKGDQ GLJLWDO FRP HGX
ȿɩɫɩɞʀ ɬɠɧɣɥɦɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɇɩɝɮ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɲɣɭɣ ɟɦɺ ɥɩɞɩɬɷ ʀ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɲɣɭɣ ɟɦɺ ɬɠɜɠ ȿɦɺ ɥɩ ɞɩɬɷ ³ ɱɠ ɢɛɫɛɟɣ ɝɣɬɩɥɩʁ ɩɱʀɨɥɣ ɢɛɫɛɟɣ ɜɛɦʀɝ ȿɦɺ ɬɠɜɠ ³ ɢɛɫɛɟɣ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɜɠɢɧɠɡɨɣɰ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɧɩɢɥɮ ɢɛɟɦɺ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ʀɨɭɠɦɠɥɭɮɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɑɠ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɾ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ʀ ɝɣɬɩɥɮ ɩɱʀɨɥɮ ɇɩɝɛ ɺɥ ɡɩɟɠɨ ʀɨɳɣɤ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭ ɨɛɤɞɦɣɜɳɠ ɬɺɞɛɾ ɝ ɪʀɟɬɝʀɟɩ ɧʀɬɭɷ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɾ ʁʁ ɮɟɩɬɥɩɨɛɦɹɾ ɍɩɧɮ ɪɫɣ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨʀ ɧɩɝɣ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɠ ɨɠ ɢɛɢɮɜɫɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɛɝɣɦ ɺɥʀ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɡ ʀ ɢɛɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɺ ɛ ɪɫɩɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɨɛɝɟɣɝɩɝɣɡ ɦɩɞʀɲɨɩ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɮ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɮ ɫʀɟɨɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ ɇɩɝɛ ɧɛɾ ɟɝʀ ɬɭɩɫɩɨɣ ɝɣɟɣɧɮ ɤ ɨɠɝɣɟɣɧɮ Ƚɣɟɣɧɛ ɬɭɩɫɩɨɛ ³ ɱɠ ɧɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɮɬɨɠ ɤ ɪɣɬɷɧɩɝɠ ɬɪʀɦɥɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɲɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɭɝɩ ɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɥɬɭʀɝ Ɉɠɝɣɟɣɧɛ ³ ɱɠ ɧɩɝɨʀ ɢɛɬɩɜɣ ɺɥʀ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥʀɝ ɧʀɡ ɨɠɤɫɩɨɛɧɣ ɧɩɢɥɮ ɢɛɦɺɞɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɛɰ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭʀ ʀ ɺɥʀ ɧɣ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɾɧɩ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɧɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɤ ɧɣɬɦɠɨɨɺ ɇɩɝɨʀ ɢɛɬɩɜɣ ɝ ɨɛɳʀɤ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭʀ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɠɝɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɛɨʀ ɰɛɩɭɣɲɨʀ ʀ ɲʀɭ ɥɩ ɝɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɛɨʀ ɺɥ ɬɥɛɡʀɧɩ ɢ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɟɩɬɥɩɨɛɦɩɧɮ ɠɦɠɥɭɫɩɨ ɨɩɧɮ ɪɫɣɬɭɫɩʁ ɂɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɩ ɴɩ ɜɛɡɛɨɣɰ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀɝ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɹɭɷ ɭɛɧ ɟɠ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɦɩɞʀɲɨɩ ɩɜɦɛɳɭɩɝɛɨɛ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɟɩ ʁʁ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɯɮɨɥɱʀ ɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ʀ ɨɛɝɪɛɥɣ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɣ ɧʀɢɠɫɨʀ ɭɛɧ ɟɠ ɪɛ ɨɮɾ ɜɠɢɦɛɟ ɉɭɩɡ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɧɩɝɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɝɩɨɩ ɨɠ ɯɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɠ ɛ ɝɟɮɧɦɣɝɠ ɤ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɱɷɥɠ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɾ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛɭɣɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɧɩɝɨʀ ɢɛ ɬɩɜɣ ɝ ɨɛɳʀɤ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭʀ ɛ ɤ ɯɩɫɧɮɾ ɦɩɞʀɲɨɩ ɝɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɮɾ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɧʀɡ ɨɠɤɫɩɨɛɧɣ ɧɩɢɥɮ ɺɥɣɰ ɾ ɜɠɢɦʀɲ ʀ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɮɟɩɬɥɩɨɛ ɦɹɾ ɧɣɬɦɠɨɨɺ ɫɩɜɣɭɷ ɨɛɬ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɪɫɣɬɭɩɬɩɝɛɨɣɧɣ ɟɩ ɧʀɨɦɣɝɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɪɩɝɬɺɥɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɪɫɩɜɮɟɡɮɾ ɭɝɩɫɲʀ ɨɛɰɣɦɣ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝʀ ɥɩɡɨʀɤ ɦɹɟɣɨʀ
ɍɩɧɮ ɪɫɛɱɹɹɲɣ ɢ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɩɧ ɨɠ ɢɛɢɮɜɫɹɤɭɠ ɪɫɛɝɣɦ ɛ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɤɭɠ ɬɺ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ʁɰɨɹ ɬɮɭɷ ɦɩɞʀɥɮ ȿɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɥɩɡɨɠ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɢɝʀɫɺɤɭɠ ɢ ɪɫɣ ɥɦɛɟɛɧɣ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ Ɉɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɤɭɠ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟɣ ɜɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɜɠɢ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟʀɝ ɪɮɬɭʀ ɧɠɫɭɝʀ Ȼ ɝɬʀ ɱʀ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɺɭɷ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɝɛɧ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɾ ɮ ɝɛɳʀɤ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭʀ ɝɣ ʁɰ ɢɛɬɝɩʁɦɣ ɴɠ ɢɧɛɦɥɮ Ɇɣɳɠ ɪɩɥɣ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɮɬɝʀɟɩɧɣɦɣ ɢɛ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɢɛɥɩɨɛɧɣ ɝɣ ʁɰ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɾɭɠ ³ ɲɛɬɩɧ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɭɩɲɨɩ Ƚɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɡ ɞɫɛɧɛɭɣɥɣ ɫʀɟɨɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ ɝɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɮɾ ɧɩɝɨʀ ɢɛ ɬɩɜɣ ɮ ɝɛɳʀɤ ɞɩɦɩɝʀ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɾ ɫɩɢɥɦɛɬɭɣ ʁɰ ɪɩ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɰ ´ɪɩɦɣɲɥɛɰµ ɺɥ ʀ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɤ ʀɨɬɭɫɮɧɠɨɭ ɭɛ ɲʀɭɥɩ ɤ ɟɩɫɠɲɨɩ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ʁɰ ɐɭɩɬɷ ɧɩɡɠ ɬɥɛɢɛɭɣ ɴɩ ɧɩɝɦɺɝ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɡ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɝɲɣɭɣ ɧɩɝɮ Ƚɠ ɦɣɥɣɤ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯ Ƚɩɦɷɭɠɫ ɺɥɩɬɷ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ ɴɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɾɝɫɩ ɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɧɩɝɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɣɝɲɣɭɣ ɢɛ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɛ ɬɝɩɹ ɫʀɟɨɮ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɝɲɣɭɣ ɝɬɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ´Ɉɛɳʀ ɧɛɭɠɫʀ ³ ɬɝʀɟɲɣɝ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥ ɩɟ ɨɩɞɩ ɢ ʀɨɟʀɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ ³ ɝɣɭɫɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɴɩɟɨɺ ɪɩ ɟɝʀ ɞɩ ɟɣɨɣ ɨɛɝɲɛɹɲɣ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɪɦɠɧɠɨʀ ȿɩɫɩɬɦɣɤ ʀɨɟʀɛɨɠɱɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɠ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɾ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɢ ɛɜɬɩɦɹɭɨɩɹ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨʀɬɭɹ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɬɭɛɾ ɜɠɢɪɫɛɝɨɣɧ ɤɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɹɭɷ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɪɫɣ ɦɹɟɺɰ ɴɩɜ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɩɝɨʀ ɰɣɜɣ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɦɮɰɛɲɛɧ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɟʀɭɺɧ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɭɠ ɨɛɳʀ ɧɛɭɠɫʀ ɝɣɭɫɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɲɛɬɮ ɟɩɧɛɞɛɹɲɣɬɷ ʀɟɠ ɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɭɩɲɨɩɬɭʀ ɮ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɠɨɨʀ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɟɮɡɠ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɩʁ ɞɫɛɧɛɭɣɥɣµ Ȼ ɲɣ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɧɣ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɧɩ ɫʀɟɨɩɹ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ" ɒɣ ɟɩɬɥɩɨɛɦɩ ɢɨɛɾɧɩ ʁʁ"
4
ÂÑÒÓÏ
Ƚɬɭɮɪ
§ 1.
Ʌɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɚ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɦɨɜɢ Ɉɮ ɴɩ ɜ ɢɟɛɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɬɦɩɝɛ« Ɍɦɩɝɛ ɭɛ ɞɩɦɩɬ ³ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ Ȼ ɬɠɫɱɠ ɜ·ɾɭɷɬɺ ³ ɩɡɣɝɛ ɚɥ ʁɰ ɪɩɲɮɾ ³ ɂɨɛɭɷ ɩɟ ȼɩɞɛ Ȳ ɞɩɦɩɬ ɭɩɤ ʀ ɭʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ Ȳɟɮɭɷ ɧɠɡ ɦɹɟɣ ³
ɢɛɪɣɬɛɝ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɝ ɨɠɝɩɦʀ ɨɛ ɟɛɦɠɥɩɧɮ Ʌɩɬ Ȼɫɛɦʀ ɢɛɲɮɝɳɣ ɢɝɮɥɣ ɫʀɟɨɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ Ʌɩɡɨɩɧɮ ɨɛɫɩɟɩɝʀ ȼɩɞ ɝɟʀɦɣɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠɪɩɝɭɩɫɨɮ ɧɩɝɮ ɺɥ ɢɛɬʀɜ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɪɩɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɧʀɡ ɦɹɟɷɧɣ ɤ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺɧɣ ɨɛɜɮɭɩ ɞɩ ɟɩɬɝʀɟɮ ɇɩɝɛ ³ ɱɠ ɤ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɤ ʀɨɬɭɫɮɧɠɨɭ ɧɣɬɦɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɪʀɢɨɛɨ ɨɺ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɚɥ ɥɩɡɨɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɪɩ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɾ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨɹ ɟʀɤɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɥɩɡɨɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɪɩ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɾ ɲɦɠɨɮɾ ɺɝɣɴɛ ʀ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɭɹ ɧɩɝ ɦɹɟ ɬɭɝɩ ɝ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɬɮɥɮɪɨɩɬɭʀ ɧɛɾ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɺɥɩɧɩɞɛ ɪɩɝɨʀɳɠ ɤ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɨʀɳɠ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɜɮɟɩɝɣ ȼɠɢ ɭɩʁ ɲɣ ʀɨɳɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ ɝɬɠɦɹɟ ɬɷɥɠ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɬɝʀɭ ɜɮɟɠ ɨɠ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɪɩɝɨɣɧ ɺɥ ɨɠɪɩɝɨɩɹ ɜɮɟɠ ɝɠɬɠɦɥɛ ɜɠɢ ɺɥɩɞɩɬɷ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɮ ɛɜɩ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɭʀɨɥɮ ɍɩɧɮ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɤ ɟɜɛɭɣ ɪɫɩ ɱɠɤ ɟɛɫ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɭɣ ɝɟɩɬɥɩɨɛɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɧɨɩɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɠɯɠɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ Ɉɛɫɩɟ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɠ ɲɣɨɣɭɷ ɱɷɩ ɞɩ ɢɨɣɥɛɾ ɢ ɦɣɱɺ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɺɥ ɨɛɱʀɺ ´Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ʀ ɨɛɤɟɩɫɩɡɲɠ ɟɩɜɫɩ ɝ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ³ ɱɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɩɝɛ ɩɭɛ ɡɣɝɛ ɬɰɩɝɛɨɥɛ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɟɮɰɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱɺ ɝ ɺɥɮ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾ ʀ ɬɝɩɾ ɟɛɝɨɾ ɡɣɭɭɺ ʀ ɬɝɩʁ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɥɣ ɫɩɢɮɧ ɟɩɬɝʀɟ ɪɩɲɮɝɛɨɨɺµ ³ ɪɣɬɛɝ Ɋɛɨɛɬ ɇɣɫɨɣɤ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɹ ɲɣɬɷ ɫʀɟɨɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɤ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɹɲɣ ʁʁ ɭɩɤ ɲɣ ʀɨɳɣɤ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɧɩɡɠ ɬɪɫɛɝɨɩ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɧʀɬʀɹ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ´Ɉɠ ɮɧɩɝɨɣɰ ɢɝɮɥʀɝ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɲɣɭɷɬɺ ɟɣɭɣɨɛ ɝɣɝɲɛɹɲɣ ɫʀɟɨɮ ɧɩɝɮ ɛ ɪ·ɾ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɤ ɬɣɦɮ ɢ ɫʀɟɨɩʁ ɞɫɮɟʀ ɫʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ Ƚɩɨɩ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɾ ʁɤ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ ɺɥ ɨɠ ɧʀɞ ɜɣ ɪɩɺɬɨɣɭɣ ʁʁ ɡɩɟɠɨ ɪɫɣ ɫɩɟɩɢɨɛɝɠɱɷ ɝɩɨɩ ɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɭɷ ʁʁ ɢ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɩɧ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɴɩ ʁʁ ɩɭɩ ɲɮɹɭɷ ɢ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩɧ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɡɣɝɠ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɾɹ ɭɛ
Ɇʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɨɛ ɨɩɫɧɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ
ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɞɨɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɺɥ ɨɠ ɧʀɞ ɜɣ ɩɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɭɣ ɡɩɟɠɨ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥ ɝɩɨɩ ɝɝɩɟɣɭɷ ʁʁ ɝ ɨɛɫɩɟɨʀ ɝʀɫɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɮ ɪɩɠɢʀɹ ɺɥ ɨɠ ɧʀɞ ɜɣ ɝɝɠɬɭɣ ɡɩɟɠɨ ɠɬɭɠɭɣɥ ɝɩɨɩ ɨɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɟɛɾ ɭɛɥʀ ɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺ ɤ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɞɦɺɟɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɨɠ ɧʀɞ ɜɣ ɟɛɭɣ ɡɩɟɠɨ ɯʀɦɩ ɬɩɯµ ³ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɪɠɟɛɞɩɞ Ʌ Ɏɳɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɋʀɟɨɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɧɩɝɛ ɫʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɤ ɫʀɟɨɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɬɪɫɣɺɾ ɺɥɨɛɤɪɩɝɨʀɳɩɧɮ ɝɣɺɝɦɠɨɨɹ ɭɝɩɫɲɣɰ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ ɺɥɣɤ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɟɩɧɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɪɩɲɣɨɛ ɹɲɣ ɢ ɪ·ɺɭɨɛɟɱɺɭɣ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɪɫɩɝʀɝ ɮ ɫɩɬʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɩɝɣɴʀ ɟɩɬɺɞ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɩʁ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɝ ɭɝɩɫɛɰ ɪɣɬɛɨɣɰ ɬɛɧɠ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ʀ ɭɣɧ ɢɜɛɞɛɭɣɝ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱɹ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɛ ɤ ɬɝʀ ɭɩɝɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ʀ ɩɭɡɠ ɢɟɩɜɮɝ ɬɩɜʀ ɬɦɛɝɮ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɛ ɤ ɮ ɝɬɷɩɧɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɉ Ɋɮɳɥʀɨ ɺɥɣɤ ɮ ɟɣɭɣɨɬɭɝʀ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɮ ɧɩɝɮ ɢɨɛɝ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɨʀɡ ɫɩɬʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɬɭɛɝ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɪɩɠɭɩɧ ɬɛɧɠ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɪɣɬɛɝ ɫɩɬʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɛ ɨɠ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɹ Ɉɠɧɛɾ ɥɫɛɴɣɰ ʀ ɞʀɫɳɣɰ ɝɣɴɣɰ ʀ ɨɣɡɲɣɰ ɧɩɝ Ȼɦɠ ɾ ɧɩɝɛ ɫʀɟɨɩ ɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɺɥɮ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɢɛɧʀɨɣɭɣ ɡɩɟɨɛ ʀɨɳɛ Ƚɩɨɛ ɺɥɨɛɤɥɫɛɴɠ ɪɫɣɬɭɩɬɩɝɛɨɛ ɟɩ ɪɬɣɰɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɮ ɧɣɬɦɠɨɨɺ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɷ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɇɩɝɛ ɫʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ʀ ɨɛɤɝɠɦɣɲɨʀɳɛ ʀ ɨɛɤɬɝɺɭʀɳɛ Ȼ ɭɩɤ ɰɭɩ ɢɨɠɝɛɡɛɾ ʁʁ ɤ ɱɮɫɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɩɜɥɫɛɟɛɾ ʀ ɬɠɜɠ ʀ ɬɝʀɤ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɋʀɟɨɛ ɧɩɝɛ ³ ɱɠ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭ ɫɩɢɮɧɩɝɩʁ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɪɩ ɪɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɪɩɥɩɦʀɨɷ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɋɩɢɝɣɝɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɾ ɤ ɬɝɩɹ ɧɩɝɮ ɫɩɜɣɭɷ ʁʁ ɟɩɬɥɩɨɛɦʀɳɩɹ ɜɛɞɛɭɳɩɹ Ȳ ɲɣɧ ɜɛɞɛɭɳɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɭɣɧ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɝɩɨɛ ɩɜɬɦɮɞɩɝɮɾ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɤ ɥɩɡɨɮ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ Ɉɛɳɛ ɧɩɝɛ ³ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɰ ɧɩɝ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ʌɩɦɣ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɞɩ ɫɩɬʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɛ Ƚ Ʌɦɹɲɠɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɦɣ ´ɚɥ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɝ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɋɮɬʀ"µ ³ ɝʀɨ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɝ ´ɍɛɥ ɺɥ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɹɭɷ ɧɛɦɩɫɩɬɣµ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱʀ Ɋɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɮɲɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɦʀɞɦɩɭ ɇ Ʌɫɛ ɬɮɬɷɥɣɤ ɮ ɪɫɛɱʀ ´ȿɫɠɝɨɩɬɭɷ ɧɛɦɩɫɩɬɬɣɤɬɥɩɞɩ ɺɢɶɥɛµ ɝɣɟɛɨʀɤ ɫɩɥɮ ɝ ɉɟɠɬʀ ɪɣɬɛɝ ´ɂɛɤɧɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɟɩɝɞɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɨɺɧ ɛɫʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɩɝ ɺ ɪɫɣɤɳɩɝ ɟɩ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɬɭɛɫɳɛ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɮɬʀɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɠ ɝɣɥɦɹɲɛɹɲɣ ɭɛɥ ɢɝɛ ɨɩʁ ɬɭɛɫɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɛ ɤ ɝʀɟ ɬɛɨɬɥɫɣɭɬɷɥɩʁ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɩʁ ɦɛɭɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɛɫʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɩɝµ
Ƚɬɭɮɪ
Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɧɩɝɛ ³ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɨɛɤɜɛɞɛɭɳɣɰ ɧɩɝ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ɏ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩ ɧɮ ´Ɍɦɩɝɨɣɥɮ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣµ ɝ ɭɩɧɛɰ ɢɛɫɠɾɬɭɫɩɝɛɨɩ ɪɩ ɨɛɟ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɬɦʀɝ ɮ ´Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɧɮ ɭɦɮɧɛɲɨɩɧɮ ɬɦɩɝɨɣɥɮ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣµ ɝɣɟɛɨɩɧɮ ɨɠɟɛɝɨɩ ɢɛɪɣɬɛɨɩ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɬɦʀɝ Ɉɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɡ ɬɦɩɝɨɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɬɥɦɛɟ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ ɢɛ ɪɫɣɜ ɦɣɢɨɣɧɣ ɪʀɟɫɛɰɮɨɥɛɧɣ ɨɛɦʀɲɮɾ ɨɠ ɧɠɨɳɠ ɪʀɝɧʀɦɷɤɩɨɛ ɦɠɥɬɠɧ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɩ ɲɮɟɩɝɩ ɢɝɮɲɛɭɷ ȼʀɜɦʀɺ ʀ Ⱦɩɧɠɫɩɝɛ ´ɉɟʀɬɬɠɺµ ´ȿɠɥɛɧɠɫɩɨµ ȿɡ ȼɩɥɛɲɲɩ ɤ ´ȿɩɨ Ʌʀɰɩɭµ ɇ Ɍɠɫɝɛɨ ɭɠɬɛ ´Ȱɝɞɠɨʀɤ ɉɨɾɞʀɨµ ɉ Ɋɮɳɥʀɨɛ ʀ ´Ɋɛɨ ɍɛɟɠɮɳµ Ȼ ɇʀɱɥɠɝɣɲɛ ´Ɏ ɪɩɳɮɥɛɰ ɝɭɫɛɲɠɨɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮµ ɇ Ɋɫɮɬɭɛ ɓɠɥɬɪʀɫ ʀ ȿɡɠɥ Ɇɩɨɟɩɨ ɓɩɭɛ ɋɮɬɭɛɝɠɦʀ ʀ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ Ⱦɛɳɠɥ Ɉɠɹ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɭɣ ɬɺɲ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɪʀɬɠɨɷ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɩ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɛɱɷ ɲɮɟɩɝɣɰ ɰɮɟɩɡɨʀɰ ɭɝɩɫʀɝ Ɉɠɧɛ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɪɩɲɮɭɭʀɝ ʀ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɣɰ ɟɮɧɩɥ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɜ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɣɭɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɩɝʀ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɧɛɾ ɬɭɫɮɨɥɮ ɝʀɟɳɦʀɯɩɝɛɨɮ ɢɝɮɥɩɝɮ ɤ ɲʀɭɥɮ ɞɫɛɧɛɭɣɲɨɮ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ Ƚɩɨɛ ɬɪʀɝɮɲɛ ɢɛ ɧɣɦɩɢɝɮɲɨʀɬɭɹ ʁʁ ɢʀɬɭɛɝɦɺɹɭɷ ɢ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɛɦɷɩɝ ɨɣɲɛ ɦɩɞʀɲɨɛ ɮ ɨʀɤ ɧɛɦɩ ɝɣɨɺɭɥʀɝ ɑɠ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɨɛɤɟɩɬɥɩɨɛɦʀɳɣɰ ɧɩɝ ɬɝʀɭɮ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɪɿɞɧɭ ɦɨɜɭ ɣ Ȼɚɬɶɤɿɜɳɢɧɭ Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɹɤɿ ɞɨɛɢɪɚɸɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɪɢ ɳɨɛ ɹɤɧɚɣɬɨɱɧɿɲɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢ ɫɜɨʀ ɞɭɦɤɢ Ɍɝɩɹ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɦɹɜʀɭɷ ɦɹɜʀɭɷ ʁʁ Ƚɩ ɝɫɠɧ·ɺ ɦɹɭɠ ɝ ɩɬɭɛɭɨɹ ɭɺɡɥɮɹ ɧɣɨɮɭɮ ɢɛ ɨɠʁ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɛ ɧɩɦʀɭɷ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ Ɇɹɜɩɝ ɟɩ ȼɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɛ ɜɠɢ ɦɹɜɩɝʀ ɟɩ ɫʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɩɤ ɧɩɡɠ ɩɬɺɞɭɣ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɫɩ ɢɮɧɩɧ ʀ ɬɠɫɱɠɧ ɥɫɛɬɮ ɝɠɦɣɲ ʀ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ȼɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɰɭɩ ɢɜɛɞɨɮɝ ɝʀɟɭʀɨ ɥɣ ʀ ɪɛɰɩɴʀ ɫʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɰɭɩ ɟɩɫɩɡɣɭɷ ɨɣɧ ɺɥ ɲɠɬɭɹ ɫʀɟɨɩʁ ɧɛɭɠɫʀ ɺɥ ɥɩɦɣɬɥɩɹ ɺɥ ɟɩɜɫɣɧ ʀɧ·ɺɧ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɫɩɟɣɨɣ Ƚ Ɍɮɰɩɧɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨ ɬɷɥɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝʀ ɝɣɭɩɨɲɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɞɨɮɲɥɩɬɭʀ ɯɩɫɧ ɨɠ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɛɨʀ ɡɩɟɨʀɤ ʀɢ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɨɣɰ ɧɩɝ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɨɠ ɜʀɟɨɛ ɛɡ ɨʀɺɥ ɨɛ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺ ɛɜɣ ɨɠɹ ɢɛɝɛɡɥɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟɛɭɣ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɮ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯɬɷɥɣɰ ɟɮ ɧɩɥ ʀ ɢɧɛɦɷɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɰɮɟɩɡɨʀ ɩɜɫɛɢɣ ɑɠ ɨɠ ɧɩɝɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɦɹɟɮ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɺɥ ɭɝɠɫɟɺɭɷ ɧɩɬɥɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɨɠɝʀɞɦɛɬɣ ɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɱʀɦɩʁ ɨɛɱʀʁ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɠ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɾ ɺɥɩʁ ʀɴɠ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɮ ɛɦɠ ɲɣɾ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɨɛ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɝ ɫɺɟɮ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɮɡɠ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɛɨɠ ɤ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɢɛɤɨɺɭɠ ɨʀɥɣɧ ʀɨ ɳɣɧ ɇ ȿɫɛɞɩɧɛɨɩɝ Ɉɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɪɩ ɫʀɟɨʀɤ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɨɠ ɲɛɫɮɹɲɣɬɷ
Ɇʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɨɛ ɨɩɫɧɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ
ɝɣɪɦɠɥɛɨɩɹ ɨɛɫɩɟɩɧ ɮ ɝʀɥɛɰ ɫʀɟɨɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ Ƚ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɬɥɛɫɜɮ ɜʀɦɷ ɳɩɞɩ ɺɥ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɩɝɛ ə ɇɮɳɥɠɭɣɥ ɇɩɝɛ ³ ɭɩ ɟɢɠɫɥɛɦɩ ɟɮɳʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɭɩ ɬɝɺɭɣɨɺ ɢ ɥɩɭɫɩɹ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɛ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɧɣɨɮɝɳʀɬɭɷ ɛ ɤ ɜɮɟɮɲɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛ ɫɩɟɮ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɝɛɞɛ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɇ Ɋɩɟɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɋʀɟɨɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɪɩɥɣ ɨɮɭɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɜɠɢ ɬɥɛɦʀɲɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟɮɳʀ ³ ɭɛɥ ɬɛɧɩ ɺɥ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɢɛɧʀɨɺɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɥɣɧ ʀɨɳɣɧ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɳɥʀɫɩɹ Ȳ ɏɫɛɨɥɩ
ȱȱ ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɭɫɧɨʀ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɭ ´ɋʀɟɨɛ ȼɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɛ ɤ ɫʀɟɨɛ ɧɩɝɛ ³ ɨɛɤɟɩɫɩɡɲʀ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀµ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɢɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɭ ɡɚɜɱɿɬɶ ɧɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɶ ɞɟɹɤɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ
2.
ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɪɲ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤɨɸ ɭɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɟɬɨɜɿ ɪɿɞɧɚ ɦɨɜɚ
Ƚɬɠ ɝ ɭɩɜʀ ɢ·ɾɟɨɛɦɩɬɺ ɢɦɣɦɩɬɺ ³ ɚɥ ʀ ɪɩɧʀɬɭɣɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɩɟɨʀɤ ³ ɓɠɪʀɭ ɢɛɲɛɫɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɥɩɦɩɬɬɺ Ɋɩɥɦɣɥ ʀɢ ɥɛɭɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɟɝɩɜʀɤ ɍɣ ɟɛɾɳ ɪɩɠɭɮ ɟɮɡʀ ɥɫɣɦɛ ɔɩ ɪʀɟɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ɝ ɝɣɳɣɨɮ Ƚɲɠɨɩɧɮ ɭɣ ɦɛɞʀɟɨɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɬɭʀ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩʁ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɮ Ȳ ɭɩɜʀ ɫɩɬɭɣ ɤ ɨɠ ɝ·ɺɨɮɭɷ ɢɫɩɟɮ Ʌɝʀɭɮɝɛɭɷ ɝ ɪɩɠɧɛɰ ʀ ɝʀɫɳiɰ ȼɩ ɝ ɭɩɜʀ ³ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ Ɉʀɡɨɛ ʀ ɢɛɧɫʀɺɨɛ ɟɮɳɛ Ƚ Ɍɣɧɩɨɠɨɥɩ
3.
ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɿ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟ ɭɫɧɭ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɱɨɦɭ ɞɿɜɱɢɧɚ ɩɨɱɭɜɚɥɚ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɟɡɚɬɢɲɧɨ
Ɋɩɭɫɩɰɮ ɝɩɨɛ ɩɟɨɛɲɠ ɢɝɣɥɦɛ ɩɜʀɟɛɭɣ ɭɛɥ ɺɥ ʀ ɝɬʀ Ɋɩɭɫɩɰɮ ɤ ɟɩ ɩɟɠɡʀ Ɉɛɭɛɦɺ ɢɝɣɥɦɛ Ȼɦɠ ɨʀɺɥ ɨɠ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɢɝɣɥɨɮɭɣ ɟɩ ɪɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ Ƚɩɨɛ ʁʁ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɩɞɛɨɩ ɫɩ ɢɮɧʀɦɛ ȳɤ ɥɛɢɛɨɩ ɨɛɟʀɭɣ ʀɨɳɮ ´ɹɪɥɮµ ɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɠ ɫɩɢɜɣɫɛɦɛ ɴɩ ɱɠ ɞɩɝɩ ɫɣɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɬɪʀɟɨɣɱɹ ʀ ɝɟɺɞɛɦɛ ɪɛɦɷɭɩ ³ ɭɮ ɹɪɥɮ ɴɩ ɢɝɠɫɰɮ ɝɟɺɞɛɹɭɷ ʁʁ ɪɩɬɣɦɛɨɩ ɝ ´ɲɮɦɛɨµ ɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɤɳɦɛ ɨɛɝɧɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɺɥɮɬɷ ɰɛɭɮ ɜɩ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɦɛ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɩ ʀ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɩ ɭɩɤ ´ɲɮɦɛɨµ ʁɤ ɝɠɦɠɨɩ ɝɲɣɭɣɬɺ ´ɪɫɣɦɠɡɨɩµ ɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɨʀɺɥ ɨɠ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ³ ɨɛɝʀɴɩ ɱɠ ɺɥ ɝɲɣɳɬɺ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɦɠɡɛɭɣ ȿɩɧɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɬɠ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɛ ɟɩɭɠɪɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɭɣ ɢɨɛɦɛ ɜɠɢɦʀɲ ɥɛɢɩɥ ɭɛ ɪʀɬɠɨɷ Ɉʀɰɭɩ ɢ ʁʁ ɪɩɟɫɮɞ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɝʀɟ ɨɠʁ ɨɠ ɝɧʀɝ ɬɪʀɝɛɭɣ ɛ ɥɛɢɥɣ ɩɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɲɣ ɝɩɨɛ ɞɩɦɩɬɩɧ ɬɣɦɥɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɭɣɰ ɢɝʀɫʀɝ ɲɣ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɪɫɩ ɺɥɣɰ ɥɛɢɛɦɛ Ȼ ɭɮɭ ɭɮɭ ɝɩɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɠɫɩɢɮɧɨɛ ɜɩ ɨʀɺɥ ɨɠ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɛ ɬɦʀɝ ´ɴɩ ɝ ɥɨɣɢʀ ɪɩɪɣɬɛ ɨɩµ« ȼ Ⱦɫʀɨɲɠɨɥɩ
9
Ƚɬɭɮɪ
4.
ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɿ ɞɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɭ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɜɚɛɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɦɨ ɝɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɧɟɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɿ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɦɨɜɢ
Ɉɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɨɛɳɛ ɾ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɱɠɹ Ƚ ɨʀɤ ɮɬʀ ɭɩɨɣ ɤ ɝʀɟɭʀɨɥɣ ɝɬʀ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɣ ɢɝɮɥʀɝ ɝʀɟ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɰ ɟɩ ɨɛɤɨʀɡɨʀɳɣɰ« ȿɣɝɮɾɳɬɺ ɟɩɫɩɞɩɱʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɧɩɝɣ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɮ ɨʀɤ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɢɝɮɥ ɭɩ ɪɩɟɛɫɮɨɩɥ ɝɬɠ ɥɫɮɪɨɩ ɢɠɫɨɣɬɭɩ ɺɥ ɬɛɧʀ ɪɠɫɦɛ Ȳ ɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ʀɨɳɠ ɬɦɩɝɩ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɟɩɫɩɞɩɱʀɨɨʀɳɠ ɝʀɟ ɬɛɧɩʁ ɫɠɲʀ Ɋɫɣɞɛɟɛɤɧɩ ɭɛɥʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɺɥ ɩɥɬɛɧɣɭ ɪɠɫɦɛ ɨɛɧɣɬɭɩ ɫɮɳɨɣɥ ɰɮɬɭɥɛ ɢɨɛɧɠɨɩ« Ʌɩɡɨɠ ɬɦɩɝɩ ɧɛɾ ɬɝʀɤ ɬɠɨɬ ɬɝɩɹ ɥɫɛɬɮ Ɏ ɧɠɨɠ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɪɩɲɮɭɭɺ ɫɛɟɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɣ ɢɞɛɟɱʀ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɬɦʀɝ ɺɥ ɬɝʀɭɛɨɩɥ ɬɩɨɺɲ ɨɣɤ ɪɫɩɧʀɨɷ ɝɠɬɨɺɨɣɤ ɬɭɫɮɧɩɥ ɞɩɦɮɜɛ ɟɛɦɠɲʀɨɷ ɜɦɛɥɣɭɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɥʀɬɭɷ« Ȼ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɬɦʀɝ ʀɬɨɮɾ ʀ ɢɛ ɥɩɡɨɣɧ ³ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɛ ɬɮɭɷ ʀ ɥɫɛɬɛ Ɏ ɝɠɦɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɧɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɪɛɬʀ ɝɣɜɫɛɭɣ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɠ ɬɦɩɝɩ ³ ɭɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɝɧʀɨ ɨɺ ʀ ɨɛɝɪɛɥɣ ɺɥɴɩ ɝɣ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɾɭɠɬɺ ɬɦɩɝɩɧ ɨɠɭɩɲɨɣɧ ɭɩ ɱɠ ɝɦɛɬɨɠ ɭɠ ɬɛɧɠ ɥɩɦɣ ɜ ɢɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟɭɩɲɠɨɩɞɩ ɩɦʀɝɱɺ ɨɛ ɮɫɩɱʀ ɧɛɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɣ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛ ɦɣɬɺ ɜ ɱɝɺɰɩɧ Ƚ Ɍɮɰɩɧɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɩɨɦɢɥ ɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ
ȿɨʀɪɫɩ ³ ɺɥ ɧɩɝɛ ɇɩɝɩ ɨɛɳɛ ʀ ɋʀɥɩ ɨɛɳɛ Ɉɠɝɣɲɠɫɪɨɛ ɝʀɲɨɛ ɧɩɦɩɟɛ ɺɥ ɝɠɬɨɺɨɠ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɋɛɤɟɮɞɣ ɥɮɪɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ȿɨʀɪɫʀ ɨɠɜɩ ɰɧɛɫɨʀɾ ɝʀɟ ɪɭɛɬɭɝɛ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩ ɝɣɳɨɠɝʀ ɢɩɫʀ ɢɩɫɺɭɷ ɮɞɩɫʀ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɬɭɩɞɨɠ ɝʀɟ ɰɦʀɜʀɝ ɞɫɩɧɣ ɝɣɞɮɫɥɩ ɲɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɟ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɟɹ ɋʀɥɣ ʀ ɬɛɟɥɣ ɝɣɳɨɠɝʀ ɥɩɦɩ ɰɛɭ ʀ ɰɫɮɴʀ ɨɛɟ ɝɣɳ ɨɺɧɣ ʀ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩ ɝ ɨɠɜʀ ɮɬɭɛɾ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɪɬɛɦɩɧ ɢɛɦʀɢɮ ɛ ɨɛɟ ɮɬʀɧ ɧɩɝɛ ɞɫɣɧɣɭɷ ʀ ɳɠɪɩɲɠ ʀ ɨʀɡɨɩ ɦɛɴɣɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɜɮɨɭɮɾɭɷɬɺ« ɇɩɝɩ ɝɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɢɝʀɟɥɣ ɪɫɣɦɠɭʀɦɛ ɺɥ ɭɮɭ ɢɫɩɬɦɛ ɫɩɢɱɝʀɦɛ ɤ ɢɛɫɺɬɨʀ ɦɛ" ɒɣ ɪɣɦɛ ɝɩɟɮ ɢ ȿɨʀɪɫɛ ɲɣ ɥɮɪɛɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɦɛɬɥɛɝɣɰ ɝɩɟɛɰ ɲɣ ɢɦʀɭɛɦɛ ɝ ɨɠɜɩ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɧʀɦɷɤɩɨɩɥɫɣɦɣɧ ɪɭɛɬɭɝɩɧ" ɇɩɝɩ ɍɠɲɠɳ ɝʀɲɨɩ ɤ ɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɺɥ ɋʀɥɛ ´ɍɠɲɠ ɝɩɟɛ ɝ ɬɣɨɾ ɧɩɫɠ ɭɛ ɨɠ ɝɣɭʀɥɛɾ«µ ɂɛ Ɋ ɂɛɞɫɠɜɠɦɷɨɣɧ
ȱȱ əɤ ɜɢ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɽɬɟ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹ Ⱦɧɿɩɪɚ ɡ ɦɨɜɨɸ ɿ ɦɨɜɢ ɡ Ⱦɧɿɩɪɨɦ" ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟ ɭɫɧɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɭ ´Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ȿɨʀɪɫɩ ʀ ɨɛɳɛ ɧɩɝɛµ
6.
Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɤɪɢɥɚɬɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɿɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɿɜ
Ȳ ɲɮɡɩɧɮ ɨɛɮɲɛɤɭɠɬɷ ɤ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɱɮɫɛɤɭɠɬɷ ɱɠ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɛɝ ɨɛɧ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɍɛɫɛɬ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ Ɏ ɫʀɟɨʀɧ ɥɫɛɹ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɟɣɧ ɬɩɦɩɟɥɣɤ ʀ ɥɩɰɛɨɣɤ ɱʀ ɬɦɩ ɝɛ ɬɥɛɢɛɦɛ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ ʁɟɮɲɣ ɝ Ȳɭɛɦʀɹ Ƚɬʀɧ ɬɠɫɱɠɧ ɦɹɜʀɭɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɬɝɩɹ ³ ʀ ɝʀɲɨʀ ɧɣ ɜɮɟɠɧɩ ɢ ɨɠɹ ɭɛɥ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɝɬɺ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɪɩɠɭ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ɍɩɬɹɫɛ ɟɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱʀɝ ɥɩɦɣ ɦɹɜɣɭɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɺɦɩɬɺ
ÏÎÂÒÎÐÅÍÍß
Ɋɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ
§ 2. 7.
Ɋɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɨɜɿ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɜ ɧɶɨɦɭ
Ɋɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɩɨɦɢɥ ɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ Ɋɨɡɞɿɥɨɜɿ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ
ɒɣ ɾ ɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɨɛɳɮ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ" Ȱ Ⱦɮɱɛɦɩ Ɏ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɫɩɢɲɣɨɠɨʀ ɦɣɬɺ ɟɮɰɧɺɨʀ ɝɠɲʀɫɨʀ ɛɫɩɧɛɭɣ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɛɫɥʀɝ ə Ɍɧɩ ɝʀɥɨɛ ɴɠɟɫɩ ɬɩɲɣ ɦɣɲ ɓɮɧɣɭɷ ʀ ɳɠɪɲɠ ʀ ɭɫɣɝɩɡɣɭɷ ɢɫɛɟɦɣɝɣɤ ɟɩɴ ʀɢ ɢɛ ɥɮɭɥɛ ɇ ɋɣɦɷ ɬɷɥɣɤ Ȳ ɢɛɜɮɟɠɭɷɬɺ ɝɬɠ ʀ ɧɩɫɩɢɣ ʀ ɦɹɭɛ ɢɛɝʀɺ Ʌ ɉɝɠɫɲɠɨɥɩ Ƚɣ ɟɢɝɠ ɨʀɭɷ ɢɩɢɮɦɷɥɣ ɫɛɨɩ Ɋ ɍɣɲɣɨɛ Ɇɛɬɭʀɝɥɣ ɦʀɭɛɹɭɷ ɨɛɟ ɝɩɟɩɹ ʀ ɲɠɫɠɧɰɣ ɝ·ɾɭɷɬɺ ɜʀɦɣɤ ɟɣɧ Ȱ Ⱦɮɱɛɦɩ Ƚɡɠ ɟɠɨɷ ɢɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɣɝɣɧ ʀ ɜɠɢɬɣɦɣɧ ʀ ɟɩ ɧɦʀɝɛɾ ɝ ɢɛɫɩɬɭɺɰ ɫʀɥɛ Ƚ Ɍɣɧɩɨɠɨɥɩ
ɔɩ ɭɛɥɠ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ" ɚɥʀ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ ɢɛ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɦɹ ɝɛɨɨɺ" ɚɥʀ ɾ ɞɩɦɩɝɨʀ ɲɦɠɨɣ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɨɛ ɺɥʀ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɝʀɟɪɩ ɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ" ɚɥʀ ɾ ɟɫɮɞɩɫɺɟɨʀ ɲɦɠɨɣ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ" ɚɥʀ ɲɦɠɨɣ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɩɟɨɩɫʀɟɨɣɧɣ" Ɏ ɺɥɣɰ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɛɰ ɬɭɛɝɦɺɭɷ ɥɩɧɣ ɧʀɡ ɩɟɨɩ ɫʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɲɦɠɨɛɧɣ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ" ɚɥʀ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɩɝʀ ɢɨɛɥɣ ɬɭɛɝɦɺɭɷ ɺɥɴɩ ɝ ɫɠɲɠɨɨʀ ɪɫɣ ɩɟɨɩɫʀɟɨɣɰ ɲɦɠɨɛɰ ɾ ɮɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɹɝɛɦɷɨɠ ɬɦɩɝɩ" ɚɥ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɫɠɲɠɨɨʀ" ɚɥʀ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɣ ɧɣ" ɚɥ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷ ɪɫɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɬɥɦɛɟɨʀ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ"
ɋɠɲɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɩɝʀ ɢɨɛɥɣ ɝ ɨɷɩɧɮ
8.
ɉɨɞɚɧɿ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɡɚ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ
ȿɩɬɭɣɞɛɹɭɷ ɺɜɦɮɥɛ ɝ ɬɛɟɮ Ɋɩɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɤ ɭɣɰɩ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɬɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɮ ɪɩɝ ɨɣɰ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɬɭɠɪɛɰ Ƚɣ ɲɮɾɭɠ ɪʀɬɨɹ" ɍɩ ɢɨɩɝ ɡɮɫɛɝɦʀ ɝɬɠ ɨɠɜɩ ɥɦɹɲɛɧɣ ɨɛɥɫɣɦɣ ʀ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɢɨɣɥɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɬʀɫʀɤ ʀɧɦʀ Ɉɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɟɩɲɠɥɛɝɬɺ ɺ ɭɠɜɠ ɬɪɩ ɥʀɤɨɛ ɟɨɣɨɩ ɂ ɭɝ ɉ Ɇɮɪʀɺ Ɇɛɬɭʀɝɩɲɥɛ ɪɫɣɦɠɭʀɦɛ ɛɡ ɟɩ ɧɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɝʀɥɨɛ Ɋ ɍɣɲɣɨɛ
9.
ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɨɜɿ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɢɯ ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ
ɂɛɪɛɰɦɛ ɩɬʀɨɷ ɝ·ɺɦɣɧ ɭɹɭɹɨɩɧ ɭɛ ɺɜɦɮɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɭɩɨɥɣɧ ɭɮɧɛɨɩɧ ɇ ɋɣɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ Ɏɬɠ ɝ ɲɠɥɛɨɨʀ ɬɪʀɦʀ ɥɫɛɪɦʀ ɫɩɬ ɢɠɧɦɺ ʀ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ɝɣɳɨʀ ʀ ɭɩ ɪɩɦʀ ȼ ɉɦʀɤɨɣɥ ɂɠɧɦɺ ʀ ɝɩɟɛ ʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɝɬɠ ɪɩɬɨɮɦɩ Ƚɮɢɠɨɷɥɛ ɬɭɠ ɡɠɲɥɛ ɴɠɢɛɦɛ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɩʁ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɛɜɩ ɰɩɝɛɦɛɬɷ ɪʀɟ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɩɧ ɬɥɠɦʀ ɂ ɭɝ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɇɛɬɛ ɥʀɳɥɛ ɟɩ ɫɣɜɣ ɭɛ ɝ ɝɩɟɮ ɦʀɢɭɣ ɨɠ ɰɩɲɠ Ɉɛɫ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɷ Ɍɣɟɣɭɷ ɝɩɫɩɨ ɨɛ ɧɩɞɣɦʀ ɭɛ ɢ ɞɩɦɩɟɮ ɥɫɺɲɠ ɍ ɓɠɝ ɲɠɨɥɩ ɒɩɧɮ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɜɩʁɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɬɝʀɭɨʀɤ ɭɮɧɛɨ ʀ ɭʀɥɛɾ ɝ ɭɛɾɧɨʀ ɧʀɡɞʀɫ·ɺ" Ɍ ɒɠɫɥɛɬɠɨɥɩ
10. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɪɨɡɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢ ɦɿɠ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɩɭ ɳɟɧɿ ɤɨɦɢ
ɂ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɟɮɧɛɤ ɺɥɣɤ ɜɮɟɠ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ Ɉɠ ɪɩɧɣɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɩɤ ɰɭɩ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɫɩɜɣɭɷ Ɉɠɢɨɛɤɥɩ ɨɛ ɪɠɲʀ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɛ ɢɨɛɤɥɩ ɪɩ ɟɩɫɩɢʀ ɜʀɡɣɭɷ ȿɠ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɢ ɟʀɦɩɧ ɫɩɢɰɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɭɛɧ ɨɠɪɩɫɺɟɥɣ ɝɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɂ ɪʀɬɨʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɠ ɝɣɥɣɟɛɹɭɷ ʀ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɝɬɭɛɝɦɺɹɭɷ Ɇɹɟɣ ɪɫɩ ɨɛɬ ɞɩɝɩɫɺɭɷ ʀ ɧɣ ɪɫɩ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɨɠ ɧɩɝɲɣɧɩ ȿɢɣʊɛɫ ɮɬɠ ɤɟɠ ʀ ɝɬɠ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ
Ɏɨʀɥɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɭɫɣɬɭɩɫɩɨɨʀɤ ɞɩɟɣɨɨɣɥ ɧ ɍɠɫɨɩɪʀɦɷ Ƚɬɷɩɞɩ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɟɝɛ
Ɋɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ
11. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɥ ɬɭʀɤ ɭɛ ɜɛɲ ɢɨɠɨɛɱɷɥɛ ɜɠɢ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ ɺɥ ɜɮɟɠ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɜɮɟɠ ɜɛɤɟɮɡɠ ʀ ɝɟɠɨɷ ʀ ɝɨɩɲʀ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɰɩɲ ɝɠɫɭɷ ɰɩɲ ɥɫɮɭɷ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɫɩɜɣ ɨʀɴɩ ɨɠ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡɠ ɪɫɩɤɭɣ Ʌɫɣɧ ʀ ɋɣɧ ʀ ɧʀɟɨʀ ɭɫɮɜɣ ɢɛɢɨɛɭɣ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɨʀ ɬʀɦɩ ɨʀ ɝɪɛɦɩ ɜɠɢɪʀɟɬɭɛɝɨɩ ɨɠɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɩ ɬʀɧ ɧʀɳɥʀɝ ɞɫɠɲɛɨɩʁ ɝɩɝɨɣ ʀ ɝɬʀ ɨɠɪɩɝɨʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɛɤɝɩɞɩ ɜɠɢɞɦɮɢɟɩɞɩ
§ 3*.
Ʌɟɤɫɢɤɚ ȿʀɢɨɛɤɬɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ
ɔɩ ɭɛɥɠ ɦɠɥɬɣɥɛ" ɔɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɦɠɥɬɣɲɨɣɧ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɬɦɩ ɝɛ" ɚɥ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɭʀ ɬɦɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɮ ɺɥɣɰ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɦɠɥɬɣɲɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɬɦʀɝ" ɚɥʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɩɟɨɩɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɛ ɺɥʀ ³ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɢɨɛɲɨʀ" ɔɩ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɪɫɺɧɩɧɮ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨʀ ɛ ɴɩ ³ ɝ ɪɠɫɠɨɩɬɨɩɧɮ" ɚɥʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɩɧɩɨʀɧɛɧɣ" ɚɥʀ ³ ɛɨɭɩɨʀɧɛɧɣ" ɔɩ ɭɛɥɠ ɬɣɨɩ ɨʀɧɣ" ȿɦɺ ɲɩɞɩ ɝ ɧɩɝʀ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨʀ ɬɣɨɩɨʀɧɣ" ɚɥ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɬɣɨɩɨʀɧɛɧɣ" ɚɥʀ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɢɛ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ" ɒɣ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɲɣɧɩɬɷ ɢɛɪɩɢɣɲɠɨʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɝʀɟ ɨɠɢɛɪɩɢɣɲɠɨɣɰ" ɚɥʀ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɢɛ ɝɡɣ ɝɛɨɨɺɧ" ɚɥʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɠɩɦɩɞʀɢɧɛɧɣ ɛ ɺɥʀ ³ ɛɫɰɛʁɢɧɛɧɣ" ɚɥʀ ɬɦɩɝɩɬɪɩɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɭʀɤɥɣɧɣ" ɔɩ ɭɛɥɠ ɥɫɣɦɛɭʀ ɝɣ ɬɦɩɝɣ" ɚɥʀ ɬɦɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ ɝɣ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ" 12. ɍ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɩɿɞɦɟɬɢ ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɢ ʀɯ ɞɨɛɢɪɚɥɢ Ʌɩɡɨɣɤ « ɨɛ ɬɝɩɹ ɧɩɟɮ ɥɫɛɾ ȼɠɢ ɥɩɪɣɦɛ ʀ « ɲɩɜɩɭɣ ɨɠ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɷ ɚɥɣɤ « ɭɛɥɛ ɤ ɲɠɫɠɟɛ « ɥɦɠɪɦɠ ɪɩɥɣ ɭɠɪɦɠ Ʌɠɪɬɷɥɣɤ ɭɩ « ɴɩ ɝ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɰɛɭʀ ɢɧɩɥɨɠ ɚɥɣɤ « ɭɛɥɛ ɤ ɥɩɬɛ ɂɨɛɨɨɺ « ɨɠ ɝɥɫɛɟɠ ȿɫɮɡ ɨʀɤ ɲɠɫɠɟʀ « ɨɠ ɬɭɫɛɳɨɣɤ « ɨɠ ɝɬɠ ɥɛɡɠ ɴɩ ɢɨɛɾ ɛ ɟɮɫɨɣɤ ɨɠ ɝɬɠ ɢɨɛɾ ɴɩ ɥɛɡɠ Ɍɦɩɝɛ ɟɦɺ ɝɬɭɛɝɩɥ ɥɩɬɛɫ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫ ɧɮɟɫɣɤ ɪɛɬɭɮɰ ɝɩɝɥ ɥɩɝɛɦɷ ɥɫɛ ɝɠɱɷ ɳɝɠɱɷ ɢɦɩɟʀɤ
ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɟɦɺ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ
ȿʀɢɨɛɤɬɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ
Ɇɠɥɬɣɥɛ
13*. Ⱦɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɞɨɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɿɡ ɞɭɠɨɤ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɬɚɤ ɳɨɛ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ Ɋɩɪɠɫɠɟɡɛɭɣ ɢɛɪɩɜʀɞɛɭɣ ɦɣɰɩɝʀ ɪɫɩ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɮ ɋɛɰɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɝɛɡɛ ɭɣ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɣɧ ɞɫɩɳʀ Ʌɫɩʁɭɣ ɥɫɛɺɭɣ ɰɦʀɜ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɮ Ƚɦɛɬɨɣɥ ɝɩɦɩ ɟɛɫ ɥɮɜɥɛ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ ɂɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɢɟʀɜɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɪɩɟɝɣɞ ɟɩ ɨɛɮɥ ɋɩɜɩɲɣɤ ɫɩɜʀɭɨɣɲɣɤ ɞɮɫɭɩɡɣɭɩɥ ɩɟɺɞ ɋʀɟɥɣɤ ɫʀɟɥʀɬɨɣɤ ɦʀɬ ɝɣɪɛɟɩɥ
14. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤɢɯ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɶ ɧɚɛɭɜɚɽ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɞɛɫɨɣɤ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɮɬʀ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɦɣ ɺɥɣɤ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɞɛɫɨɣɤ ɬɭɫɮɨɥɣɤ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɞɫɮɟɣɤ ³ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨʀɤ ɥɫɛɬɠɨɷ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ ɚɥɛ ɞɛɫɨɛ ɟɠɦʀɥɛɭɨɛ ɧɠɦɩɟʀɺ ɒɛɬɩɧ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɞɛɫɨɣɧɣ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɝɦɩɝɦɹɹɭɷ ɴɩ ɡ ɭɩ ɟʀɾɹ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɹ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɂ ɭɝ ɇɛɫɥɛ Ƚɩɝɲɥɛ Ɉɩɝɣɨɮ ɞɛɫɨɮ ɪɫɣɝɠɢɦɛ ɝɛɧ ɂ ɇɩɫɩɢ Ƚɬɠ ɭɠ ɬɭɛɦɩɬɷ ɝ ɭɠɪɦɮ ɞɛɫɨɮ ɪɩɩɜʀɟɨɹɹ ɞɩɟɣɨɮ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ Ⱦɛɫ ɨɣɤ ɬɣɨ ɭɣɰɣɤ ɫɩɜɩɭɺɴɣɤ Ɋɩɜɛɲɣɝ ɨɛɟ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɢɛɨɠɬɠɨɮ ɫɮɥɮ ɤ ɪɩɲɮɝ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɞɛɫɨɣɤ ɮɟɛɫ ɝ ɭʀɧ·ɺ ɴɩ ɝɣɪɮɬɭɣɝ ɥɛɨɛɭɛ ɂ ɭɝ ə ɚɨɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ
15. ȱ Ⱦɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɿɧɲɨɦɨɜɧɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɞɨɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɢ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɭ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɭ ɜ ɬɨɦɭ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ
ɇɩɧɠɨɭ ɪɠɟɛɞɩɞ ɛɫɩɧɛɭɨɣɤ ɞɫɛɝʀɤ ɛɦɯɛɝʀɭ ɦɩɢɮɨɞ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭ ɪʀɦɩɭ ɥɩɨɭɮɫ ɞʀɞɛɨɭ ɛɥɭɩɫ Ɍɣɨɩɨʀɧɣ ɛɜɠɭɥɛ ɛɫɭɣɬɭ ɝɠɦɠɭɠɨɷ ɞɛɬɦɩ ɟɮɰɧɺɨɣɤ ɦɷɩɭɲɣɥ ɧɣɭɷ ɩɜɫɣɬ ɩɜɫʀɤ ɫʀɨɷ** ɮɲɣɭɠɦɷ
II. Ɂ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɞɿɛɪɚɧɢɯ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ 16. ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ȼɮɦɩ ɱɠ ɺɥɩɬɷ ɮɦʀɭɥɮ ɝɝɠɲɠɫʀ Ɋɩɬɠɫɠɟ ɟɝɩɫɮ ɨɛ ɥɩɦɩɟɥɛɰ ɬɣɟʀɦɣ ɝɬʀ ɨɛɳʀ ɭɛɭɩ ɤ ɧɛɧɛ ɬɭɛɫɳɛ ɨɛɳɛ ɬɠɬɭɫɛ ʀ ɟɠɰɭɩ ɢ ɬɮɬʀɟʀɝ Ⱦɩɧɩɨʀɝ ɧʀɡ ɨɣɧɣ ɤ ɟʀɟ« Ȼ ɺ ɥɫɮɞɩɧ ɟɝɩɫɮ ɨʀɜɣ ɭɩɤ ɩɜ·ʁɡɟɲɣɥ ɰɝɣɱɛɹɲɣɬɷ ʀ ɭɩɨɠɨɷɥɩ ʀɫɡɮɲɣ ɞɛɨɺɹ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɬɭɛɨɥɮ ɨɛ ɰɝɩɫɩɬɭɣɨʀ Ȼ ɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɟʀɭɣ ɺɥ ɞɛɦɣɲ** ɢɜɣɦɣ ɺɫɧɛ ɫɩɥ ɥɩɦɩ ɺɧɣ ɴɩ ɫɩɧɛɳɛɧɣ** ɭɛ ɥɫɩɪɣɝɩɹ ɪɩɢɛɫɩɬɭɛɦɛ ɝ ɟɝɩɫʀ ɮ ɨɛɬ ɪɩ ɲɛɦɣ ɥɩɪɛɭɣ ɞɦɣɨɣɴɠ** Ɍɭɫɣɜɛɹɭɷ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɺɧɮ ʀ ɝ ɺɧɮ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɪɰɛɹɭɷ ɬɣɪɦɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɠɧɦɠɹ ɺɥ ɜɩɫɩɳɨɩ ɧ·ɺɥɩɹ ɞɛɦɛɬɮɹɭɷ ɞɠɭɷ ɞɠɭɷ ɦɮɨɛ ɰɩɟɣɭɷ Ɏ ɟɝɩɫʀ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɺɫɧɛɫɩɥ ɴɩ ɢɛ ɧɛɦɣɧɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɲɮɹɭɷ ³ ɍɛ ɝɞɛɧɮɤɭɠɬɷ Ɉɠ ɥɫɣɲʀɭɷ Ɉɠ ɥɛɢʀɭɷɬɺ ³ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɤ ɲɮɭɣ ɫɛɢ ɪɩ ɫɛɢ ɢ ɥɩɦɩɟɩɥ« ȿɛɦʀ ɟɩ ɟʀɟɛ ³ ɐɩɲ ɜɣ ɝɣ ɟʀɟɮ ɪɩɫɩɜɣɦɣ ʁɧ ɴɩ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɴɩɜ ɝɩɨɣ ɰɩɲ ɨɛ ɲɛɬɣɨɮ ɪɫɣ ɧɩɝɥɦɣ ³ ɚ ʁɧ ɪɩɫɩɜɦɹ ɚ ʁɰ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɝ ɪɩɫɩɬɺɭ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɥɣɟɛɹ ³ ɡɛɫɭɮɾ ɟʀɟ
Ɋɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ
Ȼ ɨɛɧ ɴɠ ɝɠɬɠɦʀɳɠ ɝʀɟ ɭɩɞɩ Ɉɛ ɪɩɟɝʀɫ·ʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɭɠɧɨɩ ɛ ɟɛɦʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɩ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ ɝɣɟɨʀɭɣ ɍʀ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɥɩɦɩɟ ɥɛɰ ɬɣɟʀɦɣ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ ɪɫɣɧɩɝɥɦɣ ʀ ɟɣɝɣɦɣɬɷ ɮɬʀ ɝ ɩɟɣɨ ɜʀɥ ɂɛ ɨɛɳɣɧ ɟɝɩɫɩɧ ɭɠɧɨʀɦɣ ɞɩɫɩɟɣ ɢɛ ɞɩɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɝɠɫɜɣ ɫɺɟɛɧɣ ɢ ɟɩɦɣɨɣ ɝɠɫɰ ɛɡ ɟɩ ɨɠɜɛ ɪɩ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɦɣ ɛ ɞɠɭɷ ɞɠɭɷ ɢɛ ɝɠɫɜɛɧɣ ɟɠ ɝɟɠɨɷ ɺɥ ɧɩɫɠ ɥɝʀɭɮɝɛɦɛ ɪɳɠɨɣɱɺ ʀ ɢɝʀɟɥʀɦɷ ɮɝɠɲɠɫʀ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ʁʁ ɟɮɰ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɣɝ ɭɛɧ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩ ɲɠɫɝɩɨʀɦɩɬɺ ɨʀɜɣ ɟɠɬɷ ɮ ɪɩɦʀ ɝɩɞɩɨɷ ɪɛɬɭɮɰɣ ɫɩɢɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ³ Ȼɨɟɫʀɤɥɮ ɞɩɝ ³ ɞɮɥɛɾ ɟʀɟ« ɚ ɰɦɷɩɬɥɛɹ ɜɛɭʀɡɥɩɧ ʀɢ ɝɛɦɮ** ɬɝɩɞɩ ɝɩɫɩɨɩɞɩ ɤ ɳɮɧɦɹ ɟɩ ɟʀɟɛ ³ Ƚɣ ɟʀɟɮ ɥɦɣɥɛɦɣ ɧɠɨɠ" ³ Ȳɟɣ ɬɹɟɣ ³ ȿʀɟ ɜɠɫɠ ɧɠɨɠ ɨɛ ɫɮɥɣ ɺ ɬɪɠɫɳɮ ɪɫɮɲɛɹɬɷ ɜɩɹɬɺ ɴɩ ɟʀɟ ɧɠɨɠ ɟɩɞɩɫɣ ɟɫɣʊɩɧ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɭɷ ȿʀɟ ɜɠɫɠ ɬɣɦɩɹ ³ ȿɣɝɣɬɷ ³ ɲɣ ɜɛɲɣɝ ɭɣ ɭɛɥɠ ɢɛ ɦʀɬɩɧ ɢɛ ɪɫɛɦʀɬɩɧ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɟʀɡɛ ɬɰɩɟɣɭɷ" ɚ ɪɫɣɧɩɝɥ ȿɛɦʀ ɺɥ ɨɠ ɢɛɥɫɣɲɮ ɺɥ ɨɠ ɢɛɞɛɦɛɬɮɹ ³ Ȼɤ ɺɤ ɺɤ ȿɣɝʀɭɷɬɺ ɔɩ ɝɩɨɩ ɭɛɥɠ" ɂɛ Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɲɠɨɥɩɧ
ȱȱ ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɳɨɫɶ ɿ ɡ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɜɿ ɞɭ ɞɨɞɚɣɬɟ ɣɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɭ
17. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɜɿɞɨɦɢɯ ɱɢ ɧɟ ɡɨɜɫɿɦ ɜɿɞɨɦɢɯ ɜɚɦ ɫɥɿɜ Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɭɫɧɨ
ȿɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɥɠɫɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɝɨɣɧɣ ɢɛɥɩɨɛɧɣ Ȳ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɣɤ ɢ ʁʁ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ³ Ʌɩɨɬɭɣɭɮɱʀɺ Ɏ Ʌɩɨɬɭɣɭɮɱʀʁ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɭɛ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɺɨ ʀ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɺɨɛɧɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɭɠɡ ɧɛɾ ɬɝɩɹ Ʌɩɨɬɭɣɭɮɱʀɹ Ɏ ɨʀɤ ɡɣɭɭɺ ʀ ɢɟɩɫɩɝ·ɺ ɲɠɬɭɷ ʀ ɞʀɟ ɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɩɡɨɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɩɹ ɱʀɨɨʀɬɭɹ Ɉʀɲɩɞɩ ɱʀɨɨʀɳɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɨɠɧɛɾ Ɏɬʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɾ ɫʀɝɨɣɧɣ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɫɛɝɛɰ Ȳ ɪɫɩ ɢɛɰɣɬɭ ɱɣɰ ɪɫɛɝ ɧɛɾ ɟɜɛɭɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ Ⱦɫɩɧɛɟɺɨɣ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɨɠɮɰɣɦɷɨɩ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ Ʌɩɨɬɭɣɭɮɱʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɭɛ ʁʁ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ɳɛɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɫɛɝɛ ʀ ɬɝɩɜɩɟɣ ɲɠɬɭɷ ʀ ɞʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ʁɰɨʀɤ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺ ɢɩɥ ³ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɭɣ ɱʀɦʀɬɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɟɜɛɭɣ ɪɫɩ ʁʁ ɟɩɜ ɫɩɜɮɭ Ʌɩɨɬɭɣɭɮɱʀɺ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɾ ɴɩ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɾ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɧɩɝɛ ȳʁ ɧɛɾ ɢɨɛɭɣ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɺɨɣɨ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ʌɩɨɬɭɣɭɮɱʀɹ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɲɠɫɝɨɺ ɫɩɥɮ ɑɣɧ ɛɥɭɩɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɩ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɺɥ ɬɮɝɠ ɫɠɨɨɮ ʀ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ȿɠɨɷ ɪɫɣɤ ɨɺɭɭɺ Ʌɩɨɬɭɣɭɮɱʀʁ ɬɭɛɝ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷ ɳɣɰ ɬɝɺɭ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ
ȿʀɢɨɛɤɬɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ
Ɇɠɥɬɣɥɛ
18. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɂɛ ɬɦɩɝɩɧ ɮ ɥɣɳɠɨɹ ɨɠ ɦʀɢɭɣ ɜɮɭɣ ɟɩɭɠɪɨɣɧ ʀ ɧɠɭɥɣɧ ɮ ɫɩɢɧɩɝʀ ɜɣɬɭ ɫɣɤ ɨɛ ɬɦɩɝɩ ɟɩɭɠɪɨɣɤ ɥɧʀɭɦɣɝɣɤ ɟɛɫ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɢɟɛɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɫɛɬɣɝɩ ɫɩɢɮɧ ɨɩ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɜɣɭɣ ɬɦɩɝɩɧ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɦɹɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɦɮɲɨɩ ɟɩɳɥɮɦɷɨɩ ɞɩɬɭɫɣɤ ɨɛ ɺɢɣɥ ɟɩɭɠɪɨɣɤ ɡɛɦɣɭɣ ɺɢɣɥɩɧ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɟɩɳɥɮɦɺɭɣ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɭɣ ɺɢɣɥ ɢɛ ɢɮɜɛɧɣ ɜɮɭɣ ɬɭɫɣɧɛɨɣɧ ɮ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɦɹɝɛɨɨɺɰ ɧɩɝɲɛɭɣ ɝɢɺɭɣ ɝɭɺɧ ɥɣ ɮɬɝʀɟɩɧɣɭɣ ɢɜɛɞɨɮɭɣ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ȱ ɉɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɍɠɥɬɭ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɫɠɲɠɨɷ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɣɰ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɹ ɭɠɧɩɹ ɤ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɹ ɟɮɧɥɩɹ ɋɠɲɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɩɟɨɠ ɢɛ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɮ ɲɛɬɩɝʀɤ ɛɜɩ ɦɩɞʀɲɨʀɤ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɛɥ ɴɩ ɥɩɡɨɠ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɠ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɾ ɟɩɪɩɝɨɹɾ ɛɜɩ ɮɭɩɲɨɹɾ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɾ ɋɠɲɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɬɪɩɦɮɲɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɢɛ ɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɝɡɣɭɣɧɣ ɢɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɮɡɠ ɨɛɢɝɛɨɣɰ ɫɠɲɠɤ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺɧ ɭɣɰ ɬɛɧɣɰ ɛɜɩ ɬɣɨɩɨʀɧʀɲɨɣɰ ɨɛɢɝ Ɏ ɱʀɦʀɬɨɩɧɮ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷ ɝɬɭɮɪ ɢɛɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɮ ɲɛɬ ɭɣɨɮ ʀ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɫɩɢɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɣɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɍ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɿ ɚ ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ² ɩɭɛɥɿɰɢɫɬɢɱɧɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ" Ɉɛɝɨɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɭ ɤɥɚɫɿ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɭ ɨɛɨɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɿɜ Ɂɚ ɰɢɦɢ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡɪɚɡɤɚɦɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɜɥɚɫɧɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ ɭ ɜɚɲɿɣ ɲɤɨɥɿ ɱɢ ɤɥɚɫɿ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɜɿɞɨɦɢɯ ɜɚɦ ɫɥɿɜ ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɨɜɢɯ ɡɧɚɤɿɜ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ
Ɉɛɬɭɫʀɤ ɮ ɧɠɨɠ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɣɤ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɦʀɭɨʀɰ ɥɛɨʀɥɮɦ ɧɣ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɢʀ ɜɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɥɦɛɬʀ Ʌɩɡɨɩɧɮ ɰɩɭʀɦɩɬɺ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ɪɫɩ ɨɛɤɱʀɥɛɝʀɳɠ ɪɩ ɟʀɦɣɭɣɬɺ ɬɪɩɞɛɟɛɧɣ ɺɥ ɪɫɩɤɳɦɩ ɦʀɭɩ Ɉɛ ɝɠɦɣɥʀɤ ɪɠɫɠɫɝʀ ɟɩ ɨɛɬ ɪʀɟʀɤɳɩɝ ɥɦɛɬɨɣɤ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɥ Ƚʀɨ ɫɩɢɪɣɭɮ ɝɛɝ ɰɭɩ ɲɣɧ ɢɛɤɧɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɛɥɛɱʀɺɰ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɢɛɡɛɟɛɝ ɴɩɜ ɧɣ ɪɩɥɛɢɛɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ
Ɋɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ
ɢɛɪɣɬɨɣɥɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛɱʀɥɛɝɣɝ ɧʀɤ ɢɩɳɣɭ Ƚɲɣɭɠɦɷ ɮɝɛɡɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɟɣ ɝɣɝɬɺ ɤɩɞɩ ʀ ɧɩɝɣɝ ɟɩ ɪɫɣɬɮɭɨʀɰ ³ ɉɬɷ ɟʀɭɣ ɪɫɠɥɫɛɬɨɣɤ ɢɫɛɢɩɥ ɺɥ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɢɛɪɣɬɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɮ ɭɝɩɫ ɲʀɬɭɷ ³ Ȳ ɝʀɨ ɪʀɟɨɺɝ ɨɛɟ ɞɩɦɩɝɩɹ ɧɩɞɩ ɢɩɳɣɭɛ ³ ɋɛɟɡɮ ɝɛɧ ɝɬʀɧ ɩɢɨɛɤɩ ɧɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɛɧɣ ɥɩɭɫʀ ɢʀɜɫɛɝ ɝɛɳ ɩɟɨɩɥɦɛɬɨɣɥ ɂɝɠɫɨʀɭɷ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɴɩ ɢɛɪɣɬɣ ³ ɛ ɭɮɭ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝ·ɺ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɥɛɢɥɣ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɛ ɧɠɭɠɩɫɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɩɜɫɺɟɣ ³ ɬɭɩ ɬɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɛɝɨɣɨɣ ɑɠ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɱʀɨɨɩ ɜɩ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭʀ ɦɣɳɠ ɦʀɭɨʀɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɠ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ Ƚʀɟʀɤɟɮɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ ʀ ɧɣ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɧɩ ɢ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ« ɑɠ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨʀ ɪɠɫɦɣɨɣ ɯɩɦɷɥɦɩɫɮ ɤ ɠɭɨɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɧɣ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɦɣ ɪɫɩ ɢɧʀɬɭ ɱɣɰ ɭɠɫɧʀɨʀɝ ɭɩ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɷ ɢɮɪɣ ɨɣɝɬɺ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɨʀɳɠ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɚɥ ɧɣ ɟɩɝʀɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɯɩɦɷɥɦɩɫ ³ ɱɠ ɭɛɥɛ ɨɛɮɥɛ ɴɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɾ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɮ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɷ ɪʀɬɨʀ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɣ ɥɛɢɥɣ ɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɥɛɢɣ ɀɭɨɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɮɾ ɟɛɝɨʀɤ ɪɩɜɮɭ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɺɥ ɡɣɦɣ ʀ ɲɣɧ ɢɛɤɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɦɹɟɣ ɑɠ ³ ɡɣɭɦɩ ɩɟɺɞ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɛ ɧɠɟɣɱɣɨɛ ʀ ɥɮɦʀɨiɫʀɺ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤɨʀ ɪɫɩɧɣɬɦɣ ɤ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ɬɝɺɭɛ ɭɛ ɩɜɫɺɟɣ Ƚ Ɍɥɮɫɛɭʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ
ȱȱ ɉɨɞɿɥɿɬɶɫɹ ɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ ɋɜɨʀ ɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȝȓȞȦȖȗ ǻȎȠȎșȥȖț
ɊɀɋɀȿɇɉȽȻ Ɏ ɪ·ɺɭɩɧɮ ɥɦɛɬʀ ɧɣ ɭɩɜɭɩ Ȼɨɟɫʀɤɥɩ Ⱦɛɦɺ ɇɛɫʀɤɥɛ ɉɦɠɨɥɛ ɉɦɠɬɷ Ɋɠɭɫɣɥ Ɍɛɳɥɩ ʀ ɺ ɝɠɦɣ ´ɔɩɟɠɨɨɣɥµ Ɏ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɢɛɪɣɬɮɝɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɜɛɲɣɦɣ ɲɮɦɣ ɤ ɟɮɧɛɦɣ ɑɠ ɝɬʀɧ ɪɩɟɩɜɛɦɩɬɺ Ȼɦɠ ɴɩɟɠɨɨɣɥ ɺɥ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ Ȼɨɟɫʀɤɥɩ ³ ɫʀɲ ɟɠɦʀɥɛɭɨɛ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɛ Ɉɠ ɝɬʀ ɬɰɩɭʀɦɣ ɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɢɛɪɣɬɣ ɟɩ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ´ɔɩɟɠɨɨɣɥɛµ ɍɩɧɮ ɝ ɳɩɬɭɩɧɮ ɥɦɛɬʀ ɧɣ ɟɩ ɨɛɬ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɝɬɺ ɴɠ ɤ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɣɥ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɭɣ ɥɛɢɥɣ ɑʀɥɛɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɞɛɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɪɫɣɞɩɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɨʀɜɣɭɩ ɭɫɛɪ ɦɺɦɣɬɺ ʀɢ ɢɝʀɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɢ ɨɣɧɣ ɍɠɪɠɫ ɧɣ ɨɛɟɮɧɛɦɣ ɬɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɛɦɷɧɛɨɛɰ ȿɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɝʀɤɟɮɭɷ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɥɛɢ ɥɣ ɛ ɤ ɨɛɳʀ ɩɪɩɝʀɟɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɫɳʀ ɫɩɢɟɮɧɣ ɫɠɱɠɨɢʀʁ ɐɭɩ ɴɩ ɢɧɩɡɠ ɇɣ ɰɩɲɠɧɩ ɜɮɭɣ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɧɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ȼɮɟɠɧɩ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɛ ɤ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɾɧɩ ɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɟɮɰɩɝɨʀ ɬɥɛɫɜɣ ȼɩ ɡ ɨɠ ɰɦʀɜɩɧ ɾɟɣɨɣɧ ɡɣɝɠ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɚɥ ɥɛɡɠ ɨɛɳ ɮɲɣɭɠɦɷ Ɋɠɭɫɩ Ȳɝɛɨɩɝɣɲ ɮ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɨɛɬ ɾ ɭɛɦɛɨɭ ɍɫɠɜɛ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɭɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɭɣɬɺ
ȿʀɢɨɛɤɬɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ
ɂɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɜɮɥɝ ʀ ɜɮɟɩɝɛ ɬɦɩɝɛ
20. ɉɨɪɚɞɶɬɟɫɹ ɡɿ ɫɜɨʀɦɢ ɲɤɿɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɲɚɦɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɣ ɜɚɦ ɛɢ ɜɡɹɬɢɫɹ ɡɚ ɭɤɥɚ ɞɚɧɧɹ ɚɥɶɦɚɧɚɯɭ Ⱥ ɜɚɲ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɱɢ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɶɤɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɚɦ ɨɮɨɪɦɢɬɢ ɣɨɝɨ Ɇɨɠɟ ɣ ɱɢʀɫɶ ɛɚɬɶɤɢ ɞɨɥɭɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɰɿɽʀ ɫɩɪɚɜɢ Ⱥ ɳɨɛ ɜɢɣɲɨɜ ɚɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ ɞɨ ɫɢɬɶ ɳɨɛ ɤɨɠɟɧ ɿɡ ɜɚɫ ɩɨɞɚɜ ɞɨ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɛɨɞɚɣ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɬɜɨɪɨɜɿ
Ȼɦɷɧɛɨiɰ ³ ɢɜʀɫɥɛ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɨɩ ɰɮɟɩɡɨʀɰ ʀ ɛɜɩ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɨɣɰ ɭɝɩɫʀɝ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɣɰ ɢɛ ɺɥɩɹ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɩɢɨɛɥɩɹ ɭɠɧɛ ɭɣɲɨɩɹ ɡɛɨɫɩɝɩɹ ʀɟɠɤɨɩ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɷɩɹ ɭɩɴɩ
§ 4*.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɤɜ ɿ ɛɭɞɨɜɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ ȿʀɢɨɛɤɬɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ
Ɉɛ ɴɩ ɝɥɛɢɮɾ ɷ ɟɠɨɷ ɦɷɩɨ " ɚɥʀ ɟɝɛ ɢɝɮɥɣ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɜɮɥɝɣ ʁ ɭɛ ɴ ɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɟɩɴ " Ʌɩɦɣ ɜɮɥɝɣ ɺ ɹ ɾ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɧ·ɺɥʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɰ ʀ ɞɩɦɩɬɨʀ [ɛ] [ɮ] [ɠ] ɢɠɧɦɺ ɦɹɟɣ ɬɣɨɾ " Ȼ ɥɩɦɣ ɜɮɥɝɣ ɺ ɹ ɾ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɟɝɛ ɢɝɮɥɣ ³ [ɤɛ] [ɤɮ] [ɤɠ]" Ʌɩɦɣ ɜɮɥ ɝɩɬɪɩɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɡ ɟɢ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɟɝɛ ɢɝɮɥɣ ɝʀɟɡɣɭɣ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɥɛ " ɚɥɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺɧ" ɚɥɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɹ" ɚɥ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ɤ ɩɬɨɩɝɮ" ɚɥɮ ɲɛɬ ɭɣɨɮ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɥɩɫɠɨɠɧ" ɚɥ ɢɨɛɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɥɩɫʀɨɷ" ɚɥʀ ɲɛɬɭɣ ɨɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬɩɧ ʀ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɩɧ" ɚɥʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɧɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɣɧɣ ɤ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɩɬɥɩɫɩɲɠɨɣɧɣ" 21. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɿʀ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɡɧɚ ɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɬɚ ɛɭɤɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɶ
>ɬɣɨ@ >ɬɣɨǰ@ >ɫɣɬ@ >ɫɣɬǰ@ >ɦɩɧ@ >ɦǰɩɨ@ >ɦɮɥ@ >ɦǰɮɥ@ >ɝɤɮɥ@ >ʀɧɦɛ@ >ɢɠɧ ɦǰɛ@ >ɧɩɤɛ@ >ɩɬɣɨɠ@ >ɬɣɨǰɠ@ >ɬǰʀɤɠ@ >ɝɤɠ@ >ɥɫɛɤ@ >ɥɫɛɤʀɨɛ@ >ʀɟɮ@ >ɤʀɟɮ@ >ɪɦǰɮɳ@ >ɪɦǰɮɳɲ@ >ɳɭɮɥɛ@ >ɳɲɮɥɛ@ >ɝɩɡɮ@ >ɝɩɟɡɮ@ >ɝ·ʀɟɡɣɦɣɤ@
Ɋɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ
22. ɍɜɚɠɧɨ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɹɤ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɬɢ ɛɭɞɨɜɭ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɚɫɚɦɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɽɦɨ ɤɨɪɿɧɶ ɿ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɉɿɫɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣ ɧɨ ɪɨɡɛɟɪɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɋɜɿɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɦ ɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɢɦ ɭ ɩɿɞɪɭɱɧɢɤɭ Ɍɦɩɝɩ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɫɛɨɬɥɫɣɪɱʀɺ
ɉɬɨɩɝɛ Ɋɫɠɯʀɥɬ
Ʌɩɫʀɨɷ
Ɍɮɯʀɥɬ
³ ³ ³ ɪɩ ³ ɪɫɣ ɫɩɢǰʀ
ɜɩɤ ɜ·ʀɤ ɜɩɤ ɜɩɤ ɜɩɤ ɜ·ʀɤ ɜɤ
ɠɱǰ ɱǰ ³ ʀɳɲ ɩɝ ³ ³
ɜɩɾɱɷ >ɜɩɤɠɱǰ@ ɜʀɤɱʀ >ɜ·ʀɤɱǰʀ@ ɢ ɜɩɺɧɣ >ɜɩɤɛɧɣ@ ɪɩɜɩʁɴɠ >ɪɩɜɩɤʀɳɲɠ@ ɜɩɤɩɝɣɤ >ɜɩɤɩɝɣɤ@ ɪɫɣɜʀɤ >ɪɫɣɜ·ʀɤ@ ɫɩɢʀɜ·ɹɭɷ >ɫɩɢǰʀɜɤɮɭǰ@
ɂɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ
³ ʀ ɛɧɣ ɠ ɣɤ ³ ɮɭǰ
23. Ɂɚ ɡɪɚɡɤɨɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ɡ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨʀ ɜɩɪɚɜɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɛɭɞɨɜɭ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɿɞɧɟɧɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ
Ƚʀɫɛ ɟɩɝʀɫ·ɺ ɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɥɛ ɝʀɫɹ ɟɩɝʀɫɺɹ ɪɩɝʀɫɣɧɩ ɋɩɢɜɮɟɩɝɛ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ ɪɩɜɮɟɮɹ ɜɮɟɮɾɧɩ ɢɜɮɟɮɤ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɋɮɰ ɫɮɰɛɹɭɷ ɫɮɳʀɤ ɝɣɫɮɳɣɭɷ ɪɩɫɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɨɠɫɮɰɩɧɣɤ
24. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɤɨɥɢɫɤɨɜɭ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɿɣ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɿɡ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɚɦɢ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚ ɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɨɧɢ ɧɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ
Ɋɩɝʀɳɮ ɺ ɥɩɦɣɬɩɲɥɮ ɨɛ ɟɮɜɩɲɥɮ Ɇɹɦʀ ɦɹɦʀ ɢɛɬɨɣ ɪɩɬɪɣ ɧʀɤ ɬɣɨɩɲɥɮ ȼɮɟɠ ɝʀɭɫɣɥ ɪɩɝʀɝɛɭɣ Ȳ ɬɣɨɩɲɥɛ ɥɩɦɣɰɛɭɣ ȼɮɟɠ ɬɩɨɠɲɥɩ ɬʀɺɭɣ ɇʀɡ ɦɣɬɭɺɲɥɩɧ ɢɛɞɦɺɟɛɭɣ Ȳ ɬɣɨɩɲɥɛ ɱʀɦɮɝɛɭɣ
Ȳɧɠɨɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
25. ɉɨɞɚɧɢɣ ɥɢɫɬ ɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɩɥɿɲɢɣ ɧɿɠɧɿɲɢɣ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɜɲɢ ɞɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɩɟ ɫɬɥɢɜɿ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɢ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
ȿɩɫɩɞʀ ɧɛɧɩ ɤ ɭɛɭɮ ɇɣ ɢ ɜɫɛɭɩɧ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɝɛɾɧɩ ɝ ɟʀɟɛ ɤ ɜɛɜɣ Ɇʀɭɩ ɺɥ ɥɛɡɮɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɟɩɜɫɠ Ɋɩɞɩɟɛ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɞɫʀɾ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɟɩɴ ɪɩɥɫɩɪɣɭɷ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɝʀɟ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɭɫɛɝɛ ɴɠ ɟɮɡɲɠ ɢɠɦɠɨʀɾ ɤ ɪɩ ɝʀɭɫɺ ɬɭɛɾ ɪɛɰɮɲɣɧ ɨɛɲɠ ɧɠɟ ɮ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɦɣɝɬɺ ȿʀɟ ʀ ɜɛɜɛ ɢɟɩɫɩɝʀ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɟ ɲɛɬɮ ɟʀɟ ɬɥɛɫɡɣɭɷɬɺ ɴɩ ɤɩɧɮ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɥ ɜɩɦɣɭɷ ȿʀɟ ʀ ɜɛɜɛ ɨɣɢɷɥɩ ɝɛɧ ɥɦɛɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɇɣ ɢ ɜɫɛɭɩɧ ɱʀɦɮɾɧɩ ɝɛɬ ɟɩɫɩɞʀ ɧɛɧɩ ɤ ɭɛɭɮ
26. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɲɬɭɱɧɨ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɤɨɪɿɧɶ ɬɚ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɢ ɿ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ
ɇɣɞɮɦɺ ɧɣɞɛɾ ³ ɝɠɬɷ ɦʀɬ ɪɩɦɺɞɛɾ Ȼ ɝ ɫɩɞɮɦʀ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɥɮɦʀ ɛ ɝ ʀɫɡɣ ɱʀ ³ ɟɝʀ ɒɩɭɣɫɣ ɲɩɭɣɫɥɣ ɟɝʀ ɫɩɢɭɩɪɣɫɥɣ ɬɷɩɧɣɤ ɢɛɧɛɰɛɤɦɩ Ɉɩɞɛɲ ɨɩɞɛɭɣɤ ɩɥɛɲ ɩɥɛɭɣɤ ɢ ɝɩɟɣ ɝɣɢɣɫɛɾ Ɍɭɩʁɭɷ ɟɮɜ ɨɛ ɟɮɜʀ ɞɛɤ ɪʀɟ ɞɛɾɧ ɧɩɫɞɛɤ ɪʀɟ ɧɩɫɞɛɾɧ ɥɦʀɪɮɨ ɪʀɟ ɥɦʀɪɮɨɩɧ ɟɣɝɮɨ ɪʀɟ ɟɣɝɮɨɩɧ ɬɩɪɮɨ ɪʀɟ ɬɩɪɮɨɩɧ ɰɛɪɮɨ Ƚʀɟɞɛɟɥɣ ɟʀɤɥɣ ɝ ɥɩɫɩɝɣ ɤ ɥɩɜɣɦɣ ɥɩɫɩɝɛ ɡɛɜɛ ɞɩɦɩɝɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɥɩɬɛ ɤ ɭɫɛɝɛ
27. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɂ ɟʀɟɛ ɪɫɛɟʀɟɛ ɢ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɫɮɲɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɪɮɲɥɛɧɣ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɹ ɝɛɡɥɩɹ ɪɫɛɱɠɹ ɺɥ ɮ ɝʀɨɩɲɥɮ ɟɮɡɠ ɲɣɬɭɩ ɩɰɛɤɨɩ ³ ɪɫɩ ɪɫɣɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɢ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɧɛɦɠɲɥɮ ɢ ɫɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɟɣɭɣɨɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɪɫɠɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɬɣɦɮ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɭɫɮɟɨɩɴɛɧɣ ɜʀɟɨɛ ɧɩɺ ɞɩɦʀɝɩɨɷɥɛ ɝɣɫɛɢ ɝʀɟɲɛɹ ɫɩɢɪɛɲɮ ɨɠ ɪɩɞɦɛɟɣɭɣ ɪɩ ɞɩɦʀɝɱʀ ɪɩɥɛɫɛɭɣ ɝɣɥɣɨɮɭɣ ɥɩɦʀɨɱɠ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɦɠɞɥɩɝɛɡɨɠ ɪɮɬɭɠ ɨɠɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɠ
§ 5.
ȱɦɟɧɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɦɨɜɢ
ɚɥʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ ɝɣ ɝɣɝɲɛɦɣ ɝ ɥɦɛɬʀ" ɚɥ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ" ɚɥ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ Ȳ ʀ ,, ɝʀɟɧʀɨ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɞɫɮɪɣ" ɚɥʀ ɾ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɮ ɝɡɣɝɛɨɨʀ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɷ ɛ ɭɛ ɮ ɝ ɫɩɟɩɝɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɮ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ,, ɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɲɩɦɩ ɝʀɲɩɞɩ ɫɩɟɮ ɟɮɜ ³ ɟɮɜɛ ɦʀɬ ³ ɦLFy " ɚɥʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɩɫɮɟɨɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɛ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ,,, ɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ"
Ɋɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ
28. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡ ɜɿғɪɲɚ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɪɿɞ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ ɝɪɭɩɭ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɨɤ ɬɚ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ
ȿɛɝɨɩ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɴɠ ɝ ɪɩɫɮ ɥɩɦɣɬɥɩɝɮ ɜɦɛɡɠɨɨɣɧ ɜɠɢɭɮɫɜɩɭɨɣɧ ɧɛɦɹɥɩɧ ɺ ɝɬɧɩɥɭɮɝɛɝ ɮ ɬɠɫɱɠ ɫʀɟɨɮ ɧɩɝɮ ɢ ɱʀɦɹɴɣɧ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɧɩɦɩɥɩɧ Ƚɩɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɺɥ ɝɩɞɨɣɥ ɟɦɺ ɟɣɭɣɨɣ ʀ ɫɩɢɮɧɩɧ ʀ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺɧ Ƚɦɣɦɛɬɷ ɮ ɥɫɩɝ ɝɫɩɬɦɛ ɝ ɡɣɝʀ ɥɦʀɭɣɨɣ ɨɠ ɫɛɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ³ ɬɮɭɮɡɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɍɠɪɠɫ ʀ ɟɠɨɷ ʀ ɨʀɲ ɜɠɢ ɪɠɫɠɟɣɳɥɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɠɫɭɛɹ ɫɠɝɨɩ ɭɩɨɨɣ ɜɫɣɦ ɮɬɠ ɳɮɥɛɹ ɭɩɲɨɣɰ ɬɦʀɝ ɟɦɺ ɥɨɣɡɥɣ ɴɩɜ ɟýɳʀ ɢɛɲɛɫɩɝɮɝɛɭɷ ɧɩɞɦɣ« ȿ Ɇɮɱɠɨɥɩ
ȱ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɱɨɬɢɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɚɦɢ ɉɰɩɭɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɩɬɨɛɴɠɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɦɩɟɹɲʀɬɭɷ ʀɧ·ɺ ɬɭɛɭɭɺ ɫɩɜɩɭɛ ɪɦʀɟ ɟɮɜ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲ ɥɛɲɠɨɺ ɺɤɱɠ ʀɟɠɛɦ ɩɡɠɦɠɟɷ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɬɣɨɷ ɩɜɦɣɲɲɺ ɬɰɩɟɣɨɥɛ ɫɩɢɢɺɝɛ ɬɭɛɫʀɬɭɷ ɥɮɫɲɛ ɩɲɣɬɭɥɛ ɪɫɣɜʀɤ ɦɠɦɠɥɛ ɜɮɟɠɨɷ ɭɷɧɺɨʀɬɭɷ
II. ɍ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɤ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɛɭɤɜɭ Ɂ ɰɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ȱ Ɏɪɚɧɤɚ ´Ɉɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɪɫɣ ɟɩɜɫʀ ɭɩɤ ɡɣɭɷ µ ȱ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ȱ ɬɚ ȱȱ ɜɿɞɦɿɧ ɭ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡɚ ɝɪɭɩɚɦɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɚ ɦ¶ɹɤɚ ɦɿɲɚɧɚ
Ƚɡɣɭɩɥ ɭɣɫɬɛ ɩɢɠɦɠɨɹɝɛɲ ɥɝʀɭɨɣɥɛɫ ɬɭɩɦɺɫ ɥɛɫɭɺɫ ɨɛɬɭɫʀɤ ɩɡɠɦɠ ɟɣɱɺ ɟɨɣɴɠ ɬɥɠɦɷɱɠ ɩɭɝʀɫ ɦɺɴ ɝɭɠɲɛ ɬɭɛɡ ɬɠɥɫɠɭɛɫ ɦɺɦɷɥɛ ɭɺɞɛɲ
Ȳɧɠɨɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɚ Ⱦɠɨɪɞɠɚ ɋɚɧɬɚɹɧɢ ´Ɂɣɭɭɺ ³ ɨɠ ɝɣɬɭɛɝɛ ɤ ɨɠ ɬɝɺɭɩ µ ȱ ȱɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ȱ ɿ ,, ɜɿɞɦɿɧ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɨɪɭɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɭ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɥɣɧ" ɲɣɧ" ɿ ɡɚɩɢ ɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡ ɩ ɜ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɿ ɡ ɠ ɜ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɿ ɉɫɛɲ ɭɩɝɛɫɣɳ ɩɟɮɟ ɢɜɫɩɺɫ ɜɩɫɩɢɨɛ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɩɥ ɬɣɨɣɱɺ ɺɫ ɬɭɫɛɤɥɛɫ ɭɣɳɛ ɯɩɫɧɮɦɺɫ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ´Ɂɣɭɣ ³ µ 32. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɝɨɥɨɫ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɱɢ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɠɤɚɯ ɭ ɪɨɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɿɞ ɦɿɧɤɭ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɶ ɛ ɬɚ ɮ ɒɩɦɩɝʀɥ ɜɠɢ ɫɩɢɮɧ ³ ɴɩ ɬɨʀɪ ɜɠɢ ɪɠɫɠɝɠɬɦɩ Ɍɧɩɦɛ ɟɩ ɟɮɜ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɬɭɛɨɠ Ƚʀɟ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɮɟɛɫ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɨɠ ɪɛɟɛɾ Ɉɠɧɛ ɟɣɧ ɜɠɢ ɝɩɞɩɨɷ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɞɫʀɧ ³ ɧɛɦɩ ɟɩɴ ɂɞɛɺɨɩɞɩ ɲɛɬ ʀ ɥɩɨɠɧ ɨɠ ɨɛɢɟɩɡɠɨɠɳ ɐɦʀɜ ɦɠɡɛɲɩɞɩ ɨʀɟɠ ɨɠɧɛ
ȱ ȱɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ,, ɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɪɨɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɭ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨ ɥɨɧɤɢ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɛ ɺ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɮ ɹ Ƚɡɣɭɩɥ ɬɪɫɮɭ ɥɮɭ ɟɣɧ ɬɭɫɮɬ ɬɭɠɪ ɺɬɠɨ ɛɭɩɧ ɦɺɥ ɞɠɥɭɛɫ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ Ƀ ȼ ʈɟɬɟ ´ ³ ɱɠ ɪɠɫɠɟɲɛɬɨɛ ɬɭɛɫʀɬɭɷµ ȱ ȱɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ȱȱȱ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɨɪɭɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɭ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡ ɩɨɞɜɨɽɧɧɹɦ ɛɭɤɜ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɜɨɽɧɧɹ ɛɭɤɜ
Ƚɢɛɾɧɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɣɬɭɫɛɬɭɷ ɩɟʀɡ ɡɩɝɲ ɢɠɦɠɨɷ ɢɟɛɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɴɣɫʀɬɭɷ ɱɝʀɦɷ ɬɭɛɫɛɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡ ɭɷɧɺɨʀɬɭɷ ɜɦɛɥɣɭɷ ɪ·ɺɟɷ ɺɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɦɺɥɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ Ⱦ ɉɚɜɥɢɱɤɚ ´ ɭɛɧ ɢɛɞɣɜɛ ɢɨɠɝʀɫɛµ
ɂɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɺɥɣɰ ɬɮɯʀɥɬʀɝ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷ ɝɣɴɣɤ ɬɭɮɪʀɨɷ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨ ɨɺ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ" Ɏ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɲɣɬɦʀ ɤ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɮ ɬɭɩɺɭɷ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɲɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛ ɟɝɛ ʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɟɝɛ ɟɨʀ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɟɨʀɝ " ɚɥ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɮɹɭɷɬɺ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɢ ɟɫɩɜɩ ɝɣɧɣ ɲɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɪʀɝɭɩɫɛ ɟɨɺ " ɚɥʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɪɣɬɮ ɤ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɲɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɪ·ɺɭɟɠɬɺɭ ³ ɝʀɬʀɧɟɠɬɺɭ" ɚɥʀ ɩɬɩ ɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɲɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɟɝʀɬɭʀ ³ ɟɠɝ·ɺɭɬɩɭ" ɚɥʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɪɣɬɮ ɨɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɣɰ ɢɛɤɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ" ɚɥ ɝʀɟ ɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɱɠɤ ɝɠɬɷ"
Ɋɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ
35*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɉɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɠɤɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɜɢɳɨɝɨ ȱ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɬɚ ɧɚɣɜɢɳɨɝɨ ȱȱ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹ
Ȳ Ɋɫɛɝɟɛ ɺɬɨɣɤ ɝʀɟ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɭɛ ʁʁ ɢʀ ɬɝʀɲɥɩɹ ɳɮɥɛɹɭɷ ȿɫɮɡɜɛ ɭɛ ɜɫɛɭɬɭɝɩ ɟɩɫɩɞɣɤ ɢɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɩ Ɉɠɧɛ ɪɩɞɛɨɣɤ ɝɩɫɩɞɛ ɺɥ ɟɮɫɨɣɤ ɫɩ ɢɮɧ ɒɣɧ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɨɠɞʀɟɨɣɥ ɭɣɧ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɜɩɺɞɮɢ II ȿɮɧɥɛ ɜɣɬɭɫɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɬɣɭɨɛ ɬɩɨ ɧɣɦɣɤ ȿɩɫɩɞi ɭɛ ɪʀɬɨɺ ɢ ɺɥɩɹ ɧɛɭɣ ɥɩɦɣɬɛɦɛ Ɏɬɷɩɧɮ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɝɛɡɥɣɤ ȿɩɜɫɣɤ ɬɮɬʀɟ ³ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɛ ɫɩɟɣɨɛ
36. ɉɪɨɜɿɞɦɿɧɹɣɬɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɨ ɱɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤ ɚ ɩɨɬɿɦ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɦ ɧɢɠɱɟ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚ ɉɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ
Ɉ ɬʀɧɬɩɭ ɪ·ɺɭɟɠɬɺɭ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɋ ɬɠɧɣɬɩɭ ɪ·ɺɭɟɠɬɺɭɣ ɳɠɬɭɣ ɳʀɬɭɷɩɰ
ȿ ɬɠɧɣɬɭɛɧ ɪ·ɺɭɟɠɬɺɭɣ ɳɠɬɭɣ ɳʀɬɭɷɩɧ
ɂɨ ɬʀɧɬɩɭ ɪ·ɺɭɟɠɬɺɭ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɉɫ ɬɷɩɧɛɬɭɛɧɣ ɪ·ɺɭɟɠɬɺɭɷɧɛ ɳʀɬɭɷɧɛ ɳʀɬɭɷɩɧɛ
ɇ ɨɛ ɬɠɧɣɬɭɛɰ ɪ·ɺɭɟɠɬɺɭɣ ɳɠɬɭɣ ɳʀɬɭɷɩɰ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɦɢ ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɛ ɡ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɣ ɍɫɣ ɬʀɟɦɩ ɪʀɝɭɩɫɛ ɛɫ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɬɩɦɟɛɭ ɭɫɣ ɠɦɠɥɭɫɣɥ ɪʀɝɭɩɫɛ ɧɠɭɫ ɟɝɛ ɩɢɠɫɩ ɟɝɛ ɜɛɦɩɨ ɭɫɣ ɠɳɠɦɩɨ ɪʀɝɭɩɫɛ ɞɫɛɟɮɬ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɛ ɩɜɫɮɲ
II. Ɂ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɚɜɧɶɨɝɪɟɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ´Ɋʀ ɢɨɛɤ µ 38. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɱɢ ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɠɤɚɯ ɭ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɒɠɫɬɭɝɣɤ ɥɨɣɳ ɭɛ ɜɠɢ ɝʀɨ ɴɠ ɞʀɫɳ Ƚɬɺɥ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ɢɨɛɾ ɭɛ ɨɠ ɝɬɺɥ ɪɫɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɟɜɛɾ Ɉɠ ɬɩɦɣ ɨʀɲɣɺ ɫɛɨɣ ɭɩ ɤ ɭɝɩɾʁ ɨɠ ɜɮɟɮɭɷ ɚɥ ɨɛ ɬɝʀɤ ɺɢɣɥɮ ɨɠ ɝɭɫɣɧɛɾɳ ɭɩ ɨɛ ɲɮɡɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɝɭɛʁɳ ɂʀ ɬɝɩɺ ɪɠɲʀ ɤ ɟɣɧ ɬɩɦɩɟɥɣɤ ɂ ɱɠ ɪɣɝɛ ɨɠ ɜɮɟɠ ɟɣɝɛ
39. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɫɬɿɣɤɢɦɢ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɚ ɦɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ
ɑɷɩɞɩ ɫɛɢɮ ɱɣɧɣ ɟɨɺɧɣ ɟɩ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɢ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɝɩɟɮ ɢ ɱʀɾʁ ɪɫɣɲɣ ɨɣ ɢɛ ɱɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɪɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɬɦɩɝʀ ɪɫɣ ɱɣɰ ɬɦɩɝɛɰ ɮ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɡ ɟɮɬʀ Ɏɬʀɾɹ ɟɮɳɠɹ ɮɬʀɧ ɬɠɫɱɠɧ ɢ ɮɬʀɾʁ ɬɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɝɬɷɩɧɮ ɰɩɟɮ ɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɜɩɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɝɬʀɧɛ ɪɫɛ ɝɣɦɛɧɣ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɛɭɣ ɝɬʀɰ ɢɮɬɣɦɷ ɭɛ ɤ ɪɩ ɝɬɷɩɧɮ
Ȳɧɠɨɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ȱȱ Ɋɨɡɞɭɦ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɟɬɢɱɧɭ ɬɟɦɭ
Ɏ ɫɩɢɟɮɧʀ ɬɭɛɝɦɺɭɷ ɺɥɠɬɷ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɳɦɺɰɩɧ ɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɧʀɫɥɮ ɝɛɨɷ ɢ·ɺɬɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɮɭɷ ɋɩɢɟɮɧ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɭɷ ɭɠɢɩɹ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɫɩɢ ɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɟɩɝɠɬɭɣ ʀ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɠ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɫɩɢɟɮɧɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɭɷ ɟɩɥɛɢɣ ɛɫɞɮɧɠɨɭɣ ɺɥʀ ɪʀɟɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɹɭɷ ɛɜɩ ɢɛɪɠɫɠɲɮɹɭɷ ɭɠ ɲɣ ʀɨɳɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɋɩɢɟɮɧ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɮɹɭɷ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɣɧ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɥɩɧ ɛɜɩ ɪʀɟɬɮɧɥɩɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɦɩɞʀɲɨɩ ɝɣɪɦɣɝɛɾ ɢ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɧʀɫɥɮɝɛɨɷ
ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɞɜɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɉɨɦɿɪɤɭɣɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɬɢɦ ɹɤɿ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɜɢɹɜɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɦɚɬɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɬɚ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɤɨɠɟɧ ɫɜɿɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɪɨ ɰɸ ɥɸɞɫɶɤɭ ɹɤɿɫɬɶ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɿɡ ɤɚɡɤɢ ɩɪɨ ȱɜɚɫɢɤɚ Ɍɟɥɟɫɢɤɚ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɫɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɿ ɡɞɪɿɛ ɧɿɥɢɦɢ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɚɦɢ
ȼɮɦɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥ ɭɛ ɡʀɨɥɛ ɛ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɬɣɨɩɥ ɩɟɣɨɛɲɩɥ Ȳɝɛɬɣɥ ɉɭɩ Ȳɝɛɬɣɥ ɺɥ ɪʀɟɫʀɬ ɭɫɩɳɥɣ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɫɩɬɣɭɣ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ³ ɂɫɩɜʀɭɷ ɧɠɨʀ ɭɛɭɮɬɹ ɲɩɝɨɣɥ ɭɛ ɝɠɬɠɦɷɱɠ ɭɩ ɺ ɜɮɟɮ ɫɣɜɥɮ ɦɩɝɣɭɣ ɭɛ ɝɛɬ ɪɫɣ ɬɭɛɫɩɴɛɰ ɞɩɟɮɝɛɭɣɧɮ ³ Ʌɮɟɣ ɭɩɜʀ ɬɣɨɥɮ ɭɣ ɴɠ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥɣɤ ³ ɥɛɡɠ ɜɛɭɷɥɩ Ȼ ɝʀɨ ɭɛɥɣ ɩɟɨɩ ɢɫɩɜʀɭɷ ɭɛ ɤ ɢɫɩɜʀɭɷ ɉɭ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɤɩɧɮ ɜɛɭɷɥɩ ɲɩɝɨɛ ʀ ɝɠɬ ɦɩ ʀ ɬɭɛɝ Ȳɝɛɬɣɥ ɫɣɜɛɦɣɭɣ Ɋɩɪɦɣɨɠ Ȳɝɛɬɣɥ ɫʀɲɥɩɹ ɞɠɭɷ ɞɠɭɷ ɟɛɦɠɲɠɨɷɥɩ ɛ ɧɛɭɣ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɤɩɧɮ ʁɬɭɣ ɨɛɝɛɫɣɭɷ ɭɛ ɝ ɞɩɫɨɺɭɥɛ ɟɝʀɤɨɺɭɥɛ ɨɛɥɦɛɟɠ ɝʀɢɷɧɠ ɭʀ ɟɝʀɤɨɺɭɥɛ ɴɠ ɤ ɬɩɫɩɲɠɲɥɮ ɜʀɦɮ ɟɦɺ Ȳɝɛɬɺ ɪʀɟɠ ɟɩ ɜɠɫɠɞɛ ɬɭɛɨɠ ɭɛ ɤ ɥɦɣɲɠ Ȳɝɛɬɣɥɮ Ȳɝɛɬɣɥɮ Ɋɫɣɪɦɣɨɷ ɪɫɣɪɦɣɨɷ ȿɩ ɜɠɫɠɡɥɛ ɚ ɟɛɧ ɭɩɜʀ ʁɬɭɣ ɪɣɭɣ Ȳ ɰɩɫɩɳɠ ɰɩɟɣɭɣ
Ɋɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ
Ȼ Ȳɝɛɬɣɥ ɪɩɲɮɾ ³ ɑɠ ɡ ɧɩɾʁ ɧɛɭʀɨɥɣ ɞɩɦɩɬɩɥ Ɋɦɣɝɣ ɪɦɣɝɣ ɲɩɝɨɣɥɮ ɟɩ ɜɠɫɠɡɥɛ Ɋɫɣɪɦɣɨɠ ɪɩɩɜʀɟɛɾ ɬɩɫɩɲɠɲɥɮ ɜʀɦɮ ɝʀɢɷɧɠ ɪɩɟɺɥɮɾ ɝʀɟɟɛɬɭɷ ɧɛɭɮɬʀ ɫɣɜ ɥɮ ɴɩ ɨɛɦɩɝɣɝ ɭɛ ɤ ɢɨɩɝ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɥɮ
ȱȱ ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɭ ɭɪɢɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɣɨɝɨ ɤɿɥɶɤɚ ɪɚɡɿɜ ɡɚ ɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɧɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɜɞɨɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɞɡɟɪɤɚɥɨɦ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȒȞȡȑȖȗ ǿȎȦȘȳȐ
ȿɉȼɋɉɍȻ ɔɩ ɭɛɥɠ ɟɩɜɫɩɭɛ" ȿɩɜɫɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɪɫɛɞɨɠ ɝɬɠ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɭɛɥ ɴɩɜ ɨʀɥɩ ɧɮ ɨɠ ɢɛɪɩɟʀɺɭɣ ɢɦɛ ɨɠ ɢɛɝɟɛɭɣ ɜɩɦɹ Ƚɩɨɛ ɬɪʀɝɲɮɭɦɣɝɩ ɬɭɛɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɦɹɟɠɤ ȿɩɜɫɩɬɠɫɟɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɪɩɟʀɦɣɭɷɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɧɛɾ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɧ ɰɭɩ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɝ ɮ ɜʀɟɮ ɢɛɢɨɛɝ ɦɣɰɛ ɒɣ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɜɮɭɣ ɟɩɜɫɣɧ" ɚɥɴɩ ɭɣ ɜɮɟɠɳ ɟɩɜɫɣɤ ɟɩ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɺɥɛ ɥɩʁɭɷ ɢɦɩɲɣɨ ɺɥɴɩ ɪɩɭɮɫɛɭɣɧɠɳ ɨɠɞʀɟɨɣɥɩɝʀ ɭɩ ɭɣ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɣɧɠɳ ɢɦɮ Ȳ ɩɭɡɠ ɨɠ ɜɮɟɠɳ ɟɩɜɫɣɧ ɟɦɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɇʀɦʀɱʀɩɨɠɫ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɪɣɨɺɾ ɢɦɩɲɣɨɱɺ ɲɣ ɬɮɟɟɺ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɮɟɣɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɟɩ ɢɛɥɩɨɮ ³ ɟɩɜɫʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɜɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɹɭɷ ɮɬʀɰ ɒɣ ɝɣɞʀɟɨɛ ɟɩɜɫɩɭɛ" ɚɥɴɩ ɺ ɜɮɟɮ ɟɩɜɫɣɤ ɟɩ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɭɩ ɨʀ ɝ ɥɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɜɮɟɠ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ ɧɠɨʀ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɢɦɩ ȼɩ ɢɛ ɢɦɩ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɦɛɭɺɭɷ ɢɦɩɧ ɛ ɢɛ ɟɩɜ ɫɩɭɮ ³ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɟɩɜɫɩɧ Ȼ ɺɥɴɩ ɺ ɨɠ ɜɮɟɮ ɟɩɜɫɣɧ ɭɩ ɰɭɩ ɜɮɟɠ ɟɩɜɫɣɤ" Ʌɩɦɣ ɰɩɲɠɳ ɴɩɜ ʀɨɳʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɩɜɫʀ ɜɮɟɷ ɟɩɜɫɣɧ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɬɛɧ ɂɟɛɝɨɛ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɪɩɜɮɭɮɾ ɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɳɛɨɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ´ɟɩɜɫɩɟʀɹµ ´ɟɩɜɫɩɟʀɤɥɩµ ɑɣɧ ɝɣɢɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɜɫɩɭɛ ɺɥ ɨɛɤɥɫɛɴɛ ɫɣɬɛ ɝ ɦɹɟɺɰ
41. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɋɚɲɤɿɜ ɪɨɡɞɭɦ ɉɪɨɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɤɥɚɫɿ ɞɢɫɩɭɬ ɩɪɨ ɞɨɛɪɨɬɭ Ɇɨɠɥɢɜɨ ɜɢ ɜ ɱɨɦɭɫɶ ɧɟ ɩɨɝɨɞɠɭɽɬɟɫɹ ɿɡ ɋɚɲɤɨɦ ² ɫɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɭɣɬɟ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɭɦɤɭ
ÌÎÐÔÎËÎÃ²ß ÒÀ ÎÐÔÎÃÐÀÔ²ß. ÑÀÌÎÑÒ²ÉͲ ×ÀÑÒÈÍÈ ÌÎÂÈ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
IJªÑËÎÂÎ. ÇÀÃÀËÜͲ ²ÄÎÌÎÑÒ² ÏÐΠIJªÑËÎÂÎ
§ 6.
Ⱦɿɽɫɥɨɜɨ ɹɤ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɦɨɜɢ
42. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ Ⱦɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ ɦɨɜɢ ɜɨɧɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ" əɤɚ ɦɿɠ ɧɢɦɢ ɪɿɡɧɢɰɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ ɭ ɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɿ"
Ɋɠɫɠɪɣɬɮɝɛɭɣ ³ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɭɣɬɺ ³ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺ ɭɣ ³ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɛ ɞɮɫɥɩɭʀɭɣ ³ ɞɮɫɥʀɭ ɧɩɝɲɛɭɣ ³ ɧɩɝɲɛɢɨɣɤ ɥɫɣɲɛɭɣ ³ ɥɫɣɥ ɦɣɝɣɤ ɬɣɨʀɭɣ ³ ɬɣɨʀɤ ɢɧ·ɺɥɨɮɭɣ ³ ɧ·ɺɥɣɤ ɪɩɭɫɩʁɭɣ ³ ɭɫɣ ɢɛɬɝɩʁɭɣ ³ ɬɝʀɤ
ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾ ɟʀɹ ɛɜɩ ɬɭɛɨ ʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ" ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ" 43. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ɿ ɞɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɧɟʀ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɏɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɏɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ Ɉɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ
Ɍɪɩɬɩɜɩɝɛ
Ɉɛ ɺɥɠ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ" ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ" ɴɩ ɫɩɜɦɹ" ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɝ" ɴɩ ɜɮɟɮ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ" ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɝ ɜɣ" ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣ" ʀ ɪɩɟ
ɚɥ ɢɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ
ɚɥɣɧ ɲɦɠɨɩɧ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɾ
ɨɠɢɧʀɨɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ
ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɧ ɲɦɠɨɩɧ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ
ɢɛ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɛɧɣ ɲɛɬɛɧɣ ɩɬɩɜɛɧɣ ɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɲɣɬɦɛɧɣ
ɪɫɣɬɮɟɥɩɧ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ
ɺɥɣɤ"
ɢɛ ɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɛɧɣ ɤ ɲɣɬɦɛɧɣ
ɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɪɫɣɬɮɟɥɩɧ
ɏɩɫɧɛ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ
ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɩ"
ɨɠɢɧʀɨɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ
ɪɫɣɬɮɟɥɩɧ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ
ɴɩ ɫɩɜɦɺɲɣ" ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɝɳɣ"
ɨɠɢɧʀɨɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ
ɩɜɬɭɛɝɣɨɩɹ
ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ ɺɥ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɩɝɣ
ɚɥʀ ɾ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ" ɚɥʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɠɢɧʀɨɨʀ" ɚɥʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɲɛɬɛɧɣ ɤ ɩɬɩɜɛɧɣ" ɚɥʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɬɮɟɥɛɧɣ" ɚɥʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɫɩɦʀ ɪɫɣɬɮɟɥɛ" __________________________ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ ɧɛɾ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɨɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɮ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝɮ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ ɯɩɫɧɮ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ ʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ Ɉɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ ʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɨɨʀ Ɇɣɳɠ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɧɩɡɠ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɲɛɬɛɧɣ ɤ ɩɬɩ ɜɛɧɣ Ɏɬʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɥɫʀɧ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɬɮɟɥɛɧɣ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɺɥ ɪɫɣɬɮɟɥɣ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝɮ ɯɩɫɧɮ ʀ ɯɩɫɧɮ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ
ȱ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɿɞɪɹɞ ɭ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɭ ɜɫɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɩ ɭɩ ɞɿɽɩɪɢ ɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɚɬɨʀɳɛɭɣ ɭɫɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɨɛɦɛɳɭɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɜɛɲɠɨɩ ɠɦɠɥɭɫɣɯʀɥɩɝɛɨɣɤ ʁɡɟɡɮ ʀɨɥɫɮɬɭɩɝɛɨɩ ɠɥɬɪɠɫɣɧɠɨɭɮɹɲɣ ɧɩɦɩɭɣɤ ɰɩɟɣɧɩ ɦʀɪɦɠɨɩ ɜɫɣɢɨɮɝɳɣ ɥɦɣɥɛɭɣ ɛɟɫɠɬɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɠɥɢɛɧɠɨɮɹɲɣ ɺɝɦɠɨɩ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ɞɚɜɧɶɨɝɪɟɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɚ Ɏɚɥɟɫɚ ´Ɋɫɩ ɟɫɮɢʀɝ ɬɦʀɟ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɩɟʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɢ ɭɩɜɩɹ ɛ ɤ ɭɩɟʀ µ 45. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ əɤɢɦɢ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɶ"
Ɏɢɺɝɳɣɬɷ ɢɛ ɪɦɮɞɛ ɨɠ ɩɞɦɺɟɛɤɬɺ ɨɛɢɛɟ Ɍɥɛɢɛɨɠ ɬɦɩɝɩ ³ ɬɫʀɜɦɩ ɛ ɧɩɝɲɛɨɨɺ ³ ɢɩɦɩɭɩ Ɋɭɣɱɺ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɛ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɦɷɩɭɮ ɛ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥ ³ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɜɩ ɭɣ Ɉɠ ɨɛ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɟɣɝɣɬɺ ɛ ɨɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɮ Ɋɩ ɫɩɜɩɭʀ ɪʀɢɨɛɭɣ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɛ Ȼɜɩ ɫɩɢɮɧɨɠ ɥɛɢɛɭɣ ɛɜɩ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɧɩɝɲɛɭɣ Ɍɥɛɢɛɨɩ ɨɛ ɞɦɮɧ ɛ ɭɣ ɜɠɫɣ ɨɛ ɮɧ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
46. ɉɟɪɟɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɬɚɤ ɳɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɨɨɺ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɜɲɢ ʀɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɨ ɜɚɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɂɛɥʀɨɲɣɦɣ ɥɩɪɛɨɨɺ ɥɛɫɭɩɪɦʀ ³ ɂɛɥʀɨɲɣɦɣ ɥɩɪɛɭɣ ɥɛɫɭɩɪ ɦɹ Ɏɺɝʀɭɷ ɬɩɜʀ ɺɥ ɜɮɦɩ ɜ ɺɥɜɣ ɦɹɟɣ ɨɠ ɟɜɛɦɣ ɪɫɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ Ɍɭɛɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɜɫɮɟɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɬɭɛɨɠ ɝɛɡɥɣɧ ɟɣɰɛɨɨɺ Ɇɹɟɣ ɪɩɲɨɮɭɷ ɰɝɩɫʀɭɣ ɋʀɲɥɣ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɢɛɢɨɛɹɭɷ ɩɜɧʀɦʀɨɨɺ Ƚʀɟɜɮɟɠɭɷɬɺ ɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɠɫɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɟɹɲɩɞɩ ɳɛɫɮ ʊɫɮɨɭɮ Ȳ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɠ ɜɮɟɠ ɝɣɫɩɴɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɰɦʀɜɛ ɉɬɷ ɲɩɧɮ ɝɬʀ ɧɣ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɝɣɺɝɦɺɭɣ ɟɜɛɤɦɣɝɠ ɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɟɩ ʁʁ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝ
47. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɹɤɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɡɦɚɥɶɨɜɭɽ ɲɚ ɥɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɛɭɪɿ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɹɤɿ ɩHSHɞDɸɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɿ ɞɿʀ ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢ ɡɜɭɤɢ ɫɬɚɧ
Ɉɛɞɦɩ ɜɠɢɳɠɦɠɬɨɛ ɭɣɳɛ ɦɮɬɨɮɦɛ ɧɩɝ ɨɛɟɮɭɣɤ ɪɮɰɣɫ Ⱦɫɹɥʀɭ ɪɠɫɠɥɩ ɭɣɝɬɺ ɦʀɬɩɧ ɨɛɲɠ ɪɩɝʀɨɷ Ƚʀɭɠɫ ɢʀɫɝɛɝɬɺ ɧɩɝ ɥʀɨɷ ɢ ɪɫɣɪɩɨɮ ɢɛʀɫɡɛɝ ɰɫɮɬ ɥɩɭɩɧ ɦɛɧɛɨɩɞɩ ɞɛɦɮɢɢɺ ɞɮɪɨɮɝ ɥɩɪɣɭɩɧ ɮ ɪʀɬɥɩɝʀ ɞɛɦɺɝɣ ɤ ɪʀɟɨɺɝ ɨɠɪɫɩ ɞɦɺɟɨʀ ɭɮɧɛɨɣ ɥɮɫɺɝɣ ɪɩɭɫɺɬ ɜɮɤɨɩɹ ɞɫɣɝɩɹ ɰɧɛɫ ɂɮɜɛɧɣ ɰɝɛɭɛɝ ɬɩɬɨɣ ɨɛɲɠ ɬɭɠɜɦɣɨɣ ɭɫɛɝɣ ɤ ɭɫɩɴɣɝ ʁɰ ɐɝɩɬɭɩɧ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɪɩɧɠɦɩɧ ɢɧʀɭɛɝ ɜɩɝɟɮɫɣ ɰɝɩʁ Ɍɭɫʀɨɮɝɳɣ ɭɝɠɫɟɮ ɬɭʀɨɮ ɞɮɴʀ ɬɭɛɝɛɝ ɟɮɜɛ ɪʀɟɨɩɬɣɝɬɺ ɝɞɩɫɮ ɤ ɪɛɟɛɝ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɞɫɮɟɷɧɣ ɨɛ ɞɮɬɭɠ ɝɠɫɰɩɝʀɭɭɺ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɞɣɨɛɦɩɬɺ ɧɩɝ ɪʀɟ ɮɟɛɫɩɧ ɧɩɦɩ ɭɛ ɂɛɟɨʀɧɣ ɨɩɞɛɧɣ ɫɣɝ ɺɫɮɞɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɫɪɮɝɛɝ ɝɠɫɬɭɝɮ ɲɛɭɣɨɨɺ** ɭɛ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɴɩ ɩɜɭɮɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɪɨʀ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɫɩɢɟɣɫɛɝ ɩɟɠɡɮ ɧɩɰɮ ɴɩ ɝɥɫɣɝɛɦɛ ɲɩɫɨɠ ɭʀɦɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɤ ɬɣɪɛɝ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɥɮɲɮɞɮɫɣ Ƚɣɰɩɫ ɥɛɢɣɝɬɺ ɋɠɝʀɝ ɝɣɞɮɥɮɝɛɝ ɬɝɣɬɭʀɝ ɞɩɞɩɭɛɝ ɞɩɦɩɬɣɝ ɬɧʀɺɝɬɺ ɞɫɹɥɛɝ ɜɫɺɢɥɛɝ ɟɠɫɠɨɲɛɝ ɝɣɦɺɬɥɮɝɛɝ ɪɩɫɬɥɛɝ ɪɣɫɰɛɝ ɧɮɞɣɥɛɝ ɫɣɪʀɝ ɫɹɧɬɛɝ ɫɩɥɩɭɛɝ Ɉɛɲɠ ɝɩɦɩɬɬɺ ɢ ɞɩɦɩɝɣ ɝɣɟɣɫɛɝ ɢ ɟɮɜɩɝɣɰ ɲɮɜʀɝ ɞʀɦɦɺ ɥɫɮɭɣɝ ɨɣɧ ɥɫɠɬɦɣɝ ɮ ɪɩɝʀɭɫʀ ɰɣɧɠɫɨʀ ɥɩɦɠɬɛ ɤ ɡɜɮɫɦɺɝ ɮ ɟɛ ɦɠɥʀ ɜɛɞɨɹɥɣ ȼ Ȳ Ȼɨɭɩɨɣɲ
Ƚɣɟɣ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɸɱɢ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɬɟ ɹɤ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɨ ɝɭɪɤɿɬ ɝɪɨɦɭ ɉɪɢ ɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɭ ɭɪɢɜɤɚ ɭɹɜɿɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɿɣ ɡɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɬɚ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ
ɔɩɬɷ ɨɛɬɮɝɛɦɩ ɞɫʀɢɨɠ Ɋɩɭɠɧɨʀɦɩ ɢɛɝʀɭɫɣɦɩ ɢɛɥɫɮɭɣɦɛ ɥɮɫɺɝɛ Ⱦɫɣɧɨɮɦɩ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɢɝɛɦɣɝ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɨɛ ɪɩɧʀɬɭ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɮ ɢɛɞɮɫɥɩɭʀɦɩ ɤ ɪɩɥɩɭɣɦɩɬɷ ɮ ɨɠɜʀ Ƚʀɭɠɫ ɮɴɮɰ ɇʀɡ ɦɣɬɭɩɧ ɢɛɳɠɦɠɬɭʀɝ ɞɮɬɭɣɤ ɫʀɝ ɨɣɤ ɟɩɴ Ȼ ɨɛ ɨɠɜʀ ɢɲɣɨɣɦɛɬɷ ɞɮɫɥɩɭɨɺɝɛ ɥɣɟɛɦɩ ɥɩɦɩɟɟɺɧ ɦɛɧɛɦɩ ɭɫɩɴɣɦɩ ɤ ɦɮɨɩɹ ɫɩɢɥɩɲɮɝɛɝɬɷ ɞɮɥ ɨɛɟ ɰɧɛɫɛɧɣ ɪɩ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɰ ɨɠɜɠɬɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɛɰ Ȼ ɢ ɪʀɟ ɭʀɾʁ ɭɛɫɛɰɥɩɭɨʀ ɭɣɰɩ ɬʀɺɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɝ·ɺɦɠ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɬɧɛɡɠɨʀ ɭɫɛɝɣ ɤ ɰɦʀɜɛ ɺɥ ʀɢ ɪʀɟ ɥɛɧʀɨɨɺ ɮ ɧɦɣɨʀ ɜɩɫɩɳɨɩ ɨɛ ɥʀɳ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɤ ɺɥ ɫɩɬɛ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɣɤ ɟɩɴ Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɲɠɨɥɩ
ȱȱ ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɱɨɬɢɪɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɨɦ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɞɿɽ ɫɥɨ ɜɚ ɡ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɉɨɫɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɳɨɛ ɰɟ ɛɭɜ ɡɜ¶ɹɡɧɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ
49. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂɣɭɣ ʀ ȼɩɞɛ ɰɝɛɦɣɭɣ ɜɮɭɣ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɢɛɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɣɧ ɡɣɭɭɺɧ ɡɣɭɣ ɬɝɩ ʁɧ ɫɩɢɮɧɩɧ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɰ ɪɩɞɦɺɟʀɝ ɡɣɭɣ ɨɛ ɬɝɩɹ ɫɮɥɮ ɜɮɭɣ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɧ ɡɣɭɣ ɨɠ ɰɦʀɜɩɧ ɾɟɣɨɣɧ ɥɫʀɧ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɧɛɭɣ ɤ ɟɮɰɩɝɨʀ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɣ ɡɣɭɣ ɢɛɟɨʀɧ ɫɩɢɮɧɩɧ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ ɧʀɫɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɝɲɣɨɥʀɝ ɫɺɬɭ ɭɩɪɭɛɭɣ ɡɣɭɣ ɫɩɢɥɣɟɛɭɣ ɫɩɢɮɧɩɧ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɠɨɩ ɟɮɧɛɭɣ
§ 7.
ȼɢɞɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ
ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɛɜɩ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ 50. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɱɢɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɹɤɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨ ɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɜɿɞ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɧɚ ɹɤɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɹɤ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɜɢɞ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ
ȿɩɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ ɝɣɟ ɢɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɟɮɧɛɹ ɪɫɣʁɰɛɝ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɠɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɳʀɭɷ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɝɳɣ Ɉɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ ɝɣɟ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɮɧɛɭɣɧɮ ɪɫɣʁɡɟɡɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɮɤɭɠ ɫɩɢɪɩ ɝʀɟɛɹɲɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
51. Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɜɤɚɡɭɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɤɿɧɟɰɶ ɚɛɨ ɨɞɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɿɫɬɶ ɞɿʀ ɚ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ² ɧɟ ɜɤɚɡɭɸɬɶ ɧɿ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɧɿ ɧɚ ɤɿɧɟɰɶ ɞɿʀ
ȿɩɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ ɝɣɟ ɢɛɬɝʀɭɣɭɣɬɺ ɝɣɤɳɩɝ ɪɫɣɤɟɠ ɟɩɲɠɥɛɾɧɩɬɺ ɢɛɤɟʀɭɷ ɬɭɮɥɨɮɭɣ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɝɳɣ Ɉɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ ɝɣɟ ɬɝʀɭɣɭɣɬɺ ɤɳɩɝ ɪɫɣɰɩɟɣɭɣɧɠ ɲɠɥɛɭɣɧɠɧɩ ɢɛɰɩɟɷɭɠ ɬɭɮɥɛɭɣ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɮɹɲɣ
52. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɩɚɪɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɡ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɲɟ ² ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɞɪɭɝɟ ² ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨ ɝɨ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɭɳɢɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɜɨɧɢ ɪɿɡɧɹɬɶɫɹ
Ɍɦɮɰɛɭɣ ³ ɝɣɬɦɮɰɛɭɣ ɩɫɛɭɣ ³ ɢɩɫɛɭɣ ɥɩɬɣɭɣ ³ ɬɥɩɬɣɭɣ ɬɛɟɣɭɣ ³ ɪɩɬɛɟɣɭɣ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɭɣ ³ ɢɛɝɩɦɩɟʀɭɣ Ⱦɮɥɛɭɣ ³ ɞɮɥɨɮɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɭɣ ³ ɪɠ ɫɠɟɛɭɣ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ³ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣɭɣ
ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɺɥʀ ɪɩ ɲɣɨɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɢ ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ" ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɦɹ" ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ" ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɦɠ ɨɩ" ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɝɳɣ" ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɜɠɢ ɢ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ" ɴɩ ɫɩɜɦɹ" ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɝ" ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɭɣɧɮ" ɴɩ ɫɩɜɦɺɲɣ" ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɝɥɛɢɮɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ ɛɜɩ ɩɟɨɩɫɛɢɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɟʀʁ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɨɠ ɝɥɛɢɮɹɭɷ ɨʀ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɨʀ ɨɛ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ ɟʀʁ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɫʀɢɨɺɭɷɬɺ ɧʀɡ ɬɩ ɜɩɹ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬɛɧɣ ɤ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɛɧɣ 53. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɪɲ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɜɢɞ Ɋɫɣʁɰɛɝ ɟɠɨɷ ɨɛ ɝɩɫɩɨɩɧɮ ɥɩɨʀ ɨɠ ɪɣɭɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɠ ɬɭɛɭɣ Ɍɭɛɝ ɬɩɜʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɝʀɥɨɛ ɭɛ ɤ ɢɛɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɬɝʀɭɦɩ ɟɮɧɛɾ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɬɥɦɺɨɣɤ Ȼ ɧɩɡɠ ɝʀɨ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɟɮɧɛɾ Ɋɫɣʁɰɛɝ ɡɠ Ɉɛ ɥɩɨʀ ɡ Ɉɛ ɝɩɫɩɨɩɧɮ ɑɠ ɡ ɨɠ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɜʀɦɩɧɮ ȿ ɒɠɫɠɟɨɣɲɠɨɥɩ
Ƚɣɟɣ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ
ɂɟɩɜɮɭɣ ɬɮɧʀɬɭɣɭɣ ɪɩɬɣɦɛɭɣ ɮɰɝɛɦɣɭɣ ɩɬɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ ɬɭɫɮɞɛɭɣ ɭɩɫɥɨɮ ɭɣɬɺ ɢɝɩɦɩɡɣɭɣ ɪɫɩɬɣɭɣ ɭɩɫɥɛɭɣɬɺ ɢɨɣɥɨɮɭɣ ɬɝʀɭɣɭɣ ɟɣɰɛɭɣ ɟʀɬɭɛɭɣ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ȼ ɋɢɦɨɧɟɧɤɚ ´Ƚ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɫʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝɛɤ« µ 55. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡɚɦɿɧɸɸɱɢ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɑɢ ɡɦɿɧɢɜɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬ" ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɜɢɞ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ
Ɏɞɩɫʀ ɬɣɨɾ ɨɠɜɩ Ɉɛ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɟɠ ɨɠ ɟɠ ɜʀɦʀ ɰɧɛɫɣɨɥɣ Ƚɨɣɢɮ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɤ ɦɮɞ Ɋɩɫɺɟ ɬɫʀɜɦɣɬɭɣɤ ɬɭɫɮɧɩɥ Ȼ ɟɛɦʀ ɢɛ ɨɣɧ ɭɠɧɨɣɤ ɦʀɬ
56. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɜɲɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ
Ɋɩɪɛɟɛɭɣ ɝ ɰɛɦɠɪɮ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɦɺɭɣ ɨɛ ɩɲʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɬɪɣɨɩɹ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɥɮɭʀ ɧɠɟɮ ɪɠɫɠɝɠɫɭɛɭɣ ɢ ɨʀɞ ɨɛ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɪɠɫɠɝɩɟɣɭɣ ɪɩɟɣɰ ɪʀɟɬɭɛɝɦɺɭɣ ɪɦɠ ɲɠ ɪʀɟɬɣɪɛɭɣ ɡɛɫɮ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɨɩɞɣ ɪɫɣɪɛɟɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɬɧɛɥɮ
57. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɜɢɞ Ɏɲɣɭɠɦɷ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɪɫɩ ɴɛɬɭɺ ³ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ʀɢ ɝɛɬ ɪɩɝɣɨɠɨ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɭɛɥɠ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɭɷ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɴɛɬɦɣɝɣ ɧɣ ɇɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɰɭɩɬɷ ʀɢ ɝɛɬ ɧɩɡɠ ɨɛɝɠɬɭɣ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ" ³ Ƚɲɩɫɛ ɺ ɜɮɝ ɮ ɞɩɬɭɺɰ ɮ ɜɛɜɮɬʀ Ƚɩɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɟɮɡɠ ɴɛɬɦɣɝɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɺ ɪʀ ɳɩɝ ³ ɪɩɰɝɛɦɣɝɬɺ ɇɣɥɩɦɥɛ
58. ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɿɡ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɚɦɢ ɹɤɿ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɿ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ȱȱȱ ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɜ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɔɩɜ ɲɣɭɛɲ ɬɥɦɛɝ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɠ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɣ ɮ ɭɝʀɫ ɝɝɩɟɺɭɷ ɺɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɥɩɫɩɭɥʀ ɩɪɣɬɣ ɭɣɰ ɫɠɲɠɤ ɛɜɩ ɺɝɣɴ ɪɫɩ ɺɥʀ ɤɟɠ ɧɩɝɛ Ƚ ɩɪɣɬʀ ɬɭɣɬɦɩ ɪɩɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɛ ɫɩɢɧɩ ɝɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɤʀɬɭɩɭɨʀɳʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɉɪɩɝʀɟɛɲ ɟʀɦɣɭɷɬɺ ɝɫɛɡɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɾ ɱɠɤ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭ ɧɩɡɠ ɝɥɛɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɟʀɜɨʀɬɭɷ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɰ ɪɫɠɟ ɧɠɭʀɝ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɉɪɣɬ ɪɩɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɪɠɝɨʀɤ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɩɬɭʀ ³ ɢɛ ɧʀɬɱɠɧ ɫɩɢɭɛ ɳɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɛ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝɣɺɝɮ ɢɛ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɩɝɩ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɩɝɩɹ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɹ ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣɬɟ ɞɜɿ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɩɪɨ ɦɨɪɟ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɹɤɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɸɬɶ ɍ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɹɤ ɜɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɥɿɬɨ ɧɟ ɡɚ ɛɭɞɶɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɝɿɞɧɨ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɬɨɝɨ ɳɨ ɜɚɦ ɞɨɜɟɥɨɫɹ ɩɨɛɚɱɢɬɢ ɱɢ ɜɿɞɱɭɬɢ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɜɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɜɢɞ əɤ ɜɢɞ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɿ"
Ʌɛɦɛɧɮɭɨɠ ɧɩɫɠ ɬɥɛɡɠɨʀɦɩ Ƚɡɠ ɨɠ ɰɝɣɦʀ ɛ ɜɮɫɮɨɣ ɝɬɭɛɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɧɩɫʀ ɝɣ ɬɩɥʀ ɬɠɫɟɣɭʀ ɢ ɜʀɦɣɧɣ ɞɫɠɜɠɨɺɧɣ ɩɟ ɺɥɣɰ ɢ ɦɮɬɥɩɧ ɩɟɫɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩɝɞʀ ɥɣɭɣɱʀ ɪʀɨɣ ʀ ɢɦʀɭɛɦɣ ɟɩɞɩɫɣ ȼɮɫɮɨɣ ɤɳɦɣ ɨɠɝɪɣɨɨɩ ɪʀɟɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɬɠɜɠ ɢɝɩɫɩɭɨʀ ɰɝɣɦʀ ɪɠɫɠɬɥɛɥɮɝɛɦɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɨɣɰ ʀ ɢɛɦɣɝɛɦɣ ɜɠɫɠɞ ɝɣɥɣɟɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɟɫʀɜ ɨɣɤ ɬʀɫɣɤ ɪʀɬɩɥ Ɍɥɫʀɢɷ ɜɮɦɩ ɧɩɥɫɩ ɪɩɨɛɦɣɝɛɨɩ ɝ ɜɠɫɠɞɩɝɣɰ ɺɧɥɛɰ ɦɣɳɛ ɦɛɬɷ ɝɩɟɛ ɋɛɪɭɩɧ ɭɛɭɛɫɣ ɪɩɲɮɦɣ ɭɫʀɬɥ ʀ ɫʀɝɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ɝɩɟɛ ɪɩɦɣɦɛɬɷ ʁɧ ɮ ɥɛɪɱʀ ɍɩ ɬɣɦɷɨɛ ɰɝɣɦɺ ɪʀɟɰɩɪɣɦɛ ɲɩɝɠɨ ʀ ɥɣɨɮɦɛ ʁɧ ɨɛ ɪɛɦɹ Ⱦɫɠɥ ɪʀɟɜʀɞ ɟɩ ɲɩɝ ɨɛ ʀ ɛɰɨɮɝ ɮ ɲɩɝɨʀ ɜɮɦɛ ɟʀɫɛ Ƚʀɨ ɥɫɣɲɛɝ ɩɟ ɞɩɫɺ ɦɛɺɝɬɺ ɪɦɛɥɛɝ ɭɛ ɫɠɝ ɧɩɫɺ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɦɠɧɠɨɭ ȿɩɝɠɦɩɬɷ ɝɣɭɺɞɭɣ ɲɩɝɠɨ ɭɛ ɤ ɪɫɣɝ·ɺɢɛɭɣ ɢɨɩɝ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ
II. ɉɟɪɟɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɿ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɧɢɦɢ ɜɢɞ
Ƚɣɟɣ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȠȞȓȠȳȗ ǮțȒȞȳȗȘȳȐ
ɈȻ ɇɉɋȲ Ɏɦʀɭɥɮ ɺ ɢ ɭɛɭɩɧ ʀ ɧɛɧɩɹ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɝɛɝ ɨɛ ɒɩɫɨɩɧɮ ɧɩɫʀ ɝ Ɍɥɛɟɩɝɬɷɥɮ ɇʀɬɭɠɲɥɩ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɠ Ɏɬɠ ɝ ɬɛɟɥɛɰ Ɉɛ ɜɛɢɛɫʀ ɪɩɝɨɩ ɥɛɝɮɨʀɝ ɟɣɨɷ ʀ ɧɩɦɩɟɩʁ ɥɛɫɭɩɪɦʀ Ȼ ɬɦɣɝɣ ɞɫɮɳʀ ɺɜɦɮɥɛ ɪɫɩɟɛɝɱʀ ɝɣɝɩɢɺɭɷ ɛɡ ɨɛ ɪɦɺɡ Ȼɦɠ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɠ ɝ Ɍɥɛɟɩɝɬɷɥɮ ³ ɱɠ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɧɩɫɠ Ƚɩɨɩ ɭɮɭ ɧʀɦɥɠ ɭɩɧɮ ɝɩɟɛ ɝ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɪɫɩɞɫʀɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ Ȳ ɪɛɰɨɠ ɥiɧɥɩɹ ɭɛ ɥɣɳɣɭɷ ɧɠɟɮɢɛɧɣ ɇɠɟɮɢɣ ɡɛɦɺɭɷ ɛɦɠ ɨɠ ɭɛɥ ɬɣɦɷ ɨɩ ɺɥ ɨɛɳɛ ɥɫɩɪɣɝi ȿɛɦɠɥɩ ɝ ɧɩɫʀ ɝɣɟɨʀɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɝɞɛ ɭɠɧɨɛ ɬɧɮɡɥɛ Ƚɣɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɩ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɢ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɲɩɹ ɨɛɢɝɩɹ ȿɡɛɫɣɦɞɛɲ ɋɛɢ ɪɩ ɫɛɢ ɺ ɝɟɣɝɦɺɝɬɺ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɨɛɧɛɞɛ ɹɲɣɬɷ ɮɺɝɣɭɣ ɺɥɣɤ ɝʀɨ Ȳ ɩɬɷ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɝɠɲɩɫɛ ɭɛɭɩ ɥɛɡɠ ³ ɂɛɝɭɫɛ ɝɫɛɨɱʀ ɪɩʁɟɠɧɩ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ Ɉɛɥɮɪɣɦɣ ɰɛɫɲʀɝ ɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɩɟɣ ɴɩɜ ɮɢɺɭɣ ɢ ɬɩɜɩɹ Ɏɫɛɨɱʀ ɧɠɨɠ ɫɩɢɜɮɟɣɦɣ ɪʀɝɨʀ ɴɠ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɨɠ ɬɰɩɟɣɦɩ ɛ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɡɠ ɫɩɢ ɥɮɥɮɫʀɥɛɦɣɬɺ ȿɩ ɬɝʀɭɛɨɥɮ ɺ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɛɬɨɮɝ ɇɣ ɨɛɳɝɣɟɥɮɫɮɲ ɪɩɬɨʀɟɛɦɣ ɤ ɪɩɬɪʀɳɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɲɛɦ ɴɩɜ ɮɬɭɣɞɨɮɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɫɠɤɬ ɋɛɨɩɥ ɝɣɟɛɝɬɺ ɭɣɰɣɤ Ƚɩɟɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɫʀɝɨɛ ɤ ɜɦɣɴɛɦɛ ɺɥ ɬɥɦɩ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɛ ɭɠɪɦɩɰɩɟɩɧ ɭɺɞɨɮɝɬɺ ɭɫɣɥɮɭɨɣɥ ɢɜɮɫɠɨɩʁ ɝɩɟɣ ɨɛ ɺɥʀɤ ɧɠɫɠɰɭʀɦɣ ɟɫʀɜɨʀ ɞɫɠɜʀɨɱʀ ɨɛɲɠ ɬɥɛɦɥɣ ɬɥɦɛ Ɍɛɧ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɝɣɺɝɣɝɬɺ ɪʀɴɛɨɣɧ ɨɠɪɩɥɛɢɨɣɧ ɍɫɛɝɛ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɫɩɬɦɛ ɫʀ ɟɠɨɷɥɛ ʀ ɺɥɛɬɷ ɭɝɠɫɟɛ ɥɩɦɹɲɛ Ȳ ɭɫɛɝɛ ʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɧɩɝɜɣ ɪɫɩɬɺɥɨɮɭʀ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɹ ɬʀɦɦɹ ɇɣ ɪʀɳɥɣ ɪɠɫɠɭɨɮɦɣ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ ʀ ɝɣɤɳɦɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɤ ɜɠɫɠɞ ɍɛɭɩ ɥɛɢɛɝ ɴɩ ɢɝʀɟɬɣ ɟɩ ɬɛɧɩʁ ɍɮɫɠɲɲɣɨɣ ɨʀɺɥɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɨɠɧɛ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɬɛɧɛ ɝɩɟɛ ɐɩɲ ɝʀɭɫɮ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɛɦɠ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɞ ɨɛɜʀɞɛɦɣ ɰɝɣɦɺ ɢɛ ɰɝɣɦɠɹ Ɉɛ ɪʀɬɥɮ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɫɛɢɮ ɢ ɪʀɟ ɰɝɣɦɷ ɝɣɫɣɨɛɦɣ ɩɧɣɭʀ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɜɛɫɝɣɬɭʀ ɲɠɫɠɪɛɳɥɣ ɫʀɢɨɩʁ ɯɩɫ ɧɣ Ʌɩɦɣ ɺ ɢɜɣɫɛɝ ʁɰ ɧɛɧɛ ɫɛɪɭɩɧ ɢɛɞɮɥɛɦɛ ³ ȿɣɝʀɭɷɬɺ ɟɣɝʀɭɷɬɺ Ɏ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɩɧɮ ɧɩɫʀ ɞɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɝɛ ɟɠɦɷɯʀɨɣ ɝɣɬɭɫɣɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɢ ɝɩɟɣ ɫɩɢɬɣ ɪɛɹɲɣ ʀɬɥɫɣ ɥɫɛɪɠɦɷ ɧɲɛɦɣ ɨɛɝɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɥɣ ɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɥɫɮɭʀ ɪɩɝɩɫɩɭɣ ɞɛɨɺ ɦɣɬɺ ɩɟɣɨ ɢɛ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɇɠɨʀ ɤ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɬɨɣɭɷɬɺ ɧɩɫɠ ɺ ɲɮɹ ɤɩɞɩ ɳɮɫɰʀɭ ɪɩ ɨɛɜɠɫɠɡɨɩɧɮ ɪʀɬɥɮ ɜɛɲɮ ɟɠɦɷɯʀɨʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɦɣɬɥɮɹɭɷ ɲɩɫɨɣɧɣ ɭʀɦɛɧɣ ɫɩɢɬʀɥɛɹɲɣ ɰɝɣɦʀ ɒɩɫɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɹ ɢɛɪɛɰ ɥɛɧɥɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ Ⱥɧɞɪɿɣɤɨɜɟ ɨɩɨɜɿɞɚɧɧɹ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɣ ɜɢ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ ɹɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɥɿɬɨ ɇɟ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɩɿɞɪɹɞ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɡɦɚɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɬɟ ɳɨ ɧɚɣ ɝɥɢɛɲɟ ɡɚɩɚɥɨ ɞɨ ɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɿ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɜɪɚɡɢɥɨ ɜɚɫ ɐɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɞɟɧɶ ɱɢ ɥɢɲɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɹɤɚɫɶ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɚ ɍ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤ ɩɨɞɿɣ ɚ ɨɩɢɫ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ
ȱȱ Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɮɨɬɨɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ Ɉɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀʀ ɫɩɢɪɚɸɱɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɫɬ
§ 8.
ɉɪɟɮɿɤɫɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ
61. ɍ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɨ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɜʀɞ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɝ" ɫɤɪɿɡɶ ɩɟɪɟ ɬɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɿɜ ɧɚ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ" ɿ ɡɚ ɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ȼɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɿɜ"
ɂɛɾɱɷ ɜʀɞ ʀɢ ɦʀɬɮ ɂɛɾɱɷ ɜʀɞ ɮ ɦʀɬ ɂɛɾɱɷ ɜʀɞ ɝʀɟ ɦʀɬɮ ɂɛɾɱɷ ɜʀɞ ɟɩ ɦʀɬɮ ɂɛɾɱɷ ɜʀɞ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɦʀɬ ɂɛɾɱɷ ɜʀɞ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɦʀɬɮ ɂɛɾɱɷ ɜʀɞ ɢɛ ɦʀɬ
Ɋɫɠɯʀɥɬɣ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ
62. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɝɪɭɩɚɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɪɭɯ ɿɡɫɟɪpɞɢɧɢ ɪɭɯ ɭɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭ ɜɿɞɞɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɱɨɝɨɫɶ ɧɚɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɱɨ ɝɨɫɶ ɪɭɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸ ɱɨɝɨɫɶ ɪɭɯ ɡɝɨɪɢ ɜɧɢɡ ɪɭɯ ɩɿɞ ɳɨɫɶ ɪɭɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɳɨɫɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɱɨɝɨɫɶ ɪɭɯ ɤɪɿɡɶ ɳɨɫɶ ɪɭɯ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɨ ɱɨɝɨɫɶ ɪɭɯ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɛɨɤɢ ɪɭɯ ɡɚ ɹɤɢɣɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɋɜɨʀ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ Ɋɫɠɯʀɥɬ
Ʉɩɞɩ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ
Ƚɣɜʀɞɭɣ ɝɣɪɰɨɮɭɣ ɝɣɧɛɨɣɭɣ Ɋɫɣɜʀɞɭɣ ɪɫɣɥɦɠʁɭɣ ɪɫɣɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɭɣ Ɏɜʀɞɭɣ ɮɝʀɤɭɣ ɝɭɣɬɨɮɭɣ ɝɟɮɧɛɭɣɬɺ Ƚʀɟɜʀɞɭɣ ɝʀɟɳɭɩɝɰɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɝʀɟʀ ɜɫɛɭɣ Ɋɠɫɠɬɭɮɪɣɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɪɩɝɨɣɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɭɣ Ɋɫɩɜɫɛɭɣɬɺ ɪɫɩɭɺɞ ɭɣ ɪɫɩɨɣɢɛɭɣ Ɋʀɟɜʀɞɭɣ ɪʀɟʀɤɭɣ ɪʀɟɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ Ɉɛɥɫɣɭɣ ɨɛɝɛɨɭɛɡɣɭɣ ɨɛɦʀɪɣɭɣ ɋɩɢɜʀɞɭɣɬɺ ɫɩɢɥɣɟɛɭɣ ɫɩɢʀɫɝɛɭɣ ɉɜɜʀɞɭɣ ɩɭɩɲɣɭɣ ɩɜʀɞɫʀɭɣ ɩɜɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɂɛɜʀɞɭɣ ɢɛɰɩɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɢɛɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɂɜʀɞɭɣ ɢɬɮɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɬɥɣɨɮɭɣ ɢʀɪɰɨɮɭɣ
63. ɉɨɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦ ɧɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɢ ɨɠɟɩ , ɢɨɠ , ɨɛɟ , ɪɩɪɩ ɋɜɨʀ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ɬɚɤɭ ɹɤ ɿ ɜ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɦɭ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɿ
Ɉɠɟɩɜɛɲɛɭɣ ɨɠɟɩɪɦɛɭɣɭɣ ɨɠɟɩɬɩɦɣɭɣ ɂɨɠɜɩɦɣɭɣ ɢɨɠɳɥɩɟɣɭɣ ɢɨɠɥɫɩɝɣɭɣ Ɉɛɟɥɮɬɣɭɣ ɨɛɟɪɣɦɺɭɣ ɨɛɟʀɫɝɛɭɣ Ɋɩɪɩʁɢɟɣɭɣ ɪɩɪɩɧɩ ɫɩɲɣɭɣɬɺ ɪɩɪɩɟɮɧɛɭɣ
ȱ Ⱦɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɚɦɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɿɜ Ɉɠɰɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɝʀɟɥɣɨɮɭɣ ɢɛʀɫɡɛɝʀɭɣ ɠɥɢɛɧɠɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɧɠɭɮɳɣɭɣɬɺ ɝʀɟɨɩ ɝɣɭɣ ɩɱʀɨɣɭɣ ɛɞʀɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɪɩɺɬɨɣɭɣ
II. Ɂ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɪɟɧɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ȱ ɋɜɿɬɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ´ɓɦɺɰ µ 65. ɍɬɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɿɜ ɭɫɿ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɩɨɯɿɞɧɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɿɞ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ʁɰɛɭɣ, ʁɢɟɣɭɣ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɏɬɨ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ" 66. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɱɨɦɭ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɬɿ ɫɚɦɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɨ ɡ ɝ, ɬɨ ɡ ɮ Ɉɛɬɭɛɨɠ ɦʀɭɩ ɡɩɝɭɣɤ ɱɝʀɭ ɮɥɫɣɾ ɦɣɪɮ ɟɩ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɣ ɚ ɔɩɞɩɦʀɝ Ɉɛ ɰɝɣɦɣɨɮ ɰɧɛɫɥɛ ɝɥɫɣɦɛ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ Ɇ Ɍɧʀɦɺɨɬɷɥɣɤ ȿɩɴ ɮɭɣɰɛɾ ɇ ɋɣɦɷ ɬɷɥɣɤ ȼɮɫɺ ɨɠ ɝɭɣɰɛɾ Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɲɠɨɥɩ Ɉɠ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɦɣɬɷ ɭɫɣ ɺɬɠɨɣ ɭɩɪɩɦɺ ɝɬɣɰɛɦɛ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ Ȳ ɬɛɟɩɥ ɮɬɩɰ ʀ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɛ ɥɫɣɨɣɱɺ ɢɛɬɣɪɛ ɦɛɬɷ ɇɛɫɥɩ Ƚɩɝɲɩɥ ȼɠɢ ɬɦʀɝ ɮɰɩɪɣɦɛ ɝɩɨɛ >ɧɛɭɣ@ ɤɩɞɩ ɝ ɩɜʀɤɧɣ ɭʀɬɨɩ ɪɫɣɭɮɦɣɦɛ ɟɩ ɬɠɜɠ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ ɚ ɨɛɢɟɩɞɨɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɮɰɩɪɣɝ ɢɛ ɪʀɟɡɛ ɲɩɥ Ⱦ ɐɩɭɥɠɝɣɲ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
Ƚɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬʀɝ ɮ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɰ ɢɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɮ ɟʀʁ ɺɥɮ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ Ɋɫɠɯʀɥɬ ɝɣ ɮ ɝ ɮɝʀ ɝʀɟ ɝʀɟʀ ɪɫɣ ɨɛ ɢ ɢʀ ɬ ɪʀɟ ɪʀɟʀ ɪɠɫɠ ɪɫɩ ɩ ɩɜ ɩɜʀ ɫɩɢ ɫɩɢʀ ɢɛ ɨɠɟɩ ɢɨɠ ɨɛɟ ɨɛɟʀ ɪɩɪɩ
Ʉɩɞɩ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɫɮɰ ʀɢɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ ɫɮɰ ɮɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɮ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ ɫɮɰ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ ɫɮɰ ɢɞɩɫɣ ɝɨɣɢ ɫɮɰ ɪʀɟ ɴɩɬɷ ɫɮɰ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɴɩɬɷ ɫɮɰ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɴɩɬɷ ɫɮɰ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ ɫɮɰ ɮ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɜɩɥɣ ɫɮɰ ɢɛ ɺɥɣɤɬɷ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭ ɨɠɪɩɝɨɩɭɛ ɟʀʁ ɨɠɪɩɝɨɣɤ ɝɣɺɝ ɟʀʁ ɝʀɟɥɣɟɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɢɜɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ ɝʀɟɟʀɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɝʀɟ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɝɛɨʀɬɭɷ ɟʀʁ
67. ȼɿɞ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɡɚɦɿɧɢ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɿɜ ɭɬɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɚɧɬɨɧɿɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɮɝʀɤɭɣ ³ ɝɣɤɭɣ) ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ. Ƚʀɟɪɦɣɝɭɣ ɝʀɟɬɭɠɜɨɮɭɣ ɝʀɟɲɣɨɣɭɣ ɝʀɟɝɣɥɨɮɭɣ ɫɩɢ·ʁɰɛɭɣɬɺ ɫɩɢɪɫɺɞɭɣ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɭɣ ɫɩɢɧɛɞɨʀɭɣɭɣ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɿɜ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɿ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɰɿ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɢ ʀɦ ɧɚɞɚɸɬɶ
ɔɩɬɷ ɨɠɬɥɛɢiɨɨɩ ɲɛɫʀɝɨɠ ʀ ɢɝɩ ɫɮɳɦɣɝɠ ɥɫɣɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɪɫɣɫɩɟʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɧʀɬɺɱɠɧ ɜɩɝɝɛɨʀɹɭɷ ɲɣ ʀɬɥɫɺɭɷɬɺ ɫɩɢɧɣɝɲɛɬɭɣɧ ɝʀɟɦɣɝɩɧ ɲɮɜɛɭʀ ɪɩ ɦɮɥʀɪɥɣ** ɍɩɟʀ ɢɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɩɬɷ ɩɬɷ ɨɛ ɡɣɭɨʀɰ ɬɭɠɫɨɺɰ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɳ ɬɛɧɠ ɦʀɭɩ ɴɩ ɤɟɠ ɨɠɨɛɲɠ ɝɭɩɧɦɠɨɛ ɡɨɣɱɺ
Ɋɫɠɯʀɥɬɣ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ
ʀ ɬɛɧɩ ɬɩɜʀ ɟɣɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ³ ɲɩɞɩ ɝɩɨɩ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɠ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɩ ɲɩɞɩ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɠ ɢɛ ɫɩɟɣɦɩ ɨɛɝɥɫɮɞ ɚɥ ɭɣɰɩ ʀ ɬɦɛɝɨɩ ɮ ɪɩɦʀ Ƚʀɟ ɬɭɠɫɨʀ ʀ ɬɨɩɪʀɝ ɪʀɟʀɤɧɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɛɰɩɴʀ ɝʀɟɝɩ ɦɩɡɠɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɛ ɛ ɢɝɠɫɰɮ ɦɣɨɠ ɬɩɦɩɟɥɛ ɭɠɪɦʀɨɷ ɦɣɪɩɝɩɞɩ ɱɝʀɭɮ Ȼ ɧɩɡɠ ɱɠɤ ɟɮɰ ɫɩɢɭʀɥɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɠ ɝʀɟ ɦɣɪɩɝɩɞɩ ɳɦɺɰɮ ɛ ɩɜɭɫɮɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɦɛɬɥɛɝɩʁ ɧʀɬɺɲɨɩʁ ɪɩɫɩɳʀ ɴɩ ɭɫɠɧɭɣɭɷ ɨɛɟ ɭɩɜɩɹ« ɒɣ ɢɧɩɡɠ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɣɥ ɢɧɛɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɩɬɷ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɪɠɭɫʀɝɲɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ** ɝɠɲʀɫ" ɔɩɜ ʀ ɨɠɝɣɟɣɧɠ ɦʀɭɩ ɤɳɦɩ ɪɩ ɬɭɠɫɨɺɰ ɴɩɜ ʀ ɪɩɦɮɥʀɪɥɣ ɧɩɝ ɡɣɝʀ ɰɦʀɜɩɫɩɜɬɷɥʀ ɨɛɟʀʁ ɟɣɰɛɦɣ ɡɣɭɨʀɧ ɰɦʀɜɩɧ ɴɩɜ ʀ ɧʀɬɺɲɨɛ ɝ·ɺɢɷ ɝ·ɺɢɛɦɛɬɷ ɨɛ ɲɠɫɝɩɨʀɤ ɪɳɠɨɣɱʀ ɴɩɜ ʀ ɫɩɬɣɱɺ ɪɛɟɛɦɛ ɢ ɨɠʁ ɧɩɝ ɬɝʀɭɦɛ ɬɦɷɩɢɛ" Ɉʀ ɭɛɥɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɨɛɧɛ ɦɹɾɳ ³ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɢɧɩɡɠɳ ɇ Ɍɭɠɦɷɧɛɰ
ȱȱ Ɂɚ ɰɢɦ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɿɦ ɡɪɚɡɤɨɦ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɢ ɨɫɿɧɧɿɣ ɫɚɞ ɚɛɨ ɚɥɟɸ ɞɟɪɟɜ ɧɚɞ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɣ ɝɪɭɩɭ ɞɟɪɟɜ ɭ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɹɯ ɩɪɢɡɚɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɧɰɹ ɋɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɣ ɬɟɫɹ ɮɨɬɨɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ
69. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɉɠ ɝʀɟʀɫɝɛɭɣ ɩɲɠɤ ɪɫɣɥɣɪʀɭɣ ɩɲɣɧɛ ɪɣɦɷɨɩ ɨɠɝʀɟɬɭɮɪɨɩ ɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɝɜɣɫɛɭɣ ɩɲɣɧɛ ɢɛɪɛɧ·ɺɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɜɛɲɠɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɩɟɣɭɣ ɩɲʀ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɭɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɩɲʀ ɝɣɺɝɦɺɭɣ ɪɩɟɣɝ ɝɫɛɡɛɭɣ ɩɲʀ ɪɫɣɝɠɫɭɛɭɣ ɮɝɛ ɞɮ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɢɛ ɬɠɫɱɠ ɰɝɣɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɤɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɬɠɫɱɺ ɬɪɩɟɩɜɛɭɣɬɺ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛ ɭɣ ɟɮɰ ɪʀɟɜɛɟɷɩɫɹɝɛɭɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
§ 9.
ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɨɠ ɡ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ
ɂ ɮɬʀɧɛ ɯɩɫɧɛɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɥɫʀɧ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛ ɨɠ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɳɥɩɟɡɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɜɛɲɛɭɷ ɨɠ ɲɮɦɣ ɨɠ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɨɠ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɩ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɤɳɩɝɳɣ ɨɠ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɹɲɣ ɋɛɢɩɧ ɨɠ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɮ ɟɠɝ·ɺɭɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɰ ɨɠɨɛɝɣɟʀɭɣ ɨɠɪɫɣ ɭɩɧɨʀɭɣ ɨɠɝɩɦɣɭɣ ɨɠɪɩɥɩʁɭɣ ɨɠɰɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɠɢɲɮɭɣɬɺ ɨɠɭɠɫɪɠɦɣɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɠɢɟɮɡɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɠɭɺɧɣɭɣɬɺ ɺɥʀ ɜɠɢ ɨɠ ɨɠ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɂ ɲɩɭɣɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɛɜɩ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɠɢɟɮɡɛɭɣ ɰɝɩɫʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɟɮɡɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɞɭɣ ɨɠɬɦɛɝɣɭɣ ɞɛɨɷɜɣɭɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɬɦɛɝɣɭɣ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɦɛɝɦɺ ɭɣ ɨɠɪɩɥɩʁɭɣɬɺ ɭɮɫɜɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ʀ ɨɠ ɪɩɥɩʁɭɣɬɺ ɨɠ ɦɠɡɛɭɣ ɨɠɬɭɺɧɣɭɣɬɺ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɭɣ ɬɛɧɩɝɦɛɟɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɨɠ ɬɭɺɧɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɲɮɭɣ ɨɠ ɝɠɫɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɬɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɋɛɢɩɧ ɨɠ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɮ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬʀ ɨɠɟɩ ɺɥɣɤ ɝɥɛɢɮɾ ɨɛ ɨɠɪɩɝ ɨɩɭɮ ɟʀʁ ɨɠɟɩɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɞɛɨɩ ɲɮɭɣ ɛɦɠ ɨɠ ɟɩɲɮɭɣ ɨɠ ɪɩɲɮɭɣ ɨɠɟɩʁɟɛɭɣ ɞɩɦɩɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɛɦɠ ɨɠ ɟɩʁɟɛɭɣ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɭɣ ʁɡɮ ɨɠɟɩ ɦɹɜɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɠɪɫɣɺɢɨɷ ɨɠɟɩɩɱʀɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɨɠɪɩɝɨɩɹ ɧʀɫɩɹ ɩɱʀɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɨɠɟɩɜɫɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɢɜɛɞɨɮɭɣ ɍɫɠɜɛ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɺɭɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɨɠ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɾ ʀ ɢɛɪɠɫɠɲɨɠ ɬɦɩɝɩ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɨɠɧɛ ɺɥʀ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɪɩ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɮ 70. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɨɠ ɡ ɪɿɡɧɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɚɥ ɨɠ ɰɩɲɠ ɭɩ ɴɠ ɞʀɫɳɠ ɺɥ ɨɠ ɝɧʀɾ ȿɩɥɣ ɨɠ ɝɪɫʀɾɳ ɟɩɭɣ ɤ ɨɠ ɝɧʀ ɾɳ ɒɩɞɩ ɬɛɧ ɨɠ ɦɹɜɣɳ ɭɩɞɩ ɤ ʀɨɳɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɲɣɨɣ Ɉɠ ɰɩɟɣ ɥɮɟɣ ɨɠ ɪɫɩ ɬɣɦɣ ɨɠ ɜɠɫɣ ɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɪɩɥɦɛɝ Ɉɠ ɬɪɣɭɛɝɳɣ ɜɫɩɟɮ ɨɠ ɦʀɢɷ ɮ ɝɩɟɮ Ɉɠ ɟɩɬɦɮɰɛɝɳɣ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɨɠ ɬɪʀɳɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɭɣ ɂɛɪɛɬ ɥɣɳɠɨɹ ɨɠ ɫɝɠ ʀ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɦɠɡɣɭɷ
71. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɨɠ ɡ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɿ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ Ƚɠɬɨɛ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɛ ɨɠɪɩɧʀɭɨɩ Ɉɠɢɲɮɦɣɬɺ ɺɥ ɪɫɩɧɛɤɨɮɝ ʀ ɜɠɫɠɢɠɨɷ ɚ ȼɛɳ Ȼɡ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɝʀɟɲɮɝ >ɉɦɠɞ@ ɴɩ ɨɠɪɫɣɭɩɧɨʀɾ ɝʀɟ ɪɠɫɠɨɛɪɫɮ ɞɣ Ȳɝɛɨ Ɇɠ Ⱦɦɮɰɩ ɢʀɭɰɛɦɣ ɰɝɣɦʀ ɜʀɦʀ ɲɛɤɥɣ ɨɠɪɩɥɩʁɦɣɬɷ ɨɛɟ ɩɢɠɫɩɧ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ Ƚɠɬɷ ɪɩɦɥ ɨɠɟɩɦʀɲɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɬʀɲɩɝɣɥɛ Ȳɝɛɨ Ɇɠ Ɋɫɩ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɢ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɟɣɝ
ɨɠ Ɉɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɢ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ
ɑɷɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥɛ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɠɟɩɩɱʀɨɣɭɣ ɛɦɠ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɩɱʀɨɣɭɣ Ȳ Ƚʀɦɷɟɠ Ȼɡ ɩɬɷ ɟɝɠɫʀ ³ ɫɣɪ ³ ʀ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷ ɮ ɰɛɭɮ ɇɛɫɮɬɺ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠɬɭɺ ɧɣɦɛɬɷ Ⱦ Ʌɝʀɭɥɛ ɉɬɨɩɝ·ɺɨɠɨɥɩ ɚ ɤ ɨɠ ɬɭɺɧɣɦɛɬɷ ɺɥ ɥɣɨɮɦɛɬɷ ɭʀɥɛɭɣ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ
72*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ Ⱦɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɡ ɨɠ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ
Ȳ ɚ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɣɟɡɮ ɫɛɜɬɭɝɛ ɥɛɤɟɛɨɣ Ɋ Ⱦɫɛɜɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ Ɉɛɳɛ ɟɮɧɛ ɨɛɳɛ ɪʀɬɨɺ ɨɠ ɝɧɫɠ ɨɠ ɢɛɞɣɨɠ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ Ɋɫɛɝɟɣ ɢɫɛɟɩɹ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɢɟɩɦɛɭɣ ɋ ȼɫɛɭɮɨɷ Ɉɩɲʀ ɨɩɲʀ ɨɛ Ƚɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɨɩɲʀ ɭɣɰʀ ɲɛɫʀɝɨʀ ɟɠ ɜ ɨɠ ɜɮɝ ɺ ɨɛ ɲɮɡɣɨʀ ³ ɨɠ ɢɛɜɮɭɣ ɝɛɬ ɧɠɨʀ Ȳ ɇɛɨɡɮɫɛ ɇɣ ɨɠ ɢɲɮɦɣɬɺ ɺɥ ɪʀɟɥɫɛɝɬɺ ɬɝʀɭɛɨɩɥ Ƚ Ʌɛɝɛ Ɋɭɛɰɣ ɬɣɦɷɨʀɳɠ ɨɠ ɪɩɥɩʁɦɣɬɷ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹ ɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɐɫɣɪɦɩ ɥɫɺɥɛɹɲɣ ɜɩɥɩɧ ɪɫɩɦɠɭʀɝ ɞɫɛɥ ɧɛɦɩ ɨɠ ɲɠɫɥɛɹɲɣ ɝɠɫɳɥʀɝ ɬɩɨɨɣɰ ɬɩɬɩɨ ɉ Ʌɩɪɣɦɠɨɥɩ ȲȲ ȿɩ ɡɣɝɩɞɩ ɨʀɥɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɟɩɰɩɟɣɦɩ ɲɮɡɛ ɜɩɦɺɲɥɛ ɨɠ ɜɩɦɣɭɷ ɲɮɡɛ ɪɩɭɣ ɦɣɱɺ ɨɠ ɬɝɠɫɜɣɭɷ Ȼ Ɍɝɣɟɨɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɍɫɣɝɩɡɨɠ ɪɩɲɮɭɭɺ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɦɩ ɝ ɬɠɫ ɱɺɰ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝ ɨɠ ɪɩɥɩʁɦɩ ʁɰ ɟɠɨɷ ɮ ɟɠɨɷ ɉ Ɋɩɦɭɩɫɛɱɷɥɣɤ Ƚʀɨ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɜɩɺɭɣɬɺ ɮɬʀɧ ɨɠ ɟɩɝʀɫɺɭɣ Ȳ ɏɫɛɨɥɩ Ʌɩɦɣ ɭɣ ɧɛɾɳ ɝɲɣɨɣɭɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɪɩɞɛɨɠ ɬʀɧ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɪɩɟɮɧɛɤ ³ ɨɠ ɝɲɣɨɣ ɛ ɟɩɜɫɩ ɫɩɜɣ ɨɠ ɟɮɧɛɹɲɣ ɚ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɣɟɡɮ ɜɫɠɰɨɹ ɮ ɝɬɺɥʀɤ ɩɟɠɡʀ ɂ ɭɝ ɇ ɋɣɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ȿɠɰɭɩ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɳɣɬɷ ɭɫɛɥɭɩɫɛɧɣ ɧɩɡɠ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɟɩɩɱʀɨɹɾ ɥɩɨɺ ɉɬɭɛɪ Ƚɣɳɨɺ ɐʀɜɛ ɭɩ ɜɠɢɬɩɝʀɬɨɩ ɴɩ ɺ ɨɠ ɟɩɬɣɪɛɝ ɨɩɲɠɤ ɨɠ ɟɩʁɟɛɝ ɳɧɛɭɥɛ ɰɦʀɜɛ ɭɛ ɝɬɠ ɪɫɛɱɹ ɝɛɝ ɴɩɜ ɬɠɜɠ ʀ ɬʀɧ·ɹ ɬɝɩɹ ɢɛɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɢɦɣɟɨʀɝ" ɇ Ʌɫɩɪɣɝɨɣɱɷɥɣɤ
Ʌɩɧɪɩɢɣɱʀɺ ´Ȳɝɛɨ ɏɫɛɨɥɩ ʀ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɛ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɛµ ɮ ȿɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɧɮ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɩ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɥɮ ´Ɉɛɞɮɾɝɣɲʀµ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
73*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɿ ɨɠɧɛɾ. Ɉɠ ɧɛɾ ɧɮɟɫʀɳɣɰ ɨʀɡ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɮɲɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɇ ɋɣɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ Ɉʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɜʀɦɷɳɩʁ ɦɹɜɩɝʀ ɺɥ ɭɩɤ ɰɭɩ ɟɮɳɮ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɛ ɢɛ ɟɫɮɢʀɝ Ɏ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɛɰ ɬɭɛ ɫɩɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɝɬɠ ɭɛɧ ɫʀɲ ʀɟɠ ɪɫɩ ɡɠɫɭɝɣ ɭɛ ɥɫɣɝɛɝʀʁ ɪɩɟʀʁ Ɇɹɟɣ ɬɪɦɺɭɷ ɬɪɣɭɷ ʀ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɠɾ ɦɣɰɩ ³ ɦɣɰɩ ɬɣɦɣ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɝɬɹ ɨʀɲ ɔɛɬɭɺ ɭɛɥɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ Ɇɠɭɣɭɷ ɜɠɢɮɧɨɛ ɪʀɬɨɺ ³ ɬɭɠɫɠ ɡʀɭɷɬɺ ȼɩ ɡɛɦɷ ɝɛɞɣ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɂɜɣɫɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɧʀɬɭʀ ɢɛ ɫɛɟɩɹ ɫɛɟɛ ɭɛ ɢɞɩɟɣ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɪɛɨɮɾ ɫɩɢɫɛɟɛ ɂ ɭɝ Ɇɠɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɣ
74. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɉɠ ɢɨɛɹɲɣ ɬɨɮ ɤ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɨɥɮ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɫɝɨɩ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɜɮɭɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɬɰɝɣɦɷɩɝɛɨɣɧ ɨɠ ɤɨɺɭɣ ɝʀɫɣ ɨɠ ɝʀɫɣɭɣ ɮ ɝʀɲʀ ɨɠ ɝɣɟɛɭɣ ɢɩɝ ɬʀɧ ɨɠ ɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɫɩɢɮɧɮ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟɮ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɮ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɨɠɧɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɤ ɮɞɩɫɮ ɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɜɮɭɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɢɛɤɨɺɭɣɧ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ȼɩɞɛ ɝ ɬɠɫɱʀ ɜɠɢɟɮɳɨɣɤ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɭɛ ɳɣɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɦɩɥɛ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɾ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɝɟɩɬɭɛɦɷ
§ 10.
ɋɭɮɿɤɫɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ
75. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɿɬɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɹɤɢɯ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɿɜ ɬɜɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɿɞ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɤɿɧɰɟ ɜɢɣ ɫɭɮɿɤɫ ɭɣ ɧɟ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɂɣɧɛ ³ ɢɣɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɧɛɨɟɫɣ ³ ɧɛɨɟɫɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɣɦɛ ³ ɬɣɦɮɝɛɭɣ ɧɛɤɬ ɭɠɫ ³ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɮɝɛɭɣ ɥɩɪʀɺ ³ ɥɩɪʀɹɝɛɭɣ ɨɠɫɝɣ ³ ɨɠɫɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɇɣɫ ³ ɧɣ ɫɣɭɣ ɦɛɟ ³ ɦɛɟɣɭɣ ɥɩɬɛ ³ ɥɩɬɣɭɣ ɝɛɞɛ ³ ɝɛɡɣɭɣ Ɋɩɝɛɞɛ ³ ɪɩɝɛɡɛɭɣ ɬʀɟɦɩ ³ ɬʀɟɦɛɭɣ ɩɜʀɟ ³ ɩɜʀɟɛɭɣ ɜɦɣɬɥ ³ ɜɦɣɴɛɭɣ
76. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɿɬɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɹɤɢɯ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɿɜ ɬɜɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɐɝɩɫɣɤ ³ ɰɝɩɫʀɭɣ ɜʀɦɣɤ ³ ɜʀɦʀɭɣ ɲɩɫɨɣɤ ³ ɲɩɫɨʀɭɣ ȼɦʀɟɣɤ ³ ɜɦʀɟɨɮɭɣ ɥɣɬɦɣɤ ³ ɥɣɬɨɮɭɣ ɞɮɬɭɣɤ ³ ɞɮɬɨɮɭɣ ȿɩɜɫʀɳɣɤ ³ ɟɩɜɫʀɳɛɭɣ ɥɫɛɴɣɤ ³ ɥɫɛɴɛɭɣ ɜɦɣɡɲɣɤ ³ ɜɦɣɡɲɛɭɣ
77. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɿɞɬɿɧɤɿɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɧɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɭ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɢ ɮɝɛ ɬɚ ɨɮ ɋɩɢɪɣɭɛɭɣ ³ ɫɩɢɪɣɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɭɣ ³ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɫɩɢɪɦɮ ɭɛɭɣ ³ ɫɩɢɪɦɮɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɭɣ ³ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɣɭɣ ³ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɝɛɭɣ ɍɮɪɛɭɣ ³ ɭɮɪɨɮɭɣ ɮɬɧʀɰɛɭɣɬɺ ³ ɮɬɧʀɰɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɜɫɣɢɥɛɭɣ ³ ɜɫɣɢɨɮɭɣ ɞɫɹɥɛɭɣ ³ ɞɫɹɥɨɮɭɣ
Ɍɮɯʀɥɬɣ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ
78. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɿɬɶ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɸɱɢ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫ ɤɨɥɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɢɣ ɫɭɮɿɤɫ ɮɝ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɝ ɋɩɢɭɛɳɮɝiɭɣ ³ ɫɩɢɭɛɳyɝɮɝɛɭɣ ³ ɫɩɢɭɛɳyɝɛɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɜɮɟɮɝiɭɣ ³ ɫɩɢ ɜɮɟyɝɮɝɛɭɣ ³ ɫɩɢɜɮɟyɝɛɨɣɤ ɪʀɟɧɛɦɹɝiɭɣ ³ ɪʀɟɧɛɦɷyɝɮɝɛɭɣ ³ ɪʀɟ ɧɛɦɷyɝɛɨɣɤ ɝʀɟɪɫɛɱɹɝiɭɣ ³ ɝʀɟɪɫɛɱɷyɝɮɝɛɭɣ ³ ɝʀɟɪɫɛɱɷyɝɛɨɣɤ ɩɪɣ ɭɮ ɝɛɭɣ ³ ɩɪɣ ɭɮɝɛɨɣɤ ɝɣɞýɥɮɝɛɭɣ ³ ɝɣɞýɥɮɝɛɨɣɤ Ȼ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɮ ɝʀɟɟʀɾɬɦʀɝɨɣɰ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥɛɰ ɫɣɳɭɮɝiɨɨɺ ³ ɫɣɳɭyɝɛɨɨɺ ɞɫɮɪɮɝiɨɨɺ ³ ɮɞɫɮɪyɝɛɨɨɺ
ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝʀɟ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɬɮɯʀɥɬʀɝ ɮɝɛ ɣ ɛ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɬɮɯʀɥɬʀɝ ʀ ɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɝɣɴɩɞɩ ɬɭɮɪɠɨɺ ³ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɛ ɛ Ɍɮɯʀɥɬ ɮɝɛ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɝɥɛɢɮɾ ɨɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɷ ɟʀʁ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛ ɨɣɤ ɝɣɟ ɬɮɯʀɥɬ ɨɮ ɝɥɛɢɮɾ ɨɛ ɩɟɨɩɫɛɢɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɟʀʁ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ ɝɣɟ Ɍɮɯʀɥɬ ɮɝ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɝ ɩɝ ɪʀɟ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɬɩɧ 79. ɍɬɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɂɣɧɛ ɟɣɝɩ ɡɛɫɭ ɞɛɦɛɬ ɞɛɦɷɧɩ ɰɣɜɛ ɥɛɪɫɣɢ ɬɭɣɧɮɦ ɳɛɨɛ ɭɛɝɫɩ ɳɪɛɫɛ ɇɩɫɩɢ ɧʀɬɭ ɬɧɛɥ ɟɢɝʀɨ ɬɮɫɧɛ ɪɩɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɴɛɬɭɺ
80. Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɜɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɨ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɝɠɬɦɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɩɨɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɳɭɛɧ ɪɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɠɫɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɱɺɭɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɛɞɨʀɭɛɭɣ 81. ɍɬɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɋɩɡɠɝɣɤ ɫɺɜɣɤ ɜɛɤɟɮɡɣɤ ɫɛɟɣɤ ɬɝʀɡɣɤ ɞɩɦɩɟɨɣɤ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɤ Ƚɛɡ ɲɣɤ ɝɮɡɲɣɤ ɳɣɫɳɣɤ ɦɠɞɳɣɤ ɭɩɨɳɣɤ
82. ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɪɿɡɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɳɨ ɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ Ɂ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɿɽʀ ɡ ɩɚɪ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ
ɒɩɫɨʀɭɣ ³ ɲɩɫɨɣɭɣ ȼʀɦʀɭɣ ³ ɜʀɦɣɭɣ ȿɫʀɜɨʀɭɣ ³ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɭɣ ɂɦʀɭɣ ³ ɢɦɣɭɣ ȿɮɫʀɭɣ ³ ɟɮɫɣɭɣ Ʌɫɣɝʀɭɣ ³ ɥɫɣɝɣɭɣ Ɍɭɛɫʀɭɣ ³ ɬɭɛɫɣɭɣ
83. Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɫɬɚɥɢɫɹ ɡ ɬɜɿɪɧɨɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɦɿɧɿ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɿɜ
ɂɛɰɣɬɭɣɭɣ ³ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɞɩɬɭɣɭɣ ³ ɪɫɣɞɩɴɛɭɣ ɨɛɜɦɣɢɣɭɣ ³ ɨɛ ɜɦɣɡɛɭɣ ɪɫɩʁɢɟɣɭɣ ³ ɪɫɩʁɡɟɡɛɭɣ Ʌɣɟɛɭɣ ³ ɥɣɨɮɭɣ ɞɦɺɟʀɭɣ ³ ɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɰɩɦɩɟɣɭɣ ³ ɰɩɦɩɨɮɭɣ ɞɦɣɭɛɭɣ ³ ɪɩɞɦɣɨɮɭɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɨɯɿɞɧɿ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ ɦɨɜɢ ɿ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɫɨɛɿɜ
ɚ ɟɣɝɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɩɟɮ ɉɢɠɫɩ ɧʀɨɦɣɝɠ ɤ ɨɠɬɪɩɥʀɤɨɠ ɺɥ ɧʀɨɦɣɝɠ ɤ ɨɠɬɪɩɥʀɤɨɠ ɨɛɟ ɨɣɧ ɨɠɜɩ ɉɢɠɫɩ ɡɣɦɩ ɨɠɜɩɧ Ʉɩɞɩ ɬɩɨɱɠɧ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɰɧɛɫɛɧɣ Ɉɠɜɩ ɬɣɨɾ ³ ɬɣɨʀɦɩ ɬɪɩɥʀɤɨɠ ɪɦɠɬɩ Ɋɦɛɝɛɦɩ ɢɠɦɠɨɠ ɦɛɭɛɭɭɺ ɱɝʀɦɣ ɜʀɦʀ ɤ ɡɩɝɭʀ ɦʀɦɠʁ Ȳ ɨɠ ɝɩɫɮɳɣɦɣɬɺ ɞɮɬɭʀ ɩɲɠɫɠɭɣ Ɉɠɜɩ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɩ ɝɣɳɨɠɝɠ ³ ɝɣɳɨɠɝʀɦɩ ɢɠɦɠɨɠ ɦɛɭɛɭɭɺ ɛ ɬɭɠɜɦɛ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɮ ɝɩɟʀ ɺɥ ɲɠɫɝɩɨʀ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀ Ɏ ɦɠɞɠɨɷɥɩɧɮ ɫɮɧ·ɺɨɱʀ ɫɩɢɪɮɬɥɛɦɣɬɺ ɜʀɦʀ ɤ ɡɩɝɭʀ ɦʀɦɠʁ ɬɛɧʀ ɫɮɧ·ɺɨʀɦɣ ɂɛɥɮɝɛɦɛ ɢɩɢɮɦɺ Ⱦɩɦɩɬ ʁʁ ɟʀɭɥɨɮɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɩɢɠɫɛ ʀ ɩɢɠɫɩ ɝʀɟɞɮɥɨɮɦɩɬɺ ɥɮ ɥɮ« Ȳɢ ɬɛɧʀɬʀɨɷɥɩʁ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɣ ɝɣɜɮɦɷɥɨɮɦɛ ɦɮɨɛ Ɉɛ ɪɦɠɬʀ ɪʀɳɦɣ ɥɩɦɛ Ȳ ɢɜɦɣɬ ɨɮɦɣ ɰɝɣɦʀ ɺɥ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɦɮɬɥɛ Ɍɰɩɟɣɦɩ ɬɩɨɱɠ ȼ ɐɛɫɲɮɥ
ȱȱ Ɏɚɪɛɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɶɨɪɿɜ ɡɧɚɞɨɛɢɥɢɫɹ ɛ ɜɚɦ ɹɤɛɢ ɜɢ ɡɚɯɨɬɿɥɢ ɧɚɦɚɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɨɩɢ ɫɚɧɭ ɜɢɳɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ" ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɜɫɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɨ ɡɦɿɧɭ ɤɨɥɶɨɪɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɧɨɱɿ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɝɡɠ ɬɰɩɝɛɦɩɬɷ ɢɛ ɞɩɫɣ ɰɩɲ ɜɮɦɩ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɪʀɢɨɩ ɇʀɬɭɩ ɝɡɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩ ɥɫɣɭɠ ɟɩɝɞɩɹ ɭʀɨɨɹ ɞʀɫ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɮɢɠɨɷɥɣɤ ɥɫɛɾɲɩɥ ɜɠɫɠɞɛ ɪɠɫɠɟɩ ɧɨɩɹ ɴɠ ɜɦɣɴɛɝ ɝʀɟ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɧʀɨɨɺ Ɏɢɞʀɫ·ɺ ɞɠɭɷ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɢɛ ɧɩɦɩɧ** ɭɠɧɨɩ ɬɣ ɨɷɩɹ ɰɧɛɫɩɹ ɬɪɮɬɥɛɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɧɩɫɠ ʀ ɝɬɠ ɭɠɧɨʀɦɩ ɭɠɧɨʀɦɩ Ɋɩ ɫɩɡɠɝʀɤ ɪɦɩ ɴɣɨʀ ɧɩɫɺ ɪɫɩɜʀɞɛɦɣ ɭɩ ɢɩɦɩɭʀ ɭɩ ɜɦɛɥɣɭɨʀ ʀɬɥɫɣ ɧʀɨɺɦɣɬɷ ɜɦʀɟɦɣ ɛ ɝɥɮɪʀ ɢ ɨɣɧɣ ɜɦʀɟɦɛ ʀ ɫɩɡɠɝɛ ɜɛɫɝɛ Ȼɡ ɩɬɷ ɫɩɡɠɝɛ ɜɛɫɝɛ ɢɨɣɥɦɛ ɪɩɝʀɺɝ ɫɛɪɭɩɝɣɤ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɰɝɣɦɺ ɬɪɦɠɬɨɮɦɛ ɞɩɦɩɬɨʀɳɠ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɣɤ ɥɫɛɾɲɩɥ ɜɠɫɠɞɛ ɪɩɲɩɫɨʀɝ ɭʀɨɷ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɪɩɜʀɞɦɛ ɞɠɭɷ ɛɡ ɨɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɮ ɧɩɫɺ ɴɩ ɝɥɫɣɦɩɬɷ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɧɣ ɜʀɦɣɧɣ ɞɫɠ ɜʀɨɱɺɧɣ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɭɛɥ ɡɠ ɫɛɪɭɩɧ ɢɨɣɥɦɣ ɞɫɠɜʀɨɱʀ ʀ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɛ ɧɩɫɠ ɢɨɩɝ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɬɪɩ ɥʀɤɨɠ ɞɦɛɟɠɨɷɥɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɬɣɢɠ ɺɥ ɞɩɦɮɜɣɨʀ ɥɫɣɦɛ Ɍɠ ɝɪɛɦɩ ɢɨɠɨɛɱɷɥɛ ɦʀɭɨɾ ɬɧɠɫɥɛɨɨɺ ɝɪɛɦɩ ɢɛɭɫɠɧɭʀɦɩ ʀ ɢɨɩɝ ɢɛɬɪɩɥɩʁɦɩɬɷ ȿɛɦɠɥɩ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɨɛ ɬɛɧʀɧ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭʀ ɦɠɦʀɦɩ ɩɪɛɦɩɝɠ** ɬɝʀɭɦɩ ³ ɩɟɜɦɣɬɥ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɉɭ ɴɠ ɰɝɣɦɣɨɛ ʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɢɩɨɭ ɬɭɛɨɠ ɯʀɛɦɥɩɝɣɧ ɴɠ ɰɝɣɦɣɨɛ ʀ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ɮɫɩɲɣɬɭɩ ɝɣɪɦɣɝɠ ɢ ɧɩɫɺ ʀ ɪɫɩ ɬɭɠɦɠ ɟɩ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɜɠɫɠɞɛ ɳɣɫɩɥɮ ɢɩɦɩɭɮ ɪɫɩɢɩɫɮ ɪɮɭɷ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ
44
Ɋɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀ ɤ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
ȱȱ ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɭ ɭɪɢɜɤɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɥɚɧ ɭʀɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɞʀɫ ɰɝɣɦʀ ɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɣɨʀ ɧɩɫɺ ɝʀɟɜɦɣɬɥɣ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɭɩɴɩ ɡɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɜɢ ɫɥɨɜɢ
ȱȱȱ Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɮɨɬɨɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ Ɉɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡɚɯɿɞ ɫɨɧɰɹ ɡɜɟɪɧɭɜɲɢ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɡɦɿɧɭ ɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹ ɣ ɤɨɥɶɨɪɿɜ
86. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɍʀɳɣɭɣ ɩɥɩ ɬɪɫɛɝɦɺɭɣ ɪɫɣɾɧɨɠ ɝɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɮɳɛ ɫɛɟʀɾ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɝʀɟɲɮ ɝɛɾ ɢɛɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɱɠɧ ɫɛɟʀɭɣ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɭʀɰɮ ɫɩɢɞɩɟɣɨɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɠɫɱʀ ɢ·ɺɝɣɝɬɺ ɞɛɫɨɣɤ ɨɛɬɭɫʀɤ ɪɩɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɨɛ ɬɷɩɧɩɧɮ ɨɠɜʀ ɜɮɭɣ ɴɛɬɦɣɝɣɧ ɟɮɫɣɭɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɩɜɧɛɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɟɮɫʀɭɣ ɢ ɡɣɫɮ ɪɩɝɩɟɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɠɬɭɫɣɧɨɩ ɪɩɫɮ ɳɮɹɲɣ ɧɩɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɨɩɫɧɣ
§ 11.
ɉɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ ɣ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ
ɂɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɭɩɞɩ ɺɥɠ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɬɭɛɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɟɩ ʀɧɠɨ ɨɣɥɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɞɩ ɝʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀ ɤ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
87. Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɬɟ ɹɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɿ ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɭ ɫɬɨʀɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɯ ɞɨɞɚɬɨɤ ɡ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɱɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ Ɂ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɹɤɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ
Ɋɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɢɛɞɩɬɭɫɣɭɣ ɥɩɞɩ" ɴɩ" ɩɦʀɝɱɺ ɨɛɪɣɳɠɭɠ ɥɩɞɩ" ɴɩ" ɭɝʀɫ ɪɩɬʀɹɭɷ ɥɩɞɩ" ɴɩ" ɪɳɠɨɣɱɹ ɢʀɫɝɛɝɳɣ ɥɩɞɩ" ɴɩ" ɺɜɦɮɥɩ ɢɮ ɬɭɫʀɲɛɹɲɣ ɥɩɞɩ" ɴɩ" ɟɫɮɞɛ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɤ ɥɩɞɩ" ɴɩ" ɪɩɟɫɮɞɮ Ɉɠɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɟɜɛɭɣ ɪɫɩ ɥɩɞɩ" ɪɫɩ ɴɩ" ɪɫɩ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɮɢɺɝɳɣɬɷ ɢɛ ɥɩɞɩ" ɢɛ ɴɩ" ɢɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɮ ɨɛɟʀɤɬɺ ɨɛ ɥɩɞɩ" ɨɛ ɴɩ" ɨɛ ɬɠɜɠ ɟɺɥɮɾɧɩ ɥɩɧɮ" ɲɩɧɮ" ɝɲɣɭɠɦɺɧ ɢɛɪɩɜʀɞɛɹɲɣ ɥɩɧɮ" ɲɩɧɮ" ɦɣɰɩɝʀ ɨɠɰɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɥɣɧ" ɲɣɧ" ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɩɹ ɜɫɛɥɮɾ ɥɩɞɩ" ɲɩɞɩ" ɟɩɬɝʀɟɮ
88. Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɬɟ ɭ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɭ ɫɬɨʀɬɶ ɞɨɞɚɬɨɤ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɹɤɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɽ ɡɚɩɟɪɟɱɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɨɠ. Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɡ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ Ʌɮɪɣɦɛ ɰɦʀɜ ³ ɨɠ ɥɮɪɣɦɛ ɰɦʀɜɛ ɪɫɩɲɣɭɛɝ ɥɨɣɡɥɮ ³ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɲɣɭɛɝ ɥɨɣɡ ɥɣ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɣɝɳɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ ³ ɨɠ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɣɝɳɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɝʀɟɲɣɨɣ ɝʀɥɨɩ ³ ɨɠ ɝʀɟ ɲɣɨɺɤ ɝʀɥɨɛ
Ƚʀɟ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɬɭɛɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɥɩɞɩ" ɴɩ" ȿɩ ɟɛɭɩɥ ɪɫɣ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝʀ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɮ ɢɨɛɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɮ ɜɠɢ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛ Ɏɬʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ³ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀ ɚɥɴɩ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɣɧ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɩɧ ɾ ɢɛɪɠɫɠɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɥɛ ɨɠ ɭɩ ɟɩɟɛɭɩɥ ɪɫɣ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɮ ɫɩɟɩɝɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɮ 89. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ
Ɋɫɛɝɟɛ ɺɬɨʀɳɛ ɝʀɟ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɭɛ ʁʁ ɢ ɬɝʀɲɥɩɹ ɳɮɥɛɹɭɷ Ƚɬɺɥ ɪɫɩ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ɭɫɮɜɣɭɷ ɭɛ ɨɠ ɝɬɺɥ ɭɮ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ɦɹɜɣɭɷ ɂɛ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ɨɠ ɬɠɫɟɣɬɺ ɢɟʀɤɧɣ ɳɛɪ ɥɮ ɤ ɪɩɥɦɩɨɣɬɺ Ɋɫɛɝɟɣ ɺɥ ɳɣɦɛ ɝ ɧʀɳɥɮ ɨɠ ɬɰɩɝɛɾɳ ɂɛɬɣɪ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ɰɩɲ ɢɦɩɭɩɧ ɢɛɭɩɪɲɣ ʁʁ ɜɩɦɩɭɩɧ ɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɬɠ ɨɛɝɠɫɰ ɬɪɦɣɝɠ Ɉɠ ɳɮɥɛɤ ɪɫɛɝ ɟɣ ɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɩɦɣ ɝ ɭɠɜɠ ʁʁ ɨɠɧɛ
ȱ ɍɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɬɺ ɬɷ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɞɨ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɉɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɢɦ ɬɺ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ ɛɟɡ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɬɺ ɬɭɬ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɫɿ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ
ɉɲɣɬɭɣɭɣ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɳɬɺ ɮɬɛɧʀɭɨɣɭɣɬɺ ɥɮɪɮɹɲɣ ɬɭɠɫɠɡɠɭɠ ɨɺɨɷɲɛɭɷɬɺ ɬɥɮɦɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɬɥɫɩɪɣɝɳɣ ɝɣɫɺɟɣɝɬɺ ɢɧɩɫɣɭɠɬɷ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɛɾ ɢɧɠɨɳʀɭɷ
ȱ, Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɞɜɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɭ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ʀ ´Ɉɠ ɝʀɫµ.
Ɋɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀ ɤ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɡ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ
Ʌɝʀɭɮɾ ɡɣɭɩ ɢɜɛɞɨɣ ʀɬɭɣɨɮ ɥɛɡɮɲɣ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ɢɞɨʀɭɣɝɳɣ ɬɠɫɱɠ ɝɲɣ ɭɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɮ ɭɠɥɬɭ ɬɣɨʀɾ ɨɠɜɩ ɬɭɠɦɣɭɷɬɺ ɭɮɧɛɨ ɬɣɟɡɮ ɝ ɥʀɧɨɛɭʀ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɮɾɧɩ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɝ ɫʀɝɨɩɝɛɞɮ ɪɩɝɛɡɛɤɧɩ ɬɠɜɠ ɮɬɧʀɰɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɟɩ ɟɣɭɣɨɣ ɟɺɥɮɹ ɝɛɧ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɞɜɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɭ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɿ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɨɝɨ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɚ ;9,,, ɫɬ ɒɚɪɥɹ Ɇɨɧɬɟɫɤ¶ɽ ´ɍɫɠɜɛ« ɴɩɜ ɢɨɛɭɣ ɰɩɲ ɭɫɩɰɣµ. 92. ɉɨɞɚɧɿ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɿ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɟɪɟ ɯɿɞɧɿ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ ɬɚ ɹɤ ɰɟ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ʀɯɧɶɨɝɨ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ
ȼʀɦʀɭɣ ³ ɜʀɦɣɭɣ ɢɛɢɠɦɠɨʀɭɣ ³ ɢɛɢɠɦɠɨɣɭɣ ɧɩɦɩɟʀɭɣ ³ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɭɣ ɪɩ ɥɫɛɴɛɭɣ ³ ɪɩɥɫɛɴɣɭɣ
93*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ Ɋɠɫɠɧɛɞɛɤ ɭɫɮɟɨɩɴʀ ɫɩɢɮɧɩɧ ɛ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɛ ɟɩɬɝʀɟɩɧ Ƚ ɥɩɞɩɬɷ ɫɩ ɢɮɧ ɨɠ ɪɩɢɣɲɣɳ Ƚɲɣɬɺ ɲɮɡɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɮɧ ɭɛ ɬɝʀɤ ɨɠ ɢɛɞɮɜɣ ɋɩɢɮɧ ɨɠ ɥɮɪɮɹɭɷ ɛ ɨɛɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɛ ɨɠ ɨɛ ɭɠ ɴɩɜ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɥɛɳɥɠɭ ɨɩɬɣɭɣ Ɉɠ ɫɮɜɛɤ ɭɛ ɞʀɦɦɺɥɛ ɨɛ ɺɥʀɤ ɬɣɟɣɳ ɓɛɨɮɤ ɬɝɩɹ ɞɩɦɩɝɛ ɜɩ ɟɫɮɞɛ ɨɠ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɠ
94. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɪɲ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ ɣ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ Ɉɠ ɬɦɛɝɭɠ ɥɩɜɢɛɫɺ ɪʀɬɨɺɧɣ ɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɧɣ ȿɢɝɠɨɣɭɷ ɤɩɧɮ ɰɝɛɦɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɫɣɟɱɺɭɣɬɭɫɮɨɨɛ Ʌɩɦɣɬɷ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɜɦɣɴɣɭɷ ɧʀɡ ɟɮɳɛɧɣ ɺɬɨɣɧɣ Ȳ ɢɨɣɥɨɠ ɝɬɺ ɰɮɦɛ ɝɩɫɩɡɛ ɨɠɫɩɢɮɧɨɛ Ȳ ɜɮɟɠ ɟɮɰ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɢ ɝʀɥɮ ɝ ɝʀɥ ɬʀɺɭɣ Ɍɠɫɱɺ ɢɱʀɦɹɴɩɹ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɪɩɥɫɩɪɦɺɭɣ Ȳ ɫɛɨɣ ɞɩʁɭɣ ʀ ɬɦɷɩɢɣ ɩɜɭɣɫɛɭɣ Ɋ Ʌɮɦʀɳ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɢ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɡ ɞɨ ɞɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɹɤɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɥɩɞɩ" ɴɩ" Ɍɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɝ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɝʀɥʀɝ Ɉɩɝɩɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɬʀɺɝ ɲɮɟɩɝɩɹ ɥɫɛɬɩɹ ɬɥɫʀɢɷ ɜɮɦɛ ɞɛɫɧɩɨʀɺ ɺɬɨɠ ɪɩɝɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɑɝʀɦɛ ȼɩɡɛ ɧɫʀɺ ɫɩɢɥʀɳɨɛ ɤ ɦɛɞʀɟɨɛ Ɇɹɟɬɷɥɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɪɦɣɦɩ ɭɣɰɣɧɣ ɰɝɣɦɺɧɣ ʀ ɢɦɣ ɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɢ ɭʀɾɹ ɧɫʀɾɹ ɝ ɩɟɨɠ ɩɬɺɤɨɠ ɬɪɩɥʀɤɨɠ ɧɩɫɠ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɬɪɩɥʀɤ ɜɮɝ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɤ ɦɹɟɣ ɡɣɦɣ ɝ ɬɪɩɥɩɹ ɍɛɥ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɂɦɣɤ ɟɮɰ ɬɪɛɝ ɮ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨʀɤ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ Ƚʀɨ ɬɪɛɝ ɟɩɝɞʀ ɝʀɥɣ ʀ ɬɩɨ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɮɝ ɦɣɰɣɤ Ɋɫɩɥɣɨɮɝɬɺ ɢɦɣɤ ɟɮɰ ʀ ɪɩɥɦɣɥɨɮɝ ´Ɇɣɰʀ ɬɨɣ ɧɮɲɛɭɷ ɧɠɨɠ ȿɮɳɛ ɧɩɺ ɫɝɠɭɷɬɺ ɨɠɧɛ ɧɠɨʀ ɬɪɩɥɩɹ Ȼ ɭɛɧ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɛɨɮɾ ɺɬɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɥʀɤ ɧɫʀɺ ɝɩɫɩɞɛ ɧɩɞɩ ɱɝʀɭɠ ʀ ɝɣɭɛɾ ³ ʀ ɨʀɴɩ ɨɠ ɜɠɨɭɠɡɣɭɷ ʁʁ ɒɣ ɧɛɹ ɺ ɨɩɬɣɭɣ ɬɛɧ ɧɩɹ ɭɮɞɮ ɩɞɨɠɨɨɮ ɲɣ ɧɛɹ ɰɩɝɛɭɣ ɧʀɤ ɬɧɮɭɩɥ ɭɠɧɨɣɤ" Ɉʀ ɺ ɥɣɨɮ ɭɮɞɮ ɝ ɬɠɫɱɠ ɨɛɤɧɣɦʀɳɣɰ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɝɩɫɩɞɛ ɧɩɞɩ ɺ ɫɩɢɥɣɨɮ ɨɛɟ ɨɣɧɣ ɬɧɮɭɩɥ ɲɩɫɨɣɧ ɪɩɥɫɣ ɝɩɧ ʀ ɪɩɭɷɧɛɫɣɭɷɬɺ ɧɫʀɺ ɝɩɫɩɞɛ ɧɩɞɩµ ɂɦɣɤ ɟɮɰ ɝɣɤɳɩɝ ɲɩɫɨɣɧ ɟɣɧɩɧ ɢ ɦɩɨɛ Ɋɛɧ·ɺɭɨɣɥ Ɇɠɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɱʀ ɧ Ɉɩɝɩɞɫɛɟ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɢɠɧɦʀ ʀ ɩɞɨɠɨɨɩɹ ɰɧɛɫɩɹ ɪɩɦɣɨɮɝ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɢɠɧ ɦɠɹ Ƚʀɨ ɪɫɩɦʀɭɛɝ ɨɛɟ ɟɩɦɣɨɛɧɣ ɟɠ ɰɝɣɦɹ ɝɛɦɩ ɢɩɦɩɭɠ ɢɜʀɡɡɺ ɟɠ ɫɺɬɨʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɥɦɩɨɣɦɣ ɟɩɟɩɦɮ ɝɛɡɥʀ ɝʀɭɣ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ
ȱȱ ɉɪɨɞɨɜɠɿɬɶ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɭ əɤɿ ɥɢɯɚ ɡɥɢɣ ɞɭɯ ɧɿɫ ɦɿɠ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɿ" əɤ ɥɸɞɢ ɩɪɨ ɬɢɫɬɨɹɥɢ ɡɥɭ" ɉɪɨɞɨɜɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
96. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿ
ȼɛɭɷɥɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝɳɣɬɷ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝ ɴɩ ɟʀɭɣ ɜ·ɹɭɷɬɺ ³ ɇɣɥɩɦɷɱɹ ɰɭɩ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɜʀɤɥɮ" ³ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɝ ɝʀɨ ɬɮɝɩɫɩ ³ Ɏɬɠ ɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɢ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ Ȳɝɛɬɷ ɟɛɝ ɧɠɨʀ ɢɟɛɲʀ
97. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɥ ɝɩɟɣ ɝ ɫɩɭ ɨɛɜɫɛɭɣ ɢɛɧɩɝɥɨɮɭɣ ɨɛ ɺɥɣɤɬɷ ɲɛɬ ɨɠ ɨɹɰɛɭɣ ɪɩɫɩɰɮ ɨɠ ɧɛɭɣ ɟɩɬɝʀɟɮ ɝ ɲɩɧɮ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɩɜɧɣɨɛɭɣ ɞɩɬɭɫʀ ɥɮɭɣ ɮɨɣɥɛɭɣ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɩɥ ɨɛɬɣɪɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɰɝʀɬɭ ɬɩɦʀ ɨɠ ɧɩɞɭɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɥɩɧɮɬɷ ɝɟʀɺɭɣ ɰɩɲ ɥʀɦ ɨɛ ɞɩɦɩɝʀ ɭɠɳɣ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɭɣ ɲɣɾʁɬɷ ɮɪɠɫɭɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɣɤ ɺɥ ɬɩɜɛɱʀ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ɰɝʀɬɭ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɨɠ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɣɤ
Ɉɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
§ 12.
ɇɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ
Ɉɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ʀɨɯʀɨʀɭɣɝ ³ ɱɠ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɛ ɨɠɢɧʀɨɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ Ƚɩɨɛ ɨɠ ɝɥɛɢɮɾ ɨʀ ɨɛ ɲɛɬ ɨʀ ɨɛ ɩɬɩɜɮ ɨʀ ɨɛ ɫʀɟ ɨʀ ɨɛ ɲɣɬɦɩ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾ ɟʀɹ ɛɜɩ ɬɭɛɨ ʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ" ɛɜɩ ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ" Ɉɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɧɛɾ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɬɮɯʀɥɬ ɭɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɭɣ ɮɧʀɭɣ ɫɩɬ ɭɣ ɢɨɛɤɭɣ Ɍɮɯʀɥɬ ɭɷ ɟɩɪɮɬɥɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɝ ɫɩɢ ɧɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɭɛ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɷɩɧɮ ɬɭɣɦɺɰ ɮɧʀɭɷ ɡɣɭɷ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɷ ɒɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɨɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɩʁ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɜɠɢ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɛ ɭɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɹ ʀɨɯʀɨʀɭɣɝɛ ɞɩɝɩɫɣ ɭɣ ɧɩɝɲɛ ɭɣ ɟʀɺ ɭɣ ɪɦɣɝ ɭɣ ɧɣ ɭɣ 98. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɿɬɶ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɢ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ Ɋɠɫɳɩɹ ɟɮɧɥɩɹ ɝ ɉɬɭɛɪɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɰɭɩ" ɴɩ" ɭʀɥɛɭɣ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨ ɬɷɥɣɤ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ȼɩɞɟɛɨ ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ" ɪɩɲɛɝ ɪɫɩɴɛɭɣɬɷ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ ɐɩɲɛ ɜ ɬɥɩɫʀɳɠ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɦɩɬɺ" ɪɩɲɛɦɩ ɬɝʀɭɛɭɣ Ȳ Ƚʀɦɷɟɠ Ⱦɨɛɭ ɝɣɨʀɬ ɭɠɦɺɭʀ ɥɩɞɩ" ɴɩ" ʁɬɭɣ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ɍɭɛɦɛ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɛɭɣɬɺ ɞɩɟɣɨɛ ɺɥɛ" ɫɮɳɛɭɣ ɝ ɟɩɫɩɞɮ Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɲɠɨɥɩ Ɍɭɩɧɣɦɣɬɷ ɰɦɩɪɱʀ ɢɮɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɺɥɩɹ ɧɠɭɩɹ" ɬɪɩɲɣɭɣ
Ɉɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɧɩɡɠ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɭɣ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɧ ɲɦɠ ɨɩɧ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ Ɉɛɤɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɪɫɣɬɮɟɥɛ 99. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨʀ ɩɿɫɧɿ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ
´ɉɤ ɨɠ ɪýɞɛɤ ɪɮɞɛɲɠɨɷɥɮ Ƚ ɢɠɦɠɨɩɧɮ ɜɛɤɫɛɲɠɨɷɥɮ µ ³ ´ɉɤ ɺɥ ɧɠɨʀ ɨɠ ɪɮɞɛɭɣ ɔɩ ɰɩɭɺɭɷ ɜɛɤɫɛɥ ɝɣɫɮɜɛɭɣ Ȼ ɧɠɨʀ ɨʀɞɟɠ ɪɫɩɡɣɭɣ Ɉʀɞɟɠ ɧɠɨʀ ɞɨʀɢɟɛ ɢɝɣɭɣ ɇɛɦɣɰ ɟʀɭɩɥ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀɭɣµ ɍɛ ɤ ɢɛɪýɞɛɝ ɪɮɞɛɲɠɨɷɥɩ Ƚ ɢɠɦɠɨɩɧɮ ɜɛɤɫɛɲɠɨɷɥɮ«
49
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ ɉɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɿɧɮɿɧɿɬɢɜɚ ɧɚ ɛ ɣ ʀ ɩɪɢɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɣ ȼɫɣɨʀɭɣ ɟʀɦɣɭɣ ɢɧɩɞɭɣ ɩɬɺɺɭɣ ɢɝɩɦʀɥɛɭɣ ɝɟʀɦɣɭɣ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɭɣ ɪɩɨɠɬ ɭɣ ɢɨʀɭɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ·ɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɢɝɠɢɭɣ ɢ·ʁɡɟɡɛɭɣ ɝɩɦʀɭɣ ɝɣɪɦɣɝɭɣ ɢ·ʁɢɟɣɭɣ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɬɪɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɭ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɿ ɧɿɦɟɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɚ ɏ9ȱȱȱ ɫɬ Ƀɨɝɚɧɧɚ Ƚɟɪɞɟɪɚ ´ɐɭɩ ɨɠ ɦɹɜɣɭɷ ɨɠ ɢɛɬɦɮɞɩɝɮɾ ɨɛ ʀɧ·ɺ ɦɹɟɣɨɣµ ȱ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɭɪɢɜɤɚ ɜɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɣ ɩɨɪɹɞ ɞɨɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɭ ɍ ɞɭɠɤɚɯ ɫɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɜɢɞ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɝɠɟɠ ³ ɝɠɬɭɣ ɨ ɝ . Ɏ ɨɛɪʀɦɷɨɠ ɝʀɥɨɩ ɝɣɟɨɩ ɟɩɫɩɞɮ ɴɩ ɝɠɟɠ ɢ ɪɩɦɺ ɍɣɧʀɳ ɧɛɦɣɤ ɥɩɝɛɦɠɨ ɥɩ ɞɩɟɣɨɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɝɩɟɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɨɠʁ ɩɲɠɤ Ⱦɠɨ ɝɟɛɦɣɨʀ ɢɛɥɮɫʀɦɩ ɢɛɝɠɫɭʀɦɩ ɝɬɠ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ɤ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ³ ɥɩɭɣɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɣɭɛɨɱɷɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɝɣɰɩɫ ɥɫɮɭɣɭɷ ɪɣɦɹɞɮ ɬɩɦɩɧɮ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɛɾ ɳɣɫɳɛɾ ɝɡɠ ɪʀɟɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɟɩ ɰɛɭɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɛɭɮɦɣɝ ɪɩ ɫɩɰɨɩɧ ɮɬɠ ɪɩɦɠ ʀ ɨɠɜɩ ɭɛ ɤ ɮɝʀɞɨɛɝɬɺ ɝ ɬɠɦɩ ɴɠ ɪɩɳɣɫɳɛɝ ɴɠ ɪɩɝɣɴɛɝ ³ ʀ ɦɩɪɨɮɝ ɺɥ ɜɮɦɷɥɛ ɢɩɬɭɛɝɣɝɳɣ ɝɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɭɫɠɧɭɺɲɣɰ ɜɛɟɣɦɣɨ ɭɛ ɞɮɬɺɲɠ ɪɠɫɩ Ȳ ɢɛɨʀɧʀɦɛ ɟɩɫɩɞɛ Ɋɫɣɲɛʁɦɛɬɷ ɪɩɞɛɬɦɩ ɨɛ ɨʀɤ ɝɬɠ ɍɛɧ ɟɠ ɰɩ ɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɡɣɭʀ ɜɦɛɥɣɭɨʀɾ ɢɦɠɞɥɛ ³ Ɉɠ ɟɣɝɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɝɣɰɩɫ ³ ɥɛɡɠ ɧɛɭɣ Ȱ Ⱦɮɱɛɦɩ
ȱȱ Ɋɨɡɩɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɜɿɪ¶ɹ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɜɢɯɨɪɨɦ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɿɞɪɹɞ ɭ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɭ ɣ ɛɿɥɹ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɞɨɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɢ ɡ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɧɨʀ ɧɢɠɱɟ
ɉɬɦɛɜɨɮɭɣ ɰɣɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɭɣ ɥɮɤɩɝɟɣɭɣ ɩɜɧɛɨɮɭɣ ɹɫɧɣɭɣɬɺ ɬɪɮɬɥɛ ɭɣɬɺ ɬɰɮɟɨɮɭɣ ɝɠɳɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛɬɧʀɦɣɭɣɬɺ ɬɥɣɞɦɣɭɣ Ɍɣɨɩɨʀɧɣ ɝɩɦɩɲɣɭɣɬɺ ɢɝɛɡɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ·ʁɡɟɡɛɭɣ ɢɧɛɫɨʀɭɣ ɥɩɦɣɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɥɩɳɦɛɭɣɭɣ ɨɣɭɣ ɩɰɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɩɳɮɥɛɭɣ ɭɩɝɪɣɭɣɬɺ ɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ
,ȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɞɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɯ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɭ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɿ ɪɨɫɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ Ⱥ ɑɟɯɨɜɚ ´Ɋɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɝɣɰɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɝ ɬɩɜʀ ɬɧɛɥ ɟɩ µ ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɉɪɢɞɢɜɿɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɨ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɭ ɛɭɞɭɽ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɿ ɫɥɨ ɜɚɦɢ ɨɠɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɿ ɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ. ɑɢ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɰɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɜɠɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɭ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ"
ɚɥɣɤ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥɣɤ ɦɠɡɮ ɺ ɝ ɟʀɟɩɝɩɧɮ ɲɩɝɨʀ ʀ ɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɹ ɪɫɣɾɧɨɣɰ ʀ ɪɫɣɥɫɣɰ ɫɠɲɠɤ ɚɥ ɨɠɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɥɩɦɣ ɜɛɜɛ ɥɦɺɨɠ ɛɜɩ ɥɩɦɣ ɤɟɠ ɟɩɴ ʀ ɨɠ ɝɴɮ ɰɛɾ Ɉɠɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɥɩɦɣ ɪ·ɺɝɥɛ ɝɪɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɡɣɡɥɮ ɲɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɞɛɝɥɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɭɠɜɠ ɲɮɡʀ ɪɬɣ ɛɜɩ ɞɮɬɥɛ ɬɣɲɣɭɷ ɜʀɦɺ ɨʀɞ ʀ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɣɧ ɟɢɷɩɜɩɧ ɬɥɮɜɠ ɢɛ ɳɭɛɨɣ Ȼ ɺɥ ɨɠɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɝ ɩɟɨʀɤ ɫɮɱʀ ɨɠɬɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɝʀɟɫɩ ɝɩɟɣ ɲɣ ɪɩɦɩɭɷ ʀ ɪɛɬɣɨɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɭɹɭɹɨ Ɉɠɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɺɥ ɜɛɭɷɥɩ ɪɫɣɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɪ·ɺɨɣɤ ʀ ɜ·ɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɟʀɟɩɧ ɢ ɧɛɭʀɫ·ɹ ɛɜɩ ɜ·ɾ ɪɩɬɮɟ Ɉɠɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɜɩɬɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɬɭɠɫɨʀ ɛɜɩ ɬɧʀɺɭɣɬɷ
Ɉɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
ɮ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɷɬɺ ɬɧʀɳɨɩ Ȳ ʁɰɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɝɩɢʀ ɢ ɬʀɨɩɧ ɨɠɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɥɩɦɣ ɝʀɢ ɩɬɷ ɩɬɷ ɪɠɫɠɥɣɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɫʀɲɥɮ Ɉɠɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɝɩɞɩɨɷ ɛ ɩɭ ɨɛ ɧɛɦɣɤ ³ ɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ Ȳ ɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɩɜɨʀɧɛɭɣ ɦɩɳɛ Ȼɜɩ ɪɫɩɥɣɨɮɭɣɬɷ ɮɟɩɬɝʀɭɛ ʀ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɝ ɰɛɭʀ ɭɠɦɺ ɴɩ ɨɛɤɳɦɩɬɺ ɝɨɩɲʀ Ɋɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɜɫɩɟɣɭɣ ɪɩ ɭɠɪɦɣɰ ɥɛɦɹɡɛɰ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɞɫɩɧɮ ɤ ɟɩɴɮ ɲɣ ɦɩɝɣɭɣ ɴɮɲɩɥ ɫɮɥɛɧɣ ɬɥɛɦɛɧɮɭɣɝɳɣ ɝɩɟɮ ɛɜɩ ɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɷ ɺɥ ɭɺɞɨɮɭɷ ɝɩɦɩɥɛ** Ɋɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɢɨɛɤɭɣ ɝ ɭɫɛɝʀ ɪɭɛɳɣɨɠ ɥɮɜɦɩ Ɋɫɣɾɧɨɩ ʁɬɭɣ ɪɛɬɥɮ ɤ ɥɫɛɳɛɨɥɣ Ɋɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɥɩɦɣ ɝɠɬɨɩɹ ɝɩɟɛ ɢɛɦɣɝɛɾ ɰɛɭɮ ɤ ɬʀɨɣ ʀ ɝɬʀ ɜɫɩɟɺɭɷ ɪɩ ɝɩɟʀ Ɋɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɬɪɛɭɣ ɝ ɲɩɝɨʀ ɝ ɡɣɭʀ ɝ ɪɫɩɬʀ ɝ ɺɲɧɠ ɨʀ ɮ ɝɬɺɥɩɧɮ ɨɛɬʀɨɨʀ ɨɛ ɪɠɲʀ Ȳ ɢɛɪɛɰ ɝɬɺɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɬʀɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɾɧɨɣɤ Ɋɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɭɺɞɛɭɣ ɥɩɪɣɱʀ ɟɩ ɬɭɩɞɮ ɤ ɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɬɭɩɞʀɝ ɪɩ ɨɛɬʀɨɨɹ Ɋɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɥɩɦɣ ɺɜɦɮɥɩ ɪɫɩ ɺɥɠ ɟɮɧɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɥɣɬɦɠ ɝɣɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɩɦɩɟɥɣɧ Ɋɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɩɢʀɰɛɾ ɟʀɟ ʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɟɢɝɩɨɺɭɷ ɟɩ ɝɠɲɠɫɨʀ ɦʀɭɩɧ Ȳ ɴɠ ɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɦɹɜɣɝ ɺ ɥɩɦɣ ɟʀɟ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɝ ɢ ɥɩɨɠɧ ʀ ɦɩɳɛɧ ɺɥ ɢ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɛɧɣ ɉ ȿɩɝɡɠɨɥɩ
ȱȱ ɉɪɨɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɿɸ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɭ ´ɔɩ ɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɛ ɴɩ ɨɠɪɫɣɾɧɨɩµ ɯɚɣ ɤɨɠɟɧ ɭ ɤɥɚɫɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɜɨʀ ɦɿɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ
104. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɋɫɣɪɛɬɭɣ ɟɩ ɬɠɫɱɺ ɬɪɩɟɩɜɛɭɣɬɺ ɥɩɫɭɣɭɷ ɺɥ ɧɠɟɮ ɦɣɢɨɮɭɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɰɩ ɲɠɭɷɬɺ ɡɟɮɭɷ ɺɥ ɬɝɺɲɠɨɩʁ ɪɛɬɥɣ ɨɠɭɠɫɪɦɺɲɠ ɩɲʀɥɮɹɭɷ ɺɥ ɜɣ ɰɭɩ ɨɛ ɬɭɩ ɥɩɨɠɤ ɝɣɬɛɟɣɝ ɟɮɡɠ ɫɛɟɣɤ ɴɛɬɦɣɝɣɤ ɨɩɬɣɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ɢ ɪɣɬɛɨɩɹ ɭɩɫɜɩɹ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɾ ɨɛɟɧʀɫɨɮ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɺɥ ɮ ȼɩɞɛ ɢɛ ɪɛɢɮɰɩɹ ɜɠɢɭɮɫɜɩɭɨɩ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɡɣɭɣ ɺɥ ɝɛɫɠɨɣɥ ɮ ɬɧɠɭɛɨʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɢɛɧɩɡɨɩ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
§ 13.
ɉɿɞɫɭɦɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɦɢ ³Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɨ´
105. Ɋɨɡɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɨ ɜ ɰɿɥɨɦɭ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ Ⱦɥɹ ɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɳɟ ɩɨ ± ɜɥɚɫɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɿɜ
Ȳ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ ɺɥ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɩɝɣ Ɉɠɢɧʀɨɨʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɬɥɛɢɛɭɣ ɬɥɛɢɛɨɩ ɥɛɡɮɲɣ ɬɥɛɢɛɝɳɣ« ɂɧʀɨɨʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ ɬɥɛɡɮ ɬɥɛɢɛɨɣɤ« ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɭɣ ɢʀɝ·ɺɝ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɷ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɭɣ ɧɣɦɮɹɬɺ ɬɪʀɝɛɭɣɧɮɭɷ Ɋɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɢʀɫɝɛɭɣ ɥɩɞɩ" ɴɩ" ɺɜɦɮɥɩ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɝ ɥɩɞɩ" ɴɩ" ɟɫɮɞɛ Ɉɠɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɟɺɥɮɝɛɝ ɥɩɧɮ" ɲɩɧɮ" ɟɫɮɢɺɧ ɪɩɫɛɟɣɝɬɺ ɢ ɥɣɧ" ɢ ɲɣɧ" ɢ ɧɛɧɩɹ« ȲȲ ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ Ɋɫɠɯʀɥɬɣ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɝɜʀɞɭɣ ɢɛɜʀɞɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɜʀɞɭɣ ɪɩɨɛɜʀɞɛɭɣ Ɍɮɯʀɥɬɣ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɥɩɦɺɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɜʀɦʀɭɣ ɬɭɮɥɨɮɭɣ« ,,, Ɉɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɢ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ȿɠɝ·ɺɭɷ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɢ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɨɠ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɣɳɠɭɷɬɺ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɨɠɰɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɣɟʀɭɣ ɒɩɭɣɫɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɢ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɪɣɬɛɭɣɬɺ ʀ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ ɨɠɢɟɮ ɡɛɭɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɟɮɡɛɭɣ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɢ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬɩɧ ɨɠɟɩ ɨɠɟɩɜɛɲɛɭɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɟɩɜɛɲɛɭɣ ɨɠɟɩʁɬɭɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɟɩʁɬɭɣ ɋɩɢɫʀɢɨɠɨɨɺ ɨɠɧɛɾ ʀ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɲɛɬɮ ʀ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɲɛɬɮ Ɉɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɢ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɝ ɮɬʀɰ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɛɰ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɹ ɨɠ ɲɮɝɛɨɩ ɨɠ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɹɲɣ
106. ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ʀɜ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɜɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɜɢɞ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɧɨʀ ɧɢɠɱɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮµ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɪɛɟɛɾ ³ ɰɟ ɨɡɧɚ ɱɚɽ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɟ
Ȳ ɂ ɨɠɜɛ ɰɦʀɜ ɨɠ ɪɛɟɛɾ ɂ ɪɩɦɩɝɣ ɰɦʀɜɛ ɨɠ ɬɪɠɲɠɳ Ʌɫɛɴɠ ʁɬɭɣ ɰɦʀɜ ɢ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɨʀɡ ɡɣɭɣ ɲɮɡɣɨɩɹ Ɏɬɷɩɞɩ ɰɦʀɜɛ ɨɠ ɪɩʁɬɣ Ɉɛɟʀɺɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɣɫɩɞɣ ɭɛ ɜɩɫɴɮ ɨɠ ʁɝ ɂ·ʁɝɳɣ ɥɛɦɛɲ ɜɠɫɣɬɺ ɢɨɩɝ ɟɩ ɰɦʀɜɛ
ȲȲ ɔɩ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɧɛɾɳ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɛɤ ɨɛ ɢɛɝɭɫɛ ɒɮɡɩʁ ɫɩɜɩ ɭɣ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɫɩɜɣɳ ɐɭɩ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɫɩɜɣɭɷ ɭɩɤ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɲɛɬɮ
Ɋʀɟɬɮɧɥɩɝɠ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɧɣ ´ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɩµ
Ɉɠ ɨɛɝɲɣɝɳɣɬɷ ʀ ɪɩɬɭɩɦɛ ɨɠ ɬɪɦɠɭɠɳ ɓɝɣɟɥɩʁ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɨʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɰɝɛ ɦɣɭɷ ɋɩɜɣ ɨɠ ɺɢɣɥɩɧ ɛ ɫɮɥɛɧɣ ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɏɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
Ƚɣɟ
Ɋɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ
³
³
³
ɨɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ
ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ
ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɠ
ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝɛ
ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ
ɨɠɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɠ
ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ
ɯɩɫɧɛ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ
ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ
ɑɣɯɫɩɝɣɤ ɥɩɟ
Ɋɫɣɧʀɭɥɛ ɑɣɯɫɩɝɣɧ ɥɩɟɩɧ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɾɧɩɬɺ ɭɛɥ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɮ ɫɠɲɠɨ ɨʀ Ɋɫɣɬʀɝɳɣ ɨɛ ɪɠɨɷɥɮ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɪɩɦɺɨɣ ɺ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɝ ɝɣɟɩɝɣɬɷɥɩ ɭɮɧɛɨɨɠ ɇ ɋɣɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɬɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɪɫɣɬʀɝɳɣ ʀ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɝ Ɋɠɫɳɠ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ ɧɛɾ ɭɛɥʀ ɞɫɛɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɯɩɫɧɛ ³ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɱɺ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɱɣɯɫɣ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ ɝɣɟ ³ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɱɣɯɫɣ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɠ ³ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɱɣɯɫɣ ɉɭɡɠ ɢɛɪɣɬɮɾɧɩ ɪɫɣɬʀɝɳɣ ³ ɍɛɥ ɬɛɧɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɧɩ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɝ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛ ɨɣɤ ɝɣɟ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɠ ɉɭɡɠ ɢɛɪɣɬɮɾɧɩ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɝ ³ ɑɣɯɫɩɝɠ ɥɩɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɛɾ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɮɨɣɥɨɮɭɣ ɞɫɩɧʀɢɟɥɣɰ ɢɛɪɣɬʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɦɠɞɳɮɾ ɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɥɮ
107*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ Ɉɠ ɟɛɝɳɣ ɬɦɩɝɛ ³ ɟɠɫɡɣɬɷ ɛ ɟɛɝɳɣ ³ ɥɫʀɪɣɬɷ ɉɟɣɨ ɪɩɟɛɾ ɝʀɬʀɧ ɥɦɛɟɠ ʀ ɥɫɣɲɛɭɷ ³ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɛɦɹɤ Ɉɠ ɪɫɩɟɛɝɛɤ ɝɩɝɥɛ ɪɩɥɣ ɨɠ ɝɜɣɝ Ɉɠ ɢɛɧɩɲɣɝɳɣ ɨʀɞ ɨɠ ɢɦɩɝɣɳ ɫɣɜɥɣ Ɇɩɡɥɩɹ ɨɠ ɝɣɲɠɫɪɛɾɳ ɝɩɟɣ ɢ ɧɩɫɺ Ɉɠ ɧɛɾ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɬɰɩɝɛɨɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɜ ɨɠ ɩɜ·ɺɝɣɦɩɬɷ ɂ ɪʀɬɨʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɠ ɝɣɥɣɟɛɹɭɷ ʀ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɝɬɭɛɝɦɺɹɭɷ
108*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ ɍɣ ɰɩɟɣɳ ɬɛɧɛ ɜɦɮɥɛɾɳ ɺɥ ɬɣɫʀɭɥɛ ɨɠ ɟɩɜ·ɾɳɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɭɠɜɠ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɇ Ʌɫɩɪɣɝɨɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɉɭ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɩɨɠɝʀɫɺɾɭɷɬɺ ʀɢ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɬɭɛɫɣɧ ɝ ɮɜɩɞʀɤ ɰɛ ɭɣɨʀ ɨɠ ɟɩʁɟɛɾ ɤ ɨɠ ɟɩɬɣɪɛɾ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɇɩɾ ɩɥɩ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɟɩɞɦɺɟɣɭɷ ɇɛɫɥɩ Ƚɩɝɲɩɥ Ʌɮɪɠɱɷ ɭɩɤ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɨɠɪɫɛɝɟɣ ɫɩɜɣɝ ɧʀɫɺɝ ɳɣ ³ ɨɠ ɟɩɧʀɫɹɝɛɝ ɝɛɡɣɝɳɣ ³ ɨɠ ɟɩɝɛɡɮɝɛɝ ɟɮɫɣɝ ɦɹɟɠɤ Ⱦɫɣɱɷɥɩ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫɠɨɥɩ Ⱦɛɢɠɭɣ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɨɠ ɟɩɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɪɫɩɬɝʀɲɠɨɣɰ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɠ ɜɛɲɛɭɷ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
109*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ Ɂɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɜɿɞɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɔɩ ɦʀɭɛɾ ɥɫɣɦ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɛɦɠ ɥɫɣɦɛ ɪʀɟʀɤɧɛɾ Ȱ ɥɫɣɦɛ ³ ɨɠ ɦʀɭɛɹ ɨʀɞ ɨɠ ɧɛɹ ɛ ɞɮɦɺɹ ɪɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɨɠ ɰɩɟɡɮ ɨɛ ɨɠɜɩ ɨɠ ɟɣɝɦɹɬɺ ɢʀɫɩɥ ɨɠ ɦʀɲɮ ɝɠɬɷ ɲɛɬ ɧɩɝɲɮ ȼʀɡɛɭɷ ɟɝɛ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɟɩɡɠɨɮɭɷ Ƚʀɟɞɛɟɥɣ ɝɠɦɩɬɣɪɠɟ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɫɣɜɛ
110. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ʌɩɡɨɛ ɡɣɦɥɛ ɟɫɣɡɣɭɷ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɾ ɬɣɦɷɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɛɡ ɡɣɡɥɣ ɭɫɮ ɬɺɭɷɬɺ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɾ ɬɣɦɷɨɠ ɜɛɡɛɨɨɺ ɜɠɫɠ ɬɭɫɛɰ ɜɮɭɣ ɺɥ ɨɛ ɞɩɦɥɛɰ ɭɫɣɝɩɡɣ ɭɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɡɣɝɛɭɣ ɧɩɫɩɢ ʀɟɠ ɪɩɢɛ ɳɥʀɫɩɹ ɧɩɭɩɫɩɳɨɩ ɪɩɲɮɝ ɧɮɫɛɳɥɣ ɢɛ ɬɪɣɨɩɹ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɬɭɫɛɳɨɩ ɮɬɥɩɲɣɭɣ ɝɣɴɠ ɰɛɦɺɝ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɭɣ ɝ ɬɥɫɮɭɨɠ ɬɭɛ ɨɩɝɣɴɠ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ȱ9 ɉɟɪɫɨɧɿɮɿɤɚɰɿɹ ɹɤ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɔɩɜ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɮɺɝɣɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɜʀɞ ɺɥɩɞɩɬɷ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɲɣ ɪɩ ɝɠɟʀɨɥɮ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɧɣ ʁɧ ɪɫɣɪɣɬɮɾɧɩ ɦɹɟɬɷɥʀ ɺɥɩɬɭʀ ɪɠɫɬɩɨʀɯʀɥɮɾ ɧɩ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɩɦɹɟɨɹɾɧɩ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɬɪɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɥɸɞɫɶɤɿ ɪɢɫɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɢ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɚɥɢ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɚɦ ɋɩɢɪɚɸɱɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɜɨʀ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɞ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɢ ɨɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɭ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɜɿɞɨɦɨʀ ɜɚɦ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɢ ɚɛɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɤɚɡɤɭ ɝɟɪɨɹɦɢ ɹɤɨʀ ɛɭɞɭɬɶ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɢ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɡ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɚɦɢ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɞɚɸɬɶ ʀɦ ɰɿ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɢ
ɉɟɨɩɞy ɫɛɢɮ ɪɩʁɰɛɦɣ ɧɣ ɝɮɟɣɭɣ ɫɣɜɮ ȿʀɤɳɩɝ ɢ ɨɛɧɣ ɟɩ ɜɠɫɠɞɛ ɥʀɭ ɒɮ ɟɣɦɩ ɛ ɝ ɲɩɝɠɨ ɨɠ ɪɩɦʀɢ ɨɠ ɬɰɩɭʀɝ Ƚɣɜɫɛɝɬɷ ɨɛ ɟɩɳɥɮ ɴɩ ɥɩɦɩ ɨɠʁ ɪɠɫɮɭɷ ɜʀɦɣɢɨɮ ɤ ɬɣɟɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɭʀɤ ɟɩɳɱʀ ɨɛɟ ɝɩɟɩɹ Ȼ ɪʀɟ ɟɩɳɥɩɹ ɞɮɦɺɹɭɷ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥʀ ɫɣɜɥɣ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɩɟɥɣ ȿɣɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɢɞɩɫɣ ɥʀɭ ɒɮɟɣɦɩ ³ ɧɛɜɮɭɷ ɬɧɛɲɨʀ ɫɣɜɥɣ ɭɛ ɝ ɧɩɥɫɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɪɦɛɝɛɹɭɷ ȿɣɝɣɝɬɷ ɟɣɝɣɝɬɷ ɭɛ ɤ ɢɛɬɨɮɝ ɨɛ ɬɩɨɠɲɥɮ Ɉɛɦɩɝɣɦɣ ɧɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɩɟɩɥ ȼɮɝ ɮ ɨɛɬ ɢɟɩɫɩɝɠɨɨɣɤ ɬɣɨʀɤ ɞɦɠɥ ɭɩɤ ɴɩ ɝɩɟɮ ɬɭɛɝɦɺɭɷ ɥɩɦɩ ɮɧɣɝɛɦɷɨɣɥɛ ɂɛɲɠɫɪɨɮɦɣ ɧɣ ɭɣɧ ɞɦɠɥɩɧ ɝɩɟɣ ʀ ɨɛ ɪɮɬɭɣɦɣ ɭɮɟɣ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɩɟɩɥ ɪɩɝɨɩ Ȳ ɪɩɪɦɣɝɦɣ ɲɩɝɨɩɧ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ Ɋɫɩɥɣɨɮɝɬɺ ɥʀɭ ɒɮɟɣɦɩ ɪɫɩɭɠɫ ɦɛɪɥɛɧɣ ɩɲʀ ɤ ɟɣɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɲɣ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɝɠɢ ɦɣ ɧɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ ɬɧɛɲɨɠɨɷɥɩɞɩ Ɋɩɦɛɢɣɝ ɮ ɨɛɬ ɪɩ ɪɦɠɲɛɰ ɪɩ ɥɣɳɠɨɺɰ ³
Ɋʀɟɬɮɧɥɩɝɠ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɧɣ ´ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɩµ
ɨɠɧɛɾ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɍɩɟʀ ɺɥ ɞɦɺɨɮɝ ɮ ɨɛɳ ɞɦɠɥ ³ ʀ ɢɛɥɛɧ·ɺɨʀɝ ɋɣɜɩɥ ɮ ɞɦɠɥɮ ɭɛɥ ɫɺɬɨɩ ɴɩ ɝɩɟɣ ɧʀɡ ɨɣɧɣ ɨɠ ɝɣɟɨɩ Ɋɦɛɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɦɮɭɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɟɨɛ ɨɛ ɩɟɨɮ ɨɛɦɛɢɺɭɷ ³ ɛɡ ɲɩɫɨɩ ɝ ɞɦɠɥɩɝʀ ɇ Ʉɩɞɛɨɬɠɨ
ȱȱ ɉɟɪɟɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɫɜɨʀɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɣ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɿ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɡ ɱɚɫɬɤɨɸ ɨɠ. ɉɭ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɴɩ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷ ɴɣɞɦɣɥʀɝ ɪɫɣɨʀɬ ȼɮɟɠ ɫɩɜɩɭɛ ɔɠ ɤ ɺɥɛ ȼɩ ɭɩ ɤ ʁɬɭɣ ɭɫɠɜɛ ʁɧ ɟɛɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɪɩʁɭɣ ʀ ɝ ɥɦʀɭɱʀ ɦɛɟ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɴɩɜ ɜɮɦɩ ɲɣɬɭɩ Ȳ ɰɦɩɪɠɱɷ ɪɣɦɷɨɮɝɛɝ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɭɛɳɩɥ Ȼ ɝɩɨɣ ɭɛɥɣ ɨʀɺɥ ɨɠ ɰɩɭʀɦɣ ɬɪʀɝɛɭɣ ɇɩɡɠ ɥɦʀɭɥɛ ɟɦɺ ɨɣɰ ɢɛɧɛɦɛ ʀ ɨɠ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɥɮɟɣ ɞɩɦɩɬɮ ɪɮɬɭɣɭɣ ɧɩɡɠ ʁɧ ɢɠɫ ɨɩ ɨɠ ɬɧɛɥɮɾ ɛ ɧɩɡɠ ɜ ɭɛɥ ɟɩ ɝɩɟɣ ɟɩɬɣɪɛɭɣ ɱɮɥɫɮ" Ȼɡ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɟɨɺ ɺɥ ɜɮɝ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɢ ɭɛɭɩɧ ɬɪɣɭɛɝɬɺ ³ ɍɛɭɮ ɛ ɲɩɧɮ ɭʀ ɴɣɞɦʀ ɨɠ ɬɪʀɝɛɹɭɷ" ɍɛɭɩ ɨɛɟɮɧɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɰɝɣɦɣɨɮ Ȼ ɭɩɟʀ ³ ȼɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɝ ɨɠɝɩɦʀ ɬɣɨɮ ³ Ƚ ɨɠɝɩɦʀ" ³ Ʌɛɡɮ ɭɩɜʀ ɝ ɨɠɝɩɦʀ Ȳ ɭɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɰɩɲɮɭɷ ɬɪʀɝɛɭɣ ³ ɍɛɥ ɺɥ ɥɩɢɛɥɣ ɮ ɥɛɭɩɫɢʀ ɭɮɫɠɱɷɥʀɤ" ³ ɍɛɥ ɬɛɧɩ ³ Ȼ ɥɩɢɛɥɣ ɭɛɥɣ ɬɪʀɝɛɦɣ ´ɉɤ ɨɠɧɛ ɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɮ ɨʀ ɰɝɣɦʀ ʀɢ ɨɛɳɩʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣµ ³ ȼɩ ɱɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɥɩɢɛɥɣ ɛ ɴɣɞɦɣɥɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɭɛɳɥɣ Ȼɦɠ ɨɠɝɩɦɺ ɩɟɨɛ Ɉɠ ɪɮɬ ɥɛɾɳ ʁɰ ɢ ɰɛɭɣ ʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɭɩɜʀ ɨɠ ɬɪʀɝɛɹɭɷ ɔɩ ɢ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɢɠɫɨɩ ʀ ɝɩɟɮ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɦʀ ȼ Ɇɠɪɥɣɤ
ȱȱ ɉɪɨɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɤɥɚɫɿ ɪɨɡɦɨɜɭ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɹɤ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɨɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢ ɩɬɚɲɨɤ ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɹɤ ɜɢ ɪɹɬɭɜɚɥɢ ɩɬɚɲɤɭ ɋɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɜɲɢɫɶ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɚɦɢ ɪɨɡɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɪɨɛɢ ɬɢ ɝɨɞɿɜɧɢɱɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɧɢɱɨɤ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȥȓȠȐȓȞȠȖȗ ǺȖȣȎȗșȖȘȳȐ
ɇɩɾɧɮ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥɩɧɮ ɜɫɛɭɣɥɩɝʀ ɅɉɍɃɅ Ȳ ȽɀȿɇɀɁȻ Ʌɩɭɣɥ ɢɛɜɦɮɥɛɝ ɮ ɦʀɬʀ Ɋɩɜɛɲɣɦɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɠɟɧɠɡɛ ɭɛ ɤ ɪɣɭɛɾɭɷɬɺ ³ ɍɣ ɰɭɩ ɭɛɥɣɤ" ³ ɚ ɥɩɭɣɥ Ȼ ɭɣ ɰɭɩ" ³ ɚ ɝɠɟɧɠɟɣɥ ³ ɉ ɺɥɣɤ ɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ³ ɥɛɡɠ ɥɩɭɣɥ ³ Ȼ ɭɣ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥɣɤ ³ ɥɛɡɠ ɝɠɟɧɠɡɛ ɤ ɪɣɭɛɾɭɷɬɺ ³ ɍɣ ɦɹɜɣɳ ɞɫɛɭɣɬɺ" ³ Ɇɹɜɦɹ Ȳ ɴɠ ɦɹɜɦɹ ɧ·ɺɬɩ ɤ ɭɠɪɦɩ Ȼ ɭɣ" ³ Ȼ ɺ ɦɹɜɦɹ ɧɠɟ ʀ ɪɩɬɪɛɭɣ ɉɭ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɞɫɛɭɣɬɺ ³ ȿɛɝɛɤ ɜɩɫɹɥɛɭɣɬɷ ³ ɥɛɡɠ ɝɠɟɧɠɡɛ Ƚɠɟɧɠɡɛ ɬɣɦɷɨɠ ɦɛɪɣ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɢɟɩɫɩɝɠɨɨʀ ɛ ɥɩɭɣɥ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥɣɤ ɦɛɪɥɣ ɟɫʀɜɨɠɨɷɥʀ ɚɥ ɬɭɣɬɨɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɠɟɧɠɡɛ ɤɩɧɮ ɜɩɦɺɲɠ ɫɩɜɣɭɷɬɺ ³ ɉɤ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɟɛɝɛɤ ɟɩɞɛɨɺɭɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ³ ɥɛɡɠ ɥɩɭɣɥ Ʌɩɭɣɥ ɦɠɞɠɨɷɥɣɤ ɬɪɫɣɭɨɣɤ ɺɥ ɪɩɜʀɡɣɭɷ ɭɩ ɥɦɣɳɩɨɩɞɠ ɝɠɟɧɠɡɛ ɞɠɨ ɞɠɨ ɪɩɢɛɟɮ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɾɭɷɬɺ ³ Ʌɫɛɴɠ ɜɮɟɠɧɩ ɝ ɬɰɩɝɛɨɥɣ ɞɫɛɭɣɬɷ ³ ɥɛɡɠ ɝɩɨɩ Ɋɠɫɳɣɧ ɪɩɲɛɦɩ ɝɠɟɧɠɡɛ ɰɩɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɫɩɢɞɫɠɜɦɩ ɥɮɪɮ ɜɮɫɩɞɩ ɦɣɬɭɺ ³ ɛɡ ɢɝʀɟɭɣ ɧɣɳɥɛ ɝɣɬɥɩɲɣɦɛ Ʌɩɭɣɥ ɬɰɩɪɣɝ ɧɣɳɥɮ ʀ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɪɩɬɨʀɟɛɝ Ɉɛɬɭɛɦɛ ɥɩɭɣɥɩɝɛ ɲɠɫɞɛ ɰɩɝɛɭɣɬɺ Ɋɩɦʀɢ ɝʀɨ ɨɛ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ Ȼ ɭɛɧ ɮ ɟɮɪɦʀ ɜɟɡɩɦɣ ɞɮ ɟɮɭɷ Ʌɩɭɣɥ ɰɮɭɠɨɷɥɩ ɬɥɩɭɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɹ ʀ ɪɫɩ ɝɬɠ ɝɠɟɧɠɟɣɥɩɝʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɝ Ƚɠɟɧɠɡɛ ɛɡ ɪʀɟɬɥɩɲɣɦɩ ɭɛɥ ɢɫɛɟʀɦɩ ɴɩ ɾ ɧɠɟ ʀ ɧɠɫɴʀɤ ɪɩɪɩɝɢɦɩ ɨɛɞɩɫɮ Ɋɩɦɛɬɮɝɛɦɩ ɝɩɨɩ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɧɠɟɩɧ ʀ ɦɺɞɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɪɩɲɣɭɣ Ȼ ɥɩɭɣɥ ɬɣɟɣɭɷ ʀ ɭɫɮ ɬɣɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɰɩɦɩɟɮ ɜɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɝɡɠ ɪʀɢɨɺ ɩɬʀɨɷ ³ Ɇɺɞɛɤ ɥɩɦɩ ɧɠɨɠ ³ ɥɛɡɠ ɤɩɧɮ ɝɠɟɧɠɡɛ ³ Ɋɫɣɭɮɦɣɬɺ ɧɠɨʀ ɟɩ ɬɪɣɨɣ Ʌɩɭɣɥ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɬɥɫɮɭɣɝɬɺ ɥɛɦɛɲɣɥɩɧ ɥɩɦɩ ɝɠɟɧɠɡɛɭɣ ɴɠ ɤ ɪʀɬɨɹ ɢɛɬɪʀɝɛɝ ³ ɇɮɫ ɫ ³ ɧɮɫ ɫ ɧɮɫ ɫ ³ ɧɮɫ ɫ ɂɛɬɦɮɰɛɦɩɬɺ ɝɠɟɧɠɡɛ ɝ ɥɩɭɣɥɩɝɮ ɪʀɬɨɹ ɤ ɢɛɬɨɮɦɩ Ȼ ɥɩɭɣɥ ɢʀɞɫʀɝɬɺ ʀ ɭɠɡ ɢɛɬɨɮɝ
113. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɢɤɨɜɭ ɤɚɡɤɭ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɣ ɜɢ ɫɤɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɚɡɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɥɟɧɶ ɤɨɝɨ ɛɪɚɬɢɤɚ ɱɢ ɫɟɫɬɪɢɱɤɢ ɚ ɹɤɳɨ ʀɯ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɧɟɦɚɽ ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɶ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɣɨɦɢɯ ɜɚɦ ɞɿɬɨɤ ɋɜɨɸ ɤɚɡɤɭ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
Ɍɪɩɬɩɜɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
ÑÏÎÑÎÁβ ÔÎÐÌÈ Ä²ªÑËÎÂÀ § 14.
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ
ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɟʀɤɬɨɣɤ ɮɧɩɝɨɣɤ ʀ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɝɣɤ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɣ ȿʀɤɬɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɝɣɫɛɡɛɾ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɮ ɟʀɹ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɟʀɹ ɺɥɛ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛ ɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɲɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɭɣɧɠɭɷɬɺ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɟʀɤɬɨɩɧɮ ɬɪɩ ɬɩɜʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɦɹ" ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ" ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɧɠɧɩ" ʀ ɪɩɟ ɝɲɮ ɝɲɣɝ ɝɣɝɲɣɦɣ ɝɣɝɲɣɧɩ ɝɲɣɭɣɧɠɧɩ Ɏɧɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɝɣɫɛɡɛɾ ɜɛɡɛɨɮ ɛɜɩ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɮ ɢɛ ɪɠɝɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɟʀɹ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɮɧɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɬɪɩɬɩɜʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɝ ɜɣ" ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɦɛ ɜ" ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɜ" ʀ ɪɩɟ ɝɲɣɝ ɜɣ ɝɲɣɦɛ ɜ ɝɣɝɲɣɦɣ ɜ Ɉɛɥɛɢɩɝɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɝɣɫɛɡɛɾ ɨɛɥɛɢ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺ ɛɜɩ ɪɩɫɛɟɮ ȿʀɾ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɝɩɧɮ ɬɪɩɬɩɜʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣ" ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣ" ɴɩ ɫɩɜʀɧɩ" ʀ ɪɩɟ ɝɲɣ ɝɲʀɧɩ ɝɣɝɲʀɭɷ 114. Ɂɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɱɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ Ɍɪɩɬɩɜɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ Ɍɪɩɬʀɜ
ɚɥɮ ɟʀɹ ɝɣɫɛɡɛɾ"
Ɉɛ ɺɥʀ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ"
ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɢɛ ɲɛɬɛɧɣ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɟʀɤɬɨɩɧɮ ɬɪɩɬɩɜʀ ȿʀɾ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɟʀɤɬɨɩɧɮ ɬɪɩɬɩɜʀ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɛɭɣ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɲɛɬɣ ʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɲɛɬɩɝɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɮɧɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɤ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɝɩɧɮ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɛɰ ɢɛ ɲɛɬɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɢɧʀ ɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
115. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ɿ ɞɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɳɨ ɩɿɞ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɸ ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɑɣɯ ɫɩɝɣɤ ɥɩɟ
Ɍɪɩɬʀɜ
ɒɛɬ
ɋʀɟ
ɉɬɩɜɛ
ɒɣɬɦɩ
ȿʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɛ
³
ɨɠɧɛɾ
ɨɠɧɛɾ
ɨɠɧɛɾ
³
³
ɟʀɤɬɨɣɤ
ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨʀɤ
ɲɩɦɩɝʀ ɲɣɤ
ɛ
ɩɟɨɣɨɛ
ɪɠɫɳɛ
ɮɧɩɝɨɣɤ
ɧɣɨɮɦɣɤ
ɡʀɨɩɲɣɤ
ɛ
ɧɨɩɡɣɨɛ
ɟɫɮɞɛ
ɨɛɥɛɢɩɝɣɤ
ɟɛɝɨɩɧɣɨɮ ɦɣɤ
ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ
ɺ
ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɤ
ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɣɤ
ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɤ
ɛɫɰɛʁɲɨɛ
Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɱɚɫɚɦɢ ɋɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɽ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɞɿɽ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɿ ɱɚɫɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ"
116. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɪɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɱɢ ɨɩɢɫɭɜɚɧɿ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɞɿʀ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɿ ɍ ɹɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ ɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɰɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ"
Ȳ Ƚɦʀɭɥɮ ɧɣ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɰɩɟɣɧɩ ɝ ɦʀɬ ɍɛɧ ɢɜɣɫɛɾɧɩ ɧɛɦɣɨɮ ɞɫɣɜɣ ɟɣɰɛɾɧɩ ɬɝʀɡɣɧ ɲɣɬɭɣɧ ɪɩɝʀɭ ɫɺɧ ʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɧɣɦɮɾɧɩɬɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɩɹ
,, Ƚɦʀɭɥɮ ɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɰɩɟʀɭɷ ɮ ɦʀɬ ɍɛɧ ɢɜɣɫɛɤɭɠ ɧɛ ɦɣɨɮ ɞɫɣɜɣ ɟɣɰɛɤɭɠ ɬɝʀɡɣɧ ɲɣɬɭɣɧ ɪɩɝʀɭ ɫɺɧ ʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɧɣɦɮɤɭɠɬɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɩɹ
,,, Ɍɥɩɫʀɳɠ ɜ ɦʀɭɩ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɩ ɇɣ ɜ ɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɝ ɦʀɬ ɍɛɧ ɜɣ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɧɛɦɣɨɮ ɞɫɣɜɣ ɟɣɰɛɦɣ ɜ ɬɝʀɡɣɧ ɲɣɬɭɣɧ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɧ ʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɧɣɦɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɜ ɪɫɣɫɩ ɟɩɹ
117. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯ ɧɿɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ
ɂɧʀɤ ɥɩɥɠɭɮɾ ʀ ɰɣɭɛɾ ɞɩɦɩɝɩɹ ɭɩ ɝ ɭɩɤ ɜʀɥ ɭɩ ɝ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ɨɛɲɠ ɥɩɧɮɬɷ ɳɠɪ ɲɠ ɴɩɬɷ ɨɛ ɝɮɰɩ ɭɩ ɢ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɜɩɥɮ ɭɩ ɢ ɟɫɮɞɩɞɩ ɑʀɦɣɤ ɟɠɨɷ ɜɣ ɬɭɩɺɝ ɭɛ ɟɠɫ
Ɍɪɩɬɩɜɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
ɡɛɝ ɭɛ ɟɣɝɣɝɬɺ ɝɞɩɫɮ Ɉɠɜɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɠ ɝɣɬɩɥɠ ɬɣɨɾ ɭɛ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɠ Ȼ ɢɧʀɤ ɮ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɜʀɦɣɤ ɜʀɦɣɤ ɰɣɦɣɭɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɰɝɩɬɭɩɧ ɢɦɠɞɥɛ ɝɩɟɣɭɷ ɨɛɲɠ ɪɛɝɛ Ȼɦɠ ɭɮɭ ɮɬʀ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɲɮɹɭɷ ɥɫɣɥ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɝɩɟɺɭɷ ɩɲʀ ɢ ɢɧʀɺ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɹ Ȳɟɠ ɏɠɟɷ ɥɩ Ȳɟɠ ʀ ɥɫɣɲɣɭɷ Ƚʀɨ ɧʀɞ ɜɣ ɪʀɟʀɤɭɣ ɭɣɰɠɨɷɥɩ ɭɛɥ ɴɩ ɤ ɨɠ ɪɩɲɮɝ ɜɣ ɨʀɰɭɩ ɛɦɠ ɏɠɟɷɥɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɦɹɜɣɝ Ƚʀɨ ɴɠ ɢɟɛɦɠɥɮ ɥɫɣɲɣɭɷ ³ Ȼɨɮ ɞɠɤ ɭɛɧ ɟɛɝɛɤ ɬɹɟɣ ɢɧʀɺ ɋɮɥɣ ɝ ɥɣɳɠɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɮɢ ɨɛɜɛɥɣɫ ʀɟɠ ɨɠ ɪɩɬɪʀɳɛɾ Ȼɦɠ ɭʀɥɛɭɣ ɤ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɜɮɤ ɏɠɟɷɥɩ ɮɬɺɥɮ ɬɩɜɛɥɮ ɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɣɭɷ Ƚ Ƚɣɨɨɣɲɠɨɥɩ
ȱ ɉɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɭ ɞɿɣɫɧɨɦɭ ɭ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ
ɂɮɬɭɫʀɨɷɧɩ ɪɦɠɥɛɾɧɩ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɝɬɺ ɜ ɬɥɛɡʀɭɷ ɦɹɜɦɺɭɷ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣ ɪɫɩɜɛɲ ɭɠ ɨɛɞɛɟɛɤɧɩ ɬɝʀɭɛɦɩ ɜ ɝ·ʁɡɟɡɛɤ ɟʀɬɭɛɝɬɺ ɬɭɣɰɨɠ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɦɛ ɜ ɦɹɜɣɦɣ ɜ ɝɨɣɥɨʀɭɷ ɫɮɳɛɤ ɭɷɧɺɨʀɹɭɷ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɬɪɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɭ ɜɢ ɫɥɨɜɿ ȼ ɋɨɫɸ ɪɢ ´Ƚɬʀɧ ɬɠɫɱɠɧ« ³ ʀ ɝʀɲɨʀ ɧɣ ɜɮɟɠɧɩ ɢ ɨɠɹµ. 119. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭ ɸɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦɢ ɤɨɞɚɦɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮµ ɬɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ´Ɍɪɩɬʀɜµ ɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛµ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɢɛɬɺɾ ³ ɬɨɛɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɧɟɩɟɪɟ ɯɿɞɧɟ ɞɿɣɫɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ . ɉɿɫɥɹ ɤɨɠɧɢɯ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɰɢɮɪ ɭ ɤɨɞɿ ɫɬɚɜɢɦɨ ɤɪɚɩɤɭ ɹɤ ɭ ɩɪɢ ɤɥɚɞɿ ɳɨɛ ɥɟɝɲɟ ɛɭɥɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɢ
Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɟɩɴɮ ʀ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɢɛɬɺɾ Ⱦɫʀɦɩ ɜ ɺɬɨɠ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɛ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ɺɥ ɰɩɲɠ Ɉɠ ɜɫɮɟɨɣ ɥɫɣɨɣɱʀ ɜɩ ɬɰɩɲɠɳ ɝɩɟɣɱʀ Ɍɛɟɣ ɟɠɫɠɝɣɨɮ ³ ɜɮɟɠɳ ʁɬɭɣ ɬɛɟɩ ɝɣɨɮ ɚɥɜɣ ɨɛ ɥɫɩɪɣɝɮ ɨɠ ɧɩɫɩɢ ɝɩɨɛ ɜ ɮɬʀɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɪɩɡɛɦɣɦɛ ɋɩɜɣ ɨɠɜɩɡɠ ɭɩ ɤ ȼɩɞ ɪɩɧɩɡɠ ɚɥɜɣ ɨɩɝʀ ɲɠɫɠɝɣɥɣ ɭɩ ɪʀɳɩɝ ɜɣ ɤ ɨɛ ɧɮɢɣɥɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɿ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɳɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɞɿʀ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɩɚ ɜɭɬɢɧɧɹɦ Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹ ɹɤɿ ɫɬɨɫɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɚɜɭɬɢɧɧɹ
ɚɥɜɣ ɨH ɡɩɝɭɠ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɝ ɬɛɟɥɛɰ ɭɩ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɜ ɪɩɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɴɩ ɨɛɟɝɩɫʀ ɨɠ ɜɛɜɣɨɠ ɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɟʀɳɨɾ ɦʀɭɩ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɠɦɠɨɛ ɨɣɢɷɥɛ ɩɢɣɧɣɨɛ ɨɛɝɥɫɮɞɣ ɭɩɥɮ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɛ ɪɫɩ ɩɬʀɨɷ Ɉɛɟɝɩɫʀ ɦɠɭʀɦɩ ɪɛɝɮɭɣɨɨɺ Ƚɬɠ ɬɣɨɾ ɨɠɜɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɨʀɜɣ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɠ ɜʀɦɣɧ ɺɥ ɪɮɰ ɦɠɞɥɣɧ ɺɥ ɳɩɝɥɩɝʀ ɨɣɭɥɣ ɪɛɝɮɭɣɨɨɺɧ Ɋɫɩɭɣ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɪɛɝɮɭɣɨɨɺ ɦɣɬɨʀɦɩ ɨɛɲɠ ɦɠɞɥɛ ɦʀɭɨɺ ɜʀɦɛ ɰɧɛɫɛ ɪɩɫɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɠɜʀ ɫɩɢɪɛɦɛɬɷ ɨɛ ɨɣɭɥɣ ɨɛ ɭɩɨɥʀ ɪɛɬɧɛ ɭɛ ɤ ɪɩɦɠɭʀɦɛ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɹ Ɋɛɝɮɭɣɨɨɺ ɦɠɭʀɦɩ ɪɮɲɥɛɧɣ ɨɣɭɥɛɧɣ ɨʀɜɣ ɥɦɮɜɩɲɥɛɧɣ ɪɩɲɣɨɥɛɧɣ** ɭɩ ɞɨɮɦɩɬɺ ɝɠɦɣ ɥɣɧɣ ɟɮɞɛɧɣ ɭɩ ɧʀɬɱɺɧɣ ɬɭɩɺɦɩ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɫʀɝɨɣɧɣ ɺɥ ɩɲɠɫɠɭ ɬɭɠɜɦɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɩ ɩɜɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɭɩɪɩɦʀ ɝɠɫɜɣ ɬɭʀɡɥɣ ɭɣɨɣ ɧɛɺɦɩ ɨɛ ɝɠɫɳɠɲɥɛɰ ɬɛɟɥʀɝ ɧɠɭɦɺ ɦɩɬɷ ɥɩɦɩ ɰɫɠɬɭʀɝ ɭɛ ɜɛɨɷ ɨɛ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ ʀ ɢɨɩɝ ɦɠɭʀɦɩ ɭɛ ɦɠɭʀɦɩ ɰɭɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɨɛ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɩ ɤ ɜɫɛɦɩɬɺ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ
ȱȱ ɉɪɢɞɢɜɿɬɶɫɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɨɪɭ ɨɫɿɧɧɽ ɧɟɛɨ ɹɤ ɝɪɿɽ ɫɨɧɰɟ ɹɤɟ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹ ɿ ɹɤ ɩɥɢ ɜɭɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɩɚɜɭɬɢɧɤɢ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɨɛɫɧɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɭɫɟ ɉɨɛɚɱɟɧɟ ɣ ɜɿɞɱɭɬɟ ɨɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɍ ɫɜɨɽɦɭ ɨɩɢɫɿ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɬɢ ɦɨɜɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥ ɡ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɦɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɿ ɦɚɥɸɧɨɤ
121. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ȼɛɜɣɨɠ ɦʀɭɩ ɭɠɪɦʀ ɬɩɨɺɲɨʀ ɟɨʀ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɩɬɠɨʀ ɪɛɝɮɭɣɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɦʀɭɛɾ ɝ ɱɹ ɪɩɫɮ ɝ ɪɩɝʀɭɫʀ ɭɫɣɧɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɛɝɮɭɣɨɱʀ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɝ ɢɛɞɫɩɢɦɣɝɩɧɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴʀ ɨɛ ɥɫɛɪɦɣɨɥɮ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɥɫɛɪɦɺ ɝ ɧɩɝʀ ɧʀɢɠɫɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ ɟɧɮɰɨɣ ³ ʀ ɫɩɢɬɣɪɦɠɭɷɬɺ ɭɠɨɟʀɭɨɣɤ ɨɠɭɫɣɝɥɣɤ ɫɛɟɣɤ ɨɠɜɩ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɣɭɣ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɞɩɭɩɝɣɤ ɮɬɠ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɢɛɫɛɟɣ ɥɩɞɩɬɷ ɢ ɫɩɬɣ ɭɛ ɢ ɝɩɟɣ ɪɩɜɛɡɛɨɨɺ ɴɛɬ ɭɺ ɤ ɟɩɬɭɛɭɥɮ
ȿʀɤɬɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɒɛɬɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
§ 15.
Ⱦɿɣɫɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɑɚɫɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ
ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ ɝ ɟʀɤɬɨɩɧɮ ɬɪɩɬɩɜʀ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɝ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɧɮ ɧɣ ɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɟɛɝɨɩɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ʀ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɲɛɬɛɰ ɒɛɬ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɢɛ ɧɩɧɠɨɭɩɧ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɟʀɹ ɍɠɪɠɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɲɛɬ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɟʀɹ ɺɥɛ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɧɩɧɠɨɭ ɪɩ ɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɨɠʁ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ ɝ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɧɮ ɲɛɬʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɦɹ" ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɳ" ʀ ɭ ɟ ɪɣɳɮ ɪɣɳɠɳ ʀ ɭ ɟ ɇɣɨɮɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɟʀɹ ɺɥɛ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɛɬɺ ɲɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɟɩ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɨɠʁ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɲɛɬʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɣ ɭɛɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɝ" ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ" ʀ ɭ ɟ ɪɣɬɛɝ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɝ ʀ ɭ ɟ ȿɛɝɨɩɧɣɨɮɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɟʀɹ ɺɥɛ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɛɬɺ ɲɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛ ɦɛɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɺɥɩɹɬɷ ʀɨɳɩɹ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɹ ɟʀɾɹ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ ɝ ɟɛɝɨɩɧɣɨɮ ɦɩɧɮ ɲɛɬʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɜɮɝ ɫɩɜɣɝ" ɴɩ ɜɮɝ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ" ʀ ɭ ɟ ɜɮɝ ɢɜɣɫɛɝɬɺ ɜɮɝ ɢʀɜɫɛɝɬɺ ʀ ɭ ɟ ɇɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɲɛɬ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɟʀɹ ɺɥɛ ɝʀɟɜɮɟɠɭɷɬɺ ɲɣ ɜɮɟɠ ɝʀɟɜɮ ɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɨɠʁ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ ɝ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɲɛɬʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɦɹ" ɴɩ ɜɮɟɮ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ" ʀ ɭ ɟ ɨɛɪɣ ɳɮ ɜɮɟɮ ɪɣɬɛɭɣ ɪɣɬɛɭɣɧɮ ʀ ɭ ɟ 122. Ɂɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɱɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɒɛɬ
Ʌɩɦɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟʀɺ"
Ɉɛ ɺɥʀ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ"
123. ɉɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟ ɣ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɚɯ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɠɢɜɚɬɢ ɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɝ ɢɫɛɟʀɝ ɞɮɥɨɮɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɨɛ ɪɣɳɮ ɢɫɛɟʀɹ ɞɮɥɨɮ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɲɛɬ ɜ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɪɣɬɛɝ ɫɛɟʀɝ ɞɮɥɛɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɪɣɳɮ ɫɛɟʀɹ ɞɮɥɛɹ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɲɛɬ ɜɮɟɮ ɪɣɬɛɭɣ ɫɛɟʀɭɣɧɮ ɞɮɥɛɭɣɧɮ ɧɛɤɜɮɭ ɨʀɤ ɲɛɬ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɒɛɬɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɹɭɷ ɢɛ ɭɛɥɣɧɣ ɩɢɨɛɥɛɧɣ Ʌɩɦɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ Ɉɛ ɺɥʀ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ" ɟʀɺ" ɝ ɧɩɧɠɨɭ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɦɹ" ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɳ" ʀ ɭ ɟ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɨɠʁ ɟɩ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɤ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɝ" ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ" ʀ ɭ ɟ ɪɫɩ ɨɠʁ ɴɩ ɜɮɝ ɫɩɜɣɝ" ɴɩ ɜɮɝ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ" ɟɛɝɨɩɧɣɨɮ ɪɠɫɠɟ ʀɨɳɩɹ ɧɣɨɮ ɦɣɤ ɦɩɹ ɟʀɾɹ ʀ ɭ ɟ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɦɹ" ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɭɣɧɮ" ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɪɫɩ ɨɠʁ ʀ ɭ ɟ ɒɛɬ
ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɤ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɲɛɬɛɰ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ³ ɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɲɛɬɛɰ 124. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɿɡ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɳɨɞɟɧɧɢɤɚ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɧɿɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɱɚɫ ɱɚɫ ɬɭɬ ɜɿɞɥɿɱɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɤɨɥɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɢɤ ɪɨɛɢɜ ɫɜɿɣ ɡɚɩɢɫ
ɍɺɡɥɩ ɬɭɩɞɨɛɝ ʀ ɥɫɣɲɛɝ ɮ ɬɨʀ Ȳ ɝʀɟ ɭɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɥɣɟɛɝɬɺ Ɍɠɫɱɠ ɜɩɦʀɦɩ ʀ ɜɣ ɦɩɬɷ ɮ ɞɫɮɟɺɰ ɴɠ ɤ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɜɩɦɣɭɷ Ȳ ɜɩɦɣɭɷ ɞɩɦɩɝɛ ȿɮɡɠ ɩɬɦɛɜ ɮɝɠɬɷ Ɋɩɦɠɲɮ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɦʀɭɛɥɩɧ ɢɛ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɞɩɟɣɨɣ Ɉɛɧɮɲɮɬɷ ɧɩɡɠ ɂɛɭɠ ɪɩɜɛɲɮ ȿɨʀɪɫɩ ɤ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ʀ ɴɠ ɫɛɢ ɬɭɣɬɨɮɝɳɣ ɫɮɥɛɧɣ ɪɩɜɣɭɠ ɤ ɪɩɫɮɜɛɨɠ ɬɠɫɱɠ ɪɩɦɣɨɮ ɪʀɟ ɰɧɛɫɣ ɪɩɧɩɦɣɭɣɬɺ ɫʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɥɫɛɹ ɚ ɰɩɲɮ ɡɣɭɣ ɨɛ Ƚɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɔɩ ɜ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɢʀ ɧɨɩɹ ɚ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɬɣɨ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɋɩɟɣɦɛ ɧɠɨɠ ɧɛɭɣ ɝ ɬɭɠɪɮ ɮ ɪɩɦʀ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɝ ɺ ɢɨɛɝ ɴɛɬɭɺ ʀ ɞɩɫɠ ɮ ɪɩɦʀ ³ ɝɠɦɣ ɥɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ɏ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɠɨʀɧ ɬɭɠɪɮ ɨɛɟ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɮɫɩɲɣɬɭɩɹ ɫʀɥɩɹ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɪɩɡɣɝɮ ɺ ɝɭʀɳɮ ɬɝɩɾ ɬɠɫɱɠ Ɇɠɲɮ ɉ ȿɩɝɡɠɨɥɩ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɭ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ʀɯ ɭɠɢɬɨ ɭ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɭ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɦɭ ɭ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɉɢɣɫɛɹɬɺ ɬɭɮɡɛɝʀɦɩ ɲɠɥɛɾ ɫɛɟʀɝ ɬɭɣɰɨɠ ɧɣɦɮɝɛɭɣɧɮɬɷ ɬɧʀɾɧɩ ɬɥɛɢɛɦɣ ɥɦɛɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɧɠɫɢɨɠ ɧɠɫɠɰɭɣɭɷ ɝɠɫɨɠɧɩɬɺ ɜɦɣɬɨɮɝ ɬɧɠɫɥɛɾ ɢɨɛɭɣɧɠɧɩ ɬɹɫɲɛɦɣ ɢɜɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɧɩɡɠɭɠ ɨʀɧɮɝɛɭɣɧɠ ɢɛʁɡɟɡɛɝ ɟɺɥɮɾɧɩ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɲɿɫɬɶ ɧɟɞɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɭ ɪɹɞɤɭ ɡ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɩɿɫɧɿ “ɒɩɧ ɲɩɧ "µ.
ȿʀɤɬɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɒɛɬɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɭ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɞɿɣɫɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ ɿ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦɢ ɤɨɞɚɦɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬ ɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮµ ɬɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɤ ´Ɍɪɩɬʀɜµ ɿ ´ɒɛɬµ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬ ɭɣɥɛ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛµ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɞɩɟɮɾ ³ . ɂɠɧɦɺ ɧɛɭɣ ɝɬʀɰ ɞɩɟɮɾ Ɉɛ ɲɩɫɨʀɤ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɜʀɦɛ ɪɳɠɨɣɱɺ ɫɩɟɣɭɷ Ȼɜɣ ɪɩɬʀɺɝ ɝɲɛɬɨɩ ɭɩ ɤ ɝɫɩɟɣɭɷ ɫɺɬɨɩ Ɋɩɬʀɾɳ ɝɪɩɫɮ ³ ɜɮɟɠɳ ɧɛɭɣ ɢɠɫɨɛ ɞɩɫɮ Ɉɠ ɝɫɩɟɣɝ ɧɛɥ ³ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɟɠɧɩ ɤ ɭɛɥ ɂ ɴɛɬɭɺ ɭɛ ɞɩɫɺ ɬɥɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɟɩɦɺ ɚɥ ɪɫɣɤɟɠ ɦɣɰɩ ³ ɪɩɲɮɰɛɾɳɬɺ ɟɠ ɤ ɨɠ ɬɝɠɫɜɣɭɷ
II. ɉɨɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɬɢɦ ɱɨɦɭ ɹɤɳɨ ɩ¶ɹɬɚ ɰɢɮɪɚ 1, ɬɨ ɞɪɭɝɚ ² ɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɤɨɜɨ 2 əɤɚ ɬɭɬ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ"
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɞɿɣɫɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ ɣ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɱɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ʀɯ ɭɠɢɬɨ
Ȼ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɭʀɭɥɛ Ɍɩɦɩɰɛ ɦɛɧɛɾ ɥɛɦɣɨɮ ɂʀɫɝɛɨʀ ɥɠɭɺɞɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾ ɝ ɭɩɫɜɮ Ɍɛɧɛ ɝɩɨɛ ³ ɢɞɩɫɜɦɠɨɛ ɭɛ ɨɠɧʀɲɨɛ ɔɩɜ ɬɭɛɫɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɭɛɥɛ ³ ɭɩ ɨʀ ɛ ɝɬɠɨɷɥɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɪɫɩɬɦɛɜɮɝɛɦɛ ɨɠɢɟɮɡɛɦɩɬɺ ʁɤ ɚɥɩɞɩ ɥɠɭɺɞɛ ɨɠ ɟʀɬɭɛɨɠ ɭɩ ɨɛɞɣɨɛɾ ɞʀɦɦɺɥɮ Ȼ ɺɥɩʁ ɞʀɦɦɺɥɣ ɨɠ ɨɛɞɨɠ ɭɩ ɫɩɞɛɲɣɥɩɧ ʁʁ ɪɫɣɭɺɞɮɾ ɚɞɩɟɣ ɬɺɹɭɷ ɮ ɬɮɢʀɫ·ʁ ɨɠ ɩɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ʀ ɧɣɧɩɝɩɦʀ ɬɩɥɩɧ ɨɠ ɜɫɣɢɥɛɹɭɷ Ƚɩɨɣ ɭɠɫɪɥɮɝɛɭɩ ɪɛɰɨɮɭɷ ʀ ɞʀɫɥɩ ɴɛɧɣ ɩɟ ɨɣɰ ɨɠɬɠ ʀ ɝɡɠ ɟɩɦɩɨʀ ɨɛɭɠɫɦɣɬɷ ɥɛɦɣɨɩɹ ʀ ɩɟɺɞ ʀ ɥɩɬɣ ɪɫɩɬɺɥɦɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ Ȱ Ⱦɮɱɛɦɩ
ȱȱ Ɋɨɡɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɭɫɟ ɳɨ ɜɢ ɡɧɚɽɬɟ ɩɪɨ ɤɚɥɢɧɭ ɹɤɚ ɜɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɝɥɹɞ ɧɚɜɟɫɧɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɰɜɿɬɟ ɣ ɜɨɫɟɧɢ ɤɨɥɢ ɹɝɨɞɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɶ ɹɤɢɣ ɭ ɧɟʀ ɫɦɚɤ ɹɤ ʀʀ ɡɛɢɪɚɸɬɶ ɿ ɹɤ ɡɛɟɪɿ ɝɚɸɬɶ ɳɨ ɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɡ ɧɟʀ ɋɜɨɸ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
128. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɱɚɫ ³ ɍɛɭɮ ɥɩɦɣ ɺ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɮ ɭɩ ɬɭɛɨɮ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɧ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥɩɧ ɚ ɰɩɲɮ ɝɡɠ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɭɣ ɭɫɠɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ — ɉɭ ʀ ɲɮɟɩɝɩ ɇɣɥɩɦɷɱɹ ɍɣ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ³ ɍɣ ɟɛɝɛɭɣɧɠɳ ɧɠɨʀ ɴɩɟɨɺ ɞɫɩɳʀ ɨɛ ɧɩɫɩɢɣɝɩ ɴɩɜ ɺ ɢɝɣɥɛɝ ɟɩ ɰɩɦɩɟɮ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
129. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɔɠ ɤ ɨɛ ɬɝʀɭ ɨɠ ɢɩɫʀɦɩ ɨɠ ɬɝʀɭɛɦɩ ɨɛ ɬɝʀɭ ɜɦɛɞɩɬɦɩɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾ ɬɝʀɭɛɭɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɩɟɣ ɬɪɦɣɦɩ ɧɣɨɮɦɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɺɥ ɝɩɟɛ ɢɧɣɦɛ ɫɛɪɭɩɝɩ ɢɨɣɥ ɞɩɦɩɝɛ ɤɟɠ ɩɜɠɫɭɩɧ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɧɳɠɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɞɮɜɦɠɨɣɤ ɥɦɮɜɩɥ ɢɛɬɭɫɺɞ ɮ ɞɩɫɦʀ ɬɪɛɢɧɣ ɬɭɣɬɥɛɹɭɷ ɞɩɫɦɩ ɝʀɟ ɬɣɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɥɮɟɣ ɟɮɳɛ ɢɛ ɜɛɡɛɾ ɜɮɟɷ ɥɮɟɣ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
9 Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɿɹ ɧɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɿɣ ɬɜɿɪ Ɋɫɩɲɣɭɛɝɳɣ ɺɥɣɤɬɷ ɰɮɟɩɡɨʀɤ ɭɝʀɫ ɧɣ ɰɩɲɠɧɩ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɝɫɛɡɠɨ ɨɺɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɪɩɟʀɦɣɭɣɬɺ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɟɫɮɢɺɧɣ ɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɧɣ ɪɩɫɛ ɟɣɭɣ ʁɧ ɪɫɩɲɣɭɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɛɜɩ ɝʀɟɫɛɟɣɭɣ ʁɰ ɝʀɟ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɚɥ ɱɠ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ" Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɨɛɢɝɛɭɣ ɭɩɲɨɩ ɬɛɧ ɭɝʀɫ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɛ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɜɬɺɞ ɭɛ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɤ ɫʀɥ ɝɣɟɛɨɨɺ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɬɦʀɟ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɧɛ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɭɠɧɮ ɤ ɩɬ ɨɩɝ ɨɮ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɭɝɩɫɮ ȿɛɦʀ ɥɩɨɥɫɠɭɨɩ ɛɨɛɦʀɢɮɾɧɩ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɠɪʀɢɩɟɣ ɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɱʀɥɛɝʀ ɝɟɛɦʀ ɪɫɛɝɟɣɝʀ ɲɣ ɨɛɝɪɛɥɣ ɰɣɜɨʀ ɨɛɟɮɧɛɨʀ ɪɮɬɭɩɪɩɫɩɡɨʀ ȿɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɩɬɣɦɛɾɧɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɥɩɨɥɫɠɭɨʀ ɯɛɥɭɣ ɺɥ ʀɢ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɭɝɩɫɮ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɢ ɡɣɭɭɾɝɩɞɩ ɟɩɬɝʀɟɮ Ɉɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɫɩɜɣɧɩ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɪɫɩ ɱʀɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɝɩɫɮ
ɍɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɪɚɡɨɤ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɿʀ ɡ ɬɢɦ ɳɨɛ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɢ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɿɸ ɧɚ ɤɧɢɠɤɭ ɹɤɭ ɜɢ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɥɢ ɬɨɛɬɨ ɩɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɜɚɬɢ ɚɛɨ ɧɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭ ɜɚɬɢ ʀʀ ɿɧɲɢɦ Ⱥɥɟ ɫɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɭɫɧɨ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɿ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɭ ɜɚɦɢ ɤɧɢɠɤɭ
ȿʀɤɬɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɒɛɬɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȝ·ȭȠȖȗ ǼșȓțȥȖț
´ɔɉ ɂȻɐɉɒɎ ɍɀ Ʉ ɋɉȼɆə µ ɋɠɱɠɨɢʀɺ ɨɛ ɥɛɢɥɮ Ƚ Ɍɣɧɩɨɠɨɥɛ ´Ɋɩɟɩɫɩɡ ɮ ɥɫɛʁɨɮ Ɉɛɝɪɛɥɣµ ³ Ʌ Ɋɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɣɥ ³ ɬ
ɐɭɩ ɢ ɨɛɬ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɾ ɺɥ ɨɠ ɰɩɲɠɭɷɬɺ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɭɩɜʀ ɢɛɞɛɟɮɹɭɷ Ɍɥɛ ɡɮɭɷ ɪɩɬɥɦɛɟɛɭɣ ɥɨɣɡɥɣ ɛ ɭɩɜʀ ɝ ɱɠɤ ɲɛɬ ɰɩɲɠɭɷɬɺ ɭɠɦɠɝʀɢɩɫ ɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɺ Ɍɥɛɡɮɭɷ ɪɩɧɣɭɣ ɪɩɬɮɟ ɛ ɭɣ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɜ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɮ ɧɛɞɛɢɣɨ ɪɩ ɰɦʀɜ ɢɜʀɞɛɦɛ ɉɭɩɡ ʀ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɧ ɰɦɩɪɱɺɧ ɢ ɥɛɢɥɣ Ƚ Ɍɣɧɩɨɠɨɥɛ ɨɠ ɰɩɭʀɦɩɬɺ ɬɦɮɰɛɭɣ ɧɛɧɮ ɤ ɭɛɭɛ ɮɧɣɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɠɨɷ ɪɫɣ ɟɨʀ ɫɩɢɝɛɡɛɭɣ ɬɠɬɭɫɣɲɥɮ ɪɩɦɣɝɛɭɣ ɥɝʀɭɣ Ɉɮ ɴɩ ɡ ɭɩɟʀ ɜɮɟɷ ɦɛɬɥɛ ɧɛɨɟɫɮɤɭɠ ɭɮɟɣ ɟɠ ɜɮɟɠɭɠ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɴɩ ɝɛɧ ɢɛɧɛɨɠɭɷɬɺ Ȼɦɠ ɤ ɢ ɝɛɧɣ ɭɛɧ ɲɣɨɣɭɣɧɮɭɷ ɭɛɥ ɬɛɧɩ Ɋɩɜɛɲɣɧɩ ɴɩ ɢ ɭɩɞɩ ɝɣɤɟɠ ȿɩɥɣ ɰɦɩɪɱʀ ´ɱʀɦɣɤ ɟɠɨɷ ɜɫɣɥɛɦɣ ɞɫɛɦɣɬɷ ɫɠɞɩɭɛɦɣ ʀ ɥɛɲɛɦɣɬɷµ ´ɫɝɛɦɣ ɢ ɟɮɜɛ ɟɣɨʀ ʀ ɢ ɥɮɴʀɝ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɦɠɝɛɟ ɬɧɛɥɮɝɛɦɣ ɳɩɥɩɦɛɟµ ɭɩ ɝɬɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɞɛɫɛɢɟ Ȼɦɠ ɩɬɷ ´ɝɩɺɥɣ ɝ ɳɭɛɨɺɰ ɬɣɨʀɰµ ɪɫɣɝɠɦɣ ʁɰ ɟɩ ɞɫʀɢɨɩɞɩ ɱɛɫɺ Ɉɠɝɧɣɝɛɥɣ ³ ʀ ɭɮɭ ʁɰɨɾ ɫɛɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɥʀɨɲɣɦɩɬɺ ȼɩ ɤ Ɉɠɝɧɣɝɛɥɛ ɢ ɨɣɧɣ ɫɩɜɣɭɷ ɴɩ ɰɩɲɠ ɔɠ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɴɩ ɝ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɱɛɫɬɭɝʀ Ɉɛɝɪɛɥɣ ɤ ɬɝɣɨʀ ɭɠɡ ɫɩɜ ɦɺɭɷ ɴɩ ɰɩɲɮɭɷ Ȼ ɭɩ ɜ ɰɦɩɪɱɺɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɡɠ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɦɣɝɥɣ ɉɭ ɭɩɟʀ ʁɧ ʀ ´ɢɛɥɩɫɭʀɦɩ ɝɬʀɧ ɟɩɟɩɧɮµ Ʌɫɛɴɠ ɝɡɠ ɟɩɞɦɺɟɛɭɣ ɬɠɬɭɫɣɲɩɥ ɪɩɦɣɝɛɭɣ ɥɝʀɭɣ ɬɦɮɰɛɭɣ ɧɛɧɮ ɤ ɭɛɭɛ ɨʀɡ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɢ ɭɩɜɩɹ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɴɩ ɥɩɧɮ ɢɛɧɛɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɇɩɝɛ ɪɩɠɧɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɤ ɭɩɲɨɛ ɝʀɫɳ ɧɮɢɣɥɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɬɪʀɝɮɲɣɤ Ʌɨɣɡɥɛ ɞɛɫɨɩ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɩɝɛɨɛ ɉɜɦɣɲɲɺ ʁʁ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɰ ɞɠɫɩʁɝ ɬɣɧɪɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɫɣɝɛɜɦɣɝʀ Ʌɨɣɡɥɛ ɪɫɣɨɠɬɠ ɫɛɟʀɬɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɧ ɹɨɣɧ ɲɣɭɛɲɛɧ
130. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ Ɉɥɟɧɱɢɧɭ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɿɸ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɣ ɜɢ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɹɤɢɣɫɶ ɧɟɜɟɥɢ ɤɢɣ ɬɜɿɪ ² ɜɿɪɲɨɜɢɣ ɱɢ ɩɪɨɡɨɜɢɣ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɜɿɪ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɤɿɥɶɤɚ ɪɚɡɿɜ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɣɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɭɹɜɿɬɶ ɭɫɿ ɡɦɚɥɶɨɜɚɧɿ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɢ Ɇɨɠɟɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɜɡɹɬɢ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɬɜɿɪ ɹɤɢɣ ɜɢ ɜɢɜɱɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɩɨɡɚɤɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɬɚɧɧɹ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
§ 16.
Ɍɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɿɣ ɿ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɿɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɣ ɱɚɫɢ
ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɧɮ ɲɛɬʀ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɦɹ" ʀ ɝ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɦɹ" ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɩ ɪɣɳɠɳ ɲɣ ɨɛɪɣ ɳɠɳ ɜɛɲɣɳ ɲɣ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɳ ɋʀɢɨɺɭɷɬɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɝɣɟɩɧ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳ ɨʀɤ ɲɛɬ ³ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ ɝɣɟ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɤ ³ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɧɮ ʀ ɝ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɧɮ ɲɛɬɛɰ ɢɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɩɧ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɷ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ Ƚɧʀɭɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛ ɭɣ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɟɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ ɪɣɬɛɭɣ ʁɰɨʀ ɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ 131. ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɳɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɹɤ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɦɨ ʀɯ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɝɨɥɨɫ ɡɦɿɧɸ ɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɭ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ² ɛɭɤɜɟɧɿ ɣ ɡɜɭɤɨ ɜɿ ɇɚɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɞɜɿ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɿ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɿ ɞɨ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɨʀ ɧɢɠɱɟ ɿ ɜɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɩɟɪ ɲɭ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɛɭɤɜɟɧɿ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɞɪɭɝɭ ² ɡɜɭɤɨɜɿ ɛɭɤɜɟɧɿ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɣɬɟ ɬɚɤ ɮ, ɹ ɿ ɬ ɞ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɿ ² >ɮ@ >ɠ@ ɿ ɬ ɞ ɒɣɬɦɩ
ɉɬɩɜɛ
ɩɟɨɣɨɛ
ɧɨɩɡɣɨɛ
ɛ ɛ ɺ ɛ ɛ ɺ
ȿʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ Ȳ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɛ ȲȲ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɛ ɜɠɫɮ ɟɛɹ ɜʀɡɮ ɬɭɩɹ ɜɠɫɠɳ ɟɛɾɳ ɜʀɡɣɳ ɬɭɩʁɳ ɜɠɫɠ ɟɛɾ ɜʀɡɣɭɷ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɜɠɫɠɧɩ ɟɛɾɧɩ ɜʀɡɣɧɩ ɬɭɩʁɧɩ ɜɠɫɠɭɠ ɟɛɾɭɠ ɜʀɡɣɭɠ ɬɭɩʁɭɠ ɜɠɫɮɭɷ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɜʀɡɛɭɷ ɬɭɩɺɭɷ
ȱ Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɡɚ ɱɢɦ ɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɬɚ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨ ɦɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɚɯ
ȱȱ Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɛ ɮ ɺɥʀɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ Ȳ ʀ ȲȲ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝʀ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ɜ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɜɮɥɝɛɧɣ ʀ ɢɝɮɥɛɧɣ ɫʀɢɨɺɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ Ȳ ʀ ȲȲ ɟʀɾ ɝʀɟɧʀɨ ɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɩɬɩɜɛɰ
133. Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɹɤɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɞɨ ȱ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɞɨ ȱȱ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ
ɍɠɪɠɫʀɳɨʀɤ ʀ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɤ ɲɛɬɣ
ȱ ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣɬɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɣ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɡɛɿɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɿɠ ɧɢɦɢ
Ƚɲɣɳɬɺ >ʇɲɣɬǰ ɛ@ ɝɲɣɭɷɬɺ >ʇɲɣɱǰ ɛ@ ɝɲɛɭɷɬɺ >ʇɲɛɱǰ ɛ@ ɬɨɣɳɬɺ >ɬɨɣɬǰ ɛ@ ɬɨɣɭɷɬɺ >ɬɨɣɱǰ ɛ@ ɬɨɺɭɷɬɺ >ɬɨǰɛɱǰ ɛ@
ȱȱ ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɤɨɥɢ ɜ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɣ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɦ¶ɹɤɢɣ ɡɧɚɤ
ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɧɮ ɤ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɧɮ ɲɛɬɛɰ ɧɛ ɹɭɷ ɭɛɥʀ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ
ɒɣɬɦɩ
ɉɬɩɜɛ
ɩɟɨɣɨɛ
ɛ ɛ ɺ
ɧɨɩ ɡɣɨɛ
ɛ ɛ ɺ
ȼɮɥɝɠɨʀ ɂɝɮɥɩɝʀ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ Ȳ ȲȲ Ȳ ȲȲ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɛ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɛ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɛ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɛ ɮ ɹ ɮ ɹ [ɮ@ [ɮ@ ɠɳ ɾɳ ɣɳ ʁɳ [ɠɳ@ [ɣɳ@ [ʀɳ@ ɠ ɾ ɣɭɷ ʁɭɷ [ɠ@ [ɣɭǰ@ [ʀɭǰ@ [ɣɧɩ@ [ɠɧɩ@ [ʀɧɩ@ ɠɧɩ ɾɧɩ ɣɧɩ ʁɧɩ [ɣɭɠ@ [ɠɭɠ@ ɠɭɠ ɾɭɠ ɣɭɠ ʁɭɠ [ʀɭɠ@ [ɮɭǰ@ ɮɭɷ ɹɭɷ ɛɭɷ ɺɭɷ [ɛɭǰ@
Ɏ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɧɮ ɭɛ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɧɮ ɲɛɬɛɰ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɩɬɩɜɛɧɣ ɤ ɲɣɬɦɛɧɣ Ɏ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ Ȳ ʀ ,, ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɩɟɨɛ ɥɩɝʀ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ Ƚ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɩɬɩɜɛɰ ɥɫʀɧ ɭɫɠɭɷɩʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ Ȳ ɟʀɾɝʀɟ ɧʀɨɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺɰ ɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɤ [ɠ] ɨɛ ɪɣɬɷɧʀ ɠ ɛɜɩ ɾ ɟʀɾɬɦɩ ɝɛ ,, ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ³ ɞɩɦɩɬɨʀ [ɣ] ɛɜɩ [ʀ] ɨɛ ɪɣɬɷɧʀ ɣ ɛɜɩ ʁ Ɏ ɭɫɠɭʀɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ Ȳ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ [ɮɭǰ@ ɨɛ ɪɣɬɷɧʀ ɮɭɷ ɛɜɩ ɹɭɷ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ,, ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ³ [ɛɭǰ@ ɨɛ ɪɣɬɷɧʀ ɛɭɷ ɛɜɩ ɺɭɷ ȿɩ Ȳ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɺɥʀ ɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɩɬɩɜɛɰ ɥɫʀɧ ɪɠɫɳɩʁ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ʀ ɭɫɠɭɷɩʁ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺɰ ɢɝɮɥ [ɠ] ɛ ɝ ɭɫɠɭʀɤ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ³ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ [ɮɭǰ@
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
135. ɉɪɨɡɦɿɧɸɣɬɟ ɜ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɰɩɲɮ ɹɤ ɜɠɫɮ ɢɨɛɹ ɹɤ ɟɛɹ ɧɩɝɲɮ ɹɤ ɜʀɡɮ) ɿ ɥɦɠɹ ɹɤ ɬɭɩɹ 136. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɩɿɫɧɿ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɿ ɨɪɿɽɧɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɸ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ
ɓɮɧɣɭɷ ɞɮɟɠ ɭɛ ɟʀɜɫɩɝɩɨɷɥɛ Ɏ ɭɫɣ ɫɺɟɣ ɭɛ ɤ ɪɩɬɛɟɡɠɨɛ« Ʌɫɛɤ ɟɩɫɩɞɣ ɭɛ ɤ ɥɩɢɛɥ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ Ƚ ɪɫɛɝʀɤ ɫɮɱʀ ɭɛ ɥɩɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɣɭɷ Ȼ ɦʀɝɩɹ ɭɛ ɫɩɬɮ ɜɠɫɠ ɍɛ ɟɩ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɬɠɫɱɺ ɥɦɛɟɠ
ȱ Ɉɪɿɽɧɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɛɭɤɜɢ ɠ ɾ ɬɚ ɣ ʁ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ȱ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ȱȱ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ
Ƚʀɫɣɭɠ ɬɪɣɭɛɾɧɩ ɭɩɲɣɭɷ ɬɭɫɮɡɠɭɠ ɬɥɫɠɞɩɭɣɳ ɭɫʀɬɥɩɲɠɭɠ ɝɩɦɩɲɣɳ ɜʀ ɦʀɾ ɥɫɣɲɣɭɠ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɧy ɟɣɝɣɳɬɺ ɢɨɣɥɨɠ ɝɬɭɠɦɣɭɠ ɞɨɩʁɭɷɬɺ ɥɣɨɠɭɠ ɢɧɩ ɡɠɳ ɝɣɝɲɣɳɬɺ ɢɧʀɨɣɧɩ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɭ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɿ ɒɚɪɥɹ Ɇɨɧɬɟɫɤ¶ɽ ´Ɉɠɧɛɾ ɝɣɴɩɞɩ ɪɩɥɦɣɥɛɨɨɺ ɺɥ ɜɮɭɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɧ ɦɹɟɺɧµ. 138. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢ ɞɟ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɦ¶ɹɤɢɣ ɡɧɚɤ ɚɥ ɞɮɥɛɹɭ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɝʀɟɞɮɥɮɹɭ ɬɺ ɺɥ ɢɩɝɮɭ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɩɟɢɣɝɛɹɭ ɬɺ ȼʀɦɺ ɲɩɞɩ ɪɩɭɫɠɳ ɬɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɤ ɬɛɧ ɨɛɜɠɫɠɳ ɬɺ ɇɮɟɫɣɤ ɜɠɢɮɧɨɩɧɮ ɢ ɟɩɫɩɞɣ ɝɬɭɮɪɛɾɭ ɬɺ ɔɩ ɟɮɧɛɾɳ ɬɥɛɢɛɭɣ ɬɪɠɫɳɮ ɩɜɧʀɫɥɮɤ ɐɭɩ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɧɩɝɣ ɱɮɫɛɾɭ ɬɺ ɰɛɤ ɬɛɧ ɬɠɜɠ ɬɭɣɟɛɾɭ ɬɺ
139. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɜɝɨɥɨɫ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɢɦɨɜɥɹɸɱɢ ɛɭɤɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɳɬɺ ɿ ɭɷɬɺ Ɍɭɩʁɳ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟ ɞɩɫɩɟɮ ɢɛɟɮɧɛɝɬɺ Ȳ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɞɩɫɩɟɨɷɩʁ ɢɠɦɠ ɨʀ ɛ ɮ ɝɣɫʀ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɱɷ ɴɩ ɩɭɩɲɮɹɭɷ ɭɠɜɠ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɬɭɠɜɦɛɧɣ ɦɣɬɭɺɧ ɲɮɭɦɣɝɣɧɣ ɝɮɬɣɥɛɧɣ ɱɝʀɭɩɧ ɫɩɢɧɛʁɭɣɧɣ ɢɛɪɛɰɛ ɧɣ Ȳ ɥɩɦɣ ɪʀɟɨɩɬɣɳ ɨɩɞɮ ɴɩɜ ɝɣɤɭɣ ɢ ɞɩɫɩɟɮ ɭɩ ɪɣɦɷɨɩ ɟɣɝɣɳɬɺ ɝɨɣɢ ɴɩɜ ɨɠ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɣɭɣ ɨɛ ɡɣɝɮ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɮ Ɋɩɝɩɦɠɨɷɥɣ ɬɭɮɪɛɾɳ ɪɩ ɬɭɠɡɱʀ ɛ ɭɩɜʀ ɢɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɴɩ ɝɬʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛ ɭɩɜɩɹ ɟɣɝ ɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟɞɦɺɟɛɹɭɷ ³ ʀ ɬɩɨɺɳɨɣɥɣ ɤ ɞɛɫɜɮɢɣ ȼɩʁɳɬɺ ɨɠɩɜɠɫɠɡɨɩ ɢɛɲɠ ɪɣɭɣ ʁɰ ɜɩʁɳɬɺ ɭɣɰ ɪɩɞɦɺɟʀɝ ɜɩ ɨɠ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɾɳ ɉ ɨɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɝɡɠ ɝɣɬɥɩɲɣɝ ɨɛ ɪɩɟɝʀɫ·ɺ Ȱ Ⱦɮɱɛɦɩ
Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
140. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɨɫɨɛɭ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ Ɍɣɟɣɭɷ ɧɛɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɨɥɛ ɥɩɦɩ ɬɭɩɦɛ ɤ ɪɣɳɠ ³ ɔɩ ɭɣ ɫɩɜɣɳ ɟɩɨɹ" ³ ɪɣɭɛɾ ɧɛɧɛ ³ Ɋɣɳɮ ɦɣɬɭɛ ɇɛɫʀɤɱʀ ³ Ȼɦɠ ɡ ɭɣ ɪɣɬɛɭɣ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɝɧʀɾɳ ³ ȿɛɫɧɛ Ȼɟɡɠ ɇɛɫʀɤɥɛ ɭɠɡ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɝɧʀɾ ɲɣɭɛɭɣ
141. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɤɪɢɥɚɬɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ Ɏɬɠ ɭɠɲɠ ɮɬɠ ɢɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɱɠɤ ɝɣɬɦʀɝ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɫɠɱɷɥɩɧɮ ɯʀ ɦɩɬɩɯɩɝʀ Ⱦɠɫɛɥɦʀɭɮ ɢ ɀɯɠɬɛ ɾ ɴɠ ɤ ʀɨɳɣɤ ɝɛɫʀɛɨɭ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɮ ´Ɏɬɠ ɫɮ ɰɛɾɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɨʀɴɩ ɨɠ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀµ əɪʀɭɠɫɠ ɭɣ ɬɠɫɟɣɳɬɺ ɩɭɡɠ ɭɣ ɨɠ ɪɫɛɝɣɤ ɭɛɥ ɨʀɜɣɭɩ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɟɩ əɪʀɭɠɫɛ Ɋɫɩɧɠɭɠɤ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɥɣ ɧʀɡ ɨɣɧɣ Ȼ ɝɬɠ ɭɛɥɣ ɝɩɨɛ ɥɫɮɭɣɭɷɬɺ ɱʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ Ⱦɛɦʀɦɠɩ Ⱦɛɦʀɦɠɤ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɺɥ ʀɨɥɝʀɢɣɱʀɺ ɢɧɮɬɣɦɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɫɠɥɭɣɬɺ Ʌɩɪɠɫɨɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɫɮɰ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ Ɍɩɨɱɺ
§ 17.
ȼɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ
ȿʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɭɣ ɢɛ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɧ ɩɬɩɜɩɝɣɧ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɺɥɠ ɲɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɲʀɭɥɩ ɚɥɴɩ ɝɣɫɛɢɨɩ ɲɮɾɭɷɬɺ [ɠ] ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɮ ɭɫɠɭʀɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ɥɩɦɠ ɬɭɫɮɡɠ ɜɮɫɥɩɲɠ ɭɩ ɩɭɡɠ ʀ ɝ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥʀɤ ʀɨɳʀɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɪɣɬɛɭɣ ɠ ɪɩɦɠɳ ɪɩɦɠɧɩ ɬɭɫɮɡɠɳ ɬɭɫɮɡɠɭɠ ɜɮɫɥɩɲɠɧɩ ɜɮɫ ɥɩɲɠɭɠ ɛ ɝ ɭɫɠɭʀɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ɮɭɷ ɹɭɷ ɥɩɦɹɭɷ ɬɭɫɮ ɡɮɭɷ ɜɮɫɥɩɲɮɭɷ Ȼɜɩ ɺɥɴɩ ɝ ɭɫɠɭʀɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ɝɣɫɛɢɨɩ ɲɮɾɭɷɬɺ [ɮɭǰ@ ɥɛɡɮɭɷ ɬɪʀɝɛɹɭɷ ɭɩ ɝ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺɰ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɩɬʀɜ ɪɣɳɠɧɩ ɠ ɥɛɡɠɧɩ ɥɛɡɠɭɠ ɬɪʀɝɛɾɧɩ ɬɪʀɝɛɾɭɠ ɍɛɥ ɬɛɧɩ ɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɺɾɧɩ ɤ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɣ ɝ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺɰ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ,, ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɪɣɳɠɧɩ ɧɲɣɧɩ ɧɲɣɭɠ ɜɮɫɥɩɭɣɧɩ ɜɮɫɥɩɭɣɭɠ ɜɩ ɧɲɣɭɷ ɛɜɩ ɧɲɛɭɷ ɜɮɫɥɩɭɣɭɷ ɛɜɩ ɜɮɫɥɩɭɺɭɷ Ȼɦɠ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɩɬɩɜɛɰ ɲɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɠɝɣɫɛɢɨɩ ɍɩɟʀ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɢɛ ɨɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɩɹ ɯɩɫɧɩɹ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɚɥɴɩ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ ɝ ɨɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨʀɤ ɯɩɫɧʀ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɭɣ ɧɛɾ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɣ ʀ ɣ ɛɜɩ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɳɣɪɦɺɲɩɞɩ ɛ ʀ ɱɠɤ ɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɤ ɮ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɭɩ ɝɩɨɩ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɟɩ ȲȲ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ Ƚɬʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɛ ɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ Ȳ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɭɠɫɪʀɭɣ ɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɣ ʀ ɣ ɭɛ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɳɣɪɦɺɲɩɞɩ ɛ ɺɥʀ ɝ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɩɟɨɣ ɨɣ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɭɠɫɪɦɹ ɜɛɲɮ ɨɛɦɠɡɮ ɩɭɡɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ȲȲ ɟʀɾ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɭɠɫɪɣɧɩ ɭɠɫɪɣɭɠ ɜɛɲɣɭɷ ɜɛɲɣɧɩ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɳ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ Ȼ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɧɩɞɭɣ ɪɩɦɩɭɣ ɭɛɨɮɭɣ ɪɦɛɥɛɭɣ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɱɣɰ ɬɮɯʀɥɬʀɝ ɫɛɟʀɭɣ ɜɛɡɛɭɣ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɱʀ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɣ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɰɩɲ ʀ ɾ ɛɦɠ ɨɠ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ Ȳ ɟʀɾ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɧɩɡɠɭɠ ɪɩɦɹɭɷ ɭɛɨɠ ɪɦɛɲɠɳ ɫɛɟʀɾɧɩ ɜɛɡɛɾɭɠ ɂ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɾ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɝɣɨɺɭɥʀɝ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɰɩɭʀɭɣ ɞɮɟʀɭɣ ɬɩɪʀɭɣ ɫɠɝʀɭɣ ʀɫɡɛɭɣ ɨɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɬɝɩʁ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɣ ɨɛɦɠ ɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ Ȳ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɰɩɲɠɧɩ ɞɮɟɠ ɬɩɪɠ ɫɠɝɠ ʀɫɡɮɭɷ Ȳ ɨɛɝɪɛ ɥɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɜʀɞɭɣ ɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɬɪɛɭɣ ɜɩɺɭɣɬɺ ɰɩɲ ʀ ɨɠ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɮɯʀɥɬʀɝ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ȲȲ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɜʀɡɣɳ ɬɭɩʁɧɩ ɬɪɣɭɷ ɜɩʁɭɠɬɺ 142. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɸ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ Ɂɚɝɚɞ ɤɢ ɜɿɞɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ
Ɂɣɝɠ ɜɠɢ ɭʀɦɛ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɷ ɜɠɢ ɺɢɣɥɛ ɨʀɰɭɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɜɛɲɣɭɷ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɲɮɾ Ʌɮɟɣ ɬɭɮɪɣɳ ³ ɝɬɹɟɣ ɧɛɾɳ ɰɩɲ ɨɠ ɜɛɲɣɳ ³ ɮɡɣɝɛɾɳ Ɇɠɭɣɭɷ ³ ɧɩɝ ɲɣɭɷ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ³ ɧɩɝɲɣɭɷ ɛ ɺɥ ɮɧɫɠ ³ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɢɛɫɠɝɠ Ⱦɩɫɺ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɾɧɩ ɛ ɞʀɫɥɩ ɪɦɛɲɠɧɩ ɂɛ ɞɩɫɩɹ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɩɹ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɜɫɛɭ ʀɢ ɬɠɬɭɫɩɹ Ƚʀɟɞɛɟɥɣ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɟɩɴɩɝʀ ɰɧɛɫɣ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ʀ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɬɨʀɞ
ȱ ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɡɚ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧ ɤɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ȱ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ȱȱ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ ɇɟ ɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟ ɣ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɢ
Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɛɭɣ ɨɠɨɛɝɣɟʀɭɣ ɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɬɰɩɭʀɭɣ ɜɠɦɷɥɩɭʀɭɣ ɱɩɥɩɭɛɭɣ ɩɬɨɛɬɭɣ ɭɣ ɩɟɺɞɛɭɣɬɺ ɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɝɣɬʀɭɣ ɬɭɫʀɨɮɭɣ ɢɧʀɨɣɭɣ ɭɷɩɰɥɛɭɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɭɣ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ɞɚɜɧɶɨɪɢɦɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɉɭɛɥɿɹ Ɍɟɪɟɧɰɿɹ ´ɚɥɴɩ ɟɝɩɾ ɫɩɜɦɺɭɷ ɭɠ ɬɛɧɠ µ
Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
144. ȼ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ ɽ ɪɹɞ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɹɤɿ ɡɜɭɱɚɬɶ ɦɚɣɠɟ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɬɟ ɫɚɦɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɿ ɡɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɨɬɟ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɞɨ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧ ɇɢɠɱɟ ɩɨɞɚɧɨ ɤɿɥɶɤɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɿ ɩɨɪɹɞ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɜɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɨ ɰɿ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ
Ⱦɮɫɥɩɭɛɭɣ ɞɮɫɥɩɭʀɭɣ ³ ɞɮɫɥɩɭɣɭɷ ɞɮɫɥɩɲɠ ȼɮɫɧɩɭʀɭɣ ɜɮɫɧɩɭɛ ɭɣ ³ ɜɮɫɧɩɭɣɭɷ ɜɮɫɧɩɲɠ Ɍɝɣɬɭɛɭɣ ɬɝɣɬɭʀɭɣ ³ ɬɝɣɬɭɣɭɷ ɬɝɣɴɠ Ɍɦɛ ɭɣɬɺ ɬɭɠɦɣɭɣɬɺ ³ ɬɭɠɦɣɭɷɬɺ ɬɭɠɦɠɭɷɬɺ ɐɫɩɪʀɭɣ ɰɫɩɪɭɣ ³ ɰɫɩɪɣɭɷ ɰɫɩ ɪɠ Ƚɩɦɩɥɭɣ ɝɩɦɩɲɣɭɣ ³ ɝɩɦɩɲɣɭɷ ɝɩɦɩɲɠ ɋɩɬɭɣ ɫɩɬɭɣɭɣ ³ ɫɩɬɭɣɭɷ ɫɩɬɭɠ
145. Ⱦɨɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɳɨ ɬɚɤɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɹɤ ɰɩɭʀɭɣ ɰɩɲɮɭɷ ʀɫɡɛɭɣ ʀɫɡɮɭɷ ɬɪɛɭɣ ɬɪɦɺɭɷ ɜʀɞɭɣ ɜʀɡɛɭɷ ɫɩɪɚɜɞɿ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɢ ɡ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɽɜɿɞ ɦɿɧɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ
ȱ ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɛɭɤɜɢ ɠ, ɾ ȱ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɚ , ɣ, ʀ ȱȱ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɚ ɜ ɡɚɤɿɧ ɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɞɿɽ ɫɥɿɜ Ⱦɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡɿ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɦɢ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ ɠ ɾ; ɡɿ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɦɢ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ ɣ, ʀ Ɍɪʀɳ ɧɩ ɝɜɣɫɛ ɭɷɬɺ ɥɛɡ ɧɩ ɮɲɛɴɛ ɭɠ ɪɩɧɨɩɡ ɳ ɭɣɬɨ ɳ ɥɝɛɪ ɭɠ ɲɣɬɭ ɳ ɢɧɩɡ ɧɩ ɩɨɩɝ ɭɷɬɺ ɮɨɛɟ ɭɠɬɺ ɝʀɫ ɧɩ ɜɩɫ ɭɷɬɺ ɭɮɡ ɳ ɢɲɠɳ ɭɠ ɢɨɣɴ ɭɠ ɝɣɪɫɛɝ ɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɳɦ ɧɩ ɬɥɫɩɪ ɧɩ ɜɛɲ ɳ ɩɞɦɺɨ ɳɬɺ ɟɩɪɣɳ ɭɠ ɬɭɩ ɭɠ ɬɣɟ ɧɩ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ɝɨɥɥɚɧɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɮɿ ɥɨɫɨɮɚ Ȼɚɪɭɯɚ ɋɩɿɧɨɡɢ ´ɂɨɛɹɲɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɛɟɣ ɧɣ µ. 147*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ Ⱦɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɠɤɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɬɟɩɟ ɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ
Ɍɦɩɝɩ ɝɣɦɠɭʀɭɣ ɞɩɫɩɜɱɠɧ ɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɝɩɦɩɧ Ɍɥɛɡɠɳ ɞɩɪ ɺɥ ɪɠɫɠɬɥɩɲɣɭɣ Ɍɭɮɥɩɭʀɭɣ ɞɮɫɥɩɭʀɭɣ ³ ɥɩɧɛɫ ɢ ɟɮɜɛ ɦɠɭʀɭɣ ɉɫɠɦ ɧɮɰɣ ɨɠ ɦɩɝɣɭɣ ɛ ɬɦɩɨ ɢɛ ɧɣɳɠɹ ɨɠ ɞɛɨɺɭɣɬɺ ȿɩɜɫɣɤ ɨɠ ɲɣɨɣɭɣ ɦɣɰɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɨɠ ɜɩɺɭɣɬɺ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ
148*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɞɨɩɢɫɭɸɱɢ ɜ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɢ ɩɪɨɫ ɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ
Ɍɥɛɡ ɳ ³ ɨɠ ɝɠɫɨ ɳ ɨɛɪɣɳ ɳ ³ ɨɠ ɢʀɭɫ ɳ ɝʀɟɫɮɜɛ ɳ ³ ɨɠ ɪɫɣ ɭɩɲ ɳ Ɍɦɩɝɩ ɟɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ ³ ɢɦɩɡ ɬɺ ɧɩɝɛ ȼʀɟɛ ɪɩɧɮɲ ʀ ɧɮɟɫɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɮɲ ɂɟɩɜɮɟ ɳ ɩɬɝʀɭɮ ³ ɪɩɜɛɲ ɳ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɔɩ ɧɛɾɧɩ ³ ɨɠ ɟɜɛ ɧɩ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɝɳɣ ³ ɪɦɛɲ ɧ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɩɿɞɤɪɟ ɫɥɿɬɶ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɉɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚ ɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɚɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ
ɐɛɭɩ ɧɩɺ ɫʀɟɨɛ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɰɛɭɩ ɍɣ ɝɣɪɦɣɝɛɾɳ ʀɢ ɭɮɧɛɨɨɩʁ ɟɛɦɠɲʀ ɧɣ ɨɮɦɣɰ ɦʀɭ ʀ ɬɭɩʁɳ ɪɠɫɠɟʀ ɧɨɩɹ ɜʀɦɣɧ ɝɣɟɣɝɩɧ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɰɧɛɫɣɨɛ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɜɮɤɨɩɞɩ ɱɝʀɭʀɨɨɺ ɝɣɳɠɨɷ ȿɩɝɥɩɦɛ ɭɠɜɠ ɥɩɦɣɳɠɭɷɬɺ ɬɣɨɹɝɛɭɛ ʀɧɦɛ ɲɣ ɭɩ ɝɣɳɨʀ ɩɬɣɪɛɹɭɷ ɬɝʀɤ ɥɝʀɭ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɢɷɜɮ ɲɣ ɟɣɧ ɥɮɲɠɫɺɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɭɝɩɞɩ ɟɣɧɛɫɺ ɤ ɩɞɩɫɭɛɾ ɭɠɜɠ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɬɣɢɣɧɣ ɥɫɣɦɷɧɣ Ɉɛ ɳɣɜɥiɰ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥɣɰ ɝʀɥɩɨ ɞɫɛɹɭɷ ɬɩɨɺɲɨʀ ɢɛɤɲɣɥɣ ɢɜɦɣɬɥɮɹɭɷ ɧɩɝ ɫɛɤɟɮɡɨʀ ɧɣɞɩɭɦɣɝʀ ɬɪɩɞɛɟɣ ɝ ɧɩʁɤ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭʀ ɛ ɨɛ ɬɩɦɩɧ·ɺɨʀɤ ɪɩɥɫʀɝɦʀ ɝɩɫ ɥɮɹɭɷ ɞɩɦɮɜɣ ɧɩɞɩ ɟɣɭɣɨɬɭɝɛ ɭɩ ɢɦʀɭɛɹɭɷ ɮɞɩɫɮ ɭɩ ɳɮɞɛɹɭɷ ɨɛɟ ɰɛɭɩɹ ɞɮɜɦɺɲɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɟɝʀɫ·ɺ ɪɮɰɨɛɬɭɠ ɪʀɫ·ɺ ɍɣɳɛ ɨɛɟ ɰɛɭɩɹ ɺɥ ɮɝʀ ɬɨʀ Ɍʀɨɠɳɨʀ ɟɝɠɫʀ ɨɛɝɬɭʀɡ ɝʀɟɲɣɨɠɨʀ ɨʀɜɣ ɢɛɪɫɩ ɳɮɹɭɷ ɧɠɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɬɭɮɪɣɭɣ ɪɩɫʀɞ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɠ ɪɩɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɢ ɭɩɜɩɹ ɫʀɟɨɛ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɰɛɭɩ Ȳ ɑɹɪɛ
ȱȱ Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɮɨɬɨɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɍɫɧɨ ɨɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɭ ɯɚɬɭ ɑɢ ɽ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɹɤɟɫɶ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ ɜɚɲɨɦɭ ɫɟɪɰɸ ɦɿɫɰɟ" ɇɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɳɨ ɰɟ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɱɨɦɭ ɜɨɧɨ ɜɚɦ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɟ ɹɤ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɢ ɛɭɜɚɽɬɟ ɬɚɦ
ɒɠɫɞɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɰ ɮ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɰ
150. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɦɭ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɚɯ ɿ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦɢ ɤɨɞɚɦɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɶ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮµ ɬɚ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɬɪɩɬɩ ɜɩɝɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛµ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɨɛɝɲɣɳɬɺ ³ ).
ɒɩɞɩ ɝ ɧɩɦɩɟɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɝɲɣɳɬɺ ɭɩ ɨɛ ɬɭɛɫʀɬɭɷ ɺɥ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɳ Ɇʀɭɛ ɪɦɣ ɝɮɭɷ ɺɥ ɝɩɟɛ ȿɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɟɢɜɛɨ ɝɩɟɮ ɨɩɬɣɭɷ Ɉɩɲɝɛɧɣ ɧɩɫɺ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɪɦɣ ɝɠɳ Ⱦɩɫɟʀɬɭɷ ɝɣʁɡɟɡɛɾ ɝɠɫɰɣ ɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɳɥɣ
151. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ȿɣɝɣɭɣɬɺ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɩɲɣɧɛ ɨɛ ɴɩɬɷ ɪɩ ʀɨɳɩɧɮ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɭɣ ɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɝɠ ɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɩɲɣɧɛ ɟɣɝɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɥɩɫʀɨɷ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɩ ɝɨɣɥɛɭɣ ɝ ɬɮɭɷ ɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɩɜɩɧɛ ɜɮɭɣ ɪɣɦɷɨɣɧ ɮɝɛɡɨɣɧ ɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɟɜɛɭɣ ɪɫɩ ɬɠɜɠ ɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɢɣɢɣɧ ɩɥɩɧ ɝɣɺɝɦɺɭɣ ɨɠɪɫɣɺɢɨɷ ɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɪɛɦɷɱʀ ɬɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɨɠ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɭɣ ɮɝɛɞɣ ɨɛ ɴɩɬɷ ɨɠɟɩɢɝɩɦɠɨɠ
§ 18.
ɑɟɪɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɯ ɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɯ
152. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɚɯ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɯ ɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɯ ȱ ɞɿɽ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ
ȼɠɫɠɞɭɣ ³ ɜɠɫɠɡɮ ɜɠɫɠɡɠɳ ɜɠɫɠɡɠ ɜɠɫɠɡɠɧɩ ɜɠɫɠɡɠɭɠ ɜɠɫɠɡɮɭɷ Ƚ·ɺɢɛɭɣ ³ ɝ·ɺɡɮ ɝ·ɺɡɠɳ ɝ·ɺɡɮɭɷ Ʌɩɦɣɰɛɭɣ ³ ɥɩɦɣɳɮ ɥɩɦɣ ɳɠɳ ɥɩɦɣɳɮɭɷ ɍɮɫɥɩɭɛɭɣ ³ ɭɮɫɥɩɲɮ ɭɮɫɥɩɲɠɳ ɭɮɫɥɩɲɮɭɷ
153. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɚɯ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɯ ɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɯ ȱȱ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ
Ɍɣɟʀɭɣ ³ ɬɣɟɡɮ ɬɣɟɣɳ ɬɣɟɣɭɷ ɬɣɟɣɧɩ ɬɣɟɣɭɠ ɬɣɟɺɭɷ ȳɢɟɣɭɣ ³ ʁɡɟɡɮ ʁɢɟɣɳ ʁɢɟɺɭɷ Ɍɝʀɭɣɭɣ ³ ɬɝʀɲɮ ɬɝʀɭɣɳ « ɬɝʀɭɺɭɷ ɂɛɰɣɬɭɣ ɭɣ ³ ɢɛɰɣɴɮ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɣɳ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɺɭɷ
154. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɯ ȱȱ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ ɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɧɚ ɝɭɛɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɣ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ
Ɇɹɜɣɭɣ ³ ɦɹɜɦɹ ɦɹɜɣɳ ɦɹɜɣɭɷ ɦɹɜɣɧɩ ɦɹɜɣɭɠ ɦɹɜɦɺɭɷ Ɇɩ ɝɣɭɣ ³ ɦɩɝɦɹ ɦɩɝɣɳ ɦɩɝɦɺɭɷ Ɇɩɧɣɭɣ ³ ɦɩɧɦɹ ɦɩɧɣɳ ɦɩɧ ɦɺɭɷ Ʌɮɪɣɭɣ ³ ɥɮɪɦɹ ɥɮɪɣɳ « ɥɮɪɦɺɭɷ
ɒɠɫɞɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɰ ɮ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɰ Ȳ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛ ɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɩɬɩɜɛɰ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ɤ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɒɠɫɞɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɰ ɮ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɰ ,, ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛ ɾɭɷɬɺ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ Ɏ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɰ ,, ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɞɮɜɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɰ ɮ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɩɬ ɨɩɝɣ ɝ ɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ʀ ɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɝɮɥ [ɦǰ@ 155. ɉɪɨɡɦɿɧɸɣɬɟ ɜ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɞɮɫɥɩɭɛɭɣ ɿ ɞɮɫɥɩɭʀɭɣ, ɜɢɡɧɚ ɱɢɜɲɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɢɦ ʀɯɧɸ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ ɉɿɫɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɢɦ ɧɢɠɱɟ ɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɰɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɉɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ ɣ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ
ɒɣɬɦɩ
ɉɬɩɜɛ
ɩɟɨɣɨɛ
ɧɨɩɡɣɨɛ
ɍɠɪɠɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɲɛɬ ɞɮɫɥɩɭɛɭɣ
ɞɮɫɥɩɭʀɭɣ
ɛ ɛ ɺ
ɞɮɫɥɩɲɮ ɞɮɫɥɩɲɠɳ ɞɮɫɥɩɲɠ
ɞɮɫɥɩɲɮ ɞɮɫɥɩɭɣɳ ɞɮɫɥɩɭɣɭɷ
ɛ ɛ ɺ
ɞɮɫɥɩɲɠɧɩ ɞɮɫɥɩɲɠɭɠ ɞɮɫɥɩɲɮɭɷ
ɞɮɫɥɩɭɣɧɩ ɞɮɫɥɩɭɣɭɠ ɞɮɫɥɩɭɺɭɷ
156. ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɢɰɸ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɝɩɟɡɮ ɿ ɝɩɡɮ ɦɛɟɡɮ ɿ ɦɛɡɮ ɥɛɟɡɮ ɿ ɥɛɡɮ ɉɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ʁɢɟɣɭɣ ɬɣɟʀɭɣ ɜɮɟɣɭɣ ɪɩɪɠ ɫɠɟɣɭɣ ɬɮɟɣɭɣ ɩɜɞɩɫɩɟɣɭɣ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɭɣ ɴɛɟɣɭɣ 157. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɱɟɪɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɯ ɭ ɧɢɯ Ɂɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɜɿɞɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ
ɐɩɲ ɺ ɜɠɢ ɨʀɞ ɛ ɜʀɡɮ ɪɫɮɟɥɩ ɨɠ ɬɪɦɹ ɨʀ ɝɟɠɨɷ ɨʀ ɝɨɩɲʀ ɰɩɲ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɢ ɦʀɡ ɥɛ ɨɠ ɝɬɭɛɹ Ɍɣɟɡɮ ɨɛ ɟɠɫɠɝʀ ɥɫɮɞɦɛ ɺɥ ɥɮɦɺ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɛ ɺɥ ɥɫɩɝ ɟɩɜɫɛ ɺɥ ɧɠɟ ɇɠɨɠ ɜ·ɹɭɷ ɭɩɝɲɮɭɷ ɫʀɡɮɭɷ ɛ ɺ ɝɬɠ ɭɠɫɪɦɹ ʀ ɝɬʀɧ ɟɩɜɫɩɧ ɪɦɛɲɮ Ƚʀɟɞɛɟɥɣ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɰɦʀɜ ɲɠɫɠɳɨɺ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ ɱɟɪɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɝɨ ɥɨɫɧɢɯ ɚɛɨ ɡɦɿɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɢ
Ɉɛ ɨɠɜʀ ɬɩɨɱɠ ³ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɝ ɺ ȼʀɦɷɳ ɨʀɥɩɞɩ Ʉɟɮ Ⱦɦɛɟɡɮ ɫɮɥɩɹ ɬɩɜɩɦɣɨɮ ɳɠɫɬɭɷ ɺɲɧɠɨʀɝ ɳɩɝɥ ɥɩɦɩɬɣɬɭɩʁ ɰɝɣɦʀ Ƚʀɭɠɫ ɨɛɜɣɝɛ ɧɠɨʀ ɝɮɰɛ ɳɧɛɭɥɛɧɣ ɢɞɮɥʀɝ ɪɩɥɩɳɦɛɨɣɧ ɳɮɧɩɧ ɍɛɥɣɤ ɝʀɨ ɞɛɫɺɲɣɤ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɨɠɭɠɫɪɦɺɲɣɤ ɴɩ ɛɡ ɥɣɪɦɺɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɫʀɜɨɩɝɩɦɩɬʀ ɝʀɝɬɛ Ʉɟɮ ɟɛɦʀ ³ ɥɣɪɦɺɭɷ ɍɣɰɩ ɪɦɣɝɠ ɜɦɛ ɥɣɭɨɣɧɣ ɫʀɲɥɛɧɣ ɦɷɩɨ ɍɛɥ ɭɣɰɩ ɬɪɩɥʀɤɨɩ ɝ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɜɠɫɠɞɛɰ ɴɩ ɰɩɲɠɭɷɬɺ ɬʀɬɭɣ ɨɛ ɲɩɝɠɨ ɤ ɪɩɪɦɣɬɭɣ Ȼ ɭɛɧ ɺɲɧʀɨɷ ɰɣɦɣɭɷɬɺ ɤ ɭɲɠ ɭɲɠ ɢ ɭɩɨɥɣɰ ɝɮɬʀɝ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɤ ɬɠɫɪɛɨɩɥ Ʉɟɮ ɟɛɦʀ Ƚɬɠ ɭɲɠ ɐɝɣɦɹɾ ɬɠɫɪɛɨɩɥ Ɍɭɠɡɥɣ ɢɧʀɺɭɷɬɺ ɞɦɣ ɜɩɥɩ ɝ ɡɣɭʀ ʁɰ ɩɥɩ ɨɠ ɜɛɲɣɭɷ ɬɛɧɛ ɦɩɝɣɭɷ ɨɩɞɛ Ƚɩɦɩɳɥɣ ɟɣɝɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɨɠɜɩ
ɒɠɫɞɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɰ ɮ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɰ
Ƚɩɨɣ ɰɩɭʀɦɣ ɜɮɭɣ ɺɥ ɨɠɜɩ ʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɺɥ ɨɠɜɩ ɍɠɪɠɫ ɪʀɳɦɛ ɪɳɠɨɣɱɺ ɍɝɠɫɟɣɤ ɜɠɢɩɬɭɣɤ ɥɩɦɩɬ ɜ·ɾ ɪɩ ɫɮɥɛɰ ɛ ɬɭɠɜɦɩ ɦʀɢɠ ɪʀɟ ɨɩɞɣ Ʉɟɮ ɟɛɦʀ ³ ɮɬɠ ɪɳɠɨɣɱɺ ɤ ɪɳɠɨɣɱɺ Ʌɩɦɣ ɡ ɬɷɩɧɮ ɥɫɛɤ ɜɮɟɠ" ȼʀɡɣɭɷ ɢɛ ɝʀɭɫɩɧ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɭɛɜɮɨ ɦɣɬɣɱɷ ɤ ɜɦɣɴɛɭɷ ɨɛ ɬɩɨɱʀ ɰɝɣɦɺɬɭʀ ɰɫɠɬɭɣ Ȼ ɺ ɝɬɠ ɤɟɮ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ
,ȱ ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɥɚɧ Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɡ ɱɢɦ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɸɸɬɶ ɹɱɦɿɧɶ ɥɶɨɧ ɜɨɥɨɲɤɢ ɩɲɟɧɢɰɸ ɫɬɟɠɤɢ ɜ ɠɢɬɿ ɯɜɢɥɿ ɧɚ ɜɿɜɫɚɯ Ɉɤɪɟɦɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɡɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ
159. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ȿɩɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɟɩ ɭɺɧɣ ɮɬɝʀɟɩɧɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɦɛɧɛɭɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɨɛɪɫɮɡɠɨɩ ɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɟɩɝɠɬɭɣ ɟɩ ɦɛɟɮ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɭɣ ɺɥɮɬɷ ɫɩɜɩɭɮ ɨɛ ɨɛɦɠɡɨɩɧɮ ɫʀɝɨʀ ɦɩɝɣɭɣ ɝɣ ɭɫʀɳɥɣ ɜɠɢɟɮɧɨɩ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɭɣɬɺ ɭɩɪɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɪɠ ɫɠɟ ɮ ɺɥʀɤɬɷ ɬɪɫɛɝʀ ɝɩɟɣɭɣ ɥɩɧɪɛɨʀɹ ɧɛɭɣ ɟɫɮɡɨʀ ɬɭɩɬɮɨɥɣ ɢ ɥɣɧɩɬɷ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
9ȱ Ɋɨɥɶ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ Ɋɫɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɪɠɫɬɩɨɛɡʀɝ ɭɝɩɫɮ ʁɰɨʀɤ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɬɭɛɨ ɪɩɢɣ ɭɣɝɨʀ ɲɣ ɨɠɞɛɭɣɝɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɬɝʀɟɲɛɭɷ ʀ ɟɫʀɜɨʀ ɢɟɛɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɜ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɪɩɞɦɺɟ ɟɠɭɛɦʀ ɺɥɣɤɬɷ ɧɣɧɩɝʀɦɷɨɣɤ ɝɲɣɨɩɥ ɪɩɝɠɟʀɨɥɛ ɝ ɪɠɝɨɣɰ ɬɣɭɮɛɱʀɺɰ ɫɠɪɦʀɥɛ ɍɩɧɮ ɲɣɭɛɹɲɣ ɛɜɩ ɬɦɮɰɛɹɲɣ ɭɠɥɬɭ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɢɧʀɬɭ ɛ ɤ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɭɣ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɨɛ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɟɠɭɛɦʀ ɝ ɨɷɩɧɮ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɬɿ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɞɟɬɚɥɿ ɹɤɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɿɜ ɰɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɿɜ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɬɶ ʀɯɧɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɸ ɫɩɪɚɜɠɧɸ ɫɭɬɶ ɋɜɨʀ ɫɩɨ ɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɨɛɝɨɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɭ ɤɥɚɫɿ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɦɭ ɦɚɣɛɭɬ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɚɯ ɿ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɨɫɨɛɭ ɜ ɹɤɿɣ ʀɯ ɭɠɢɬɨ
³ Ȼ ɭɣ ɢɨɛɾɳ ɬɣɨɮ ɴɩ ɝ ɨɛɬ ɮ ɬɛɟɥɮ ɾ ɟɮɡɠ ɨɛɟʀɤɨɣɤ ʀ ɝʀɫɨɣɤ ɬɭɩɫɩɡ ³ Ɍɩɫɩɥɛ" ³ ɍɛɥ Ɏɡɠ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɺɥ ɟɠɬɺɭɷ ɦʀɭ ɢɧɩɬɭɣɦɛ ɨɛ ɬɦɣɝʀ ɞɨʀɢɟɩ ʀ ɪɣɦɷɨɮɾ ɨɛɳ ɬɛɟɩɥ ɉɱɠ ɤɟɮ ɺ ɝ ɬɛɟɩɥ ʀɢ ɬɛɟɥɛ ɪɩɫɛɹɬɷ ɮ ɨɷɩɧɮ ³ ɧɩɝɲɣɭɷ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɬɮɬʀɟɥɛ ´ɨɠɰɩɭɺµ ɢɛɜɫɠɟɠ ³ ɢɲɣɨɣɭɷ ɭɛɥɣɤ ʊɝɛɦɭ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɦɠɧɠɨɭ ɴɩ ɧɠɨʀ ɝ ɰɛɭɮ ɲɮɭɣ Ƚɣɰɩɟɡɮ ɨɛ ɪɩɫʀɞ ɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɴɠ ɟɮɡɲɠ ɧɠɨʀ ɟɩɥɛɢɮɾ ³ ɉɱɠ ɡ ɬɺɥɛ ɭɛɥɛ ɬɺɥɛ ɭɛɥɛ« Ʌɫɠ ɐɭɩɬɷ ɜɠɫɠɞɩɧ ɪɩɪʀɟ ɞɩɫɩɟɩɧ ʀɟɠ ³ ɭɠɡ ɝɩɨɛ ɟɛɾ ɢɨɛɭɣ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɬɝɩʁ ³ Ȼ ɺɥ ɡɠ ɝɩɨɛ ɢɨɛɾ ɴɩ ɺ ɨɠ ɲɮɡɣɤ" ³ ɚɥɩɬɷ ɢɨɛɾ Ȳ ɺ ɟɣɝɮɹɬɺ Ʌɩɦɣ ɬɠɬɭɫɣ ɭɝɩʁ ɪɫɣʁɡɟɡɛɹɭɷ ɲɣ ʁɰɨʀ ɟʀɭɣ ɭɠɡ ɨɠ ɥɫɣɲɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɬɪɩɦɩɰ« Ȼ ɲɮɡɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɪɮɬɭɣɭɷ ɍɛ ɭɣ ɴɩ ȿɠɰɭɩ ɰɩɭʀɝ ɮɡɠ ɪɫɣɜɫɛɭɣ ʁʁ ɢ ɫɮɳɨɣɱɠɹ ɪɩɭɣɥɛɝɬɺ Ȼ ɭɮɭ ɺ ɝɣɰɩɟɡɮ ´ȳʁ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɝɜɣɭɷ ɝɩɨɛ ɥɮɫɲɛɭ ɥɫɛɟɠ µ ³ ´Ɉʀ ɨʀ ɥɮɫɲɛɭ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɠ ɲʀɪɛɾ ɝɩɨɛ ɢɦɩɟʀʁɝ ɞɛɨɺɾµ ȿ ɒɠɫɠɟɨɣɲɠɨɥɩ
ȱȱ Ɉɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɨɪɨɤɭ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɮɨɬɨɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɳɨɫɶ ɨɫɨɛ ɥɢɜɟ ɩɪɨ ɰɸ ɩɬɚɲɤɭ ɳɨ ɜɚɦ ɞɨɜɟɥɨɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɬɢ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨ ɳɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɢ ɛɚɬɶɤɢ ɡɧɚɣɨɦɿ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
ɒɠɫɞɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɰ ɮ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɰ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȦȜȟȠȖȗ ǺȎȞȳȗȥȖț
ɐɆȲȼɒɃɅ ȼɮɦɛ ɨɠɟʀɦɺ ȿɠɨɷ ɰɣɦɣɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɝɠɲɩɫɛ Ȼɦɠ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɴɠ ɪɫɣɪʀɥɛɦɩ ɪɩ ɦʀɭɨɷɩɧɮ Ɉɛ ɝɣɞɩɨʀ ɪʀɟ ɩɬɩɥɩɫɩɧ ɢʀɜɫɛɝɬɺ ɞɮɫɭ ɟʀɭɠɤ Ɉɛɤɬɭɛɫɳɩ ɧɮ ³ ɇɣɰɛɬɠɝʀ ³ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɟɠɬɺɭɷ ɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɛ ³ Ɉɛɭɛɦɺ ³ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɛ ɟɩ ɟɫɮɞɩɞɩ ɥɦɛɬɮ ȼɛɜɮɬʀ ɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀ ɡɝɛɝɩ ɩɜɞɩɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɥɩɦɩɟɥɛɰ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥʀ ɨɩɝɣɨɣ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɣ ɬɪɫɩɥɝɩɦɛ ɪɠɫɠɥɣɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ Ȼ ɟʀɭɦɛɰɣ ɭɣɧ ɲɛ ɬɩɧ ɢɛɭʀɺɦɣ ɞɫɮ ɝ ɰɦʀɜɲɣɥɛ ɐɮɭɥɩ ɪɩɜɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɛɫɛɧɣ ȼɠɢ ɪɛɫɣ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɰɦʀɜɲɣɥɩɧ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɛɬɺ ɧɛɦɛ Ɉɛɭɛɦɺ ɉɪɣɨɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɬɛɧɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɣɞɮɥɨɮɦɛ ɺɥ ɞɩɟɣɭɷɬɺ ³ Ɋɠɲɮ ɪɠɲɮ ɰɦʀɜɲɣɥ ³ Ȼ ɝɣɪɠɲɠɳ" ³ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɦɛ ɪɛɫɛ ɺɥʀɤ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɦɩ ɜʀɞɭɣ ɪɩɝɢ ɨɠʁ ³ Ƚɣɪɠɲɮ ³ Ȼ ɢɦɩɝɣɳ" ³ ɂɦɩɝɦɹ Ɋɛɫɛ ɫɩɢ·ɾɟɨɛɦɛɬɺ ɩɟɨɠ ɪɩɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɫɛɝɩɫɮɲ ɟɫɮɞɠ ³ ɦʀɝɩɫɮɲ Ɉɛ ɭɛɦɺ ɧɛɫɨɩ ɥɣɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɨɛɝɪɠɫɠɤɧɣ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɜʀɞ ɦʀɝɩɫɮɲ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɪɫɮɟ ɥʀɳɣɤ ʀ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɠ ɝɪʀɤɧɛɦɛ ɤɩɞɩ Ɋɛɫɛ ɢ·ɾɟɨɛɦɛɬɺ ɪɩɢɛɟ ɨɠʁ ɍɛɥ ɬɛɧɩ ɭɫɛɪɣɦɩɬɺ ɢ ɟɫɮɞɩɹ ʀ ɭɫɠɭɷɩɹ ɪɛɫɛɧɣ Ɉɛɭɛɦɺ ɢɛɰɠɥɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɦɩɜʀ ɫɺɬ ɨɩ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɪʀɭ Ɉɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɫɩɢʀɧɥɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɭɛ ɪɛɫɛ ɮ ɺɥʀɤ ɬɭɩɺɝ ɇɣɰɛɬɷ ɴɠ ɢ ɩɟ ɨɣɧ ɰɦɩɪɱɠɧ Ɉɛɭɛɦɺ ɬɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɜɮɦɛ ɳɛɫɪɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɢɛ ɇɣɰɛɬɠɝɣɧ ɨɛ ɪɛɫɨɣɥɩɧ ɛɦɠ ɭɩɤ ɥɫɮɭɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝ ɮɜʀɥ Ȳ ɭɩɟʀ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɩɜʀɞɦɛ ɨɛɢɮɬɭɫʀɲ ɇɣɰɛɬɠɝʀ Ƚʀɨ ɮɟɛɝ ɨʀɜɣ ɭʀɥɛɾ ɝʀɟ ɨɠʁ ɛɦɠ ɨɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɬɭɣɳɣɝ ɜʀɞ Ɉɛɭɛ ɦɺ ɟɩɭɩɫɥɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɟɩ ɇɣɰɛɬɺ ʀ ɢ ɝɟɺɲɨʀɬɭɹ ɞɦɺɨɮɦɛ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɪɩɳɥɩ ɟɮɝɛɝ ʁʁ
161. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ Ɇɚɪɿɣɱɢɧɟ ɨɩɨɜɿɞɚɧɧɹ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɣ ɜɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɢ ɹɤɭɫɶ ɝɪɭ ɚɛɨ ɝɭɪ ɬɨɜɭ ɪɨɛɨɬɭ ɱɢ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɦɟɬɭɲɧɸ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɩɟɪɟɪɜɢ ɇɟ ɧɚɦɚɝɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɫɿɯ ɫɜɨɸ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɡɨɫɟɪɟɞɶɬɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɧɚ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɯ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚɯ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
§ 19*.
Ⱥɪɯɚʀɱɧɚ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɚ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ȿʀɢɨɛɤɬɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ
ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɟɛɭɣ ʁɬɭɣ ɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ʀ ɪɩɟ ɭɛ ɪɩɰʀɟɨʀ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ʀɨɛɥɳɠ ɨʀɡ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ Ȳ ʀ ,, ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨ 162. Ɉɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɟɛɭɣ, ʁɬɭɣ, ɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɡ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ȱ ɬɚ ȱȱ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧ ɿ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɢɰɸ ɦɿɠ ɧɢɦɢ ɒɣɬɦɩ ɩɟɨɣɨɛ
ɧɨɩɡɣɨɛ
ɉɬɩɜɛ ɛ ɛ ɺ ɛ ɛ ɺ
Ȼɫɰɛʁɲɨɛ ɞɫɮɪɛ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɟɛɭɣ ʁɬɭɣ ɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ɟɛɧ ʁɧ ɪɩɝʀɧ ɟɛɬɣ ʁɬɣ ɪɩɝʀɬɣ ɟɛɬɭɷ ʁɬɭɷ ɪɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɟɛɧɩ ʁɧɩ ɪɩɝʀɧɩ ɟɛɬɭɠ ʁɬɭɠ ɪɩɝʀɬɭɠ ɟɛɟɮɭɷ ʁɟɺɭɷ ³
Ȳ ʀ ȲȲ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɧɲɛɭɣ ɟɛɹ ɧɲɮ ɟɛɾɳ ɧɲɣɳ ɟɛɾ ɧɲɣɭɷ ɟɛɾɧɩ ɧɲɣɧɩ ɟɛɾɭɠ ɧɲɣɭɠ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɧɲɛɭɷ
Ɋɫɣɧʀɭɥɛ ɏɩɫɧɮ ʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ʀ ɪɩɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɝɣɥɩ ɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɫʀɟɥɩ Ɉɛɭɩɧʀɬɭɷ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɥɛɡɮɭɷ ɫɩɢɥɛɡɮɭɷ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧ ɦɺɭɷ ɟɛɟɮɭɷ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɭɩɴɩ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɟɛɭɣ ʁɬɭɣ ɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ Ȳ ɭɛ ȲȲ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨ ɮ ɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ɧ ɮ ɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ³ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ɬɣ
163. ɉɪɨɡɦɿɧɸɣɬɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɪɫɩɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɿ ɪɫɩɟɛɭɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɢɰɸ ɜ ʀɯɧɶɨɦɭ ɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɿ
164*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ Ⱦɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɠɤɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɭ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ
Ɉɠ ɫɩɢʀɜ·ɾɳ ɞɩɫʀɰɛ ɭɩ ɨɠ ɢ·ʁɬɭɣ ʀ ɢɠɫɨɺɭɥɛ ɂɛ ɲɮɡɣɧ ɬɭɩɦɩɧ ɨɠ ɨɛ ʁɬɭɣɬɺ ³ ɛ ɩɬɩɜɛ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ Ʌɛɦɛɲ ɪɫɣʁɬɭɣɬɺ ɛ ɰɦʀɜ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ Ɉɠ ɺ ɰɦʀɜ ʁɬɭɣ ɛ ɝʀɨ ɧɠɨɠ ʁɬɭɣ ȿɠɳɠɝɠ ɧ·ɺɬɩ ʀ ɬɩɜɛɥɣ ɨɠ ʁɬɭɣ ȿɛɭɣ ³ ɺ ɩɬɩɜɛ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ȼɩɞ ɟɠɨɷ ɟɛɭɣ ʀ ɪɩɡɣɭɩɥ Ɉɠ ɪɩɰɝɛɦɣɳ ³ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɟɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɪɩɞɮɟɣɳ ³ ɨɠ ɥɮɪɣɭɣ Ɋɩɧɩɝɲ ɺɢɣɲɥɮ ɥɛɳɥɣ ɟɛɭɣ ³ ɛ ɩɬɩɜɛ ɩɟ ɨɣɨɣ ɒɮɟɨɣɤ ɜɮɜɦɣɥ ɥɫɮɞɩɧ ɩɜ·ʁɬɭɣ ³ ɛ ɩɬɩɜɛ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ɛ ɝɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɨɠɧɛ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɚɥ ɨɠ ɜɮɟɠɳ ɦɠɟɛɴɩ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ɥɫɛɴɠ
ȿʀɢɨɛɤɬɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ
Ȼɫɰɛʁɲɨɛ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɛ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ
165. Ɂ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ʀɜ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɭ ɜɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɞɿɣɫɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ ɣ ɡɪɨ ɛɿɬɶ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɛɿɪ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦɢ ɤɨɞɚɦɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɶ ´ɐɛ ɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮµ ɬɚ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛµ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɝɣʁɬɭɷ ³ Ɍɭɣɟ ɰɩɲ ɨɠ ɟɣɧ ɛ ɩɲʀ ɝɣʁɬɭɷ ɇɮɟɫɣɤ ɨɠ ɟɛɬɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɨʀɬ ɝɩɟɣɭɣ Ⱦɩɭɩɝɠɨɷɥɠ ʀ ɥʀɳɥɛ ɢ·ʁɬɭɷ Ⱦʀɫɥɩ ɢɛɫɩɜɣɳ ³ ɬɩɦɩɟɥɩ ɢ·ʁɬɣ Ɋɫɩɟɛɭɣ ɤ ɬɛɧ ɪɫɩɟɛɬɣ ɛ ɥɮɪɣɭɣ ɤ ɢ ɜɛɭɷɥɩɧ ɨɠ ɥɮɪɣɳ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɫɦɚɤɨɜɿ ɜɿɞɱɭɬɬɹ
Ⱦɫɮɳɥɛ ɥɫɠɧ·ɺɨɥɛ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɨɠɮɺɝɨɩ ɬɧɛɲ ɨɩɹ ʀ ɜɠɢɧɠɡɨɩ ɞɣɟɥɩɹ ³ ɢɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɭɩɞɩ ɥɩɦɣ ʁʁ ɢ·ʁɬɭɣ Ɋɩɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɣɴʀ ɟɩ ɪʀɢ ɨɷɩʁ ɩɬɠɨʀ ³ ʀ ɥɫɛɴɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɨɠʁ ɞɩɬɭɣɨɱɺ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɤ ɟɠɭɠ ɂɛɭɠ ɢʀɫɝɛɨɛ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɦʀɭɛ ɛɜɩ ɫɛɨɨɷɩʁ ɩɬɠɨʀ ɝɩɨɛ ɞʀɫɥɛ ɥɫɠɧ·ɺɨɣɬɭɛ ɝɮɢɦɮɝɛɭɛ ɥɣɬ ɦɛ ɚ ʁɝ ɢɠɦɠɨʀ ɪɦɩɟɣ ɢ ɟɣɥɩʁ ɺɜɦɮɨɷɥɣ ɥɣɬɦɣɲ ɥɣ ʁɝ ɢɠɦɠɨʀ ɬɦɣɝɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɤ ɭɠɫɠɨ ɑɠ ɨɠ ɦɛɬɩɴʀ ɟɦɺ ɰɦɩɪɱʀɝ ³ ɧɮɢɣɥɛ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɤ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɭɛɥɩɞɩ ɝɞɩɴɠɨɨɺ ɩɬɥɩɧɛ ɨɛɪɛɟɛɾ Ȼɦɠ ɤ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɩɬɥɩɧɣ ɜɮɝ ɪɠɝɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɝɬɭɫɩɧɣɳ ɪɩɬɦɣ ɨɠɨɣɤ ɪɛɦɠɱɷ ɮ ɬɩɦɺɨɥɮ ɝɣɜɛɜɫɛɾɳ ɪɛɦɠɱɷ ɮ ɬʀɦɷ ɛ ɭɩɟʀ ɤ ɭɠɫɨɠɳ ɪɩ ɢɮ ɜɛɰ ɫɛɢ ɝɟɫɮɞɠ ɉɬɥɩɧɮ ɺɥ ɫɮɥɩɹ ɢɨʀɧɠ Ȼɦɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢɠɦɠɨɩʁ ɞɫɮɳʀ ɥɫɠɧ·ɺɨɥɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɬʀɦɷ ɨɠ ɟɛɾ ɪɩɫɺɭɮɨɥɮ Ɏɥɮɬɣɳ ɭɮ ɞɫɮɳɮ ʀ ɫɩɭ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɞɮɡɠɧ ɬɭɺɞɨɠ ɺɢɣɥɩɧ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɠɳ ɫɩɭɩɧ ɨɠ ɢʀɪɨɠɳ ɟɩ ɢɮɜʀɝ ɟɩɭɩɫɥɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɠ ɪɦɺɧɥɨɠɳ Ȳ ɭɩɟʀ ɬɭɩɞɨɠɳ ɬɭɺɞɨɠɨɣɤ ɩɭʀɾɹ ɢɠɦɠɨɩɹ ɭɮɡɛɝɣɨɩɹ ´ɉɤ ɟʀɟɮɬɹ ɥɣɬɦɠ µ ³ ´ɔɩ ɥɣɬɦɠ ³ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɟʀɟɮɬɷ ɉɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫ ³ ɭɩ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɇɮɡɣɥ ʁɬɭɷ ɥɣɬɦɠ ɭɩ ɺɥ ɟɮɜ ɛ ɪɛɨɣ ɨɛ ɬɩɦɩɟɩɴɛɰ ɪɮɰɨɮɭɷ ɭɛ ɜɫɠɢɥ ɨɮɭɷ ɒɩɜɩɭɛ ɬɛɧ ɨɠ ɨɛɭɺɞɨɠ µ Ȳ Ɍɠɨɲɠɨɥɩ
ȱȱ Ɉɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɦɚɤ ɹɛɥɭɤɚ ɚɛɨ ɜɢɲɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɫɥɢɜɢ ɚɛɨ ɬɿɽʀ ɠ ɝɪɭɲɿ ɜɠɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɣ ɞɿɽ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɚɪɯɚʀɱɧɨʀ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ ɜ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɱɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɦɭ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ
167. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɤɪɢɥɚɬɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɜɦɮɥɩ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧɛ ɍɠɦɺ ɝʀɟɬɭɩɺɨɛ ɞʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɳɝɠɤɱɛɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɭɫʀɦɠɱɷ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧ ɍɠɦɷ ɨɠ ɝɥɦɩɨɣɝɬɺ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɩɝʀ ʀ ɭɩɤ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɤɩɧɮ ɝɣɪɮɬɭɣɭɣ ɬɭɫʀ ɦɮ ɝ ɺɜɦɮɥɩ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɠɨɠ ɨɛ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɛɦɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧ ɍɠɦɷ ɮɱʀɦɣɝ ɮ ɺɜɦɮɥɩ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɮɜɣɝ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɛ ɚɜɦɮɥɛ Ⱦɠɬɪɠɫɣɟ ɥɩɳɭɩɝɨɣɤ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɩɥ ɢɛ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɣɧ ɧʀɯɩɧ ɱʀ ɺɜɦɮɥɛ ɟʀɬɭɛɝ ɭɣɭɛɨ Ȼɭɦɛɬ ʀɢ ɬɛɟɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɝ ɬɠ ɬɭɫɛɧ Ⱦɠɬɪɠɫɣɟɛɧ ʀ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɺɝɬɺ ɬɭɩɞɩɦɩɝɣɧ ɢɧʀɾɧ ɚɜɦɮɥɩ ɨɠɢɞɩɟɣ ɪɫɠɟ ɧɠɭ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɩɥ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɭɠ ɺɜɦɮɥɩ ɪʀɟɥɣɨɮɭɠ ɜɩɞɣɨɠɹ ɫɩɢɜɫɛɭɮ ɝɫɠɳɭʀ ɫɠɳɭ ʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɛɬɺ ɍɫɩɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɝʀɤɨɛ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
§ 20.
Ɇɢɧɭɥɢɣ ɿ ɞɚɜɧɨɦɢɧɭɥɢɣ ɱɚɫɢ
ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɩɬɨɩɝɣ ʀɨɯʀɨʀɭɣɝɛ 168. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɹɤ ɬɜɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɦɢɧɭɥɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɿ ɹɤɿ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɧ ɦɚɽ Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɒɣɬɦɩ
ɋʀɟ
ɢɨɛɭɣ
ɝɠɬɭɣ
ɫɩɬɭɣ
ɩɟɨɣɨɛ
ɲɩɦɩɝʀɲɣɤ ɡʀɨɩɲɣɤ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ
ɢɨɛ ɝ ɢɨɛ ɦɛ ɢɨɛ ɦɩ
ɝʀ ɝ ɝɠ ɦɛ ɝɠ ɦɩ
ɫʀɬ ɫɩɬ ɦɛ ɫɩɬ ɦɩ
ɧɨɩɡɣɨɛ
ɮɬʀ
ɢɨɛ ɦɣ
ɝɠ ɦɣ
ɫɩɬ ɦɣ
169. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɳɨ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɨɮ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ
Ɍɭɠɫɪɨɮɭɣ ³ ɬɭɠɫɪ ɬɭɠɫɪɦɛ ɬɭɠɫɪɦɩ ɬɭɠɫɪɦɣ ɍɣɬɨɮɭɣ ³ ɭɣɬ ɭɣɬ ɦɛ ɭɣɬɦɩ ɭɣɬɦɣ ʀ ɭɣɬɨɮɝ ɭɣɬɨɮɦɛ ɭɣɬɨɮɦɩ ɭɣɬɨɮɦɣ Ɍɭɮɥɨɮɭɣ ³ ɬɭɮɥ ɨɮɝ ɬɭɮɥɨɮɦɛ ɬɭɮɥɨɮɦɩ ɬɭɮɥɨɮɦɣ
170. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩ ɠ ɢ ʀ. ɇɩɞɭɣ ³ ɧʀɞ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɧɩɞɦɩ ɧɩɞɦɣ Ƚɠɢɭɣ ³ ɝʀɢ ɝɠɢɦɛ ɝɠɢɦɩ ɝɠɢɦɣ Ƚɩɦɩɥɭɣ ³ ɝɩɦʀɥ ɝɩɦɩɥɦɛ ɝɩɦɩɥɦɩ ɝɩɦɩɥɦɣ ɇɠɬɭɣ ³ ɧʀɝ ɧɠɦɛ ɧɠɦɩ ɧɠɦɣ ȿʀɢɨɛɤɬɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ
ȿʀɾ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɟɛɝɨɩɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ȿɛɝɨɩɧɣɨɮɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɟʀɹ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɛɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɟ ʀɨɳɩɹ ɧɣ ɨɮɦɩɹ ɟʀɾɹ 171. Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɹɤ ɬɜɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɚɜɧɨɦɢɧɭɥɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ Ɇɮɥɛɳ ɨɛɰɣɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɨɛɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɝɠɫɜɩɝɮ ɬɩɪʀɦɥɮ ɴɩ ɜɮɝ ɥɣɨɮɝ ɜɠɫɠ ʁʁ ɟɩ ɫɮɥ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ Ƚʀɦ ɴɩɬɷ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɜɮɝ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɷ ɟɛ ɬɮɟɟʀ ɫʀɲ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɪɩɲɣɨɥɮ ɪɠɫɠɜɣɦɣ Ȱ Ⱦɫɠɜʀɨɥɛ ȼɮɝ ɪɩɢɛɜɮɝɛɝ ɭɩɝɛɫɣɳʀɝ ³ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɪɫɣɞɛɟɛɝ Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɲɠɨɥɩ Ɉɛɬɭɺ ɝɢɺɦɛɬɷ ɜɮɦɛ ɟɩ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ³ Ⱦɩɟʀ Ɉɛɬ ɭɠ ³ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɮ ɨɛɬ ɬɝɺɭɩ ³ Ɉɛɬɭɺ ɬɥɦɛɦɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɮ ɇɛɫɥɩ Ƚɩɝɲɩɥ
ɇɣɨɮɦɣɤ ʀ ɟɛɝɨɩɧɣɨɮɦɣɤ ɲɛɬɣ
ɇɣɨɮɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɭɝɩɫɣɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɨɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɩʁ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟɩ ɟɛɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɢɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɥʀɨɱɠɝɣɰ ɭɣ ɬɭɣ ɬɮɯʀɥɬʀɝ ɝ ɛɜɩ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɦ ɛ ɦ ɩ ɦ ɣ ȿʀɾ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɲɛɬʀ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɤ ɲɣɬɦɛɧɣ ɢɛ ɩɬɩɜɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ Ɋɫɣ ɭɝɩɫɠɨɨʀ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɬɮɯʀɥɬ ɨɮ ɧɩɡɠ ɝɣɪɛ ɟɛɭɣ ɛɦɠ ɨɠ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɒɠɫɞɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɩ ɠ ɢ ʀ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɲɩɧɮ ɫɩɟʀ 172. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɪɿɞ ɿ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɬɚ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɹɤ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ ɰɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ
ɐɩɭʀɝ ɪɩɧɣɨɮɭɣ ɪɠɨɷ ɭɛ ɨɛʁɰɛɝ ɨɛ ɥɩɦɩɟɮ ɂɝɣɥ ɬɩɜɛɥɛ ɢɛ ɝɩɢɩɧ ɜʀɞɭɣ ɪɩɜʀɡɣɭɷ ʀ ɢɛ ɬɛɨɷɧɣ Ɋɫɣɨʀɬ ɢ ɜɮɜɦɣɥɛ ɳɨɮɫɩɲɥɛ Ɉɩɬɣɝ ɝɩɝɥ ɩɝɠɱɷ ³ ɪɩɨɠɬɦɣ ʀ ɝɩɝɥɛ Ɋɩɝʀɝ ɥɩɨɺ ɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɺɥ ɥɮɢɨɺ ɢɞɩɫʀɦɛ Ɏ ɦʀɬʀ ɜɮɝ ɛ ɟɫɩɝ ɨɠ ɜɛɲɣɝ Ⱦɩɦɥɛ ɝ ɬɭʀɡɩɥ ɮɪɛɦɛ ³ ɪɣɳɣ ɪɫɩɪɛɦɩ
173. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɣ ɜɿɞɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ʀɯ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɽ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ
ȼɛɫɝɣɬɭʀ ɥɩɫɩɧɣɬɦɛ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɫʀɲɥɮ ɪɩɝɣɬɦɣ ɋɩɢɱɝʀɦɛ ɥɝʀɭɥɛ ³ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɝɣɟɥɩ ɞɮɫɥɨɮɝ ɝʀɢ ³ ɲɠɥɛɤ ɬɦʀɢ ɚɥ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɝ ³ ɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɦʀɢ ɰɭɩ ɟʀɬɭɛɝ ³ ɮɭɠɫɬɷ ɝʀɟ ɬɦʀɢ Ƚʀɟɞɛɟɥɣ ɜɦɣɬɥɛɝɥɛ ɞɫʀɧ ʀ ɟɩɴ ɝɠɬɠɦɥɛ ɰɫʀɨ
174*. ɉɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɱɨɥɨɜɿɱɨɦɭ ɪɨɞɿ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ Ɍɣɟʀɭɣ ɬʀɟɛɭɣ ɬʀɬɭɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɭɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ɞɫɠɜɭɣ ɭɠɥɭɣ ɨɠɬɭɣ ɜɫɠɬ ɭɣ ɢɜɦʀɟɨɮɭɣ ɢɧɠɫɢɨɮɭɣ ɬɩɰɨɮɭɣ
175*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ Ⱦɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɠɤɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɦɢ ɧɭɥɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ
ɉɪɠɥɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɧɩɦɩɱʀ ɭɩ ɤ ɨɛ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɮ ɝɩɟɮ ɟɧɠ Ɍɪɫɩɧɩɞɭɣɬɺ ɟʀɟ ɨɛ ɩɜʀɟ ɛ ɜɛɜɛ ɨɛ ɥɣɬʀɦɷ Ƚɣɫɩɬɭɣ ɭɛ ɮɧɛ ɨɠ ɝɣɨɠɬɭɣ Ɉɛɝɣɥɨɮɭɣ ɨɛ ɜʀɦɣɤ ɰɦʀɜ ɭɩ ɝɡɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɩɫɨɣɤ ɝ ɢɮɜɣ ɥɩɦɠ ȿɩɜɫɠ ɟʀɦɩ ɩɜʀɟ ɬʀɬɭɣ ɢɛ ɬɭʀɦ ɭɛ ɤ ʁɡ ɂɛɧɥɨɮɭɣ ɪɛɨ ɬɭɛɤɨɹ ɺɥ ɥɩɨʀ ɝɥɫɛɬɭɣ Ɉɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɜ ɴɛɬ ɭɺ ɭɛɥ ɨɠɴɛɬɭɺ ɪɩɧɩɞɭɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
176. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡ ɜɿɪɲɚ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦɢ ɤɨɞɚɦɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɶ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɱʀ ɦɩɧɮµ ɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛµ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɪɛɟɛɝ ³ ). Ɍɨʀɞ ɪɛɟɛɝ ɜɠɢɳɠɦɠɬɨɩ ɤ ɫʀɝɨɩ ɍɮɧɛɨɨɩ ɭɛɨɮɦɣ ɩɞɨʀ Ȳ ɟɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɟɢɝʀɨ ɬɭɩɺɝ ɭɛɥ ɟɣɝɨɩ Ƚ ɨɠɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɦʀɤ ɭɣɳɣɨʀ ɇɣ ɝɟɝɩɰ ʀɳɦɣ ɤ ɨɠ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɍɣ ɝɬɺ ɢɛɬɨʀɡɠɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ Ɍɨʀɡɣɨɥɣ ɞɫɛɦɣ ʀ ɢɩɫʀɦɣ Ɉɛɟ ɬɧɮɭɥɩɧ ɭɣɰɩɞɩ ɲɩɦɛ ɇ ɋɣɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ
177. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɋɮɬɥɛɭɣ ɧɛɨɮ ɮ ɝʀɲʀ ɩɜɟɮɫɹɝɛɭɣ ɦɠɭʀɭɣ ɬɭɩɫɲ ɞɩɦɩɝɩɹ ɦɠɭʀɭɣ ɬɭɫʀɦɩɹ ɟɮɡɠ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɜʀɞɭɣ ɲɮɭɥɛ ɪʀɳɦɛ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɢ ɪʀɟ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɨɩɬɛ ɢ ɟɮɡɠ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩʁ ɝʀɟɬɭɛɨʀ ɝɛɡɣɭɣ ɡɣɭɭɺɧ ɨɛɫɛɡɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɧɠɫɭɠɦɷɨɮ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɮ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɮ ɪɫɣɞɩɟʀ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɭɣ ɝɣɺɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɣɧ ɢɛ ɝɠɦʀɨɨɺɧ ɬɠɫɱɺ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɟɩ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɫɛɞɨɠɨɷ ɟɮɳɛ ɝ ɪ·ɺɭɣ ɪɩɦʀɢɦɛ ɪɩɰɩɦɩɦɩ ɝ ɟɮɳʀ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɬɭɫɛɳɨɩ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
9ȱȱ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚ ɞɭɦɤɚ ɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɋɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɲɣ ɪɫɩ ɺɥʀɬɷ ɯɛɥɭɣ ɩɪɣɬɮɹɲɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɧɣ ɧɣɧɩɝɩɦʀ ɝɣɥɛɢɮɾɧɩ ɤ ɬɝɩɾ ɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɩɪɣɬɮɝɛɨɣɰ ɺɝɣɴ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɝɲɣɨɥʀɝ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɛ ɛɝɭɩɫɬɷɥɛ ɟɮɧɥɛ ɪɩɢɣɱʀɺ ɝ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɷɩɧɮ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɝɣɺɝɦɺ ɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɮ ɝɣɜɩɫʀ ɭɠɧɣ ɝ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨʀ ɠɪʀɢɩɟʀɝ ɮ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠ ɫɣɬɭɣɱʀ ɞɠɫɩʁɝ ɛ ɤ ɮ ɟɩɜɩɫʀ ɬɦʀɝ ɝ ɠɪʀɭɠɭɛɰ ɮ ɫɠɪɦʀɥɛɰ ɪɠɫɬɩɨɛ ɡʀɝ ɝ ʀɨɭɩɨɛɱʀʁ ɛ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɝ ɪɮɜɦʀɱɣɬɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɦɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɤ ɪɫɺɧɩ
Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɹɤ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɶɤɭ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɧɚɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɜɨɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɥɢɜɚ ɋɜɨʀ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɭɣɬɟ
ɇɣɨɮɦɣɤ ʀ ɟɛɝɨɩɧɣɨɮɦɣɤ ɲɛɬɣ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ
ɉɜɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɬɣɦɩɹ ɜɠɢɦʀɲ ʁɰ ɬɭɩɺɦɩ ɨɛɝɥʀɦ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ȳ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɨʀ ɝɣɤɭɣ ɢ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɨʀ ɢɝʀɬɭɥɮ ɪɩɬɦɛɭɣ ɨʀ ɥɩɨɺ ɨɛɪɩʁɭɣ ³ ɬɭɩ ɺɦɣ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɣ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ɇɣɜɠɟʀ ɂɨɠɧɛɞɛɦɣ ɦɹɟɣ ɜɠɢ ʁɡʀ ɭɛ ɜɠɢ ɝɩɟɣ Ȳ ɢʀɜɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɦɹɟɣ ɭʀɾʁ ɬɭɩɫɩɨɣ ȿɨʀɪɫɛ ɨɛ ɲɩɝɨɛɰ ʀ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɨɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ Ȳ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ʁɧ ɪɫɩɜɫɛɭɣɬɺ ɝ Ʌɣʁɝ ɨʀ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ Ȳ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɭɮɡɣɭɣ ɦɹɟɣ ɝ ɧʀɬɭʀ ɤ ɪɣɭɛɦɣ ³ ɒɣ ɨɠɧɛ ɥɩɞɩ ɰɭɩ ɜ ɧʀɞ ɪɠɫɠɪɦɣɝɭɣ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɜʀɥ ȿɨʀɪɫɛ ɤ ɬɥɛɢɛɭɣ ʁɧ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɪʀɟɬɭɮɪɦɺɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛ ɫɛɨɩɥ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ʀ ɨɠ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɨɛɧ ɢɟɛɧɩɬɷ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɛɧ" Ȳ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɭɫɩɥ** ³ ɚ ɪɠɫɠɪɦɣɝɮ Ȳ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɦɣ ɤɩɧɮ ³ Ʉɟɣ Ƚʀɨ ɡɠ ɝɣɜɫɛɝɬɺ ɢ ɝɮɢɟɠɲɥɩɹ ɝ ɫɮɥɛɰ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɬɭʀɤɜɣɴɠ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞʀɝ ɪɣɭɛɹɲɣ ʁɰ ³ Ɉɠ ɜɛɲɣɝ ɰɭɩ ɧɩɞɩ ɥɩɨɺ" ȼɩ ɝʀɨ ɮɧʀɝ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɪɩ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɢɷɥɩɧɮ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɦɣ ɢɛ ɬɝɩɞɩ Ȳ ɥɩɦɣ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɩɬɥɩɲɣɝ ɟɩ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɭɩ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɢɨɺɝ ɩɟɠɡɣɨɮ ɥɣɨɮɝɬɺ ɮ ȿɨʀɪɫɩ ʀ ɪɩɪɦɣɝ Ɋɩɜɛɲɣɝɳɣ ɱɠ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɣ ɧɠɭɨɮɦɣɬɷ ɢɛ ɨɣɧ ɬɭɫʀɦɺɦɣ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɢ ɦɮɥʀɝ ɭɛ ɨʀ ɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ Ɉɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ɪɩɧʀɭɣɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɣɪɦɣɝɦɣ ɨɛɝɪɫɩɭɣ ɲɩɝɨɩɧ ´Ɋɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɰ ɦʀɭµ ɪɠɫɠɥɛɢ Ƚ ȼɦɣɢɨɠɱɺ
´Ɋɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɰ ɦʀɭµ ɮ ɋɛɟɢɣɝʀɦɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬʀ
ȱȱ ɉɟɪɟɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ Ɇɨɠɟɬɟ ɞɨɩɨɜɧɢɬɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɫɜɨʀɦɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɦɢ ɬɚɤ ɹɤ ɜɢ ɭɹɜɥɹ ɽɬɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɝ ɛɟɡɿɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɸɧɚɤɚ ɉɟɪɟɤɚɡ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ əɤɳɨ ɠ ɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɦɟɬɟ ɭɫɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡ ɬɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧ ɍ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɹɦɭ ɦɨɜɭ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȟȪȜȚȖȗ DZȎșȖț
ɚ ³ ɎɅɋȻȳɈɅȻ ɚ ɞɩɫɟɡɮɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ ɴɩ ɡɣɝɮ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ Ɏ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɨɠɦɠɞɥɛ ɛɦɠ ɟɮɡɠ ɟɛɝɨɺ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɔɩɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɠ ɧʀɦɷ ɤɩɨ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɨɛ ɱʀɤ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɩɬɠɦɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɦɹɟɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɩɬɝɩɹɝɛɦɣ ɨɠɩɜɡɣɭʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ ɝɣɫɩɜɦɺɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɢɝɣɲɛʁ ɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɮ Ȳ ɝɡɠ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɭɩɟʀ ɡ ɝʀɟɥɩɦɣ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɤ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ Ɍɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ Ȱɞɣɪɭɮ ɨɛ ɨɛɳʀɤ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɭɫɣɪʀɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɥɮɦɷ ɭɮɫɛ ɢ ɝɣɫɛɢɨɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɫɣɬɛɧɣ Ɇɹɟɣ ɡɣɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɬɠɦɛɧɣ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨʀ ɛɜɩ ɬɛɧɛɨɨʀ ɰɛɭɣ ɬɭʀɨɣ ɜɮɟɣɨɥʀɝ ʀ ɪɠɲʀ ɢɧɛɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɞɦɣɨɩɹ ɫɩɢɧɛɦɷɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɝʀɭɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɞɩɨɲɛɫɨɣɤ ɪɩɬɮɟ ɩɫɛɦɣ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɫɩɢɝɩɟɣɦɣ ɰɮɟɩɜɮ Ɏ ɨɣɰ ɧɛɜɮɭɷ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɝɩɺ ɪɣɬɠɧɨʀɬɭɷ Ɋɫɣɨɛɤɧɨʀ ɨɛ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɞɦɠɲɣɥɛɰ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɺɥʀɬɷ ɨɛɪɣɬɣ Ɏɲɣɭɠɦɷ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɥɛɡɠ ɴɩ ɝɣɳɣɝɥɣ ɨɛ ɫɮɳɨɣ ɥɛɰ ɝʀɢɠɫɮɨɥɣ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɟɨʀɰ ɪɣɬɛɨɥɛɰ ɝɮɢɦɣɥɣ ɨɛ ɭɩɫɩɲɥɛɰ ɬɥɛɭɠɫɭɣɨ ɭɛ ɰɮɬɭɩɥ ³ ɱɠ ɢɛɦɣɳɥɣ ɢɛɜɮɭɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ ɪɣɬɷɧɛ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɠɫɣ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɦɛ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɨʀɬɭɷ Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɱɠ ɜɮɦɛ Ȼɨɭɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɾ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɺ Ʌɣʁɝ ɬɷɥɛ ɋɮɬɷ ɟɛɦʀ ɜɮɦɣ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ʌɩɢɛɱɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ Ɉɛɫɩɟɨɛ ɋɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɥɛ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɧɛɾɧɩ ɬɝɩɹ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ Ƚɛɡɥɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɳɦɺɰ ɟɩ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɇʀɦɷɤɩɨɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱʀɝ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɢɛ ɭɠ ɴɩɜ ɧɣ ʁɰɨʀ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɝɦɛɬɨɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɍɣɬɺɲʀ ɨɛɤɥɫɛ ɴɣɰ ɨɛɤɫɩɢɮɧɨʀɳɣɰ ɨɛɳɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɢɨɣɴɣɦɣ ɛɜɩ ɪɠɫɠɧɛɨɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɬɦɮɡɜɮ ɟɩ ɬɠɜɠ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɧʀɦɷɤɩɨɣ ʁɰ ɢɛɧɩɫɣɦɣ ɞɩɦɩɟɩɧ ɨɛ ɢɛɬɦɛɨɨɺɰ ɮ ɭɹɫɧɛɰ Ȼɦɠ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɬɭɛɝɛɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɬɝɩɹ ɟɩɦɹ ɑɠ ɪɫɛɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɡɣɝɠ ɝ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɪʀɬɨɺɰ ɺɥɣɰ ɜɠɢɦʀɲ ɨɛ ɨɛɳʀɤ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɮ ɭɝɩɫ ɲɩɬɭʀ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɮ ɬɪʀɝɮɲʀɤ ɪɫɛɟɛɝɨʀɤ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɧɩɝʀ ɮ ɨɛɳɣɰ ɢɝɣ ɲɛɺɰ ɮ ɨɛɳʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɺɥɮ ɧɣ ɜɮɟɮɾɧɩ ɤ ɢɜɮɟɮɾɧɩ ɨɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨʀ ɨɛ ɺɥʀ ɭɫɮɟɨɩɴʀ ɍɩɧɮ ɺ ɤ ɪɣɳɛɹɬɺ ɴɩ ɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ ʀ ɴɩ ɡɣɝɮ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ
179. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ Ƚɚɥɢɧ ɪɨɡɞɭɦ ɇɚ ɭɪɨɰɿ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɿ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɱɨɦɭ ɧɚɦ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɝɨɪɞɢɬɢɫɹ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɦ ɞɛɚɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɭ ɡɧɚɬɢ ɪɿɞɧɭ ɿɫɬɨɪɿɸ ɉɨɬɿɦ ɧɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɬɜɿɪ ɧɚ ɰɸ ɬɟɦɭ
ɇɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɲɛɬ
§ 21.
Ɇɚɣɛɭɬɧɿɣ ɱɚɫ
Ȱ ɭɫɣ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɤ ɪɫɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɡɠ ɤɳɦɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɣɤ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɭɣɧɮ" ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɤ ɴɩ ɜɮɟɮ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ" ɉɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɟɝʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷ ɦɣɳɠ ɝʀɟ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ 180. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɹɤ ɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɿɣ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɢɣ ɿ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɿɣ ɫɤɥɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɱɚɫɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɿ ɹɤɿ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɨɧɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɒɣɬɦɩ
ɉɬɩɜɛ
Ɍɥɦɛɟɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ
Ɍɥɦɛɟɠɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ
ɩɟɨɣɨɛ
ɛ ɛ ɺ
ɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɧɮ ɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɧɠɳ ɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɧɠ
ɜɮɟɮ ɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɜɮɟɠɳ ɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɜɮɟɠ ɟɮɧɛɭɣ
ɧɨɩɡɣɨɛ
ɛ ɛ ɺ
ɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɧɠɧɩ ɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɧɠɭɠ ɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɧɮɭɷ
ɜɮɟɠɧɩ ɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɜɮɟɠɭɠ ɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɜɮɟɮɭɷ ɟɮɧɛɭɣ
ɇɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɭɝɩɫɣɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɟɛɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɟɩ ɨɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɩʁ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɷ Ȳ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɝʀɟ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɤɨɺɭɣ ɜɠɢ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɢɝɮɥɛ ɤ ɧɮ ɧɠɳ ɧɠ ɧɠɧɩ ɧɠɭɠ ɧɮɭɷ ɇɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɭɝɩɫɣɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɨɺɧ ɩɬɩ ɜɩɝɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɜɮɭɣ ɜɮɟɮ ɜɮɟɠɳ ʀ ɭ ɟ ɢ ɨɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɩɹ ɯɩɫɧɩɹ ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɩɧɮ ʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɩɧɮ ɲɛɬɛɰ ɢɧʀɨɹ ɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɩɬɩɜɛɧɣ ɤ ɲɣɬɦɛɧɣ ȿʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɨɠ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ 181. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɸ ɨɫɨɛɭ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ² ɩɪɨɫɬɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɚ ɱɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɟɧɚ
Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɩ ȿɩɥɣ ɡɣɭɣ ɜɮɟɮ ɟɩɭɣ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝɛɭɣɧɮ ɭɠɜɠ Ƚ Ɍɣɧɩɨɠɨɥɩ Ʌɩɦɣ ɺ ɨɠ ɞɩɫʀɭɣɧɮ ɥɩɦɣ ɭɣ ɨɠ ɞɩɫʀɭɣɧɠɳ ɥɩɦɣ ɧɣ ɨɠ ɞɩɫʀɭɣɧɠɧɩ ɭɩ ɰɭɩ ɡ ɭɩɟʀ ɜɮɟɠ ɬɝʀɭɣɭɣ" ə ɂɜɛɨɛɱɷɥɣɤ Ƚʀɲɨɩ ɜɮɟɮɭɷ ɦɹɟɣ ɳɮɥɛɭɣ ɰɭɩ ³ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɟɩɜɫɛ ɰɭɩ ³ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɥɫɛɬɣ Ɋ Ɍɥɮɨɱɷ ȿɩɥɣ ɡɣɭɣɧɠɳ ɭɣ ɜɮɟɮɭɷ ɥɝʀɭɣ ɱɝʀɬɭɣ ʀ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɛ ɨɠ ɪɩɞɛɬɨɠ ɦɹɜɩɝ Ƚ əɰɣɧɩɝɣɲ Ɋɩɲɩɫɨʀ ɦʀ ɬɨʀɞɣ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɛɭɣɧɮɭɷ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɝɠɬɨɮ ʀ ɝɩɦɩɞʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɩɜɧɣɝɛɭɣɧɮɭɷ ɥɩɬɣ ɜɠɫɠ ɢɛɧ Ɇ Ɋɠɫɝɩɧɛɤɬɷɥɣɤ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
182. ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɱɨɦɭ ɜ ɭɫɿɯ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɩɟ ɪɟɞ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɦɢ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɧɮ, ɧɠɳ ɿ ɬ ɞ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɛɭɤɜɭ ɣ ɫɩɢɪɣɭɮ ɝɛɭɣɧɮ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɝɛɭɣɧɠɧɩ 183. ɉɪɨɡɦɿɧɸɣɬɟ ɜ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ʀɭɣ, ɢɨɛɭɣ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ. Ʉɿɧɰɟɜɿ ɣɧɮ, ɣɧɠɳ ɿ ɬ ɞ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɧɢɠɱɟ ɿ ɹɤɳɨ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ ʀɯ
ɉɟɨɣɨɛ ɺ ʀɭɣɧɮ ɢɨɛɭɣɧɮ ɭɣ ʀɭɣɧɠɳ ɢɨɛɭɣɧɠɳ ɝʀɨ ʀɭɣɧɠ ɢɨɛɭɣɧɠ
ɇɨɩɡɣɨɛ ɧɣ ʀɭɣɧɠɧɩ ɢɨɛɭɣɧɠɧɩ ɝɣ ʀɭɣɧɠɭɠ ɢɨɛɭɣɧɠɭɠ ɝɩɨɣ ʀɭɣɧɮɭɷ ɢɨɛɭɣɧɮɭɷ
ȱ Ⱦɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɜɲɢ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɚɛɨ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧ ɤɢ ɞɿɽ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɜɫɹ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɿɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɿɽ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɜɫɹ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɿɣ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ
ɉɢɟɩɜɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɟɩɫɮɲɣɭɣ ɧʀɫɺɭɣ ɩɤɥɛɭɣ ɢɨɣɴɣɭɣ ɢɱʀɦɣɭɣ ɮɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɝɠɬɭɣ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ´Ɍɪʀɝɛɭɣɧɠ ɪʀ ɝɠɨɷ ɲɣ ɨʀ ɛ«µ. ɉɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟ ɱɢ ɜɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɟɪɲɨʀ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɣɭɷ ɚ ɞɪɭɝɨʀ ² ɧɠ 185. ɉɟɪɟɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɧɚ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɽ ɡɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦ Ȳ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɪɫɣɤɟɠ ɭɫɛɝɠɨɷ ȼɠɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɿɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ Ⱦɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɦɚɣ ɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ
ɍɫɛɝɠɨɷ Ⱦɛɫɨɩ ɪɫɣɝʀɭɨɩ ɟɩɝɥɩɦɛ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɦɛɬɥɛɝɩ ɞɫɛɾ ɝɣɜɦɣɬɥɮɾ ɪɫɩ ɧʀɨɨɺɧ Ɋɛɫɮɾ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɂɠɦɠɨʀɹɭɷ ɦɮɥɣ Ʌɝʀɭɣ ɴɠɟɫɩ ɦɦɹɭɷ ɨʀɡɨʀ ɪɛɰɩɴʀ ȿɠɫɠɝɛ ɝɥɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɧ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɧ ɦɣɬɭɺɧ ɐɝɣɦɺɧɣ ɥɩɭɺɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɪɩɝʀɭɫʀ ɬɩ ɦɩɝɠɤɥɩɝʀ ɭɫɠɦʀ Ɏɬɠ ɫɛɟʀɾ
ɇɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɲɛɬ
186. Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɉɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɚɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ
Ȼɝɭɩɬɭɫɛɟɛ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɧɣ ɫʀɝɨɛ ɭɝɠɫɟɛ ɛɡ ɟɢɝɠɨɣɭɷ ȳɟɷɧɩ Ȼ ɨʀɲ ɞɩɦɮɜʀɭɣɧɠ ʀ ɧʀɨɣɭɣɧɠɭɷɬɺ ³ ɧʀɬɺɲɨɛ ɤ ɭɣɰɛ ɝɠɫɠɬɨɠɝɛ ɨʀɲ ɧɩɝ ɟɦɺ ɬɪɩɝʀɟʀ Ȳ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɨʀ ɝɠɫɜɣ ɨɛɟ ɳɦɺɰɩɧ ɢɟɛɝɛɭɣɧɮɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩɢɩɫɣɧɣ Ȳ ɭɫɛɬɛ ɜʀɦʀɭɣɧɠ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨʀ ɨɛɲɠ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɛ ɨɠ ɢ ɜɠɭɩɨɮ ɛ ɢ ɞʀɪɬɮ ɲɣ ɥɛɧɠɨɹ ɢ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɝ ɨɛɳʀɧ ɬɠɦʀ ɝɣɪɛɦɹɹɭɷ ɝɛɪɨɩ ɴɩɜ ɪɩɜʀɦɣɭɣ ɰɛɭɣ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɦʀɬɣ ɭɠɧɨʀɭɣ ɧɮɭɷ ɩɜɛɜʀɲ ɍɛ ɧɛɳɣɨɣ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɮ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɨɣɢɮɝɛɭɣɧɮɭɷ ɨɛɬ ɨɩɡɛɧɣ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɯɛɫ ɉ Ɍɣɢɩɨɠɨɥɩ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɥɸɞɫɶɤɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɭɸɬɶ ɡɟɦɥɿ ɬɚ ɹɜɢɳɚɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ əɤɢɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɰɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɨ"
ɉɫɹɭɷ Ɋɠɫɠɩɫɛɨɛ ɲɩɫɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɾ ɝɣɴɠ ɞɫɮɟɣ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɛ ɢʀɭɰɛɾ ȳʁ ɩɞɩɫɭɛɾ ɬɩɦɩɟɥɛ ɝɭɩɧɛ ɢɛ ɦʀɭɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɛɧɩɫɣɦɛɬɷ ɝɣɞɩɤɟɮɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɬɩɜʀ ɢɜʀɡ ɡɺ ɜɣɭɛ ɞɫɩɧɩɧ ɦɺɥɛɨɛ ɜɦɣɬɥɛɝɥɩɹ ɍɠɪɠɫ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɩɢʀɰɛɾ ɬɣɝɣɧɣ ɫɛɨɥɛ ɧɣ ɝɥɫɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɮɧɛɨɩɧ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɮɟɨɺ ɭɫɣɧɛɾ ɨɛ ɬɩɜʀ ɥɩɦɹɲɮ ɫɩɬɮ ɛ ɭɠɪ ɦɩ ʁʁ ɝɝɠɲɠɫʀ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɞɛɾ ɢɛɦɛɢɺɲɣ ɝɞɦɣɜ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɡɟɠ ɨɛ ɩɜɦɩɡɨɮ ɧɩɥɝɮ ɨɛ ɬʀɫʀ ɪɫɩɨɣɢɮɹɲʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɨɛ ɜɠɢɪɫɩɞɦɺɟɨʀ ɨɩɲʀ Ƚɬɺ ɭɛ ɨɠɞɩɟɛ ɜɮɟɠ ʁɤ ɜɛɤɟɮɡɩɹ ɝɩɨɛ ɢɛɬɣɨɛɭɣɧɠ Ȳ ɥɩɦɣ ɰɮʊɛ ɬɪʀɝɛɭɣɧɠ ɩɟ ɺɫɮ ɟɩ ɺɫɮ ɬɝɩɹ ɪɠɫɠɧɠɫɢɦɮ ɪʀɬɨɹ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɡɠ ɬɪɛɭɣɧɠ Ƚɬɠ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɝɥɫɣɝɛɭɣɧɠɭɷɬɺ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɣ ɧɣ ɢɛɧɠɭɛɧɣ Ȳ ɬɨɣɭɣɧɠɭɷɬɺ ʁɤ ɧɛɜɮɭɷ ɦɠɞɥɣɤ ɝɠɬɨɺɨɣɤ ɟɩɴ ɺɥɣɤ ɦɮɨɥɩ ɬɭɮɥɛɾ ɮ ʁʁ ɬɨʀɞɩɝɮ ɰɛɭɮ Ȳ ɭɛɥ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɬɨɣɭɣɧɠɭɷɬɺ ʁɤ ɭɩɤ ɟɩɴ ɛɡ ɪɩɥɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɨɠ ɫɩɢɜɮɟɣɭɷ Ȱ Ⱦɮɱɛɦɩ
ȱȱ ɉɨɦɿɪɤɭɣɬɟ ɳɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɫɧɢɬɢɫɹ ɡɟɦɥɿ ɡɚɝɨɪɧɭɬɿɣ ɭ ɛɿɥɭ ɡɢɦɨɜɭ ɤɨɜɞɪɭ ɋɜɨɸ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɜɠɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɩɨ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨ ɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
188. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ
ɒɠɥɛɭɣ ɢ ɧɩɫɺ ɪɩɞɩɟɣ ɟɛɫɠɧɨɩ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɲɮɰɛɭɣ ɪɩɭɣɦɣɱɹ ɢɛɪʀɢ ɨʀɦɩ ɡɛɦɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɨʀ ɥɮɾ ɨʀ ɧɠɦɠ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɫɩɜɣɭɷ ʀ ɥɮɫɣ ɢɛɞɫɠɜɮɭɷ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɩɪɣɨɣɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɬɥɫɮɭɨɩɧɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴʀ ɥɮɫɣ ɢɛɬɧʀɹɭɷ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɩɪɣɨɣɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɬɧʀɳɨɩɧɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴʀ ɥɮɬɛɭɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɦʀɥɭʀ ɡɛɦɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɛ ɲɣɧɩɬɷ ɦɣɭɣ ɝɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɲɣɤɬɷ ɧɦɣɨ ɟʀɺɭɣ ɥɩɧɮɬɷ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɷ ɬɪʀɝɛɭɣ ɬɭɛɫɮ ɪʀɬɨɹ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɭɣ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɝʀɟɩɧɠ
§ 22.
ɉɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɟ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɿ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ
189. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɿ ɞɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɚ ɩɪɨ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɿ ɱɢ ɦɢɧɭɥɿ ɩɨɞɿʀ ɜ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɛ ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɚɯ ɜɠɢɬɨ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɿ ɧɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɠ ɧɿɣ ɱɚɫ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɤɚɡɭɸɬɶ" Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɿ ɱɢɫɥɚ
ɑɠ ɬɭɛɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɬɩɫɩɥ ɟɫɮɞɩɧɮ ɫɩɱʀ ɂɣɧɛ Ʌɮɫɛ** Ȳɨɩɟʀ ɢ ɦɠɝɛɟ ɟɩɦɣɨɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɣɞɦɮɳɠɨʀ ɝɣɜɮɰɣ ³ ɭɩ ɭɫʀɬɥɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɦʀɟ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ ɚ ɱʀɦɣɧɣ ɟɨɺɧɣ ɨɣɥɛɹ ɭɛɧ ʀ ɢɨɛɹ ɥɩɡɨɮ ɳɪɛɫɩɲɥɮ ɺɥ ɦɛɭɥɣ ɨɛ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɥɮɫɭɱʀ ɇɠɨʀ ʁɰ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɢɨɛɭɣ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɧʀɤ ɾɟɣɨɣɤ ɭɫɮɰɦɺɝɠɨɷɥɣɤ ɮɡɠ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨɣɤ ɥɩɝɢɛɨ ɪɫɣɥɫɮ ɲɠɨɣɤ ɟɩ ɬɭɛɫɩɞɩ ɜɛɭɷɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɲɩɜɩɭɛ ɭɠɦɠɯɩɨɨɣɧ ɥɛɜɠɦɠɧ ɨɠ ɫɛɢ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɦɺɝ ɝ ɩɭʀ ɪʀɟɬɭɮɪɨʀ ɳɪɛɫɥɣ ɍɛɥ ɭɩ ɴɠ ɤ ɨɠ ɞɩɫɠ ɺɥ ɢɛɜ·ɾɳɬɺ Ȼ ɩɬɷ ɥɮɫɭɥɮ ɫɩɢʀ ɫɝɠɳ ɛɜɩ ɳɭɛɨɣ ɨɛ ɥɩɦʀɨʀ ɫɠɪɨɮɭɷ ɭɩɟʀ« ɚ ɪɫɣɰɩɟɡɮ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɛɡ ɺɥ ɬɧɠɫɥɨɠ ɇɩɡɠ ɡ ɭɛɥɣ ɟɩ ɫɛɨɥɮ ɧɛɭɣ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɪɩɧʀɭɺɭɷ ɛ ɭɛɧ ɜɮɟɠ ɺɥ ɜɮɟɠ Ⱦɫɣɞʀɫ ɍɹɭɹɨɨɣɥ
190. Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɬɟ ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ ɜɠɢɬɨ ɦɢɧɭɥɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɿ Ɇʀɬɩɝɣɥ ɮ ´Ɇʀɬɩɝʀɤ ɪʀɬɨʀµ Ɇɠɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɣ ɢɛɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɾ ɇɛɝɥɮ ɝʀɟ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɭɠɡɩɥ ´ɉɜɧɣɨɛɤ ʁɰ ɟɩɨɹ ɫɛɢ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɬɭɮɪɣɳ ³ ʀ ɪɫɩɪɛɦɛ ɝɩɦɺ µ
Ȳɨɩɟʀ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɧɣɨɮɦɩʁ ɟʀʁ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɛɜɩ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɑɠ ɪɩɡɝɛɝɦɹɾ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɛɾ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɟɩ ɲɣɭɛɲɛ ɂɫʀɟɥɛ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɧɩɡɠ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɭɣ ɝ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨʀ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩ ɞɩ ɍɩɟʀ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɜɮɝɛɾ ɜʀɦɷɳɩʁ ɥɛɭɠɞɩɫɣɲɨɩɬɭʀ
Ɋɠɫɠɨɩɬɨɠ ɝɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɲɛɬʀɝ ʀ ɲɣɬɦɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
Ɏ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɨɨʀ ɟɩ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɰ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɤ ɟɩ ɧɛɧɣ ɭɛɭɛ ɜɛɜɮɬʀ ɟʀɟɮɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɯɩɫɧɮ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ɒɛɬɩɧ ɭɛɥɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɝɡɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɤ ɮ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɪɫɩ ɨɣɰ 191. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ʀɯ ɜɠɢɬɨ ɿ ɧɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɠɧɿɣ ɱɚɫ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɤɚɡɭɸɬɶ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɜɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɢ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɥɨ ɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ əɤ ɤɪɚɳɟ ɫɩɪɢɣɦɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ"
Ɋɩ ɟɩɫɩɢʀ ɥɩɬɛɫʀ ɞɩɧɩɨʀɦɣ ɪɫɩ ɫʀɢɨɠ ɢɦɛɢɣɦɣ ɢ ɝɩɢɛ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɥɛɦɹɡɛɧɣ ɤ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɮ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɬʀɟɛɦɣ ʀ ɺ ɢɨɩɝ ɜɛɲɣɝ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɬɠɜɠ ɝɞɩɫʀ ʁɰ ɝɠɦɠɭɠɨɬɷɥʀ ɬɪɣɨɣ ɛ ɨɛɟ ɬɪɣɨɛɧɣ ʀ ɥɩɬɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɝ ɫɮɥɛɰ ɺɥ ɝɩʁɨɣ ɢɜɫɩɹ ɮ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɧɮ ɭɠɧɨɩɧɮ ɨɠɜʀ ɬɝʀɭɣɦɣ ɧɠɨʀ ɢɩɫʀ ɤ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɥ Ɋɛɰɨɠ ɩɞʀɫɥɛɧɣ ɬɭɛɫɣɧ ɨɠɫɠɭɩɧ ɝɩɦɩɥɛ ɰɦʀɜɩɧ ɜɛɭɷɥɩɧ ʀ ɥɩɬɛɫɺɧɣ ɪɛɰɨɠ ɜɩɦɩɭɩɧ ʀ ɭɫɛɝɛɧɣ ɟɠɬɷ ɞɮɥɛɹɭɷ ʀ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɲɮɹ ɟɠɫɥɛɲʀ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɪʀɦɥɣ ɒɮɧɛɱɷɥɣɤ ɝʀɢ ɭɣɰɩ ɫɣɪɣɭɷ ɪʀɟʀ ɧɨɩɹ ɛ ɝ ɬɣɨʀɧ ɨɠɜʀ ɒɮɧɛɱɷɥɣɤ ɓɦɺɰ ɪɩ ɥɛɢɮɾ ɟɩɫɩɞɮ ȿɣɝɦɹɬɷ ɺ ɨɛ ɧɩɾ ɨɠɜɩ ʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɹ ɢ ɝɩɢɩɧ ʀ ɥɩɬɛɫɺɧɣ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɫɮɲ ʀ ɦʀɝɩɫɮɲ ʀ ɢɩɫɺɨɣɤ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɾ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢ ɨɛɧɣ ʀ ɺ ɨɠɪɩɧʀɭɨɩ ɦɣɨɮ ɝ ɬɩɨ ɴɛɬɦɣɝɣɤ Ɋɫɩɥɣɟɛɹɬɷ ɺ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ȿɠɬɨɣ ɪʀɟ ɟɮɜɩɧ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɝɣɬɩɥɩ ɥɩɬɛɫʀ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɥɩɬɣ ɟɢɝɠɨɺɭɷ ɥɩɨʀ ɪɛɬɮɭɷɬɺ Ɋɛɰɨɠ ɝ·ɺɦɩɹ ɭɫɛɝɩɹ ɥɝʀɭɛɧɣ Ȼ ɨɛ ȿɠɬɨʀ ɥɫɛɬɛ ɉ ȿɩɝɡɠɨɥɩ
192. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɿɡ ɤɚɡɤɢ ´Ʌɣɫɣɦɩ Ʌɩɡɮɧ·ɺɥɛµ ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɱɚɫɢ ɬɭɬ ɜɠɢɬɨ ɡɚɦɿɫɬɶ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɝɨ əɤ ɡɚɦɿɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɽ ɜ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɿ ɩɨɞɿɣ"
ɉɭ ʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɜɣɭɣɬɺ ³ ɛɡ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɞɮɟɠ ɔɩ ɫɩɢɜʀɡɣɭɷɬɺ ɢɧʀɤ ɭɛ ɝɰɩɪɣɭɷ ɢɮɜɛ ɧɣ Ʌɣɫɣɦɛ ɭɩ ɭɛɥ ɥɮɬɩɥ ɬɧɩɦɣ ɤ ɝɣɫɝɠ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɜʀɡɣɭɷɬɺ ɭɛ ɝɰɩɪɣɭɷ ɭɩ ɭɛɥ ɡɧɮɭɩɥ ɥɩ ɨɩɪɠɦɷ ʀ ɝɣɫɝɠ Ȼ Ʌɣɫɣɦɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɟɩɫɩɝɠɨɨɩɹ ɜɮɦɛɝɩɹ ɺɥ ɮɟɛɫɣɭɷ ɭɩ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɝɡɠɨɠ ɝ ɢɠɧ ɦɹ Ȼ ɢɧʀɤ ɺɥ ɝɩɞɩɨɷ ɞɩɫɣɭɷ ³ ɭɛɥ ɤɩɧɮ ɡɛɫɥɩ ʀ ɪɩɥɣ ɢɜʀɞɛɾ ɟɩ ȿɨʀɪɫɛ ɨɛɪɣɭɣɬɺ ɭɛ ɝɬɥɩɲɣɭɷ ɮ ɝɩɟɮ ɴɩɜ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɣɭɣɬɺ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɭɩ Ʌɩɡɮɧ·ɺɥɛ ɝɡɠ ɤ ɩɜɧɩɭɛɝɬɷ ɥɩɨɩɪ ɦɺɧɣ ɤ ɬɧɩɦɩɹ ɩɜɬɧɩɦɣɝɬɷ ɉɭɩ ɝɣɬɥɛɥɮɾ ɢ ɝɩɟɣ ɢɧʀɹɥɛ ³ ʀ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɡɠɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ʌɩɡɮ ɧ·ɺɥɣ ɭɩ ɝʀɨ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɛɝɩɹ ɦɮɪ ɛɡ ɦɮɨɛ ɤɟɠ ȼɣɦɣɬɷ ɜɣɦɣɬɷ ³ ɛɡ ɥɮɫɣɭɷ ɛɡ ʀɬɥɫɣ ɬɥɛ ɲɮɭɷ
Ɍ Ȼɫɭɹɳɠɨɥɩ Ȳɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀɺ ɟɩ ɥɛɢɥɣ ´Ʌɣɫɣɦɩ Ʌɩɡɮɧ·ɺɥɛµ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
193. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡɚɦɿɧɸɸɱɢ ɞɟ ɰɟ ɞɨɰɿɥɶɧɨ ɦɢɧɭɥɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɧɚ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɿɣ ɚɛɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɿɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ Ɋɫɩɜɮɟɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɺ ɭɣɰɩ ɪʀɟɝɩɟɡɮɬɺ« Ⱦɿɽ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɦɿɧɟɧɨ ɱɚɫ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɭɝɨ ɥɨɫ əɤɢɣ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ ɫɩɪɢɣɦɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɪɚɳɟ"
Ɋɫɩɜɮɟɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɺ ɭɣɰɩ ɪʀɟɝʀɝɬɺ ɤ ɬʀɝ ɨɛ ɦʀɡɥɮ ɺɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɬɪɛɝ Ɉɛɟɝɩɫʀ ɜɮɦɛ ɩɬʀɨɨɺ ɨʀɲ ³ ɝʀɭɫɺɨɛ ɤ ɝɣɟɨɛ Ɉɣɢɷɥɩ ɮ ɨɠɜɩ ɬɭɫɣɧʀɝ ɺɥ ɢɩ ɦɩɭɣɤ ɬɠɫɪ ɪʀɢɨʀɤ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ³ ɜɦɣɬɥɮɲɣɤ ɜɦɣɬɥɮɲɣɤ ɧɩɝ ɨɠɟɛɝɨɩ ɝɣɥɮɝɛɨɣɤ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɪɩɭɣɥɛɦɣɬɺ ɰɧɛɫɣɨɥɣ ɪɫɮɟɥʀ ɤ ɝɩɫɮɰɦɣɝʀ ɺɥ ɫɣɜɥɣ ȼʀɞɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɥɮɟɣɬɷ ɩɭɛɫɛɧɣ ɤ ɭɛɜɮɨɛɧɣ ɫɩɢɞɩɤɟɮɹɲɣ ɪɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɰɝɩɬɭɛɭɣɧɣ ɭʀɨɺɧɣ Ȼ ɝɨɣɢɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɟɨɩ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ³ ɲɮɭɥɠ ɢɛɪɦɛɥɛɨɠ ɳɮɧɥɠ ɢɛɞɮɝ ɟɠɬɷ ɝʀɭɠɫ ³ ɝɩɨɩ ɭɫɠɧɭʀɦɩ ɝɡɠ ɤ ɪɦɛɥɛɦɩ ɺɥ ɡɣɝɠ Ɏɴɮɰ ɝʀɭɠɫ ³ ʀ ɝɩɨɩ ɪɫɣɧɩɝɥɦɩ ɟɫʀ ɧɛɦɩ ɛ ɪɩɧʀɡ ɨɣɧ ɰɩɟɣɦɩ ɭɩɟʀ ɴɩɬɷ ɨɠɝɣɟɣɧɥɩɹ ʀ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɫɮɥɛɧɣ ɩɜɫɣɝɛɦɩ ɬɮɰɣɤ ɦɣɬɭ ɂɛ Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɲɠɨɥɩɧ
194. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɤɢ Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɬɟ ɭ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɨ ɡɜɟɪ ɬɚɸɱɢɫɶ ɞɨ ɛɚɬɶɤɚ ɬɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɿ əɤ ɜɢ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɽɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɯ"
³ Ȼ ɰʀɜɛ ɝɣ ɭɛɭɮ ɜɛɲɣɦɣ ɫɛɥɠɭɮ" ³ ɬɧʀɳɦɣɝɩ ɪɩɟɛɾ ɞɩɦɩɬɩɥ ɍɩɨɺ ɒɛɜɛɨ ɞɦɺɨɮɝ ɨɛ ɟɩɲɥɮ ɬɮɝɩɫɩ ɝɣɡɟɛɝ ɭɣɳɮ ³ ȼɛɲɣɝ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ Ȼɡ ɩɬɷ ʀ ɧɛɭɣ ɤɟɮɭɷ Ɋʀɟɡɛɲɩɥ ɬʀɫɠɨɷɥɣɤ ɮ ɬɧɮɡɥɮ ɰɮɬɭɥɛ ɲɩɜɩɭɣ ɬɪʀɟɨɣɱɺ ³ ɝɬɠ ɬɭɛɫɠ ɛ ɥɩɳɣɥ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɡɩɝɭɣɤ ɢ ɫɩɞɩɢɮ ³ ɇɛɧɩ ɧɛɧɩ ³ ɥɦɣɲɮ ɪʀɟɪɦɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɟɩ ɧɩɬɭɮ ³ ɒɩɞɩ ɝɣ ɭɛɧ ɨɛɥɮɪɣɦɣ" Ȼ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɥɩɳɣɥ ɟɩ ɨʀɞ ɪɫɣɭɮɦɣɦɣ ɪɩɬɧʀɰɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɠɝɠɬɠɦɩ Ⱦɫɣɞʀɫ ɍɹɭɹɨɨɣɥ
195. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɤɪɢɥɚɬɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɿɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɿɜ Ɋɫɣɤɳɩɝ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɞ ɱʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɠɱɷ əɦʀɤ ɑɠɢɛɫ ɮ ɫ ɟɩ ɨ ɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɲɠɫɞɩɝɩʁ ɜɦɣɬɥɛɝɣɲɨɩʁ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ Ɇɹɟɣɨɛ ɺ ʀ ɨʀɴɩ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɠ ɧɠɨʀ ɨɠ ɲɮɡɠ ɝɣɬɦʀɝ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣɥɛ ,, ɬɭ ɟɩ ɨ ɠ ɍɠɫɠɨɱʀɺ Ɋɩɥɣ ɟɣɰɛɹ ³ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɹɬɷ ɝɣɬɦʀɝ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɠɭɛ Ȳ ɬɭ ɟɩ ɨ ɠ Ɋɮɜɦʀɺ ɉɝʀɟʀɺ Ɉɛɢɩɨɛ ȼɠɢ ɨɛɟʀʁ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɹɬɷ ɥɫɠɟɩ** Ɇɠɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɣ
Ɏɧɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ
§ 23.
ɍɦɨɜɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ
196. ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶ ɳɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɽ ɭɦɨɜɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɹɤ ɬɜɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɭɦɨɜɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɿ ɹɤɿ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɧ ɦɚɽ Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɒɣɬɦɩ
ɋʀɟ
ɇɣɨɮɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ
Ɏɧɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ
ɩɟɨɣɨɛ
ɲɩɦɩɝʀɲɣɤ ɡʀɨɩɲɣɤ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ
ɮɧʀɝ ɧʀɞ ɮɧʀɦɛ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɮɧʀɦɩ ɧɩɞɦɩ
ɮɧʀɝ ɜɣ ɧʀɞ ɜɣ ɮɧʀɦɛ ɜ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɜ ɮɧʀɦɩ ɜ ɧɩɞɦɩ ɜ
ɧɨɩɡɣɨɛ
ɮɬʀ
ɮɧʀɦɣ ɧɩɞɦɣ
ɮɧʀɦɣ ɜ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɜ
197. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɿɬɶ ɞɟ ɜ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɿ ɦɨɠɟ ɫɬɨɹɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɜ ɜɣ ɿ ɜɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɢɛɿɪ ʀʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɜ ɱɢ ɜɣ . ɚɥɜɣ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥ ɪɫɣ ɥɩɡɨʀɤ ɨɠɝɟɛɲʀ ɫɩɢɲɛɫɩɝɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɭɩ ɝʀɨ ɮɡɠ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɫɩɜɣɝ ɜɣ ɭɩ ɜ ɝʀɨ ɮɡɠ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɫɩɜɣɝ ɭɩ ɝʀɨ ɜɣ ɝɡɠ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɫɩɜɣɝ ɭɩ ɝʀɨ ɮɡɠ ɜ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɫɩɜɣɝ ɭɩ ɝʀɨ ɮɡɠ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɜ ɨɠ ɫɩɜɣɝ
Ɏɧɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝɣɫɛɡɛɾ ɜɛɡɛɨɮ ɛɜɩ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɮ ɢɛ ɪɠɝɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɟʀɹ Ɏɧɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɭɝɩɫɣɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɟɛɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɟɩ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɲɛɬɭɥɣ ɜ ɜɣ ɒɛɬɭɥɛ ɜ ɜɣ ɝ ɫɠɲɠɨɨʀ ɧɩɡɠ ɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɝ ɨɩɢɨɛɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɞɩɦɩɬɨɩɞɩ ɝɡɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɜ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɩɞɩ ³ ɜɣ 198. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɽ ɬɜɨ ɪɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɪɿɞ ɿ ɱɢɫɥɨ
Ɋʀɳɩɝ ɜɣ ɺ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɪʀɳɩɝ ɜɣ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɭɛɧ ɜɣ ɧɠɨɠ ɪɫɣɝʀɭɛɦɣ ɢɫɛɟʀ ɦɣ ɜ ɬɭɛɫɩɧɮ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ ɐɩɭʀɝ ɜɣ ɺ ɢɨɛɭɣ ɪɫɩ ɴɩ ɭɩɤ ɬɭɫɮɧɩɥ ɮ ɧɫʀɺɰ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɞɩɧɩɨɣɭɷ ɧʀɡ ɭɫɛɝɩɹ" Ɋ ɍɣɲɣɨɛ ȼɠɢ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɝɬɺ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɝʀɟ ɥɫɛɹ ɟɩ ɥɫɛɹ ɢɛɫɩɬɦɛ ɜ ɜɮɫ·ɺɨɛɧɣ ɉ ȿɩɨɲɠɨɥɩ Ʌɩɦɣ ɜ ɤɩɞɩ >ɟɺɟɷ ɥɛ Ɍɛɧʀɤɦɛ@ ɪɮɬɭɣɭɣ ɢ ɥɩɬɩɹ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɝʀɨ ɩɜɥɩɬɣɝ ɜɣ ɝɬɹ ɢɠɧɨɮ ɥɮɦɹ ɛɜɣ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɜɮɦɛ ɟɩɜɫɛ ɭɫɛɝɛ ɭɛ ɰɦʀɜ ʀ ɥɛɳɛ ɉ ȿɩɝɡɠɨɥɩ ɂɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɞɩɫɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɠɫɭɛɝ ɜɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɲɮɝ ɜɣ ɝɭɩɧɣ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
199. ɉɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɱɨɥɨɜɿɱɨɦɭ ɪɨɞɿ ɭɦɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɋɮɳɛɭɣ ɫɮɳɣɭɣ ɫɮɰɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɭɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɭɣ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɭɣ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɭɣ ɪɩɜʀɦʀɭɣ ɪɩɜʀɦɣɭɣ ɭɫʀɪɛɭɣ ɭɫʀɪɨɮɭɣ ɭɫʀɪɩɭʀɭɣ
200. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɞɨɛɢɪɚɸɱɢ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɭ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɱɚɫɬɤɢ ² ɜ ɚɛɨ ɜɣ ɉɿɞɤɪɟɫ ɥɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ
Ⱦɫʀɦɩ ɜ ɜɣ ɺɬɨɠ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɛ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ɺɥ ɰɩɲɠ ɚɥɜɣ ɢɨɛɝ ɟɠ ɢɨɛɤɟɮ ɭɩ ɜ ɜɣ ɭɮɟɣ ɪʀɳɩɝ ɛ ɺɥɜɣ ɢɨɛɝ ɟɠ ɢɛɞɮɜɦɹ ɭɩ ɜ ɜɣ ɭɮɟɣ ɨɠ ɪʀɳɩɝ ɐɩɭʀɝ ɜ ɜɣ ɫɣɜɥɮ ʁɬɭɣ ʀ ɝ ɝɩɟɮ ɨɠ ɦʀɢɭɣ Ʌɩɬɣɭɣ ɜ ɜɣ ɥɩɬɣɝ ɭɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɜ ɜɣ ɰɭɩ ɥɩɬɮ ɨɩɬɣɝ Ƚʀɨ ɜ ɜɣ ɤ ɫɩɜɣɝ ɭɛ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɫɮɥɛɝɣ ɜɩɦɺɭɷ Ʌɩɦɣ ɜ ɜɣ ɥʀɢɥɛ ɨɠ ɬɥɛɥɛɦɛ ɭɩ ɜ ɜɣ ʀ ɨʀɡɥɣ ɨɠ ɢɦɛɧɛɦɛ ɚɥɜɣ ɝ ɧɠɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɳɩɨɩ ɭɛ ɬʀɦɷ ɭɩ ɺ ɜ ɜɣ ɢɝɛɫɣɝ ɥɛɳɮ ɭɛ ɡɛɦɷ ɴɩ ɬɛɦɛ ɨɠɧɛ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚ ɱɟɧɧɹ
³ ɉɱɠ ɟɣɝɦɹɬɷ ɺ ɢɛ ɝɛɧɣ ³ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾ ɬɮɬʀɟɛ ³ ɛ ɝɣ ɝɬɠ ɨɣɥɛɾɭɠ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɪɩ ɟɝɩɫɮ ɝɬɠ ɨɣɥɛɾɭɠ Ɍʀɦɣ ɜ ɮ ɰɩɦɩɟɥɮ ɪɩɬɣɟʀɦɣ ɜ ɛ ɭɩ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɬɩɜʀ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɤ ɟɠɭɠ ³ ɇɠɨʀ ɬɥɫʀɢɷ ɰɩɦɩɟɩɥ ³ ɮɬɧʀɰɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɜɠɢɢɮɜɣɧ ɫɩɭɩɧ ɟʀɟ ³ Ɍɺɟɮ ɝ ɨɛɤ ɡɛɫɥʀɳɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɱʀ ³ ɤ ɨɛɲɠ ɧɩɫɩɢɠɱɷ ɟɠɫɠ ɪɩ ɳɥʀɫʀ ³ ɉɭɛɥɩʁ ³ ɚɥɜɣ ɝ ɪɠɲʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɛɪɛɦɠɨɩ ɭɩ ɤ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɪɩɦʀɢ ɜɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɲ ʀ ɬɣɟʀɝ ɜɣ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɟɠɨɷ Ɍɮɬʀɟɛ ɟɣɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɢɟɣɝɩɝɛɨɩ Ɏ ɟʀ ɟɩɝɣɰ ɩɲɛɰ ɲɣ ɭɩ ɬɦɷɩɢɣ ɜɦɣɴɛɭɷ ɲɣ ɪɫɩ ɧɠɨʀ ³ ɉɭ ɬɥɛɡɣ ³ ɢɛɪɣɭɮɾ ɝ ɬɮɬʀɟɛ ³ ɴɩ ɭɣ ɟɮɧɛɾɳ Ƚɛɬɣɦɹ" ³ ɍɛ ɩɬɷ ɺɜɦɮɨʀ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɪɩɦɣɭɣ ³ Ɋɫɩ ɺɜɦɮɨʀ Ɉɮ ɛ ʀɨɳɠ Ɍɮɬʀɟɛ ɢɨɣɢɮɾ ɪɦɠɲɣɧɛ ³ ɟʀɟɩɝʀ ɥɩɫ ɭɣɭɷ ɺɥ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɩɜɛɦɛɥɛɭɣ ɛ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɫɩ ɜɩɭɛ ³ Ɉɛ ɡʀɨɥɮ ɬɠɫɟɣɭɣɤ ³ ɥɛɡɠ ³ Ɉɠɟʀɦɺ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɺ ɪɫɩɥɣɨɮɝɬɺ ɛ ʁʁ ɨɠɧɛɾ Ɇɣɜɩɨɷ ɮɡɠ ɨɛ ɜɛɢɛɫ ɞɛɤɨɮɦɛ ³ ɂɛɟɮɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɣɦɥɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɣɞɛ ɟɛɭɣ ɴɩ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɟɛɾ ɤɩɧɮ ɬɪɩɥɩɹ ³ Ɉɮ ɥɫɣɨɣɱɹ ɞɩɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɜ ɪɩɞɦɣɜɣɭɣ ɜɩ ɟɠɬɺɭɩɥ ɝʀɟɠɫ ɝɣɭɺɞɨɮɝ ɛ ɝɩɨɩ ɝɡɠ ɤ ɞɦɣɨɛ ɭɛɧ Ȱ Ⱦɮɱɛɦɩ
ȱȱ Ɂɚ ɰɢɦ ɡɪɚɡɤɨɦ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɚɛɨ ɭɫɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɣɬɟ ɛɭɞɶ ɹɤɭ ɪɨɡɦɨɜɭ ɞɜɨɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɇɚɦɚɝɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɪɟɩɥɿɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢ ɬɚɤ ɳɨɛ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɛɭɥɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ
Ɉɛɥɛɢɩɝɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ
202. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɨ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ ³ ɚɥɜɣ ɨɠ ɟɝʀ ɫɠɲʀ ɭɣ ɭɛɨɱɹɝɛɝ ɜɣ ɲɮɟɩɝɩ ³ ɚɥʀ ɬɛɧɠ" ³ ɍɝɩʁ ɨɩɞɣ
203. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɠɚɪɬɿɜɥɢɜɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɳɨ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɺɥɜɣ. ɚɥɜɣ ɰɦʀɜ ɭɛ ɩɟɠɡɛ ɭɩ ʁɝ ɜɣ ɦɠɡɛ ɚɥɜɣ ɡ ɢɨɛɭɭɺ ɴɩ ɝ ɥɮɧɛ ɪɣɭɭɺ ɭɩ ɬɛɧ ɪʀɳɩɝ ɜɣ ʀ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɢɛɜɫɛɝ ɚɥɜɣ ɬɝɣɨʀ ɥɫɣɦɛ ɭɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɜ ʀ ɨɠɜɩ ɢɫɣɦɛ ɚɥɜɣ ɢɨɛɝ ɟɠ ɝɪɛɝ ɭɩ ɤ ɬɩɦɩɧɥɣ ɜ ɪʀɟɩɬɦɛɝ ɚɥɜɣ ɭɛ ɺɥɜɣ ³ ɭɩ ɝɣɫɩɬɦɣ ɜ ɮ ɫɩɭʀ ɞɫɣɜɣ
§ 24.
ɇɚɤɚɡɨɜɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ
Ɉɛɥɛɢɩɝɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝɣɫɛɡɛɾ ɨɛɥɛɢ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺ ɛɜɩ ɪɩ ɫɛɟɮ Ɉɛɥɛɢɩɝɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɭɝɩɫɣɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɩɬɨɩɝɣ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɉɬ ɨɩɝɮ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɝʀɟɥɣɟɛɹɲɣ ɝʀɟ ʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɩɟ ɨɣɨɣ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ɡɣɝ ɠ ɪɫɛɱɹɤ ɠ ɦɹɜ ɣɭɷ 204. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɣ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɿ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦ Ɉɛɥɛɢɩɝɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ
Ɉɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ
ɉɬɨɩɝɛ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ
ɛ ɩɬɩɜɛ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ
ɛ ɩɬɩɜɛ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ
ɛ ɩɬɩɜɛ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ
ɬɣɟʀɭɣ
ɬɣɟ ɣɭɷ
ɬɣɟ ɣ
ɬɣɟ ʀɧɩ
ɬɣɟ ʀɭɷ
ɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ
ɞɦɺɨ ɠ
ɞɦɺɨɷ
ɞɦɺɨɷ ɧɩ
ɞɦɺɨɷ ɭɠ
ɢɨɛɭɣ
ɢɨɛɤ ɠ
ɢɨɛɤ
ɢɨɛɤ ɧɩ
ɢɨɛɤ ɭɠ
205. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɧɚ ɹɤɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɭ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɚɞɚɽ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫ ɭ ɬɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɢɣ ɫɩɨ ɫɿɛ ɹɤɢɯ ɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɶ ɣ, ʀɧɩ, ʀɭɷ əɤ ɡɦɿɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫ ɤɨɥɢ ɞɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫ ɝɣ " ȼɠɫɣ ɜɠɫʀɧɩ ɜɠɫʀɭɷ ȿɩɪɩɧɩɡɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡʀɧɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡʀɭɷ Ƚɲɣ ɝɲʀɧɩ ɝɲʀɭɷ Ƚɣɝɲɣ ɝɣɝɲʀɧɩ ɝɣɝɲʀɭɷ Ɋɣɳɣ ɪɣɳʀɧɩ ɪɣɳʀɭɷ Ƚɣɪɣɳɣ ɝɣɪɣɳʀ ɧɩ ɝɣɪɣɳʀɭɷ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
206. ɉɨɦɿɪɤɭɣɬɟ ɱɨɦɭ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɨ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɶ ɣ, ʀɧɩ, ʀɭɷ ɯɨɱ ɰɿ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɧɚɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɿ Ɋʀɟɥɫpɬɦɣ ɪʀɟɥɫpɬɦʀɧɩ ɪʀɟɥɫpɬɦʀɭɷ Ɋɫɩɝtɭɫɣ ɪɫɩɝtɭɫʀɧɩ ɪɫɩɝtɭɫʀɭɷ ɂɨɣ ɥɨɣ ɢɨɣ ɥɨʀɧɩ ɢɨɣ ɥɨʀɭɷ ɍɣ ɬɨɣ ɭɣ ɬɨʀɧɩ ɭɣ ɬɨʀɭɷ
207. ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɝɨɥɨɫɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɢ ɦ¶ɹɤɢɣ ɡɧɚɤ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨ ɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ
Ɍɺɟɷ ɬɺɟɷɧɩ ɬɺɟɷɭɠ ɲɣɬɭɷ ɢɦɛɢɷ ɢɛɨɩɬɷ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɷ ɪɫɣɦɣɨɷ Ɋɩɝʀɫ ɪɩɬɭɛɝ ɨɛɬɣɪ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɮɜ ɢɛɭɺɧ ɩɜɦɣɳ ɪɩɧɨɩɡ ɪɫɩɜɛɲ
208. ɉɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟ ɱɢ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɢɯ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɶ ɭ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ
Ɉɠɬɠ Ȳ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɛ ³ ɨɠɬɣ ɨɠɬʀɧɩ ɨɠɬʀɭɷ Ɉɩɬɣɭɷ ȲȲ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɛ ³ ɨɩɬɣ ɨɩɬʀɧɩ ɨɩɬʀɭɷ Ɋɠɫɠɝʀɫɺɾ ³ ɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɺɤ ɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɺɤɧɩ ɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɺɤɭɠ Ɋɠɫɠɝʀɫɣɭɷ ³ ɪɠɫɠ ɝʀɫ ɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɧɩ ɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɭɠ
ȿʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɝɩɧɮ ɬɪɩɬɩɜʀ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɲɣɬɦɛɧɣ ɤ ɩɬɩ ɜɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɯɩɫɧɣ ʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ɭɛ ʁ ʀ ʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɧɨɩ ɡɣɨɣ Ɉɛɥɛɢɩɝɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɭɝɩɫɣɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɩɬɨɩɝɣ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɢɛ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɢɫɛɢɥɛɧɣ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɷ ɣ ʀɧɩ ʀɭɷ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɨɮɦɷɩɝɩɞɩ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɪɩɧ·ɺɥɳɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɩɞɩ ɟɠ ɱɠ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɭɛ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɷ ɧɩ ɭɠ ɔɩɟɩ ʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ɤ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ɭɩ ɨɛɥɛɢ ɪɩɜɛɡɛɨɨɺ ɲɣ ɪɩ ɫɛɟɮ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɾɧɩ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɲɛɬɭɩɥ ɰɛɤ ɨɠɰɛɤ ɺɥʀ ɟɩɟɛɾɧɩ ɟɩ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ɲɣ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ɟʀɤɬɨɩɞɩ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɮ ɰɛɤ ɨɠɰɛɤ ɨɛɪɣɳɠ ɰɛɤ ɨɠɰɛɤ ɨɛɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɂɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ɣ ʀɧɩ ʀɭɷ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɛɜɩ ɪʀɟ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɬɩɧ ɛɜɩ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢɜʀɞɮ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɰ ɚɥɴɩ ɟɩ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɟɩɟɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬ ɝɣ ɭɩ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɬ ɺɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɱɠɤ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬ Ƚɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɷ ɮ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɝɩɧɮ ɬɪɩɬɩɜʀ ɨɠ ɢɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɇ·ɺɥɣɤ ɢɨɛɥ ɮ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɧ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɧ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢɮɜɨɣɰ ´ɟɠ ɭɣ ɢ·ʁɬɣ ɱʀ ɦɣɨɣµ
94
Ɉɛɥɛɢɩɝɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ
209. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɸ ɨɫɨɛɭ ɣ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ
ɂɨɛɤ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɛ ɧɠɨɳɠ ɞɩɝɩɫɣ Ɉɠ ɬɪʀɳɣ ɺɢɣɥɩɧ ɥɝɛɪɬɺ ɟʀɦɩɧ ɂɛ ɞɫɮɜɠ ɬɦɩɝɩ ɨɠ ɬɠɫɟɷɬɺ ɛ ɨɛ ɦɛɬɥɛɝɠ ɨɠ ɢɟɛɝɛɤɬɺ ɂɟɩɫɩɝɠɨɷɥʀ ɜɮɟɷɧɩ ɬɠɜɠ ɨɠ ɰɝɛɦʀɧɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɨɠ ɞɮɟɷɧɩ ȳɡ ɰɦʀɜ ɢ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɛ ɢɛ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ɬɭʀɤ ɞɩɫɩɹ
210.* ɍ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɿ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ʀɯ ɭ ɣ ɨɫɨ ɛɿ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɬʀɟɛɭɣ — ɬʀɟɛɾ >ɬʀɟɛɤ ɠ] — ɬʀɟɛɤ ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɜɢɞ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ
Ɍʀɟɛɭɣ ɬʀɬɭɣ ɬɣɟʀɭɣ ɞɮɫɥɩɭɛɭɣ ɞɮɫɥɩɭʀɭɣ ɞɮɫɥɨɮɭɣ ɞɮɫɥɛɭɣ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɣ ɭɣ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɭɣ ɫɮɳɛɭɣ ɫɮɳɣɭɣ ɝɣɫɮɳɣɭɣ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɭɣ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɛɭɣ ɪɩɢɟɩɫɩ ɝɣɭɣ ɪɩɢɟɩɫɩɝɦɺɭɣ ɪɫɩɝɠɬɭɣ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɭɣ
211. Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɜɿɞɯɢɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɡɚɝɚɥɶ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ
Ɋɫɛɝɠɟɨɛɺ ɟɮɳɠ Ɉɠ ɥɣɨɷ ɬɣɫɩɭɩɹ ɺɥ ɥɣɨɮɝ ɟʀɜɫɩɝɣ ɪɫɣɦɣɨɣ ɟɩ ɧɠɨɠ ɰɩɲ ɨɛ ɩɟɨɠ ɬɦɩɝɩ ɭɛ ɪɫɩ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɧɠɨʀ ɢɛɬɪʀɝɛɤ Ɏɲʀɭɠɬɷ ɲɣɭɛɤɭɠ ʀ ɲɮɡɩɧɮ ɨɛɮɲɛɤɭɠɬɷ ɤ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɱɮɫɛɤɭɠɬɷ ɂ ɭɝ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɛ ɇʀɱɨɩ ɜɫɛɭɭɺ ɬɭɣɬɨʀɧ ɫɮɥɣ ɩɜʀɤɧʀɧɩɬɷ ɞɛɫɺɲɠ ɝɥɮɪʀ ɫɮɳʀɧ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɧɮɥɣ ɴɩ ɝɫɛ ɡɛɾ ɜɩɦɺɲɠ Ɋ Ⱦɫɛɜɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ
212. Ⱦɨɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɳɨ ɟɫýɡɣɭɷ, ɟɫýɡɣɧɩ; ɧɲɣɭɷ, ɧɲɣɧó — ɰɟ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɞɿɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɚ ɟɫɮɡíɭɷ, ɟɫɮɡíɧɩ; ɧɲʀɭɷ, ɧɲíɧɩ — ɰɟ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚɤɚ ɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ əɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɢɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɹɤɟ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ"
213. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɜɿɪɲ Ⱦɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɠɤɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ Ɉɛɟ ɝɬɠ ɥɩɰɛɭɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɋʀɟɨɣɤ Ʌɫɛɤ ³ Ȳ ɧɩɦɩɟɠ ɬɝɩɾ ɡɣɭɭɺ ȼɠɢ ɟɮɧ ɜɠɢ ɡɛɦɹ ɤ ɥɛɺɭɭɺ ɂɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɝ ɞɫʀɢɨɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɟɟɛɭɣ Ɉɛɟ ɝɬɠ ɭɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɦɹɜɣɭɣ
Ȳ ɬɣɦ ɹɨɛɱɷɥɣɰ ɨɠ ɡɛɦʀɭɣ ȿɦɺ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɱɹ ɫɩɢɮɧ ɬɝʀɤ Ƚʀɟɟɛɭɣ ɜɠɢ ɬɮɧɮ ɜɠɢ ɡɮɫɜɣ Ɉɛɟ ɝɬɠ ɬɝʀɤ ɪɫɛɪɩɫ ɮɳɛɨɮɝɛɭɣ ³ Ɉɛ ɨʀɧ ɬɦɩɝɛ Ɉɛɫɩɟ ʀ Ʌɫɛɤ ɂɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɧʀɦɩ ɝ ɜʀɤ ɬɭɛɝɛɭɣ Ɉɠ ɬɪɛɭɣ ɡ ɹɨɛɲɠ ʀ ɝɛɫɭɮɝɛɭɣ Ɍ ɒɠɫɥɛɬɠɨɥɩ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ ɉɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡ ɦ¶ɹɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɭ ɤɿɧɰɿ ɛɟɡ ɦ¶ɹɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɤɚ
Ɋɫɣɝɩɟɣɭɣ ɫɩɢɬɮɨɮɭɣ ɩɟɫʀɢɛɭɣ ɢɜɦɣɢɣɭɣ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɩɜɦɣɳɣɭɣ ɥɣɨɮ ɭɣ ɪɫɣɝɛɜɣɭɣ ɪɩɝʀɫɣɭɣ ɮɟɩɬɥɩɨɛɦɣɭɣ ɪɩɫɛɟɣɭɣ ɮɜɠɢɪɠɲɣɭɣ ɫɮɳɣɭɣ ɩɜ·ʁɰɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɧɮɬɣɭɣ ɝɟɛɫɣɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɣɭɣ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɣɭɣ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ 215. ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦɢ ɤɨɞɚɦɢ ɬɚɛ ɥɢɰɶ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮµ ɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛµ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɞɫɛɤ ³ . Ⱦɫɛɤ ɡɠ ɧɩɫɠ ɧɩɝɲʀɭɷ ɞɩɫɣ ɞɮɦɺɤ ɜɮɤɨɣɤ ɪɩɦɠɧ Ɋɦɛɲɭɠ ɟʀɭɣ ɥɩ ɢɛɱɷɥʀʁ ³ ɭɛɥɛ ɝɛɳɛ ɟɩɦɺ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ ɂɨɛɧɠɨɛ ɟɠɫɡʀɧɩ ɪɫɛɝɟɣ ɬɝɺ ɭɩʁ ɨɛ ɢɫɛɟɮ ɧɣ ɨɠ ɪʀɟɟɛɧɩɬɺ ɇɫʀɾ ɨɠ ɢɫɛɟɷ ȼɠɫʀɧɩɬɷ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɟɩ ɫɩɜɩ ɭɣ ɢɧɛɞɛɤɧɩɬɷ ɢɛ ɨɩɝɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɚɥɜɣ ɩɭʀ ɪɫɩɧʀɨɨɺ ɢɩɦɩɭʀ ɮ ɬɭɫɮɨɣ ɲɛɫɛɧɣ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɩɜɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɺ ɜ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɛ ɢɩɦɩɭɮɹ ɛɫɯɮ ɂ ɭɝ Ɇɠɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɣ
216. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ ɿ ɩɨɹɫ ɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɨ ɰɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ
ȼɛɭɷɥɩ ɤ ɬɣɨ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɦɠɟɛɲʀ ɉɟɨɩɞɩ ɫɛɢɮ ɬɣɟɺɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɪʀɟ ɝɣɳɨɠɹ ʀ ɟɣɝɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ɧɛɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɦɛɨɭɮɰɣ ɨɩɬɣɭɷ ȼɛɭɷɥɩ ɤ ɥɛɡɠ ³ Ɉɠ ɜɠɫɣ ɉɟɛɫɥɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɜɩ ɨɠ ɢɛɥɣɨɠɳ ɬɩɜʀ ɨɛ ɪɦɠɲʀ Ȼ ɬɣɨ ɨɛ ɭɠ ³ Ɉʀɲɩɞɩ ɧɛɧɩ ɜɠɫʀɭɷ ɺ ɪʀɟɟɛɧ
217. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɥ ɬɭʀɤ ɭɛ ɜɛɲ ɜɠɢɪɫɣɲɣɨɨɩ ɢɨɠɨɛɱɷɥɛ ɰɩɲ ɬɺɟɷ ʀ ɪɦɛɲ ɰɩɲ ɝɩɝɥɩɧ ɝɣɤ ɰɩɲ ɥɫɣɥɩɧ ɥɫɣɲɣ ɰɩɲ ɞɩɪɥɣ ɬɥɛɲɣ ɰɩɲ ɦɩɜɩɧ ɮ ɬɭʀɨɮ ɜɣɤɬɺ ɜɠɢɝɣ ɰʀɟɷ ɰɩɲ ɪɦɛɲ ɰɩɲ ɬɥɛɲ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɝɟʀɾɳ ɥɮɟɣ ɨɠ ɥɣɨɷ ɬɥɫʀɢɷ ɰɩɲ ɥʀɦ ɨɛ ɞɩɦɩɝʀ ɭɠɳɣ ɪɫɩ ɝɪɠɫɭɮ ɨɠɭɺɧɮɴɮ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɟɠɫɡɣ ɝ ɩɜɣɟɝʀ ɡɧɠɨʀ ɨɠ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɤɬɺ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ
Ɋɠɫɠɨɩɬɨɠ ɝɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɪɩɬɩɜʀɝ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
§ 25.
ɉɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɟ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ
218. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɭ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ ɜɠɢɬɨ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɿ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɬɿɧɤɭ ɜɿɧ ɧɚɞɚɽ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɦ
ɐɭɩ ɪ·ɾ ɞɮɦɺɾ ɛ ɬɭɩɫɩɡɛ ɬɭʀɤ ʀ ɬɭɠɫɠɡɣ ɰɭɩ ɢɨɛ ɲɩɞɩ ɤ ɝʀɟ ɥɩɞɩ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥ ɫɛʁɨɥɛ Ȼ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɮ ɨɛɳɩɧɮ ɢɛɞɩɨʀ ɝʀɢɷɧɣ ɭɛ ɤ ɪɮɬɭɣ ɲɮɭɥɮ ɴɩ ɺ ɢɝʀɟɥɣɬɷ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɛɝ ɭɩɤ ɝʀɫɳ ɇ Ɍɭɠɦɷɧɛɰ ɒɛɬɩɧ ʀ ɟɩɬʀ ɢɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɧɠɨʀ ɴɩ ɤ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɪɩɥɦɠɪɛɤ ɥɩɬɮ ɰɭɩ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɪʀɟ ɧɩʁɧ ɝʀɥɨɩɧ ɺ ɢɫɛɢɮ ɪɩɧɩɦɩɟɳɛɝ ɜɣ ɉ ȿɩɝɡɠɨɥɩ Ɋɩɝɛɡɨɩʁ ɰɩɟɣ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɾ ɪɩɥɦɣɲ ɤɩɞɩ ³ ɝʀɨ ɪʀɟɜʀ ɡɣɭɷ ɢ ɪʀɟɬɥɩɥɩɧ ɪɩɳɦɣ ɥɮɟɣ ³ ɪɩɟɛɬɭɷɬɺ ɭɛɥ ɴɩ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪʀɬɩɥ ɢɛɥɮɫɣɭɷ Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɲɠɨɥɩ
219. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɭ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ ɜɠɢɬɨ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɿ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɬɿɧɤɭ ɜɿɧ ɧɚɞɚɽ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɥɸɜɚɧɧɹɦ
ɍɛ ɨɮ ɝɡɠ ɟʀɟɮ ɰɩɲ ɜɣ ɧɩɝɲɛɦɣ Ɍɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɝɣ ɧɩɝ ɪɮɞɛɲ ɝʀɴɮɾɭɠ ɦɣɰɠ Ȼ ɭɣ ɜɫɛɭɮɨɹ ɝɡɠ ɜ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɢɣɝɛɝɬɺ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɢɛɲʀɪɛɹɭɷ ɂ ɭɝ Ɇɠɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛ ʁɨɥɣ ³ ɍɣ ɜ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɮ ɝɢɺɝ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɜɮɥɝɛɫɺ ɭɛ ɛɢɜɮɥɣ ɝɲɣɝɬɺ ³ ɥɛɡɠ ɤɩɧɮ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɫɛɢɮ ɧɛɭɣ ³ Ƚɣ ɜ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɢɛɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ ɨɛɬ ɝɣ ɡ ɨɠɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɭɮɭ ɡɣɝɠɭɠ" ³ ɦɮɥɛɝɩ ɢɛɥɣɟɛɾ Ⱦɛɦɺ ɂ ɭɝ Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɲɠɨɥɛ
220. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɤɚɡɤɢ ´Ɇɣɬɣɱɺ ɭɛ ɫɛɥµ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɡɧɚ ɱɟɧɧɿ ɜɠɢɬɨ ɞɿɣɫɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɭ ɦɨɜɿ ɪɚɤɚ
Ȼ ɦɣɬɣɲɥɛ ɭɩɟʀ ɤɩɧɮ ³ ɍɠɪɠɫ ɺ ɜɛɲɮ ɲɩɞɩ ɢ ɭɠɜɠ ɦɹɟɣ ɬɧʀɹɭɷɬɺ ɫɩɢɥɛɢɮɹɲɣ ɺɥ ɭɣ ɬʀɧ ɦʀɭ ɪɩ ɝɩɟɮ ɰɩɟɣɝ ɭɛ ɤ ɭɮ ɨɛ ɪɩɫɩɢʀ ɫɩɢɦɣɝ Ɋɫɣɢɨɛɤɬɺ ɴɩ ɭɛɥɣ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ɦɹɟɣ ɞɩɝɩɫɺɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɭɠɜɠ ³ ɇɩɡɠ ɥɩɦɣɬɷ ɭɠɾ ɤ ɪɫɛɝɟɩɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɭɛ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɜɫɠɰɨɠɹ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɉɬɷ ɥɩɦɣ ɰɩɲɠɳ ɭɩ ɪɩɜʀɡɣɧɩ ɨɛɝɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɥɣ ɚ ɭɩɜʀ ɴɠ ɨɛ ɩɟɣɨ ɬɥɩɥ ɮɪɠɫɠɟ ɰɩɟɮ ɟɛɧ ȼʀɡɣɧɩ ɟɩ ɭʀɾʁ ɩɬɣɲɥɣ ɴɩ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɩɨɟɠ ɨɛ ɮɢɦʀɬɬʀ
Ɉɛɥɛɢɩɝɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɮ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨʀ ɟʀɤɬɨɩɞɩ ɝɥɛɢɮɾ ɨɛ ɝɣɧɮɳɠɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɠɧɣɨɮɲʀɬɭɷ ɟʀʁ ɛɜɩ ɨɛ ʁʁ ɮɧɩɝɨɣɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ Ɏɧɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɮ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨʀ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɧ·ɺɥɳɮɾ ɨɛɥɛɢ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺ ȿʀɤɬɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɮ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨʀ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɬɥɩɫʀɳɠ ɺɥ ɪɦɛɨ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɰ ɟʀɤ ɨʀɡ ɺɥ ɨɛɥɛɢ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɢɪɚɡɧɨ ɜɝɨɥɨɫ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɤɚɡɤɢ ´Ʌɫɣɝɠɨɷɥɛ ɥɛɲɠɲɥɛµ Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɭ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɭɪɢɜɤɭ
ȼɮɦɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɟʀɟ ɭɛ ɜɛɜɛ ɭɛ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɮ ɨɣɰ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɉɭ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɬɮɧɮɹɭɷ ɛ ɟɛɦʀ ɟʀɟ ʀ ɥɛɡɠ ɜɛɜʀ ³ ɐɩɟʀɧɩ ɜɛɜɩ ɝ ɦʀɬ ɪɩ ɞɫɣɜɣ Ɋʀɳɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɝ ɦʀɬ ɜɠɫɠ ɜɛɜɛ ɞɫɣɜɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɞɦɺɨɷ ³ ɮ ɥɮɴɣɥɮ ɞɨʀɢɟɠɲɥɩ ɛ ɝ ɞɨʀɢɟɠɲɥɮ ɥɛɲɠɲɥɛ ɬɣɟɣɭɷ ɉɭ ɝɩɨɛ ɟʀɟɩɝʀ ³ ȿɣɝɣɬɷ ɟʀɟɮ ɺɥɛ ɞɛɫɨɛ ɥɛɲɠɲɥɛ Ƚʀɢɷɧɠɧɩ ʁʁ Ɍɭɛɦɣ ʁʁ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɟɣɝɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɛɡ ɮ ɨɠʁ ɨʀɡɥɛ ɪɠɫɠɦɩɧɦɠɨɛ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɢɺɦɣ ʁʁ ɭɣɰɠɨɷɥɩ ɪɫɣɨɠɬɦɣ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɣ ʁɤ ɞɨʀɢɟɠɲɥɩ ɝɣɧɩɬɭɣɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɪʀɫ·ɺɲɥɩɧ ʀ ɪɩ ɬɛɟɣɦɣ ɭɮɟɣ ɥɛɲɠɲɥɮ ɛ ɬɛɧʀ ɢɨɩɝ ɪʀɳɦɣ ɪɩ ɞɫɣɜɣ Ƚɠɫɭɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɛɡ ɮ ɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɜɫɛɨɩ ɰɦʀɜɛ ɨɛɪɠɲɠɨɩ ɜɩɫɴɣɥ ɢɝɛɫɠɨɣɤ ɉɭ ɝɩɨɣ ɟɩ ɬɮɬʀɟʀɝ ³ ɐɭɩ ɱɠ" ɐɭɩ ɱɠ" Ɉʀɰɭɩ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɾ ȿɫɮɞɩɞɩ ɟɨɺ ɢɨɩɝ ɪʀɳɦɣ ɟʀɟ ʀ ɜɛɜɛ ɪɩ ɞɫɣɜɣ Ɋɫɣɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɛɡ ɮ ɨɣɰ ʀ ɝɛ ɫɠɨɣɲɥɣ ɢɝɛɫɠɨʀ ʀ ɪɩɲɣɨɩɥ** ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɨɛ ɝʀ ɥɩɨɱʀ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɨɩɝ ɟɩ ɬɮɬʀɟʀɝ ³ ɒɣ ɨɠ ɜɛɲɣɦɣ ɥɩɞɩ" ³ ȼɛɲɣɦɣ ɺɥɮɬɷ ɟʀɝɲɣɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɥɫɣɨɣɱʀ ɝɩɟɣɱɹ ɨɠɬɦɛ ȼɛɜɛ ɟʀɟɩɝʀ ɤ ɥɛɡɠ ³ ɂɫɩɜʀɧɩ ɭɛɥ ɬɥɛɡɠɧɩ ɴɩ ɤɟɠɧɩ ɪɩ ɞɫɣɜɣ ɛ ɬɛɧʀ ɢɛɰɩɝɛɾɧɩɬɷ ɭɛ ɤ ɜɮɟɠɧɩ ɝɣɞɦɺɟɛɭɣ ɰɭɩ ɟɩ ɨɛɬ ɪɩɨɠɬɠ ɝɩɟɮ ɍɛɥ ʀ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɣ Ɍɭɩɺɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛ ɥɩɧɩɫɩɹ ɥɩɦɣ ɟɣɝɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɛɡ ʀɢ ɰɛɭɣ ɝɣɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɟʀɝɲɣɨɛ ɢ ɥɩɫɩɧɣɬɦɩɧ ɭɛɥɛ ɞɛɫɨɛ ɭɛɥɛ ɞɛɫɨɛ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɴɩ ɥɫɣɝɠɨɷɥɛ ɭɫɩɳɥɣ Ɋʀɳɦɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɟɩ ɥɫɣɨɣɱʀ ɛ ɟʀɟ ʀ ɜɛɜɛ ɭɩɟʀ ɝ ɰɛɭɮ ɞɦɺɨɷ ³ ɛɡ ɮ ɞɨʀɢɟɠɲɥɮ ɨɠɧɛ ɥɛ ɲɠɲɥɣ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɩɝɨɩ ɪʀɫ·ɺɲɥɛ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝʀɢɷɧɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɤ ɮɥɣɨɷ ɮ ɪʀɲ ɝɩɨɩ ɭɛɧ ʀ ɢɞɩɫʀɦɩ
II. ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɭ ɭɪɢɜɤɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɫɬɢɫɥɢɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɡɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣ ɬɟ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɓɨɛ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɛɭɥɚ ɠɜɚɜɿɲɨɸ ɜɠɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɱɚɫɢ ɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɢ ɨɞɧɿ ɡɚɦɿɫɬɶ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɹɤ ɭ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ
Ɋɠɫɠɨɩɬɨɠ ɝɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɪɩɬɩɜʀɝ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɿ ɱɚɫ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɓɨ ɞɚɽ ɡɚɦɿɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɱɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɿɧɲɢɦ"
ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝʀ ɝɡɠ ɧɣɨɮɦɩ ɬʀɧ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɰɩɲ ʀ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɤ ɝʀɨ ɨɛ ɢɫʀɬɭ Ɋɩɝɛɡɨɩʁ ɰɩɟɣ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɾ ɪɩɥɦɣɲ ɤɩɞɩ ³ ɝʀɨ ɪʀɟɜʀɡɣɭɷ ɢ ɪʀɟɬɥɩɥɩɧ ɪɩɳɦɣ ɥɮɟɣ ³ ɪɩɟɛɬɭɷɬɺ ɭɛɥ ɴɩ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪʀɬɩɥ ɢɛɥɮɫɣɭɷ Ʌɩɦɣ ɬʀɟɛɾ ɝʀɟɪɩ ɲɣɝɛɭɣ ɭɩ ɝɡɠ ɪɠɝɨɠ ɺɥ ɨɠ ɨɛ ɪɛɫɥɛɨʀ ɭɩ ɨɛ ɞʀɦɦɺɱʀ ɨɛ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɧɩɡɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɟɩɞɩɫɣ ɨɩɞɛɧɣ« ȿʀɡɟɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɩɬɠɨʀ ɝʀɨ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ ɜɛɭɷɥɩɝʀ ɴɩ ɪʀɟɠ ɟɩ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɝɲɣɭɣɬɷ ɬɛɧ ɪʀɳɩɝ ɟɩ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɷɥɣ ɤ ɢɛɪɣɬɛɝɬɺ ɝ ɳɥɩɦɺɫʀ ɉɬɷ ɝʀɨ ɪɣɳɠ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɪɛɦɣɲɥɣ ɭɛ ɥɫɮɡɠɲɥɣ ɬɣɟʀɭɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɨɛ ɩɬɦɩɨʀ ɨɠɢɫɮɲ ɨɩ ʀ ɝʀɨ ɪɣɳɠ ɬɭɩɺɲɣ ɨɛ ɩɟɨʀɤ ɨɩɢʀ ɑɮɪɥʀ ɪɛɦɷɱʀ ɧʀɱɨɩ ɟɠɫɡɛɭɷ ɪɠɫɩ ɬɛɧ ɝʀɨ ɴɣɫɩ ɪɣɦɷɨɮɾ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ« Ɋɣɳɠ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɩɰɩɭɩɹ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɨɛ ɰɝɣ ɦɣɨɮ ɝʀɟʀɫɝɠɭɷɬɺ ɩɟ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɬɥɩɫɠɨɷɥɩ ɩɞɦɺɨɠ ɩɲɣɧɛ ɥɦɛɬ ɳɭɩɝɰɨɠ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɮɬʀɟɛ ɴɩ ɫɩɢʀɥɦɛɝɬɺ ɢ ɦʀɥɭɺɧɣ ɪʀɟɭɺɞɨɠ ɳɭɛɨɣ ɳɧɩɫɞɨɠ ɨɩɬɩɧ ³ ʀ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɟɩ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɉɟɰɣɦɣɝ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɨɛɜʀɥ ɞɦɺɨɮɝ ɨɛ ɬɝɩɾ ɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɤ ɢɛɪɣɳɛɝɬɺ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɪɦɠɲɠ ɢɛɢɣɫɨɮɝ ɟɩ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɮɬʀɟɛ ɤ ɫɩɢɫɠɞɩɭɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɠɬɷ ɥɦɛɬ ³ ɍʀɭɥɩ ɲɣ ɺɥ ɝɛɬ ³ ɞɮɥɛɾ ɝʀɨ ɟɩ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɷɥɣ ³ ɉɬɷ ɞɦɺɨɷɭɠ ɬɹɟɣ Ⱦɛ ɫɛɬɣɧ ɺɥɩɞɩɬɷ ɥʀɦɦɺ ɪɩɨɛɪɣɬɮɝɛɝ ɲɣ ɨɠ ɟɮɧɛɾ ɝʀɨ ɦʀɬɮ ɞɩɫɩɟɣɭɣ" ɓɥɩɦɺɫʀ ɪʀɟɨɺɦɣ ɫɠɞʀɭ Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɲɠɨɥɩ
ȱȱ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɢ ɞɿʀ ɤɨɝɨɫɶ ɿɡ ɜɚɲɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɲɿɜ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɰɿ ɧɚɞɚɜɲɢ ɣɨɦɭ ɿɧɲɟ ɿɦ¶ɹ
223. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɤɪɢɥɚɬɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ Ɉɠ ɫɩɢɬɣɪɛɤɭɠ ɪɠɫɦʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɬɝɣɨɷɧɣ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɢ Ȱɝɛɨɞɠɦʀʁ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɨɠ ɝɣɭɫɛɲɛɤɭɠ ɧɛɫɨɩ ɬɦʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɦɹɟɷɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɢɟɛɭɨʀ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɝɛɬ ɋɩ ɢʀɪɨɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɭɠɡ ɢ Ȱɝɛɨɞɠɦʀʁ ɭɛɥ ɢɛɬɦʀɪɦɠɨɣɤ ɨɠɨɛɝɣɬɭɹ ɨɛɭɩɝɪ ɝɣ ɧɛɞɛɝ ɮ Ɋɩɨɭʀɺ Ɋʀɦɛɭɛ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɨɠɝɣɨɨɩɞɩ Ȳɬɮɬɛ ɐɫɣɬɭɛ Ɍɪɣɨɣɬɷ ɰɝɣɦɣ ɨɩ ɭɣ ɲɮɟɩɝɛ ɝɣɬɦʀɝ ɢ ɪɩɠɧɣ ´ɏɛɮɬɭµ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣɥɛ Ʉ Ƚ Ⱦɠɭɠ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɾ ɢɛɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɨɺ ɢ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɮɭɩɞɩ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
9ȱȱȱ Ɋɨɡɞɭɦ ɩɪɨ ɿɞɟɚɥ Ɇɹɟɣ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀɳɨʀɧ ɟɨɠɧ ɛ ɤ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɝ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɾ ɝɦɛɳɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɟɩ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɮɪɩɟɩ ɜɛɨɷ ɉɱɺ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɛ ɧɠɭɛ ɟɩ ɺɥɩʁ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɭɷ ɦɹɟɣ ʀ ɺɥɛ ɥɠɫɮɾ ʁɰɨɷɩɹ 99
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɹ ʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ʀɟɠɛɦɩɧ Ȳɟɠɛɦ ɮ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɭɣ ɪɩ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɮ ³ ɪɫɺɧɩ ɤ ɩɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɥɩɝɛɨɩ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɪɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɣ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɣɬɟ ɹɤ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɟ ɳɨ ɦɢ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɽɦɨ ɿɞɟɚɥɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɳɟ ɦɪɿɽɸ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɦɪɿɹɬɢ ɣ ɜɢ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɿɡ ɠɚɪɬɿɜɥɢɜɨʀ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɩɿɫɧɿ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɭɦɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ
Ʌɩɦɣ ɜ ɺ ɜɮɝ ɪɩɦɭɛɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɱɷɥɣɤ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɜ ɟɠɲɩɞɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɂɫɩɜɣɝ ɜɣ ɭɛɥ ɴɩɜɣ ɡɣɦɩɬɺ Ƚɬʀɧ ɦɹɟɺɧ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɨɛɪɫɣɧʀɫ Ɋɩɬɭɛɝɣɝ ɜɣ ɺ ɬɥɫʀɢɷ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɂ ɧɠɟɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɺɨɣɥʀɝ ɬɛɧɣɰ Ȳ ɨʀɡɥɣ ɢ ɰɩɦɩɟɱɹ ɬɝɣɨɺɲʀ ɔɩɜ ɢ ɲɛɬɨɣɥɩɧ ɫɩɬɦɣ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɂɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɦɩɢɣ ³ ɫɩɬɦɣ ɜ ɥɩɝɜɛɬɣ Ȼ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɝɬɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɜ ³ ɧɦɣɨɱʀ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɜ ɢ ɬɛɧɩʁ ɥɛɳʀ ɍɛ ɢ ɟɩɜɫɣɰ ɬɝʀɡɣɰ ɪɩɭɫɮɰʀɝ
ȱȱ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɫɤɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɿɫɧɸ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɭ ´Ʌɩɦɣ ɜ ɺ ɜɮɝ ɪɩɦɭɛɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɱɷ ɥɣɤµ əɤɳɨ ɠ ɩɿɫɧɹ ɧɟ ɜɢɣɞɟ ɬɨ ɨɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɩɪɨɡɿ ɬɿ ɧɟɣɦɨɜɿɪɧɿ ɞɢɜɚ ɹɤɿ ɛ ɜɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɜɱɢɧɢɬɢ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ
Ƚɣɬɭɮɪɛɭɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɬɝʀɭɛɨɨʀ ɔɠ ɢɝɠɲɩɫɛ ɪɩɥɦɛɦɣ ɝ ɬɮɟɨɛ ɝɬʀ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨʀ ɪɫɣɪɛɬɣ ʁɡɮ ɩɟɺɞ ɨɛɜɩʁ ɪɩ ɫɩɰ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɜɫɩɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɫɣ ɥɩɢɛɥɛɰ ɉɭɡɠ ɨɛ ɬɝʀɭɛɨɨʀ ɢɛɞɫɣɧɦɺɭɷ ɜɮɜɨɣ ɩɡɣɝɠ Ɍʀɲ Ʌʀɦɷɥɛɨɛɟɱɺɭɷ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɥɩ ɢɛɥʀɝ ɢɛɤɧɮɭɷ ɬɝɩʁ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɝ ɭɫɷɩɰɬɭɛɰ ɲɛɤɥɛɰ ³ ʀ ɝɟɛɫɺɭɷ ɧʀɱɨʀ ɟɮɜɩɝʀ ɝɠɬɦɛ ɪɩ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɩ ɬɥɫɠɬɦɩɧɮ ȿɨʀɪɫɮ ɚɫɠɧɥɩ ɜʀɞɛɝ ɭɩ ɟɩ Ɋɠɭɫɛ Ɍɥɫɣɪɨɣɥɛ ɭɩ ɟɩ Ʌɛɫɪɛ Ɉɠɟɛɤɜɩɫɴɛ ³ Ƚʀɢɷɧʀɭɷ ɧɠɨɠ ɢ ɬɩɜɩɹ Ɏ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɲɮɝ ɩɟɨɠ ³ Ɍɣɟɣ ɭɮɭ ɇɛɦɣɤ ɴɠ ³ Ɉɮ ɝʀɢɷɧʀɭɷ ɧɠɨɠ ɚ ɝɛɧ ɜɮɟɮ ɭɛɧ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɠɨ ɋɩɜɣɭɣɧɮ ɝɬɠ ɴɩ ɨɛɥɛɡɠ ɭɠ ɚ ɬɣɦɷɨɣɤ Ƚʀɢɷɧʀɭɷ ɧɠɨɠ ³ Ɉɠ ɝʀɢɷɧɠɧɩ Ɋɩɰʀɟ ³ ɭɩ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɞɮɦɺɨɥɛ ɍɛɧ ɬɭɫʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɇɩɡɮɭɷ ɮɜɣɭɣ ³ Ȼ ɲɩɞɩ ɭɩ ɧɠɨɠ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɜɠɫɠɞɭɣ"
Ɋɠɫɠɨɩɬɨɠ ɝɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɪɩɬɩɜʀɝ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
³ Ɉɛɤɧɩɦɩɟɳɣɤ ɚɥɴɩ ɬɥɛɡʀɧɩ ɢʀ ɧɨɩɹ ɴɩɬɷ ɬɭɛɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɭɩ ɨɠ ɭɛɥ ɬɭɫɛɳɨɩ ɚ ɪɫɩɡɣɝ ɮɡɠ ɬɩɫɩɥ ɦʀɭ Ȼ ɭɣ" ɍɣ ɤ ɪ·ɺɭɨɛɟɱɺɭɣ ɨɠ ɧɛɾɳ Ɏ ɭɠɜɠ ɝɬɠ ɴɠ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɮ Ɍ ɍɠɦɷɨɹɥ
ȱȱ ɍɹɜɿɬɶ ɳɨ ɜɢ ɯɨɱɟɬɟ ɩɨɞɚɬɢɫɹ ɡ ɤɨɡɚɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɨɯɿɞ ɉɟɪɟɞɚɣɬɟ ɜɚɲɭ ɪɨɡɦɨɜɭ ɹɤ ɜɢ ʀʀ ɫɨɛɿ ɭɹɜɥɹɽɬɟ Ɇɨɠɟɬɟ ɜɠɢɬɢ ɤɪɿɦ ɬɢɯ ɳɨ ɽ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɟɩɪɩ ɧɩɡʀɭɷ ɪɩɪɫɩɬʀɭɷ ɪʀɟɬɩɜɦɹ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɭɣɧɮ ɝʀɟɲɠɪɣɬɺ ɨɠ ɢɛɝɛɡɛɤ ɨɠ ɪɦɮɭɛɤɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɨɩɞɛɧɣ ɪɩɬɦɮɰɛɤ ɰɩɟʀɧɩ ɬɨɳɨ ɋɜɨɸ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȐȜȟȪȚȖȗ ǼșȓȟȳȐ
ɈȻɓȻ ɎɅɋȻȳɈȻ Ɋɩɨɛɟ ɨɛɧɣ ɨɠɜɩ ɬɣɨɾ Ɋɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɧɣ ɡɩɝɭɠ ɪɩɦɠ Ƚ ɫɛɜɬɭɝɩ ɨɛɳɛ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ Ɉɠ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ Ɉɛɧ ɮ ɨɠɜʀ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɬɺɾ Ȳ ȿɨʀɪɫɩ ɝ ɬɭɠɪɮ ɬɣɨʀɾ ȿɩɦɹ ɥɫɛɴɮ ɝ ɫʀɟɨʀɧ ɥɫɛʁ ɂɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɧɣ ɢɮɧʀɾɧ Ɍɭɛɨɠɧ ɺɥ ɩɟɨɛ ɫɩɟɣɨɛ ȼɮɟɠɧ ɲɠɬɨɩ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ȼɮɟɠ ɤ ɝ ɨɛɳʀɤ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɔɛɬɭɺ ɫɛɟʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɟɩɬɭɛɭɩɥ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
226. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ Ɉɥɟɫɿɜ ɜɿɪɲ ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɣɬɟ ɹɤ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɱɟɪɝɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɿ ɣ ɧɟɧɚɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɢ ɹɤ ɪɢɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɪɹɞɤɢ ɹɤɿ ɡɨɪɨɜɿ ɨɛɪɚɡɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɨ ɓɨ ɛ ɜɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɫɜɨʀ ɩɨɱɭɬɬɹ ɞɨ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ"
§ 26.
Ȼɟɡɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ
ȼɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɟʀɹ ɛɜɩ ɬɭɛɨ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɛɧʀ ɪɩ ɬɩɜʀ ɜɠɢ ɟʀɹɲɩʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ȼɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɬɝʀɭɛɾ ɬɧɠɫɥɛɾ ɞɫɣɧɣɭɷ ɬɭɛɨ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɨɠ ɬɪɣɭɷɬɺ ɧɩɫɩɢɣɭɷ ɢɛ ɧɛɨɮɦɩɬɺ 227. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɿɬɶ ɱɢ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɞɨ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɢ ɩɿɞɦɟɬ ɰɭɩ" ɴɩ" ɑɢ ɦɨɠ ɧɚ ʀɯ ɩɨɽɞɧɚɬɢ ɡ ɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɦɢ ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɺ ɭɣ ɧɣ ɝɣ ɝʀɨ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɩɨɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɜ ɧɚɡɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɭ" ɑɢ ɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɧɢ ɡɚ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɪɨɞɚɦɢ ɣ ɱɢɫɥɚɦɢ" Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɛɟɡɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɦɢ
ɋɩɢɝɣɟɨɺɦɩɬɺ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɩɧɛɦɮ ʀ ɪʀɢɨɩ Ȳ ɏɫɛɨɥɩ Ɉɛɟɝɩɫʀ ɬɮɭɠɨʀɦɩ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ ³ ɒɩɞɩɬɷ ɧɠɨɠ ɦɣɰɩɧɛɨɣɭɷ ³ ɢɟɫɣɞɨɮɝɬɺ Ɇɠɝɥɩ ɇ Ɍɭɠɦɷɧɛɰ Ɉɛ ɭɠ ɤ ɰɩɟɣɭɷɬɺ ɜʀɦɺ ɝɣɨɩɞɫɛɟɮ ɨɛ ɭɠ ɤ ɪɫɛɱɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɴɩɜ ɧɛɭɣ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɷ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ
Ɏ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺɰ ɢ ɜɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝɣɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɪʀɟɧɠɭɛ ɨɠ ɜɮɝɛɾ ȳɰ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɢ ɩɬɩɜɩɝɣɧɣ ɢɛɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɺ ɭɣ ɧɣ ɝɣ ɝʀɨ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɩɨɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɮ ɨɛɢɣɝɨɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɮ ȼɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɢɛ ɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɩɬɩɜɛɧɣ ɤ ɲɣɬɦɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɨɹ ɹɭɷɬɺ Ƚɩɨɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɯɩɫɧɮ ɛɜɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɟɮ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɲɛɬʀ ɭɛ ɮɧɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɬɪɩɬɩɜʀ ɛɜɩ ɯɩɫɧɮ ʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ɝ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɧɮ ɭɛ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɲɛɬɛɰ
ȼɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
228. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɛɟɡɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɿ ɱɚɫ ɪɿɞ ɨɫɨ ɛɭ ɱɢɫɥɨ
Ȳ ɬɝʀɭɛɾ ʀ ɬɧɠɫɥɛɾ ɟɠɨɷ ȼɩɡɣɤ ɧɣɨɛɾ ɐɩɲɠɭɷɬɺ ɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɷ ɺɥ ɬɩɨɠɲ ɥɩ ɬɺɾ ɂ ɭɝ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɛ Ȼ ɨɛɟ ȿɨʀɪɫɩɧ ɮɡɠ ɪɩɧʀɭɨɩ ɬɝʀɭɛɦɩ ɂɝɠ ɲɩɫʀɦɩ ɢʀɫɥɣ ɪɫɩɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɨɠɜʀ Ƚʀɟɝɛɞɣ ɰɩɫɩɜɫɩɬɭʀ ɺ ɝʀɫɹ ɝɛɧ ɭɠɡ ɨɠ ɢɛɜɫɛɥɨɠ ɂ ɭɝ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫɛ Ɋɫɩ ɴɩ ɟɮɧɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɭɛɫɩɧɮ" ɇɩɡɠ ɬɪɩɧɣ ɨɛɾ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ɭɛ ɟʀɟɛ Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɲɠɨɥɩ
Ȳ ɇɛɫɲɮɥ Ɋɫɩɧʀɨɨɺ ɫɛɨɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɩɨɱɺ
229. Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɛɟɡɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɫɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɬɿ ɳɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɫɬɚɧ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ ɩɨɬɿɦ ² ɹɜɢɳɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ
ɔɛɬɭɣɭɣ ɢɛɧɛɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɝɠɲɩɫʀɭɣ ɟɩɴɣɭɣ ɡɣɭɣɬɺ ɥɩɫɭʀɭɣ ɟɨʀɭɣ ɦɣɰɩ ɧɛɨɣɭɣ ɧɩɫɩɢɣɭɣ ɧɫɺɲɣɭɣ ɫɩɢɝɣɟɨɺɭɣɬɺ ɬɝʀɭɛɭɣ ɬɧɠɫɥɛɭɣ ɬɪɛɭɣɬɺ ɬɮɭɠɨʀɭɣ ɭɛɦɛɨɣɭɣ ɰɩɭʀɭɣɬɺ
230. ɉɟɪɟɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤ ɳɨɛ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɠɢɬɿ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɛɭɥɢ ɛɟɡɨɫɨɛɨɜɨ ɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ Ɋɩɝʀɺɝ ɰɩɦɩɟ ³ Ɋɩɝʀɺɦɩ ɰɩɦɩɟɩɧ. Ɋɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɪɛɰɦɛ ɰɝɩɺ ȿɮɰɧɺɨʀ ɪɛɰɩɴʀ ɝɟɛɫɣɦɣ ɝ ɩɜɦɣɲɲɺ ɍɮɧɛɨ ɢɛɝɩɦʀɥ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɤ ɥɫɛɾɝɣɟ ȿɩɫɩɞɮ ɢɛɧʀɝ ɬɨʀɞ Ƚɩɟɛ ɢɛɭɩɪɣɦɛ ɪʀɝ ɬɠɦɛ Ɉɛ ɬɛɧɩɭʀ ɺ ɟɮɧɛɹ ɦɠɞɳɠ ɚɥ ɪɭɛɰɣ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɮ ɭɛɥʀ ɧɩɫɩɢɣ"
231. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɍɠɫɪɱɹ ɨɠ ɬɭɛɾ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɢɧɩɞɣ ɭɠɫɪʀɭɣ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɝ ɩɲɛɰ ɫɺɜʀɾ ɧɠɫɠɰɭɣɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɩɲɣɧɛ ɛɡ ɩɲʀ ɫʀɡɠ ɨɠɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɝɫɛɡɛɾ ɢʀɫ ɨɠ ɝɣɬɭɛɲɛɾ ɥɠɜɠɭɣ ɜɫɛɥɮɾ ɥɧʀɭɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɜɠɫɠ ɢ ɢɛ ɪɦɠɲɠɤ ɬɭɛɾ ɬɭɫɛɳɨɩ ɟɮɳɛ ɝ ɪ·ɺɭɣ ɰɩɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɭɫɛɳɨɩ ɰɛɤ ɭɩɜʀ ɴɛɬɭɣɭɷ ɪɩɜɛɡɛɨɨɺ ɮɬɪʀɰɮ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
§ 27.
ɉɿɞɫɭɦɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɦɢ ³ɋɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ´
232. Ɋɨɡɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ Ⱦɥɹ ɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɳɟ ɩɨ ± ɜɥɚɫɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɿɜ
, Ɍɪɩɬɩɜɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ȿʀɤɬɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɦʀɭɛɝ ɦʀɭɛɾ ɦʀɭɛɭɣɧɠ Ɏɧɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɦʀɭɛɝ ɜɣ ɪɩɟɣɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɜ Ɉɛɥɛɢɩɝɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɦʀɭɛɤ ɪɩɟɣɝʀɭɷɬɺ ȲȲ ɒɛɬɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɍɠɪɠɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɲɛɬ ɧʀɫɥɮɹ ɫɩɢɝɣɟɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɇɣɨɮɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɧʀɫɥɮɝɛɝ ɟɩɝʀɟɛɝɬɺ ȿɛɝɨɩɧɣɨɮɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɜɮɝ ɢʀɜɫɛɝɬɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɞɩɟɣɦɣɬɷ« ɇɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɲɛɬ ɜɮɟɮ ɧʀɫɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɧʀɫɥɮɝɛɭɣɧɠɧɩ ɟɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɂɝ·ɺɢɩɥ ɧʀɡ ɝɣɟɩɧ ʀ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɛ ɮ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɧɮ ɲɛɬʀ ɳɮɥɛɹ ɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɜ ɮ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɲɛɬʀ ɳɮɥɛɝ ɢɨɛɤɳɦɣ ɝ ɮ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɲɛɬʀ ɳɮɥɛɭɣɧɮ ɢɨɛɤɟɮɭɷ ȲȲȲ ɂɧʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ Ɋɩɟʀɦ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɨɛ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɬɥɛɡɠ ɬɥɛɡɮɭɷ ɧɩɝɲɣɭɷ ɧɩɝɲɛɭɷ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɢɛ ɨɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɩɹ ɯɩɫɧɩɹ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɜɮɫɧɩɭɛ ɭɣ ³ ɜɮɫɧɩɲɠɳ ɜɮɫɧɩɭʀɭɣ ³ ɜɮɫɧɩɲɮ ɜɮɫɧɩɭɣɳ ɢɝɮɲɛɭɣ ³ ɢɝɮɲɮ ɢɝɮɲɣɭɷ ɂɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ Ȳ ɭɛ ,, ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨ ɮ ɤ ɩɬɩɜʀ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ɬɥɛɡɮ ɧɩɝɲɮ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɹ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɷ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ Ȳ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɩɬɩɜɛɰ ɪɣɳɠɳ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɾɧɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɹɭɷ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɷ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ȲȲ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɩɬɩɜɛɰ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɳ ɪɩɜɛɲɛɭɷ ɬɭɩʁɧɩ ɬɭɩɺɭɷ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɷ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɛɫɰɛʁɲɨɩʁ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɪɫɩɟɛɧ ɪɫɩɟɛɬɣ« ɒɠɫɞɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɰ ɛ ɮ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɰ Ȳ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɪɣɬɛɭɣ ³ ɪɣɳɮ ɪɣɳɠɳ ɜ ɮ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɰ ,, ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɬɮɟɣɭɣ ³ ɬɮɟɡɮ ɬɮɟɣɳ ɬɮɟɺɭɷ ɦɹɜɣɭɣ ³ ɦɹɜɦɹ ɦɹɜɣɳ ɦɹɜɦɺɭɷ Ɋɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɮ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɩɧɮ ɲɛɬʀ ɪɣɬɛɭɣɧɮ ɬɝʀɭɣ ɭɣɧɠɧɩ ɟɮɧɛɭɣɧɠɭɠ ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɬɪʀɝɛɭɣ ³ ɬɪʀɝɛɝ ɝɠɢɭɣ ³ ɝʀɢ ɱɝʀɬɭɣ ³ ɱɝʀɝ
Ɋʀɟɬɮɧɥɩɝɠ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɧɣ ´Ɍɪɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛµ
Ⱦɫɛɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɲɛɬʀ ɝʀɝ ɝɠɦɛ ɝɠɦɩ ɝɠɦɣ ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɮɧɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɮ ɫɩɜɣɝ ɜɣ ɫɩɜɣɦɛ ɜ ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɤ ɪɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɮ ɝɣɝɲɣ ɝɣɝɲʀɧɩ ɝɣɝɲʀɭɷ« ɩɜɦɣɳ ɩɜɦɣɳɧɩ ɩɜɦɣɳɭɠ« Ȳ9 Ƚɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɲɛɬʀɝ ʀ ɬɪɩɬɩɜʀɝ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ Ƚɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɤ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɮ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨʀ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɤɟɮ ɝɲɩɫɛ ɛɡ ɜɛɲɮ Ƚɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɮ ɝ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨʀ ɟʀɤɬɨɩɞɩ ɛ ɝʀɨ ɝʀɢɷɧɣ ʀ ɬɥɛ ɡɣ Ƚɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɮɧɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɮ ɝ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨʀ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɝɩɞɩ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɝ ɜɣ ɦɣɬɭɛ ɜɫɛɭɩɝʀ Ƚɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɟʀɤɬɨɩɞɩ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɮ ɝ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨʀ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɝɩɞɩ ɪʀɟɠɳ ɢɫɩɜɣɳ« ȼɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɬɝʀɭɛɾ ɨɠ ɬɪɣɭɷɬɺ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɬɚ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɩɪɨ ɫɬɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɚɯ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɡɚ ɞɿɽɜɿɞɦɿɧɚɦɢ Ɂɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ
ɚɥɣɧ ɮɡɠ ɬɪɮɬɭɣɝɬɺ ɢ ɞɩɫɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɟɩʁɡɟɡɛɹɲɣ ɧɩɬɭɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝ ɨɛ ɪɣɳɨɮ ɪɩɦɺɨɮ ɴɩɜ ɬɛɧɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɭɣ ʀ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɞɨʀɟɥɛ ɪɩɪɛɬɭɣ ɍɣɰɩ Ƚɣ ɲɮɾɭɠ ɺɥ ɝɛɳɠ ɬɠɫɱɠ ɜ·ɾɭɷɬɺ ɩɜ ɞɫɮɟɣ ɞɦɮɰɩ ɩɜɫɮɜɩ« Ȼ ɭɩ ɴɩ ɳɮɧɣɭɷ" Ƚɛɳɛ ɥɫɩɝ" Ɉʀ ɭɩ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɠ ɪɩɦɮɧ·ɺ ɢɨɺɝɳɣɬɷ ɮɞɩɫɮ ɦɣɡɠ ɲɩɫɨɠ ɟɨɩ ɥɛɢɛɨɥɩɝɠ ʀ ɬɣɲɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɨɠɢɨɛɫɩɳɨɠ ɪɫɩɦɣɭɛ ɝɩɟɛ ɢɦɠɞɥɛ ɦɩɪɩ ɲɮɭɷ ɟɫɩɝɛ ɢ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɟɩɨɩɬɣɭɷɬɺ ɞɮɥ ɭɛ ɫɠɞʀɭ ɚɥɣɧʀɝ ɪɩɫɬɥɛɨɨɺ ɞɨʀɟɥɩɝɠ« Ɉɛɟ ɝɛɧɣ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɞʀɨɥɛ ɬɩɥɩɫɣɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɥɩ ɝɞɩɫɮ ɜɮɺɾ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɫɩɢɝɠɦɛ ɨɛ ɝɬʀ ɜɩɥɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɞɮɬɭɮ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɣɨɮ ʀ ɪɫɣɥɫɣɦɛ ɝɛɬ ɦɠɞɠɨɷɥɩɹ ɭʀɨɨɹ Ȼ ɩɨ ɨɛ ɪɫɛɝɮ ɫɮɲ ɢɟʀɤɧɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɞɩɫɣ ɪʀɟɥɩɝɩɹ ɩɜɨɺɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɭɮ ɟɩɦɣɨɮ ɟɠ ɝɣ ɦɠɡɣɭɠ ɝɬɺ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɣɨɛ ʁɰɨɺ ɪɩɥɫɣɭɛ ɞɮɬɭɣɧ ɦʀɬɩɧ ɛ ɜɩɥɣ ɪɩɥɫɣɭʀ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɣɧɣ ɺɫɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɥɫɮɭɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɝɛɦɦɺɧɣ Ɋɛɨɛɬ ɇɣɫɨɣɤ
ȱȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɉɨ ɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɿ ɱɚɫ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ
³ Ƚɬɭɛɝɛɤ ɬɣɨɮ ɝɡɠ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɜɮɟɠ ɫɩɢɝɣɟɨɺɭɣɬɷ Ɋʀɟɝɩɟɡɮ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɢ ɪɩ ɬɭɠɦʀ ɝ ɰɛɭʀ ɜɦɣɧɛɾ ɝʀɥɨɛ ɢɛɭɮɦɠɨʀ ɲɩɫɨɣɧ ɬɮɥɨɩɧ ɭɠɧɫɺɝɣ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɞɛɟɛ ɭɣ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɧɣɨɮɦɩ ɝɡɠ ɨɩɲʀ ɤ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɴɠ ɜɮɟɠ ³ ɨʀɴɩ ɪɫɩ ɬɝʀɭ ɨɠ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɾ ³ Ƚɬɭɛɝɛɤ ɬɣɨɮ ɪʀɟɠɧɩ Ɋɫɩɭɣɫɛɹ ɩɟ ɬɨɮ ɩɲʀ ³ Ʌɮɟɣ ɧɛɧɩ" ³ ɉ ɛ ɰʀɜɛ ɡ ɭɣ ɢɛɜɮɝ ɪʀɟɠɧɩ ɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɷ ɺɥ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɬɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɍɣ ɡ ɪɫɩɬɣɝ ɴɩɜ ɭɠɜɠ ɢɜɮɟɣɦɣ Ƚɬɭɛɝɛɤ ³ ɪʀɟɝɩɟɣɭɷ ɧɠɨɠ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɍɛɥ ɺ ɪɫɩɰɛɝ ɴɩɜ ɧɠɨɠ ɢɜɮɟɣɦɣ ɺ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɝɡɠ ɧɛɫɣɝ ɪɫɩ ɱɠ ɥɩɦɣ ɡ ɭɠ ɪɠɫ ³ Ɍɪɛɭɣ ɰɩɲɠɭɷɬɺ ɧɛɧɩ ɟɮɡɠ ³ ɪɰɣɥɛɹ ɺ ʀ ɧɩɝ ɝɣɨɮɝɛɭɣɤ ɬɰɣɦɺɹ ɬɩɨɨɮ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɧɛɭɠɫʀ ɨɛ ɞɫɮɟɣ ³ Ƚɬɭɛɝɛɤ ɝɬɭɛɝɛɤ ɨɠ ɦʀɨɮɤɬɺ ³ ɲɮɹ ɨʀɡɨɣɤ ɦɛɞʀɟɨɣɤ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɨɠɝɜɦɛ ɞɛɨɨɣɤ ɞɩɦɩɬ ɇɨɮɬɺ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹ ɪɩɢʀɰɛɹɲɣ ɩɟɺɞɛɭɣɬɷ ɬɩɪɮ ɇɛɭɣ ɨɛɳɝɣɟɥɮ ɟɩɪɩɧɛ ɞɛɾ ɝɧɣɝɛɾ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɹ ɝɩɟɩɹ Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɲɠɨɥɩ
II. Ɉɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɢ ɜɪɚɧɰɿ ɩɪɨɤɢɞɚɽɬɟɫɹ ɡ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɱɭɬɬɹɦɢ ɜɫɬɚɽɬɟ ɡ ɥɿɠɤɚ Ɇɨ ɠɟɬɟ ɜɠɢɬɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɩɢɝɣɟɨɺɭɣɬɺ ɬɝʀɭɛɭɣ ɭɩɫɬɛɭɣ ɞɮɥɛɭɣ ɪɩɭɺɞɛ ɭɣɬɺ ɲɮɰɧɛɫɣɭɣɬɺ ɪɩɢʀɰɛɭɣ ɬɰɩɪɦɹɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛɭɺɞɛɭɣ ɬɨɳɨ. ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ Ɏ ɨɛɳʀɧ ɛɬɯɛɦɷɭɩɝɛɨʀɧ ɟɝɩɫʀ ɫɩɬɭɠ ɺɜɦɮɨɺ Ɋʀɟ ɺɜɦɮɨɠɹ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɢɠɦɠɨɮ ɝɛɭɛ ɦɛɝɛ ɚ ɬɣɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɭʀɤ ɢɠɦɠɨɮɝɛɭʀɤ ɦɛɝʀ ɂ ɺɜɦɮɨʀ ɩɪɛɟɛɝ ɥɝʀɭ ɜʀɦʀ ɪɠɦɹɬɭ ɥɣ ɧɠɫɠɰɭʀɦɣ ɝ ɪɩɝʀɭɫʀ ɨɛɲɠ ɬɨʀɡɣɨɥɣ Ɋɩ ɬɣɨɷɩɧɮ ɨɠɜʀ ɪɦɣɝɦɣ ɜʀɦʀ ɰɧɛɫɣ Ɍɮɬʀɟɬɷɥɛ ɟʀɝɲɣɨɥɛ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɞɫɛɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɪʀɬɩɲɨɣɱʀ ɢ ɦɺɦɷɥɩɹ Ɇɺɦɷ ɥɛ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɦɺɦɛɬɺ ɬɣɟʀɭɣ ɨɛ ɥɫɛɹ ɪʀɬɩɲɨɣɱʀ ³ ɉɬɷ ɺ ɪɩɥɦɣɲɮ ȼɛɜɛɺ ³ ɧɩɝɣɦɛ ɟʀɝɲɣɨɥɛ ɟɣɝɦɺɲɣɬɷ ɥɮɟɣɬɷ ɮɜʀɥ ɪɩɝɢ ɧɠɨɠ ʀ ɨɛɳ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ ɚ ɪʀɟʀɤɳɩɝ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ³ Ƚɛɬɣɦɣɨɥɩ ɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɝʀɨ ʀɢ ɬɠɜɠ ȼɛɜɛɤ" ³ ȼɛɜɛɤ" ³ Ɋɩ ʁʁ ɩɜɦɣɲɲɹ ɧɛɤɨɮɦɛ ɭʀɨɷ ³ ɍɛɥ ɝʀɨ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɬɭɫɛɳɨɣɤ ʀ ɪ·ɺɨɣɤ« ³ Ȼ ɭɣ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɹɝɛɦɛ ȼɛɜɛɺ" ³ Ɉʀ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɹɝɛɦɛ ³ ɬɥɛɢɛɦɛ ɟʀɝɲɣɨɥɛ ³ Ȼ ɧɩɡɠ ɨɛɧɛɦɹɾɳ" Ƚ ȿɫɩɢɟ
Ɋʀɟɬɮɧɥɩɝɠ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɧɣ ´Ɍɪɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛµ
ȱȱ Ɂɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɦ ɡɪɚɡɤɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɣɬɟ ɪɨɡɦɨɜɭ ɞɜɨɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɚ ɛɭɞɶ ɹɤɭ ɬɟɦɭ ɚɛɨ ɹɤɳɨ ɰɟ ɜɚɠɤɨ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɰɟɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɱɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɿɜ ɜɿɞ ʀɯɧɶɨɝɨ ɿɦɟɧɿ ɋɜɨɸ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɱɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
236*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɜɿɪɲ Ⱦɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɠɤɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɡɚ ɡɦɿɫɬɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɜ ɬɟ ɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɚɛɨ ɜ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ
Ɋɠɫɠɥɝʀɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɥɝʀɭɠɨɷ Ɋɠɫɠɳɮɧʀɭɣ ɝɠɬɨɛ Ȳ ɜɮɭɣ ɭɣɰɠ ɦʀɭɩ Ⱦɦɣɜʀɨɷ ɺɬɨɛ Ƚ ɞɦɣɜʀɨɷ ɢɛɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɩɬʀɨɷ Ɋɩɡɮɫɣɭɣɬɺ ɬɛɧɛ Ȳ ɪʀɟ ɞɮɟʀɨɨɺ ɬɩɬɩɨ Ƚɪɛɬɭɣ ɢɣɧɛ ɍɛ ɟɨɺɧ ɨɠɧɛ ɬɪɩɥɩɹ Ɉɛ ɝɠɬɨɮ ɬɥɫɠɬɨɮɭɣ ɬɨʀɞ ³ ȿɣɝɣɬɷ ³ ɬɭɠɡɥɣ ɢɨɛɤɩɧʀ Ɍɦʀɟɣ ɩɟ ɨʀɞ Ȳ ɢɨɩɝ ɱɝʀɬɭɣ ɲɠɫɠɳɨʀ Ȳ ɢɠɦɠɨʀɭɣ ɦɮɞ Ɍɷɩɞɩɟɨʀɳɨɾ ɝɲɩɫɛɳɨɾ ³ Ɉɠɢɧʀɨɨɣɤ ɥɫɮɞ ɇ ȿɫɛɤ ɐɧɛɫɛ
237. ɉɪɨɡɦɿɧɸɣɬɟ ɜ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɭɮɪɩɭɛɭɣ ɿ ɭɮɪɩɭʀɭɣ, ɝɣɫɩɬɭɣ ɿ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɣɭɣ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɜɲɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ʀɯɧɸ ɞɿɽɜɿɞ ɦɿɧɭ. ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɧɢɠɱɟ ɉɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢ ɩɪɚɜɬɟ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɉɬɩɜɛ
ɍɮɪɩɭɛɭɣ
ɛ ɛ ɺ
ɭɮɪɩɲɮ ɭɮɪɩɲɠɳ ɭɮɪɩɲɠ
ɛ ɛ ɺ
ɭɮɪɩɲɠɧɩ ɭɮɪɩɲɠɭɠ ɭɮɪɩɲɮɭɷ
ɍɮɪɩɭʀɭɣ Ƚɣɫɩɬɭɣ ɩɟɨɣɨɛ ɭɮɪɩɲɮ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɮ ɭɮɪɩɭɣɳ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɠɳ ɭɮɪɩɭɣɭɷ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɠ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɛ ɭɮɪɩɭɣɧɩ ɭɮɪɩɭɣɧɩ ɭɮɪɩɭɺɭɷ
ɝɣɫɩɬɭɠɧɩ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɠɧɩ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ
Ƚɣɫɩɬɭɣɭɣ ɝɣɫɩɴɮ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɣɳ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɣɭɷ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɣɧɩ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɣɧɩ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɺɭɷ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ ɉɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɳ" ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɠɳ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɣɳ Ɋɦɛɥɛɭɣ ɝɡɛɦɣɭɣ ɦɣɳɣɭɣ ɬɹɫɥɩɭɛɭɣ ɬɭɠɦɣɭɣɬɺ ɩɜɠɫʀɞɛɭɣ ɬɭɮɪɣɭɣ ɝɣɬɨɮɭɣ ɬɭɩɪɭɛɭɣ ɭɺɧɣɭɣ ɝɣɪɩɦɩɭɣ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɨ ɝɨ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɚ ;,; ɫɬ ȿɪɧɟɫɬɚ Ɋɟɧɚɧɚ ´Ɋɫɛɱɺ ³ ɨɛɤɥɫɛɴɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ µ. 239*. ɍ ɞɢɤɬɚɧɬɿ ɨɞɧɿ ɭɱɧɿ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɥɢ Ɋɩɦɠɧ ɬɭɠɦɠɭɷɬɺ ɭɮɧɛɨ ʀɨɳʀ ³ Ɋɩɦɠɧ ɬɭɠ ɦɣɭɷɬɺ ɭɮɧɛɨ. ɏɬɨ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ" ɑɨɦɭ" 240*. ɉɪɨɡɦɿɧɸɣɬɟ ɜ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɛɟʀɭɣ, ɝɠɬɠɦɣɭɣɬɺ. 241*. ɉɪɨɡɦɿɧɸɣɬɟ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɪɫɣɝɠɬɭɣ, ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɭɣ. ɑɢ ɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɡɚ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ"
ȱ ɉɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɨɞɧɢɧɢ ɧɚɤɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡ ɦ¶ɹɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɭɤɿɧɰɿ ɛɟɡ ɦ¶ɹɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɤɚ
ɂɝɛɡɣɭɣ ɢɛɬɣɪɛɭɣ ɥɝɛɬɣɭɣ ɝɞɛɟɛɭɣ ɪɩɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɝɨɩɬɣɭɣ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɣɭɣ ɢɧɩɫɴɣɭɣ ɝʀɫɣɭɣ ɝɣɥɣɨɮɭɣ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ɞɚɜɧɶɨɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɢ ɤɚ Ⱥɥɶ ɏɚɪɿɡɿ ´ȿɠ ɧɛɦɩ ɬɦʀɝ ɭɛɧ µ ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɿ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ
³ Ȼ ɧɣ Ⱦɛɦɹɬɹ ɨɠ ɰɩɲɠɧɩ ɬɪɛɭɣ ɬɥɛɡɣ ɨɛɧ ɥɛɢɩɲɥɣ ³ ɪɫɩɰɛɦɣ ɟʀɭɣ Ȳ Ⱦɛɦɺ ɪɫɣɧɩɬɭɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɜʀɦɺ ɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɪɩɦɮ ɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɥɛɢɥɮ ³ ȼɮɝ ɬɩɜʀ ɡɣɝ ɬɩɜʀ ɟʀɟ ɭɛ ɜɛɜɛ ʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɭɫɣ ɟɩɲɥɣ ʀ ɴɩɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɮ Ⱦɛɦɠɹ ɢɝɛɦɣ ³ Ⱦɛɦɠɹ" ɚɥ ɭɠɜɠ" ³ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɪɦɹɾ ɰɦɩɪɠɱɷ ³ ɀɞɠ ɺɥ ɧɠɨɠ« ɉɭ ʀ ɪʀɳɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɫɛɢɮ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ ɪɩ ɺɞɩɟɣ ɍɩ ɭʀ ɬɠ ɬɭɫɣ ɫɝɮɭɷ ɭɛ ʁɟɺɭɷ ɛ Ⱦɛɦɺ ɫɝɠ ɭɛ ɝ ɞɦɠɲɣɥ ɥɦɛɟɠ ɥɛɡɠ ³ Ɋɩɨɠɬɮ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɭɛɭɩɝʀ ɤ ɧɛɧɮɬʀ« ³ ɍɛɥ ɺɥ ɭɣ ³ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɥɛɡɠ ɰɦɩɪɠɱɷ ³ Ȳ ɭɣ ɭɛɥ ɨɛɫɝɠɳ ɺɞʀɟ ʀ ɨɛɧ ɪɫɣ ɨɩɬɣɳ Ȼ ɺɞɩɟɣ ɭɛɥʀ ɬɩɦɩɟɥʀ ³ Ɉɮ ɱɣɭɷ ɡɠ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɨɺɤ ɍɩ ɭʀ ɬɠɬɭɫɣ ɤ ɥɛɡɮɭɷ ³ ɚɥ ɧɣ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɝɠɫɨɠɧɩɬɷ" Ɏ ɨɠʁ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɺɞʀɟ ɛ ɝ ɨɛɬ ɨɠɧɛ ³ ɫɩɢɥɛɢɮɝɛɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɺ ɛ ɟʀɭɣ ɝɬɠ ɬɦɮɰɛɦɣ ȼ Ⱦɫʀɨɲɠɨɥɩ
Ɋʀɟɬɮɧɥɩɝɠ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɧɣ ´Ɍɪɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛµ
Ɋɛɧ·ɺɭɨɣɥ ȼ Ⱦɫʀɨɲɠɨɥɮ ɧ Ʌɣʁɝ
ȱȱ ɉɟɪɟɞɚɣɬɟ ɰɸ ɱɢ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɭ ɪɨɡɦɨɜɭ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɽɦɭ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɦɿɠ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɞɿɬɶɦɢ ɋɜɨɸ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
244. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸ ɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦɢ ɤɨɞɚɦɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɶ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮµ ɬɚ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛµ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɢɞɮɜɣɭɣ ³ ɰɩɲɠ ³ . Ȳ Ʌɩɞɩ ɴɛɬɭɺ ɢɞɮɜɣɭɣ ɰɩɲɠ ɭɩɧɮ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɫɩɢɮɧ ɝʀɟɜɠɫɠ ɂɛɟɨʀɧ ɫɩ ɢɮɧɩɧ ɟʀɦɛ ɨɠ ɪɩɪɫɛɝɣɳ ɉɟɣɨ ɟɮɫɨɣɤ ɥɣɨɠ ɥɛɧʀɨɷ ɮ ɧɩɫɠ ɛ ɬɭɩ ɫɩɢɮɧ ɨɣɰ ɨɠ ɟʀɬɭɛɨɮɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ȼɛɲɣɭɷ ɩɥɩ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɛ ɫɩɢɮɧ ɴɠ ɟɛɦʀ Ɋɠɫɠɧɛɞɛɤ ɭɫɮɟɨɩɴʀ ɫɩɢɮɧɩɧ ɛ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɮ ɟɩɬɝʀɟɩɧ ȿɩɜɫɩɞɩ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɝɬʀ ɢɞɛɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɧɮɭɷ ɛ ɦɣɰɩɞɩ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɢɛɜɮɟɮɭɷ ɚɥɜɣ ɬɝɣɨʀ ɫɩɞɣ ɭɩ ɜ ɮɬʀɰ ɪɩɥɩɦɩɦɛ ȲȲ Ɉɠ ɰɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɛɝɭɫɛɳɨʀɧ ɟɨɠɧ ɜɩ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɾɳ ɴɩ ɭɩɤ ɟɠɨɷ ɮɫɩɟɣɭɷ ɚɥɜɣ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɩɲʀ ɭɩ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɦɣ ɜ ɴɩ ɭɛɥɠ ɟɠɨɷ Ɂɩɝɭɠɨɷ ɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɪɩ ɥɫɛɹ ɭɛ ɝɣɞɛɨɺɾ ɪɭɛɬɭɝɩ ɢ ɞɛɹ Ɉɛ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɛ ɢɣɧɛ ɬɛɨɷɧɣ ɪɫɣʁɰɛɦɛ ɂɝɣɥ ɪɠɬ ɢɛ ɝɩɢɩɧ ɜʀɞɭɣ ɭɩ ɤ ɢɛ ɬɛɨɷɧɣ ɪɩɜʀɡɣɭɷ Ɍɝʀɭɣɭɷ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ɭɛ ɨɠ ɞɫʀɾ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ȼɩɞɛ ɰɦʀɜ ʁɬɭɷ ȿɩɜɫɠ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɟɩɞɦɺɟɛɤ ³ ɜɮɟɠɳ ɧɛɭɣ ɮɫɩɡɛɤ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ȱɏ Ɉɩɢɫ ɭ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɶɨɦɭ ɫɬɢɥɿ ɉɪɣɬɮɝɛɭɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɬɠ ɴɩ ɾ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɨɛɬ ɂɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɩɪɣɬɮ ɧɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɾɧɩ ʀɨɳɣɧ ɦɹɟɺɧ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɨɩ ɮɺɝɣɭɣ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɧɣ ɪɩɜɛ ɲɣɦɣ Ƚ ɩɪɣɬʀ ɬɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɦɹɹɭɷ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɠ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɩɪɣ ɬɮɝɛɨɣɤ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭ ɲɣ ɺɝɣɴɠ Ƚ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɝ ɪɠɝɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɮ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɩɪɣɬ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɟɠɭɛɦɠɤ ɞɩɝɩɫɺɭɷ ɪɫɩ ʁɰɨʀ ɩɢɨɛɥɣ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɫɩɜɦɺɭɷ ɮɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɠɨɨɺ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ
ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɨ ɞɚɥɿ ɉɟɪɲɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ² ɨɩɢɫ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɢɳɚ ɜ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɿ ɞɪɭɝɢɣ ² ɭɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɢɫ ɡɿ ɡɝɚɞɤɨɸ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɛɟɡɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɬɚ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɹɤɿ ɜɠɢɬɿ ɚɛɨ ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɠɢɬɢ ɜ ɛɟɡɨɫɨɛɨɜɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ
ɇɠɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɬɨɣɭɷɬɺ ɬɭɫɛɳɨɣɤ ɬɩɨ ɨʀɜɣ ɝ ɰɛɭʀ ɝɡɠ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɜʀɦɣɤ ɫɛɨɩɥ« ɉɟɨɩɞɩ ɫɛɢɮ ɪɫɩɥɣɨɮɝɬɺ ɛ ɝ ɰɛɭʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɺɬɨʀɾ ɩɟ ɝʀɥɨɛ ɧ·ɺɥɠ ɜʀɦɠ ɬɺɾɝ ɱɠ Ɋɫɣɪɛɝ ɦɩɜɩɧ ɟɩ ɳɣɜɥɣ ³ ɜʀɦɩ ɨɛɟɝɩɫʀ ɛ ɨɠɜɩ ɲɩɫɨɠ ɛɨʀ ɢʀɫɩɲɥɣ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɛɨʀ ɪɫɩɬɝʀɭɥɮ ɰɩɲ ɧɛɦɩɞɩ Ɉʀ ɨɠ ɬɰɩɡɠ ɨɛ ɭɠ ɴɩɜ ɫɩɢɝɣɟɨɺɦɩɬɺ ɇɣ ɢ Ƚɛɬɣɦɺɧɣ ɝɡɠ ɪɫɣɧʀɭɣɦɣ ɴɩ ɨɠɜɩ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɩ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾ ɜɫɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɝʀɭɛɨɩɥ ɬɪɠɫɳɮ ɬɣɝʀɾ ɨɛɲɠ ɪɩ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɦɣɝɬɺ ɒɮɧɛɱɷɥɣɤ ɓɦɺɰ ɝʀɟ ɩɜɫʀɹ ɟɩ ɩɜɫʀɹ ɍɫɩɰɣ ɪɠɫɠɞɩɟɩɧ ɮɞɛɟɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɟ ɬɭɠ ɪɩɧ ɨɠɬɧʀɦɣɝɛ ɭɣɰɛ ɪɫɩɬɣɨɷ ʀ ɭɩɟʀ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɥɮɴɣɥ ɪɫɣ ɟɩɫɩɢʀ ɝɣɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɟɛɦɠɥɮ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ« Ȼ ɝɬɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ʀ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥɛ ɟɛɝɨɺ ɫɛɟʀɬɭɷ ɦɩɬɥɩɭɨɮɦɛ ɧɠɨʀ ɝ ɞɩɫɦʀ ɢɨɛɟɝɩɫɮ ɮ ɝʀɥɨɩ ɢɛɢɣ ɫɛɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɬɨʀɞ Ƚʀɨ ɪɫɣɤɳɩɝ ɩɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ʀ ɝɣɟɛɝ ɬɺ ɧɠɨʀ ɟɩɬɝʀɭɥɩɧ« Ɋɩɞɛɨɩ ɜɠɢ ɞɩɟɣɨɨɣɥɛ ɱʀɦɮ ɨʀɲ ɧɛɫɣɭɷɬɺ ɴɩ ɪɩɫɛ ɝɬɭɛɝɛɭɣ Ⱦɫɣɞʀɫ ɍɹ ɭɹɨɨɣɥ Ȱ Ⱦɛɪɲɣɨɬɷɥɛ
Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɬɨʀɞ
ȱȱ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɢ ɫɜɨɽ ɪɚɧɤɨɜɟ ɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɟɪɲɨɝɨ ɫɧɿɝɭ
Ɋʀɟɬɮɧɥɩɝɠ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɧɣ ´Ɍɪɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛµ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȒȓȐ·ȭȠȖȗ ǽȓȠȞȖȘȳȐ
ɌȽȲɍ ɈȻȽɅɋɎȾɃ ɚɥɣɤ ɭɩɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɴɩ ɟɩɝɥɩɦɛ ɨɛɬ" Ⱦɛɫɨɣɤ ɝʀɨ ɲɣ ɪɩɞɛɨɣɤ" ɂɛɫɛɢ ɢɣɧɛ ɨɛɟɝɩɫʀ ɐɩɦɩɟɨɩ Ȼɦɠ ɩɟɺɞɨɠɳɬɺ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɤ ɝɣɤɟɠɳ ɝɫɛɨɱʀ ɨɛɟɝʀɫ ³ ɺɥ ɜʀɦɩ ɺɥ ɲɣɬɭɩ ɟɩɝɥɩɦɛ Ȳɟɠɳ ³ ʀ ɬɨʀɞ ɫɣɪɣɭɷ ɪʀɟ ɨɩɞɛɧɣ ɢ ɟɠ ɫɠɝ ɨɛɲɠ ɥɛɢɥɩɝʀ ɞʀɫɦɺɨɟɣ ɢɝɣɬɛɾ ʀɨʀɤ ɮ ɪɩɝʀɭɫʀ ɧɠɫɠɰɭɺɭɷ ɟɫʀɜɨɠɬɠɨɷ ɥʀ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɠɝɣɟɣɧʀ ɬɨʀɡɣɨɥɣ Ⱦɩɫɩɜɱʀ ɨɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɰɩɦɩɟ ɢɞɫɛɤɥɩɹ ɪɠɫɠɪɮɫɰɮɹɭɷ ɢ ɥɮɴɛ ɨɛ ɥɮɴ Ɏ ɨɠɜʀ ɢɛɭɺɞɨɮɭɩɧɮ ɬʀɫɩɹ ɪɠɦɠɨɩɹ ɰɧɛɫ ɭɩ ɭɮɭ ɭɩ ɭɛɧ ɲɩɫɨɣɧɣ ɪɦɺɧɥɛɧɣ ɪɫɩɦʀɭɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɩɟɣɨɩɥʀ ɝɩɫɩɨɣ Ⱦɛɫɨɩ Ȼ ɪɫɣɤɟɠ ɝɠɬɨɛ ³ ɢɛɟɢɹɫɥɩɭɺɭɷ ɬɭɫɮɧɥɣ ɢ ɪʀɟ ɬɨʀɞɩɝɣɰ ɥɮɲɮɞɮɫ Ɉɛ ɞɩɫɜɩɲɥɛɰ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɩ ɢʀɤɟɠ ɬɨʀɞ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾ ɢɠɦɠɨʀɭɣ ɭɫɛɝɛ ɛ ɭɛɧ ɨɛɲɠ ɧɛɦʀ ɬɩɨɠɲɥɛ ɢɛɱɝʀɭɮɭɷ ɥɮɦɷɜɛɜɥɣ Ⱦʀɦɥɣ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɝɥɫɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɧɩɦɩɟɩɹ ɨʀɡɨɩɹ ɢɠɦɠɨɨɹ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɺɥɮ ɨʀɜɣ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɭɩɨɥɠ ɧɠɫɠɡɣɝɩ ɬɣɨʀɾ ɝɣɬɩɥɠ ɨɠɜɩ Ȼ ɭɛɧ ɟɣɝɣɬɺ ɝɣɳɨʀ ɲɠɫɠɳɨʀ ɢɛɥɮɭɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɨʀɜɣ ɭɮɧɛɨɩɧ ɜʀɦɣɧ ɫɛɟʀɬɨɣɧ ɱɝʀɭɩɧ Ɉɛɬɭɛɾ ɦʀɭɩ Ɏɬɠ ɢɠɦɠɨʀɾ ɜɮɺɾ ȿɩɬɭɣɞɛɹɭɷ ɬɮɨɣɱʀ ɝ ɦʀɬʀ ɪɩɦɮɨɣɱʀ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɩɟʀ ɲɠɫɠɳɨʀ ɝ ɬɛɟɮ Ƚɣɭɷɩɰɥɮɹɭɷ ɮ ɝɠɫɜɛɰ ɬɩɦɩɝ·ʁ ɴɠɜɠɲɮɭɷ ɨɛɟ ɪɩ ɦɠɧ ɡɛɤɝɩɫɩɨɥɣ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɛɡ ɪɠɲɠ ɛɦɠ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɴɩ ɨɠɪɩɟɛɦʀɥ ɾ ɫʀɲɥɛ ɚɥ ɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɬɭɫɣɜɨɮɭɣ ɝ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɨɮ ɝɩɟɮ ʀ ɪɦɣɝɭɣ ɢɜɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɥɫɮɞ ɬɠɜɠ ʀɬɥɫɣɬɭʀ ɜɫɣɢɥɣ Ȳɨɩɟʀ ɴɩɪɫɛɝɟɛ ɨɛɬɮɨɠ ɬɣɨɺ ɛɡ ɲɩɫɨɛ ɰɧɛɫɛ ɢɛɧɣɞɩ ɭɺɭɷ ɜɦɣɬɥɛɝɥɣ ɢɛɞɮɫɥɩɲɠ ɞɫʀɧ Ȼɦɠ ɢɦɣɝɛ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɧɣɨɛɾ ʀ ɭɩɟʀ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɬɭɛɾ ɭɛɥɠ ɬɝʀɡɠ ɴɩ ɟɣɰɛɾɳ ³ ɨɠ ɨɛɟɣɰɛɾɳɬɺ ɨɣɧ Ɋɫɠɥɫɛɬɨɛ ɤ ɩɬʀɨɷ ɥɩɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɝɛɞɣ ɞɨɮɭɷɬɺ ɞʀɦɥɣ ɺɜɦɮɨɷ ɞɮɪɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɞɫɮɳɥɣ ɲɠɫɝɩɨʀɹɭɷ ɺɞɩɟɣ ɥɛɦɣɨɣ Ɉɠɝɟɩɝɢʀ ɤ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɨɛ ɟɠɫɠɝɛɰ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾ ɨɛɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɜɛɫɝ ³ ɝʀɟ ɨʀɡɨɩ ɡɩɝɭɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɩ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩ ɞɩ Ȼ ɝɝɠɲɠɫʀ ɪɩɟɣɝʀɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɨʀɺɥɣɤ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɣɥ ɨɠ ɢɮɧʀɝ ɜɣ ɟʀɜɫɛɭɣ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɥɩɦɷɩɫʀɝ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɧʀɨɣɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɣɢɛɰʀɟɨɠ ɨɠɜɩ ɒɮɟɩɝɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɨɛɬ ɍɫɠɜɛ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɧʀɭɣ ɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɱɹ ɥɫɛɬɮ
246. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɉɟɬɪɢɤɨɜɭ ɨɩɨɜɿɞɶ Ɉɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɹɤɢɣɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɪɭ ɪɨɤɭ ɱɢ ɞɧɹ ɣ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɧɨ ɨɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɇɚɦɚɝɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɩɨɛɚɱɢɬɢ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɤɪɚɫɭ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
IJªÏÐÈÊÌÅÒÍÈÊ § 28.
Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤ ɹɤ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ
247. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ´ɏɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛµ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬ ɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ
248. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɿ ɫɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɛ ɴɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ ɺɥ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ʀ ɲɣɧ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɤ ɟɩ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛ ɜ ɨɛ ɺɥɠ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ ɏɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ
Ɋɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ
ɲɩɫɨʀɾ
ɲɩɫɨʀɹɲɣɤ
ɲɩɫɨɣɤ
ɪɩɬɩɦɣɝɳɣ
ɪɩɬɩɦɠɨɣɤ
ɬɩɦɩɨɣɤ
ɢɛɭɣɰɨɮɝ
ɢɛɭɣɰɦɣɤ
ɭɣɰɣɤ
Ɉɠɜɩ ɢɜʀɦʀɦɩ ɝʀɟ ɬɪɠɥɣ ʀ ɝɡɠ ɬɣɝʀɾ ɧɩɝ ɪɩɪɠɦʀɾ ³ Ɉɠɜɩ ɢɜʀɦʀɦɠ ɝʀɟ ɬɪɠɥɣ ɝɡɠ ɬɣɝʀɾ ɧɩɝ ɪɩɪɠɦʀɾ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ Ɉɛɟɝɠɲʀɫ ɪɩɧʀɭɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɞɩ ɫɣɢɩɨɭʀ ɥɩɫɛɜɠɦɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɦɠɟɷ ɜɩɝɝɛɨʀɝ ³ Ɉɛɟɝɠɲʀɫ ɪɩɧʀɭɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭʀ ɦɠɟɷ ɜɩɝɝɛɨʀɹɲɣɤ ɥɩɫɛɜɠɦɷ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ Ʌɩɨɣɥ ɢɛɞɮɜɣɝ ɬɫʀɜɨɮ ɪʀɟɥɩ ɝɮ ʀ ɝɩɨɛ ɪʀɝɧʀɬɺɱɠɧ ɝɪɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɢɜɣɭɣɤ ɪɩɫʀɞ ³ ɂɛɞɮɜɦɠɨɛ ɥɩɨɣɥɩɧ ɬɫʀɜɨɛ ɪʀɟɥɩɝɛ ɪʀɝɧʀɬɺɱɠɧ ɝɪɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɢɜɣɭɣɤ ɪɩɫʀɞ ȿ ɍɥɛɲ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ ɺɥ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
249. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɹɤɿ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɿ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɡ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɦ
ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛ ɑɣɯ ɫɩɝɣɤ ɥɩɟ
Ƚɣɟ
Ɋɛɬɣɝɨɣɤ ɲɣ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɣɤ
ɋʀɟ
Ƚʀɟɧʀɨɩɥ
ɒɣɬɦɩ
4
³
³
ɨɠɧɛ
³
³
ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ
ɪɛɬɣɝɨɣɤ ɪɠɫɠ ɰʀɟɨɠ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ
ɲɩɦɩɝʀɲɣɤ
Ɉ
ɩɟɨɣɨɛ
ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ
ɛɥɭɣɝɨɣɤ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɠ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ
ɡʀɨɩɲɣɤ
ɋ
ɧɨɩɡɣɨɛ
ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ
ɂɨ
ȿ
ɉɫ
ɇ
250. Ɂɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɣ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɨɡɧɚɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɭ ɞɿɽɸ ɬɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɨɡ ɧɚɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɭ ɞɿɽɸ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ
Ȼɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɪɫɛɱɹɹɲɣɤ ɪɠɨɬʀɩɨɠɫ ɪɠɨɬʀɩɨɠɫ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɫɛ ɱɹɾ ɦɠɡɛɲɣɤ ɥɛɧʀɨɷ ɥɛɧʀɨɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɪɩɞɛɬɦɠ ɝɩɞɨɣɴɠ ɝɩɞɨɣɴɠ ɺɥɠ ɬɛɧɩ ɪɩɞɛɬɦɩ Ɋɛɬɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɪʀɟɬɭɫɠɦɠɨɣɤ ɪɭɛɰ ɪɭɛɰ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɪʀɟ ɬɭɫɠɦɣɝ ɥɣɨɮɭɣɤ ɥɛɧʀɨɷ ɥɛɧʀɨɷ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɥɣɨɮɝ ɪɩɞɛɳɠɨɠ ɝɩɞɨɣɴɠ ɝɩɞɨɣɴɠ ɺɥɠ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɪɩɞɛɬɣɝ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ ³ ɱɠ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɟʀɹ ɤ ɩɢɨɛɥɮ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɛ ɢɛ ɱʀɾɹ ɟʀɾɹ ʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɺɥɣɤ" ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɺɥ ʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝɨʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɝɣɟ ɜɮ ɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɲɣ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɪɛɬɣɝɨɣɧɣ ɤ ɛɥɭɣɝ ɨɣɧɣ ɛ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɩ ɟɩ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɝʀɟɧʀɨ ɥɛɧɣ ɤ ɲɣɬɦɛɧɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
Ȼɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɩɢɨɛɥɮ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɛ ɢɮ ɧɩɝɦɠɨɮ ɟʀɾɹ ɭɩɞɩ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɛ Ɋɛɬɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɩɢɨɛɥɮ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɛ ɢɮɧɩɝ ɦɠɨɮ ɟʀɾɹ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɛ 251. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɱɢɦ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɿ ɞɨ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɚ ɱɢɦ ² ɞɨ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚ
Ɏ ɰɛɭʀ ɭɣɰɩ ɨʀɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɜɛɤɦɣɝɩ ɪɫɣɪɛɬɩɝɛɨʀ ɨɛ ɬɭʀɨɛɰ ɧɛɧɣɨʀ ɫɮɳ ɨɣɥɣ Ɉɛ ɪɩɥɮɭʀ ɪɫɣɥɫɣɭɣɤ ɟɩɧɩɫɩɜɨɩɹ ɬɥɛɭɠɫɭɣɨɩɹ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɮɝɛɝ ɟɩ ɢɛɬɭʀɦɦɺ ɺɬɠɨɩɝɣɤ ɬɭʀɦ ɢɧɛɤɬɭɫɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɜɛɭɷɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɫɮɥɛɧɣ ɋɛɪɭɩɧ ɧɠɨʀ ɢɛɥɩɫɭʀɦɩ ɪɩɧɛɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɉɟɳɮɥɛɝ ɨɛ ɪɩɥɮɭʀ ɢɛɬɩɰɦʀ ɛɥɝɛɫɠɦɷɨʀ ɯɛɫɜɣ ɨɛ ɧɩɲɣɝ ɮ ɬɥɦɺɨɩɲɱʀ ɪɠɨɢɦɣɥɛ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɞɩ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɫɮɲ ɢ ɥɩɭɺɲɩʁ ɳɠɫɬɭʀ ʀ ɝɣ ɤɳɩɝ ɨɛ ɪɩɟɝʀɫ·ɺ ɂ ɭɝ Ƚ Ɍɥɮɫɛɭʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ⱦɛɤ ɩɬɧʀɰɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɩɬ ɭɛɨɨʀɧ ɪɫɩɧʀɨɨɺɧ ɢɛɰɩɟɺɲɩɞɩ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɂɟɛɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɦʀɬ ɮɡɠ ɟɫʀɧɛɝ ɢɛɬɣɪiɝ ʀ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɬɩɨ ɟɣɝɣɝɬɺ ɢ ɞɩɫɣ ɩɬɝʀɲɠɨɣɧɣ ɝɠɫɰɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟɺɲɠ ɨɛɟ ȼɩɞɮɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɬɩɨɱɠ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ
Ɍɥɫɣɝɦɠɨɣɤ ɳɮɥɛɹɲɣɤ ɢɧɛɦɷɩɝɮɝɛɨɣɤ ɪɫɩɞʀɫɥɦɣɤ ɝɣɰɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɩɰɦɺ ɦɣɤ ɦɠɡɛɲɣɤ ɢɨɛɹɲɣɤ ɬɭɣɬɨɠɨɣɤ ɢɛɬɥɩɫɮɢɦɣɤ ɧʀɱɨʀɹɲɣɤ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ Ʌ Ʉɨɫɬɟɧɤɨ ´Ȳ ɬɥɛ ɡɠ ɬɝʀɭ ³ ɍɣ µ. ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɂɨɛɹɲɣɤ ɨɛɦɣɪɦɣɤ ɢɬɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɢɲɩɫɨʀɦɣɤ ɟɩɩɪɫɛɱɷɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɟɮɧɛɹɲɣɤ ɩɡɣɝɛɹɲɣɤ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨɣɤ ɟɣɧɦɺɲɣɤ ɢɨɠɦɹɟɨʀɦɣɤ ɩɱɣɨɥɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɛ ɨɣɤ ɟʀɹɲɣɤ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ Ɍ ɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɚ ´Ɉɠ ɞɫʀɾ µ. 254. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɫɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɣ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɜɢɞ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ ɬɚɛ ɥɢɰɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮµ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɬʀɤ ³ ).
Ɉɠɟʀɦɺ ³ ɺɥ ɨɛ ɢɛɧɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ Ɍɩɨɺɲɨɛ ɤ ɭɣɰɛ ɰɩɲ ɧɛɥ ɬʀɤ ȼɛɜɮɬɺ ɢɩɟɺɞɦɣɬɺ ɪɩ ɬɝɺɭɥɩɝɩɧɮ Ɉɛ ɨɣɰ ɬɩɫɩɲɥɛ ɝɣɳɣɭɛ ɟɛɝɨʀɧ ɪɩɦʀɬɷ ɥɣɧ ɮɢɩɫɩɧ ɫɺɬɨɛ ɮ ɢɜʀɫɥɣ ɬɪʀɟɨɣɱɺ ɢ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɨɛɳɣɭɣɧɣ ɢʀɬɪɩɟɮ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɝɣ ɧɣ ɩɥɫɛɤɥɛɧɣ Ɉɛ ɞɩɦɩɝʀ ɴɠ ɨɩɝɠɨɷɥɛ ɨʀ ɫɛɢɮ ɨɠ ɨɩɳɠɨɛ ɰɮɬɭɣɨɛ ³ Ȼ ɭɣ ɲɩɞɩ ɥɮɜɦɣɳɬɺ" ³ ɬɠɫɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɢɣɫɛɹɲɣ ɮ ɝʀɥɩɨɱɠ ³ ɉɨ ʀ ɟʀɟ ɍɛɫɛɬ ɮɡɠ ɤɟɠ ɂɩɟɺɞɛɤɬɺ ɳɝɣɟɳɠ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ ɺɥ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
ɚ ɰɮɭɠɨɷɥɩ ɝɣɭɺɞɛɹ ɢʀ ɬɥɫɣɨʀ ɪɫɛɢɨɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɥɩɬɭɹɧɲɣɥɛ ʀ ɬɩɫɩɲɥɮ Ƚɩɨɣ ɪɛɰɨɮɭɷ ɫɮɭɩɹ ɧ·ɺɭɩɹ ɔɩɫɩɥɮ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɩ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɞɩɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɝʀɭɣ ɜɛɜɮ ɬɺ ɨɛɪɛɥɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɪɫɣɬɥɫɣɨɩɥ ɪɛɰɮɲɣɧ ɢʀɦɦɺɧ Ƚʀɟ ɭɩɞɩ ɩɟɺɞ ɨɛɳ ɧɛɾ ɬɝʀɡɣɤ ɢɛɪɛɰ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɢɛɲʀɪɛɾ ɧʀɦɷ Ƚ Ɍɥɮɫɛɭʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸ ɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛµ Ʌɩɦɣ Ȼɨɟɫʀɤ Ƚɩɦɣɥ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɝ ɪɩɝɢ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɤ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ ɪɩɞɩɫʀɦɩʁ ɬɛɰɛɫɨʀ ɢʀ ɬɭʀɨ ɫɮʁɨɣ ɢ ɞɛɦɛɬɩɧ ɢɨɺɦɩɬɷ ɝɩɫɩɨɨɺ ɛ ɝɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɮ ɢ ɦɮɬɥɩɭɩɧ ɪɩɬɣɪɛɦɣɬɷ ɭɣɨɷɥ ʀ ɱɠɞɦɛ ɐɩɲ ɬɛɰɛɫɨɺ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɝɡɠ ɢɛɥɣɨɠɨɛ ɫɩɢɬ ɪɛɦɛɬɺ ʀ ɢɛɫɩɬɦɛ ɭɫɛ ɝɩɹ ɝ ɪɩɫɩɡɨʀɰ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɛɰ ʁʁ ɫɛɢ ɮ ɫɛɢ ɝɲɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɳɮɧ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɞɩɧʀɨ ɧɛɳɣɨ ʀ ɫɩɜʀɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɦɣɳɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɭɛɫɩɧɮ ɡɣɭɦʀ ɇɣɨɛɹɲɣ ɥɮɪɣ ɜɣɭɩʁ ɱɠɞɦɣ ɜʀɦʀ ɪɦɺɧɣ ɝɛɪɨɛ ɨɛɪʀɝɪɫɣɥɫɣɭʀ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɧɣ ɜɮɫ·ɺɨɛɧɣ ɞɨɣɦʀ ɭɫɮɰɦɺɝʀ ɡɩɦɩɜɣ ʀ ɲɩɫɨʀ ɟʀɫɣ ³ ɝʀɥɨɛ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɴɩɬɷ ɝɣɞɦɺɟɛɦɩ ³ Ȼɨɟɫʀɤ ɢɞɛɟɮɝɛɝ ɥɩ ɦɣɳɨɾ ɚɥɛ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɳɣɨɛ ɴɩ ɜɦɣɴɛɦɛ ɢ ɭɫɛɝɣ ɧɩɝ ɪɦɛɢɮɹɲɛ ɞɛɟɹɥɛ ɛɜɩ ɲɛɝɮɨɨɠ ɥɩɦɠɬɩ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ ɢɛɞɫɮɢɦɠ ɝ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɲʀ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɮ ɳɮɧɦɣɝɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɯɛɜɫɣɥɣ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ
ȱȱ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɹɤɭɫɶ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɬɭ ɱɢ ɡɪɭɣɧɨɜɚɧɭ ɛɭɞɿɜɥɸ ɪɨɡɞɢɜɿɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɣ ɨɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀʀ Ɇɨɠɟɬɟ ɜɠɢɜɚɬɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɢɛɜɮɭɣɤ ɢɛɨɠɟɜɛɨɣɤ ɢɫɮɤɨɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɫɩɢ ɝɛɦɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɭɫɩɴɠɨɣɤ ɨɛɝɛɦɠɨɣɤ ɥɮɪɛɧɣ ɫɩɢɥɣɟɛɨɣɤ ɪɩɝɣɭɣɤ ɬɧɮɭ ɥɩɧ ɢʀɞɨɣɦɣɤ ɬɪɩɫɩɰɨɺɝʀɦɣɤ ɢɛɫɩɬɦɣɤ ɭɩɴɩ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɍɫɩɾ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥʀɝ ɲɠɥɛɹɭɷ ɛɝɭɩɜɮɬɛ ɉɟɣɨ ³ ɮ ɪɦɛɴʀ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ³ ɮ ɢɣɧɩɝɩɧɮ ɪɛɦɷɭʀ ɭɫɠɭʀɤ ³ ɢɛɥɮɭɛɨɣɤ ɮ ɥɩɡɮɰ ɝɢɮɭɣɤ ɮ ɝɛɦɺɨɥɣ ɍɩɤ ɴɩ ɝ ɪɦɛɴʀ ɥɛɡɠ ɫɩɢɭɣɫɛɹɲɣ ɢɛɟɮɜʀɦʀ ɫɮɥɣ ³ Ɉɮ ɤ ɧɩɫɩɢ Ⱦɫɛɟɮɬʀɝ ɟɝɛɟɱɺɭɷ ɨɛɪɠɝɨɠ ³ ȿɝɛɟɱɺɭɷ ³ ɨɠ ɟɝɛɟɱɺɭɷ ³ ɥɛɡɠ ɭɩɤ ɴɩ ɝ ɪɛɦɷɭʀ ɰɮɥɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɢɧɠɫɢɦʀ ɪɛɦɷɱʀ ³ ɛ ɪ·ɺɭɨɛɟɱɺɭɷ ɜɮɟɠ ɒɩɦɩɝʀɥ ɮ ɥɩɡɮɬʀ ɮɬɧʀɰɨɮɝɬɺ ³ ɍɛ ɴɩ ɝɣ" Ɉɠ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɟɠɬɺɭɣ
ȱȱ ɉɨɦɿɪɤɭɣɬɟ ɝɭɪɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɰɿ ɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɞ ɬɢɦ ɱɨɦɭ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɥɸɞɢ ɬɟ ɫɚɦɟ ɫɩɪɢɣ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɿɧɤɨɥɢ ɩɨ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɭ ɇɚɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɡ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɜɿɞɭ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
257. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɫɬɿɣɤɿ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɥ ɨɛɧɛɦɷɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɝɫɩɟɦɣɝɣɤ ɜʀɡɣɭɷ ɺɥ ɪɩɬɩɦɠɨɣɤ ɟɮɡɠ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɜʀ ɡɣɭɷ ɬɭɛɝ ɺɥ ɮɥɩɪɛɨɣɤ ɬɭɛɝ ɨɠɫɮɰɩɧɩ ɜʀɞɛɾ ɺɥ ɩɳɪɛɫɠɨɣɤ ɜɠɢɦɛɟɨɩ ɧɠɭɮɳɣɭɷɬɺ ɩɪɮɬɭɣɝ ɥɫɣɦɛ ɺɥ ɩɜɬɥɮɜɛɨɛ ɥɮɫɥɛ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɝ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɹ ɢɛɬɮɧɮ ɝɛɝ ɺɥ ɧʀɳɥɩɧ ɢ ɢɛ ɫɩɞɮ ɪɫɣɜɣɭɣɤ ɪɫɣɳɠɦɠɪɥɮɝɛɭɣɤ
§ 29.
Ɍɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ
258. ȼ ɭɫɿɯ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɜɨɧɢ ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɿ ɜɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ² ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɱɢ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɱɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɰɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɥɩɞɩ" ɴɩ" Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ
ɂɛɭɣɰɛɹɲɣɤ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɢɛɭɣɰɛɾ ɪɦɛɝɛɹɲɛ ɥɫɣɡɣɨɛ ɥɫɣɡɣɨɛ ɪɦɛ ɝɛɾ ɪɛɦɛɹɲɠ ɝɩɞɨɣɴɠ ɝɩɞɨɣɴɠ ɪɛɦɛɾ ɪɩɫɮɧ·ɺɨʀɦɣɤ ɨɠɜɩɥɫɛɤ ɨɠɜɩɥɫɛɤ ɪɩɫɮɧ·ɺɨʀɝ ɢʀɝ·ɺɦɣɤ ɦɣɬɭɩɥ ɦɣɬɭɩɥ ɢʀɝ·ɺɝ ɢɛɭɣɰɦɣɤ ɦʀɬ ɦʀɬ ɢɛɭɣɰ
259. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɹɤ ɬɜɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ʀɯ ɳɟ ɿɧɨɞɿ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ Ɂɪɨ ɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ Ɉɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɭɺɡʀɭɣ ɨɠɬɭɣ ɦɠɡɛɭɣ ɬɣɟʀɭɣ
ɺ ɩɬɩɜɛ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ Ȼɥɭɣɝɨɣɤ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɭɺɡʀɹ ɭɷ ɨɠɬɮ ɭɷ ɦɠɡɛ ɭɷ ɬɣɟɺ ɭɷ
ɭɺɡʀɹ ɲɣɤ ɨɠɬɮ ɲɣɤ ɦɠɡɛ ɲɣɤ ɬɣɟɺ ɲɣɤ
260. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɹɤ ɬɜɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ʀɯ ɳɟ ɿɧɨɞɿ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ Ɉɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ
ɇɨɩɡɣɨɛ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ
Ȼɥɭɣɝɨɣɤ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ
ɪɩɡɩɝɭʀɭɣ ɩɪɛɬɭɣ ɢʀɝ·ɺɨɮɭɣ
ɪɩɡɩɝɭʀɦ ɣ ɩɪɛɦ ɣ ɢʀɝ·ɺɦ ɣ
ɪɩɡɩɝɭʀɦ ɣɤ ɩɪɛɦ ɣɤ ɢʀɝ·ɺɦ ɣɤ
ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ
261. ɍɫɧɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɣ ɞɨɤɨɧɚ ɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɟɩɬɭɣɞɛɹɲɣɤ ɿ ɟɩɬɭɣɞɦɣɤ, ɢɛɫɩɬɭɛɹɲɣɤ ɿ ɢɛɫɩɬɦɣɤ. Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢ ɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɪɿɞɤɨ
Ȼɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ʀ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɛɜɩ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ Ȼɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɯɩɫɧɣ ʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɢɛɧʀɨɩɹ ɥʀɨɱɠɝɩɞɩ ɭɷ ɨɛ ɲɣɤ Ȼɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɧɣ ɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɢɛɧʀɨɩɹ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝɨɩɞɩ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɩɝɣɧ ɢɛ ɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺɧ Ȼɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɟɩɬɭɣɞɦɣɤ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɝ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɧɩɝʀ ɛ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɛɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɟɩɬɭɣɞɛɹɲɣɤ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɫʀɟɥɩ ʁɰ ɨɛɳɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɮɨɣɥɛɾ 262. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɜɢɞ ɿ ɩɨ ɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ
ɂʀɞɨɮɝɳɣ ɦɣɬɨʀɹɲʀ ɳɣʁ ɪɫɩɬɥɛɥɛɦɣ ɦɩɳɛɭɛ ʀ ɢɨɣɥɦɣ ɢɛ ɝɠɫɜɛɧɣ ɇ ɋɮɟɠɨɥɩ ɒɛɬɩɧ ɭɠɧɨʀɳɛɦɩ ɝʀɟ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɦʀɭɛɹɲɣɰ ɰɧɛɫ ɛɦɠ ɺɥ ɳɝɣɟ ɥɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛɦʀɭɛɦɣ ɭɛɥ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɤ ɪɫɩɨɩɬɣɦɣɬɷ ə ɚɨɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɓɠɦɠɬɭɩɧ ɩɪɛɟɛɹɲɩɞɩ ɦɣɬɭɮ ɢʀɭɰɛɾ ɦʀɬɩɝɛ ɬɭɠɡɥɛ ɇ Ɍɭɠɦɷɧɛɰ Ɋɩɧʀɡ ɢʀɝ·ɺɦɣɧ ɪɩɦɣɨɩɧ ɪɩ ɥɣɦɣɧɛɰ ɪɩɡɩɝɥɦɩʁ ɱʀɦɣɨɨɩʁ ɭɫɛɝɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɞɩɫɜɣ ɢɝɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɤ ɜɣɭɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ Ȳɝɛɨ Ɇɠ ɇɣ ɮɡɠ ɬɭɩʁɧɩ ɨɛ ɪɩɫʀ ɺɥ ɟɩɬɭɣɞɦʀ ɪɦɩ ɟɣ ɺɥ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɨɛɜɫɺɥɦɩɞɩ ɬɛɟɮ ɩɜɝɛɡɨʀɦʀ ɝʀɟ ɟɮɧ Ɇ Ɋɠɫɝɩɧɛɤɬɷɥɣɤ
ȱ ɍɬɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɮɲ ɣɤ ɡ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɛɲ ɣɤ) Ʌɩɦɩɭɣ ɢɜʀɞɛɭɣ ɬɝɣɬɭʀɭɣ ɟɡɠɫɥɩɭʀɭɣ ɬɩɥɩɭɛɭɣ ɢɝ·ɺɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɣɟʀɭɣ ɬɭɩɺ ɭɣ ɝ·ɺɨɮɭɣ ɮɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɬɥɛɥɛɭɣ ɬɭɫɣɧʀɭɣ ɝʀɫɣɭɣ ɭɣɰɨɮɭɣ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɟɪɲɨʀ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ȿɪɧɟɫɬɚ ɏɟɦɿɧɝɭɟɹ ´Ʌɩɡɨɣɤ ɰɭɩ ɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɪɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɧɛɾ ɬɝɩʁ µ ȱ ɍɬɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ
Ɋɫɩɬɺɥɨɮɭɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɨɮɭɣ ɢɨɣɥɛɭɣ ɝɠɬɭɣ ɩɜɝɛɡɨʀɭɣ ʀɬɥɫɣɭɣ ɬɦʀɪɣɭɣ ɝɣ ɞɩɫʀɭɣ ɬɭɣɰɨɮɭɣ ɬʀɫʀɭɣ ɩɟɮɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɣɟɮɡɛɭɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɭ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɿ ɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɚ ȿɩɿɤɬɟɬɚ ´ɒɩɞɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɲɣɨɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɮ ɟɮɧɥɛɰµ. 265*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɭ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɠɤɚɯ ɡɚɦɿɧɿɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɉɬʀɨɷ ɝɡɠ ɪɫɣɬɣɪɛɦɛ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɢɩɦɩɭɩɹ ɪɩɫɩɳɠɹ ɩɪɛɬɭɣ ɦɣɬɭɺ Ƚ Ʌɮ ɲɠɫ ɇɫʀɹɭɷ ɮ ɭɫɠɧɭʀɭɣ ɧɛɫɠɝʀ ɟɛɦɠɥʀ ɬɠɦɛ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ ɍɹɭɹɨɨɣɥ ɍɠɧɨɛɺ ɟʀɜɫɩɝɛ ɬɭɣɰɦɛ ʀ ɧɩɝɲɣɭɷ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɪɩɡɩɝɭʀɭɣ ɢ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɦɠɭɣɭɷ ɚ ɔɩɞɩɦʀɝ ɍɣɰɣɤ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɩɜɬɣɪɛɝ ɩɪɛɟɛɭɣ ɦɣɬɭɩɧ ɫɩɡ ʀ ɜɮɢɥɮ ɞɩɦʀɝɥɮ ɟɣɭɣɨɣ ɭɛ ɩɟɠɡɮ ɧɛɭɠɫʀ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ Ƚʀɭɠɫ ɞɮɦɺɾ ɪɩɦɺɧɣ ɢɧɩ ɥɫʀɭɣ ɨɠɞʀɟɷ** ɭɮɧɛɨɣ ɨɠɬɠ ȼ Ⱦɫʀɨɲɠɨɥɩ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ
Ʌɩɦɣ ɺ ɟɣɝɦɹɬɷ ɨɛ ɰɧɛɫɣ ɭʀ ɟʀɭɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ʀ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɴɩ ɢɨɺɝɳɣɬɷ ɝɣɬɩɥɩ ɝɬɠ ɝɣɴɠ ʀ ɝɣɴɠ ɧɛɨɟɫɮɹɭɷ ɜɦɛɥɣɭɨɣɧ ɳɦɺɰɩɧ ³ ɧɠɨʀ ɢɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɴɩ ɜɛɲɮ ɟɮɳɮ ɪɩɠɭɛ ɚ ɝɪʀɢɨɛɹ ʁʁ ɉɨ ɪɦɣɝɠ ɲɣɬɭɛ ʀ ɜʀɦɛ ɬɪɫɛɞɦɛ ɨɠɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɥɩɳʀɝ ɪɫɩɢɩɫɛ ʀ ɦɠɞɥɛ ɢ ɢɩɦɩɭɣɧ ɮɬɧʀɰɩɧ ɨɛ ɫɩɡɠɝɣɰ ɮɬɭɛɰ ɭɫɠɧɭɺɲɛ ɜɛɡɛɨɨɺɧ ɪʀɬɨʀ ɚ ɢɨɛɹ ʁʁ Ƚɩɨɛ Ɉɠɬɪɩɥʀɤɨɛ ɝɬɺ ɨɛɬɣɲɠɨɛ ɝɩɞɨɠɧ ɝɬɺ ɪɛɦɛɹɲɛ ɝɠɦɣ ɥɣɧ ʀ ɪɫɛɝɠɟɨɣɧ ɞɨʀɝɩɧ ɇɲɣɭɷɬɺ ɳɛɦɠɨɩ ɪɩ ɨɠɜɮ ʀ ɪʀɟɞɛɨɺɾ ɦʀɨɣɝɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɢɩɦɩɭɩɹ ɫʀɢɥɩɹ Ƚɪɠɫɠɟ ɝɪɠɫɠɟ ɳɝɣɟɳɠ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɨɠɹ ɚ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɹ ʁʁ Ƚʀɲɨɩ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɛ ɝʀɲɨɩ ɳɮɥɛɹɲɛ ɢ ɝʀɲɨɣɧ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺɧ ³ ɨɛɴɩ" ɟɩ ɲɩɞɩ" ³ ɝɩɨɛ ɬɪɮɬɭɣɦɛ ɬʀɫʀ ɥɫɣɦɛ ɨɛɟ ɢɠɧɦɠɹ ɴɩɜ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɟɥɩ ɬɩɨ ɱɺ ɴɩɜ ɪɩɭɩɪɛɦɛ ɝ ɭʀɨɺɰ ɢɠɧɦɺ ʀ ɬʀɾ ɟɫʀɜɨɮ ɧɫɺɥɮ ɬɮɧɮ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ
Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɠɤɢɛɡ
ȱȱ ɉɨɦɿɪɤɭɣɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɬɢɦ ɹɤɭ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɛɚɱɢɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɢɤ ɦɿɠ ɯɦɚɪɚɦɢ ɿ ɞɭ ɲɟɸ ɩɨɟɬɚ əɤɢɦ ɜɢ ɭɹɜɥɹɽɬɟ ɩɨɟɬɚ ɿ ɜɡɚɝɚɥɿ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ" ɉɨɞɿɥɿɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɨʀɦɢ ɦɿɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɰɿ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɛɬɣɝɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ
267. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɤɪɢɥɚɬɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ Ʌɛʁɨɩɝɛ ɪɠɲɛɭɷ ɮ ȼʀɜɦʀʁ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɝɜɣɝɬɭɝɩ ɨɛ ɢɠɧ ɦʀ Ʌɛʁɨ ɮɜɣɝ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɧɠɨɳɩɞɩ ɜɫɛɭɛ Ȼɝɠɦɺ ʀ ȼɩɞ ɢɛɭɛɝɫɮɝɛɝ ɮɜɣɝɱɹ Ƚɛ ɝɣɦɩɨɬɷɥɠ ɬɭɩɝɪɩɭɝɩɫʀɨɨɺ ɺɥ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ȼʀɜɦʀʁ ɦɹɟɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɜɮɟɮ ɝɛɭɣ ɮ Ƚɛɝɣɦɩɨʀ ɝɠɡɮ ɴɩɜ ɟʀɬɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɠɜɛ ɛɜɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɪɠɫɠɳɥɩɟɣɭɣ ȼɩɞ ɢɧʀɳɛɝ ʁɧ ɧɩɝɣ ʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɠɫɠɬɭɛɦɣ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɩɟɨɠ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɢɲɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɜɠɢɦɛɟ ɧɠɭɮɳɨɺ ɞɛɫɧɣɟɠɫ ɇɛɨɨɛ ɨɠɜɠɬɨɛ ɢɛ ȼʀɜɦʀɾɹ ɥɩɦɣ ɇɩɤɬɠɤ ɝɣɝɩɟɣɝ ɾɝɫɠɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɢ ɾɞɣɪɠɭɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɠɝɩɦʀ ɭɩ ɝ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ȼɩɞ ɴɩɜ ɮɭʀɥɛɲʀ ɨɠ ɢɛ ɞɣɨɮɦɣ ɢ ɞɩɦɩɟɮ ɪɩɬɣɦɛɝ ʁɧ ɢ ɨɠɜɛ ʁɡɮ ´ɲɠɥɛɭɣ ɧɛɨɨɣ ɨɠɜɠɬɨɩʁµ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ´ɪɛɬɣɝɨɩ ɲɠɥɛɭɣ ɺɥɩɞɩɬɷ ɟɣɝɛµ
§ 30.
Ɍɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ
268. ȼ ɭɫɿɯ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɜɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɞɿɽ ɫɥɿɜ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ² ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɱɢ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɢɯ ² ɿ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɜɨɧɢ ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ
ɂɩɫɛɨɠ ɪɩɦɠ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɢɩɫɛɝ ɪɩɦɠ ɝɣɧɩɴɠɨɛ ɟɩɫɩɞɛ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɝɣɧɩɬɭɣɝ ɟɩɫɩ ɞɮ ɢʀɫɝɛɨɛ ɥɝʀɭɥɛ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɢʀɫɝɛɝ ɥɝʀɭɥɮ ɪɩɧɣɭɛ ɲɛɳɥɛ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɪɩɧɣɝ ɲɛɳ ɥɮ ɮɺɝɦɹɝɛɨɛ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɛ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɮɺɝɦɺɾ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɮ
269. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɹɤ ɬɜɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɜɿɞ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɧɚ ɛ ɋɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɣɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɉɬɨɩɝɛ ʀɨɯʀɨʀɭɣɝɛ
Ɋɛɬɣɝɨɣɤ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ
ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɛ ɭɣ
ɢ·ɺɬɮɝɛ ɭɣ
ɝɣɧɫʀɺ ɭɣ
ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɛ ɨɣɤ ɢ·ɺɬɩɝɛ ɨɣɤ ɝɣɧɫʀɺ ɨɣɤ
270. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɹɤ ɬɜɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɜɿɞ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɛɟɡ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨ ɝɨ ɛ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɿɧɮɿɧɿɬɢɜɚ ɋɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɣɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɉɬɨɩɝɛ ʀɨɯʀɨʀɭɣɝɛ
ɉɬɨɩɝɛ ʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ
Ɋɛɬɣɝɨɣɤ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ
ɢɛɪɫɩɬɣ ɭɣ
ɢɧɩɦɩ ɭɣ
ɢɛɪɫɺɞ ɭɣ
ɝɠɬ ɭɣ
ɪɩɬɛɟɣ ɭɣ
ɝ·ʁɢɟɣ ɭɣ
ɢɛɪɫɩɳ ɮ ɢɧɠɦ ɹ ɢɛɪɫɺɡ ɮ ɝɠɟ ɮ ɪɩɬɛɟɡ ɮ ɝ·ʁɡɟɡ ɮ
ɢɛɪɫɩɳ ɠɨɣɤ ɢɧɠɦ ɠɨɣɤ ɢɛɪɫɺɡ ɠɨɣɤ ɝɠɟ ɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɬɛɟɡ ɠɨɣɤ ɝ·ʁɡɟɡ ɠɨɣɤ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
271. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɹɤ ɳɟ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɢɬɢɫɹ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɜɿɞ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɡ ɨɫɧɨ ɜɨɸ ɧɚ ɨɮ , ɩ ɬɚ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɉɬɨɩɝɛ ʀɨɯʀɨʀɭɣɝɛ
Ɋɛɬɣɝɨɣɤ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ
ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮ ɭɣ
ɥɩɦɩ ɭɣ
ɬɭɠɫ ɭɣ
ɫɩɢɜɣ ɭɣ
ɫɩɢɝɣɨ ɠɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮ ɭɣɤ ɥɩɦ ɠɨɣɤ ɥɩɦɩ ɭɣɤ ɬɭɠɫ ɭɣɤ ɫɩɢɜɣ ɭɣɤ
272. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɜɫɿ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢ ɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɱɢ ɩɨɞɜɨɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɨ ɭ ʀɯɧɿɯ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɚɯ
Ɋɛɬɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ Ƚɩɨɣ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɤ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ Ƚʀɟ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɢ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɹ ɨɛ ɛ ɪɛɬɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɭɝɩ ɫɺɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɟɛɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɟɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɣ ʀɨɯʀɨʀɭɣɝɛ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɛ ɨ ɣɤ ɂ Ƚʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɪɛɬɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɟɛ ɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɟɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɣ ʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɩɟɨɣɨɣ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɛ ɠɨ ɣɤ Ɏ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɬɮ ɯʀɥɬʀ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɣɳɠɭɷɬɺ ɜɮɥɝɛ ɠ Ƚʀɟ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɢ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɹ ɨɛ ɨɮ ɩ ɭɛ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɪɛɬɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɭɝɩɫɣɭɣɬɺ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɟɩɟɛɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɟɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɣ ʀɨɯʀɨʀɭɣɝɛ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɛ ɭ ɣɤ Ɏ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɛɰ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɜɮɥɝɛ ɨ ɨɠ ɪɩɟɝɩɹɾɭɷɬɺ 273. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɪɲ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ
ɓɦɺɰɣ ɧɩʁ ɨɠ ɧʀɫɺɨʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɧɩʁ ɨɠ ɝɛɡɠɨʀ ɢɝʀɫʀ ɧɩʁ ɨɠ ɨɛɟɡɠɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɧɩʁ ɨɠ ɨɩɳɠɨʀ ɫɣɜɛ ɮ ʁɰ ɨɠ ɱʀɟɡɠɨɛ ɪɭɛɰɣ ɧɩʁ ɨɠ ɢɦɺɥɛɨʀ ɟʀɭɣ ɧɩʁ ɨɠ ɦʀɲɠɨʀ ɴɛɬɭɺ ɧɩɾ ɨɠ ɢɦɠɡɛɨɠ ɉɱɠ ɭɛɥɛ ɺ ɝ ɭɠɜɠ ɧɛɭʀɨɥɛ ɝ ɫɮɱʀ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɨʀɤ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɬɣɨɾɨɠɜɛɺ ɍ ɉɬɷɧɛɲɥɛ
ɍ ɉɬɷɧɛɲɥɛ ²
ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɛɬɣɝɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ
274. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɿ ɜɢɞ ɪɿɞ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɨɤ ɬɚ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ
Ɇʀɪɳɠ ɬɝʀɤ ɰɦʀɜ ɨɠɟɩɪɠɲɠɨɣɤ ɨʀɡ ɲɮɡɣɤ ɪɠɫɠɪɠɲɠɨɣɤ Ʌɩɦɣɬɷ ɥɩɝɜiɬɣ ʀ ɬɧɛɡɠɨʀ ɞɩɦɮɜɱʀ ɪɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɦʀɭɛɦɣ Ɋɫɛɝɟɛ Ɍɣɟɩɫɩɝɛ ³ ɥɣɬɠɦɠɧ ɧɦɣɨɱʀ ɪɩɧɛɢɛɨʀ ɨɛ ɪɛɫɥɛɨʀ ɬɮɳɛɭɷɬɺ ɍɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɬɭɫɣɡɠɨɠ ɛ ɝʀɨ ɭɩɜʀ ɥɩɳɠɨɠ ɂɛ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɜɣɭɩɞɩ ɟɝɩɰ ɨɠɜɣɭɣɰ ɟɛɹɭɷ
275. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ Ɂɚ ɝɚɞɤɢ ɜɿɞɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ
ɔɩ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɢ ɢɛɪɦɹɴɠɨɣɧɣ ɩɲɣɧɛ" Ɋɩɦɠ ɨɠ ɧʀɫɺɨɠ ɝʀɝɱʀ ɨɠ ɦʀɲɠɨʀ ɪɛɬɭɮɰ ɨɠ ɨɛɤɨɺɭɣɤ ɋɩɢɬɭɠɦɠɨɣɤ ɥɩɡɮɳɩɥ ɨɛ ɨʀɧ ɪɩɬʀɺɨɣɤ ɞɩɫɩ ɳɩɥ Ɍɥɫɮɲɠɨɛ ɢɝ·ɺɢɛɨɛ ɪɩ ɪɩɟɝʀɫ·ɹ ɞɮɦɺɾ Ƚʀɟɞɛɟɥɣ ɧʀɭɦɛ ɨɠɜɩ ɢɩɫʀ ɭɛ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ɬɩɨ ɢɩɫɺɨɠ ɨɠɜɩ
ȱ ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɞ ɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɿɜ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɚ ɮɝ ɿ ɩɝ ɞɢɜ ȼɿɞ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɭɬɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɿɡ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɨɦ -ɩɝ ; ɿɡ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɮɝ- (-ɹɝ-) Ɏɭɠɪɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɢɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɬɥɫɮɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɟɫɮɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɫɛɬɮɝɛɭɣ ɮɝʀɫɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɢɛɥɛɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɩɱɣɨɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɜɮ ɟɮɝɛɭɣ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɥɿɜ ɩɟɪɲɨʀ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ ɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɟɬɚ ɏȱȱ ɫɬ ɇɿɡɚɦɿ ´Ɍɦɩɝɩ ɴɩ ɤɟɠ ɝʀɟ ɬɠɫɱɺ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɫɩɨɣɥɛɾ µ ȱ ȼɿɞ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɭɬɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɧɚɡɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɭ ɱɨ ɥɨɜɿɱɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɭ ɺɥɣɤ" ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɿɡ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɨɦ (ɛ)ɨ ɿɡ ɫɭɮɿɤ ɫɨɦ ɠɨ Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɡɚɦɿɧɭ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɚ ɮɝ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɩɝ ɉɢɨɛɧɠɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɩɬɨɛɬɭɣɭɣ ɢɝɛɜɣɭɣ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɨɠɫɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɪɠɫɠ ɟɣɭɣ ɩɜ·ʁɢɟɣɭɣ ɥɩɨɺ ɨɛɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɝɳɛɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɢɩɦɩɭɣɭɣ ɥɮɪɮɝɛɭɣ ɮɟɩɬ ɥɩɨɛɦɣɭɣ ɥɮɪɣɭɣ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɥɿɜ ɝɿɦɧɭ ´ȿɮɳɮ ɤ ɭʀɦɩ ɧɣ ɪɩɦɩɡɣɧ µ 278*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɇɟɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɭ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɠɤɚɯ ɡɚɦɿɧɿɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɋɭɮɿɤɫɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ əɤɿ ɱɟɪɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɝɨ ɥɨɫɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɢɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ"
Ɉɠɝɠɦɣɲɥɛ ȿɡɠɫɣɨɛ ɪɛɬʀɥɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɩɜɞɩɫɩɟɣɭɣ ɨɣɢɷɥɣɧ ɭɣɨɩɧ Ȳ Ɉɠ ɲɮɤ Ɇɠɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ Ɋɩɝɨʀ ɫɩɡɠɝʀ ɺɥ ɟʀɭɣ ɢɜɮɟɣɭɣ ɢʀ ɬɨɮ ɪɦɣɝɦɣ ɪɩ ɨɠɜʀ ɰɧɛɫɣɨɥɣ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɇɣ ɫɩɢɧʀɬɭɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɩɢʀ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɝɣɧɩɬ ɭɣɭɣ ɬɝʀɡɩɹ ɭɫɛɝɩɹ Ȼ ɓɣɺɨ Ƚʀɢ ɧ·ɺɥɩ ɪɩɥɩɭɣɝɬɺ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɝ·ʁɢɟɣɭɣ ɟɩɫɩɞɩɹ ɇ Ɍɭɠɦɷɧɛɰ Ȳ ɢɨɩɝ ɮ ɭɮɧɛɨʀ ɜɫɣɨʀɦɣ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɣ ɺɥ ɢɛ ɲɠɪɣɭɣ ɬɭɫɮɨɣ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɱɢ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ
ɇɩɭɫɺ ɬɭɩɺɦɛ ɪʀɟ ɰɛɭɩɹ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɜʀɦɩʁ ɬɭʀɨɣ Ƚɣɬɩɥɛ ɨɛ ɢɫʀɬɭ ɫʀɝɨɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɧ ɛɦɠ ɨɠ ɟɮɡɠ ɭɩɨɥɛ ɢ ɥɫɠɧɠɢɨɣɧɣ ɨɩɞɛɧɣ ɢ ɫɮɥɛɝɛɧɣ ɪɩɢɛɥɛɲɮɝɛɨɣɧɣ ɪɩ ɦʀɥɭʀ ɢ ɲɩɫɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɬɛɧɣ ɝɩɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɨʀɜɣ ɨɛɧɛɦɷɩɝɛɨɛ ɨɛ ɜʀɦʀɤ ɬɭʀɨʀ ɂɛɞɩɫʀɦɠ ɫɮɧ·ɺɨɠ ɦɣɱɠ ɴɠ ɝɣɫɛɢɨʀɳɠ ɧɛɦɹɝɛɦɩɬɷ ɢ ɲɩɫɨɣɧɣ ɭɩɨɥɣɧɣ ɜɫɩɝɛɧɣ ɢ ɭɠɧɨɣɧɣ ɜɦɣɬ ɥɮɲɣɧɣ ɺɥ ɭɠɫɠɨ ɩɜɦɣɭɣɤ ɟɩɴɠɧ ɩɲɣɧɛ Ƚ ɦɣɱʀ ɝ ɩɲɛɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɫɩɢɦɣɭɠ ɴɩɬɷ ɞɩɬɭɫɠ ɪɛɦɥɠ ɞɛɫɺɲɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɟɥɩ ɫɩɢɮɧ ɢ ɢɛɝɢɺɭɭɺɧ ʀ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɢ ɢɦʀɬɭɹ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɜɣɦɩ ɨɛ ɇɩɭɫɹ ɥɩɬɣɧ ɪɫɩɧʀɨɨɺɧ ɩɬɝʀɲɮɝɛɦɩ ʁʁ ɢ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɜɩɥɮ ɩɜɦɣɝɛɦɩ ɡɩɝ ɭɩɞɛɫɺɲɣɤ ɥʀɬɨɣɥ ɨɛ ɞɩɦɩɝʀ ɭɛ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɠ ɨɛɧɣɬɭɩ ɨɛ ɳɣʁ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ
Ȼ ȼɛɢɣɦɠɝɣɲ Ȳɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀɺ ɟɩ ɪɩɝʀɬɭʀ ´Ʌɛɤɟɛɳɠɝɛ ɬʀɧ·ɺµ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ
ȱȱ ɉɨɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ ɱɨɦɭ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɦɚɥɸɽ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ Ɇɨɬɪɿ ɧɚ ɬɥɿ ɛɿɥɨʀ ɫɬɿɧɢ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɚɧ ɬɨɧɿɦɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ
ȱȱȱ ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɭ ɭɪɢɜɤɚ ɚɛɨ ɡɚ ɰɢɦ ɡɪɚɡɤɨɦ ɨɩɢ ɲɿɬɶ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɡɧɚɣɨɦɨʀ ɜɚɦ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ Ɇɨɠɟɬɟ ɜɠɢɬɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɟɺɞɨɠɨɣɤ ɢɛɬɭɠɜɨɮɭɣɤ ɫɩɢɰɫɣɬɭɛɨɣɤ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɣɤ ɮɬɧʀɰɨɠɨɣɤ ɢɛɧɫʀɺɨɣɤ ɢɩɬɠɫɠ ɟɡɠɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɞɮɜɦɠɨɣɤ ɨɛɰɧɮɫɠɨɣɤ ɝɭɩɧɦɠɨɣɤ ɬɨɳɨ
280. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɤɪɢɥɚɬɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɉɜʀɭɩɝɛɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɱɠɤ ɜʀɜɦʀɤɨɣɤ ɝɣɬɦʀɝ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɤ ʀ ɴɠɟɫɣɤ ɩɧɫʀɺ ɨɣɤ ɥɫɛɤ Ɋɫɣɥɮɭɣɤ Ɋɫɩɧɠɭɠɤ ɢɛ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɩɹ ɧʀɯɩɦɩɞʀɾɹ ɜɩɞɣ ɪɫɣ ɥɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɩ ɬɥɠɦʀ Ɋɫɩɧɠɭɠɺ ɤ ɪɫɣɫɠɥɦɣ ɨɛ ɝʀɲɨʀ ɧɮɥɣ ɢɛ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɟɛɝ ɦɹɟɺɧ ɝɩɞɩɨɷ Ɍɦɛɝɛ ɭɩɜʀ ɥɠɬɛɫɹ ɪɫɣɫɠɲɠɨʀ ɨɛ ɬɧɠɫɭɷ ɝʀɭɛɹɭɷ ɭɠɜɠ ɭɛɥɣɧɣ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɫɛɜɣ ɞɦɛɟʀɛɭɩɫɣ ɤɟɮɲɣ ɨɛ ɬɧɠɫɭɷ ɝʀɭɛɦɣ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ɏɝʀɨɲɛɨɣɤ ɦɛɝɫɛɧɣ ɬɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨʀ ɞɫɠɥɣ ɮɝʀɨɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɝʀɨɥɩɧ ɢ ɦɛɝɫɩɝɣɰ ɞʀ ɦɩɥ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɱʀɝ ɦɛɮɫɠɛɭʀɝ
Ƚʀɟɧʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ
§ 31.
ȼɿɞɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ
281. Ɂɿɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚ ɡ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ
Ƚʀɟɧʀɨɥɣ
ɉɟɨɣɨɛ
ɇɨɩɡɣɨɛ
ɲɩɦɩɝʀɲɣɤ ɫʀɟ
ɡʀɨɩɲɣɤ ɫʀɟ
Ɉ
ɺɬɨɣɤ ɬɺɹɲɣɤ
ɺɬɨɛ ɬɺɹɲɛ
ɺɬɨʀ ɬɺɹɲʀ
ɋ
ɺɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɺɹɲɩɞɩ
ɺɬɨɩʁ ɬɺɹɲɩʁ
ɺɬɨɣɰ ɬɺɹɲɣɰ
ȿ
ɺɬɨɩɧɮ ɬɺɹɲɩɧɮ
ɺɬɨʀɤ ɬɺɹɲʀɤ
ɺɬɨɣɧ ɬɺɹɲɣɧ
ɂɨ
ɺɥ ɮ Ɉ ɛɜɩ ɋ
ɺɬɨɮ ɬɺɹɲɮ
ɺɥ ɮ Ɉ ɛɜɩ ɋ
ɉɫ
ɺɬɨɣɧ ɬɺɹɲɣɧ
ɺɬɨɩɹ ɬɺɹɲɩɹ
ɺɬɨɣɧɣ ɬɺɹɲɣɧɣ
ɇ
ɨɛ ɺɬɨɩɧɮ ɬɺɹɲɩɧɮ ɺɬɨʀɧ ɬɺɹɲʀɧ
ɨɛ ɺɬɨʀɤ ɬɺɹɲʀɤ
ɨɛ ɺɬɨɣɰ ɬɺɹɲɣɰ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɛɧɣ ɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɤ ɲɣɬ ɦɛɧɣ ɭɛɥ ɬɛɧɩ ɺɥ ʀ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɭɛɥʀ ɬɛɧʀ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ɺɥ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɭɝɠɫɟɩʁ ɞɫɮɪɣ 282. ɉɪɨɜɿɞɦɿɧɹɣɬɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɨ ɜ ɨɞɧɢɧɿ ɣ ɦɧɨɠɢɧɿ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɢɠɦɠɨʀɹɲɣɤ ɦɣɬ ɭɩɥ ɬɚ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɦɛ ɭɫɩɺɨɟɛ. 283*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ Ɋʀɬɨɺ ɧɩɺ ɝ ɨɠɝɧɣɫɛɹɲɣɤ ɬɣɦʀ ɝ ɧɩʁɧ ɬɠɫɱʀ ɺɬɨʀɾ ɡɣɝɠ Ȳ ɏɫɛɨɥɩ Ɍɪɦɠɬɥɣ ɪʀɬɨʀ ɤ ɬɧʀɰɮ ɭɩɨɮɭɷ ɝ ɫɩɢɥɩɦɣɬɛɨɣɤ ɫʀɱʀ ɇ ȼɛɡɛɨ ɓɠ ɦɠɬɭɩɧ ɩɪɛɟɛɹɲɣɤ ɦɣɬɭɮ ɢʀɭɰɛɾ ɦʀɬɩɝɛ ɬɭɠɡɥɛ ɇ Ɍɭɠɦɷɧɛɰ Ɉɛɪʀɝ ɪɫɩɢɩɫʀ ɡɩɝɭʀɹɲɣɤ ɭɛ ɲɠɫɝɩɨʀɹɲɣɤ ɥɠɭɺɞɣ ɬɩɦɩɟɥɩ ɟɫʀɧɛɹɭɷ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɦɛ ɪɛɭɩɞɩ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ȿɠɨɷ ʀ ɨʀɲ ɪɩɝɢ ɝɛɳ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ ɥɩɭɣɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɛ ɩɫɟɛ ɫɠɝɮɲɣɤ ɝɣɹɲɣɤ ɲɛɟɨɣɰ ɧɛɳɣɨ Ɋ ɂɛɞɫɠɜɠɦɷɨɣɤ
ȱ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɭ ɫɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɟ ɜ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɞɿɽ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɭ ɛɭɤɜɭ ʀ ɩɨɬɿɦ ² ɞɟ ɜɫɬɚ ɜɢɬɟ ɛɭɤɜɭ ɣ. ɂɨɠɧɛɞɛɹɲ ɤ ɪɫɣɫɩɟʀ ɮ ɢɠɦɠɨʀɹɲ ɤ ɟʀɜɫɩɝʀ ɢɨɣɥɛɹɲ ɤ ɝɣɟ ɬʀɫʀɹɲ ɰ ɬɣɦɮɠɭʀɝ ɭɫɠɧɭɺɲ ɫɮɥɣ ɪɩɝɢɮɲ ɤ ɞɛɟɹɱʀ ɪɩ ɝɜɣɭ ɤ ɟɩɫɩɢʀ ɩɲɣɴɮɹɲ ɤ ɢɛɬʀɜ ɲɩɫɨʀɹɲ ɧɣ ɪɦɺɧɛɧɣ ɮ ɥɣɪɦɺɲ ɤ ɬɧɩɦʀ ɮ ɬɭɩɺɲ ɤ ɝɩɟʀ ɢɞɛɬɛɹɲ ɤ ɟɠɨɷ ɥɩɦɹɲ ɧ ɟɫɩɭɩɧ ɨɛ ɝɣɬɺɲ ɧ ɧɩɬɭɮ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɶ ɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɉɬɥɛɫɛ Ɏɛɤɦɷɟɛ ´ɑɠ ɡɛɰɦɣɝɩ ɝɛɡɥɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɛ ³ µ ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸ ɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛµ ɧɚɩɪɢ ɤɥɚɞ ɢɛɪɛɦɠɨɣɤ ³ . Ɋɩ ɟɝɩɫɮ ɪɩɫɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫ ³ ɢɛɪɛɦɠɨɣɤ ɭɛ ɢɛɥɮɫɠɨɣɤ Ƚɣɪɫɺɞ ɥɩɨɺ ɢɛɭɺɞ ɪɦɮɞɛ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɝ ɪɩ ɟɝɩɫɮ ɪɫɣɜɣɫɛɹɲɣ ɝɬɠ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɟɛɦʀ ɪɩɭɺɞɨɮɝɬɺ ɤ ɬɭɛɝ ɥɩɦɩ ɭɣɨɮ Ɋɩɬɭɩɺɝ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɪɩɬɦɮɰɛɝ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ ɟɛɦʀ ɪʀɟɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ɤ ɬɰɣɦɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɭɣɨ ³ Ɋɛɨɛɬɠ Ʉɟɣ ɝɡɠ ɛ ɭɩ ɟʀɭɣ ɪɩɬɨɮɭɷ ɭɛ ɤ ɥɮɦʀɳ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɨɠ ³ ɞɮɥɨɮɦɛ ɢ ɪɩɫɩɞɛ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɱɺ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɪɩɧɛɦɮ ɪʀɟʀɤɳɦɛ ɟɩ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɛ ³ ɒɩɞɩ ɭɣ ɬɦɮɰɛɾɳ ɭɮɭ Ɋɛɨɛɬɠ" ³ ɪɫɣɝʀɭɨɩ ɤ ɱʀɥɛɝɩ ɬɪɣɭɛɦɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɥɮɭɛɹɲɣ ɪɦɠɲʀ ɝ ɰɮɬɭɥɮ ³ ɒɮɾɳ" ³ ɥɣɝɨɮɝ Ɋɛɨɛɬ ɞɩɦɩɝɩɹ ɝ ɭɩɤ ɜʀɥ ɟɠ ɢɛ ɺɫɩɧ ɧɛɨɺɲɣɝ ɪɛɨ ɬɷɥɣɤ ɞɮɬɭɣɤ ɬɛɟ ɩɜɨɠɬɠɨɣɤ ɧɠɫɠɡɛɨɣɧ ɭɛ ɧɛɦɷɩɝɛɨɣɧ ɳɭɛɰɠɭɩɧ ³ Ȼ ɴɩ" ³ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɪɫɣɬɦɮɰɛɭɣɬɷ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɱɺ ³ Ɍɩɦɩɝɠɤ ³ ɉ ɺ ɴɠ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɝɟɩɬɝʀɭɛ ɲɮɦɛ ³ ɪɫɩɧɩɝɣɦɛ ɡʀɨɥɛ ȿɛɦʀ ɬɰɣɦɣɦɛɬɷ ɨɛ ɭɣɨ ɪɩɫɮɲ ʀɢ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɩɧ ɴʀɦɷɨɩ ɪɫɣɭɮɦɣɦɛɬɷ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɪɦɠɲɠɧ ʀ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɬɦɮɰɛɭɣ ɂɫɛɢɮ ɢ ʁʁ ɩɜɦɣɲɲɺ ɬɪɦɣɝɦɣ ɧɩɝ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɢɧɣɭʀ ɰɛɭɨʀ ɨɠɝɬɣɪɮɴʀ ɥɦɩɪɩɭɣ ɛ ɝ ɩɲɛɰ ɢɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɜɮɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɭɮɫɜɩɭɣ ɢɛɬɺɺɦɩ ɨɛ ɰɝɣɦɣɨɮ ɴɩɬɷ ɟʀɝɩɲɠ ɡɛɫɭʀɝ ɦɣɝɠ Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɲɠɨɥɩ
ȱȱ Ɂɚ ɰɢɦ ɡɪɚɡɤɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɣɬɟ ɪɨɡɦɨɜɭ ɞɜɨɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɚ ɛɭɞɶ ɹɤɭ ɬɟɦɭ ɚɛɨ ɹɤɳɨ ɰɟ ɜɚɠɤɨ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɰɟɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɱɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɿɜ ɜɿɞ ʀɯɧɶɨ ɝɨ ɿɦɟɧɿ ɋɜɨɸ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɱɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
286. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɋʀɟɬɥɩɲɣɝ ɺɥ ɮɡɛɦɠɨɣɤ ɫʀɢɥɩ ɬɰɩɪɣɝɬɺ ɧɩɝɜɣ ɰɭɩ ɥɣɨɮɝ ɞɛɫɺɲɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɬɥɮ ɨɛ ɥɩɞɩɬɷ ɰɭɩ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɫɛɪɭɩɝɩ ɝʀɟɲɮɝ ɬɣɦɷɨɠ ɢɜɠɨɭɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɛɰɨɠ ɬɧɛɦɠɨɣɧ ɢɛɞɫɩɡɮɾ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɛ ɬɣɟʀɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɫɩɰɩɝʀɤ ɜɩɲɱʀ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɪʀɟ ɢɛɞɫɩɢɩɹ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɣ ɦɠɡɛɲɣɤ ɰɦʀɜ ɦɠɞɥɩ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɣɤ ɪɫɩɡɣɭɩɥ
Ƚʀɟɧʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ɏ Ʉɚɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɟɬɢɱɧɭ ɬɟɦɭ Ʌɛɢɥɛ ³ ɭɝʀɫ ɮ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɝɣɞɛɟɛɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɨɠ ɤɧɩɝʀɫɨʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ Ɏ ɥɛɢɥɛɰ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɟʀɺɭɣ ɺɥ ɦɹɟɣ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɭɩɴɩ Ɍɥɦɛɟɛɹɲɣ ɥɛɢɥɮ ɪɫɩ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɝɫɛɰɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɮɬɭɛɦɠɨɠ ɮɺɝ ɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ʁɰɨʀɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɦɣɬɣɱɺ ³ ɰɣɭɫɛ ɤ ɪʀɟɬɭɮɪɨɛ ɝɩɝɥ ³ ɰɣɡɣɤ ɞɫɮɜɣɤ ɝɠɟɧʀɟɷ ³ ɬɣɦɷɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɩɜɫɩɟɮɳɨɣɤ ɭɩɴɩ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɤɚɡɤɭ ɩɨɞɚɧɭ ɞɚɥɿ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɿɣ ɡɚɜ¶ɹɡɤɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɭ ɣ ɪɨɡɜ¶ɹɡ ɤɭ əɤ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɿɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ʀɯɧɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ"
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȒȓȟȭȠȖȗ ǺȖȣȎȗșȖȘȳȐ
ȼɉɋɌɎɅ Ȳ ɆɃɌ ɚɥɩɬɷ ɨɛɪɫɩɝɠɬɨʀ ɦɣɬ ɪɩɪɫɩɬɣɝɬɺ ɝ ɥɩɧʀɫɨɠ ɟɩ ɜɩɫɬɮɥɛ ³ Ƚɩɟɛ ɝ ɫʀɲɱʀ ɪɫɣɜɮɝɛɾ ɩɬɷ ɩɬɷ ɪʀɟɭɩɪɣɭɷ ɧɩɹ ɰɛɭɮ Ɉɛɧ ɜɣ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɠɫɠɬɣɟʀɭɣ ɟɩɥɣ ɝɩɟɛ ɬɪɛɟɠ ³ ɥɛɢɛɝ ɦɣɬ ³ Ȼ ɮ ɝɛɬ ɺ ɢɨɛɹ ɥʀɧɨɛɭ ɜɛ ɞɛɭɩ ³ Ɍɦɛɝɛ ȼɩɞɮ ɾ ɟɠ ɡɣɭɣ ɨɩɲɠɤ ɨɠɟɩɬɣɪiɝ ³ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɝɬɺ ³ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɝ ɜɩɫɬɮɥ ³ ɍɛ ɤ ɧɣ ɡ ɬɮɬʀɟɣ ɭɩ ɺɥ ɨɠ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɭɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɔɠ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɭɛɥɣ ɟɨɺ ɦɣɬ ʀɢ ɦɣɬɣɱɠɹ ɪɠɫɠɜɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɜɩɫɬɮɥɩɝɩʁ ɰɛɭɣ Ȼ ɝɡɠ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɟɨʀɝ ɦɣɬɣɱɺ ɬɥɛɫɡɣɦɛɬɺ ɬɩɫɩɱʀ ³ ɍɩɤ ɜɩɫɬɮɥ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɲɠɫɬɭɝɣɤ ɨɠɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɣɤ ɚ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɪɫɣ ɨɛɟʀʁ ɧɠɨʀ ɬɪɩɥʀɤ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɠɨ Ȼ ɝʀɨ ɱʀɦɣɧɣ ɨɩɲɛɧɣ ɭɩɝɲɠɭɷɬɺ ɴɩɬɷ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɮɾ ɝɬɠ ɪɫɣɜɣɫɛɾ Ȳ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɞɛɝɥɛɭɣ ɪɩ ɨɛɳɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɝɧʀɾ ɛ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɰɫɹɥɛɾ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɪɛɫɮ ɭɣɡɨʀɝ ɩɜɮɫɹɝɛɝɬɺ ɦɣɬ ³ ȼɩɫɬɮɥ ɥɛɡɠ ɴɩɜ ɧɣ ɝɣɜɣɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɜɩ ɧɩɝɦɺɝ ʀ ɝ ɫʀɲɱʀ ɝɩɟɛ ɬɪɛɦɛ ʀ ɧɣ ɜɫɮɟɨɣɧɩ ɤɩɧɮ ɰɛɭɮ ʀ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɪ·ɺɭɠɫɩ ɜɩɫɬɮɲɠɨɺɭ Ȼ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝ ɨɛɬ ɾ ɦɣɬɠɨɺɭɛ ɤɩɧɮ ɜɛɤɟɮɡɠ ɑɠ ɪɩɫɮɳɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɛɝ ɡɣɝɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɭɣ Ȼ ɴɠ ɟɠɬɷ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ɜɩɫɬɮɥ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɝ ʀɨɳɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɱʀ
287. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɢɤɨɜɭ ɤɚɡɤɭ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɣ ɜɢ ɫɤɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɚɡɤɭ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɹɤ ɳɭɤɚ ɩɨɫɟɥɢɥɚɫɹ ɭ ɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɪɚɫɿɜ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
§ 32.
Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɢɣ ɡɜɨɪɨɬ
288. ɍ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɨ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɲɪɢɮɬɨɦ ɉɪɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɣɬɟ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɣ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɣɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɳɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤ ɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɢɣ ɡɜɨɪɨɬ əɤɢɦ ɱɥɟɧɨɦ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɽ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɢɣ ɡɜɨɪɨɬ"
Ɍɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɞɦɺɨɠɳ ³ ɝɣɦɣɬɥɮɹɭɷ ɫɩɢɞɩɤɟɛɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɩɧ ɰɦʀɜɛ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ Ɇɮɞ ɩɫɩɳɠɨɣɤ ɟɩɴɠɧ ɬɺɾ ɧɣɞɩɭɣɭɷ ɩɞɨɠɧ Ɏ Ʌɫɛɝɲɠɨɥɩ ɉɲɧɛ ɨʀɦʀ ɝʀɟ ɭɠɪɦɛ ɞɩɫɩɜɱʀ ɦʀɢɮɭɷ ɪɫɺɧɩ ɪʀɟ ɨɩɞɣ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ ɍɹɭɹɨɨɣɥ
289. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɤɨɥɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɢɣ ɡɜɨɪɨɬ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɡ ɨɛɨɯ ɛɨɤɿɜ ɤɨɦɚɦɢ ɚ ɤɨɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɨɡɧɚɱɭɜɚɧɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɹɤɢɯ ɫɬɨɫɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɨ ɠɢɪɧɢɦ ɲɪɢɮɬɨɦ
Ʌɦɩɨɣɭɷɬɺ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɪɦɩɟɩɧ ɩɜɭɺɡɠɨɠ Ȳ ɏɫɛɨɥɩ ³ Ʌɦɩɨɣɭɷɬɺ ɩɜ ɭɺɡɠɨɠ ɪɦɩɟɩɧ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ Ⱦɩɫɣ ɩɬɫʀɜɦɠɨʀ ɧʀɬɺɱɠɧ ɜɦɣɴɛɭɷ ³ ɉɬɫʀɜɦɠɨʀ ɧʀɬɺɱɠɧ ɞɩɫɣ ɜɦɣɴɛɭɷ ɉ ɉɦɠɬɷ Ƚɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɜɠɫɠɞ ɩɪɩɝɣɭɣɤ ɪɫɩɢɩɫɣɧ ɭɮɧɛɨɩɧ ɧɫʀɝ ɮ ɟɛɦɠɲɣɨʀ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ ³ ɉɪɩɝɣɭɣɤ ɪɫɩɢɩɫɣɧ ɭɮɧɛɨɩɧ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɜɠɫɠɞ ɧɫʀɝ ɮ ɟɛɦɠɲɣɨʀ
290. ɍ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɩɿɞɦɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɞɨɤ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɱɨɦɭ ɬɭɬ ɞɿɽ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɧɟ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɨ ɤɨɦɚɦɢ Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɽ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ
ɐɛɭɛ ɪɩɬɣɪɛɨɛ ɢɠɦɠɨɩɹ ɪɛɰɮɲɩɹ ɭɫɛɝɩɹ ə ɚɨɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ Ƚɩɞɥɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɨɛɬɨɛɡɠɨɠ ɪɫɩɢɩɫɩɹ ɪɛɫɩɹ ɂ ɍɮɦɮɜ Ƚɮɦɣɱɺ ɝɣɧɩɴɠɨɛ ɥɛ ɧʀɨɨɺɧ ³ Ƚɮɦɣɱɺ ɝɣɧɩɴɠɨɛ ɥɛɧʀɨɨɺɧ ɪɩɝ ɦɛɬɺ ɝɞɩɫɮ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠ ɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɧɣ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɩɝɣɧ ɢɝɩɫɩɭɩɧ ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɢɝɩɫɩɭ ɮ ɫɠɲɠɨɨʀ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɾ ɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɺɥɣɤ" ɚɥɴɩ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɢɝɩɫɩɭ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɩɢɨɛɲɮɝɛɨɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɭɩ ɝʀɨ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɩɜɩɰ ɜɩɥʀɝ ɥɩɧɛɧɣ ɚɥɴɩ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭ ɨɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɢɝɩɫɩɭ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɩɢɨɛɲɮɝɛɨɣɧ ɬɦɩɝɩɧ ɭɩ ɝʀɨ ɥɩɧɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɚɥɴɩ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɾ ɪɫɣɬɮɟɥɩɧ ɭɩɟʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭ ɨɣɥ ʀɢ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɧɣ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɥɩɧɛɧɣ ɧʀɡ ɞɫɮɪɩɹ ɪʀɟɧɠɭɛ ʀ ɞɫɮɪɩɹ ɪɫɣɬɮɟɥɛ ɥɩɧɛ ɨɠ ɬɭɛɝɣɭɷɬɺ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɢɝɩɫɩɭ
291. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɪɲ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɢɣ ɡɜɨɪɨɬ Ƚɬɭɛɦɛ ɝɠɬɨɛ ɲɩɫɨɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ Ɍɩɨɨɮ ɫɩɢɜɮɟɣɦɛ Ɏɥɝʀɭɲɛɦɛ ʁʁ ɫɺɬɭɩɧ ȼɛɫɝʀɨɥɩɧ ɮɥɫɣɦɛ Ȳ ɨɛ ɪɩɦʀ ɡɛɤɝɩɫɩɨɩɥ Ɍɩɦɩɝɠɤɥɩ ɝ ɞɛʁ ɂɠɧɦɹ ɮɜɫɛɨɮ ɝɠɬɨɩɹ Ƚɫɛɨɱʀ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɛɹɭɷ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ
292. ɍ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɨɡ ɞɿɥɨɜɢɯ ɡɧɚɤɿɜ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɯ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɛɟɡ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɿɜ
ȿɫʀɧɛɾ ɟɩɫɩɞɛ ɨɠɜɩɧ ɮɥɫɣɭɛ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ Ȼɡ ɟɩ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɨɠɜɩɬɰɣɦɮ ɫɩɢɦɺɞɦɩɬɺ ɢɛɬɣɪɛɨɠ ɬɨʀɞɩɧ ɪɩɦɠ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ɋɩ ɢɛɬɭɣɞɦɣɰ ɝʀɟ ɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɣ ɞɩɫɜɛɰ ɪɠɫɠɦɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɜʀɦɣɧ ɧɩɫɠɧ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɭɮɧɛɨɣ Ⱦ ɐɩɭ ɥɠɝɣɲ Ɇɹɜɦɹ ɦɮɞ ɬɩɨɱɠɧ ɩɪɫɩɧʀɨɠɨɣɤ Ɏ Ʌɫɛɝɲɠɨɥɩ Ɉɠɢɛɜɛɫɩɧ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɧʀɭɣɝ ɮ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɧɛɨɹɬʀɨɷɥɮ ɺɧɥɮ ɬɰɩɝɛɨɮ ɝ ɞɮɬɭʀɤ ɭɫɛɝʀ ʀ ɝ ɨʀɤ ɢɛɭɣɳɨɠ ɞɨʀɢɟɠɲɥɩ ɝɣɧɩɴɠɨɠ ɢ ɭɫɛɝ·ɺɨɣɰ ɬɭɠɜɠɦ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ ɍɹɭɹɨɨɣɥ
293*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɩɿɞɦɟɬɢ ɣ ɩɪɢɫɭɞɤɢ Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɯɜɢɥɹɫɬɨɸ ɥɿɧɿɽɸ ɿ ɞɟ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɜɢɞɿɥɿɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɦɢ
Ɍɭɛɫɣɤ Ⱦɩɫɣɱɝʀɭ ɟɣɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɜɦʀɪɦɠɨɮ ɪɣɦɥɩɧ ɜɟɡɩɦɮ ɤ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɷ ɬɛɧ ɟɩ ɬɠɜɠ ɇ Ɍɭɠɦɷɧɛɰ Ⱦɦɺɨɠɳ ɝɞɩɫɮ ɜɛɲɣɳ ɧʀɡ ɞʀɦɦɺɥɛɧɣ ɥɫɮ ɭʀ ɬɥɠɦʀ ɢɛɫɩɬɦʀ ɧɩɰɩɧ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ Ʌɛɧʀɨɨɺ ɝɥɫɣɭɠ ɭɩɝɬɭɣɧ ɪɫɩɞɨɣɦɣɧ ɳɛɫɩɧ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɧ·ɺɥɠ ɺɥ ɪɩɟɮɳɥɛ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ ɉɬɝʀɭɦɠɨɛ ɧʀɬɺɱɠɧ ɳɰɮɨɛ ɬɭɩɺɦɛ ɨɠɪɩɫɮɳɨɩ ɨɛ ɝɩɟɨʀɤ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɇ ɍɫɮɜɦɛʁɨʀ Ƚʀɭ ɫɣɦɛ ɢɛɯɛɫɜɩɝɛɨʀ ɬɩɨɱɠɧ ɬɰɩɡʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɛ ɫɩɡɠɝʀ ɥɫɣɦɛ ɲɛɤɩɥ Ɋɠɭɫɩ Ɋɛɨɲ Ɍɛɧɩɭɨɺ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɢɛɝɳɠ ɩɬɨɩɝɛɨɛ ɟɮɧɥɛɧɣ ə ɇɮɳɥɠɭɣɥ
294. ɉɟɪɟɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɭɫɧɨ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤ ɳɨɛ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɫɬɚ ɥɢ ɧɟɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɦɢ ɿ ɧɚɜɩɚɤɢ əɤɢɣ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɤɪɚɳɢɣ"
Ɉɛɲɠ ɢɛɲɛɫɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɝɠɦɠɭɠɨɷ ɬɭɩɺɝ ɦʀɬ ɩɪɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɝɠɬɷ ʀɨɠɾɧ ɜʀɦɣɧ Ɋɛ ɨɛɬ ɇɣɫɨɣɤ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɦɣɬɭ ɝɥɫɣɭɣɤ ɪɛɧɩɫɩɢɢɹ ɭɛ ɢɛɧɠɫɢɦɣɧɣ ɟɩɴɩɝɣɧɣ ɥɫɛɪɦɺɧɣ ɰɫɮɴɣɭɷ ɪʀɟ ɨɩɞɛɧɣ Ⱦɛɨɨɛ ȼɛɫɝʀɨɩɥ Ɍɦʀɪɮɲɠ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɝʀɟɜɣ ɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɢɛɭɝɠɫɟʀɦɩɧɮ ɝʀɟ ɧɩɫɩɢɮ ȿ ɍɥɛɲ ɂ ɩɪɩɦɩɨɩɥ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɩ ɪɫɩɧɠɫɢɦɣɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɥɦɮɜɩɭʀɦɛ ɪɛɫɛ ɨɛɲɠ ɟɣɧ ɉ ȿɩɝɡɠɨɥɩ Ɉɛ ɪɛɦɮɜʀ ɪɫɣɪɩɫɩɳɠɨʀɤ ɬɨʀɞɩɧ ɝɣɫɛɢɨɩ ɭɠɧɨʀɦɣ ɬɝʀɡʀ ɬɦʀɟɣ ɝʀɟ ɲɩɜʀɭ ɉ ȿɩɨɲɠɨɥɩ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
295. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɽ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ
Ɏɲɣɭɠɦɷ ɬɭɮɫɜɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɪɩɞɛɨɩɹ ɮɬɪʀɳɨʀɬɭɹ ɮɲɨɺ ɥɛɡɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɛɭɷɥɩɝʀ ³ Ƚɛɳ ɬɣɨ ɮɝɠɬɷ ɲɛɬ ɜʀɦɺ ɥɨɣɡɩɥ ɢɛɬɪɛɨɣɤ Ȼɦɠ ɜɛɭɷɥɩ ɜɮɝ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ʀɨɳɩʁ ɟɮɧɥɣ ³ ɇɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɍɩ ɮ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɫɣɰɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɭɛɦɛɨɭ ɟɫʀɧɛɾ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ȼɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫ ɥɿɬɶ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɿ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ
Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɴɠ ɝɣɬɩɥɩ ɬɭɩɺɦɩ ɨɛ ɨɠɜʀ Ɍɪɠɥɛ ɬɭɩɺɦɛ ɨɛɟɝɩɫʀ ɺɥ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɜɮ ɝɛɾ ɝ Ɍɪɛɬʀɝɥɮ Ɋɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɮɰɠ ɛɦɠ ɢɟɩɫɩɝɠ ɤ ɭɠɪɦɠ ʀ ɭɛɥɠ ɪɫɩɢɩɫɠ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɝɬʀ ɜɩɥɣ ɩɥɩ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɹɝɛɦɩ ɬɭɠɪɣ ɜɠɢ ɥɫɛɹ Ɍɣɨɾ ɤ ɞɛɫɺɲɠ ɨɠɜɩ ɦɠɡɛɦɩ ɨɛɟ ɬɭɠɪɩɧ ɨɠɨɛɲɠ ɺɥɛɬɷ ɥɫɮɞɦɛ ɪɩɥɫɣɳɥɛ Ɉɛ ɨɠɜʀ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɛɨʀ ɰɧɛɫɣɨɩɲ ɥɣ Ɉɛ ɬɭɠɪɮ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɛɨʀ ɬɧɮɡɥɣ ɭɮɧɛɨɮ ɉɟɨɩ ɪɣɳɨɠ ɢɩɦɩɭɠ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɪɦɣɝɦɩ ɧʀɡ ɨɠɜɩɧ ʀ ɬɭɠɪɩɧ ɨɛɲɠ ɥɩɫɛɜɠɦɷ ɪɩ ɜɠɢɩɟɨɷɩɧɮ ɨɠɜʀ Ƚʀɢ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɝ ɢ ɜɣɭɩɞɩ ɬɭɠɪɩɝɩɞɩ ɳɦɺɰɮ ɤ ɪɩɥɩɭɣɝɬɺ ɪɩ ɦɠɟɝɠ ɪɩɧʀɭɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɛɰ ɬɮɞɩɦɩɝɥɛ** ɂ ɢɛ ɞɮɬɭɣɰ ɜɮɟɺɥʀɝ ʀ ɝɬɺɥɩɞɩ ɢɠɦɛ ɨɠɢɛɜɛɫɩɧ ɝɣɬɮɨɮɦɣɬɷ ɜɛɳɭɛɨɣ ɢ ɟɩɝɞɣ ɧɣ ɫɺɟɥɛɧɣ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɬɩɨɺɳɨɣɥʀɝ ɂɛ ɬɩɨɺɳɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɷ ɫʀɝɨʀ ɫɺɟɥɣ ɞɩɬɭɫɩɦɣɬɭɩʁ ɥɮɥɮɫɮɟɢɣ ɨɛɬɛɟɡɠɨɩʁ ɥɫɮɞɩɧ ɜɛɳɭɛɨʀɝ ɟɮɡɠ ɫʀɝɨɣɧɣ ɫɺɟɛɧɣ Ƚɡɠ ɥɩɨʀ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɛɦɣɬɷ ɟɩ ɜɛɳɭɛɨɛ ɝɡɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɨɛ ɥɫɛ ɺɰ ɜɛɳɭɛɨɛ ɨɛɲɠ ɫɛɧɣ ɢ ɟɩɝɞɩɞɩ ɞɛɫɜɮɢɣɨɨɺ ɟɠ ɧʀɡ ɦɣɬɭɩɧ ɪɩɝɣɝɠɫɭɛɦɣɬɷ ɜɩɥɛɧɣ ɟɩɝɞʀ ɤ ɥɫɮɞɦʀ ɜʀɦʀ ɞɛɫɜɮɢɣ ɨɛɲɠ ɝɩɦɣ ɨɛ ɬɪɛɳɮ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɩɟɥɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɪɩɦɠ ɨɠɨɛɲɠ ɢɛɬɦɛɨɠ ɥɛɫɭɛɭɣɧɣ ɰɮɬɭɥɛɧɣ ɟɠ ɢɠɦɠɨʀɦɩ ɟɫʀɜɨɠɨɷɥɠ ɺɥ ɭɹɦɷ ɥɛɝɮɨɺɲɠ ɩɞɮɟɣɨɨɺ ɟɠ ɜɦɣɴɛɦɣ ɝ ɺɬɨɩ ɢɠɦɠɨɩɧɮ ɦɣɬɭʀ ɡɩɝɭʀ ɟɣɨʀ ɢɠɦɠɨʀɦɣ ɤ ɜʀɦʀɦɣ ɥɛɝɮɨɣ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ
ȱȱ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɢ ɫɤɚɠɿɦɨ ɫɜɿɣ ɲɥɹɯ ɡ ɞɨɦɭ ɞɨ ɲɤɨɥɢ ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɨɛɦɢ ɧɿɬɶ ɚɧɿ ɦɚɥɨɩɨɦɿɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɳɢɤɚ ɱɢ ɜɢɥɚɦɚɧɨʀ ɲɬɚɯɟɬɢɧɢ ɜ ɱɢɣɨɦɭɫɶ ɩɚɪɤɚɧɿ ɚɧɿ ɫɨɛɚɤɢ ɳɨ ɩɨɞɢɜɢɜɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɚɫ ɝɨɥɨɞɧɢɦɢ ɱɢ ɛɚɣɞɭɠɢɦɢ ɨɱɢɦɚ ȼ ɨɩɢɫɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫ ɬɚɣɬɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɞɜɚ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ
ɋɩɢɫʀɢɨɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ
297. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɍɥɮɪɛɨɣɤ ɮ ɦɹɜɣɬɭɥɮ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɫɩɟɦɣɝɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɣɤ ɨɛ ɥɩɭɮɫɨɣ ɜɠɢɪʀɟɬɭɛɝɨɩ ɢɝɠɦɣɲɠɨɣɤ ɥɩɦɩ ɫɩɢɜɣɭɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɣɭɛ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɭɣɬɺ ɜɠɢ ɭɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɴɩ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɝɬɺ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɪʀɬɥɮ ʊɫɮɨɭɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɠɨɛɟʀɤɨʀɤ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɪʀɟɫʀɢɛɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɪɨʀ ɪʀɟʀɫɝɛɨɣɤ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɣɤ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɝɭɩɪɭɛɨɣɤ ɮ ɜɛɞ ɨɹɥɮ ɢɞɛɨɷɜɦɠɨɣɤ ɝɭɫɛɲɠɨɣɤ ɳɛɨɬ ɨɠɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨʀ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ
§ 33.
Ɋɨɡɪɿɡɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ
298. ȱɧɤɨɥɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɜɬɪɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɿ ɨɡɧɚɤɢ ɜɢɞ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɩɟɪɟɯɨ ɞɹɬɶ ɭ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣɬɟ ɨɞɧɨɡɜɭɱɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɡ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ
ɚ ɹɤɿ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɨɡɧɚɤɭ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɭ ɞɿɽɸ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɭ ɨɡɧɚɤɭ ɛ ɹɤɿ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɧɿ ɜ ɹɤɿ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɿ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɚ ɹɤɿ ɧɟ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɝ ɱɢ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɫɚɦɢɣ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫ ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ
Ɋɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ
ɝɣɰɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɟɠ" ɮ ɬʀɧ·ʁ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɣɤ ɥɣɧ" ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥɩɧ ɪpɲɠɨɣɤ ɟɠ" ɝ ɟɮɰɩɝɱʀ ɝiɫɠɨɣɤ ɟɠ" ɨɛ ɪɦɣɭʀ
ɝɣɰɩɝɛɨɛ ɟɣɭɣɨɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɣɤ ɪɫɩɬɭʀɫ ɪɠɲpɨɛ ɥɛɫɭɩɪɦɺ ɝɛɫpɨɛ ɥɩɭɦɠɭɛ
299. Ⱦɟɹɤɿ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɡɨɜɧɿ ɧɚɝɚɞɭɸɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɇɚɫɩɪɚɜɞɿ ɠ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɿɧɚɤɲɟ ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣɬɟ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɡ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɭ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɰɹ ɪɿɡɧɢɰɹ ɺ ɩɬɩɜɛ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ
Ɋɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ
ɫɣɪɦɺ ɭɷ ɭɫʀɴɛ ɭɷ ɟɫʀɧɛɹ ɭɷ
ɫɣɪɦɺɲɣɤ ɭɫʀɴɛɲɣɤ ɟɫʀɧɛɹɲɣɤ
ɫɣɪɮɲɣɤ ɭɫʀɬɥɮɲɣɤ ɟɫʀɧɮɲɣɤ
300. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣɬɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɬɥɣɬɦɣɤ, ɢʀɞɨɣɦɣɤ, ɢʀɝ·ɺɦɣɤ, ɟɩɢɫʀɦɣɤ ɣ ɨɞɧɨɤɨɪɟɧɟɜɿ ɡ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɥɣɬɦɣɤ, ɞɨɣɦɣɤ, ɝ·ɺɦɣɤ, ɢɫʀɦɣɤ. əɤɢɯ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɡɧɚɤ ɧɟɦɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɡ ɬɢɯ ɳɨ ɽ ɜ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ"
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
301. Ⱦɟɹɤɿ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɡ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɨɠ , ɳɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɨɞɜɨɽɧɿ ɛɭɤɜɢ ɨɨ. ɉɨɦɿɪɤɭɣɬɟ ɹɤ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɢɬɢ ʀɯ ɜɿɞ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬ ɧɢɤɿɜ ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɩɢɲɟɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɧɚ ɛɭɤɜɚ ɨ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɝɨɥɨɫ əɤɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɰɹ ɦɿɠ ɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ" ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ
Ɋɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ
ɨɠɬɥiɢɛɨɣɤ ɨɠɢɟyɦɛɨɣɤ ɨɠɬɥtɨɲɠɨɣɤ
ɨɠɬɥɛɢiɨɨɣɤ ɨɠɢɟɩɦiɨɨɣɤ ɨɠɬɥʀɨɲpɨɨɣɤ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɩɢɨɛɥɮ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɮ ɟʀɾɹ ʁɰ ɧɩɡ ɨɛ ɢɛɧʀɨɣɭɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɩɧ ɪɫɣ ɨɣɰ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ Ȼ ɪɩɟʀɜɨʀ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɝɥɛɢɮɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɮ ɩɢɨɛɥɮ ʁɰ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɢɛ ɧʀɨɣɭɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɩɧ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɠ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɰ ɬɦʀɝ Ȳɨɩɟʀ ɟʀɾ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɤ ɩɟɨɩɢɝɮɲɨʀ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɬɩɧ Ȼɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɯɩɫɧɣ ʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ʀ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɟʀɾ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɣ ɮɲ ɹɲ ɛɜɩ ɛɲ ɺɲ ɭɛ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛ ɹɭɷɬɺ ɲɠɫɞɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɰ Ȼ ɪɫɣ ɭɝɩɫɠɨɨʀ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɱʀ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɨɠ ɟʀɹɭɷ ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɨɛ ɦɣɤ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɦɣɳɠ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ Ȳɨɳʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɛ ɦɣɤ ³ ɱɠ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ Ɋɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɢ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬɩɧ ɨɠ ɭɛ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɛɧɣ ɠɨɨ ɣɤ ɛɨɨ ɣɤ ɴɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɛɬɣɝɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɬ ɨɛ ɱɣɰ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɛɰ ʀ ɝɥɛɢɮɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɺɥɩʁɬɷ ɟʀʁ Ɋɩɟʀɜɨʀ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɢɛɪɠɫɠɲɮɹɭɷ ɺɥɮɬɷ ɩɢɨɛ ɥɮ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɮ ɟʀɾɹ 302. Ⱦɨɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ² ɜɿɞɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɿ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɚ ɧɟ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɒɮɭɦɣɝɣɤ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɨɛɟɮɝɨɣɤ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɨɣɤ ɨɠɝɧɣɫɮɴɣɤ ɱʀɦɹ ɴɣɤ ɪɛɦɹɲɣɤ ɦɠɭɹɲɣɤ ɬɥɫɣɪɮɲɣɤ ɧɠɫɢɦɣɤ ɪɮɰɦɣɤ ɨɠɬɥʀɨɲpɨɨɣɤ
ȱ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɜ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ Ⱦɨɣɦɣɤ ɨɠɟɩɭɩɫɥiɨɨɣɤ ɢɟɫʀɜɨɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɬɣɨʀɦɣɤ ɮɡɣɭɥɩɝɣɤ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛ ɨɣɤ ɪɫɩɥɣɬɦɣɤ ɢɟɩɞɛɟɦɣɝɣɤ ɥɣɪɮɲɣɤ ɢɛɥɣɪɛɹɲɣɤ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ Ⱦ Ȼɿɥɨɭɫɚ ´Ɋɠɫɠ ɥɩɨɛɭɣɬɺ ɪɩɫɛ ɢɫɩɜɣɳ ɢɦɩ ³ «µ
ɋɩɢɫʀɢɨɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ
304. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɿ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ Ƚɣɬɩɥɩ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɠɜɛ ɬɭɩɺɝ ɺɬɨɣɤ ɜɦɣɬɥɮɲɣɤ ɪɩɝɨɣɤ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠ ɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ Ɋɩɨɛɟ ɬɣɨʀɹɲɣɧ ɟɩɦɩɧ ɧɠɫɠɰɭʀɦɣ ɰɝɣɦʀ ɫɩɢʀɞɫʀɭɩɞɩ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ Ȳ ɏɫɛɨɥɩ ɉɲɣɧɛ ɪɠɫɠɜʀɞɛɝ ɝʀɨ ɥɝʀɭɮɲʀ ɪɩɦɺ ɩɥɫɮɞɣ ɇɛɫɥɩ Ƚɩɝɲɩɥ ȼɠɫɠɢɛ ɳɠɦɠɬɭɣɭɷ ɥɮɲɠɫɺɝɣɧ ɦɣɬɭɩɧ ɝɠɬɨɺɨʀ ɞɮɥɣ ɩɢɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɢɛɥɝʀɭ ɦʀɧ ɞɛɹ Ɏɬɠ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɢɛɭɣɰɦɩ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɲɛɫɮɹɲɩʁ ɨɩɲʀ ɂ ɭɝ Ɇɠɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛ ʁɨɥɣ Ɏ ɭɣɳɮ ɪɩɝɣɦɛɬɷ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɛ ɟɩɦɣɨɛ ɪɩɬɦɛɨɛ ɧ·ɺɥɩ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɧ ɜɮɥɩɧ ɨɛɦɣɭɛ ɢɩɦɩɭɩɧ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ
305*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɦɿɫɬɶ ɤɪɚɩɨɤ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢ ɨ ɚɛɨ ɨɨ. ɇɣ ɭɣɰɩ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɟɣɝɣɦɣɬɷ ɺɥ ɺɬɨɩ ɨɛ ɭɠɧɨɩɧɮ ɧɩɫʀ ɨɠɢɦʀɲɠ ʀ ɬɝʀɭɦɛ ɬʀ ɺɦɣ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ ɚ ɰɩɲɮ ɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɬɝʀɭ ɫɩɢɪɦɹɴɠ ɣɧɣ ɩɲɣɧɛ Ȳ ȿɫɛɲ Ƚɠɬɨɺɨɛ ɞɫɩɢɛ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɨɠɬɪɩɟʀɝɛ ɛ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɡɛɟɛ ɛ ʀ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɩɬɝʀɡɛɹɲɛ ə ɂɜɛɨɛɱɷɥɣɤ ɒɩɫɨʀ ɳɦɺɰɣ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɦɣ ɬɭɠɪɩɝɣɤ ɪɫɩɬɭʀɫ ɨɠɬɥʀɨ ɲɠ ɣ ɧɣ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɧɣ ɬɭɠɡɥɛɧɣ ɜʀɞɦɣ ɢɛ ɩɜɫʀɤ ɉ ȿɩɨɲɠɨɥɩ Ɉɠ ɢɛɜɮɝɛɤ ɢɛ ɩɭɲɣɤ ɬɝʀɤ ɪɩɫʀɞ ɛɦɠ ɤ ɥɠɫɧɮɤ ɪɩɦʀɭ ɢɛ ɩɜɫʀʁ ɨɠɢɨɛ ʀ ³ ʀ ɧɣɬɦʀ ʀ ɲɛɬɮ ɢɛɥɩɨɣ ɨɠɝɜɦɛɞɛ ʀ ɨɠɬɣ ɝ ɜɮɟëɲɣɨɮ** ɨɛ ɪɦɠɭɣɝɩ ɟɩɫʀɞ Ȼ ɇɛɦɣɳɥɩ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡɿ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨɸ ɛɭɤɜɨɸ ɠ ɡɿ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨɸ ɛɭɤɜɨɸ ɣ. Ɏɦɹɜɦ ɨɣɤ ɨɛɥɫɠɬɦ ɨɣɤ ɩɬɮɟɦ ɝɣɤ ɩɬɥɛɫɡ ɨɣɤ ɮɦɠɬɦ ɝɣɤ ɬɥɫɣɝɟɡ ɨɣɤ ɟɩɥɮɲɦ ɝɣɤ ɢɛɪɫɺɡ ɨɣɤ ɢɝɛɡ ɨɣɤ ɬɝɠɥɫɮɳ ɨ ɪɠɫɠɩɱʀɨ ɨɣɤ ɟɩ ɪɣɭɦ ɝɣɤ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ´ ³ ɴɩ ɝɠɬɨɺɨɣɤ ɟɠɨɷµ. ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɪɲ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɜɫɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɞɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɚ ɜɢɥɚ ɩɪɨ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɨ ɬɚ ɨɨ ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɽ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɚɥ ɰɩɫɩɳɠ ɫɛɟʀɭɣ ɜɠɢ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ Ʌɩɦɣ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɬɮɭʀɨɷ ɩɪɛɟɛ Ȳ ɲɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ɭɣɰɩ ɜɠɢɮɪɣɨɨɩ ȿɢɹɫɲɣɭɷ ɮ ɬɭɩɥɛɰ ɝɠɬɨɺɨɛ ɝɩɟɛ Ȳ ɬɨɮ ɨɠɧɛ ʀ ɬɪɩɥɩɹ ɨɠɧɛɾ Ȳ ɝʀɟɲɛɹ ʀ ɪɠɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɠɧɛ ɍɠɜɠ ɡ ɮ ɟɛɦɠɲ ɝɦɛɟɨɩ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɛɾ Ɉɛɪɩɾɨɛ ɨɛɟʀɺɧɣ ɪʀɭɷɧɛ Ȳ ɰɩɲɠɭɷɬɺ ɝɬɹ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɩɜʀɤɨɺɭɣ Ȳ ɤɭɣ ɳɮɥɛɭɷ ɨɠɲɮɝɛɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɞɩɟ ɉ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɧɮɢɣɥɣ ɨɛɭɰɨɠɨɨɩʁ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ Ɏ ɳɮɧʀ ɥɛɦɛɧɮɭɨɣɰ ɝɩɟ Ƚ Ɍɣɧɩɨɠɨɥɩ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɜɿɪɲ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɩɨ ɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɜɿɞɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɿ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ
Ʌɛɬɣɧ ɜɠɥ ɞɩɫɟɩ ɤ ɨɠɢɫɮɳɨɩ ɝɣɬɩɲɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɥɛɪʀɭɛɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭɩɲɥɮ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɹ ɴɩɞɦɩɹ ɍɫɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɞɛɦɠɫɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ɫʀɟɨɣɰ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ɋɩɢɛ ɟɮ ³ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɩɝɛɨʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɢɛɦɣɭʀ ɥɫɩɝ·ɹ ɩɲɣɴɠɨʀ ɝɩɞɨɠɧ Ɏ ɭɫɹɧɛɰ ɞɛɦɠɫ ³ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɢɟɩɜɣɲ ɮ ɭɫɹɧɛɰ ɞɛɦɠɫ ³ ɜɫɛɨɱʀ ɍɩɨɥɩɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɥɫɛɬɮɨʀ ɪɩɥɫɮɲɠɨʀ ɫɠɧʀɨɨɺɧ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɣ ɰɦɩɪɲɛɥɣ ɟɦɺ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɣɰ ɳɥʀɦ ɺɨɣɲɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɪɮɬɮ ȿɩɜɫɛ ɢɟɩɜɣɲ ɇɲɛɭɷ ɞɩɫɟʀ ɞɛɦɠɫɣ ³ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɹɭɷ ɬɪɩɥɩɹ ɨɛɞɛʁ ɨɛɞɦɺɟɛɲʀɝ ɪɩɦɩɬɮɹɲɣ ɬɪɣɨɣ ɪɫɣɥɮɭɣɰ ɟɩ ɝɠɬɠɦ ɨɠɝʀɦɷɨɣɥʀɝ ɑɠ ɟɮɡʀ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨʀ ɝ ɺɬɣɫ ɮ ɬɭɠɪɛɰ ɥɩɢɛɱɷɥɩʁ ɋɩɥɬɩɦɛɨʀʁ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɛɹɭɷ ɳɛɦɠɨɣɤ ɞʀɨ ȼɠɢɢɩɫɺɨɛ ɨʀɲ ɩɪɮɬɭɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛɟ ɜɠɢɟɩɨɨɣɧ ɧɩɫɠɧ ɢɝʀɟɥʀɦɺɬɷ ɨɛɬɮɨɮɦɣ ɰɧɛɫɣ ɢʀɫɝɛɝɬɺ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɍɠɪɠɫ ɥɩɫɛɜɦʀ ɪɩɨɠɬɦɣɬɺ ɴɠ ɳɝɣɟɳɠ ʀ Ʌɛɬɣɧ ɜɠɥ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɢɞɩɫɨɮɭɣ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɝʀɭɫɣɦ ɇɩɡɠ ɜ ɟɛɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɪɩɲɣɭɣ ʀ ɨɠɝʀɦɷɨɣɥɛɧ" ȼɩ ɭɛɥɣ ɨɠ ɝɬʀ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɭɩɤ ɳɛɦɠɨɣɤ ɞʀɨ ɉɨ ɩɟɣɨ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɪɦɠɲɣɤ ɝɠɦɠ ɭɠɨɷ ɰɛɪɛɾ ɫɩɭɩɧ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɜɠɢɬɣɦɩ ɰɣɦɣɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɦɛɝɣ Ɋɩɧɠɫ" ɒɣ ɬɛɧɠ ɪɩɧɣ ɫɛɾ" ɍɠɪɠɫ ɾ ɥɣɧ ɢɛɧʀɨɣɭɣ ɨɠɝɟɛɰɮ ɢɛ ɝɠɬɦɩ ɬɺɟɠ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɜɫɛɨɠɱɷ ɛ ɱɷɩɞɩ ³ ɝ ɧɩɫɠ Ƚɬʀ ɭɫɣ ɨɛɞɦɺɟɛɲʀ ɥɣɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɠɝʀɦɷɨɣɥɛ ɝʀɟɧɣɥɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɧɩɥ ɭɺɞɨɮɭɷ ɜɠɢɡɣɝɨɠ ɭʀɦɩ ɟɩ ɦɹɥɛ Ȳ ɭɮɭ ɬɭɛɦɩɬɺ ɟɣɝɩ ɝɠɦɠɭɠɨɷ ɬɭɫɠɪɠɨɮɝɬɺ ɝɣɰɩɪɣɝ ɥɫɣɝɣɤ ɥɣɨɟɡɛɦ ʀɢ ɢɛ ɪɩɺɬɛ ɨɛɤɜɦɣɡɲɩɞɩ ɨɛɞɦɺɟɛɲɛ ɝɝʀɞɨɛɝ ɪɩ ɫɮɥɩɺɭɷ ɍɛɥ ɬɛɧɩ ɜɦɣɬɥɛɝɣɲɨɩ ɪɫɩɰɫɩɧɣɝ ɟɫɮɞɩɞɩ ɥɣɨɮɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɭɫɠɭɷɩɞɩ ɇ Ɋɠɭɫɠɨɥɩ
ȱȱ ɉɪɨ ɹɤɿ ɱɚɫɢ ɬɭɬ ɿɞɟɬɶɫɹ" ɉɟɪɟɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɨ ɫɜɿɣ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɉɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ
ɋɩɢɫʀɢɨɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ
309. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɍɭɫʀɦɺɨɣɤ ɪɭɛɰ ɜɮɝɛɦɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ʀɢ ɢɛɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɧɣ ɩɲɣɧɛ ɜɮɟɮɲɣ ɨɠɩɜʀɢ ɨɛɨɣɧ ɪɫɣ ɢɛɲɣɨɠɨɣɰ ɟɝɠɫɺɰ ɜɠɢ ɟɩɪɮɬɥɮ ɬɭɩɫɩɨɨʀɰ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɭɣ ɪɭɛɳɣɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɷɩɭɮ ɢɞɩɫɣ ɢɝɣɬɩɥɛ ɺɥ ɩɜɦɣɭɣɤ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɹ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɫɩɢɞɮɜɦɠɨɣɤ ɪɫɣ ɞɨʀɲɠɨɣɤ ɺɥ ɢɛɝɠɟɠɨɣɤ ɨɠɝɪɣɨɨɩ ɜɠɢ ɮɞɛɝɮ ɺɥ ɩɳɪɛɫɠɨɣɤ ɟɮɡɠ ɢɜɮ ɟɡɠɨɣɤ ɢɛɲɛɫɩɝɛɨɠ ɥɩɦɩ ɬɥɫɮɭɨɠ ɜɠɢɝɣɰʀɟɨɠ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ɏȱ Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɭɛɥɿɰɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ Ɋɮɜɦʀɱɣɬɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɬɭɣɦɷ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɮ ɢɛɬɩ ɜɛɰ ɧɛɬɩɝɩʁ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ³ ɞɛɢɠɭɛɰ ɡɮɫɨɛɦɛɰ ɭɩɴɩ Ʉɩɞɩ ɢɛɝɟɛɨ ɨɺ ³ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɛ ɤ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɭɣ ɪɠɝɨɠ ɬɭɛɝ ɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɭɣɰ ɲɣ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɺɝɣɴ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ɏ ɭɠɥɬɭɛɰ ɪɮɜɦʀɱɣɬɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɭɣɦɹ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɬɮɬ ɪʀɦɷɨɩ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɮ ɦɠɥɬɣɥɮ
ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɞɜɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɪɢɫɢ ɧɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɿ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɶɨɦɭ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɨ ɞɿɥɨɜɨɦɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɱɢ ɪɨɡɦɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɢɥɹɦ ɐɟ ɣ ɛɭɞɭɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɩɭɛɥɿɰɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɸ
310. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ ɦɨɜɢ ɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ ɦɨɜɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ
ɇɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱʀ ɧɩɡɠɧɩ ɞɩɫɟɣɭɣɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɪɩɨɠɝɩɦɹ ɝɛɦɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ɛ ɦɣɳɠ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɦɛ ɬɠɜɠ ɝʀɟ ɦɛɬɣɰ ɨɛ ɲɮɡɠ ɟɩɜɫɩ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɟɛɦɠɥɣɰ ɬɮɬʀɟʀɝ Ɉɛ ɡɛɦɷ ɱʀɦʀ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɝɩɫɩɞɛɧ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɞɫɮɜɩɞɩ ɤ ɥɫɣɝɛɝɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɬɣɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɫɩɢɪɛɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɠɨɛɝɣɬɭʀ ɧʀɡ ɫʀɢɨɣɧɣ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɧɣ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɝɟɛɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɛɟ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɩɹ ɇɛɤɡɠ ɝɬʀ ɱʀ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɝ ɩɟɣɨ ɞɩɦɩɬ ɞɛɦɛɬɮɝɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɠɬɮɭɷ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱɺɧ ɟɩɜɫɩ ʀ ɴɛɬɭɺ Ɋɫɣɥɫɩ ɛɦɠ ɟɠɰɭɩ ɢ ɨɛɳɣɰ ɬɪʀɝɝʀɭɲɣɢɨɣɥʀɝ ɬɭɛɝɛɝ ɨɛ ɬɦɮɡɜɮ ɟɩ ɲɮɡɣɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɩɡɨɩɝɦɛɟɱʀɝ ɴɩɜ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɭɣ ɞɨɩɜɣɭɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɨɛɫɩɟ Ɉʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɤɳɦɣ ɭɛɥɩɹ ɞɛɨɠɜɨɩɹ ɟɩɫɩ ɞɩɹ ɭʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɧɛɦɥɮ ɪʀɢɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɫɠɟɥʀɝ ȿɦɺ ȼɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɝɬʀ ɬɝɩʁ ɬɣɦɣ ɢɟʀɜɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ʌɩɡɨɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɫɩɢɮ ɧʀɦɛ ɴɩ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɢɧɩɡɠ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɣɨɠɹ ɨɛ ɝɦɛɬɨʀɤ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɝɬʀ ʁʁ ɬɣɨɣ ɤ ɟɩɨɷɥɣ ɜɮɟɮɭɷ ɴɩɟɠɨɨɩ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɟɦɺ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɱʀɾʁ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɬɝɺɭɩʁ ɤ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝɩʁ ɧɠɭɣ Ɋɛɧ·ɺɭɛɤɧɩ ɪɫɩ ɱɠ ɂɛ Ȼ Ɇɩɭɩɱɷɥɣɧ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȜȒȖțȎȒȤȭȠȖȗ ǿȎȦȘȳȐ
ɇɃ ³ ɈɉȽɀ ɊɉɅɉɆȲɈɈɚ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɷ ɨɠɝɩɦʀ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɹ ɝʀɦɷ ɨɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ Ɉɛɳʀ ɜɛɭɷɥɣ ɟʀɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɫɩɢɪɩɫɺ ɟɡɛɭɣɬɺ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɟɩɦɠɹ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɤ ɨɛɳɠ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɾ Ȼɦɠ ɱɠ ɨɠɦɠɞɥɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɢɛɪɮɴɠɨɛ ɧɛɳɣɨɣ ɢɨɩɳɠɨʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɺɥʀɬɷ ɢɜɛɤɟɮɡʀɦʀ ɫɩɢ ɞɮɜɦɠɨʀ ɚɥ ɴɠ ɪɣɬɛɝ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ ´ɨʀɧʀ ɨɛ ɪɛɨɴɣɨɮ ʀɟɮɭɷ ʀ ɟʀɭɩɲɩɥ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɠɟɮɭɷµ ȼɩ ɭɛɥ ʁɰ ɪɫɣɝɲɣɦɣ ɢɛ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɨɠɝɩɦʀ Ɉɛɳɠ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɾ ɢɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɰ ɛ ɤ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɬ ɬɛɧɣɰ ɇɣ ɧɛɾɧɩ ɬɭɛɭɣ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɚɥʀ ɧɣ ɜɮɟɠɧɩ ɺɥ ɢɮɧʀɾɧɩ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɭɛɥɠ ɜɮɟɠ ɤ ɨɛɳɠ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɾ Ɉɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɧɣ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɜɮɭɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝɣɧɣ ȼɠɢ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɟɩ ɬɠɜɠ Ɏɬɠ ɴɩ ɧɣ ɫɩɜɣɧɩ ɧɣ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɭɛɥ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɴɩɜ ɨɠ ɢɛɝɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɳɥɩɟɣ ʀɨɳɣɧ ɨɠ ɩɜɥɫɛɟɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɨɣɡɮɝɛɭɣ ʀɨɳɣɰ Ȳ ɬɛɧɣɧ ɨɠ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɞɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɜɩ ɺɥ ɥɛɡɮɭɷ ɮ ɨɛɫɩɟʀ ɨɛ ɪɩɰɣɦɠ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɝɬʀ ɥɩɢɣ ɬɥɛɲɮɭɷ ɇɣ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɟɜɛɭɣ ɪɫɩ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɪɫɩ ʁʁ ɟɩɜɫɩɜɮɭ ɨɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɜɛɤɟɮɡɣɧɣ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɲɛɧɣ ȼɮɟɠ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɡɣɭɣ ³ ʀ ɨɛɧ ɜɮɟɠ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɜɮɟɠ ɝ ɨʀɤ ɪɩɞɛɨɩ ³ ʀ ɨɛɧ ɜɮɟɠ ɪɩɞɛɨɩ Ȳ ɢɨɛɤɧɩ ɴɩ ɨɛɬ ɨɠ ɲɠɥɛɹɭɷ ɨʀ ɝ Ȼɧɠɫɣɱʀ ɨʀ ɝ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨʀ ɲɣ ɴɠ ɟɠɬɷ ɜɩ ɭɛɧ ɦɹɟɣ ɨɛɟɜɛɦɣ ɟɦɺ ɬɠɜɠ ʀ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɟʀɭɠɤ Ȳ ɧɣ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɨɛɟɜɛɭɣ ɟɦɺ ɬɠɜɠ Ȼɦɠ ɟɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɨɛɧ ɮɡɠ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɝɲɣɭɣɬɺ ɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɢɟɩɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɨɛɪɩɦɠɞɦɣɝɩ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ Ɇɣɳɠ ɭɩɟʀ ɪɫɣɤɟɠ ɟɩ ɨɛɬ ɩɧɫʀɺɨɠ ɴɛɬɭɺ
311. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɋɚɲɤɨɜɿ ɦɿɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɑɢ ɜ ɭɫɶɨɦɭ ɜɢ ɡ ɧɢɦ ɡɝɨɞɧɿ" əɤ ɜɢ ɭɹɜɥɹɽɬɟ ɫɜɨɽ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɽ" ɉɨɫɩɟɪɟɱɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɰɿ ɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ
Ɉɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɢ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɨɠ
§ 34.
ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɨɠ ɡ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɂ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ ʀ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɚɥɴɩ ɪɫɣ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɮ ɾ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɩ ɝɣɤ ɢɝɩɫɩɭ ɭɩ ɨɠ ɢ ɨɣɧ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ ɨʀɥɣɧ ɨɠ ɜɛɲɠɨɣɤ ɟɩɬʀ ɨɠ ɲɮɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɠ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɚɥɴɩ ɪɫɣ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɮ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɭɩ ɨɠ ɢ ɨɣɧ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɨɠɜɛɲɠɨɣɤ ɨɠɲɮɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɠɝɣɥɩɨɛ ɨɣɤ ɨɠɢɛɬʀɺɨɣɤ ɉɥɫɠɧɩ ɨɠ ɝ ɭɛɥɩɧɮ ɫɛɢʀ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɦɣɳɠ ɭɩɟʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɢɛɪɠɫɠ ɲɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɠ ɨʀ ɪɩɦɠ ɨɠ ɢɛɬʀɺɨɠ ɨɠ ɪɩɢɣɲɠ ɨɣɤ ɛ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɤ ɰɦʀɜ 312. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɨɠ ɡ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɋɛɟɮɤɬɺ ɨɣɝɩ ɨɠɪɩɦɣɭɛɺ ɋɛɟɮɤɬɺ ɢɠɧɦɠ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɣɭɛɺ ɥɝʀɭɲɛɬɭɣɧ ɢɦɛ ɥɩɧ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ Ƚʀɟ ɦɣɧɛɨɮ ɟɩ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɩɜɫʀɹ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɫʀɝɨɣɤ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɬɧɛɦɠɨɣɤ ɬɩɨɱɠɧ ɬɭɠɪ ȿ ɇʀɴɠɨɥɩ ȿɠɺɥɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɧɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɩ ɫɩɢ ɞɦɺɟɛɾɧɩ ɩɢɠɫɩ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɩɧ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠɪɩɦɩɰɛɨɣɧ ɡɣɭɭɺɧ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ ɉɜɛɜʀɲ ɪɫɩɪɦɣɝɛɦɣ ɨɠɝɣɫɛɢɨʀ ɬʀɫɩ ɡɩɝɭʀ ɪɩɦɺ ɢɢɛɟɮ ɨɠɝɣɜʀɦɠɨɣɧ ɪɩɦɩɭ ɨɩɧ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɭɛɦɛɬɺ ɟɩɫɩɞɛ Ƚ Ʌɛɝɛ Ɉɛ ɫɩɢɬɛɟɨɣɥɮ ɛɨʀ ɟɮɳʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɬɦʀɟʀɝ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɠɧɛɾ ³ ɨɠɭɩɫɥɛɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ Ⱦɫɣɞʀɫ ɍɹɭɹɨɨɣɥ
313. Ⱦɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɞɨɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɢ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɩɨɪɹɞ Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɡ ɨɠ ɩɿɞ ɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ
Ɉɠɜɛɲɠɨɣɤ ɨɠɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɣɤ ɜɠɢɮɞɛɝɨɣɤ ɜɠɢɪʀɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɤ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɲɣɤ Ɍɣɨɩɨʀɧɣ ɢɛɞɛɟɥɩɝɣɤ ɨɠɫɩɢɞɛɟɛɨɣɤ ɨɠɬɭɣɰɛɹɲɣɤ ɨɠɲɮɝɛɨɣɤ ɫɛɪɭɩ ɝɣɤ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɤ ɨɠɜɮɝɛɦɣɤ ɨɠɝɣɟɛɨɣɤ ɨɠɝɞɛɝɛɹɲɣɤ ɨɠɝɴɮɰɛɹɲɣɤ ɨɠɡɟɛ ɨɣɤ ɨɠɢɜɛɞɨɠɨɨɣɤ ɨɠɩɜʊɫɮɨɭɩɝɛɨɣɤ
314. ɉɟɪɟɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤ ɳɨɛ ɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɨɠ ɬɚɦ ɞɟ ɜɨɧɚ ɩɢɲɟɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɬɟɩɟɪ ɩɢɫɚɥɚɫɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɿ ɧɚɜɩɚɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ Ɉɛɟ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɠɢɛɭɩɪɦɠɨʀ ɩɬɭɫʀɝɱʀ ³ Ɉɛɟ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɢɛɭɩɪɦɠɨʀ ɩɬɭɫʀɝɱʀ ɛɜɩ «ɨɠ ɢɛɭɩɪɦɠɨʀ ɪɩɝʀɨɨɹ. Ƚɣɦɺɞɦɛ ɪɩɞɨɣɦɛ ɩɜɛɜʀɲ ɟɩɫɩɞɣ ɨʀɥɣɧ ɨɠ ɬɥɩɳɠɨɛ ɭɫɛɝɛ Ɋɩɰɣɦɣɝɬɺ ɨɠ ɪʀɟɪɠɫɭɣɤ ɥʀɦɥɛɧɣ ɭɣɨ Ɍʀɫʀɦɛ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɥɩɪɛɨɛ ɦɛɭɥɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɚɬɥɫɛɝɩ ɞɩɫʀɝ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɭɩɪɭɛɨɣɤ ɥɝʀɭɨɣɥ ȼɮɺɝ ɜɮɫ·ɺɨ ɨɛ ɨɠɪɫɩɪɩɦɠɨɣɰ ɞɫɺɟ ɥɛɰ ɍɠɧɨʀɦɣ ɪɩɭɫʀɬɥɛɨɩɹ ɥɩɫɩɹ ɨɠ ɪɩɜʀɦɠɨʀ ɟɩɬʀ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫɣ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɒɛɬ ɝʀɟ ɲɛɬɮ ɨɛ ɟɩɫɩɞɮ ɝɣɜʀɞɛɦɣ ɨɠɪɩɦɩɰɛɨʀ ɢɛɤɱʀ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɬɿ ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɠ ɩɢɲɟɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɬɿ ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɠ ɩɢɲɟɬɶɫɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ Ɉʀɥɣɧ ɨɠ ɪɩɦɛɞɩɟɡɠɨɣɤ ɭɣɨ ɨɠ ɢɧɛɴɠɨɣɤ ɝʀɢ ɪɩɦɠ ɨɠ ɢɩɫɛɨɠ ɨɠ ɢɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɤ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɬɨʀɪ ɨɠ ɝɣɫɩɜɦɠɨɣɤ ɴɠ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɨɠ ɢɞɛɬɛɹɲɠ ɝɩɞ ɨɣɴɠ ɰɛɭɛ ɨɠ ɨɛɥɫɣɭɛ ɨɠ ɝɪɩɦɷɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɢɝʀɫ ɨɠ ɝɣɬɩɰɦɣɤ ɟɩɬʀ ɫɮɥɛɝ ɨɠ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɣɤ ɺɥ ɬɦʀɟ ɨɠ ɟɩɪɦɠɭɠɨɣɤ ɭɣɨ ɨɠ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɛ ɨɠ ɬɥɩ ɪɛɨʀ ɴɠ ɞɫɺɟɥɣ
II. Ɂ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɭ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɿ Ɍ ɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɚ ´Ɏ ɨɛɬ ɨɠɧɛ ɢɛ ɬɩɜɩɹµ. 316*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ
Ȳ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝ ɴɩ ɜɛɭɷɥɩ ɲɣɧɩɬɷ ɨɠ ɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɣɤ ɉ ȿɩɨɲɠɨɥɩ Ʌɩɡɨɩɧɮ ɡ ɥɩɫɭʀɦɩ ɪɩɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɠ ɜɮɝɛɦɠ ɟɩɬʀ ɮ ɬɦɩɜɩɟt ɝɣɟɩɝɣɴɠ Ȼ ɓɣɺɨ Ɇʀɭɩ ɤ ɢɣɧɮ ɡɣɝɠ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɦʀ ɜɠɢɦʀɲ ɟɣɥɩʁ ɪɭɣɱʀ ɨʀɥɣɧ ɨɠ ɬɭɫʀɦɺɨɩʁ ɨɠ ɪɩɦɩɰɛɨɩʁ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ Ɉɠ ɩɜɫɩɜɦɠɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ ʁɡɣɦɛɬɷ ɭɩ ɫʀɳɨʀɧ ɜɛɟɣɦɦɺɧ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɇɠɨʀ ɪɩɦɺ ɬɪʀɝɛɦɣ ɨʀɥɣɧ ɨɠ ɬɪʀ ɝɛɨʀ ɪʀɬɨʀ Ƚ Ɍɣɧɩɨɠɨɥɩ
ȲȲ ɂɛ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɝɲɠɨɩɞɩ ɟɝɩɰ ɨɠ ɝɲɠɨɣɰ ɟɛɹɭɷ ʀ ɭɩ ɨɠ ɜɠɫɮɭɷ ɒɩɞɩ Ȳɝɛɬɷ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɲɠɨɣɤ ɭɩɞɩ Ȳɝɛɨ ɨɠ ɜɮɟɠ ɢɨɛɭɣ Ɋɠɬ ɜɫɠɳɠ ɜɩ ɬɪʀɝɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɪɫɣ ɝɲɠɨɣɤ Ƚɲɠɨɣɤ ɛɦɠ ɨɠ ɭɩɝɲɠɨɣɤ ȿɠ ɰɛɭɛ ɨɠ ɧɠɭɠɨɛ ɭɛɧ ɟʀɝɥɛ ɨɠ ɪɦɠɭɠɨɛ Ƚ ɨɠ ɩɜɞɩɫɩɟɡɠɨʀɧ ɞɩɫɩɟʀ ʀ ɬɝɣɨɺ ɞʀɬɭɷ Ɏ ɦʀɨɣɝɩɞɩ ɦʀɡɥɩ ɟɩ ɬɪɣɨɣ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɝ·ɺɢɛɨɠ ɛ ɪɫɣɥɦɠɾɨɠ Ɉɛɫɩɟɨɛ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɷ
317*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡ ɜɿɪɲɚ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ Ɏɭɠɥɭɣ ɜ ɩɟ ɬɠɜɠ ɞɠɭɷ ɬɝʀɭ ɢi ɩɲʀ ɮ ɨɠ ɜɛɲɠɨɠ ɨɠ ɲɮɭɠ ɮ ɨɠ ɧɩɝɦɠɨɠ ɟɠ ɨɠɧɛ ɛɨʀ ɩɬɧëɭ** ɨʀ ɫɛɟɩɴʀɝ ɟɠ ɨʀɴɩ ɨɠ ɢɜɛɝɦɠɨɠ ɨɠ ɢɟɩɦɛɨɠ Ƚ Ɍɭɮɬ
Ɉɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɢ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɨɠ
318. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɫɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɜɲɢɫɶ ɮɨɬɨɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ ɭɹɜɿɬɶ ɭɫɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜ ɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɿɣ ɡɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɡɚ ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɣɨɦɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ
Ɋɩɝʀɨɷ ɋʀɲɥɛ ɨɛɜɫɺɥɦɛ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɨɠ ɝɣɟɨɩ ɨɛɲɠ ɤ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɛ ɝɠɫɜɩɦʀɢ ɮɡɠ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɪɦɣɝɠ ɪɩ ɰɝɣɦɺɰ ʀ ɢ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɨɠ ɢɫɮɳɣɭɷ Ȳ ɥɩɦɣ ɟɮɨɠ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɭɩ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɨɛɞɣɨɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɢɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɡɣɝɣɧɣ ɩɬɷ ɩɬɷ ɫɮɳɛɭɷ ɮ ɪɮɭɷ RFɷ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɢʀɫɝɠ ɥɮɴ ʀ ɪɩɥɩɭɣɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩ ɞɦɣɝɣɰ** ɜɛɫɛɨɱɺɰ** ɚɥɩɬɷ ɉɫɲɣɥ ɪɫɣɜʀɞɛɾ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɢɛɰɠ ɥɛɨɣɤ ɢ ɢɛɭɮɧɛɨɠɨɣɧɣ ɩɲɣɧɛ ɢ ɨɛɪʀɝɫɩɢɥɫɣɭɣɧ ɫɩɭɩɧ ʀ ɥɫɣɲɣɭɷ ɢ ɪɩɫɩɞɛ ³ ɍɛɭɮ ɜɛɲɣɝ ɢɛɤɱɺ ɨɛ ɥɩɦɩɟʀ ɪɫɣɧɩɬɭɣɝɬɺ ɛ ɥɩɦɩɟɛ ɥɫɮɭɣɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɨɣɧ ɥɫɮɭɣɭɷɬɺ ɍɛɥ ɴɩɝɠɬɨɣ ³ ɤɟɮɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɟɩ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɩɝɨɛ ɩɟɧɣɥɛɹɭɷ ʀ ɝɠɬɦɮɹɭɷ ɟɩ ɨɠɢɛɭɩɪɦɠɨɣɰ ɞɩɫɜɩɲɥʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɬɭɫʀɝɱʀɝ ɉɬɷ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɬɮɰɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɨɛɲʀɪɦɺɦɩɬɷ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɥɮɴʀɝ ɞɛɦɮɢɢɺ ɪɫɣ ɪɦɣɦɩɞɩ ɬɧʀɭɭɺ ɜɮɫ·ɺɨɮ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɨɠ ɝɣɟɨɩ ɡɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɢɛɤɱɺ ɇɩɡɠ ɞɠɨ ɭɛɧ ɟɠ ɪɠɨɷɩɥ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɲɩɫɨʀɾ" Ȳ ɪʀɟ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɧ ɪɠɨɷɥɩɧ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɂɛɭɠ ɬɥɩɫɩ ɭɛɥɣ ɨɛɟɣɜɮɹɭɷ ɢɛɤɱɺ ³ ɜʀɞɛɾ ɪɩ ɧɩɥɫʀɤ ɦɛɭɱʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɟɩ ɺɥɩʁ ɝɩɟɛ ɦɛɬɩɲɥɩɹ ɞɩɫɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɩɬɷ ɩɬɷ ʀɢɦɣɡɠ ʀ ɝɮɰɛ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɭɛɥ ɡɛɦʀɬɦɣɝɩ ɬɭɣɫɲɛɭɷ ɴɩ ɝ ɞɫɮɟɺɰ ɰʀɜɛ ɡ ɨɠ ɝɩɫɮɰɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɴɩɬɷ ɞɩɬɭɫɠ ȼɛɭɷɥɩ ɜɠɫɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɜɩɧɛ ɫɮɥɛɧɣ ɢɛɾɱɷ ɢɟɫɣɞɛɾɭɷ ɬɺ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ ɮ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɢɛɦɺɥɛɨɣɤ ʀ ɜɠɢɪɩɫɛɟɨɣɤ« Ȱ Ⱦɮɱɛɦɩ
319. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɉɠɢɛɞɩɾɨɛ ɫɛɨɛ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɭɮɫɜɮɾ ɜɩɦɣɭɷ ɐɩɧɛ ɨɠɝʀɫɺɲɣɤ ɦɹɟɣ ɨɛ ɴɩ ɬɮɧɨʀɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɠɲɮɝɛɨɛ ɫʀɲ ɴɩɬɷ ɟɣɝɨɠ ɟʀɦɣɭɣ ɳɥɮɫɮ ɨɠɝɜɣɭɩɞɩ ɝɠɟɧɠɟɺ ɫɩɢɪɩɫɺɟɡɛɭɣɬɺ ɲɣɧɩɬɷ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɮɭɣɧ ɥɫɣɲɣɭɷ ɺɥ ɨɠɟɩɫʀɢɛ ɨɣɤ ɫɠɪɠɭɮɾ ɢ ɨɠɝɧɣɭɣɧ ɪɣɬɥɩɧ ɨɠɞʀɟɨɣɤ ɜɫɛɭɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɴɩ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
§ 35.
Ȼɟɡɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɩ ɭɩ
320. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣɬɟ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɭɞɤɨɦ ɜ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɽ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬ ɧɢɤ ɜ ɿɧɲɢɯ ² ɛɟɡɨɫɨɛɨɜɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɧɚ ɨɩ, ɭɩ ɿ ɞɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɧɢɠɱɟ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ
ȼɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ
ɫɩɜɩɭɛ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɛ ɢɛɟɛɲɛ ɫɩɢɝ·ɺɢɛɨɛ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɠ ɥɨɣɡɥɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨʀ
ɫɩɜɩɭɮ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɩ ɢɛɟɛɲɮ ɫɩɢɝ·ɺɢɛɨɩ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɩ ɥɨɣɡɥɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ
Ƚʀɟ ɺɥɣɰ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɺɥ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ" ɚɥʀ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɣ ɢɝɮɲɛɭɷ ɮɪɠɝɨɠɨʀɳɠ ɪʀɟɥɫɠɬɦɹɹɭɷ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɠɨ ɨɺ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɣɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɟʀʁ" ɒɣ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ" Ɏ ɺɥɣɰ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɛɰ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɾ ɪʀɟɧɠɭɩɧ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɰɭɩ" ɴɩ" ɛ ɝ ɺɥɣɰ ³ ɪɫɺɧɣɧ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɧ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɥɩɞɩ" ɴɩ" " ɒɩɧɮ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝɨʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɜɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝɣɧɣ" _____________________________ ȼɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɛɬɣɝɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥ ɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɢɛɧʀɨɩɹ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɬɮɯʀɥɬ ɩ Ƚɣɬɦɩɝɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɯɩɫɧɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ ɮɪɠɝɨɠɨʀɳɠ ɪʀɟɥɫɠɬ ɦɹɹɭɷ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɺ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɣɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɟʀʁ ɨʀɡ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɪɛɬɣɝɨɣɧɣ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɏɩɫɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ Ɋɫɣ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛɰ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɾ ɝ ɫɩɦʀ ɪʀɟɧɠɭɛ ɪɫɣ ɯɩɫɧɛɰ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ ³ ɝ ɫɩɦʀ ɪɫɺɧɩɞɩ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɛ ɏɩɫɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ ɺɥ ʀ ɜɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩ ɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɢ ɩɬɩɜɩɝɣɧɣ ɢɛɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɺ ɭɣ ɝʀɨ ʀ ɭ ɟ ɮ ɨɛɢɣɝɨɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɮ ɍɩɧɮ ʁɰ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɜɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝɣɧɣ
ɨɩ ɭɩ ȼɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ
321. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɩɿɫɧɿ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɩ ɭɩ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣ ɬɟ ʀɯɧɸ ɛɭɞɨɜɭ ɬɚ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɧɭ ɪɨɥɶ
ɉɤ ɮ ɪɩɦʀ ɡɣɭɩ Ʌɩɪɣɭɛɧɣ ɢɜɣɭɩ Ɋʀɟ ɜʀɦɩɹ ɜɠɫɠɢɩɹ Ʌɩɢɛɲɠɨɷɥɛ ɝɜɣɭɩ Ʌɩɢɛɲɠɨɷɥɛ ɝɜɣɭɩ ɂɛɭɺɞɨɠɨɩ ɝ ɡɣɭɩ ɒɠɫɝɩɨɩɹ ɥɣɭɛɤɥɩɹ Ɇɣɲɠɨɷɥɩ ɨɛɥɫɣɭɩ
322. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɩ, ɭɩ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ʀɯɧɸ ɫɢɧɬɚɤ ɫɢɱɧɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɢ ɞɨ ɧɢɯ
Ȼ ɺɥ ɝɩɨɛ ɴɣɫɩ ɝɲɣɦɛ ɭʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɦɛ ɴɩɜ ʁɰ ɢɨɛ ɭɣ ɴɩɜ ɨɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɪɩɬɧʀɰɩɧ ɮɬɷɩɧɮ ɥɦɛɬɩɝʀ Ȳ ɨɠ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɟɩɬʀ ɨɠ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɪɩɟɮɡɛɭɣ ɨɠɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɩʁ ɥɨɣɡɥɣ Ƚɩɨɛ ɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɪɩɧɣɦɺɦɛɬɺ ɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɫɛɢʀɝ ʁʁ ɩɬɧʀɺ ɨɩ ɢɛ ɱʀ ɪɩɧɣɦɥɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɥɛɫɛɨɩ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɠɝɨɛ ɨʀ ɝ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɬɦɩɝʀ ɲɣ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɾ ɤɩɞɩ ɺɥ ɭɫɠɜɛ Ɉɛɪɣɬɛɨɩ ´ɧɛɬɦɩµ ³ ɧɩɡɠ ɱɠ ɤ ɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɭɠ ɧɛɬɦɩ ɪɫɩ ɺɥɠ ɟɩɬʀ ɢɨɛɦɛ Ɉɛɭɛɦɺ ɧɩɡɠ ɤ ɴɩɬɷ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ʀɨɳɠ ɛɟɡɠ ɟɮɧɛɦɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɴɠ ´ɩɫɛɭɷµ ³ ɱɠ ɨɛ ɪɩɦʀ ɩɫɛɭɣ ɛ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ʁʁ ɝɣɦɛɺɨɩ ɟɮɫɨɩɹ ɤ ɬɥɛɢɛ ɨɩ ɴɩ ɱɠ ɢɨɛɲɣɭɷ ³ ɫɠɪɠɭɮɝɛɭɣ« ȼ Ⱦɫʀɨɲɠɨɥɩ
323. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɩ, ɭɩ ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɡɦɿɫɬ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɿɜ¶ʀɜ
Ƚʀɭɫɩɧ ɪʀɟɜɣɭɩ ɛ ɧɩɫɩɢɩɧ ɪʀɟɳɣɭɩ Ɋʀɟ ɨɩɬɩɧ ɢʀɤɳɦɩ ɛ ɝ ɞɩɦɩɝʀ ɴɠ ɤ ɨɠ ɬʀɺɨɩ ɂɛ ɧɩɾ ɡɣɭɩ ɭɛ ɧɠɨɠ ɤ ɜɣɭɩ ȿɛɨɩ ɭɩɜʀ ɥʀɬɭɩɲɥɮ ɰɩɲ ɦɣɡɣ ɰɩɲ ɨɛɟɛɦʀ ɟɠɫɡɣ Ɉɠ ɝɣɪɰɛɨɩ ɭɛɥ ɝɣɝɠɟɠɨɩ
324*. ȼɿɞ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɭɬɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɩ, ɭɩ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ
ɂɧɩɦɩɭɣ ɢɧɩɦɩɭɣɭɣ ɝ·ʁɢɟɣɭɣ ɪɩɞɩɟɣɭɣ ɪɩɬɛɟɣɭɣ ɢ·ɺɬɮɝɛɭɣ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɭɣ ɪɩɲɮɭɣ
325. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɿ ɜɿɞɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ʀɯ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɩ ɭɩ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ
Ɍɭɩʁɭɷ ɥɩɫɣɭɩ ɪɩɝɨɩ ɝɩɟɣ ɨɛɦɣɭɩ Ɉɠ ɬʀɺɨɩ ɨɠ ɥɩɳɠɨɩ ɨɠ ɝʀɺɨɩ ɨɠ ɧɩɦɩɲɠɨɩ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɢɧɩɲɠɨɠ ɥɛɧɠɨɠɧ ɪɫɣɟɛɝɦɠɨɠ ɨɛ ɢɣɧɮ ɪɫɣɰɩɝɛɨɠ Ɉɛ ɬɭɩɦʀ ɨɠ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɨɩɡɠɧ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɫʀɢɛɨɩ ɛ ɝɠɬɷ ɬɝʀɭ ɨɣɧ ɞɩɟɮɾɭɷɬɺ Ɋɩ ɜʀɦɩɧɮ ɪɩɦɹ ɲɩɫɨɣɧ ɧɛɥɩɧ ɬʀɺɨɩ Ƚʀɟɞɛɟɥɣ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɧɩɦɩɥɩ ɪɣɬɷɧɩ ɬɣɫ ɬɭɛɝɩɥ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
326. ɉɟɪɟɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɦɿɧɸɸɱɢ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɩ, ɭɩ. Ɍɛɟ ɪʀɟɞɩɭɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɟɩ ɢɣɧɣ Ɋʀɟ ɟɠɫɠɝɛɧɣ ɪɫɣɥɩɪɛɨɣɤ ɞɨʀɤ ɂɠɧɦɺ ɬɪɮ ɳɠɨɛ Ʌɩɫʀɨɨɺ ɝɟɩɬɭɛɦɷ ɨɛɪɩɾɨɠ ɝɩɟɩɹ Ɍɭɩɝɜɮɫɣ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɪɩɜʀɦɠɨʀ ɭɛ ɩɜɞɩɫ ɨɮɭʀ ɬɩɦɩɧɩɹ Ɋɫɩɝɠɟɠɨɛ ɩɜɫʀɢɥɛ ɥɫɩɨ
327. ȼɿɞɧɨɜɿɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɿɫɧɟ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɧɹ ɭɪɢɜɤɚ ɡ ɞɭɦɢ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɜɲɢ ɜ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤ ɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɧɚ -ɨɩ. əɤ ɡɦɿɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɹɤɿ ɬɭɬ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚ ɸɬɶ ɩɿɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ"
Ɏ ɭɫɣ ɫɺɟɣ ɜʀɟɨʀ ɜɠɢɴɛɬɨʀ ɨɠɝɩɦɷɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɬɛɟɡɠɨʀ Ɋɩ ɟɝɛ ɪɩ ɭɫɣ ɟɩɥɮɪɣ ɪɩɬɥɩɝɛɨʀ Ɋɩ ɟɝɩɾ ɥɛɤɟɛɨɣ ɨɛ ɨɩɞɣ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɠɨʀ Ɍɣɫɩɹ ɬɣɫɣɱɠɹ ɨɛɢɛɟ ɫɮɥɣ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɍɩɟʀ ɜʀɟɨʀ ɜɠɢɴɛɬɨʀ ɨɠɝɩɦɷɨɣɥɣ ɨɛ ɥɩɦʀɨɛ ɮɪɛɟɛɦɣ Ƚɞɩɫɮ ɫɮɥɣ ɪʀɟʀɤɧɛɦɣ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɛ ɧɣɦɩɬɠɫɟɨɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɰɛɦɣ ɭɛ ɜɦɛɞɛɦɣ«
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɛɟɡɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɩ, ɭɩ. Ƚɪɠɫɠɧʀɳ ʀɢ ɩɬɩɥɩɫɛɧɣ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɟɮɜɣ ɍɮɭ ɨɛ ɦɮɞɩɝɣɨɨʀ ʁɰ ɨɠ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɜɛ ɞɛɭɩ ɬɭɩɺɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɝʀɟɟɛɦʀɥ ɩɟɣɨ ɝʀɟ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɤ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɛɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɞʀɦɦɺɬɭʀ Ʌɩɦɣ ɝɟɝɩɰ ɮɢɺɭɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɫɮɥɣ ɭɩ ʁɰɨʀ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫɣ ɨɛɝɫɺɟ ɲɣ ɩɰɩɪɣɳ ɰʀɜɛ ɴɩ ɝɭɫɷɩɰ ɮɟɛɬɭɷɬɺ Ɉɛ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɰ ɞɛɦɺɝɛɰ ɟɮɜɣ ɱʀ ɪɩɲɮɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɧɛɜɮɭɷ ɬɛɧɩɭɨʀɧɣ ɛɦɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɡɠ ɪɩɢɝɣɥɛɦɣ ɟɩ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɬɛɧɩɭɨɩ ɬɭʀ ʀ ɢɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɫɛɟʀ ʁɤ ȼɩ ɬɭɛɫʀ ɍɩɧɮ ɭɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɦɠɟɷ ɦɠɟɷ ɮɬɧʀɰɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɧ ɜɦɣɬɥɮɲɣɧ ɦɣɬɭɺɧ« Ȼ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɺɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɮ ɪɩɞɩɡɮ ɪɩɫɮ ɺɥɴɩ ɨɠ ɪɩɰɧɮɫʀ ɭɩ ɝɛɡɥɮɝɛɭɩ ɬɪɩɥʀɤɨʀ ɺɥɴɩ ɨɠ ɢɛɡɮɫɠɨʀ ɭɩ ɢɛɪɠɲɛ ɦɠɨʀ ɺɥɩɹɬɷ ɟɮɧɥɩɹ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɬɭɠɫɠɡɠ ɬɝɩɹ ɞɛɦɺɝɮ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɨɠɪɫɣɬɭɮɪɨɛ ɯɩɫɭɠ ɱɺ ɤ ɭɛɧ ɟɠ ɭɫɛɝɮ ɝɡɠ ɝɣɥɩɳɠɨɩ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɩɦɺɞɦɛ ɝ ɪɩɥɩɬɛɰ ɲɣ ɝ ɥɩɪɣɱʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɭɩ ɞɛɦɺɝɣ ɭɛɧ ɬɝʀɭɦʀɳʀ ɪɫɣɜɦɺɥɦʀ ɤ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɟɮɜɣ ɺɥʀ ɴɠ ɨɠɟɛɝɨɩ ɝɝʀɤɳɦɣ ɝ ɬɝɩɹ ɢɠɦɠɨɮ ɬɣɦɮ ɢɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɞɫʀɢɨʀɳʀ ɤ ɪɩɰɧɮɫɨʀɳʀ ɛ ɨɛ ɭɠɧɨʀ
ȼɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ ɨɩ ɭɩ
ɳɣɰ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɰ ɢ ɨɠɝɣɥɩɳɠɨɩɹ ɭɫɛɝɩɹ ɟɮɜɣ ɬɪɩɥʀɤɨʀɳʀ ɨɠ ɭɛɥʀ ɝʀɟɝɠɫɭɩ ɫʀɳɮɲʀ Ƚ ɺɥɣɰ ɫɩɢɟɮɧɛɰ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɺɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɫɠɳɭɮ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ" ɔɩ ʁɧ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɾɭɷ ɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɴɩ ɧʀɫɥɮɾɭɷɬɺ ³ ɪʀɟɰɧɛɫɨɣɧ ɝɠɦɠɭɨɺɧ ɩɱɣɧ ɟʀɟɮɞɛɨɛɧ ɨɠɢɜɩɫɣ ɧɣɧ ɦɣɱɛɫɺɧ ɨɠɝɧɣɫɮɴɩɞɩ ɦʀɬɩɝɩɞɩ ɟɮɰɮ" ɚɥʀ ɧɮɟɫɩɴʀ ɬɮɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɟɩɦɠɹ ɝɣ ɥɩɦɣɬɛɭɣ ʁɧ ʀ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɭɣ ɴɩɜ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɭɣ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɧ ɪɩɥɩɦʀɨɨɺɧ ɴɩɜ ʀ ɝɩɨɣ ʁɰ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɣ ɭɛ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɦɣ ʁɰ ɟɛɦʀ ɮ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɾ ³ ɝ ɭɠ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɾ ɦʀɬɣ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɪɩɬɛɟɡɠɨʀ ɤ ɨɠ ɳɮɧɦɺɭɷ ɺɥɠ ɴɠ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɮ ɡɩɦɮɟɺɰ ɨɠ ɬɪɩɝɣɭɩ" Ɍɭɛɫʀ ɟɮɜɣ ɧɩɝɲɛɭɷ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɱɷ« Ȱ Ⱦɮɱɛɦɩ
ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ ȿɮɜ
ȱȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɉɨ ɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ ɣ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ
ȱ,, Ɋɨɡɲɭɤɚɣɬɟ ɭ ɫɜɨʀɣ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɫɬɿ ɫɬɚɪɨɝɨ ɞɭɛɚ ɚɛɨ ɹɤɟɫɶ ɿɧɲɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɣɨɝɨ ɣ ɨɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɉɨɞɿɥɿɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɞɭɦɤɚɦɢ ɹɤɿ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɢ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɛɿɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ
329. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂɠɫɠɜ ɥɣɨɮɭɩ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɠ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɝɩ ɞɨʀɝ ɜɮɟɷ ɬɥɛɢɛɨɩ ɝɡɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ɝɣɜɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɦɣ ɞɩɝɩɫɺɭɷ ɴɩɬɷ ɨɠɪɫɣɾɧɨɠ ɟɠ ɡ ɭɛɥɣ ɝɣɟɛ ɨɩ ɝɣɬɦʀɝ ɢɟɣɝɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɲɣ ɩɜɮɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɥɛɢɛɨɩ ɺɥ ɢɛɝ·ɺɢɛɨɩ ɝɦɮɲɨɩ ɤ ɭɩɲɨɩ ɨʀ ɟɮɧɛɨɩ ɨʀ ɞɛɟɛɨɩ ɨɠɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɩ ɳɣɭɩ ɤ ɥɫɣɭɩ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɝɬɠ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɧ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
IJªÏÐÈÑ˲ÂÍÈÊ § 36.
Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤ ɹɤ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ
330. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ´ɏɩɫɧɣ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛµ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ ɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ
331. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮµ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɝɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɨɡɧɚɤɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦ ɢɜɮɟɮɝɛɝɳɣ ɪɫɣʁɰɛɝɳɣ ɜɮɟɮ ɹɲɣ ʁɟɮɲɣ 332. ɍ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɩɿɞɦɟɬɢ ɣ ɩɪɢɫɭɞɤɢ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɱɢ ɞɿʀ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɿ ɜ ɪɟ ɱɟɧɧɿ ɫɬɨɫɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɧɿɽʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɱɢ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ ɿ ɡɚ ɹɤɨʀ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɭ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɚ ɡɚ ɹɤɨʀ ɬɚɤɚ ɡɚɦɿɧɚ ɧɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɚ ɋɠɲɠɨɨɺ ɜɠɢ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ
ɋɠɲɠɨɨɺ ɢ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ
ɚ ɪɩɝɩɦʀ ɤɳɩɝ ʀ ɟɮɧɛɝ Ʌɩɦɣ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝ ɧɠɨɠ ɭɩ ɢɫɛɟʀɝ Ʌɩɦɣ ɺ ɤɳɩɝ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝ ɧɠɨɠ
ɚ ɪɩɝɩɦʀ ɤɟɮɲɣ ɟɮɧɛɝ Ƚʀɨ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝɳɣ ɧɠɨɠ ɢɫɛɟʀɝ ɂɛɧʀɨɛ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɛ
333. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɩɿɞɦɟɬɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɞɤɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ əɤɚ ɞɿɹ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɚ ɬɭɬ ² ɧɚɡɜɚɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɱɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ ɧɢɤɨɦ"
ȼɮɞɛɤ ɰɩɟɣɝ ɪɩ ɥɫɮɞɮ ɥɫɛɬɣɝɩ ɝɣɞɨɮɝɳɣ ɡɣɫɨɮ ɝ ɝɛɡɥɣɰ ɢɧɩɫɳɥɛɰ ɳɣɹ ɨɠ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɹɲɣ ɮɝɛɞɣ ɨɛ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɴɩ ɩɜɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɢʀ ɝɬʀɰ ɜɩɥʀɝ Ƚʀɨ ɞɫɛɝɬɺ ɢ ɨɣɧɣ ʀ ɟɫɛɡɨɣɝ ʁɰ ɋɩɢʀɞɨɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɧɲɛɝ ɟɝɩɫɩɧ ɺɥ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɺɥ ɢɦɣɤ ɟɮɰ ʀ ɫɛɪɭɩɧ ɨɛɦɠɭʀɝɳɣ ɨɛ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɮ ɬɭʀɨɮ ɢɮɪɣɨɺɝɬɺ ɨʀɜɣ ɝɫɩɬɭɛɝ ɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ ɍɹɭɹɨɨɣɥ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ³ ɱɠ ɨɠɢɧʀɨɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɺɥɛ ɝʀɟɪɩ ɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɦɺɲɣ" ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɝɳɣ" Ɏ ɫɠɲɠɨɨʀ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɾ ɩɜɬɭɛɝɣɨɩɹ ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɤ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀ ɤ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨʀ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɺɥ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
ɚɥɴɩ ɴɩɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɠ ɟɝɛ ɪɫɣɬɮɟɥɣ ɬɭɩɬɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɩʁ ɬɛɧɩʁ ɟʀɤɩɝɩʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɭɩ ɩɟɣɨ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɢɛɧʀɨɣɭɣ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɚɥɴɩ ɡ ɪɫɣ ɬɮɟɥɣ ɬɭɩɬɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɟʀɤɩɝɣɰ ɩɬʀɜ ɭɩ ɭɛɥɛ ɢɛɧʀɨɛ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɛ ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾ ɟɫɮɞɩɫɺɟɨɮ ɟʀɹ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɢ ɟʀɾɹ ɨɛɢɝɛɨɩɹ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝɩɹ ɯɩɫɧɩɹ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ 334. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɉɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɩɿɞɦɟɬɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɞɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧɢ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɞɿɽ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ
Ȳ ɭɫɠɧɭɣɭɷ ɬɰɝɣɦɷɩɝɛɨɠ ɥɩɦɩɬɬɺ ɬɰɣɦɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɟɩ ɧɩɞɩ ɪɦɠɲɛ ɉ ɍɠ ɦʀɞɛ Ƚɬɭɛɾ ɝ ɨɩɝʀɤ ɥɫɛɬʀ ɢɛɜɮɝɳɣ ɦɣɰɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɭɝɩɺ ɍɛɫɛɬɠ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɠɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ ȿʀɭɣ ɝɣɭɺɞɦɣ ɬɛɨɲɛɭɛ ʀ ɜ·ɹɲɣ ɪʀɟɜɩɫɛɧɣ ɩɜ ɬɨʀɞ ɧɲɛɭɷ ɝɠɬɠɦʀ ɝɠɬɨɮ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɛɭɣ ɫɩɢɬɣɪɛɹɲɣ ɝɠɬɠɦɣɤ ɬɧʀɰ ɂɣɧɩɝɣɤ ɝɠɲʀɫ ɢɛɥɮɫɣɝɳɣ ɦɹɦɷɥɮ ɫɩɢɬɣɪɛɝ ɢɩɫʀ ɨɛɲɠ ʀɬɥɫɣ ȼʀɦʀɹɭɷ ɬɧɩɦɩɬɥɣɪɣ ɞɫɛɤɦɣɝɩ ɪɩɯɛɫɜɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɺɦɣɨ ³ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɭɩɺɭɷ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɮ ɲɠɫɝɨʀ ɦɣɪɣ ɢɛɜɫʀɝɳɣ ɝ ɬɣɝɣɤ ʀ ɞɮɬɭɣɤ ɪɩɦɣɨ ɂ ɭɝ Ƚ Ɍɣɧɩɨɠɨɥɛ
Ȼ Ʌɛɳɳɛɤ Ƚɠɲʀɫ ɪʀɟ Ⱦɩɝɠɫɦɩɹ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧɢ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱ ɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɞɤɢ ɞɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɉɨɦɿɪɤɭɣɬɟ ɱɨɦɭ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɜɠɢɬɨ ɧɟ ɜ ɭɫɿɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɞɟ ɽ ɞɜɚ ɿ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɞɤɿɜ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɿɞɦɟɬɿ
Ɏɢɺɝ ɭɩɤ ɰɦɩɪɠɱɷ ɢ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɥɩɳɦɛɭɮ ɺɥ ɮ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞʀɝ ɳɛɪɥɮ ʀ ɝɮɢɟɠɲɥɮ ɛ ɭɩɲɨʀɳɠ ³ ɩɜɫɩɭɷɥɮ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɟɢɠɦɠɨɲɣɭɷ ɝɮɟɣɦɛɧɣ «Ʉɩɞɩ ɩɜɝ·ɺɢɛɦɣ ɦɣɨɝɩɹ ʀ ɬɪɮɬɭɣɦɣ ɢ ɯɩɫɭɠɲɨɩʁ ɬɭʀɨɣ ɝ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɣɤ ɫʀɝ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɟɠ ɬɭʀɨɛ ɪɫɣɦɺɞɛɾ ɟɩ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɷɩʁ ɬɭɩɫɩɡɩɝɩʁ ɜɛɳɭɣ« ȿɩɬɺɞɨɮɝɳɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɬɧʀɦɣɝɠɱɷ ɩɢɣɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɨɛɝɥɫɮɞɣ ɂɩɝɬʀɧ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɪɛ ɦɛɦɣ ɝɩɞɨɣɴɛ Ƚɩɫɩɞɣ ʁɦɣ ɡɛɟʀɜɨɩ ɲɛɝɥɛɹɲɣ ɢɛɪɣɝɛɹɲɣ ʁɡɮ ɥɮɧɣɬɩɧ** Ƚʀɟ ɢɛɪɛɰɮ ʁɡʀ ɝ ɰɦɩɪɱɺ ɢɛɪɛɧɩɫɩɲɣɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɞɩɦɩɝʀ Ȼɦɠ ɧɮɬɣɝ ɝɣɲʀɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɉɬɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɝɦɺɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɪɛɭɣ Ȼ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɬɨɩɝɣɞɛɹɭɷ ɢʀ ɬɪɣɬɛɧɣ ɝ ɫɮ ɥɛɰ ɪɩɞɦɺɟɛɹɲɣ ɫɛɢ ɪɩ ɫɛɢ ɨɛ ɬɭʀɨɮ«
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɂɨɛɝ ɰɦɩɪɠɱɷ ɩɟɨɠ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɦɠɡɛɭɣ ɧʀɡ ɥɮɴɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ³ ɩɭ ɩɭ ɢʀɤɟɠ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ɍɩɡ ɫʀɳɮɲɠ ɪʀɟɝʀɝɬɺ ɤ ɪʀɳɩɝ ɟɩ ɝɩɞɨʀɝ ɉɬɦʀɪɦɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɦɮɧ·ɺɧ ʀ ɬɦɷɩ ɢɛɧɣ ɴɩ ɭɠɥɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɺɟɮɲɩɞɩ ɟɣɧɮ ɨɠɨɛɫɩɥɩɧ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɨɛ ɫɮɥɮ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɡɣɨɮ Ʌɩɲʀɝɨɣɥ ɬɪɛɝ ³ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɲɮɭɦɣɝɩ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɪʀɟɰɩɪɣɝɬɺ ɬɠɫɟɣɭɩ ɪɫɩɰɫɣɪʀɝɳɣ ³ ɐɭɩ ɭɛɥɣɤ" ³ Ʌɩɨɺ ɳɮɥɛɹ« ³ ɧɩɝɣɝ ɹɨɣɤ ɥɣɺɨɣɨ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɝɣɧɩɝɦɺɭɣ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɭɛɥ ɺɥ ɨɛɝɲɣɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɢɷɥʀ ɜɫɛɨɱʀ Ɍ Ɋɦɛɲɣɨɟɛ
ȱȱ ɉɪɨ ɹɤɿ ɱɚɫɢ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɭɪɢɜɤɭ" ɉɪɨ ɫɬɿɧɢ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɬɭɬ ɿɞɟɬɶɫɹ" ɍ ɹɤɭ ɩɨɪɭ ɞɧɹ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɿɹ"
336. ɍ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɞɟ ɰɟ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɞɤɢ ɡɚɦɿɧɿɬɶ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧɚɦɢ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɢɦɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫ ɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɿɡ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɣɬɟ ɡ ɨɛɨɯ ɛɨɤɿɜ ɤɨɦɚɦɢ
ɉɨ ɮ ɜɛɦɱʀ ɟɠ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɪʀɟɬɩɰɦɛ ɥɮɪɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɪɣɦɹɢʀ ɢɛɾɱɷ ɥɛɲɛ ɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɜɩɥɮ ɨɛ ɜʀɥ ɭɛ ɲɠɜɠɫɺɾ ɦɛɪɛɧɣ Ɉɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɬʀɝ ɝɧɣɝɛɾ ɝɮɬɛ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɪɩ ɭɺɞɨɮɝɬɺ ɢʀ ɬɧɛɥɩɧ ʀ ɨɠɥɝɛɪɨɩ ɢɛɬɭɫɣɜɛɝ ɟɩ ɦʀɬɩɬɧɮɞɣ Ȼɦɠ ɭɮɭ ɪɫɩɨɣɢɦɣɝɩ ɢɛɥɫɣɲɛɦɣ ʀ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɢ ɪʀɟ ɨʀɞ ɝɣɰɩɪɣɦɣɬɷ ɪɠɫɠɦɺɥɛɨʀ ɥɮɫʀɪɥɣ ɔɩɪɫɛɝɟɛ ɪɭɛɰɣ ɬɥɩɫɩ ɫɩɢʀɜɫɛɦɣɬɷ ɰɭɩ ɝɣɨɮɝɛɭɠɱɷ ɪɛɨʀɥɣ ɤ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɪɩɪɛɟɛɦɣ ɝ ɭɫɛ ɝɮ ³ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɫɺɟɩɲɥɩɧ ɝɣɭɺɞɦɣ ɳɣʁ ɤ ɦɠɧɠɨɭɮɹɭɷ ɂɛɤɱɺ ɦɛɹɭɷ Ȼ ɭɩɤ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɪɩɬɭɩɝɜɣɲɣɝ ʀ ɪɩɬɭɫɣɜɛɝ ɬɩɜʀ ɟɛɦʀ ɂɛ Ƚ Ɍɠɝɛɬɭɷɺɨɩɝɣɧ
337. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɣ ɜɿɞɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ʀɯ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧɢ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫ ɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɞɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɨɧɢ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɪɹɞɧɭ ɞɿɸ
ȿɝʀ ɬɠɬɭɫɣɱʀ ɪʀɳɦɣ ɨɛɪɣɭɣɬɷ ɝɩɟɣɱʀ ɛ ɜɫɛɭ ɢʀɞɨɮɝɳɣɬɷ ɬɭɩɺɝ ɭɛ ɬɠɬɭɫɣɲɩɥ ɲɠɥɛɝ Ɉɛɬɥɛɥɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɨɛɢɝɣɝɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɪɩɫɩɰɮ ɨɛɥɩɝɭɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɮ ɥɮɭɩɲɥɮ ɬɪɩɲɣɝɛɾ ɐɛɭɨɺ ɥɩɫɩɝɛ ɪɩʁɟɛɹɲɣ ɟɫɩɝɛ ɝɠɬɷ ɟʀɧ ɢʀɞɫʀɝɛ Ʉɟɠ ɨɠ ɫɮɰɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɢ ɧʀɬɱɺ Ƚʀɟɞɛɟɥɣ ɞɫɮɜɛ ɝʀɟɫɛ ɤ ɥɩɫɩɧɣɬɦɩ ɞɩɟɣɨɨɣɥ ɝʀɨɣɥ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɿɡ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɢ ɫɥɨ ɜɚɦɢ
Ƚɢɺɝɳɣ ɪʀɟ ɫɮɥɮ ɞɩɬɭɺ ɚɝɩɫɨɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɝʀɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɥɛɜʀɨɠɭɮ ³ Ɍʀɟɛɤɭɠ ɟɩɜɫɣɤ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɲɠ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɤɭɠ ɴɩ ɝɛɬ ɪɫɣɝɠɦɩ ɟɩ ɧɠɨɠ Ʌɩɜɢɛɫ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɢɨɛɰɩɟɺɲɣ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɣɝ ɬɝɩɹ ɢɛɨɠɪɩɥɩɾɨʀɬɭɷ ɴɩ ɨɣɨʀ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɺɥɠɬɷ ɢɨɠɰɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɧ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩɧ ɚɥɴɩ ɨɠɟɛɝɨɩ ɴɠ ɜɛɨɟɮɫɣɬɭɣ ɥɩɜɢɛɫʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɳɛɨɩɝɛɨɣɧɣ ɦɹɟɷɧɣ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɭɺɞɦɣɬɷ ɦɹɟɣ ɴɩɜ ɪɩɲɮɭɣ ɪɫɩ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɮ ɬɭɛɫɩɝɣɨɮ ɪɩɬɦɮɰɛɭɣ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɮ ɪʀɬɨɹ ɭɩ ɨɣɨʀ ɟɩ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɭɣɬɷ ɜɛɤɟɮɡʀɬɭɷ ȿɧɣɭɫɩ Ȳɝɛɨɩɝɣɲ ɪɩɞɦɛɟɡɮɹɲɣ ɬɣɝʀ ɝɮɬɛ ɮɝɛɡɨɩ ɝɣɬɦɮɰɛɝ ɞɩɬɭɺ ɪɩ ɬɧʀɰɨɮɝɬɺ ɛ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɧɩɝɲɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɩɧɩɝɣɝ ³ ɒɛɬ ɭɛɥɣɤ« Ƚɣɜɛɲɭɠ ɺɥ ɝɛɬ"
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɺɥ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ
³ ɉɦɠɥɬɛ Ɍɠɧɠɨɩɝɣɲ« ³ ɒɛɬ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɉɦɠɥɬɩ Ɍɠɧɠɨɩɝɣɲɮ« Ȳ ´ɢɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɬɠɫɱɺ ɞɮɫɥɩɭɣɭɷ ɧɩ ɭɩɫ«µ ³ ɺɥɩɬɷ ɨɠɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɩ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɝ ɪɫɩɯɠɬɩɫ ɬɺɤɨɮɝɳɣ ɦɮɥɛɝɩɹ ɮɬɧʀɳɥɩɹ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɝɮɬɛ ɂɛ Ȳ ɓɛɪɩɝɛɦɩɧ
ȱȱ ɓɨ ɜɚɦ ɜɿɞɨɦɨ ɩɪɨ ɤɨɛɡɚɪɿɜ ɩɪɨ ʀɯɧɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ" ɉɨɝɨɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɰɿ ɡɜ¶ɹɡɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɛɚɣɤɭ ɿ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɿɣ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ³ ȿɠ ɭɣ ɝɢɺɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɧɩɹ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ" ³ ɪɣɫɬɥɛɦɩ ʀɬɥɫɛɧɣ ɭɫɮɰɦɺɝɠ ɬɣɫɠ Ɋɩ ɦʀɨɩ ɝ ɪɠɲʀ ³ ɔɠ ɺɥɣɤɬɷ ɟɠɨɷ ɪɩɦɠɡɛɦɩ ɜ ɮ ɭɫɛɝʀ ɪɩɧɣɦɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɜʀɦɣɧ ɬɝʀɭɩɧ ³ ȿɛɫɠɧɨɩ ɪɫɩɥɦɣɨɛɾɳ ɧɠɨɠ ³ ɢɛɞɩɞɩɭʀɦɩ ɞɛɫɺɲɠ Ɋɩɦɮɧ·ɺ ³ ɐʀɜɛ ɨɠ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɝɳɣ ɢɛ ɩɟɨɮ ɧɣɭɷ ɝʀɟɟɛɭɣ ɦɹɟɺɧ ɮɬɠ ɭɠɪɦɩ ɛɨʀɡ ɩɜɫɩɬɭɛ ɹɲɣ ɧɩɰɩɧ ɫɩɥɛɧɣ ɞɨɣɭɣ ɝ ɞɦɮɰɩɧɛɨʀ" Ȳ Ƚɦɛɬɠɨɥɩ
ȱȱ ɉɟɪɟɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɛɚɣɤɭ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ɏȱȱ Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɝɭɦɨɪɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɭ Ɏ ɞɮɧɩɫɣɬɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɭɝɩɫʀ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɩɧɮ ɢɛ ɩɜɬɺɞɩɧ ɮ ɡɛɫɭʀɝɦɣ ɝʀɤ ɯɩɫɧʀ ɟɩɜɫɩɢɣɲɦɣɝɩ ɝɣɬɧʀɹɹɭɷ ɦɹɟɬɷɥʀ ɝɛɟɣ Ɏ ɭɛɥɩɧɮ ɭɝɩɫʀ ɨʀɜɣ ɪɩɝɛɡɨɩ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɨɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɬɧʀɳɨɠ ɨɠɫɩɢɮɧ ɨɠ Ȳ ɱɠ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɲɣɭɛɹɲɣ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɭɝʀɫ
ɍ ɩɨɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɞɚɥɿ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɹɤɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɬɢ ɜ ɱɢɬɚɱɚ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȒȐȎțȎȒȤȭȠȖȗ ǼșȓțȥȖț
ɅɉɈɍȻɅɍ ɂ ´ɊɋɃȼɎɆɗɑɚɇɃµ Ɍɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɩ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɞɩɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɪɫɩ ɥɩɨɭɛɥɭɣ ɢ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɪɩɢɛɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀɤ ɉɟɣɨ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɝɳɣ ɝ ɰɣɧɠɫɨɣɤ ɢɩɫɠɦʀɭ ɪɩɜɮɝɛɝ ɨɛ ɟɣɝɩɝɣɡɨɣɰ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɛɰ Ȳɨɳɣɤ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɝɳɣɬɷ ʀɢ ɪɫɣɜɮɦɷɱɺɧɣ ɫɛɪɭɩɧ ɬɭɛɝɛɝ ɺɬɨɩɝɣɟɱɠɧ ɧʀɞ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɲɣɭɛɝɳɣ ɡɩɟɨɩʁ ɥɨɣɡɥɣ ɝɬɠ ɢɨɛɭɣ Ȼ ɩɭ ɇɣɥɩɦɷɱɠɝʀ Ɍʀɫɺɥɩɝʀ ɨʀɺɥ ɨɠ ɴɛɬɭɣɦɩ ɐɩɲ ɜɣ ɺɥɛɬɷ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥɛ ɥɩɫɩɭɠɬɠɨɷɥɛ ɭɛɥɛ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲ Ȳ ɨɠɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝʀɨ ɰɩɭʀɝ ɜɣ ³ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɴɩɜ ɨɛ ɢɛɝɭɫɛ ɧʀɞ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɢɨɛɭɣ ɝɬʀ ɮɫɩɥɣ ȼɩ ɝɡɠ ʀ ɝ ɳɥɩɦʀ ʀ ɝɟɩɧɛ ɨɛɟɭɩ ɦɛɹɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɜɢɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɦɠɟɛɫɠɧ Ȳ ɫɛɪɭɩɧ Ȼɦɠ ɝɬɠ ɪɩ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɮ ȼɮɦɩ ɝɡɠ ɪɩɨɩɲʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɇɣɥɩɦɷɱɷɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɝɬɺ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɝʀɟ ɭɩɝɛɫɣɳɛ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɟɝɩɰ ɳɛɬɭɛɦɣ ɝ ʀɨɭɠɫɨɠɭʀ Ɋɫɣɭɣɬɥɛɝ ɧɩɫɩɢ ɟɩɜɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɪʀɟ ɪɛɦɷɭɩ ɪʀɟ ɳɛɪɥɮ Ȳ ɫɛɪɭɩɧ ɢ ɭɠɧɫɺɝɣ ɝɣɫɣɨɮɦɣ ɪɩɰɣɭɮɹɲɣɬɷ ɟɝʀ ɪɩ ɬɭɛɭʀ ɨɠ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɬɰɩɡʀ ɨɛ ɦɹɟɠɤ Ƚɣɟɨɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɠɢɝɣɥɦʀ ɟɩ ɢɠɧɨɩɞɩ ɭɺɡʀɨɨɺ ɜɩ ɪɩɞɛɨɩ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɩɞɛɰ ³ Ƚɣ ʀɨɩɪɦɛɨɠɭɺɨɣ" ³ ɥɣɨɮɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɇɣɥɩɦɷɱɷɩ ³ ɍɛɥ ³ ɞɩɦɩɬ ɜɮɝ ɺɥɣɤɬɷ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɣɤ ɨɠɢɠɧɨɣɤ ³ ɚ ɰɩɲɮ ³ ɂɨɛɾɧɩ ɴɩ ɭɣ ɰɩɲɠɳ Ɍɥɣɟɛɤ ɳɛɪɥɮ ɂɛɫɛɢ ɨɛɥɦɛɟɠɧɩ ɭɩɜʀ ɝ ɞɩɦɩ ɝɮ ɫɩɢɮɧɮ ɇɣɥɩɦɷɱɷɩ ɬɥɩɫʀɳɠ ɬɥɣɨɮɝ ɨɩɫɥɩɝɮ ɳɛɪɥɮ ɉɟɣɨ ɢ ɪɫɣɜɮɦɷɱʀɝ ɝɣ ɰɩɪɣɝ ʁʁ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɢ ɫɮɥ ɛ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɨɛɥɦɛɟɛɭɣ ɫɩɢɮɧ ɤɩɧɮ ɝ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɛɡ ɢɜɦɣɬɥɣ ɢɛɧɣɞɩɭʀɦɣ ɝ ɇɣɥɩɦɷɱɠɝɣɰ ɩɲɛɰ Ʌɩɦɣ ɇɣɥɩɦɷɱɷɩ ɩɭɺɧɣɝ ɬɺ ɪɫɣɜɮɦɷɱʀɝ ɮɡɠ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ Ȳ ɳɛɪɥɮ ɝʀɟɟɛɭɣ ɢɛɜɮɦɣ Ȼɦɠ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɜʀɟɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɠ ɱɠ ʀ ɨɠ ɬɣɨɱʀ ɨɛ ɦɩɜʀ ɛ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɞɩ ɟɨɺ ɇɣɥɩɦɷɱɷɩ ɬɰɩɪɣɝ ɩɟɫɛɢɮ ɛɡ ɟɝʀ ɨɠɢɛɟɩɝʀɦɷɨʀ ɩɱʀɨɥɣ Ɋɫɣɜɮɦɷɱʀ ɨɠ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɦɣ
340. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ Ɉɥɟɧɱɢɧɭ ɝɭɦɨɪɟɫɤɭ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɿɣ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɜɢɞ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɣ ɜɢ ɫɤɥɚɫɬɢ ɝɭɦɨɪɟɫɤɭ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ
§ 37.
Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ
ȱ ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ əɤɿ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɡɜɭɤɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɯ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ"
Ɋɦɣɝɮɲɣ ɩɬɝʀɭɣɝɳɣ ɫɩɢɞɮɜɣɝɳɣ ɴɠɜɠɲɮɲɣ ɩɥɦɣɞɛɝɳɣ ɩɡɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɜɛ ɲɛɲɣ ɝɣɪɦɣɝɳɣ ɝɫɛɢɣɝɳɣ ɩɲʀɥɮɹɲɣ ɟɣɝɦɺɲɣɬɷ ɢɛɟɮɧɛɝɳɣɬɷ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ʀ ´ ɤ ʀɫɡɠɹ ɝʀɢɷɧɠɭɷɬɺµ. 342. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɣ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɹɤ ɬɜɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨ ɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɤɭ ɬɺ. Ɉɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ
ɺ ɩɬɩɜɛ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ
ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɭɣ ɳɠɪɩɭʀɭɣ ɳɠɪɩɭɛɭɣɬɺ
ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɹ ɭɷ ɳɠɪɩɭɺ ɭɷ ɳɠɪɩɲɮ ɭɷɬɺ
ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɹ ɲɣ ɳɠɪɩɭɺ ɲɣ ɳɠɪɩɲɮ ɲɣɬɷ
343. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɣ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɧɚ ɹɤɭ ɞɿɸ ɜɤɚɡɭɸɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚ ɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ² ɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɭ ɱɢ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɭ ɡ ɞɿɽɸ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɨɸ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨ ɜɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɦɢɧɭɥɭ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɸ ɱɢ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɸ
Ɋɩɫɮɲ ɟɢɹɫɥɩɭʀɝ ɺɬɨɣɤ ɬɭɫɮɧɩɥ ɬɭɫɣɜɛɹɲɣ ɪɩ ɢɠɦɠɨʀɧ ɩɜɫɩɬɦʀɧ ɧɩɰɩɧ ɥɛɧʀɨɨɹ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ Ȳ ɫɛɟɩ ɪ·ɾ ɢɟɫɣɞɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɩɟ ɴɛɬɭɺ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɥɫɛɪ ɦɣɨɣ ɬɝʀɡʀ ɭɛ ɬɫʀɜɦɺɬɭʀ ɇ ɋɣɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ Ƚɣ ɪɩɭɣɰɠɨɷɥɮ ɪɦɣɝɭɣɧɠ ɭɠ Ɍʀɝɠɫɬɷɥɣɧ ȿʀɨɱɠɧ ɧɣɦɮɹɲɣɬɷ ɲɮɟɠɬɨɣɧɣ ɥɫɛɾɝɣɟɛɧɣ ɂɛ ɉɬɭɛɪɩɧ Ƚɣɳɨɠɹ
344. Ɂɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɡ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɨɡɜɭɱɧɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢ ɤɢ ɜ ɧɚɡɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɭ ɦɧɨɠɢɧɢ ɺɥʀ" ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɦɺɲɣ" əɤɢɦɢ ɡɜɭɤɚɦɢ ɜɨɧɢ ɪɿɡɧɹɬɶɫɹ" ɂʀɭɰɛɹɲʀ ɰɝɣɦʀ ɢɛɝɧɣɫɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ɧɩɫɺ ɐɝɣɦʀ ɢʀɭɰɛɹɲɣ ɢɛɝɧɣɫɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ɧɩɫɺ ȿɩɞɩɫɺɹɲʀ ɪɫɩɧɠɨʀ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɪɩɝɩɦʀ ɞɛɬɦɣ Ɋɫɩɧɠɨʀ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɟɩɞɩɫɺɹɲɣ ɪɩɝɩɦʀ ɞɛɬɦɣ Ɉɠɫɩɢɮɧʀɹɲʀ ɪɩɞɦɺɟɣ ɧɣɧɩɝɩɦʀ ɨɛɭɣɥɛɦɣɬɺ ɩɟɣɨ ɨɛ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ Ɇɹɟɣ ɨɠ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɹɲɣ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɢɣɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ
Ɏ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɾ ɢɝɮɥɩɬɪɩɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɲɣ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɟʀɾɝʀɟɧʀɨɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɣ ɮɲɣ ɹɲɣ ɛɜɩ ɛɲɣ ɺɲɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɦɺɭɷ" ɢɛɧʀɨɩɹ ɥʀɨɱɠɝɩɞɩ ɭɷ ɨɛ ɲɣ Ɏ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɲɛɬɭɥɛ ɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɮ ɬɷ ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɟʀɹ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɨɮ ɢ ɟʀɾɹ ɨɛɢɝɛɨɩɹ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɩɧ ɮ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝʀɤ ɯɩɫɧʀ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɨɛ ɲɛɬ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɠ ɝɥɛɢɮɹɭɷ Ɏ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɣɳɠɧɩ ɣ ɮ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɰ ɛɥɭɣɝ ɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɮ ɨɛɢɣɝɨɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɮ ɧɨɩɡɣɨɣ ɪɣɳɠɧɩ ʀ 345. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɣ ɩɨ ɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ ɬɚ ɧɚ ɹɤɭ ɞɿɸ ɜɤɚɡɭɸɬɶ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɞɿɽɸ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɨɸ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ
Ƚɠɬɨɺɨɣɤ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɨɠɭɠɫɪɦɺɲɠ ɢʀɭɰɛɾ ɩɜɜʀɞɛɹɲɣ ɮɢɦʀɬɬɺ ɭɛ ɫɩɢɝʀɝɛɹɲɣ ɞʀɦɦɺ ɪɦɛɥɮɲʀɤ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ɋʀɲɥɛ ɪɦɣɨɠ ɜɠɫɠɞ ɫɝɮɲɣ ɟɛɦʀ ɟɛɦʀ ɪɩɪʀɟ ɥɫɮɲʀ ɂ ɭɝ Ɇɠɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɣ Ɋɩɫɩɡɨʀɤ ɜɠɫɠɞ ɧɩɫɺ Ƚɛɦ ɳɮɧɨɣɤ ɬɪɛɟɛɹɲɣ ɞɮɫɥɩɲɠ ɫʀɨɨɹ** ɬɭɣɰɛ ɇɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɩɫɠɦ ɳɮɞɛɹɲɣ ɝɬɠ ɝɣɴɠ ɢ ɩɲɠɤ ɢɨɣɥɛɾ ɂ ɭɝ Ȱ Ɋɦɮɡɨɣɥɛ ɉɭɛɥ ɧɣ ʁɰɛɦɣ ɭɩ ɢ ɨɛɟɬɛɟɨɣɧ ɝɣɭɭɺɧ ɧɩɭɩɫɛ ɪɨɮ ɲɣɬɷ ɮɞɩɫɮ ɭɩ ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɬɪɮɬɥɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɮɨɣɢ Ȱ Ⱦɮɱɛɦɩ
ȱ ɉɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɜɲɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɜ ɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɦɧɨɠɢɧɢ ɬɟɩɟɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɦɺɭɷ" ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɮɭɷ ( ɹɭɷ) ɿɡ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɛɭɷ ( ɺɭɷ) ȿɣɧʀɭɣ ɧɣɞɩɭɛɭɣ ɩɬɮɳɮɝɛɭɣ ɮɲɣɨɣɭɣ ɝɛɞɛɭɣɬɺ ɳɠɦɠɬɭʀɭɣ ɛɨɛɦʀɢɮɝɛ ɭɣ ʀɬɥɫɣɭɣ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɭ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ɉɚɧɚɫɚ Ɇɢɪɧɨɝɨ ´Ɍɪʀɝ ³ ɭɩ µ. ȱ ȼɿɞ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɭɬɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɿɡ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɮɲɣ ( ɹɲɣ) ɿɡ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɛɲɣ ɺɲɣ . ɂɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɬɝɣɬɭɛɭɣ ɝɠɫɭʀɭɣ ɬɝɣɬɭʀɭɣ ʀɭɣ ɳɛɬɭɛɭɣ ɥɦɠɥɩɭɛɭɣ ɦʀɢɭɣ ɩɤ ɥɛɭɣ ɩɟɮɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɦʀɪɣɭɣ ɢɟɩɫɩɝɣɭɣ ɝɩɦɩɲɣɭɣ ɞɮɫɥɩɭɛɭɣ ɩɲʀɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɧɩ ɦɣɭɣ ɱʀɟɣɭɣ ɬɣɪɛɭɣ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ Ɉ ɉɿɞɫɭɯɢ ɱɨɬɢɪɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ´ɔɛ ɬɭɺ ³ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɭɣ ɬɪɩɥɩɹ µ 348. ɍ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɨɞɧɟ ɡ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɹɤɟ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɽ ɦɟɧɲ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɭ ɞɿɸ ɩɨɞɚɣɬɟ ɭ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ
ɂɛɬɝɣɬɭʀɝ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɢɫɣɝɛɝ ɰɧɛɫɣ ɬɨʀɞɮ Ƚʀɭɠɫ ɳɛɦɠɨʀɝ ɢɜɣɝɛɝ ɢɦɣ ɝɮ ɜɫɣɢɩɥ ɢ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɇʀɨɣɝɬɺ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ɰɩɝɛɝɬɷ ɮ ɬɨʀɞɩɝʀɤ ʀɧɦʀ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ
ɐɝɣɦʀ ɞɮɦɺɦɣ ɪɩ ɥɩɫɧʀ ɢɛɦɣɝɛɦɣ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɪɩ ɥɩɦʀɨɛ Ɇɹɟɣ ɪɦɣɞɛɦɣ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɪɛɫɩɪɦɛɝɛ ɟɣɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɢ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɰ ɭʀɨɠɤ ɂɛ ɇ ɍɫɮɜɦɛʁɨʀ
349. Ⱦɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɞɨɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɢ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɩɨɪɹɞ Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɨɠ ɡ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ Ɋɩɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɧɠɫɠɰɭɦɣɝɩ ɨɛɝɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɥɣ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɬɭɛɨɮ ɴɣɫɩ ɨɠɴɣɫɩ ɪɩ ɰɧɮɫɩ Ɍɣɨɩɨʀɧɣ ɨɠ ɝɴɮɰɛɹɲɣ ɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɡɛɹɲɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɥɫɣɝɦɺɲɣ ɟɮ ɳɠɹ ɧɣɞɛɹɲɣ ɨɠ ɝɞɛɝɛɹɲɣ ɨɠ ɝɧɩɝɥɛɹɲɣ ɨɠ ɢɮɪɣɨɺɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɠ ɦɮɥɛɝɦɺɲɣ ɨɠ ɪɩɬɪʀɳɛɹɲɣ ɨɠ ɰɛɪɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɰɧɮɫɺɲɣɬɷ ɜɦɣɧɛɹɲɣ ɪɠɫɠɞɛɨɺɹɲɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ
350. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ Ⱦɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɞɟ ɰɟ ɞɨɰɿɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɦɿɧɿɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɉɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɩɪɢɫɭɞɤɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɨɧɢ ɫɬɨɫɭɸɬɶɫɹ
Ɉɛɟ ɞɩɫɛɧɣ ɦʀɦɩɝɣɧɣ ɨɛɟ ɜɮɤɨɣɧɣ ɨɠɭɫɺɧɣ ɬɭɩɺɝ ɬɦʀɪɮɲɣɤ ɬɩɨɺɲɨɣɤ ɫɛɨɩɥ ɞɫɛɝ ɝɬʀɧɛ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɛɧɣ ɝɠɬɠɦɥɣ ɇʀɦɷɺɫɟɣ ɪɠɫɦɣɨ ɧɠɫɠɰɭʀɦɣ ɨɛ ɝɬɷɩ ɧɮ ɝɣɪɫɩɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥʀ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɫɩɢɬɣɪɛɦɣ ɬɪɠɥɭɫɣ ɨɛ ɦɛɪɛɭʀɧ ɦɣɬɭʀ ɟɮɜʀɝ ʀ ɦʀɴɣɨɣ ɨɛ ɭɫɛɝɛɰ ɨɛ ɥɝʀɭɛɰ ɨɛ ɭɣɬɺɲɩɦʀɭɨʀɰ ɮɥɫɣɭɣɰ ɧɩɰɩɧ ɪɨɺɰ ʀ ɥɩɦɩɟɛɰ ʀ ɨɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɛɰ ɝɣɬɩɲɠɨɨɣɰ ɥɠɟɫʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɬɣɥ Ƚɩɨɣ ɧɠɫɠɰɭʀɦɣ ɭɛɧ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɺɥ ɝɩɞɨɣɬɭʀ ɥɫɛɪɦɣɨɣ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɩɟɫɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɠɲɮɭɨɩ ʀ ɦɠɭʀɦɣ ɝɨɣɢ ɜɦɣɬɥɛɦɣ ɧɠɡɣ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɪɫɩɳɣɝɛɦɣ ɬɣɨʀɤ ɰɩɦɩɟ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɣɰ ɬɮɭʀɨɥʀɝ ɞɮ ɴɛɝɣɨɣ ȼɮɤɨɛ ɫɩɬɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɛ ɝɬɷɩɧɮ ɭɺɡʀɦɛ ɞɫɩɨɛɧɣ ɢɞɣɨɛɦɛ ɬɭɠɜɦɣɨɣ ɭɫɛɝ ɭɛ ɩɟɞɩɫɭɛɦɛ ɪɠɦɹɬɭɥɣ ɥɝʀɭʀɝ ȼɮɦɩ ɨɛɪɫɩɲɮɟ ɭɣɰɩ Ɉʀ ɳɠɦɠɬɨɠ ɦɣɬɭ ɛɨʀ ɝɩ ɫɮɰɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɭɫɛɝɣɨɥɛ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɠɬɠɦɥɩɝɛ ɧɠɫɠɰɥɩɭɨɺɝɛ« Ȳ ȼɛɞɫɺɨɣɤ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɫɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ Ⱦɦɺɨɷɧɩ ɡ ɢ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɝɨɣɢ ɨɛ ɋɩɬɷ ʀ ɂɛɫɩɬɬɺ ɚɥ ɡɠ ɭɛɧ ɰɩɫɩɳɠ ɺɥ ɲɮɟɩ ɝɩ ɍɛɧ ɋɩɬɷ ɭɣɰɩ ɪɦɣɨɠ ɢɠɦɠɨɩɹ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɧʀɡ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɧɣ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɧɣ ɬɭʀɨɛ ɧɣ ɥɩɭɫʀ ɴɠ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɪɩɟɠɥɮɟɣ ɛɡ ɪɩɨɛɰɣɦɺɦɣɬɷ ɨɛɲɠ ɢɛɞɦɺɟɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɝɩɟɮ ɟɣɝ ɦɺɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɬɝʀɤ ɺɬɨɣɤ ɩɟɦɣɬɥ ɭɩ ɬʀɫɣɤ ɭɩ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɣɤ ɭɩ ɺɬɨɩ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɤ ɩɟ ɢɠɦɠɨɩɞɩ ɺɥ ɩɥɬɛɧɣɭ ɧ·ɺɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɰɮ ɥɩɭɫɣɧ ɝɥɫɣɭʀ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨʀ ɬɭʀɨɣ ɨɛɲɠ ɟɩɫɩ ɞɣɧɣ ɥɣɦɣɧɛɧɣ Ɋɩɪʀɟ ɬɥɠɦɺɧɣ ɩɜɣɟɝɛ ɜɠɫɠɞɣ ɩɪɠɫɠɢɛɦɣɬɷ ɫɺɟɥɛɧɣ ɞɮɬɭɣɰ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɦʀɢ ɞɮɬɭɩɞɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɩɲɠɫɠɭɮ Ȼ ɭɛɧ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɫɩɢɦɣɦɛɬɷ ɋɩɬɷ ɫɮɥɛ ɝɛɧɣ ɤ ɫɮɥɛɝɱɺɧɣ ɪɩɧʀɡ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɩɬɭɫʀɝɱɺɧɣ ɫɩɢɬɣɪɛɦɛɬɷ ɪɩ ɥɛɧʀɨɨʀ ɭɩ ɝɣɞɣɨɛɹɲɣ ɝɩɟɮ ɨɛɲɠ ɳɣɹ ɦɠɜɠɟɣɨɮ ɭɩ ɫɩɢɜɣɝɛɹɲɣ ʁʁ ɜʀɦɣɧɣ ɥɫɛɪɦɺɧɣ ɝ ɜʀɦʀɤ ɦɠɞɥʀɤ ɺɥ ɪɮɰ ɪʀɨʀ Ȼ ɭɛɧ ɟɛɦʀ ɢɨɩɝ ɢʀɤɳɦɣɬɺ ɬɥɠɦʀ ɟɩ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɢɨɩɝ ɪʀɟɨɺɦɣɬɷ ɨɛɟ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɞɩɫɣ Ȼ ɢɛ ɞɩɫɛɧɣ ɫɩɢʀɬɦɛɦɛɬɷ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɧ ɪɩɟɩɦɩɧ ɢɠɦɠ ɨɛ ɦɮɥɛ ɨɠɨɛɲɠ ɢɛɬʀɺɨɛ ɺɫɩɹ ɫɮɭɩɹ ɋɩɬɷ ɝɣɫɝɛɦɛɬɷ ɢ ɨɠɝɩɦʀ ɧɩɝ ɞɛɟɹɲɥɛ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɭɫɣɲʀ ɢɝɠɫɠɭɠɨɣɦɛɬɷ ɥɩɦʀɨɱɺɧɣ ɪɩ ɺɫɩ ɢɠɦɠɨʀɤ ɭɫɛɝʀ ɦɣɬɨɺɲɣ ɺɬɨɩɹ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɬɣɨʀɧ ɨɠɜɩɧ ɜʀɦɣɧɣ ɰɧɛɫɥɛɧɣ ɝ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɦɩɨʀ Ȳ Ɉɠɲɮɤ Ɇɠɝɣɱɷɥɣɤ
ȱȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɉɨ ɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ
ȱȱȱ Ⱦɟɫɶ ɧɟɩɨɞɚɥɿɤ ɜɿɞ ɜɚɫ ɩɪɨɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɪɿɱɤɚ ɉɪɢɝɥɹɧɶɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɧɟʀ ɣ ɨɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɉɨ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɠɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ
352. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɋʀɟɬɭɛɝɦɺɹɲɣ ɪɦɠɲɠ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɹɲɣ ɟɣɝɦɺɲɣɬɷ ɮ ɥɩɫʀɨɷ ɝɨɣɥɛɹɲɣ ɝ ɬɮɭɷ ɨɠ ɨɛɟɛɹɲɣ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɝɛɫɭɣɧ ɮɝɛɞɣ ɧɛɹɲɣ ɰɣɬɭ ɜɮɟɮɲɣ ɢɟʀɜɨɣɧ ɟɩ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ ɪɠɫɠɜɣɝɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɢ ɰɦʀɜɛ ɨɛ ɝɩɟɮ ɡɣɭɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɜʀɟɨɩ ɲɮɰɛɹɲɣ ɪɩɭɣɦɣɱɹ ɢɛɪʀɢɨʀɦɩ ɡɛɦɥɮɹɲɣ ɩɜɦɣɝɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɪɩɭɩɧ ɝɛɡ ɥɩ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɛɹɲɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɢɮɬɣɦɷ
§ 38.
Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ
353. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ɣ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɹɤ ɬɜɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨ ɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɤɭ ɬɺ. Ɉɠɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ
ɇɣɨɮɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɲɩɞɩ ɫɩɟɮ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ
ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɭɣ ɩɞɦɺɨɮɭɣɬɺ
ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝ ɟɩɪɩɧʀɞ ɩɞɦɺɨɮɝɬɺ
ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝ ɳɣ ɟɩɪɩɧʀɞ ɳɣ ɩɞɦɺɨɮɝ ɳɣɬɷ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ
354. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɧɚ ɹɤɭ ɞɿɸ ɜɤɚɡɭɸɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ² ɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɭ ɱɢ ɪɚɧɿɲɭ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɞɿɽɸ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɨɸ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨ ɜɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ
Ɏɧɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɟɺɟɷɥɩ ɨɛɟʀɝɛɝ ɲɣɬɭɮ ɬɩɫɩɲɥɮ ɤ ɬʀɟɛɝ ɟɩ ɬɭɩɦɮ Ⱦɫɣɞʀɫ ɍɹ ɭɹɨɨɣɥ Ɋɫɣɬʀɝɳɣ ɨɛ ɪɠɨɷɥɮ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɪɩɦɺɨɣ ɺ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɝ ɲɮɟɩɝɣɬɷɥɩ ɭɮɧɛɨɨɠ ɇ ɋɣɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ Ƚ ɪɩɞɩɡʀ ɟɨʀ ȿɛɨɷɥɩ ɨɛɪɨɮɝɳɣ ɨɛ ɪɦɠɲʀ ɧɛ ɭɠɫɣɨ ɦɛɭɛɨɣɤ ɥɩɡɮɰ ɦɹɜɣɭɷ ɪɩɫɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛɟɝɩɫʀ ɪɩ ɰɛɢɺɤɬɭɝɮ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ Ȳ ɨɛɟɦɠɭʀɝɳɣ ɢɧɩɫɠɨɛ ɜɟɡɩɦɛ ɝʀɟɲɮɾ ɬɭɠɜɠɦ ɪɦɛɝɨɠ ɥɩɦɣɰɛɨɨɺ Ƚ Ɍɭɮɬ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɲɩɞɩ ɫɩɟɮ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɛ ɳɣ Ɏ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣ ɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɲɛɬɭɥɛ ɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɮ ɬɷ ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɟʀɹ ɫɛɨʀɳɮ ɢɛ ɟʀɹ ɨɛɢɝɛɨɮ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɝ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɝʀɤ ɯɩɫɧʀ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɨɛ ɲɛɬ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɠ ɝɥɛɢɮɹɭɷ 355. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ ɬɚ ɧɚ ɹɤɭ ɞɿɸ ɜɤɚɡɭɸɬɶ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɞɿɽɸ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɨɸ ɞɿɽɫɥɨ ɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɨɠ ɡ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ ɧɢɤɚɦɢ
Ɉɠ ɪɩɟɮɧɛɝɳɣ ʀ ɥʀɦɩɲɥɛ ɨɠ ɢɛɭɠɳɠɳ Ɉɠ ɢɛɧɩɲɣɝɳɣ ɫɮɥ ɩɜɦɣɲɲɺ ɨɠ ɝɧɣɾɳ Ɉɠ ɪʀɢɨɛɝɳɣ ɩɭɫɮɭɣ ɜɟɡɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɬɥɮɳɭɮɾɳ ʀ ɧɠɟɮ Ɉɠ ɪɩ ɲɛɝɳɣ ɨɠ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɣɳ Ɉɠ ɪɩɬʀɺɝɳɣ ɨɠ ɢɜɠɫɠɳ Ɉɠ ɝɢɺɝɳɣɬɷ ɢɛ ɬɩɥɣɫɮ ɰɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɢɜɮɟɮɾɳ Ɉɠ ɬɪɣɭɛɝɳɣ ɜɫɩɟɮ ɨɠ ɦʀɢɷ ɮ ɝɩɟɮ Ɉɠ ɟɛɝɳɣ ɬɦɩɝɛ ³ ɟɠɫɡɣɬɷ ɛ ɟɛɝɳɣ ³ ɥɫʀɪɣɬɷ ɉɪɛɫɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɧɩɦɩɱʀ ʀ ɨɛ ɝɩɟɮ ɟɧɮɰɛɾ
356. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɍ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɠɢɬɨ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɩɿɞɦɟɬɢ ɣ ɩɪɢɫɭɞɤɢ ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɤɨɦɭ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɞɿʀ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɐɦɩɪɱʀ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɣ ɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ ɢ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɝɩɫɩɞɩɧ ³ ɥɫɩɪɣɝyɹ Ƚɣɳɣɥɮɝɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɫʀɝɨɠɨɷɥɩ ɪʀɟɨɺɝɳɣ ɳɛɜɦʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɢ ɜɩɤɩɝɣɧɣ ɝɣɞɮɥɛɧɣ ɥɣɨɮɦɣɬɺ ɝɪɠɫɠɟ Ɋɫɣɧɲɛɦɣ ɟɩ ɥɮɴʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɨɠɴɛɟɨɩ ɫɮɜɛɭɣ ɢɠɦɠɨʀ ɬɭɠɜɦɛ ɥɫɩɪɣɝ ɂɨɣɴɣɝɳɣ ɝ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɱʀ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷ ɥɣɨɮɝɬɺ ɝ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɤ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɭɮɭ ɝɣɨɣɴɮ ɝɛɭɣ ɝɩɫɩɞɛ Ʌʀɦɷɥɛ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɫɮɜɨɮɝ ³ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɪɩɝɛɦɣɦɣɬɺ ɞɩɦɩɝɣ ɥɫɩɪɣɝ·ɺɨʀ ɋɩɢɧɛɰɨɮɝɬɺ ɴɠ ɫɛɢ ʀ ɨɠ ɫɮɜɨɮɝ Ɏ ɥɫɩɪɣɝʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɧ ɬɣɟʀɦɩ ɲɩɫɨɠ ɞɛɦɲɠɨɺ ʀ ɬɪɩɥʀɤɨɩ ɟɣɝɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɰɦɩɪɱɺ Ɉɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɠ ɭʀɥɛɦɩ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɨɮɝɳɣ ɟɩɜɫɠ Ƚɛɬɣɦɺ ɞɛɦɲɠɨɺ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɦɩ ɟɢɷɩɜ ɢ ɡɩɝɭɣɧɣ ɢɛʁɟɛɧɣ ʀ ɪɣɬɨɮɦɩ ³ ɐɦɩɪɱʀ ɬɹɟɣ Ƚɪʀɤɧɛɝ ɪɭɛɳɠɨɺ ³ ɥɫɣɥɨɮɝ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩ ³ ɑɮɫ ɨɛ ɝɬʀɰ ³ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɝ ɇɣɥɩɦɥɛ ʀ ɪɫɣɧɲɛɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɂ ɨɣɧ ɪɫɣɜʀɞɦɣ ʀɨɳʀ ɰɦɩɪɲɣɥɣ ʀ ɬɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɢɟɣɝɩɝɛɨʀ Ɋɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɧɣ ɬɣ ɟʀɦɩ ɞɛɫɨɠɨɷɥɠ ɞɛɦɲɠɨɺ ʀ ɪɫɩɰɛɦɩ ʁɬɭɣ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɝɳɣ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɟɢɷɩɜ ɉ Ʌɩɪɣ ɦɠɨɥɩ
357*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɡɚɦɿɧɸɸɱɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɠɤɚɯ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢ ɤɚɦɢ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ
Ɉɛɝɠɬɨʀ ɫ Ɍɛɞɛɤɟɛɲɨɣɤ ʀɢ ɭɣɬɺɲɨɣɧ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɧ ɝɣɫɮɳɣɝ ɢ Ɏɥɫɛʁ ɨɣ ɟɩ ɇɩɬɥɩɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɂɟɩɜɮɝ ɪɩ ɟɩɫɩɢʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɇɣɝɨɣ Ȱɦɠɱɷ ɇɣɰɛɤ ɦɩɝ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɧɩɬɥɩɝɬɷɥɠ ɪɩɬɩɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɺɥɠ ʁɰɛɦɩ ɟɩ Ʌɫɣɧɮ ɫɩɢɜɣɝ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɝɣɤ ɢɛɞʀɨ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ɋɩɡɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɛ Ƚɩɦɥɩɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɨɣɴɣɝ ɜʀɦɺ ȿɩɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺ ɫɛɭɷ ɴɩ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɣɦɛ ɢ ɇɩɬɥɝɣ Ɍɛɞɛɤɟɛɲɨɣɤ ɜɠɢ ɪɠɫɠɳɥɩɟ ɪʀ ɟʀɤɳɩɝ ɟɩ ɱɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɭɩɦɣɱʀ Ʌɩɦɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɜʀɦɺ Ȼɫɜɛɭɬɷɥɣɰ ɝɩɫʀɭ ɝʀɨ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɩɜɦɩɞɮ Ƚɡɠ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɲɛɬ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɮ ³ ɨʀɲ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɬɝɺɭɛ Ɋɩɥɫɩɝɣ ɡɩɝɭɨɺ ɝɡɠ ɥɩɢɛɥɣ ɥɣɨɮɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɛɭɛɥɮ ɺɥ ɨɠɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɩ Ɍɛɞɛɤ ɟɛɲɨɣɤ ɢɝɠɦʀɝ ʁʁ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɭɣ ɇɩɡɠ ɭɩɟʀ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɟɮɧɥɛ ɢɛɦɮɲɣɭɣ ɝ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɇɩɬɥɩɝʀɹ ɟɩ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɴɩ ʁʁ ɝʀɨ ɧɛɝ ɨɛɧʀɫ ɫɩɢɪɩ ɲɛɭɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɟɩɲɠɥɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɦɮɳɨɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɉ Ȼɪɛɨɩɝɣɲ
358. Ⱦɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɞɨɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɢ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɩɨɪɹɞ Ɍɭɫɮɨɥɩ ɢɞɩɫɟɛ ɬɪɫɩɬɩɨɨɺ ɢɛɬɧɮɲɠɨɩ ɪɩɰɧɮɫɩ ɨɠɬɭɺɧɨɩ ɨɠɰɩɭɺ Ɍɣɨɩɨʀɧɣ ɢɞɨʀɭɣɝɳɣ ɬɠɫɱɠ ɝɣɬɭɫɮɨɲɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɢɛɪɣɳɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɨɛɬɮɪɣɝ ɳɣɬɷ ɪɩɬɧɮɭɨʀɝɳɣ ɪɩɰɨɹɪɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɪɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɨɠɭɺɧɦɺɲɣɬɷ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɫɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ȿɩɥɣ ɝɛɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɬɨʀɟɛɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɣ ɧʀɬɣɦɣ ɭʀɬɭɩ Ɉɠɨɷɲɣɨʀ ɩɜʀɫɮɲɲɺ ɫɛɢ ɪɩ ɫɛɢ ɢɛɨɮɫɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɟʀɡɮ ɩɟ ɲɩɞɩ ɩɬɦʀɨɲɣɥ ɛɡ ɟɝɣɞɭʀɝ ɍʀɬɭɩ ɝɣɧʀɳɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɥɫɮɭʀɳɛɦɩ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɝɩɨɩ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɩ ɝ·ɺɢɥɣɧ ɺɥ ʊɮɧɛ ʀ ɝɡɠ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɫɮɥɛɧɣ ɧɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɢɮɪɣɨɺɦɣ ɫɩɜɩɭɮ ´Ƚɬɭɛɝɛɤɭɠ ɰɦɩɪɱʀ ³ ɨɛɥɛ ɢɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɛɧ ³ ɪɩʁɬɭɠ ɤ ɫɩɢɰɩɟɷɭɠɬɺ ɜɩ ɜɮɟɮ ɰɦʀɜ ɝɣɥɛɲɮɝɛɭɣµ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ
Ɋɩɬɨʀɟɛɝɳɣ ɜɛɭɷɥɩ ɤɳɩɝ ɨɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɮ ɛ ɺ ɪʀɟɬɮɥɛɝɳɣ ɰɩɦɩɳʀ ɜʀɞ ɨɛ ɥʀ ɨɠɱɷ ɞɩɫɩɟɮ ɴɩɜ ɨɛɦɛɧɛɭɣ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɰ ɥɛɪɮɬɭɺɨɣɰ ɦɣɬɭɥʀɝ ɇɛɭɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɬɺ ɝ ɫɩɜɩɭʀ ³ ɦɠɞɥɣɧɣ ɪɩɧɛɰɛɧɣ ɫɮɥ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɣɭɺɞɮɝɛɦɣ ɩɪɠɱɷɩɥ ɭʀɬɭɛ ɝɧɩɥɛɦɣ ɮ ɝɩɟɮ ɫɮɥɣ ɴɩɜ ɝɩɨɩ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɦɣɪɛɦɩ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɥɣɟɛɹɲɣ ɢ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɟɩɦɩɨʀ ɝ ɟɫɮ ɞɮ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɫɮɞɦɮ ɨɛɲɠ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɰɦʀɜɣɨɮ ɂɦɠɞɥɛ ɪɩɪɦɠɬɥɛɝɳɣ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɮ ɨɠɨɷɥɛ ɥɦɛɦɣ ɪɛɦɺɨɣɱɹ ɨɛ ɫɮɳɨɣɥ ȿɩɥɣ ɧɛɭɣ ɝɣɥɛɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɹ ɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɮ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɛɦɛɬɺ ɧɠɨʀ ɪɛ ɦɺɨɣɲɥɮ ɺ ɜʀɞ ɪɩ ɦɩɪɛɭɮ ʀ ɝɨʀɬɳɣ ɪɫɣɬɭɛɝɦɺɝ ʁʁ ɟɩ ɪɫɣɪɠɲʀ ɋɩɢʀɬɦɛɝɳɣ ɥɛɪɮɬɭɺɨɣɤ ɦɣɬɭɩɥ ɪɩɝɠɫɰ ɺɬɠɨɠɝɩɞɩ ɺɢɣɥɛ ɦɩɪɛɭɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɧɛɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɦʀɾɹ ɛɜɩ ɪɫɣɭɫɮɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɜɩɫɩɳɨɩɧ ɤ ɮɬɛɟɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɰɦʀɜɣɨɮ ɂɫɩɜɣɝɳɣ ɝɣ ɟɠɦɥɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɪɫɩɳɭɫɣɰʀɝ ɧɛɭɣ ɧɠɭɥɩ ɳɮɞɨɮɦɣ ɦɩɪɛɭɮ ɢ ɰɦʀɜɣɨɩɹ ɝ ɞɛ ɫɺɲɮ ɮɭɫɩɜɮ ɪɠɲʀ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɟɫɮɞɮ ɭɫɠɭɹ ɛɡ ɟɩɥɣ ɨɠ ɬɰɩɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɢɛ ɲɠɦɹɬɭɺɧɣ ɤ ɧɩɺ ɪɛɦɺɨɣɲɥɛ Ƚ Ɍɥɮɫɛɭʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ
ȱȱ Ɇɨɠɥɢɜɨ ɜɢ ɫɚɦɿ ɛɚɱɢɥɢ ɹɤ ɩɟɱɭɬɶ ɯɥɿɛ ɭ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɚ ɹɤɳɨ ɧɿ ɬɨ ɪɨɡ ɩɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɜ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ Ɉɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɜɢɩɿɤɚɧɧɹ ɯɥɿɛɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟ ɡɝɚɞɚɬɢ ɣ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɹɤ ɩɚɯɧɟ ɫɜɿɠɢɣ ɯɥɿɛ
360. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɿɣ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɢɞ Ɍɣɨ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝɳɣ ɨɛ ɰɛɭʀ ɲɩɫɨɩɞɮɢɛ ɪɣɭɛɾ ³ ɍɛɭɮ ɛ ɲɩɞɩ ɜëɢɷɥɩ ɨɛ ɩɟɨʀɤ ɨɩɢʀ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ" ³ Ⱦɧ ɜɛɲɣɳ ɜɩ ɺɥɜɣ ɤ ɟɫɮɞɮ ɪʀɟɨɺɝ ɭɩ ɝɪɛɝ ɜɣ
361. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɂɛɬɮɥɛɝɳɣ ɫɮɥɛɝɣ ɫɠɝɨɩ ɝɢɺɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɬɪɮɬɭɣɝɳɣ ɫɮɥɛɝɣ ɜɠɢ ɩɰɩɭɣ ɜɠɢ ɬɭɛɫɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɫɞɨɮɝɳɣ ɩɥɩɧ ɨɠ ɝɛɞɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɠ ɬɩɫɩɧɦɺɲɣɬɷ ɢɧʀɫɺɝɳɣ ɪɩɞɦɺɟɩɧ ɪɣɦɷɨɩ ɪɫɣɟɣɝɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɢɱʀɪɣɝɳɣ ɢɮɜɣ ɬɭɫɣɧɮɹ ɲɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɪɩɲɮɭɭɺ ɜʀɦɷ ɨɠ ʁɝɳɣ ɨɠ ɪɣɝɳɣ ɞɩɦɩɟɨɣɤ ɦɣɰɛ ɪɫɣɥɮɪɣɝɳɣ ɢ ɭɫɮɟɨɩɴɛɧɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
§ 39.
Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɜɢɣ ɡɜɨɪɨɬ
362. ɍ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹɯ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɨ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɲɪɢɮɬɨɦ ɉɪɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɣɬɟ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɱɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚ ɣ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɣɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɳɨ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɜɢɦ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɨɦ ɬɚ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɨɜɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɜɿɧ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɢɫɶɦɿ ɍ Ɂ ɦɭ ɣ ɦɭ ɪɟɱɟɧ ɧɹɯ ɡɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɧɢɤ ʀ
Ɍɝʀɭ ɨɛɜɫɛɝɳɣ ɝ ɧɩɫɺ ɫʀɝɨɩɝɛɞɣ ɬɺɾ ɬɝʀɡɣɰ ɝɣɪɩɝɨɠɨɣɤ ɬɣɦ ɉ ȿɩɝɞɣɤ Ȼ ɝ ɨɠɜʀ ɨʀɡɨɩ ɩɜʀɤɧɛɹɲɣ ɪɫɣɨɣɳɥɦɠ ɧɩɫɠ ɢɟʀɤɧɛ ɦɛɬɺ ɝɠɦɠɭɠɨɬɷɥɛ ɝɠɬɠɦɥɛ Ƚ Ʌɛɨʀɝɠɱɷ Ȳ ɢɛɰɩɦɩɨɮɝɳɣ ɝ ɟɣɝɨʀɤ ɞɫɛ ɱʀʁ ɢʀɭɰɛɹɭɷ ɬɝʀɡʀɬɭɹ ɟʀɝɩɲɩɹ ɛɥɛɱʀʁ Ƚ Ɍɣɧɩɨɠɨɥɩ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɟɠɨɷ ɢɛɥɫɣɭɠ ɰɧɛɫɛɧɣ ɨɛɟɝɠɲʀɫ ɝɣɜɣɦɩɬɺ ɢ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɨɠɝɩɦʀ ʀ ɬʀɟɛɹɲɣ ɢɛ ɞɩɫɮ ɩɜɦɣɝɛɦɩ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɣɧ ɬɝʀɭɩɧ ɮɬɠ ɬɠɦɩ Ɋɛɨɛɬ ɇɣɫɨɣɤ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛ ɾɭɷɬɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɩɝɣɧ ɢɝɩɫɩɭɩɧ ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɢɝɩɫɩɭ ɨɛ ɪɣɬɷɧʀ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɢ ɩɜɩɰ ɜɩɥʀɝ ɥɩɧɛɧɣ Ɍɦɩɝɛ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɟɩ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɢɝɩɫɩɭɮ ɥɩɧɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɹɹɭɷ ɉɟɣɨɣɲɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɪɛɫɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɧɛɧɣ 363. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɩɢɫɶɦɿ ɹɤ ɜɢɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ
ɇɛɭɠɫʀ Ƚɬɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɟɣɝɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛɧ ɮɬɦʀɟ ɝɣɫɺɟɣɝɳɣ ɝ ɦɹɟɣ Ƚ ɭɫɣɝɩɢʀ ɤ ɦɹɜɩɝʀ ɝ ɢɛɧɣɦɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɤ ɨɛɟʀʁ ɝɟɣɝɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɧɛɭɠɫʀ ɝ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɹɲɣɬɷ ʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɲɣ ɴɛɬɭɺ ɟɦɺ ɨɣɰ ɉɨ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɫɩɢɦʀɞɳɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɝɬʀ ɜɩɥɣ ɟɩ ɩɜɫʀɹ ɱɺ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɲɣɭɛɨɛ ɨʀɥɣɧ ɥɨɣɞɛ ³ ɬɭɠɪ Ȳɨɥɩɦɣ ɢʀɜɫɛɝ ɳɣɬɷ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɩɹ ɧɣ ɝɣɫɮɳɛɦɣ ɝ ɬɭɠɪ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɧɛɨɣɝ ɨɛɬ ɢɛɞɦɺɟɛɹɲɣ ɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɜɩɥʀɝ ɮ ɬɠɦɩ ʀ ɝ ɨɛɳʀ ɟɮɳʀ ɂ ɭɝ ɉ Ɍɣɢɩɨɠɨɥɛ
364. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢ ɡɚɦɿɫɬɶ ɤɪɚɩɨɤ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɣ ɜɢɞɿ ɥɹɸɱɢ ʀɯ ɤɨɦɚɦɢ
Ƚɩɟɛ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɛ ȿɨʀɪɫɩ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɤ ɍɠɲʀɺ ɳɝɣɟɥɛ ɐɦɩɪɠɱɷ ɝɜɣɝɬɺ ɢ ɬɣɦ« Ɉɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɝɪɛɝ ɨɛ ɪʀɬɩɥ Ƚʀɟɬɛɪɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɋɩɢɢɣɫɛɝɬɺ Ɋʀɟɰɩɪɣɝɬɺ ɤ« ɳɮɞɨɮɝ ɮ ɦʀɬɩɝʀ ɨɠɭɫʀ Ƚɬɠ ɢɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨʀɜɣ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɡɠɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɨɣɧ« ɨʀɜɣ ɭɺɞɨɮɭɷɬɺ ɲɣʁɬɷ ɞɩɬɭɫʀ ɪɛɢɮɫʀ Ʌɩɦɣ ɬɪɦɠɬɨɮɦɩ ɪɦɠɬɩ ɫʀɲɥɣ ȿɛɫɨɣɱʀ ɰɦɩɪɠɱɷ« ɳɮɜɩɝɬɨɮɝ ɮ ɝɩɟɮ Ɋɩ ɪɦɣɝ Ȼɦɠ ɬɣɦ ɮɡɠ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ Ʉɩɞɩ ɢɨɩɬɣɦɛ ɭɠɲʀɺ ɂɛ Ɍ Ɋɦɛɲɣɨɟɩɹ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɢɝɩɫɩɭ
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɩɝʀ ɢɝɩɫɩɭɣ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɰɩɝɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɪʀɟ ɰɝɣɦɺɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɢɷ ɥɣɰ ɬɭɫʀɦ ɰɮɭɥɩ ɢɨɛɤɳɩɝɳɣ ɟɩɫɩɞɮ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɰɠɥɛɹɲɣ ɢɛ ɬɪɣɨɩɹ ɨʀ ɨɛ ɰɝɣɦɷ ɥɮ ɨɠ ɢɛɭɫɣɧɮɹɲɣɬɷ
365. ȼ ɭɪɢɜɤɭ ɞɟ ɰɟ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜ ɡɚɦɿɧɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ Ɂɚɩɢ ɲɿɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɜɢɞɿɥɿɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɦɢ ɣ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ
Ƚɠɫɠɬɨɠɝɣɧɣ ɝɠɲɩɫɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɦʀɬʀ ɛ ɤ ɮ ɪɛɫɥɮ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɟɫʀɧ ɦɹɞ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɣ ɫʀɟɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ʀ ɧɛɨɟɫɮɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɢɣɧʀɝɦʀ Ƚɟɠɨɷ ɟɫʀɧɦɹɞɣ ɬɣɟɺɭɷ ɨɠɫɮɰɩɧɩ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɛɜɩ ɨɛ ɭɩɝɬɭɩɧɮ ɞʀɦɦʀ ɢɛɪɦɹɴɛɭɷ ɩɲʀ ʀ ɟɫʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ Ȼ ɝɝɠɲɠɫʀ ɝɣɦʀɭɛɹɭɷ ɫɩɢɳɮɥɮɝɛɭɣ ʁɡɮ Ɋɩɦɹɹɭɷ ɱʀ ɪɭɛɰɣ ɨɛ ɥɩɧɛɰ ɺɥɣɰ ɦɩɝɦɺɭɷ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɧ ɟɢɷɩɜɩɧ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɨɛ ɦɷɩɭɮ ɂɛ Ƚ Ɋɛɫɰɩɧɠɨɥɩɧ
366*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɱɨɬɢɪɢɜɿɪɲ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɱɢ ɤɨɦɚɦɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ Ɋɫɛɝɩɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥɣ ɥɛɭʀɝ ɍʀɾʁ ɡ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɲɣ ɧɠɭɣ Ɍɛɧʀ ɨɠ ɧɛɹɲɣ ɰɫɠɜɭʀɝ Ȳɟɮɭɷ ɦɛɧɛɹɲɣ ɰɫɠɜɭɣ Ɋ ɉɬɛɟɲɮɥ
367*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɱɢ ɤɨɦɚɦɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɉɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɍɫɩɺɨɟɣ ɞɫʀɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɬɩɨɱʀ ɨɠɬɥɮɪʀɧ ɨɛɧ ɬɠɫɱɠ ɫɛɟɮɹɭɷ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɇ ɋɣɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɔɩɝɠɲɩɫɛ ɢʀɫɥɣ ɝ ɟɛɦɠɥɩɧɮ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫʀ ɧɛɨɦɣɝɩ ɧɣ ɞɩɭɺɭɷ ɰɝɣɦɹɹɲɣ ɬɠɫɱɺ ɇ ɍɠɫɠɴɠɨɥɩ Ɍɭɠɪ ɬɭɫɮɬɨɮɝɳɣ ɢ ɬɠɜɠ ɫɩɬɮ ɭɛ ɢʀɞɨɛɝɳɣ ɨɠɪɫɣɧʀɭɨʀ ɭʀɨʀ ɞɩɫɣɭɷ ɫʀɝɨɣɧ ɡɩɝɭɩ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɧ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɧ Ɋɛɨɛɬ ɇɣɫɨɣɤ Ɉɛɝɣɬɦɩ ɨɣɢɷɥɩ ɰɧɛɫ ɞɦɮɰɠ ɬɥɦɠɪʀɨɨɺ ʀ ɳɮɫɰɛɹɲɣ ɥɫɣɦɛɧɣ ɩɜ ɨɣɰ ɦɠɭɺɭɷ ɲɛɤɥɣ ɇ ȼɛɡɛɨ Ɉɛ ɭɫɩɭɮɛɫɣ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɦɣɨɠ ɨɠ ɭɫɛɭɺɲɣ ɨɛ ɦʀɭ ɢɮɬɣɦɷ ʀ ɪɫɩɦʀɭɛɹɲɣ ɧɛɳɣɨɣ ɢɟʀɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɡɩɝɭɮ ɢɛɧɠɭʀɦɷ Ƚ Ɍɩɬɹɫɛ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɧɢɯ
Ȼ ɝɭʀɥɛɲʀ ɝɡɠ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ Ɋɩɧɛɦɮ ʁɟɮɭɷ ɥɮɫɨɣɧ ɬɭɠɪɩɧ ɳɥɩɟɮɹɲɣ ɢɧɩɫɠɨɣɰ ɥɩɨɠɤ ȿɩɝɞɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ɪɩɢɛɟɮ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɤ ɨɠ ɪɩɬɪʀɳɛɭɣ« ɍɛ ɲɩɞɩ ʁɰ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɟɝɩɾ" ɒɩɞɩ ɧɩɝɲɛɭɷ ɜɩɺɭɷɬɺ ɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɝ ɩɲʀ" Ɉɠ ɬɛɧʀ ɭʀɥɛɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɢ ɨɠɝɩɦʀ ɜɮɝ ɢ ɨɣɧɣ ɴɠ ɤ ɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɣɤ ɜɫɛɭ Ȼɦɠ ɬɩɜʀ ɝɣɝɠɦɣ ɥɩɨɠɤ ʀɢ ɬɭɛɤɨʀ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɛ ɪɫɩ ɧɠɨɳɩɞɩ ɤ ɨɠ ɢɞɛɟɛɦɣ Ȳ ɥɣɨɮɝɬɺ ɬɠɫɟɠɞɛ ɜʀɞɭɣ ɝ ɪʀɭɷɧʀ ɨɛɩɬɦʀɪ ɦɠɟɝɠ ɟɣɰɛɹɲɣ ɟɩɞɛɨɺɝ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɱʀɝ ɟɩɥɣ ɨɠ ɢɧɣɦɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɮɦɷɳɣɤ ɪʀɟɰɩɪɣɝ ɮ ɬʀɟɦɩ ɍɛ ɺɥ ɬɭɣɳɣɝ ɰɩɟɮ ɢɧɩɫɠɨɣɤ ɥʀɨɷ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɨɩɬɺɲɣ ɜɩɥɛɧɣ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɮɦɷɳɣɤ ɩɟɝɠɫɨɮɝɳɣɬɷ ³ ɋɺɭɮɤɬɺ ɬɛɧ ɥʀɨɷ ɟɝɩɰ ɨɠ ɝɣɝɠɢɠ« Ȳ ɥɣɨɮɝ ɜɫɛɭɛ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɬɭɠɪɮ ɬɭɛɝ ɟɩɞɛɨɺɭɣ ɬɭɛɫɳɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɪɛɝɳɣ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɳɣʁ ɧɩɝ ɨɛɝʀɡɠɨɣɤ ɬɥɛɥɛɝ ɮɪɠɫɠɟ ɨʀɜɣ ɬɩɭɨɹ ɜɮɬɮɫɧɠɨʀɝ ɲɮɝ ɢɛ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɇ Ɋɫɣɞɛɫɛ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱȱ ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɥɚɧ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɭ Ⱦɨɩɨɜ ɧɿɬɶ ɫɜɿɣ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡ ɟɩɿɡɨɞɚɦɢ ɡ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɞɭɦɢ ´Ƚɭɠɲɛ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ ɢ Ȼɢɩɝɛ ɢ ɭɮɫɠɱɷɥɩʁ ɨɠɝɩɦʀµ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ɏȱȱȱ Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɭ
ɐɭɩ ɨɠ ɦɹɜɣɭɷ ɪɩɯɛɨɭɛɢɮɝɛɭɣ" Ȼɦɠ ɯɛɨɭɛɬɭɣɥɛ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɨɠɨɛɮ ɥɩɝɛ ɤ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɛ Ɏ ɭɝɩɫɛɰ ɨɠɨɛɮɥɩɝɩʁ ɯɛɨɭɛɬɭɣɥɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɤ ɜɮɭɣ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ Ɏ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩ ɯɛɨɭɛɬɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɭɝɩ ɫɛɰ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɬɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɨɛɤɨɩɝʀɳʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɫɩɢɞɛɟɛɭɣ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɱʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɤ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭɮ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɢɛ ɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɝ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɾ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɛ
ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɬɜɨɪɢ ɡ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨʀ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɟɪɲɢɣ ɬɜɿɪ ² ɩɨ ɱɚɬɨɤ ɡ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɨɩɨɜɿɞɚɧɧɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɣ ² ɩɨɞɚɧɨ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɓɨ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɱ ɧɨɝɨ ɚ ɳɨ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɟ"
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɢɞɿ ɥɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɩɢɫɶɦɿ
ɑɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɭɛɥ ɨɠɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɩ ɴɩ Ɍɩɯʀ ɢɟɫɣɞɨɮɦɛɬɷ ɢɛ ɪɫɩɢɩɫɩɹ ɬɭʀɨɩɹ ɉɪɠ ɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɫɮɰɛɦɣɬɷ ɬɭɫɛɰʀɭɦɣɝʀ ɪɩɭɝɩɫɣ Ƚʀɟɬɛɰɨɮɦɛɬɷ ɪɫɣɭɮɦɣɝɳɣ ɫɮɥɣ ɟɩ ɞɫɮɟɠɤ ɛɦɠ ɩɟɫɛɢɮ ɡ ɪɩɦɠɞɳɠɨɩ ɢʀɭɰɨɮɦɛ ɬɭʀɨɣ ɡ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɧʀɱɨʀɳɩɞɩ ɬɭɠ ɦʀɭɮ Ɋɩɭɝɩɫɣ ɤɳɦɣ ɞɮɫɭɩɧ ɰɣɦɣɭɛɹɲɣ ɲɮɟɠɫɨɛɱɷɥɣɧɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɭɺɞɨɮɲɣ ɢɮɜɲɛɬɭʀ ɰɝɩɬɭɣ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɜɠɢɰɝɩɬɭʀ ɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɢɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɜɠɢɞɩɦɩɝʀ ɰɩɲɛ ɺɥ ɧɩɡɠ ɯɮɨɥɱʀɩɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧ ɜɠɢ ɞɩɦɩɝɣ" Ʌɩɦɣ ɬɭɫɛɰɩɝɣɟɟɺ ɢɨɣɥɦɣ ɢ ɩɲɠɤ ɭʀɦɷ ɥɣ ɭɩɟʀ Ɍɩɯʀ ɪɩɟɮɧɛɦɛ ´Ȼ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɢɺɦɣɬɺ ɭɮɭ ɨɛ ɥɩɬɧʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɥɩɫɛɜɦʀ" Ɉɠ ɬɣɨɭɠɢɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɡ ʀɢ ɝɛɥɮɮɧɮ"µ Ȳ ɝɩɨɛ Ɍɭɛɫɳɛ ɩɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɥɛ ȿɩɪɩɧʀɡɨɩɞɩ ɠɥʀɪɛɡɮ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɾ ɛɨʀɲɩɞʀɬʀɨɷɥɩ Ɋʀɟʀɤɳɦɛ ɟɩ ɪɛɨɠɦʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ɨɛɭɣɬɨɮɦɛ ɩɟɨɮ ɢ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɣɰ ɥɨɩɪɩɥ ´Ɏʁɦ ɯɮɦ ɪɠɝɨɠ ɢɨɛɾ ³ ɪɩɟɮɧɛɦɛ ³ Ɋɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɡ ɜɩɫɭɮ« Ȼɦɠ ɲɩɧɮ ɝʀɨ ɬɛɧ ɨɠ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɮɾ" ȿɣɝɨɩ«µ Ɉɛ ɧɩɦɩɲɨɩɧɮ ɭɦʀ ɠɥɫɛɨɛ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɞɩɦɛ ɺɥ ɜɮɜɩɨ ɞɩɦɩɝɛ Ɏʁɦɯɮɦɛ ³ ɔɩ ɬɭɛɦɩɬɷ" ³ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɦɛ Ɍɩɯʀ ³ ɒɩɧɮ ɨɠ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɮɾɳ ɪɫɩ ɬɝʀɤ ɜɩɫɭɩ ɝɣɤ ɪɩɬɭ"
ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɢɝɩɫɩɭ
³ Ɉʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɬɭɛɦɩɬɺ ³ Ȼ ɪɩɭɝɩɫɣ" ³ Ɋɩɭɝɩɫɣ" ³ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɭɛɝ ɹɨɛɥ ³ Ɋɫɩɤɳɦɣ ɨɛ ɉɢɠɫɨɮ ɪɛɦɮɜɮ Ȳ ɺ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɹɬɺ ³ ɍɣ« ɟɩ ɨɣɰ« ³ ɢɟɣɝɮɝɛɦɛɬɷ Ɍɩɯʀ ³ ɔɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ" Ƚ ȼɠɫɠɡɨɣɤ
ȱȱ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɢɬɢ ɰɸ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɱɧɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȠȞȖțȎȒȤȭȠȖȗ ǮțȒȞȳȗȘȳȐ
ɈȻ ɒɎɁȲɄ ɊɆȻɈɀɍȲ ɑɠ ɜɮɦɛ ʁɰɨɺ ɟɫɮɞɛ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɛ Ɉɛ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɨɠ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɩɬɺ ɨʀɺɥɣɰ ɩɢɨɛɥ ɫɩ ɢɮɧɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ȼ ɭɮɭ ɮɬɠ ɬɝʀɟɲɣɦɩ ɴɩ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɛ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨɛ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɫɩɢɝɣɨɠ ɨɣɧɣ ʀɬɭɩɭɛɧɣ ɍɩɧɮ ɬɪɮɬɥɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɪɩ ɭɫɛɪɮ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɺɝɨɩ ɰɝɣɦɹɝɛɝɬɺ ɺɥ ʁɰ ɭɮɭ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɨɮɭɷ" ɂɛ ɨɣɧ ɪɣɦɷɨɩ ɬɭɠɡɣɝ ɉɦɠɞ ɬɣɟɺɲɣ ɜʀɦɺ ɧɩɨʀɭɩɫɛ ɝ ɥɛɜʀɨʀ ɥɩɫɛɜɦɺ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɦɣ ɪɫɩ ɝɬɺɥ ɝɣɪɛɟɩɥ ɝɣɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɪɩɥɣ ɴɩ ɪɩɩɟɣɨɱʀ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ʀɳɩɝ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɝɩɟɺɲɣ ɟɩɝɥɩɦɛ ɝʀɟɠɩɥɛɧɠɫɩɹ Ɇʀɝɩɫɮɲ ɢɛ ɥɫɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɩɜɫʀɤ ɲɠɫɝɩɨʀɝ ɺɥɣɤɬɷ ɟɣɝɨɣɤ ɦʀɬ Ɋɫɺɧɩ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɫɩɢɥɣɨɮɝ ɳɣɬɷ ɫɺɜʀɦɣ ɯʀɩɦɠɭɩɝʀ ɫɩɡɠɝʀ ɡɩɝɭʀ ɪɩɦɺ Ɋɫɛɝɩɫɮɲ ɝ ɟɛɦɠɲɣɨʀ ɝɣɟɨʀ ɦɣɬɺ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɳɪɣɦʀ ɜɮɟʀɝɠɦɷ ɂɝʀɟɭɣ ɜɦɣɧɛɹɲɣ ɫʀɢɨɩɜɛɫɝɨɣɧɣ ɝɩɞɨɺɧɣ ɧɲɛɦɣ ɭɫɣ ɧɛɳɣɨɣ ³ ȼɛɲɮ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɺɥʀ ɫɮɰɛɹɭɷɬɺ ³ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɣɝ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ³ ɍɛɥ ʀ ɭɫɣɧɛɤ ɝʀɟɠɩɥɛɧɠɫɮ ³ ɪɩɫɛɟɣɝ ɉɦɠɞ Ɉɠ ɟɩʁɰɛɝɳɣ ɢ ɪʀɝɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫɛ ɟɝʀ ɧɛɳɣɨɣ ɢɮɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɭɫɠɭɺ ɫɮɰɛɦɛɬɺ ɟɛɦʀ ɉɬɷ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɛɜɦɣɢɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɟɩ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɛɜɦɺ ɪɦɛɝɨɩ ɢɮɪɣɨɣɦɛɬɷ ɝʀɟɲɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɟɝɠɫɱɺɭɛ ³ ʀ ɢ ɧɛɳɣɨɣ ɝɣɤɳɦɩ ɟʀɝɲɣɬɷɥɩ ɍɛɥɣ ɟʀɝɲɣɬɷ ɥɩ ³ ɢ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɣɧɣ ɥʀɬɥɛɧɣ ɝ ɞɩɦɮɜʀɤ ɬɮɥɠɨɱʀ ɮɬɧʀɰɨɠɨɠ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɨɛɢɮɬɭɫʀɲ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɱʀ ɲɮɡɩʁ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɣ Ȼ ɝ ɨɛɝɮɳɨɣ ɥɛɰ ɮɡɠ ɦɮɨɛɦɛ ʁʁ ɧɩɝɛ ɨɛɪɫɩɲɮɟ ɧɠɦɩɟʀɤɨɛ ɤ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɛ ³ Ɉɠ ɜʀɤɭɠɬɺ ɇɣ ɺɥ ɜɛɲɣɭɠ ɨʀɲɣɧ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɾɧɩɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɝɛɬ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɪɩɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɝʀɟɠɩɥɛɧɠɫɮ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɮ ɨɛ ɞɫɮɟɺɰ ɰɛɤ ɉɦɠɞ ɥɫɛ ɴɠ ɫɩɢɟɣɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɱɠ ɟʀɝɲɣɬɷɥɩ ʀ ɭɠɡ ɝɣɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɢ ɥɩɫɛɜɦɺ Ȼɦɠ ɧɣɧɩɝɩɦʀ ɞɦɺɨɮɝɳɣ ɮ ɝʀɢɣɫ ɝʀɟɠɩɥɛɧɠɫɣ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɫɛɪɭɩɧ ɛɡ ɬɭɫɠɪɠɨɮɝɬɺ ɢɝʀɟɬɣ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɟɣɝɣɦɩɬɺ ɛɡ ɨʀɺɥ ɨɠ ɟʀɝɲɛɲɠ ɩɜɦɣɲɲɺ Ƚɣɪɮɥɦʀ ɩɲʀ ɬɥɣɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɯɛɫɣ ɛɝɭɩɧɩɜʀɦɺ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɝɥɫɣɝɛɦɛ ɺɥɛɬɷ ɦɮɬɥɛ ɛ ɢɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɫɩɭɛ ɬɭɣɫɲɛɝ ɥɮɱɣɤ ɰɩɜɩɭ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɮɝʀɧɥɨɮɝ ɢɛɰɣɬɨɠ ɪɩɦɠ Ȼɟɡɠ ɪɫɣɦɛɟɣ ɨɠ ɩɜɧɛɨɹɹɭɷ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
370. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ Ⱥɧɞɪɿɣɤɨɜɟ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɱɧɟ ɨɩɨɜɿɞɚɧɧɹ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɣ ɜɢ ɩɨɮɚɧɬɚɡɭɜɚ ɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɞɢɜɚ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɛɭɥɨ ɛ ɩɨɛɚɱɢɬɢ ɧɚ ɱɭɠɢɯ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɯ Ɇɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɜ ɠɢɬɢ ɣ Ⱥɧɞɪɿɣɤɨɜɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɋɜɿɣ ɬɜɿɪ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
§ 40.
ɉɿɞɫɭɦɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɦ ³Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤ´ ɬɚ ³Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤ´
371. Ɋɨɡɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɩ, ɭɩ ɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤ ɹɤ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɿɽ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ Ⱦɥɹ ɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɳɟ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɿɜ
Ȳ ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ ɺɥ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ Ⱦɫɛɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɩɢɨɛɥɣ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɛɬɨʀɡɠɨɣɤ ɢɛɬɨʀɡɠɨɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɬɨʀɡɠɨɛ ɢɛɬɨʀɡɠɨʀ ɪɛɦɛɹɲɣɤ ɪɛɦɛɹɲɛ ɪɛɦɛɹɲɩʁ ɪɛɦɛɹɲʀ Ȼɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɞɩɦɩɬ ɭɫɠɧɭɣɭɷ ³ ɭɫɠɧɭɺɲɣɤ ɞɩɦɩɬ ɩɜ ɫʀɤ ɪɩɭɠɧɨʀɝ ³ ɪɩɭɠɧɨʀɦɣɤ ɩɜɫʀɤ Ɋɛɬɣɝɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɨɛɥɫɠɬɦɣɝ ɪɦɛɨ ³ ɨɛɥɫɠɬɦɠɨɣɤ ɪɦɛɨ ɮɲɠɨɷ ɝɣɭɠɫ ³ ɝɣɭɠɫɭɛ ɟɩɳɥɛ ,, ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɩɪɛɟɛ ɹɭɷ ³ ɩɪɛɟɛɹɲɣɤ ɬɪɦɺɭɷ ³ ɬɪɦɺɲɣɤ« ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɪɩɬɣɨʀɦɣ ³ ɪɩɬɣɨʀɦɣɤ ɟɩɬɭɣɞɦɣ ³ ɟɩɬɭɣɞɦɣɤ ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɛɬɣɝɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɝʀɟ ɟʀɾɬɦʀɝ ɢ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɹ ɨɛ ɛ ɢɞɛɺ ɭɣ ³ ɢɞɛɺɨɣɤ ɢʀɜɫɛɭɣ ³ ɢʀɜɫɛɨɣɤ ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɛɬɣɝɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɛ ɠɨ ɢɛɞɮɜ ɦɹ ³ ɢɛɞɮɜɦɠɨɣɤ ɪɫɣɨɛɟɡɮ ³ ɪɫɣɨɛɟɡɠɨɣɤ ɝɣɧɩɴɮ ³ ɝɣɧɩɴɠɨɣɤ ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɛɬɣɝɨɣɰ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɛ ɭ ɧɩɦɩ ɭɣ ³ ɧɩɦɩɭɣɤ ɥɣɨɮɭɣ ³ ɥɣɨɮɭɣɤ ɢɛɥɫɣɭɣ ³ ɢɛɥɫɣɭɣɤ Ɋɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɨ ɮ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛɰ ɝɣɰɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɠɡɟɛɨɣɤ ɳɛɦɠɨɣɤ ,,, Ƚʀɟɧʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ Ƚʀɟɧʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɝ ɩɟɨɣɨʀ ɦɠɡɛɲɩɞɩ ɦɠɡɛɲɣɧ ɨɛ ɦɠ ɡɛɲʀɧ ɦɠɡɛɲɩʁ ɦɠɡɛɲʀɤ Ƚʀɟɧʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɮ ɧɨɩɡɣɨʀ ɦɠɡɛɲʀ ɦɠɡɛɲɣɰ ,9 Ɋɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɨɠ ɢ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛɧɣ Ɋɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɨɠ ɝ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɩɝɩɧɮ ɢɝɩɫɩɭʀ ɟɩɬʀ ɨɠ ɲɮɝɛɨɣɤ ɨʀɥɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɨɣɤ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɣɤ«
Ɋʀɟɬɮɧɥɩɝɠ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɧ ´ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥµ ɭɛ ´ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥµ
Ɋɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɨɠ ɢ ɩɟɣɨɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɨɠɜɛɲɠɨɣɤ ɨɠɢɨɛɨɣɤ ɨʀ ɨɠ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɣɤ 9 ȼɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ Ⱦɫɛɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɩɢɨɛɥɣ ɯɩɫɧ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ ɥʀɧɨɛɭɮ ɪɫɣɜɫɛɨɩ ɬɭʀɦ ɢɛɬɭɠ ɦɠɨɩ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɫɠɲɠɨɷ ɢ ɯɩɫɧɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɩ ɭɩ ɥɩɬɩɝɣɱɹ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɩ ɟɠɫɠ ɝɛ ɪɩɬɛɟɡɠɨɩ 9, ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɺɥ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ Ⱦɫɛɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɩɢɨɛɥɣ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛ ɲɣɭɛɹɲɣ ɥɨɣɡɥɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɝɳɣ Ƚɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɟɮɝ ʀ ɨɠ ɝɴɮɰɛɝ ³ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɟɮɝ ɨɠ ɝɴɮ ɰɛɹɲɣ 9,, ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɲɠɥɛɹɭɷ ³ ɲɠɥɛɹɲɣ ɜɛɲɛɭɷ ³ ɜɛɲɛɲɣ ɂɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɠɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ʀɳɩɝ ʀ ɞɩɦɩɬɨɩ ɫɩɢɧɩɝ ɦɺɝ ³ ʀɳɩɝ ɞɩɦɩɬɨɩ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɹɲɣ ³ ʀɟɮɲɣ ɞɩɦɩɬɨɩ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɝ ɋɩɢɫʀɢɨɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛ ʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛ ɪɦɛɝɛɹɲɣ ʀ ɪɦɛɝɛɹɲʀ ɜʀɦʀɹɲɣ ʀ ɜʀɦʀɹɲʀ ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɝ ³ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɝɳɣ ɟɩɪɩɧʀɞ ³ ɟɩɪɩɧʀɞɳɣ ɂɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɟɩɥɩɨɛɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɦɣ ʀ ɝɢɺɦɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɮ ³ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɝɳɣ ɝɢɺɦɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɮ 9,,, ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɩɝɣɤ ʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɢɝɩɫɩɭɣ Ɋɩɨɺɭɭɺ ɪɫɩ ɢɝɩɫɩɭ ɢɛɬɣɪɛɨɣɤ ɬɨʀɞɩɧ ɫɩɢɲɣɬɭɣɝɳɣ ɟɩɫɩɞɮ Ɍɪʀɦɷɨɠ ɮ ɝɣɟʀɦɠɨɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɢɝɩɫɩ ɭʀɝ ɨɛ ɪɣɬɷɧʀ Ɋɛɫɮɝɛɦɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɨɛɪɩɾɨɛ ɟɩɴɠɧ ³ ɂʀɫɥɣ ɧɣɞɭɺɭɷ ɰɝɣɦɹ ɹɲɣ ɮɺɝɮ Ƚʀɟɧʀɨɨɠ ɮ ɝɣɟʀɦɠɨɨʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ʀ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɢɝɩ ɫɩɭʀɝ ɨɛ ɪɣɬɷɧʀ Ɋɛɫɮɝɛɦɛ ɨɛɪɩɾɨɛ ɟɩɴɠɧ ɢɠɧɦɺ ³ ɐɝɣɦɹɹɲɣ ɮɺɝɮ ɧɣɞ ɭɺɭɷ ɢʀɫɥɣ
ȱ Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɚɤ ɬɢɜɧɿ ɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɩɚɫɢɜɧɿ
ɉɢɨɛɤɩɧɦɠɨɣɤ ɬɭɩɺɲɣɤ ɢɨɠɱʀɨɠɨɣɤ ɩɢɝʀɫʀɦɣɤ ɪɠɫɠɥɫɣɭɣɤ ɢɛɫɡɛɝʀ ɦɣɤ ɪɛɦɛɹɲɣɤ ɢɞɛɬɦɣɤ ɝɣɫɩɬɦɣɤ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɠɨɣɤ ɪʀɟɪɠɫɭɣɤ ɢɜɦɺɥɦɣɤ ɩɫɛ ɨɣɤ ɨɛɞɫʀɭɣɤ ɬɧɛɥɮɹɲɣɤ ɢɛɝɧɠɫɦɣɤ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ Ⱦ ɉɚɜɥɢɱɤɚ ´ȿɠ ɝɩɦɺ ɫɩɟɣɭɷ ɬɺ «µ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
373. Ɂ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛµ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɩɟʀɫɝɛɨɣɤ ³ ). ɋʀɟɨɛ ɧɩɝɩ ɜɠɢ ɭɠɜɠ ɨʀɰɭɩ ɺ ɧɩɝ ɩɟʀɫɝɛɨɣɤ ɝʀɭɫɩɧ ɦɣɬɭɩɥ Ɋ Ɋɠɫɠ ɜɣɤɨʀɬ ɉ ɬɦɩɝɩ ɫʀɟɨɠ ɉɫɦɠ ɬɥɮɭɣɤ ɒɮɡɣɨɱɺɧ ɥɣɨɮɭɠ ɨɛ ɬɧʀɰ Ɍɪʀɝɩɲɣɤ ɞɫʀɧ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝ ɧɩʁɰ ɟʀɭɷɧɣ ɜɠɢɪɛɧ·ɺɭɨɩ ɢɛɜɮɭɣɤ ɉ ɉɦɠɬɷ ɉ ɫʀɟɨɠ ɬɦɩ ɝɩ ɰɭɩ ɜɠɢ ɭɠɜɠ ɺ" Ɉʀɧɣɤ ɡɠɜɫɛɥ ɬɭɛɫɱɹɹɲɣɤ ɜɫɩɟɺɞɛ ɇɠɫɭɝɺɥ ɩɜɫɩɬɦɣɤ ɪɦɣɭɭɺɧ ɬɛɫɥɩɯɛɞɛ ȿ Ɋɛɝɦɣɲɥɩ Ƚ ɬɭɠɪɮ ɩɡɣɝɛɾ ɪʀɬɨɺ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɢɛɨʀɧʀ ɦɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ Ɇ Ʌɩɬɭɠɨɥɩ
374. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɪɲ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɽ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɣ ɧɚ ɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ
ɇɩɝɩ ɧɩɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ³ ȼɛɭɷɥʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɨɬɷɥɛ ɚ ɭɠɜɠ ɢɨɛɹ ɨɠ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɮ ³ Ɋɫyɬɭɮ ɟɩɧɛɳɨɹ ɢɝɣɲɨɮ Ɉɠ ɢ ɢɛ ɧɩɫʀɝ ɪɫɣɥɦɣɥɛɨɮ Ɉɠ ɢ ɬɦɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛɬɧɣɥɛɨɮ ɍɣ ɮ ɧɠɨɠ ʀɢ ɥɩɫɠɨɺ ³ Ɋɩɦɠɧ ɧɠɨʀ ɨɛɞɩɝɩɫɠɨɛ ȿɢɝɩɨɩɧ ɥɩɬɣ ɪɫɩɥɩɝɛɨɛ Ƚ ɲɣɬɭʀɤ ɝɩɟʀ ɬɧɛɥɩɝɛɨɛ ȼɩɦɠɧ ɩɲɠɤ ɪɫɩɟɛɝɦɠɨɛ Ɍɧɮɭɥɩɧ ɜɛɞɛɭɷ ɪɫɩɟɣɧɦɠɨɛ ɂ ɰɦʀɜɩɧ ɮ ɟɮɳɮ ɝɬɧɩɥɭɛɨɛ Ƚ ɪɩɭʀ ɦɹɟɬɷɥʀɧ ɨɛɧɩɥɨɮɭɛ ɂ ɥɫɩɝ·ɹ ɧɩɾɹ ɢɧʀɳɛɨɛ Ȳ ɛɡ ɟɩ ɬɥɩɨɮ ɢɛɦɣɳɠɨɛ Ƚ ɬɠɫɱʀ ɧɩʁɧ Ƚ ȼɣɲɥɩ
375. ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɹɤɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɫɬɚɥɢɫɹ ɜ ɞɿɽɫɥɿɜɧɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɯ
Ɋɩɺɬɨɹɝɛɭɣ ³ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɝɛɨɣɤ ɛɟɫɠɬɮɝɛɭɣ ³ ɛɟɫɠɬɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɮɝɛ ɭɣ ³ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɣɭɣ ³ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɡɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɦɛɞɩɟɣɭɣ ³ ɪɩɦɛ ɞɩɟɡɠɨɣɤ ɪɮɬɭɣɭɣ ³ ɪɮɴɠɨɣɤ ɢɛɪɦɛɭɣɭɣ ³ ɢɛɪɦɛɲɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɣɭɣ ³ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɨɩɝɣɭɣ ³ ɪɩɨɩɝɦɠɨɣɤ ɞɮɫɥɩɭʀɭɣ ³ ɞɮɫɥɩɭɺɲɣɤ ɞɮɫɥɩɭɛ ɭɣ ³ ɞɮɫɥɩɲɮɲɣɤ
Ɋʀɟɬɮɧɥɩɝɠ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɧ ´ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥµ ɭɛ ´ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥµ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸ ɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮµ ɚ ɜɮɝ ɨɠ ɢ ɜɩɺɢɥɣɰ ɞɫɩɢɛ ɨɠ ɦɺɥɛɦɛ ɧɠɨɠ ɚ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɦɹɜɣɝ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɦɠɞ ɥɣɤ ɰɩɦɩɟɩɥ ɮ ɞɫɮɟɺɰ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɫɣɪɛɝɳɣ ɟɩ ɳɣɜɥɣ ɟɣɝɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɦʀɪɮɲʀ ɢɧʀʁ ʀ ɬɭɫʀɦɣ ɜɦɣɬɥɛɝɩɥ Ʌɩɦɣ ɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɡɛɹɲɣ ɰɧɛɫɮ ɮ ɝɣɬɠɦɩɥ ɢɛɬɥɩɲɣɦɣ ɢ ɫɩɢ ɞɩɨɮ ɩɳɛɦɠɨʀɦʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɞɫɩɢɩɝʀ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɢɜɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɝɮɦɣɱʀ ɥɮɫɺɝɮ ɭɛ ɨɛɰɣɦɺɹ ɲɣ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɣ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɺ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɝ ɴɩ ɧʀɤ ɲɛɬ ɨɛɬɭɛɝ Ȳ ɪɩɥɣ ɧɛɭɣ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɢɛɞɨɛɦɛ ɧɠɨɠ ɟɩ ɰɛɭɣ ɺ ɴɩɟɮɡ ɪɩɧɲɛɝ ɟɩ ɳɥɩɦɣ Ƚɬɠ ɡɣɝɠ ɪɩɰɩɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɜɮɫɠɹ Ɇɣɳ ɺ ɩɟɣɨ ɜʀɞ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɹɲɣ ɪʀɟ ɨɩɞɛɧɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɜɛɲɛɲɣ ɢɛ ɬɦɷɩɢɛɧɣ ɴɩ ɢɛɬɭɣɦɛɦɣ ɩɟ ɝʀɭɫɮ ɩɲʀ ȼ Ȼɨɭɩɨɠɨɥɩ ȿɛɝɣɟɩɝɣɲ
ȱȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɉɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ
ȱ ɍɬɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɿɡ ɫɭ ɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɮɲɣ ɹɲɣ ɿɡ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɛɲɣ ɺɲɣ ɍɫʀɬɥɩɭɛɭɣ ɡɧɮɫɣɭɣɬɺ ɫʀɢɛɭɣ ɩɟɮɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɨɣɥɛɭɣ ɝɩɦɩɲɣɭɣ ɬɝɣɬɭʀɭɣ ɜɩɫɩɭɣɬɺ ɢ·ʁɡɟɡɛɭɣ ɬɣɟʀɭɣ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɭ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɿ ɧɿɦɟɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɜɱɟɧɨɝɨ Ƀɨɝɚɧɧɚ Ƚɟɪɞɟɪɚ ´ɐɭɩ ɨɠ ɦɹɜɣɭɷ ɭɩɤ ɨɠ ɢɛɬɦɮɞɩɝɮɾ ʀɧ·ɺ ɦɹɟɣɨɣµ. ȱ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ Ƚɬɭɣɞɛɹɲɣ ɬɦɮɡɛɲɣ ɩɟɮɡɮɹɲʀ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɹɲɣ ɨɛɟɣɰɛɹɲʀ ɢɝɩɦʀɥɛɹɲɣ ɟɩɦɛɹɲɣ ɱɝʀɭɮɲʀ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ´ ³ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɛɤ ɤɩɞɩµ. 379*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɞɿɥɹɸɱɢ ɤɨɦɚɦɢ ɞɟ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɬɚ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫ ɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ȼɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ
Ɍɭɠɪ ɪɩɝɣɭɣɤ ɭɣɳɠɹ ɟɣɰɛɝ ɪɛɰɩɴɛɧɣ ɫɩɬɺɨɣɰ ɭɫɛɝ Ɋɠɭɫɩ Ɋɛɨɲ Ɉɠɜɩ ɲɣɬɭɠ ɦɛɞʀɟɨɠ ɦɛɞʀɟɨɠ ɴɩ ɟɣɝɦɺɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɧɣɧɩɰʀɭɷ ɩɬɧʀɰɨɠɳɬɺ Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɲɠɨɥɩ ȿɩɜɫɠ ɜɮɦɩ ʁɰɛɭɣ ɝɠɦɩɬɣɪɠɟɩɧ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɬɠɫɪɨɠɝʀ ɪɩɦɺ Ɋɮɰɥɛ ɩɟ ɪɣɦɹɥɣ ɬɭɠɡɠɲɥɛ ɢɜɣɭɛ ɨɩɞɛɧɣ ɪɩɞɩɤɟɮɝɛɦɛ ɧɠɨɠ ɂ·ʁɰɛɝɳɣ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɜ ɺ ɢɮɪɣɨɣɝɬɺ ɚ ɴɠ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɝ ɪɩ ɪɩɦɹ ɫɩɢɳɮɥɮɹɲɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɦɣɪɮ ɉɭɩɤ ɬɧɮɭɩɥ ɪɫɣɝɠɢɠɨɣɤ ɧɨɩɹ ɨɠɟɛɝɨɩ ɢ ɪɩɦʀɝ ɨɠɪɩɧʀɭɨɩ ɝʀɟɭɛɨɮɝ ɮ ɧɩʁɤ ɟɮɳʀ Ƚɣɤɳɦɛ ɧɛɧɛ ɪɩɢɜɣɫɛɦɛ ɝ ɭɫɛɝʀ ɺɜɦɮɥɛ ʀ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɬɥɛɢɛɝɳɣ ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɪʀɳɦɛ ɟɩ ɰɛɭɣ ɂ ɮɬʀɰ ɬɛɟɥʀɝ ɪɛɰɦɩ ɨɛɞɫʀɭɩɹ ɨɛ ɬɩɨɱʀ ɥɩɫɩɹ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɂ ɭɝ Ȱ Ⱦɮɱɛɦɛ Ɉɛɫʀɝɨʀ ɢ ɝʀɥɨɩɧ ɭɷɧɺɨɩ ɜʀɦʀɦɣ ɪɫɣɪɩɫɩɳɠɨʀ ɪɣɦɩɧ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɦʀ ɛɥɛɱʀʁ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
380. ȼɢɞɿɥɟɧɿ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɚɦɿɧɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɚɛɨ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ ɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ
Ɍɣɟɡɮ ɝ ɢɛɭɣɳɥɮ ɨɛ ɩɬɩɨɨʀ ɤ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɹ ɢɛ ɪɭɛɳɥɛɧɣ Ⱦɫɛɥ ɺɥɣɤ ɝɧɩɬɭɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɬɣɱʀ ɪɫɩɜɮɾ ɬɪʀɝɛɭɣ ɂɛɱɝʀɫʀɨɲɛɦɣ ɞɩɫɩɜɱʀ ɺɥɣɰ ɫɩɢɜɮɟɣɦɛ ɞɫɛɥɩɝɛ ɪʀɬɨɺ Ɏ ɨɠɜʀ ɭɫʀɪɩɲɮɭɷ ɥɫɣɦɷɱɺɧɣ ɤ ɨɠɝɭɩɧɨɩ ɟɢɝɠɨɺɭɷ ɡɛɤɝɩɫɩɨɥɣ ɂ ɦʀɬɮ ɫɛɢ ɮ ɫɛɢ ɟɩɦɣɨɛɹɭɷ ɫɣɪɦɣɝʀ ɞɩɦɩɬɣ ɲɛɪɠɦɷ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɤɨɺɦɣɬɺ ɫɠɧɩɨɭɩɧ ɞɨʀɢɟ Ɍɰɩɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɮ ɝɡɠ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɰɦʀɜɛɰ ʀ ɭɫʀ ɴɛɭɷ ɟɠɫɥɛɲʀ ȿɩɝɥɩɦɛ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥʀ ɬɩɨɠɲɥɛ ɬɝʀɭɺɭɷɬɺ ɞɩɫɣɱɝʀɭɣ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɨɛɪɩʁɝ ɭɠɪɦɣɤ ɟɩɴ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɡɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚ ɝɭ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɿ
Ɋʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɨʀɡ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɫɣɦɠɭʀɦɣ ɦɠɦɠɥɣ ȼɩɞɟɛɨ ɝɣɞɦɺɟɛɝ ʁɰ ɮɡɠ ɱʀɦɣɤ ɭɣɡɟɠɨɷ ɪɩ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɨɛ ɟɠɨɷ ɪɣɭɛɝ ɮ ɟʀɟɛ ´Ȳ ɥɩɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɡɠ ɪɫɣɦɠ ɭɺɭɷ"µ ɨɠ ɟɩɞɛɟɮɹɲɣɬɷ ɴɩ ɤ ɬɭɛɫɠɨɷɥɩɧɮ ɭɠɡ ɨɠ ɭɠɫɪɣɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɣ ʁɰ ɉɜɣɟɝɛ ɨɛʁɝɨɩ ɝʀɫɣɦɣ ɴɩ ɟɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɰɭɩ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɷ ɪɠɫɳɩɞɩ ɦɠɦɠɥɮ ɝ ɪɩɦɷɩɭʀ ɝɠɬɷ ɫʀɥ ɜɮɟɠ ɴɛɬɦɣɝɣɤ Ȳɢɫɛɨɥɮ ɪɣɦɷɨɩ ɝɣɟɣɝɦɺɦɣɬɷ ɮ ɨɠɜɩ ɛ ɦɠɦɠɥ ɮɬɠ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɍɛ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɟɨɺ ȼɩɞɟɛɨ ɟɩɲɠɥɛɝɬɺ ȼɮɦɩ ɱɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɩɜʀɟɮ Ɋɩɝɠɫɨɮɝɳɣɬɷ ɢʀ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɝʀɨ ɮɢɺɝɬɺ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɭɣ ɟʀɟɩɝʀ ɢɛɥɩɪɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɩɝʀ ɬɭɩɝɪɣ ɟɦɺ ɪɦɩɭɮ ɬɭɛɫʀ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɪɩɝɛɦɣɦɛ ɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɱɺ Ɍɭɛɦɣ ɪɫɣɜɣɝɛɭɣ ɳɭɛɰɠɭɣɨɣ ʀ ɬɛɧɠ ɝ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ȼɩɞɟɛɨ ɞɦɺɨɮɝ ɨɛ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɛɜɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɲɛɬɮ ɤɩɧɮ ɢɛɦɣ ɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɟɦɺ ɮɫɩɥʀɝ ʀ ɨɠ ɪɩɝʀɫɣɝ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɩɲɛɧ ³ ʀɢ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ɟɩ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɩɜʀɤɬɭɺ ɦɠɭʀɝ ɦɠɦɠɥɛ ³ ȿʀɟɮ ³ ɫɛɟʀɬɨɩ ɝɣɞɮɥɨɮɝ ɝʀɨ ³ Ɇɠɦɠɥɛ ȿʀɟ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɝ ɧɩɦɩɭɩɥ ɝɣɪɫɩɬɭɛɝɬɺ ɪɣɦɷɨɩ ɪɫɣɟɣɝɦɺɹɲɣɬɷ ɟɩ ɜʀɦɩɞɩ ɳɣ ɫɩɥɩɥɫɣɦɩɞɩ ɪɭɛɰɛ ɴɩ ɩɪɮɬɥɛɝɬɺ ɝɬɠ ɨɣɡɲɠ ʀ ɢɫɩɜɣɝɳɣ ɪʀɝɥɩɦɩ ɨɛɟ ɩɜʀɤ ɬɭɺɧ ɦɠɞɥɩ ɩɪɮɬɭɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɞɨʀɢɟɩ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɡ ɟɫʀɜɨɩ ɢɛɥɦɛɱɛɝ ɟɢɷɩɜɩɧ ɉɞɦɺɨɮɝ ɞɨʀɢɟɩ ɴɠ ɪɩɥɦɛɱɛɝ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɴɩ ɟɩɧʀɝɥɛ ɱʀɦɛ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɪɫɩɪɦɣɝ ɮ ɪɩ ɝʀɭɫʀ ɪɩɢɛ ɞɩɫɩɟɩɧ ʀ ɬʀɝ ɨɛ ɞɫɺɟɱʀ ɨɠɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɝʀɟ ɟʀɟɛ ɭɛ ȼɩɞɟɛɨɛ ɉ Ɇɮɪʀɤ
Ɋʀɟɬɮɧɥɩɝɠ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɧ ´ȿʀɾɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥµ ɭɛ ´ȿʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥµ
ȱȱ ɍɹɜɿɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɭ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɿ ɹɤ ɞɿɞ ɡ ɨɧɭɤɨɦ ɭɞɜɨɯ ɩɨɪɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɛɿɥɹ ɩɥɨɬɚ ɿ ɹɤ ɬɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɬɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɣ ɩɨɡɢɪɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɨ ɿ ɳɨ ɞɭɦɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɰɟɣ ɱɚɫ ɿ ɧɚɪɟɲɬɿ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɨɦɿɬɢɥɢ ɥɟɥɟɤɭ Ɉɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɚɦɿ ɬɚɤɭ ɫɚɦɭ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ Ⱦɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ ɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɜɠɢɬɿ ɜ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ
382. Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɩɨɦɢɥ ɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ
ȼɩɦɠɧ ʀ ɬɭɫɛɰɩɧ ɪɠɫɠɤɨɺɦɣɬɺ ɥɣɺɨɣ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝɳɣ ɨɛ Ɇʀɝɩɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɨɠɢɲɣɬ ɦɠɨɨʀ ɪɩɦɥɣ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɨɛɲɠ ɭɠɧɨɩ ɥɩɫɣɲɨɠɝɛ ɦɛɝɣɨɛ ɨɠɝɪɣɨɨɩ ɨɛɪɦɣɝɛɦɣ ʀɢ ɨɠɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɣ ɝɬɠ ɞɫʀɢɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɪɩɞɫɩɡɮɹɲɣ ɢɛɪɩɦɩɨɣ ɭɣ ɝɬɠ ɟɩɝɥʀɦɦɺ ɨɛɥɫɣɭɣ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɢɦɩɝʀɬɨɣɧ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɧ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɝ ʀ ɥɫɩɝ·ɹ ʀ ɜɫɮɟɩɧ ʀ ɲɣɧɩɬɷ ɨɠɡɣɝɣɧ Ɋɠɫɳɣɧɣ ɪɩɧʀɭɣɦɣ ɧɩɨɛɰɣ ɢ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɝɩɨɣ ɤ ɢɨɺɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɪɩɦɩɰ ɝɩɨɣ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɦɣ ɬɭɫɛɳɨʀ ɝʀɬɭʀ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɷɥɩʁ ɮɪɫɛɝɣ Ɍɭɛɫɳʀ ɧɩɨɛɰɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɪɫɣɬɭɫɛɬɨɩ ɧɩɦɣɭɣɬɺ ɧɩɦɩɟɳʀ ɪɩɞɦɺɟɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɰ ʀ ɬɩɜʀ ɧɩɦɣɦɣɬɷ Ƚ ɟɮɳʀ ɨɠ ɪɩɞɩɟɡɮɹɲɣɬɷ ʀɢ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɳɮɥɛɦɣ ɪɩɫɺɭɮɨɥɮ ɪɫɣɬɦɮɰɛɦɣɬɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɟɩ ʀɞɮɧɠɨɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɫɛɟɣɝ ɨɠ ɞɛɹɲɣ ɲɛɬɮ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɷ ɟɩ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɣ ɉɭɠɱɷ Ɉɣɥɩɟɣɧ ɝɣɞɩɦɩɬɣɝ ɮɬʀ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɨɛɝ ɨɠɢɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɩ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɰɫɠɬ ɭɺɲɣɬɷ ȼɦɛɞɛɝ ɛɫɰɛɨɞɠɦʀɝ ɛɨɞɠɦʀɝ ɬɥɦɣɥɛɝ ɮɬʀ ɨɠɜɠɬɨʀ ɬɣɦɣ ɢɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɬɺ ɤ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɭɣ ɝɫɠɳɭʀ ɝɡɠ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɨ ɞɩɦɩɬ ɢɛɞɩɝɩɫɣɝ ³ Ɍɭɛɨɷɭɠ ɢɮɪɣɨʀɭɷɬɺ Ɉɠɧɛ ɝɛɧ ɟɩɫɩɞɣ ɟɛɦʀ ɍɮɭ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɩɜɫɛɨɠ ȼɩɞɩɧ ɝɣ ɡ ɨɠɫɩɢɮɧɨʀ ɪɩɨɣɴɣɭɠ ɝɬɠ ɉ Ɇɮɪʀɤ
383. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɤɪɢɥɚɬɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ Ȳɢ ɴɣɭɩɧ ɲɣ ɨɛ ɴɣɭʀ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɥɩɦɣ ɬɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨʀ ɬɪɛɫ ɭɛɨɱʀ ɤɳɦɣ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɭɣ ɝʀɭɲɣɢɨɮ ɧɛɭɠɫʀ ɪɩɟɛɹɲɣ ʁɧ ɴɣɭɣ ɪɫɣɧɩɝɦɺɦɣ ´ɂ ɨɣɧ ɛɜɩ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɧɮµ ³ ɱɠ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɦɩ ɨʀ ɝ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɫɛɢʀ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɬɭɮɪɛɤ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɝɩɫɩɞɩɧ ɐɭɩ ɜɠɫɠ ³ ɮɬɠ ɭɩɤ ɭɫɛɭɣɭɷ ɰɭɩ ɟɛɾ ³ ɮɬɠ ɪɫɣɟɜɛɝ ɱʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɞɫɮɢɣɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɩɠɭɩɝʀ ɓɩɭɛ ɋɮɬɭɛɝɠɦʀ ɴɩ ɡɣɝ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ;,, ³ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;,,, ɬɭ ʀ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɛɨʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɠɞɩʁɬɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɢɛɡɠɫɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ Ɉɛ ɺɬɨʀ ɢɩɫʀ ɨɛ ɭɣɰʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɱɣɧɣ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɛɝɭɩɫɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɟɮɧ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɪɛɦɥɠ ɪɫɛɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɜɫɛɨɱʀɝ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɣɰ ɭɮɫɥɛɧɣ ɲɣ ɭɛɭɛɫɛɧɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɭɣɬɷ ɮ ɫʀɟɨɣɤ ɥɫɛɤ ³ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ
Ȳɟɠɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɭɛɭɛɫɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɮ ɨɛɝɛɦɮ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɫɩɥɮ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ÏÐÈÑ˲ÂÍÈÊ § 41.
Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾ ɩɢɨɛɥɮ ɟʀʁ ɬɭɛɨɮ ɛɜɩ ʀɨɳɩʁ ɩɢɨɛɥɣ ʀ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɺɥ" ɨɛɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ" ɟɠ" ɥɩɦɣ" ɲɩɧɮ" ɨɛɝʀɴɩ" Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɭɩɧɮ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɷ ɨɠ ɧɛɹɭɷ Ɏ ɫɠɲɠɨɨʀ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɨɛɤɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɫɩɦʀ ɩɜɬɭɛ ɝɣɨ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɮ ɫɠɲɠɨɨʀ Ɉɠɜɩ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɬɣɨʀɦɩ ɪɩ ɝɠɬɨɺɨɩ ɧɮ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ³ ɩɜɬɭɛɝɣɨɛ ɲɛɬɮ ɥɩɦɣ" ɪɩ ɝɠɬɨɺɨɩɧɮ ³ ɩɜɬɭɛɝɣɨɛ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɮ ɟʀʁ ɺɥ" Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɛ ɪɫɣɬɮɟɥɛɧɣ ɝ ɜɠɢɩɬɩɜɩɝɣɰ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺɰ Ɇɠɞɥɩ ɨɛ ɬɠɫɱʀ ɝ ɬɭɛ ɫɩɞɩ ɬɛɟʀɝɨɣɥɛ Ȳ ɑɹɪɛ ɜ ɝɬɭɛɝɨɣɧɣ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ Ʌɫɛɬɛ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɨɛɬ ɭɛɥɣ ɝɫɺɭɮɾ ɺɥɴɩ ɧɣ ɪɩɫɺɭɮɾɧɩ ɥɫɛɬɮ ɇ ɋɮɟɠɨɥɩ ɝ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧɣ Ɉɛɦɣɝɬɺ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭ ɪɩɝɨɩɭɣ ʀ ɬɪɩɞɦɺɟɛɾ ɬɛɧ ɬɠɜɠ Ȼɦɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɣɺɬɷ ɫɮɥɛ ɨɛ ɟɝɛ ɪɠɫɠɬʀɥɛɾ ɨɛ ɬɝʀɭ ɝɞɩɫʀ ʀ ɬɝʀɭ ɝɨɣɢɮ Ɋ ɍɣɲɣɨɛ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɛ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɢɛ ɪɩɰɩ ɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ ʀ ɢɛ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɧ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ 384. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ɣ ɞɨɩɨɜɧɿɬɶ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɿ ɜɢɳɟ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤ ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛ ɑɣɯɫɩ ɝɣɤ ɥɩɟ
ɋɩɢɫɺɟ ɢɛ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ
Ɋɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ
Ɉɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ
³ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɮ ɟʀʁ ɧʀɫɣ ɤ ɬɭɮɪɠɨɺ ɧʀɬɱɺ
ɪɠɫɝɣɨɨɣɤ
³
ɝʀɟ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥɛ
ɩɟɨɣɧ ɬɦɩɝɩɧ
ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛ
ɲɛɬɮ
ɝʀɟ ɲɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛ
ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ ɧɠɭɣ
ɝʀɟ ɢɛɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛ ɝʀɟ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɛ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛ ɝʀɟ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɪɩɝ ɨɩɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɧɩɝɣ
ɟɝɩɧɛ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɭɫɷɩɧɛ ɤ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɟɠɯʀɬ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɟɝɛ ɟɠɯʀɬɣ ʀɨɳɣɧ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɧ
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨɠ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺ ɪɫɩ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ
385. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɧɚ ɹɤɿ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɹɤɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɦɨɜɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ
Ɉɠ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɞɩɝɩɫɣ ɴɩ ɢɨɛɾɳ ɛ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɢɨɛɤ ɴɩ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɳ Ʌɩɦɣ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ ɨɠ ɰɩɟɣɝ ɪɩ ɧɛɦɣɨɮ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɝɡɠ ɪʀɢɨɩ Ɂɛɭɣ ɝɟɠɨɷ ɟɮɳɨɩ ɛ ɝɨɩ ɲʀ ɥɮɬɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɥɩɧɛɫʀ ɋɩɢɮɧɨɮ ɫʀɲ ɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɤ ɬɦɮɰɛɭɣ ɂɝɣɥɛɤ ɟɩ ɟʀɦɛ ɢɧɩɦɩɟɮ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɭɣɧɠɳ ɨɛ ɬɭɛɫʀɬɭɷ ɞɩɦɩɟɮ ɔɩ ɟɮɧɛɾɳ ɬɥɛɢɛɭɣ ɬɪɠɫɳɮ ɩɜɧʀɫɥɮɤ ȿɝʀɲʀ ɦʀɭɛ ɨɠ ɜɮɝɛɾ Ƚɬɺɥ ɫɩɢɮɧɨɣɤ ɪɩ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɩɟɣɨ ɬɪɠɫɳɮ ɛ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ɪɩɭʀɧ Ʌɩɦɣ ɜ ɭɩɤ ɫɩɢɮɧ ɨɛɪɠɫɠɟ ɴɩ ɪɩɭɩɧɮ
386. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɡɚ ɡɦɿɫɬɨɦ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɐɭɩ ɦɠɟɛɫɹɾ ɭɩɤ ɜʀɟɮɾ ɐɭɩ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɫɩɜɣɭɷ ɭɩɤ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɲɛɬɮ ɔɩ ɨɠ ɢɫɩɜɣɳ ɭɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɨɛɢɟɩɡɠɨɠɳ ʀ ɥɮɫɲɛɭɛ ɥɮɫɧɣ ɜɮɟɮɭɷ Ȳɟɠɳ ³ ɟɩɫɩɞɛ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɛ Ʌɫɛɴɠ ʁɰɛɭɣ ɨʀɡ ɤɭɣ ʀ ɬɭʀɨɣ ɪɩ ɧɛɞɛɹɭɷ Ɍɦɩɝɛ ɟɦɺ ɝɬɭɛɝɩɥ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ ɮɢɣɧɥɮ ɝɩɬɠɨɣ ɮɝɠɲɠɫʀ ɝɫɛɨɱʀ ɝɟɩɧɛ ɪɩ ɞɛɨɩ ɮɟɝɩɰ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɰɩɫɩɳɠ
387. Ⱦɨ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɢɟɛɝɨɛ ɞɨɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɢ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ
Ƚʀɟɟɛɝɨɛ ɫɛɢ ɮ ɫɛɢ ɝɫɺɟɣ ɞɩɟɣ ɟɠɥɩɦɣ ɢɝʀɥɮ ɪɫɛɝʀɥɮ ɢ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɟɛɝɠɨ ɢ ɟʀɟɛ ɪɫɛɟʀɟɛ ɢɫʀɟɥɛ ʀɨɩɟʀ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɠɩɟɨɩɫɛɢɩɝɩ ɨɠ ɫɛɢ ɨɠɫʀɟɥɩ ɬɪɩɥɩɨɝʀɥɮ ɬɪɫɛɝʀɥɮ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɟ ɲɛɬɮ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɞɮɬɭɩ
388. ɇɚɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɭ ɫɜɨɽɦɭ ɡɨɲɢɬɿ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɪɨɡ ɛɟɪɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɡɚ ɛɭɞɨɜɨɸ ɚ ɩɨɬɿɦ ɫɜɿɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɦ ɳɨ ɜ ɤɧɢɠɰɿ ɉɨɹɫ ɧɿɬɶ ɱɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɯ ɧɟɦɚɽ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɶ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ
Ɋɫɠɯʀɥɬ
Ʌɩɫʀɨɷ
Ɍɮɯʀɥɬ
ɭɣɰɩ ɬɪɩɝɨɛ ɪɩ ɬɭɛɫɩɧɮ ɪɩɨɩɲʀ ɨɛɝɠɬɨʀ ɮɪ·ɺɭɷɩɰ ɨɛɝɪɫɣɬɺɟɥɣ
³ ɬ ɪɩ ɪɩ ɨɛ ɮ ɨɛɝɪɫɣ
ɭɣɰ ɪɩɝɨ ɬɭɛɫ ɨɩɲ ɝɠɬɨ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɬɺɟ
ɩ ɛ ɩɧɮ ʀ ʀ ɩɰ ɥɣ
ȱ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɭɬɜɨ ɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɱɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ
Ɍɪɩɝɨɛ ɪɩ ɨɩɝɩɧɮ ɝɨɩɲʀ ɮɭɫɷɩɰ ɜɠɢ ɮɪɣɨɮ ɭɫɣɲʀ ɢɝɣɬɩɥɛ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɨɛ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɢɫɩɟɮ ɪɩɩɟɣɨɱʀ ɬɥɩɬɛ ɥɝɩɦɩ ɪɩɝʀɥ ɝʀɥʀɝ ɫʀɝɨɩ ɮɪ·ɺ ɭɠɫɩ ɬɥɩɫɩ ɩɬɭɩɫɩɨɷ ɬɭɩɫɲɛɥɛ ɜɠɢ ɮɞɛɝɮ ɨɛɲɠɭɝɠɫɩ ɝʀɫɨɩ ɢɝɠɫɰɨɷɩ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ Ɇ Ɋɢɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨ ´ȿɩ ɧɩɞɣɦ ɞɠɫɩʁɝ«µ.
390. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɿɣ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨ ɪɟɧɿ
³ Ɍɥɛɡɣ ɨɩ ɇɣɥɩɦɷɱɹ ɲɩɧɮ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɬɝʀɭɣɭɷ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɩ ɛ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ³ ɜɦʀ ɟɩ" ³ ɢɛɪɣɭɮɾ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɷ ɮɲɨɺ ³ ȼɩ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɨɛ ɨɠɜʀ ɝɟɠɨɷ ɛ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ɮɨɩɲʀ ³ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɝ ɮɲɠɨɷ
391. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɉʀ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɩ ɨʀ ɭɠɪɦɩ ɜɛɤɟɮɡɠ ɪʀɟ ɬɭʀɦ ɪʀɳɥɣ ɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɜɮɭɣ ɧɛɦɩɹ ɟɣ ɭɣɨɩɹ ʀɭɣ ɨɛɝɪɩɧɛɱɥɣ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɜɠɢ ɪɠɝɨɣɰ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɜɛɜɛ ɨɛɟɝɩɾ ɝɩ ɫɩɡɣɦɛ ɨɠɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɲɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɭɷɬɺ ɴɩɬɷ ɲɣ ɨʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɩɥɮɪɣ ɟɮɧɥɣ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɭɣɬɺ ɢɨɛɤɭɣ ɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɤ ɢɝ·ɺɢɩɥ ɮ ɟɮɧɥɛɰ ɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɢɜɩɥɮ ɥɫɣɭɣɲɨɩ ɩɱʀɨɣɭɣ ɥɩɡɨɛ Ⱦɛɨɨɛ ɪɩ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɞɛɫɨɛ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɪɩ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɡɣɝɠ ʀ ɟɮɧɛɾ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ɏȱ9 Ɉɩɢɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɩɪɚɰɿ ȿɩɜɫɠ ɪɫɣɞɦɺɨɷɭɠɬɺ ɟɩ ɭɫɮɟɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɮ ɬɛɧʀ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɤɭɠ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɭɣ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɛɜɩ ɤ ɮɬʀ ɭɫɮɟɩɝʀ ɟʀʁ Ƚɣɟʀɦʀɭɷ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɠɭɛɪɣ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɨɺ ɭɫɮɟɩɝɣɰ ɟʀɤ ʀ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝ ɨɩ ɩɪɣɳʀɭɷ ʁɰ Ɋɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɟʀɤ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɛɤɭɠ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɬɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɟɛɦʀ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɨɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɨɛɬɛɧɥʀɨɠɱɷ ɉɪɣɬɮɹɲɣ ɭɫɮɟɩɝɣɤ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɤɭɠɬɷ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɭɣ ɤ ɰɛɫɛɥ ɭɠɫ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɺɥɛ ɪɫɛɱɹɾ ɍɜɚɠɧɨ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɞɜɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɬɢɦ ɹɤ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɿ ɞɿʀ ɹɤɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɠɢɬɨ ɹɤ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɞɿɣɨɜɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨɠ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺ ɪɫɩ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɿ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɫɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɜɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɱɚɫ ɬɢɧ ɦɨɜɢ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ
Ƚɣ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɺɥ ɫɩɜɣɭɷɬɺ ɬɝɣɴɣɥ" ȼɠɫɠɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɟɩɜɫɣɤ ɪɛɦɠɱɷ ɢɛɝɭɩɝɳɥɣ ɦɩɢɣɨɛ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɨɠʁ ɱɮɫɪɛ ɦɩɥ ɬɛɨɭɣɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɟɠɬɺɭɷ ɢɛɝɟɩɝɡɥɣ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɪɫɩɫʀɢɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɝɥɫɮɞ ɧɩɦɩɟɛ ɥɩɫɛ ɩɜɠɫɠɡɨɩ ɩɜɬɭɮɥɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɥɩɦɩɟɩɲɥɩɹ ɨɩɡɛ ɟɩɥɣ ɨɠ ɢɟʀɤɧɠɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ɫɮɥɛɝɣɲɥɛ Ɉɮ ɛ ɭɩɟʀ ɝɡɠ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɝɣɟɩɝɜɛɝ ɝ ɩɞɩɦɠɨɩɧɮ ɟɠɫɠɝʀ ɺɧɥɮ ɨɛɟɫʀɢɛɝ ɥʀɨɲɣɥ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɨɛɭɺɞ ɥɩɫɮ ³ ʀ ɬɝɣɴɣɥ ɞɩɭɩɝɣɤ Ɍɭɫɩɧɦɺɤ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɩ ɦɩɝʀɲɠ ɟɩ ɫɩɭɛ ʀ ɬɝɣɴɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɨɛ ɢɟɩɫɩɝ·ɺ ɉɭɛɥ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɝɲɣɝ ɧɠɨɠ ɇɣɥɩɦɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɺ ɪɩɱʀɥɛɝɣɝɬɺ ɟɠ ɝʀɨ ɟɩɪ·ɺɝ ɬɝɣɴɣɥɛ Ȼ ȿʀɧɛɫɩɝ
,ȱ ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɱɿɬɤɨ ɭɹɜɿɬɶ ɫɨɛɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɹ ɫɜɢɳɢɤɚ ɡɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɡɜɢ ɞɿɣ ɬɚ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ Ɇɨɠɟɬɟ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɣ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɽɦɭ ɹɤ ɜɢ ɡɧɚɽɬɟ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȥȜȠȖȞțȎȒȤȭȠȖȗ ǽȓȠȞȖȘȳȐ
ɇȲɄ ȿȲȿ Ɉɛɝɠɬɨʀ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɩ ɫɩɢɭɛɨɮɝ ɬɨʀɞ ʀ ɬɭɮɡɛɝʀɦɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɧɣ ɝɟɝɩɰ ɢ ɟʀɟɩɧ ɪɩɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɬɛɟ ɚ ɦɹɜɦɹ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɢ ɟʀɟɩɧ Ƚʀɨ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɞɫɣɧɛɾ ɨɛ ɧɠɨɠ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɥɩɦɣ ɺ ɢɫɩɜɦɹ ɴɩɬɷ ɨɠ ɭɛɥ ɛ ɬɪɩɥʀɤɨɩ ɪɩɺɬɨɣɭɷ ɴɩ ɤ ɟɩ ɲɩɞɩ ɇɩɾɧɮ ɟʀɟɩɝʀ ɝɡɠ ɪʀɟ ɬʀɧɟɠɬɺɭ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɝɛ ɦɩɜ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɹɭɷ ɞɦɣɜɩɥʀ ɢɧɩɫɳɥɣ Ȼɦɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨʀ ɩɲʀ ɪɩ ɧɩɦɩɟɠɲɩɧɮ ɺɬɨʀ Ɋɫɣɥɫɣɭʀ ɢɝɠɫɰɮ ɥɮɴɮɝɛɭɣɧɣ ɞɮɬɭɣɧɣ ɜɫɩɝɛɧɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɣɪɫɩɧʀɨɹɹɭɷ ɦɛɞʀɟɨɠ ɭɠɪɦɩ Ȳ ɥɩɡ ɨɩɞɩ ɫɛɢɮ ɥɩɦɣ ɝʀɨ ɟɣɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɧɠɨɠ ɝ ɥɮɭɣɥɛɰ ɥɩɦɩ ɨɣɰ ɢɜɣɫɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩɧɠɨɣɬɭʀ ɢɧɩɫɳɥɣ ɇɣ ɢ ɟʀɟɩɧ ɮ ɬɛɟɮ ɬɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɩɞɦɺɨɮɦɣ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫɣ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɲɣ ɨɠ ɪɩɭɫʀɬɥɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɥɩɫɛ ɝʀɟ ɬɣɦɷɨɣɰ ɧɩɫɩɢʀɝ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɟʀɟ ɬɭɛɝ ɩɜɫʀɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɮɰɠ ɭɛ ɢɛɤɝɠ ɞʀɦɦɺ ɨɛ ɺɜɦɮɨɺɰ ɛ ɺ ɢɨɩɬɣɝ ɭɩɤ ɰɧɣɢ ɨɛ ɥɮɪɮ ɒɛɬ ɝʀɟ ɲɛɬɮ ɺ ɢɮɪɣɨɺɝɬɺ ɜʀɦɺ ɟʀɟɛ ɢɛɟɣɝɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɺɥ ɝʀɨ ɦɠɞɥɩ ʀ ɝɪɫɛɝ ɨɩ ɩɫɮɟɮɾ ɪɣɦɥɩɹ ɺɥ ɬɛɟɩɝɣɧ ɨɩɡɠɧ ɬɭɛɫɛɨɨɩ ɢɛɲɣɴɛɾ ɫɛɨɣ ɨɛ ɟɠɫɠɝɛɰ ɍɩɟʀ ɟʀɟ ɩɜɠɫɭɛɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɧɠɨɠ ɤ ɥɛɢɛɝ ³ Ɉɮ ɪɩɪɫɛɱɹɤ ɛ ɺ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɨɮ ɚ ɢɛɦɹɜɥɣ ɜɫɛɝ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɳɣɫɩɥɩʁ ɭɝɠɫɟɩʁ ɟɩɦɩɨʀ ɪɣɦɥɮ ɤ ɬɩɜʀ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɝ ɫʀɢɛɭɣ Ȼɦɠ ɟʀɟ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɝɛɝ ɛ ɪɣɦɷɨɩ ɪɫɣɞɦɺɟɛɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɧɩɾʁ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɤ ɥɩ ɦɣ ɨɠ ɥɩɦɣ ɪʀɟɪɫɛɝɦɺɝ ɧɠɨɠ ɇɠɨʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ³ ɧɩɡɠ ɴɠ ɤ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɢ ɨɠɜɛ ɪɩ ɝɠɬɨɺɨɩɧɮ ɪɫɣɺɢɨɩ ɪɫɣɞɫʀɝɛɦɩ ɬɩɨɱɠ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
393. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɉɟɬɪɢɤɨɜɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ Ɉɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɿ ɜɢ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɞɿʀ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɨʀ ɜɚɦ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ
§ 42.
ɇɚɝɨɥɨɫ ɭ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɯ
394. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɿɬɶ ɱɢ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫ ɭ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɯ ɧɚ ɬɨɦɭ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɫɤɥɚ ɞɿ ɳɨ ɣ ɭ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɜɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ
ȼɛɫɝ ɬɭɣɤ ³ ɜɛɫɝ ɬɭɩ ɫʀɳëɲɣɤ ³ ɫʀɳëɲɠ ɭpɧɨɣɤ ³ ɢɛɭpɧɨɛ ɟyɝɞɣɤ ³ ɨɛɟyɝɞɩ ɢëɬɭɫʀɲ ³ ɨɛɢëɬɭɫʀɲ ɫiɨɩɥ ³ ɬɪɩɢɛɫiɨɥɮ ɝpɲʀɫ ³ ɴɩɝpɲɩɫɛ Ƚɠɬpɦɣɤ ³ ɝpɬɠɦɩ ɭɩɨɥ ɤ ³ ɭyɨɥɩ ɞɦɣɜyɥɣɤ ³ ɞɦ ɜɩɥɩ ɝʀɥ ³ ɨɛɝtɥɣ yɲʀ ³ ɪɩɢiɩɲʀ ɨɛ ɜʀɥ ³ ɨiɜʀɥ ɨɛ ɬɧʀɰ ³ ɨiɬɧʀɰ
395. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɹɤ ɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ ɡɦɿɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫ ɭ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɯ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɯ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢ ɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɿɜ ɩ ɬɚ ɠ ȼɦɣɢɷɥ ɤ ³ ɜɦ ɢɷɥɩ ɝɮɢɷɥ ɤ ³ ɝëɢɷɥɩ ɞʀɫɥ ɤ ³ ɞtɫɥɩ ɟɢɝʀɨɥ ɤ ³ ɟɢɝtɨɥɩ ɧʀɱɨ ɤ ³ ɧtɱɨɩ ɱɮɪɥ ɤ ³ ɱëɪɥɩ ɝɣɬyɥɣɤ ³ ɝ ɬɩɥɩ ɧɩɝɲɛɢ ɨ ɤ ³ ɧɩɝɲiɢɨɩ ɲɛɫʀɝɨ ɤ ³ ɲɛɫtɝɨɩ ɞɛɫ ɲɣɤ ³ ɞiɫɺɲɠ ɰɩɫyɳɣɤ ³ ɰyɫɩɳɠ
396. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɭ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɲɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɯ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɿɜ
Ⱦɦɮɰ ɤ ³ ɨiɞɦɮɰɩ ɨɩɝ ɤ ³ ɨiɨɩɝɩ ɫtɢɨɣɤ ³ ɨiɫʀɢɨɩ ɲ ɬɭɣɤ ³ ɨiɲɣ ɬɭɩ ɬɝtɭɦɣɤ ³ ɢiɬɝʀɭɦɛ ɬɦʀɪ ɤ ³ ɢyɬɦʀɪɮ ɢɦɩ ³ ɢyɢɦɛ ɟɫʀɜ ³ ɝɫyɢɟɫʀɜ ɰɫɠɬɭ ³ ɨiɝɰɫɠɬɭ ɝpɲʀɫ ³ ɨiɟɝɠɲʀɫ ʀ ɨɛɟɝpɲʀɫ ɬɭɩɫɩɨi ³ yɬɭɩɫɩɨɷ ɨʀɲ ³ ɪyɨɩɲʀ ɥɩɦ ³ ɝʀɟɥyɦɣ
397. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɹɤ ɜɿɞ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫɭ ɡɦɿɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɡ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨ ɜɨɸ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɸ ɨʀ . Ɉʀɥyɦɣ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɛɜɩ ɨɠ ɜɮɟɠ ³ ɨtɥɩɦɣ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɲɛɬɮ Ɉʀɟp ɨʀ ɝ ɺɥɩ ɧɮ ɧʀɬɱʀ ³ ɨtɟɠ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɧʀɬɱɺ Ɉʀ ɥ ɡɩɟɨɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ³ ɨtɺɥ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɧɩɡ ɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ
Ɉɛɞɩɦɩɬ ɮ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛɰ ɨɠ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɬɛ ɧɩɧɮ ɬɥɦɛɟʀ ɴɩ ɤ ɮ ɭɝʀɫɨʀɤ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ Ɏ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛɰ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɣɰ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɬɮɯʀɥɬʀɝ ɩ ɠ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɬ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɪɠɫɠɬɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɟɣɨ ɬɥɦɛɟ ɟɩ ɪɩ ɲɛɭɥɮ ɬɦɩɝɛ
Ɉɛɞɩɦɩɬ ɮ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛɰ
Ɏ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɬ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬ Ɉɛɞɩɦɩɬ ɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɨʀ ɪɛɟɛɾ ɭɩɟʀ ɥɩɦɣ ʁʁ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɢɛɧʀɨɣɭɣ ɬɦɩɝɩɧ ɨɠɧɛɾ Ƚ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɛɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɨʀ ɨɠ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ 398. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɝɨɥɨɫ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɡ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɨɛ , ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɲɭɸɱɢ ʀɯ
Ȳ ɂ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɬɩɧ ɨɛ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬʀ ɨiɝɢɨɛɥ ɨiɝɬɭʀɡ ɨiɝʀɲ ɨiɝɰɫɠɬɭ ɨiɬɪʀɰ ɨiɬɧʀɰ ɨiɬɥɫʀɢɷ ɨiɲɣɬɭɩ ɨiɬɮɰɩ ɨiɞɦɮɰɩ ɨiɞɩɦɩ ɨiɲɩɫɨɩ ɨiɫʀɝɨɩ ɨiɨɩɝɩ
,, ɂ ɪɩɟɝʀɤɨɣɧ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɬɩɧ ɨiɫtɢɨɩ ɨiɫtɝɨʀ ɨiɝɪtɦ ɨiɟɝyɾ ɨiɭɫyɾ ɨiɝɬɥtɬ ɨɛɳɝɣɟɥëɫëɲ ,,, ɂ ɨɠɨɛɞɩɦɩɳɠɨɣɧ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬɩɧ ɨɛɟɝyɫʀ ɨɛɝɥyɦɩ ɨɛɬ ɦɮ ɨɛɢiɟ ɨɛɝ ɝɩɫʀɭ ɨɛɫpɳɭʀ ɨɛɝpɫɰ ɨɛɞyɦɩɝɮ ɨɛɬiɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɢyɝɨʀ ɨɛɟyɝɞɩ ɨɛɝɬɥiɲ ɨɛyɬɦʀɪ ɨɛɝɢɫ ɟ ɨɛɝɥɛɫiɲɥɣ ɨɛɝɬ ɟɺɲɥɣ ɨɛɝɳɪ ɨɷɥɛɰ ɨɛɝɠɬɨt ɨɛɞɩɫt ɨɛɪɠɫɠɟyɟɨʀ ɨɛɩɬɭiɨɥɮ ɨɛɲpɭɝɠɫɩ
399. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɝɨɥɨɫ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɡ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɚɦɢ ɢɛ , ɢɩ , ɪɩ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɲɭ ɸɱɢ ʀɯ
Ȳ ɂ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɬɩɧ ɨɛ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬʀ ɢiɨɩɝɩ ɢiɬɝʀɭɦɛ ɢiɧɩɦɩɟɮ ɢiɞɩɟɺ ɢyɝɬʀɧ ɢyɪɛ ɦɮ ɢyɬɦʀɪɮ ɢyɢɦɛ ɢyɥɩɦɛ ɪyɪɫɩɬɭɮ ɪyɜʀɲ ɪyɫɺɟ ɪyɪɦʀɲ ɪyɭɛɤ ɪyɨɩɲʀ ɪyɫʀɢɨɩ ɪyɬɪʀɦɷ
,, ɂ ɨɠɨɛɞɩɦɩɳɠɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬɛɧɣ ɢɛɭpɧɨɛ ɢɛɝ ɟɨɛ ɢɛɫiɨɨɺ ɢɛɥyɫɩɭɥɩ ɢɛ ɟyɝɞɩ ɢɛɩɟɨy ɢɛɦɹɜɥ ɪɩɭ ɰɮ ɪɩɧiɦɮ ɪɩɫiɨɮ ɪɩɪpɫɠɟɮ ɪɩɢiɟɮ ɪɩɜɦ ɢɮ ɪɩɩɟ ɨɱʀ ɝʀɟɟiɝɨɛ ɪɩ ɧyɾɧɮ
400. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɝɨɥɨɫ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɪɿɡɧɢɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɝɨ ɥɨɲɭɸɱɢ ʀɯ
Ȳ ɂ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɬɩɧ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɳɩɧɮ ɬɥɦɛɟʀ ɢɞiɫɺɲɮ ɢɟiɦɠɥɮ ɢɝ ɬɩɥɛ ɢɦpɞɥɛ ɢɝtɦɷ ɨɛ ɬɪɫyɬɭɛ yɬɭɩɫɩɨɷ ɜpɢɝʀɬɭɣ ɝɫyɢɟɫʀɜ ɪtɟɭɹɪɱɠɧ ɰyɫɩɳɠ ɜyɦɺɲɠ
,, ɂ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɬɩɧ ɨɛ ɟɫɮɞɩɧɮ ɤ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɰ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɰ ɟɩɪtɢɨɛ ɟɩɬɰɩɲë ɬɪɩ ɞyɫɟɛ ɬɮɭëɡɨɩ ɪɫɛɝyɫɮɲ ɦʀɝyɫɮɲ ɩɪtɝɨɩɲʀ ɪɦʀɲ y ɪɦʀɲ ɝʀɲ ɨi ɝʀɲ ɝɬɷɩ ɞɩ ɨiɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɫɛɢ ɪy ɫɛɢ
,,, ɂ ɪɩɟɝʀɤɨɣɧ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɬɩɧ ɨiɟɝpɲʀɫ ɟyɲ ɬɭɛ ɟyɞyɦɛ ɬɪyɝɨi ɝɩɟɨyɲiɬ ɜɩɬyɨtɡ ɞɩɫtɦ ɱɷ ɟɩɦtɦ ɱɷ ɞɩɦtɫëɲ ɩɜtɫëɲ ɞiɫɺɲp ɜiɤɟëɡɠ ɬɦtɟyɧ ɳɥyɟi ɢiɝɡɟ ɪɫ ɭɷɧi ɪɫ ɭɷɧyɧ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
401. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɝɨɥɨɫ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɲɭɸɱɢ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ Ɋɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɨiɬɥɫʀɢɷ ɬɮɰɠ ɨɠ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɦɛ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɫɩɬɛ ɨɛ ɬɝʀɭɛɨɥɮ ȿɠɫpɝɛ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɩɜtɫɮɲ ɞɩɦʀ ɛɦɠ ɝɡɠ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɴɩ ʁɧ ɰɩɲɠɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɢɠɦɠɨʀ ɭɣ ȿɩɝɥɫɮɞ ³ ɩɥɠɛɨ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ ɴɩ ɪɛɰɨɮɭɷ ɝʀɲɨʀɬɭɹ ȿɩɪtɢɨɛ ɭɩɞɩ ɝɠɲɩɫɛ ɡpɝɫʀɦɩ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ɬɛɧɩɭɨɾ ɝɩɞɨɣɴɠ ɉɪtɝɨɩɲʀ ɢʀɫɝɛɝɬɺ ɝʀɭɠɫ Ɋɩɪpɫɠɟɮ ɢ ɢɛ ɞɩɫɣ ɝɬɭɛɝɛɦɛ ɬɣɨɺ ɰɧɛɫɛ Ƚʀɟɲɮɝɳɣ ɴɩ ɢɧɩɫɣɝɬɺ ȿɩ ɫɩɳɠɨɥɩ ɪɫɣɦʀɞ ɝɣɪɫɩɬɭɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɭɫɛɝʀ ɞɩɫtɦɣɱɷ ɂ ɭɝ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫɛ
402. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɝɨɥɨɫ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɲɭɸɱɢ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɡ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɨʀ ȼɢɛɿɪ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫɭ ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɭɣɬɟ ³ ɍɛ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɧɠɨʀ ɬɣɟʀɭɣ ³ ɩɟɝʀɭɮɾ ȼɟɡɩɦɛ Ɇ Ⱦɦʀɜɩɝ ɐɛɤ ɨʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɨʀɟɠ ɨɠ ɢɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɬɠ ɴɩ ɮ ɬɨɛɰ ɢɛɲɛɫɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɬɨɣɭɷɬɺ Ɋ Ⱦɫɛɜɩɝ ɬɷɥɣɤ Ɉɛ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɬɛɟɣɜʀ ɨʀɟɠ ɟɫɮɞɮ ɰɛɭɮ ɬɭɛɝɣɭɣ Ȼ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɥɩ ɇʀɤ ɥɫɛɹ ɢɩɫɺɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɭɠɜɠ ɨɠ ɨɛɟɣɝɦɹɬɺ ɺ ɨʀɺɥ Ƚ Ɍɩɬɹɫɛ Ƚɣɪɛɝ ɬɨʀɞ ɬɦʀɟɮ ɨʀɺɥ ɬɰɩɝɛɭɣ ɇ ɓɠɫɠɧɠɭ
ȱ ɇɚɜɱɿɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɪɚɡɧɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɢ ɬɟɤɫɬ Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫɢ ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɭ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɯ
Ɋɫɣɦʀɭɛɹɭɷ ɬɩɦɩɝ·ʁ ɨɠ ɝɬʀ ɩɟɫɛɢɮ ɨɛɪɫyɝɠɬ ɨʀ ɟɠɬɷ ɨɛɟɝpɲʀɫ ɲɮɾɧɩ ɪɫɩɜɮɹɭɷ ɝ ɞɮɴiɝɣɨʀ ɞɩɦɩɬɣ ɦɣɳ ɪɩɩɟɣɨɩɥʀ ɬɩɦʀɬɭɣ ɑɠ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɣɦɠɭʀɝ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫ ɛ ʁʁ ɴɠ ɨɠɧɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɢ·ɺɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɚɥ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨʀɤ ɦɣɱɛɫ ʀ ɞɦɛɝɛ ɬʀɧ·ʁ ɝʀɨ ɩɞɦɺɨɠ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ³ ɜɛɦɥɮ ɝɠɫɜɣ ³ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɝ ɳɣɬɷ ɴɩ ɝɬɠ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɾ ɞɨʀɢɟɠɲɥɩ ɢɛɰɩ ɝɛɝɳɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɧʀɡ ɝʀɭɭɺɧ ɭɛɥ ɴɩɜ ɨʀɺɥɣɤ ɳɮɦʀ ɥɛ ɨɠ ɪɩɧʀɭɣɝ ɛ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɝɡɠ ɢɝɩɦɣɭɷ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɣ ɤ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɛɨʀ ɬɩɦɩɝ·ʁɰɛ ɲɣ ɧɩɦɩɟɠɨɷɥɛ ɬɩɦɩɝɠɤ ɥɩɝɛ ɨɛɫɠɲɠɨɛ Ƚɠɫɜɛ ɢ ɝʀɭɭɺɧ ³ ɭɩ ʁɰɨɺ ɪɦɛɨɠ ɭɛ ɍɛɧ ɪɛɨɮɹɭɷ ʁɰɨʀ ɬɪʀɝɣ ɤ ɦɹɜɩɝ Ɍɪɠɫɳɮ ɟɩɦɣɨɛɾ ɢɝʀɟɭɣ ɞɩɦɩɬɩɥ ɧɩɝɜɣ ɨɠɬɧʀɦɣɤ ɢɫɩ ɜɣɭɷ ɨɩɝɛɲɩɥ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɝɣɭɷɩɰɥʀɝ ʀ ɪɫɣɬɦɮɰɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɛɨɮ ɡ ɺɥ ɝɩɨɩ ɝɣɤɳɦɩ" Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɲɣɲɣɫɥɨɠ ³ ɨʀɜɣ ɞɩɫ ɦɠɲɥɩ ɪɫɩɲɣɴɛɾ ɍɩɟʀ ɝɫɛɢ ɢɛɦɦɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɦɷ ɨɩ ɞɩɦɩɬɣɬɭɩ ɛ ɝɠɲɩɫɣ ɝɬɠ ɭɠɪɦʀɳʀ ³ ɲɩɞɩ ɡ ɨɠ ɬɪʀɝɛɭɣ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ
ȱȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɉɨ ɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ
Ɉɛɞɩɦɩɬ ɮ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛɰ
404. ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɭ ɭɪɢɜɤɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɧɚɣɜɚɠ ɥɢɜɿɲɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɢ ɡɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫɢ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɡɚɩɚɦ¶ɹ ɬɚɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɓɨ ɜɢ ɡɧɚɽɬɟ ɩɪɨ ɦɨɝɢɥɭ Ɍ ɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɚ" ɑɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɜɢ ɬɚɦ"
ȼɮɦɛ ɨɠɟʀɦɺ Ɉɠɝɠɦɣɲɥɣɤ ɬɭɛɫɣɤ ɪɛɫɩɪɦɛɝ ɨɛ ɺɥɣɤ Ɇɠɬɺ ɬʀɦɛ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɢɫɛɨɥɮ ɪɫɣɜɮɝ ɟɩ Ʌɛɨɠɝɛ ɨɛɟɝɠɲʀɫ Ɋɛɬɛɡɣɫʀɝ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɣɦɣ ɴɩ ɢɮɪɣɨɥɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɭɣɧɠ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɞɩɟɣɨ ɜɩ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɴɩɬɷ ɭɛɧ ɪɩɦiɞɩɟɣɭɣ Ɇɠɬɺ ɺɥɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɧʀɫ ɪɠɫɠɨɩɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɝ Ʌɛɨɠɝʀ ʀ ʁɰɛɭɣ ɟɛɦʀ ʀɨɳɣɧ ɪɛɫɩɪɦɛɝɩɧ ɝɠɦɷɧɣ ɢɫɛɟʀɦɛ ɱʀɤ ɨɛɞɩɟʀ Ɋʀɟɨʀɧɛɭɣɬɺ ɥɫɮɭɣɧɣ ɬɰɩɟɛɧɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɛɡɥɩ ʀ ɲɛɬ ɩɟ ɲiɬɮ ɝɩɨɛ ɢɮɪɣɨɺɦɛ ɬɺ ɩɞɦɺɟɛɦɛɬɷ ɨɛɝɥyɦɩ ɉɨ ɩɨ ɮɡɠ ɤ ɧɩɞɣɦɛ ʀ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɰɫɠɬɭ ɝɣɟɨʀɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɭɦʀ ɞɩɦɮɜɩɞɩ ɢɦpɞɥɛ ɢɛɰɧɛɫɠɨɩɞɩ ɨɠɜɛ ɓɝɣɟɳɠ ɳɝɣɟɳɠ ɔɩɬɷ ɨʀɜɣ ɭɺɞɦɩ ɭɮɟɣ ɪɫɣɝɠɫɭɛɦɩ ɪɩɞɦɺɟ ɢɧɮɳɮɝɛɦɩ ɬɰɝɣɦɷɩɝɛɨɩ ɜɣɭɣɬɷ ɬɠɫɱɠ Ȳ ɝɩɨɩ ɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɭɛɥɣ ɫɩɢɰɩɟ ɦɩɬɷ ɢɟɛɝɛɦɩɬɷ ɩɭ ɩɭ ɝɣɫɝɠɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɞɫɮɟɠɤ ɍɩɟʀ Ɇɠɬɺ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɛ ɧɣɦɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɬɠɦɩɧ ɴɩ ɜʀɦʀɦɩ ɝ ɢɠɦɠɨʀ ɬɛɟɥʀɝ ɭɛ ɟʀɜɫɩɝ ´Ɏɜɩɞʀʁ ɬɠɦɛ ɬɮɧɨʀ ɨɠɝɠɬɠɦʀ µ ³ ɢɞɛɟɛɦɩɬɺ Ɍɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɢɟɛɦɠɥɮ ɨʀɜɣ ɤ ɨʀ ɲɩɞɩ ɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɡ ɢɨɛɾ ɴɩ ɢɛ ɭɣɧɣ ɬɛɟɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɜʀɦɠɨɷɥɣɧɣ ɬɭʀɨɛɧɣ ³ ɞɩɫɠ ɤ ɨɮɡɟɛ ɨɠɫɩɢɫɛɟɨʀʁ ɚɥ ʀ ɥɩɦɣɬɷ ɢɛ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɍɛɫɛɬɩɝɩɞɩ« ɇ ɉɦʀɤɨɣɥ
ɇɩɞɣɦɛ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɛ ɒɠɫɨɠɲɛ ɞɩɫɛ ɧ Ʌɛɨʀɝ
405. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɉɛɦʀɝɩ ɤ ɨɛɪɫɛɝɩ ɮɬʀɧ ɪʀɟɫɺɟ ɜɠɢ ɫɩɢɜɩɫɮ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ʀ ɝɪɩɪɠɫɠɥ ɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɛɰ ɨʀɟɠ ɤ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɝɣɥɦɹɲɠɨɩ ɨʀɟɠ ɪɫɛɝɟɣ ɟʀɝɛɭɣ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ɥɛɡɮ ɲɣ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɨʀ ɢɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɩɜɬɭɛɝɣɨ ʀ ɝɞɩɫɮ ɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɧɛɭɣ ɝʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɨʀɥɮɟɣ ɨɠ ɞɩɟɣɭɷɬɺ ɴɩɬɷ ɪɩɞɛɨɠ ɪɛɦɷɱɠɧ ɨʀɥɮɟɣ ɭɥɨɮɭɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɭʀɬɨɩ ɮɬɠ ɥɣɪɣɭɷ ɝɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɢɨɠɫɝɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɩɜɮ ɫɠɨɣɤ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
§ 43.
Ɋɨɡɪɹɞɢ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ
406. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ɣ ɫɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɧɚ ɹɤɿ ɪɨɡɪɹɞɢ ɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɧɚ ɹɤɿ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɤɨɠɟɧ ɪɨɡɪɹɞ ɋɩɢɫɺɟ ɢɛ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ
Ɉɛ ɺɥʀ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ
Ɋɫɣɥɦɛɟɣ
Ɍɪɩɬɩɜɮ ɟʀʁ
ɺɥ" ɺɥɣɧ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɧ"
ɭɛɥ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɝɠɫɰɣ ɢɨɠɰɩɭɺ ɧɣɧɩɰʀɟɷ
ɇʀɫɣ ʀ ɬɭɮɪɠɨɺ
ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ" ɨɛɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ" ɝ ɺɥʀɤ ɧʀɫʀ"
ɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɮɟɝʀɲʀ ɲɛɬɭɥɩɝɩ ɱʀɦɥɩɧ
ɇʀɬɱɺ
ɟɠ" ɥɮɟɣ" ɢɝʀɟɥɣ" ɺɥɣɧ ɳɦɺɰɩɧ"
ɭɮɭ ɭɮɟɣ ɝɟɩɧɛ ɝɞɩɫɮ ɢɟɛɦɠɥɛ ɧɛɨʀɝɱɺɧɣ
ɒɛɬɮ
ɥɩɦɣ" ɟɩɥɣ" ɝʀɟɥɩɦɣ" ɺɥ ɟɩɝɞɩ"
ɭɩɟʀ ɟɩɭɣ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɨɛ ɬɪɩɥɩɨɝʀɥɮ
Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɣ
ɲɩɧɮ" ɢ ɺɥɩʁ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ"
ɭɩɧɮ ɬɪɠɫɠɬɠɫɟɺ ɢɞɛɫɺɲɮ
ɇɠɭɣ
ɨɛɝʀɴɩ" ɢ ɺɥɩɹ ɧɠɭɩɹ"
ɨɛɝɧɣɬɨɠ ɨɛɪɠɫɠɥʀɫ
407. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɪɨɡɪɹɞ ɡɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ
Ƚɬɹɟɣ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɛ ɝɟɩɧɛ ɨɛɤɥɫɛɴɠ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɨɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɩ ɬɝʀɭɣɭɷ Ƚɢɣɧɥɮ ɦʀɭɛ ɨɠ ɟɩɡɠɨɠɳ Ʌɫɛɴɠ ɪʀɢɨɩ ɨʀɡ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ȿɩɜɫɠ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɛ ɦɣɰɠ ɴɠ ɟɩɝɳɠ ɇɠɨɳɠ ɞɩɝɩɫɣ ³ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɝɲɮɾɳ Ɋʀɳɩɝ ɨɛɝɪɫɩɬɭɠɱɷ ɨɠ ɬɥɩɫɩ ɝɠɫɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɇʀɡ ɝɩɫɩɨɛɧɣ ɤ ɬɩɫɩɥɛ ɪɩ ɝɩɫɩɨɺɲɣ ɥɫɺɲɠ ɐɩɲ ɨɠ ɫɛɨɩ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɭɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɮɭɺɦɣ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɡɚ ɪɨɡɪɹɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɞɿʀ ɦɿɪɢ ɿ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɱɚɫɭ
ȿɩɭɦɛ ɢɝʀɟɮɬʀɦɷ ɟɠ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɝɫɛɨɱʀ ɢɦʀɝɛ ɝɢɛɾɧɨɩ ɟɠ ɨɠ ɟɠ ɟɩɪʀɢɨɛ ɦɠɟɝɠ ɮɟɩɬɝʀɭɛ ɬɧʀɦɩ ɞɦɮɰɩ ɰɭɩɢɨɛ ɥɮɟɣ ɢɨɛɟɝɩɫɮ ɨɣɨʀ ɨʀɥɮɟɣ ɜɠɢɝʀɬɭɣ ɢɝɠɫɰɮ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɥɿɜ ɉ Ɍɢɱɢɧɢ 409. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛµ. Ɋɦɣɝɦɣ ɧɣ ɝɝɠɲɠɫʀ ɦɣɧɛɨɩɧ ɇɩɭɩɫɲɣɥ ɲɛɰɥɛɝ ɬɪɫɩɥɝɩɦɛ ɇɠɨʀ ɬɷɩ ɞɩɟɨʀ ɬɨɣɝɬɺ ɮɨɩɲʀ ɯɫɠɞɛɭ ɴɩ ɢɛɲɠɪɣɝɬɺ ɢɛ ɥɩɫɲʀ ȿɠɬɷ ɥɛɡɮɭɷ ɾ ɞɩɫɛ ɟɠ ɨɠ ɬɪʀɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɭɣɱʀ Ɉɛɝɳɪɣɨɷɥɣ ɝɣɞɦɺɟɛɹɭɷ ɡɩɫɡɣɨɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɭɣɨ ɚ ɱʀ ɦɣɤ ɟɠɨɷ ɢ ɦʀɬɛɧɣ ɨɛɩɟɣɨɱʀ ɚɥ ɭɺɡɥɩ ɡɣɭɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɬɝʀɭ ɳɛɦʀɾ Ƚ ɧɠɨʀ ɴɩɟɨɺ ɝɜɣɝɛɹɭɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɂ ɭɝ Ɇ Ʌɩɬɭɠɨɥɩ
ɋɩɢɫɺɟɣ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ
410. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸ ɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛµ Ƚɟɩɧɛ ʀ ɬɭʀɨɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɹɭɷ Ɏɟɝɩɰ ɥɛɡɮɭɷ ɦɹɟɣ ɦɠɞɳɠ ɪɦɛɥɛɭɣ ɨɛɲɠ ȿɠ ɟɫɮɡɨɩ ɭɛɧ ʀ ɰɦʀɜɨɩ Ɋɫɣ ɫɩɜɩɭʀ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɲɛɬ ɧɣɨɛɾ ɂ ɝɩɝ ɥɛɧɣ ɡɣɭɣ ³ ɪɩ ɝɩɝɲɩɧɮ ɝɣɭɣ ɐɝɛɦɺɭɷ ɨɩɝɠ ɛ ɫɩɜɦɺɭɷ ɪɩ ɬɭɛɫɩɧɮ Ƚɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɬɪɠɥɣ ɰɩɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɛ ɝɨɩɲʀ ɝʀɟ ɥɩɧɛɫʀɝ
411. Ⱦɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɨɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɢ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞ ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɪɨɡɪɹɞ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɭ
ȼɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɧɣɧɩɝɩɦʀ ɨɛɪɠɫɠɥʀɫ ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɟɩɝɩɦʀ Ɍɣɨɩɨʀɧɣ ɝɟɩɬɭɛɦɷ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɪɩɝɛɞɩɧ ɪɩɝɩɦʀ ɪɩɧɛɦɮ ɰɩɲ ɨɠ ɰɩɲ ɝɬɮ ɪɠɫɠɲ ɟɩɬɰɩɲɮ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɧɣɧɩɰʀɭɷ ɧɦɺɝɩ ɨɠɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɨɠɬɛɧɩɰʀɭɷ ɨɣɨʀ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɿɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɫɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɪɨɡɪɹɞ ɡɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ
³ Ɋɩɝɠɲɠɫɺɾɧ ʀ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɦɺɡɠɧɩ ɬɪɛɭɣ ³ ɥɛɡɮɭɷ ɜɛɜɮɬɺ ɞɩɭɮɹɲɣ ʁɡɮ ³ ɂɛɝɭɫɛ ɝ ɨɛɬ ɜɮɟɠ ɝɛɡɥɣɤ ɟɠɨɷ ³ ɪɩɲɨɠɧɩ ɡɣɭɩ ɡɛɭɣ ɚ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɹ ɴɩ ɡɨɣɝɛ ³ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɷɨʀɳɛ ɪɩɫɛ ɫɩɥɮ ɝ ɰɦʀɜɩɫɩɜʀɝ ɚɥ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɭɷ ɥɩɬɣɭɣ ɢɠɫɨɩɝʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɮɬʀ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɬɪɫɛ ɝɣ ɍɫɠɜɛ ɝɲɛɬɨɩ ʀ ɺɥɨɛɤɳɝɣɟɳɠ ɢʀɜɫɛɭɣ ɝɣɫɩɴɠɨɣɤ ɰɦʀɜ ɉɟɣɨ ɡɨɣɝ·ɺɨɣɤ ɟɠɨɷ ɧɩɝɣɭɷ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɠ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝ·ɺ ɫʀɥ ɞɩɟɮɾ ȿɩɥɣ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝɠɲɠɫɺ ɺ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝɣɤɨɺɝ ʀɢ ɢɛɟɝʀɫɥɛ ɬɠɫɪɛ Ƚʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɪɠɫɠɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɤ ɥɦɛɪɭɠɧ ɦɦɺɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɩɭɨɛ ɑɠ ɟɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɨɠ ɪɩʀɫɡɛɝʀɝ ɢɛ ɢɣɧɮ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɟʀɬɭɛɝ ʀɢ ɪʀɟ ɬɭɫʀɰɣ ɱɮɫɥɮ ³ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɲɥɮ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨɮ ɪɛɦɣɲɥɮ ɞɩ ɬɭɫɩ ɢɛɬɭɫɮɞɛɨɮ ɢ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɜɩɥɮ Ɉɠɹ ɜɛɜɮɬɺ ɜɮɟɮɭɷ ɬɥɫɮɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɠɬɦɛ ɨɛ ɬɨɩɪɛɰ Ɍɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛɥɫɮɭɣɦɣ ʁɰ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɝɣɬɭɛɲɣɭɷ ɮɬɠ ɢɜʀɡɡɺ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛ ɭɣ ɝ ɥɩɪɣ Ƚ Ɍɥɮɫɛɭʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ
ȱȱ ɉɟɪɟɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɫɜɨʀɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ Ⱦɨɩɨɜɧɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɫɩɨɝɚɞɚɦɢ ɞɿɞɭɫɿɜ ɿ ɛɚɛɭɫɶ ɹɤ ɤɨɥɢɫɶ ɡɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɜɪɨɠɚɣ ɉɟɪɟɤɚɡ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
413. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɩɿɫɧɸ ɉɪɨ ɳɨ ɜ ɧɿɣ ɿɞɟɬɶɫɹ" Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɿɣ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɪɨɡɪɹɞ
Ƚɣɤɳɦɣ ɝ ɪɩɦɠ ɥɩɬɛɫʀ Ʌɩɬɣɭɷ ɫɛɨɥɩɧ ɨɛ ɢɩɫʀ ɀɤ ɨɮɭɠ ɥɩɬɛɫʀ ɜɩ ɨɠɫɛɨɩ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɐɩɲ ɨɠɫɛɨɩ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɭɛɥ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɮɭɺɦɣ ȿɩ ɩɜʀɟɛ ɪɩɥɩɬɣɦɣ Ⱦɩɬɭɫʀ ɥɩɬɣ ɪɫɣɭɮɪɣɦɣ Ɋɩ ɩɜʀɟʀ ɬɪɩɲɣɝɛɦɣ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɥɩɬɣ ɪɩɥɦɠɪɛɦɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɉɪɩɦɮɟɨʀ ɞɫɠɜɦɣ ɬʀɨɩ Ȳ ɝ ɝɛɦɩɲɥɣ ɥɦɛɦɣ ɴʀɦɷɨɩ Ȼ ɝɝɠɲɠɫʀ ɰɩɦɩɟɥɩɧ Ʌɦɛɦɣ ɝ ɥɩɪɣɱʀ ɫɺɟɥɩɧ ɂɛɝɭɫɛ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɫɛɨɩ ɝɬɭɛɭɣ Ɏ ɬɭʀɡɠɲɥɣ ɪɩɬɥɦɛɟɛɭɣ ɚɥ ɬɭʀɡɠɲɥɣ ɪɩɥʀɨɲɛɾɧ Ɋɩ ɥɩɢɛɱɷɥɣ ɪɩɞɮɦɺɾɧ
414. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɂɝ·ɺɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɩɥɮɪɣ ɟɮɧɥɣ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɭɣɬɺ ɢɨɛɤɭɣ ɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɤ ɢɝ·ɺɢɩɥ ɮ ɟɮɧ ɥɛɰ ɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɟɩɝɥɩɦɛ ɨɠ ɟɩɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɟɩ ɬɮɭʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ʀɭɣ ɨɛɪɫɩɦɩɧ ɟʀɺɭɣ ɫʀ ɳɮɲɠ ɭɝɠɫɟɩ ɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɨɛ ɨɩɞɛɰ ɧʀɱɨɩ ɭɫɣɧɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɪɠɝɨɠɨɩ ɪɩɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɪʀɭɣ ɝɞɩɫɮ ɟɩɧɩɞɭɣɬɺ ɝɣɴɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɛ ɟɠɳɠɝɳɠ ɝʀɟ ɟʀɫɥɣ ɢ ɜɮɜɦɣɥɛ ɟɮɡɠ ɟɠɳɠɝɩ ɥɩɬɩ ʀ ɥɫɣɝɩ ɺɥ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ
§ 44.
ɉɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɿɜ ɩ ɠ
415. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɹɤ ɬɜɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɿɜ ɩ, ɠ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɞɜɨɽɧɧɹ ɨɨ ɭ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɯ Ɍɭɛɫɛɨɨɣɤ ³ ɬɭɛɫɛɨɨɩ ɢɛɥɩɨɨɣɤ ³ ɢɛɥɩɨɨɩ ɜɠɢɪɫɣɲɣɨɨɣɤ ³ ɜɠɢ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɨɩ Ɉɠɩɪɣɬɛɨɨɣɤ ³ ɨɠɩɪɣɬɛɨɨɩ ɨɠɬɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɣɤ ³ ɨɠɬɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɩ ɩɞɨɠɨɨɣɤ ³ ɩɞɨɠɨɨɩ Ɉɠɡɟɛɨɣɤ ³ ɨɠɡɟɛɨɩ ɬɥɛɡɠɨɣɤ ³ ɬɥɛɡɠɨɩ ɳɛ ɦɠɨɣɤ ³ ɳɛɦɠɨɩ ɋɛɟʀɬɨɣɤ ³ ɫɛɟʀɬɨɩ ɞɛɫɺɲɣɤ ³ ɞɛɫɺɲɠ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɬɮɯʀɥɬʀɝ ɩ ɠ ɩ ɠ
416. ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɹɤ ɬɜɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɿ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɍ ɹɤɢɯ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɩɪɢ ɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɯ ɭ ɜɢɳɨɦɭ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɿ ɩɢɲɟɦɨ ɛɭɤɜɭ ɴ ɚ ɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɫɟɦɢ ² ɛɭɤɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɧɹ ɡɲ " Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɿɜ ɩɨɪɿɜ ɧɹɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɩ, ɠ. Ɍɭɫɮɨɥʀɳɣɤ ³ ɬɭɫɮɨɥʀɳɠ ɥɩɫɩɭɳɣɤ ³ ɥɩɫɩɭɳɠ ɞɦɣɜɳɣɤ ³ ɞɦɣɜɳɠ Ƚɣɴɣɤ ³ ɝɣɴɠ ɭɩɝɴɣɤ ³ ɭɩɝɴɠ ɥɫɛɴɣɤ ³ ɥɫɛɴɠ Ƚɛɡɲɣɤ ³ ɝɛɡ ɲɠ ɭɺɡɲɣɤ ³ ɭɺɡɲɠ ɜɦɣɡɲɣɤ ³ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ɨɣɡɲɣɤ ³ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɝɮɡɲɣɤ ³ ɝɮɡ ɲɠ ɟɮɡɲɣɤ ³ ɟɮɡɲɠ ɟɩɫɩɡɲɣɤ ³ ɟɩɫɩɡɲɠ ȿɩɝɳɣɤ ³ ɟɩɝɳɠ ɦɠɞɳɣɤ ³ ɦɠɞɳɠ ȼʀɦɷɳɣɤ ³ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɧɠɨɳɣɤ ³ ɧɠɨɳɠ Ɉɛɤɭɣɰʀɳɠ ɨɛɤɥɫɛɴɠ ɨɛɤɜɦɣɡɲɠ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ
417. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɣ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɹɤ ɪɨɡɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɠ ɣ ɨɞɧɨɡɜɭɱɧɿ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɭ Ɂ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɦɨɜɢ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɨɽɞ ɧɭɸɬɶɫɹ" Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɺɥ"
Ɋɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ɺɥɠ"
ɟɩɜɫɠ ɪɩɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɝ ɪɩɬɧʀɰɨɮɝɬɺ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɲɠ ɞiɫɺɲɠ ɝʀɭɛɾɧɩ
ɟɩɜɫɠ ɬɦɩɝɩ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɲɠ ɢɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɞɛɫɺ ɲɠ ɦʀɭɩ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɬɮ ɯʀɥɬʀɝ ɩ ɠ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɱɣɰ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ Ɍɭɮɪɠɨʀ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɭɝɩɫɺɭɷ ɭɛɥ ɬɛɧɩ ɺɥ ʀ ɬɭɮ ɪɠɨʀ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɪɫɣ ɟɩɟɛɝɛɨɨʀ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɛ ɳ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɣ ɥ ɩɥ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɾɭɷ ɬɺ ɢɝɮɥɩɬɪɩɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ [ɳɲ] ɨɛ ɪɣɬɷɧʀ ɴ ɮ ɬɠɧɣ ³ ɢɝɮɥɩɬɪɩɦɮɲɠɨ ɨɺ [ɡɲ] ɭɩɴɩ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɺɥ" ʀ ɬɭɩɬɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɟʀɾ ɬɦʀɝ ɩɟɨɩɢɝɮɲɨʀ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɣ ³ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɺɥɠ" ʀ ɬɭɩɬɮɹɭɷɬɺ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ 418. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɩ ɠ ɿ ɩɨ ɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫ
ɇɩɝ ɢɛɲɛɫɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɬɭɩɹ ɬɰɝɣɦɷɩɝɛɨɩ ɟɣɝɦɹɬɺ ɥɫɛɬɮ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɪʀɢɨɛɹ ɝ ʁʁ ɩɟɝʀɲɨʀɧ ɫɮɬʀ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ Ƚʀɭɠɫ ɩɬɠɨʀ ɳɛɦɠɨɩ ɡɩɝɭɣɤ ɦɣɬɭ ɨɠɬɠ ɮɝɣɬɷ Ƚ Ɍɩɬɹɫɛ ɉɟɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɩ ʀ ɬɩɨɨɩ ɰɦɹɪɛɾ ɝɩɟɛ ɝ ɪɩɦɩɞʀ ɜɠɫɠɞɣ ȿ ɍɥɛɲ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɬɭɩɺɦɩ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɠɜɛ ʀ ɬɭɫɛɳɠɨɨɩ ɪɠɥɦɩ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ɋɫɣ ɬɭɮɪɣɦɛ ɺ ɟɩ ɥɝʀɭʀɝ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ɝɬʀ ɦɠɦʀʁ ɫɛɪɭɩɧ ɢɛɭɫɠɧɭʀɦɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɰɣɦɣɭɣɬɷ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɭɛ ɤ ɪɩɡɩɝɥɦɣ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ ɉɬɷ ɮɡɠ ɪʀɳɦɣ ɰɦʀɜɛ ɝ ɬɭɫʀɦɥɮ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɝɣɴɠ ɤ ɝɣɴɠ ɉ ȿɩɨɲɠɨɥɩ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
419. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɞɟ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɚ ɞɟ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ Ɉɛɤɥɫɛɴɠ ɝ ɫɩɜɩɭʀ ɬɦɩɝɩ ´Ⱦɩɭɩɝɩ µ Ʌɩɡɨɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɛ ɦɠɞɥɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɩɰɩɲɠ ʁʁ ɫɩɜɣɳ ȿɩɜɫɠ ɝɬɠ ɝɧʀɭɣ ɭɛ ɨɠ ɝɬɠ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ Ƚɬɠ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɴɩ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɥʀɨɲɛ ɾɭɷɬɺ Ɇɠɞɳɠ ɢʀɪɬɮɝɛɭɣ ɺɥ ɨɛɪɫɛɝɣɭɣ Ɇʀɪɳɠ ɬɭɛɫɠ ɜɦɹɟɩ ɪɩɝɨɠ ɨʀɡ ɨɩɝɠ ɪɩɫɩɡɨɾ Ɇʀɪɳɠ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɺɥ ɥɮɦɛɥɛɧɣ
420. Ⱦɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɨɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɢ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞ Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫ ɨɨ ɬɚ ɨ ȼɠɢɧɠɡɨɩ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɫɝɨɩ ɟɜɛɤɦɣɝɩ ɢɝɣɝɣɬɭɩ ɢɨɠɨɛɱɷɥɛ ɢɨʀɺɥɩɝʀɦɩ ɨɠ ɝɧɩɦɣɧɩ ɨɠɬɛɧɩɝɣɭɩ ɲɠɬɨɩ Ɍɣɨɩɨʀɧɣ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɬɭɛɨɨɩ ɜɠɢɮɪɣɨɨɩ ɨɠɝɜɦɛɞɛɨɨɩ ɨɠɝɪɣɨɨɩ ɨɠɬɥʀɨ ɲɠɨɨɩ ɨɠɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɩ ɪɩɥɫɮɲɠɨɩ ɫɩɢɞɮɜɦɠɨɩ ɬɥɛɡɠɨɩ ɬɪɛɨɭɠɦɣɲɠɨɩ ɬɭɛ ɫɛɨɨɩ ɬɮɧɦʀɨɨɩ ɳɛɦɠɨɩ
421. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɉɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɠɤɚɯ ɡɚɦɿɧɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɉɨ ɞɜɨɽɧɿ ɨɨ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɒɮɭɣ ɳɮɧ ɢɦɣɝɣ ɴɩ ɨɠɝɜɦɛɞɛɨɨɣɤ ɨɛɬɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɦɩɜɩɟɮ Ȼ ɓɣɺɨ Ƚɠɲɩɫɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɝɨʀ ɨɠɬɥɛɢɛɨɨɣɤ ɦɛɞʀɟɨɩʁ ɪɫɣɝɛɜɦɣɝɩʁ ɥɫɛɬɣ Ɉʀɡɨɣɤ ɟɩɴ ɫɩɬɣɝ ɜɠɢɨɛɬɭɛɨɨɣɤ Ɉɠɜɩ ɨɠɩɪɣɬɛɨɨɩʁ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɣ ɢɛɧɣɥɛɦɩ ɜɠɢɞɩɧʀɨ ɨɣɤ ɧɩɝɲɛɢɦɣɝɮ ɪɩɫɩɡɨɹ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɮ ɍʀɥ ɜɮɝ ɲɣɬɭɩ ʀ ɬɭɛɫɛɨɨɣɤ ɝɣɧɠɭɠɨɣɤ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɩ ɢɟɝɣɞɨɮɝ ɪɦɠɲɣɧɛ ɤ ɮɬɧʀɰɨɮɝɬɺ ɪɫɣɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɂ ɭɝ ɉ Ʌɩɜɣɦɺɨ ɬɷɥɩʁ Ɍɦɩɝɛ ɟɩɬɭɣɞɦɩʁ ɢɧɮɡɨʀɦɩʁ ɟɮɳʀ ɪɩɲɮɝ ɨɠɡɟɛɨɣɤ ɝʀɨ ɇ ȼɛɡɛɨ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡɿ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɦ ɨ ɡɿ ɜɫɬɚɜ ɥɟɧɢɦɢ ɨɨ Ɋɫɣɰɩɝɛ ɩ ʀɬɭɣ ɩ ɝʀɟɟɛ ɩ ɮɟɛɝɛ ɩ ɬɭɫɛɳɠ ɩ ɟɩɬɭɠɧɠ ɩ ɢɨɠɧɩɡɠ ɩ ɪɫɮɡɣ ɩ ɳɛɦɠ ɩ ɝɩɞɨɠ ɩ ɢɨɛɧɠ ɩ ɲɛɝɮ ɩ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ´« ³ ɧɛɭɣ ɲɮɡɛ ³ ɧɛɲɮɰɛµ. 423. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɿɡ ɜɿɪɲɚ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɭ ɮɨɪɦɿ ɜɢɳɨɝɨ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹ ɩɨ ɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɰɿɽʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ
ɋʀɟɨɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɝ ɫʀɟɨʀɤ ɳɥɩɦʀ ɔɩ ɜɫɣɨɣɭɷ ɨɛɧ ɲɛɫʀɝɨʀɳ" ɔɩ ɨɛɧ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ʀ ɧɣɦʀɳ Ȳ ɟɩɫɩɡɲɠ ɝ ɲɛɬ ɨɠɟɩɦʀ" ɉ ɉɦɠɬɷ
ȱ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡɿ ɜɫɬɚɜ ɥɟɧɢɦɢ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ ɡɲ ɡɿ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨɸ ɛɭɤɜɨɸ ɴ Ɏɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɭɺ ɠ ɫʀɢɛɭɣ ɝɮ ɠ ɥɦɛɟɣ ɭɩɝ ɠ ʀɟɮ ɜɦɣ ɠ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɟɩɫɩ ɠ ɫɩɜɣ ɥɫɛ ɠ ɛɟɫɠɬɮɤ ɝɣ ɠ ɨɠɬɭɣ ɝɛ ɠ ʀɬɥɫɣɭɷ ɨɣ ɠ ɧɣɞɩɭɣɭɷ ɟɮ ɠ ʁɰɛɭɣ ɥɫɛ ɠ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɬɮɯʀɥɬʀɝ ɩ ɠ ɩ ɠ
II. Ɂ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɡ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ Ʌɟɫɿ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɤɢ ´ȿɦɺ ɨɛɬ ɨɛ ɝʀɭɷ ɟɣɧ ɬɩɦɩɟɥɣɤ ɭɛ ɥɩɰɛɨɣɤµ 425. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɬɿɧɤɭ ʀɦ ɧɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɫɭɮɿɤɫɢ
ɇɠɨʀ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɩ ɲɣ ɜɮɟɮ ɺ ɡɣɭɷ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɲɣ ɨʀ ɒɣ ɰɭɩ ɢɞɛɟɛɾ ɲɣ ɢɛ ɜɮɟɠ ɧɠɨɠ ɝ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɨɛ ɲɮɡɣɨʀ ³ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝʀɬʀɨɷɥɩ ɧɠɨʀ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ ɂɣɧɛ ɜɮɦɛ ʀ ɰɮʊɛ ɝɣɦɛ ɺɥ ɢɝʀɫ ɬɥɛɡɠɨɣɤ ɢɛ ɝʀɥɨɩɧ ɛ ɧɣ ɦɹɜɠɬɠɨɷɥɩ ɬɣɟʀɦɣ ɮ ɭɠɪɦʀɤ ɰɛɭɩɨɷɱʀ ɫɺɟɥɩɧ ȿɨʀɪɫɩɝɛ ɒɛɤɥɛ ɂʀɤɳɩɝ ɞɩɫɩɰ ɪʀɟɫʀɬ ɢɛɱɝʀɝ ɮɝɠɬɷ ɫɺɬɨɠɨɷɥɩ ɰɭɩ ɤɳɩɝ ɭɩɤ ɪɫɣɞɦɺɟɛɝɬɷ ɞɩɫɩɰɩɝʀ ɪɣɦɷɨɠɨɷɥɩ Ɋ Ⱦɮ ɦɛɥ Ȼɫɭɠɧɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ
426. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɿɣ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨ ɪɟɧɿ
³ ɇɛɧɩ ɧɠɨɠ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɢɝɮɭɷ ɨɛɤɞʀɫɳɣɧ ɮɲɨɠɧ ³ ɇɩɦɩɟɠɱɷ ɍɣ ɬɭɛɝ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɝɲɣɭɣɬɷ" ³ Ɉʀ ɟɩ ɨɛɬ ɮ ɥɦɛɬ ɪɫɣɤɳɩɝ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɰɦɩɪɠɱɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɝɲɣɭɷɬɺ ɴɠ ɞʀɫɳɠ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ɏ9 Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɡ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɪɨɡɞɭɦɭ ɂɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɭɠɥɬɭɣ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɨʀ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɫʀɟɥɩ ɚɥ ɪɫɛɝɣ ɦɩ ɝ ɭɛɥʀ ɭɠɥɬɭɣ ɝɝɩɟɺɭɷ ɤ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɫɩɢɟɮɧɮ ɺɥʀ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɹɭɷ ɲɣɭɛɲɠɝʀ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɢɩɫʀɾɨɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɢɧʀɬɭʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɩɱʀɨɣɭɣ ɝɲɣɨɥɣ ɪɠɫɬɩɨɛɡʀɝ
ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɭ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɪɨɡɞɭ ɦɭ ɚ ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ² ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɿ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɡ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ əɤɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɜɠɢɬɨ ɜ ɧɿɣ" Ɋɠɫɳɣɧ ɥɩɳɩɝɣɧ ɂɛɪɩɫɩɢɷɥɩʁ Ɍʀɲʀ ɜɮɝ ȿɧɣɭɫɩ Ƚɣɳɨɠɝɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɢɝɛɨɣɤ ɭɛɥɩɡ ȼɛɤɟɩɹ Ƚʀɨ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɝ ɢ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɢ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ȼɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɫɩɥɮ Ƚɣɳɨɠɝɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɣɜɮɝ ɟɩ ɥɩɢɛɥʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɤ ɩɜɫɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɩɭɛ ɧɛɨɩɧ Ɋʀɟ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɩɧ ɥɩɢɛɥɣ ɢɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɳɮ Ɍʀɲ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ ɐɩɫɭɣɱʀ Ʌɩɢɛɱɷɥɛ Ɍʀɲ ɢɛɝɛɡɛɦɛ ɭɛɭɛɫɛɧ ɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɭɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɍɩɧɮ ɝɡɠ ɫɩɥɮ ɥɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɨ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɧ ɩɭɩɲɣɝ ɥɩɢɛɱɷɥɮ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɹ ʀ ɟɨʀ ɪɫɩ ɭɫɣɧɛɝ ʁʁ ɝ ɩɜɦɩɢʀ ɛɦɠ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɞ ɪɩɟɩɦɛɭɣ ɥɩɢɛɥʀɝ Ɉɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɛ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɣɤɳɩɝ ɴɠ ɢ ɜʀɦɷɳɣɧ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɧ Ʌɩɢɛɥɣ ɜɩɫɩɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɛ ɨɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɪɩ ɜɛɲɣɝɳɣ ɴɩ ʁɧ ɨɠ ɝɣɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɜɩ ʁɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɟɠɬɺɭɠɫɩ ɧɠɨɳɠ ɨʀɡ ɭɛɭɛɫ ɝɩɨɣ ɪʀɟ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɩɧ ȼɛɤɟɣ Ƚɣɳɨɠɝɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɝɛɡɨɩ ɪɫɩɜɣɦɣɬɺ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɭɛɭɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɫɺɟɣ ʀ ɬɰɩɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɮ ɬɭɠɪɮ Ʌʀɦɷɥɩɧɛ ɫɩɥɛɧɣ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ȼɛɤɟɛ ɢ ɥɩɢɛɥɛɧɣ ɪʀɳɩɝ ɮ ɇɩɦɟɛɝʀɹ ɪɩɨɠ ɝɩɦɠɨɮ ɭɮɫɥɛɧɣ Ɋʀɳɩɝ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɺɭɣ ɭɛɧɭɠɳɨʀɰ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɣɰ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱʀɝ ɍɛ ɱɠɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɬɥʀɨɲɣɝɬɺ ɟɦɺ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɨɠɴɛɬɦɣɝɩ ɍɮɫɥɣ ɪʀɟɥɮɪɣɦɣ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɧɩɦɟɛ ɝɛɨ ʀ ɭʀ ɪʀɟɬɭɮɪɨɩ ɬɰɩɪɣɦɣ ȼɛɤɟɮ ʀ ɝ ɥɛɤɟɛɨɛɰ ɝʀɟɪɫɛɝɣɦɣ ɟɩ ɑɛɫɞɩɫɩɟɛ Ɍɮɦɭɛɨ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɬɭɫɛɭɣɭɣ ɥɩɢɛɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɳɩɝɩɞɩ ɑɠ ɬɭɛɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɫɩɱʀ
ȱȱ Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɮɨɬɨɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɦɨɜɢ ɩɪɨ ɩɟɪɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɲɨ ɜɨɝɨ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɚ ȼɢɲɧɟɜɟɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨ ɤɨɡɚɤɿɜ ɩɪɨ ʀɯɧɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɿ ɪɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɭ
Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɥɩɳɩɝɣɤ ȿɧɣɭɫɩ Ƚɣɳɨɠɝɠɱɷɥɣɤ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬʀɝ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȝ·ȭȠțȎȒȤȭȠȖȗ DZȎșȖț
ɔȻɌɍɚ ɔɩ ɭɛɥɠ ɴɛɬɭɺ" Ʌɩɦɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɴɛɬɦɣɝɛ" ɔɩ ʁɤ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɟɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ" ɚ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɴɛɬɦɣɝɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɛɬɭɛɾ ɨɠɟʀɦɺ ʀ ɝɫɛɨɱʀ ɧɛɧɛ ɨɠ ɜɮɟɣɭɷ ɧɠɨɠ ɚɥɴɩ ɺ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹ ɨɠɪɩɥɩʁɭɣɬɷ ɮɝʀ ɬɨʀ ɧɛɧɛ ɬɰɣɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɟʀ ɧɨɩɹ ɤ ɨʀɡɨɩ ɳɠɪɩɲɠ ´Ɍɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɟɩ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɤɭɣ ɔɠ ɪɩɬɪɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɟɩɨɹµ ɚɥɩɬɷ ɺ ɤ ɥɛɡɮ ɢɛɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɩ ɨɛɪʀɝɬɩɨɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɝɠɫɭɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ɜʀɥ ³ ɚɥɠ ɴɛɬɭɺ ³ ɀɭ ɥɩɭɺɲɠ ɴɛɬɭɺ ³ ɢɛɞɛɟɥɩɝɩ ɝɬɧʀɰɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɧɛɧɛ ³ ɒɩɧɮ ɝɣ ɭɛɥ ɥɛɡɠɭɠ" ³ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɦɛ ɺ ɢɟɣɝɩɝɛɨɩ ³ ȼɩ ɭɩ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɥɩɭɩɝʀ ɟɩɬɭɛɭɨɷɩ ɛɜɣ ɪɩʁɬɭɣ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɭɛ ɪɩɬɪɛɭɣ ɝ ɭɠɪɦʀ Ɇɹɟɣɨʀ ɡ ɟɦɺ ɴɛɬɭɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɢɛɧɛɦɩ Ɍɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɪɩɬɪɛɭɣ ɟɩɝɳɠ ³ ɱɠ ɪɫɣɾɧɨɩ ɛɦɠ ɱɠ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨɾ ɴɛɬɭɺ ɔɛɬɭɺ ɴɩ ɾ ɧɛɧɛ ɤ ɭɛɭɩ ʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɦɹɜɦɺɭɷ ɭɠɜɠ ʀ ɭɣ ɦɹɜɣɳ ʁɰ ɚ ɴɛɬɦɣ ɝɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɧɛɧɛ ɥɛɡɠ ɧɠɨʀ ´ɇɩɺ ɭɣ ɪɩɧʀɲɨɣɱɠµ ɔɛɬɭɺ ɺɥ ɧɠɨʀ ɢɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɴy ɭɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɢɛɞɛɟɮɾɳ ɨɛ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɾ ɇɠɨʀ ɜ ɰɩɭʀɦɩɬɺ ɥɩɦɣ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɮ ɜɮɭɣ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɩɹ ɦɹɟɺɧ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ Ȳ ɴɩɜ ɨɛɳɛ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɛɤ ɥɫɛɴɩɹ ɨɛɤɜɛɞɛɭɳɩɹ ɝ ɬɝʀɭʀ ȼɩ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɩɟʀ ɧɩɡɠɳ ɜɮɭɣ ɪɩ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨɷɩ ɧɮ ɴɛɬɦɣɝɣɧ ɥɩɦɣ ɝɬʀ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɭɠɜɠ ɴɛɬɦɣɝʀ
428. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ Ƚɚɥɢɧɿ ɦɿɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɉɨɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ ɣ ɜɢ ɧɚɞ ɬɢɦ ɳɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɳɚɫɬɹ ɋɜɨʀ ɦɿɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ Ⱥ ɦɨɠɟ ɰɟ ɤɪɚɳɟ ɨɛɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɡ ɭɪɨɤɿɜ ɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ"
§ 45.
ɉɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɿɜ
429. ɍ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɯ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɯ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɩɪɟɮɿɤ ɫɢ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɱɢ ɰɿ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɬɭɬ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɢ ɹɤ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɬɨɛɬɨ ɱɢ ɜɿɞ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚ ɱɢ ɰɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɛ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɹɤ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤ ɇɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɶ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ
Ƚʀɟɟɛɝɨɛ ɟɩɪʀɢɨɛ ɟɩɲɣɬɭɛ ɢɫʀɟɥɛ ɢɞɛɫɺɲɮ ɢɧɛɦɥɮ ɢɟɛɦɠɥɮ ɢɛɧɩɦɩɟɮ ɪɩɧɛɦɮ ɨɛɬɮɰɩ ɨɛɲɣɬɭɩ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
430. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢ ɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɤɨɥɢ ʀɯ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɮɿɫ
Ɋɩ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɧɮ ɛɦɠ ɪɩɪɫɩɬɭɮ ɪɩ ɨɩɝɩɧɮ ɛɦɠ ɪɩɭɣɰɮ ɪɩɧɛɦɮ ɪɩ ɩɬʀɨ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɬɷɥɣ ɪɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣ ɪɩ ɢɛɺɲɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɢɛɺɲɣ ɪɩ ʀɨɳɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɝɛɳɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɧɩɾɧɮ ɛɦɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɫɣ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɣ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ
431. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɢɬɢ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɡ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɪɩ ɜɿɞ ɨɞɧɨɡɜɭɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɽɞɧɚɧɶ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɪɩ ɡ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ
Ɋɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɢ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛɧɣ
ȿɮɧɛɾɧɩ ɺɥ" ɪɩ ɨɩɝɩɧɮ ȿɩɴ ɧɡɣɲɣɭɷ ɺɥ" ɪɩ ɩɬʀɨɨɷɩɧɮ ɂɫɩɜɦɠɨɩ ɺɥ" ɪɩ ʀɨɳɩɧɮ
Ȳɟɠɧɩ ɪɩ ɺɥɩɧɮ" ɨɩɝɩɧɮ ɧɩɬɭɮ Ƚʀɭɠɫ ɞɮɦɺɾ ɪɩ ɺɥɩɧɮ" ɩɬʀɨɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɩɦɹ ɇɣ ɪʀɳɦɣ ɪɩ ɺɥɩɧɮ" ʀɨɳɩɧɮ ɳɦɺɰɮ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɩɝɣɰ ɩɬɨɩɝ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩ ɧɩɞɩɹ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬʀɝ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɟɠɯʀɬ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɟɩɟɛɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɪɫɠ ɯʀɥɬɛ ɪɩ ɟɩ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɛɜɩ ɢɛɤɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛ ɩɧɮ ɾɧɮ ɫʀɟɥɩ ɨɛ ɣ ɍɫɣ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɨɛ ɩɧɮ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ ɜɩ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬɛ ɪɩ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɣɤ ɟɩɟɛɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬɛ ɪɩ ɟɩ ɪɫɣ ɥ ɧɠɭɨɣɥɛ ɨɛ ɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɺɥ" Ɋɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥ ɪɩ ɬɭɩɬɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɛ ɛ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥɛ ɪɩ ɧɩɬɭɮ ɪɩ ɪɩɦɹ ɪɩ ɬɦʀɟɮ ʀ ɭɩɧɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ 432. Ɋɨɡɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɡɚ ɛɭɞɨɜɨɸ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɦ ɡɪɚɡɤɨɦ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ
Ɋɫɠɯʀɥɬ
Ʌɩɫʀɨɷ
Ɍɮɯʀɥɬ
ɨɛɲɣɬɭɩ ɪɩ ɨɛɳɩɧɮ
ɨɛ ɪɩ
ɲɣɬɭ ɨɛɳ
ɩ ɩɧɮ
Ɋɩɭɣɰɮ ɪɩɧɛɦɮ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɢɦʀɝɛ ɢɟɛɝɨɛ ɟɩɬɣɭɛ ɟɩɲɣɬɭɛ ɨɛɫʀɝɨʀ ɝɪɩɝɨʀ ɪɩ ɨɩɝɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɧɮ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬʀɝ
433. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫ
Ɉɠɬɥʀɨɲpɨɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɤ ʀ ɨɠɩɬɺɡɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɴɩ ɩɭɩɲɮɾ ɨɛɬ ɂ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɛ ȿɩɪʀɢɨɛ ɲɮɭɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɞɩɧʀɨ ɨɛ ɬɠɦʀ Ȼ Ɍɝɣɟɨɣɱɷɥɣɤ Ƚ ɫɛɨɥɩɝʀɤ ʀɧɦʀ ɢɜɦɣɢɷɥɛ ʀ ɢɟɛɦɠɥɛ ɝɣɧɛɦɷɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɟɺ ɜɮɟɣɨɥʀɝ ɝɠɦɠɭɨʀɝ ɑɝʀɭɠ ɦɣɪɛ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɷɩ ɤ ɢɛɟɮɳɦɣɝɩ ɨɛɟ ɫɩɢɪɠɲɠɨɣɧ ɥɛɧɠɨɠɧ ɝɮɦɣɱɷ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɞɫʀɾ ɪɩ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɦɣɪɨɠɝɩɧɮ ɂ ɭɝ ə ɚɨɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɬɭɩɺɦɩ ɴɠ ɨɣɢɷɥɩ ɨɛɟ ɩɜɫʀɾɧ ɛɦɠ ɬɧʀɺɦɩɬɷ ɪɩ ɝɠɬɨɺɨɩɧɮ ə ɂɜɛɨɛɱɷɥɣɤ
434*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ ȼɠɫɠɡɣ ɲɠɬɭɷ ɢ ɧɩɦɩɟɮ ɛ ɢɟɩɫɩɝ·ɺ ɪʀɟ ɬɭɛɫʀɬɭɷ ȿɩ ɢɦɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɰɩɟɣ ɢ ɟɛɦɠɥɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɜʀɤɟɣ Ʌɝɛɪɬɺ ɛɦɠ ɪɩ ɧɛɦɮ ȿɣɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɥɛ ɛ ɨʀ ɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɜɛɲɣɭɷ ȿɠɫɠɝɩ ɢɛ ɧɩɦɩɟɮ ɨɛɞɣɨɛɤ ³ ɜɮɟɠɳ ɧɛɭɣ ɝ ɬɛɟɮ ɫɛɤ Ʌɩɡɨɣɤ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɪɩ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɟɧɠ ȼɠɢ ɪɫɛɝɟɣ ɡɣɭɣ ³ ɭɩ ɺɥ ɪɩ ɝɩɝɲɩɧɮ ɝɣɭɣ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɝɨ ɹɤ ɩɢ ɲɭɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɮɿɫ
Ɏɺɝɦɺɹ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɪɦɣɝ ɪɩ ɭɣɰɮ ɦɹɟɣ ɢ ɟɛɦɠɥɛ ɮɬɠ ɪɩ ɪɫɩ ɬɭɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɝɠɲʀɫɨɷɩɧɮ ɭɣɰɩ ɢ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɛ ɫɩɢɟɣɝɣɝɬɺ ɢɨʀɭɣɝɬɺ ɪɩ ɟɣɭɺɲɩɧɮ ɩɥɫɠɬɦɠɨɩ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɟɩ ɪʀɢɨɛ ɢɛɬɣɟʀɝɬɺ ɩɱʀɨɺɭɷ ɪɩ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨɷɩɧɮ ɢ ɝɣɬɩ ɥɛ ɢɣɫɥɨɮɝ ɪɠɫɠɪɩɲɣɝ ɪɩ ɬɩɦɟɛɭɬɷɥɣ
II Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ȼ ɋɢɦɨɧɟɧɤɚ ´ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝɛɾ ɜɠɢɧɠɡɨɮ ɝɠɦɣɲ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɫɛɬɣµ ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɪɩ ɩɢɲɟɬɶɫɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɡ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɪɩ- ɩɢɲɟɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɮɿɫ Ɍɪʀɳɣɦɣ ɪɩ ɥɮɫɨɩɧɮ ɳɦɺɰɮ ɪɠɫɠʁɰɛɝ ɪɩ ɨɩɝɩɧɮ ɧɩɬɭɮ ɬɪɣɭɛɝ ɪɩ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɣɳɮ ɪɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɜɫʀɝ ɪɩ ɫɩɬɺɨɩɧɮ ɦɮɢʀ ɢɳɣɝ ɪɩ ɬɭɛɫɩɧɮ ɪɠɫɠɫɩɜɣɝ ɪɩ ɨɩɝɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɢɝɣɲɛɹ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ʀ ´Ɉɠ ɛ ɫɩɢɮɧµ. 437. Ⱦɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɶ ɿ ɫɥɿɜ ɞɨɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɢ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɩɨɪɹɞ Ɋɩɝɨɩɹ ɧʀɫɩɹ ɢ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɢ ɟɣɭɺɲɣɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɟ ɲɛɬɮ ɝɬʀɦɺɥɩ ɪɩɰɛɪɱɠɧ ɪɣɰɛɭɩ Ɍɣɨɩɨʀɧɣ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɨɛ ɢɫʀɟɥɛ ɨɛɳɝɣɟɥɮ ɪɩ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɮ ɢɝɣɬɩɥɛ ɢɞɩɫɟɛ ɢɟɛɝɨɛ ɢɧɛɦɥɮ ɬɪɩɝɨɛ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
438. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɜɿɪɲɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫ ȼɢ ɜɱɿɬɶ ɜɿɪɲ ɧɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɶ
Ƚʀɭɫɣ ʀ ɜɮɫʀ ɝɠɬɨɺɨʀ ɂɝɛɦɣɦɣ ɥɛɧʀɨɷ ʀɢ ɧɩɞɣɦɣ Ƚ ɥɫɣɝɛɝʀɧ ɧɩɫʀ ʀ ɩɞɨʀ ȳʁ ɩɥɫɛɟɠɨɮ ɢɜɮɟɣɦɣ Ƚ ɥɫɛɬʀ ɨɠɭɦʀɨɨʀɤ ɲɛɫʀɝɨʀɤ Ƚɩɨɛ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɦɛ ɩɲʀ ɬɣɨʀ Ɇɛɨɣ ɤ ɦʀɬɣ ɝɥɦɩɨɣɦɣɬɷ ʁɤ Ƚɩɬɥɫɠɬɦʀɤ ɧɫʀʁ ³ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ Ȳ ɧɩɝɣ ɫʀɟɨɩʁ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɂɦɣɦɣɬɷ ɝ ɩɟɨɩ ɳɣɫɩɥɠ ɧɩɫɠ ȿɢɝɠɨɺɭɷ ɪɩ ɫʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɪɭɛɳɥɣ Ȳ ɬɭɠɪ ɪɩ ɫʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɞɩɝɩɫɠ Ɋɩɞɦɺɨɠɳ ɝ ɪɩɦɠ ɨɛ ɡɣɭɛ ɑɝʀɭɮɭɷ ɝ ɡɣɭɛɰ ɝɩɦɩɳɥɣ ɬɣɨʀ Ȳ ɝ ɨɠɜʀ ɥɝʀɭɥɛ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ Ȳ ɨɠɜɩ ³ ɪɫɛɪɩɫ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɉ ɉɦɠɬɷ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɿɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢ ɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɬɿɦ ² ɿɧɲɿ
ɉɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɬɩɭɨɺ ɥɩɢɛɥʀɝ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢʀ Ɍɥɣɟɛɨɩɧ ɪɩɪɩɝɢɦɛ ɨɛ ɝɣɦɛɢɥɮ ɩɞɣ ɨɛɹɲɣ ɪɩɦɠ ɢɦʀɝɛ ɟɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɜɩɦɩɭɩ ʀ ɥɮɟɣ ɨɛ ɝɣɪɛɟɩɥ ɲɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɨɣɥ ɞɛɟɛɝ ɢɛɧɛɨɣɭɣ ɪɩɞɩɨɹ ɍɠ ɜɩɦɩɭɩ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɨɠ ɢɛɧɠɫɢɛɦɩ ɰʀɜɛ ɴɩ ɢɛɳɠɫɰɛ ɦɩ ʀ ɬɺɥ ɭɛɥ ɬɨʀɡɥɩɧ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɭɫɮɳɮɝɛɦɩ Ɉɠɝɟɩɝɢʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɝɠɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɮɢɦʀɬɬʀ ɤ ɰɩɝɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɢɛ ɟɠɫɠɝɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɥɮɴɛɧɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɞɦɣɜ ɦʀɬɮ ɍɛɧ ʀ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɦɣ ɝɩɫɩɡɣɤ ɭɛɜʀɫ Ʌɩɢɛɥɣ ɪʀɟɪɩɝɢɦɣ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ʀ ɢɛɦɺɞɦɣ Ɍɥɣɟɛɨ ɝɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɴɩ ɦʀɪɳɠ ³ ɨɛɪɛɬɭɣ ɨɛ ɭɛɜʀɫ ʀ ɢɲɣɨɣɭɣ ɳɛɫɝɛɫɩɥ ɲɣ ɬɪɫɩ ɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɭɣɰɠɨɷɥɩ ɪɩɱɮɪɣɭɣ ɞɛɫɧɛɭɣ" ɂɫɠɳɭɩɹ ɝʀɨ ɬɪɣɨɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɫɮɞɩɧɮ ɞɛɫɧɛɭɣ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɱɺɧ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɨɛɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ȿɛɝ ɢɨɛɥ ʀ ɨɛɪɠɫɠɟ ɝɣɪɩɝɢɦɣ ´ɝ·ɹɨɣµ ɍɛ ɩɬɷ ɝɛɫɭɩɝʀ ɢʀɤɳɦɣɬɺ ɟɩɥɮ ɪɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɬɭɣɰɛ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɜɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɦɹɦɷɥɣ ɭɹɭɹɨɩɧ ´Ƚ·ɹɨɣµ ɢɝɛɦɣɦɣ ʁɰ ɮ ɬɨʀɞ ɜɠɢɢɝɮɲɨɩ Ʌɩɢɛɥɣ ɭɣɰɩ ɤ ɜɠɢɳɮɧɨɩ ɢɛɰɩɟɣɦɣɬɺ ɢɨʀɧɛɭɣ ɡɠɫɦɛ ɞɛɫɧɛɭ ɢ ɦɛɯɠɭʀɝ Ƚ ɒɠɧɠɫɣɬ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ
ȱȱ Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɮɨɬɨɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ Ɋɨɡɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɳɨ ɜɢ ɡɧɚɽɬɟ ɩɪɨ ɤɨɡɚɤɿɜ Ɉɩɢ ɲɿɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɧɭ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɛɨɣɨɜɨʀ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚɤ ɹɤ ɜɢ ɫɨɛɿ ʀʀ ɭɹɜɥɹ ɽɬɟ Ɇɨɠɟɬɟ ɜɢɪɿɡɧɢɬɢ ɜ ɤɨɡɚɰɶɤɿɣ ɫɨɬɧɿ ɞɜɨɯ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɤɨɡɚɤɿɜ ɞɚɬɢ ʀɦ ɿɦɟɧɚ ɣ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɞɿɹɥɢ ɩɪɨ ɳɨ ɩɨɬɢɯɭ ɩɟɪɟɦɨɜɥɹɥɢɫɹ ɋɜɨɸ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
440. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ȿɣɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɢɝɣɬɩɥɛ ɢɝɠɫɰɨɷɩ ɬɭɛɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɞɦɺɟʀɭɣ ɬɥɩɬɛ ɜɮɭɣ ɨɠɢɛɟɩɝɩɦɠ ɨɣɧ ɬɭɛɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɠɟɩɜɫɩɢɣɲɦɣɝɩ ɬɭɛɫɛ ɪʀɬɨɺ ɪɩ ɨɩɝɩɧɮ ɬɪʀɝɛɨɛ ɴɩɬɷ ɟɛɝ ɨɩ ɝʀɟɩɧɠ ɡɣɭɣ ɪɩ ɪɛɨɬɷɥɣ ɫɩɢɥɩɳɮɝɛɭɣ ɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɭɫɛɝɣ ɜɩɺɲɣɬɷ ɥɩɞɩɬɷ ɟɩɞɩɟɡɛɭɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɬɝɩɺ ɪɛɢɮɰɛ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ɬɝɩʁ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɣ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ
§ 46.
ɉɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ
441. ɉɨɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ ɱɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɯ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɯ ɩɨɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɦ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɡ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɢ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ
Ƚɢɣɧɥɮ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ ɮɴɠɫɭɷ ɟɩɴɠɨɭɮ ɮɪɠɫɠɧʀɳ ɨɛɝɪɫɩɬɭɠɱɷ ɨɛɨʀɝɠɱɷ ɨɛ ɺɝɮ ɨɛɝɬɭʀɡ ɨɛɝɢɨɛɥ ɬɪɫɩɬɩɨɨɺ ɪɩɫɮɲ ɨɠɝɭɺɧɥɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
442. Ɂɿɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɨɞɧɨɡɜɭɱɧɿ ɩɨɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɡ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɿ ɞɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɚ ɤɨɥɢ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɿ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢ ɹɜɢɳɚ ɚ ɤɨɥɢ ɣɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɳɨɫɶ ɧɟɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɟ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɟ ɛ ɤɨɥɢ ɦɿɠ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɿ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɚ ɤɨɥɢ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟ ɱɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɬɚɤɨɸ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɨɸ Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɹɤ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɬɢ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɜɿɞ ɨɞɧɨɡɜɭɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɽɞɧɚɧɶ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɡ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ
Ȳɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɢ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ
ɝɟɠɨɷ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɬɝʀɭɣɭɷ ɜʀɞ ɨɛɞɩɫɮ ɬɰɩɟɛɧɣ ɨɛɟɝyɫʀ ɤɳɩɝ ɬɨʀɞ ɝɣɝɲɣ ɝʀɫɳ ɨɛɪɛɧ·ɺɭɷ
ɝ ɟɠɨɷ ɨɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɛɦɷɪʀɨʀɬɭɣ ɪʀɟʀɤɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɮ ɨɛ ɟɝɩɫʀ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɨɛ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɷ ɨɠ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɨɛɟʀɤɬɺ
443. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɫɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɱɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɠɢɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢ ɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ʀɯɧɽ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ
ȼɠɢ ɝʀɟɩɧɛ ɜɠɢ ɪɮɭɭɺ ɜɠɢ ɮɞɛɝɮ ɜɠɢ ɮɪɣɨɮ ɟɩ ɝɪɩɟɩɜɣ ɟɩ ɩɬɭɛɨɥɮ ɨɛ ɞɛɧɮɢ ɨɛ ɟɩɜɫɛɨʀɲ ɨɛ ɬɥɛɥɮ
444. Ɂɿɫɬɚɜɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɩɨɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɡ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɹɤɿ ɿ ɩɢɲɭɬɶɫɹ ɿ ɡɜɭ ɱɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɉɨɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɦɨɠɧɚ ʀɯ ɪɨɡɪɿɡɧɢɬɢ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ
Ȳɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɢ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ
ʀɟɮɭɷ ɮ ɨɩɞɮ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ ɮ ɝʀɲʀ ɪɫɣɥɣɨɮɝ ɨɛ ɩɥɩ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɭɣ ɜɠɢ ɥʀɨɱɺ
ɝɟɛɫɣɝɬɺ ɝ ɨɩɞɮ ɢɛɢɣɫɨɮɝ ɮ ɝʀɲʀ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɥɛ ɨɛ ɩɥɩ ɟɩɫɩɞɛ ɜɠɢ ɥʀɨɱɺ
445. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɹɤ ɳɟ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɢɬɢɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢ ɤɢ ɜɿɞ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ
ȼʀɞɩɧ ɥɫɮɞɩɧ ɞɮɫɭɩɧ ɡɮɡɧɩɧ ɪɩɝɛɞɩɧ ɪʀɟɭɹɪɱɠɧ ɧɣɭɭɹ ɝɠɬɨɩɹ ɫɛɲɥɣ ɪʀɳɥɣ ɝɠɫɰɣ ɡɛɦɷ ɳɥɩɟɛ
446. ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɭ ɱɨɦɭ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɞɜɨɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɯ ɜɿɞ ɿɦɟɧ ɧɢɤɿɜ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɛ, ɪɩ ɦɛɭɣɨʀ. Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ
ȼɠɢɬɮɧɨʀɝɨɩ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ʀɧɠɨ ɨɣɥʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɛɜɩ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɨɠ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɩɟɨɩɢɝɮɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɷ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛ ɢ ʀɧɠɨ ɨɣɥɩɧ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɛ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɥɩɨɥɫɠɭɨʀ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɣ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɛ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɝɥɛɢɮɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɮɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɠɨʀ ɩɜɬɭɛ ɝɣɨɣ ɜ ɧʀɡ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɩɧ ɭɛ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥɩɧ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɬɭɛɝɣɭɣ ɩɢɨɛ ɲɠɨɨɺ ɛ ɧʀɡ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɧɣ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɒɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɣɰ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɨɺɧ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛ ɢ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥɩɧ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɺɥ" ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɢ ɪɫɣ ɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɴɩ" ɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɛɰ ɒɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɝʀɟ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɜɠɢ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬʀɝ 447. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɨɞɧɨɡɜɭɱ ɧɢɯ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɡ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ
Ɉɛɝɥɫɮɞɣ ɲɩɫɨʀɦɩ ɢɩɫɛɨɠ ɪɩɦɠ ɛ ɢɞɩɫɣ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɺɱɺ ɦɣɦɩɬɷ ɜɦɛɥɣɭɨɠ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɠ ɬɺɤɝɩ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɂ ɞɩɫɣ ʀ ɬɛɨɣ ɜʀɡɛɭɷ ɛ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɮ ʀ ɝʀɢ ɨɠ ʁɟɠ Ɉɛɫ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɷ ɍɛɫɛɬ ɢɛɤɳɩɝ ɮ ɝɩɫɩɭɛ ɤ ɪɩɟɛɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɬɠɜɠ ɨɛɞɩɫɮ ɉ Ȳɦɷɲɠɨɥɩ ɒɣɡɣɥɣ ɢɝɣɦɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɞɨʀɢɟɩ ɨɛ ɨɛɤɝɣɴʀɤ ɞʀɦɱʀ« ȳɧ ɢɟɛɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɴɩ ɭɛɧ ɨɛɞɩɫʀ ʁɧ ɜɮɟɠ ʀ ɜɠɢɪɠɲɨʀɳɠ ʀ ɝɠɬɠɦʀɳɠ ɉ Ȳɝɛɨɠɨ ɥɩ ɉɤ ɨɛ ɞɩɫʀ ɭɛ ɤ ɡɠɨɱʀ ɡɨɮɭɷ ɛ ɪɩɪʀɟ ɞɩɫɩɹ ɺɫɩɧ ɟɩɦɣɨɩɹ ɥɩɢɛɥɣ ɤɟɮɭɷ Ɉɛɫɩɟɨɛ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɷ Ƚɨɩɲʀ ɝɬʀ ɬɪɦɺɭɷ ɛ ɝɟɠɨɷ ɬɪʀɳɛɭɷ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ Ƚ Ɍɣɧɩɨɠɨɥɩ Ƚ ɟɠɨɷ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɫɩɢɱɝʀɭɛɾ ɝɠɬɨɛ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ʀ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɮɜɣɫɛɾɭɷ ɬɺ ɢɫɛɨɨɺ Ƚ Ɍɩɬɹɫɛ
448. ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤɢɣ ɪɿɡɧɢɣ ɡɦɿɫɬ ɜɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɹɤ ɰɟɣ ɡɦɿɫɬ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɫɥɿɜ
ɇɣ ɪʀɟɨɺɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɞɩɫɮ ³ ɇɣ ɪʀɟɨɺɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɮ Ɍɦɩɨ ɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɪɩ ɝɩɦʀ ³ Ɍɦɩɨ ɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɪɩ ɝɩɦʀ Ƚʀɨ ɪɩɟɛɝɬɺ ɨɛɟɝʀɫ ³ Ƚʀɨ ɪɩɟɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɝʀɫ
449*. ɉɨɦɿɪɤɭɣɬɟ ɹɤɢɣ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɲɢɣ ɞɪɭɝɢɣ ɱɢ ɨɛɢɞɜɚ ɑɨɦɭ"
ɂ ɞɩɫɣ ɜʀɞɭɣ ɨɛɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɦɠɞɳɠ ɨʀɡ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɮ ɂɞɩɫɣ ɜʀɞɭɣ ɨɛɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɦɠɞ ɳɠ ɨʀɡ ɨɛɞɩɫɮ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
450*. Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ ɉɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɂ ɞɩɫɣ ɝɬɥɛɲ ɛ ɪʀɟ ɞɩɫɮ ɰɩɲ ɪɦɛɲ ɐɩɲ ɟɣɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɢ ɞɩɫɣ ɭɛ ɧɛɦɩ ɜɛɲɣɭɷ Ⱦɩɝɩɫɣ ɟɩ ɞɩɫɣ ɛ ɞɩɫɛ ɞɩɫɩɹ Ɉɠ ɟɠɫɣ ɨʀɬ ɟɩ ɞɩɫɣ ɜɩ ɪɠɫɠɲɠɪɣɳɬɺ ʀ ɝɪɛɟɠɳ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɪɩ ɝɩɦʀ ɫɩɬɭɠ ɐɩɟɣɭɷ ɪɩ ɝɩɦʀ ɺɥ ɪɠɬ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɥɩɦʀ
451. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɹɤɿ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ
ȼɠɢ ɝʀɟɩɧɛ ɜɠɢ ɦiɟɮ ɜɠɢ ɮɞɛɝɮ ɜɠɢ ɮɪɣɨɮ ɝ ɞɩɬɭʀ ɝ ɟiɦɠɲʀ ɝ ɩɜɫʀɢ ɟɩ ɝʀ ɟɩɧɛ ɟɩ ɝɪɩɟɩɜɣ ɟɩ ɦiɟɮ ɟɩ ɩɬɭɛɨɥɮ ɟɩ ɪɮɭɭɺ ɟɩ ɫɛɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɫɠɲʀ ɟɩ ɫɠɳɭɣ ɢ ɟɩɧɮ ɨɛ ɜʀɞɮ ɨɛ ɝpɬɨɮ ɨɛ ɝɣ ɪɦɛɭ ɨɛ ɞiɧɮɢ ɨɛ ɟɣɝɩ ɨɛ ɡɛɦɷ ɨɛ ɢɦɩ ɨɛ ɧɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɬɝʀɭɛɨɥɮ ɨɛ ɬɥɛɥɮ ɨɛ ɰɩɟɮ ɨɛɟ ɬɣɦɮ ɪɩ ɢɧɩɢʀ ɪɩ ɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɪɩ ɪɫɛɝɮ ɪɩ ɲɠɫɢʀ ɮ ɝɣɬɩɲʀɨɷ ɮɝʀ ɬɨʀ ɮ ɝʀɲʀ
452. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɩɿɫɧɿ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɽ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ
ɉɤ ɪɛɬɦɛ ɺ ɥɩɫʀɝɩɨɷɥɣ ɂɫɛɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɝɠɲɩɫɛ Ɉɛɪɛɬɦɛ ɴɠ ɤ ɨɛɪɩʁɦɛ ɍɛ ɤ ɡɠɨɮ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ Ɉɛɪɛɬɦɛ ɴɠ ɤ ɨɛɪɩʁɦɛ ɍɛ ɤ ɡɠɨɮ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɇɠɨʀ ɧɛɭɣ ɪɩɬɭɠɦɣɦɛ ³ Ɇɺɞɛɤ ɬɪɛɭɣ ɟɩɨɹ ɉɤ ɬɪɛɦɛ ɺ ɭɛ ɤ ɟɩ ɫɛɨɨɺ ɍɛ ɤ ɴɠ ɰɩɲɮ ɬɪɛɭɣ ɇɠɨɠ ɧɛɭɣ ɫɛɨɩ ɜɮɟɣɭɷ ³ Ɉɠ ɰɩɲɮ ɝɬɭɛɝɛɭɣ
453. Ⱦɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɨɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɚ ɋɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɢ ɤɥɚɞ ɬɪʀɟɦɩɜɛ ³ ɞɦɺɨɮɝ ɬɪʀɟɦɩɜɛ). Ɍɪʀɟɦɩɜɛ ɬɪʀɟɨɣɢɮ ɢɨɛɟɝɩɫɮ ɢɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ ɜɠɢɝʀɬɭɣ ɨɛɬɣɦɮ ɬɪɫɩɬɩɨɨɺ ɬɪɠɫɠɬɠɫɟɺ ɨɛɝɳɪɣɨɷɥɛɰ ɨɛɨʀɝɠɱɷ ɮɴɠɨɭ ɝɞɩɦɩɬ
454. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɣ ɜɿɞɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ʀɯ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɽ ɬɜɨ ɪɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ
ɂɫɩɟɮ ɫɮɥ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɛ ɮɢɩɫɣ ɝɣɳɣɝɛɾ ɔɩ ɫɩɬɭɠ ɟɩɞɩɫɣ ɥɩɫɠɨɠɧ" Ɋɩɝɨɛ ɪʀɲ ɪɛɦɺɨɣɱɷ ɛ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɥɨɣɳ Ƚɟɠɨɷ ɮ ɨɠɜʀ ɞɮɦɺɾ ɛ ɝɝɠɲɠɫʀ ɢɛ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɬʀɟɛɾ Ɉɛɟɝɩɫʀ ɞɩɫɩɹ ɛ ɝ ɰɛɭʀ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɔɩ ʀɟɠ ɜɠɢ ɮɪɣɨɮ" Ƚʀɟɞɛɟɥɣ ɢɩɫʀ ɤ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ɬɨʀɞ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɲɛɬ ɜɮɫɮɦɷɥɛ ɧɩɫɩɢ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɿɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɚ ɤɳɩɝ ɪɩ ɝɩɟɮ Ȼ ɝ ɬɮɬʀɟɨɷɩɧɮ ɟɝɩɫʀ ɬɭɩɺɭɷ ɬɛɨɲɛɭɛ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɬɣɟɣɭɷ ɰɦɩɪɲɣɥ Ɋɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɧ ³ ɢɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɤ ɱɣɜɛɭɣɤ ɪɠɬ Ɋɩɢɛɟɮ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɴɠ ɩɟɣɨ ɰɦɩɪɲɣɥ ³ ɮ ɫɮɟɩɧɮ ɥɩɡɮɳɥɮ Ƚʀɨ ɬɝɛɫɣɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɱɣɜɛɭɩɞɩ ³ ɍɺɞɨɣ Ɍɪɫɣɭɨɣɤ ɭɺɞɨɣ Ȼ ɭɩɤ ɨʀ ɢ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɐɦɩɪɲɣɥ ɮ ɬɣɨʀɤ ɥɮɫɭɱʀ ɪɩɞɠɱɮɾ ɨɛ ɬɛɨɲɛɭɛɰ ɭɛ ɪɩɥɫɣɥɮɾ ɨɛ ɪɬɛ ɛ ɭɩɤ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɾ ɴɩ ɝʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɰɩɲɮɭɷ ³ Ⱦɛɫɛɢɟ ɨi ɪɣɫʀɡɥɛ ³ ɭɛ ɪɩɧɛɨɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɐɦɩɪɲɣɥ ɮ ɥɩɡɮɳɥɮ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɩɝ ɨɛɪɠɫɠɟ ɩɟɦɩɧɣɝ ɳɧɛɭɩɥ ɪɣɫʀɡɥɛ ɭɛ ɤ ɟɛɝ Ɍɪɫɣɭɨɩɧɮ ɍɩɧɮ ɪɣɫʀɡɩɥ ɬɪɩɟɩɜɛɝɬɺ ³ Ɉɮ ɺɥ ɰɩɲɠɳ ɴɠ ɭɩ ɟɩɞɛɨɺɤ ɧɠɨɠ ³ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ ɥɩɡɮɳɩɥ ʀ ɪɩɜʀɞ Ɋɠɬ ɪɩɝɩɦʀ ɪɩɝɩɦʀ ɪʀɟɨɛɭɮɡɣɝɬɺ ɭɛ ɤ ɢɫɮɳɣɝ ɢ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɬɛɨɲɛɭɛ ʀ ɪɩɜʀɞ ɢɛ ɥɩɡɮɳɥɩɧ ɢɛ ɬɧɛɲɨɣɧ ɪɣɫʀɡɥɩɧ Ʌɩɦɣ ɺ ɝɡɠ ɨʀɬ ɝɩɟɮ ɭɩ ɨɛ ɬɛɨɲɛɭɛɰ ɬɣɟʀɝ ɥɩɡɮɳɩɥ ɛ ɭɩɤ ɮ ɬɣɨʀɤ ɥɮɫɭɱʀ ɜʀɞ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɮ ɢɛ ɨɣɧ ɞɨɛɝɬɺ ɱɣɜɛɭɣɤ ɪɠɬ ʀ ɭɺɞɨɮɝ ɬɛɨɲɛɭɛ ȿ ɒɠɫɠɟɨɣɲɠɨɥɩ
ȱȱ Ɋɨɡɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɢ ɤɚɬɚɽɬɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɚɧɤɚɯ ɭɡɢɦɤɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɝɨɞ ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɡɚɡɧɚɥɢ ɋɜɨɸ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
456. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɨɞɧɨɡɜɭɱɧɢɯ ɡ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚ ɦɢ ɫɥɿɜ
³ Ɋɛɝɦɣɥɮ ɲɩɧɮ ɭɣ ɨɠ ɟɛɾɳ ɬɛɨɩɥ ɜɫɛɭɣɥɩɝʀ" ³ ɪɣɭɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɧɛɧɛ ³ ɚɥ ɨɠ ɟɛɹ" ɂɛɝɡɟɣ ɺɥ ɢ·ʁɟɮ ɬɛɨɥɛɧɣ ɢ ɞɩɫɣ ɟɛɹ ɤɩɧɮ ɝɣɭɺɞɭɣ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɮ ³ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ Ɋɛɝɦɣɥ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
457. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ȳɭɣ ɨɛɝɪɫɩɬɭɠɱɷ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɟʀɺɭɣ ɪɫɺɧɩ ɝʀɟɝɠɫɭɩ ɪɩɬɪʀɳɛɤ ɪɩɝɩɦʀ ɟʀɤ ɩɜɛɲɨɩ ɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɢɞɩɫɣ ɝɨɣɢ ɢɝɠɫɰɨɷɩ ɬɭɛɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɥɩɞɩ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɺɥ ɟɮɫ ɨɩɧɮ ɢ ɞɩɫɣ ɜʀɞɭɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɨɠɧɮɟɫɩ ɝɛɦɣɭɣ ɝɬɠ ɟɩɥɮɪɣ ɢɧʀɳɮɝɛɭɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɫʀɢɨɩɫʀɟɨɠ ɪɮɬɥɛɭɣ ɭɮɧɛɨ ɮ ɝʀɲʀ ɨɛɝɧɣɬɨɠ ɢɛɪɦɮɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɴɩɬɷ ʀɭɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɟ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɬɭɛɫɩɞɩ ɦɛɢɣɭɣ ɫɛɲɥɣ ɪɠɫɠɬɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɫɮɥɛɰ ʀ ɨɩɞɛɰ
§ 47.
ɉɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɱɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ
458. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɣ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɿɜ ɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɜɿɞ ɱɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɢɲɭɬɶɫɹ
Ɏɟɝʀɲʀ ɮɭɫɣɲʀ ɝɟɝɩɾ ɝɲɠɭɝɠɫɩ ɮɟɠɬɺɭɠɫɩ ɮɪɠɫɳɠ ɝɟɫɮɞɠ ɝɪ·ɺɭɠ ɮɭɫɷɩɰ ɮɪ·ɺɭɷɩɰ ɮɬʀɧɩɰ ɝɩɟɨɩ ɢɛɩɟɨɩ ɨɛɟɝɩɾ ɨɛɭɫɩɾ ɨɛɳɠɬɭɠɫɩ
459. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɹɤ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɜɿɞɱɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɩɪɟ ɮɿɤɫɚ ɪɩ ɿ ɡɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ʀɯɧɽ ɬɪɨɹɤɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ Ɋɩɩɟɣɨɱʀ ɪɩɟɝʀɲʀ ɪɩɭɫɣɲʀ Ɋɩ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɟɝɩɾ ɪɩ ɭɫɩɾ ɪɩ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɩ ʀ ɭ ɟ Ɋɩ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɪɩ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɪɩ ɭɫɠɭɾ ʀ ɭ ɟ
460. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɢɬɢ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɜɿɞ ɨɞɧɨɡɜɭɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɽɞ ɧɚɧɶ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɡ ɱɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ
ɒɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɢ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ
ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɦɣ ɮɭɫɷɩɰ ɬɥɦɛɝ ɮɟɝɩɾ ɫɩɢʀɫɝɛɝ ɨɛɲɠɭɝɠɫɩ
ɮ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɭɩɝɛɫɣɳʀɝ ɮ ɟɝɩɾ ɟɝɠɫɠɤ ɨɛ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɩ ɥɩɨɠɤ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɨɺɧ ɲɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɢ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨ ɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɫɛɢɩɧ Ɇɣɳɠ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɭɣɪɮ ɪɩ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɟɝɩɾ ɭɛ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɟɠɯʀɬ ³ ɭɣɪɮ ɪɩ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɪɩ ɟɫɮɞɠ Ɏ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛɰ ɧʀɡ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬɩɧ ʀ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɹ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ ɨʀɺɥɩ ɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɝɬɭɛɝɣɭɣ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɛ ɧʀɡ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɩɧ ʀ ɲɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɬɭɛɝɣɭɣ ɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɭɩɤ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɲɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ
461. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɨɞɧɨɡɜɭɱɧɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫ
ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɝɠɫɟɩ ɭɛɥ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɩɬɷ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɞɩɫɟɠɾ ɮɪɠɫɭɠ ɫɛɢ ɩɟɜɣɦɩɬɷ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɝɟɫɮɞɠ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɝɭɫɠɭɾ ɴɠ ɤ ɝɲɠɭɝɠɫɭɠ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ ɂɛʁɰɛɦɣ ɬɪɩɲɛɭ ɥɮ ɝ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɮ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɬɠɦɩ ɮ ɭɫɠɭɾ ɨɠ ɝɬɭɣɞɦɣ ɢɛʁɰɛɭɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɟɝɩɰ ɰɮɭɠɨɷɥɩ ɪʀɟɨɺɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɮ ɉ ȿɠɬɨɺɥ Ɇɹɟɣɨɛ ɡɛɫɭɮɾ ɮ ɟɝɩɰ ɝɣɪɛɟ ɥɛɰ ɥɩɦɣ ʁɤ ɝɠɬɠɦɩ ʀ ɥɩɦɣ ʁɤ ɬɮɧɨɩ Ɇ Ʌɩɬɭɠɨɥɩ
Ɇʀɨɛ Ʌɩɬɭɠɨɥɩ ³ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣɱɺ ɳʀɬɭɟɠɬɺɭɨɣɱɺ ɪɩɠɭɠɬɛ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɡ ɩɨɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɡ ɱɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ
Ɋɫɣɜʀɞɦɣ ɝ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɫɩɢʀɫɝɛɝ ɨɛ ɟɝɩɾ ɮɢɺɝ ɮ ɪ·ɺɭɷɩɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɣ ɦɣ ɝ ɟɝɩɾ ɝɦʀɢ ɮ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɝʀɥɨɩ ɝɣɫʀɬ ɮ ɟɝʀɲʀ ɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɮ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɨɛ ɲɠɭ ɝɠɫɩ ɟɨʀɝ ɝɣɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɪɩ ɩɟɣɨɱʀ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɡ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ɪɨɫɿɣɫɶɤɨ ɝɨ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɤɚ ȼ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ ´ȿɩɜɫɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɨɠ ɭɛ ɴɩ ɝɧʀɾ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɟɩɜɫɩ ɛ ɭɛ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɝɧʀɾ µ. 463*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ ȼɮɝ ɬɩɜʀ ɟʀɟ ɭɛ ɜɛɜɛ« Ɏ ɟɝɩɰ ɬɩɜʀ ɨɛ ɰɮɭɩɫʀ ɡɣɦɣ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ ɉɭ ɪɩɬɭɮɥɛɦɣ ʀ ɫɛɢ ʀ ɝ ɟɫɮɞɠ ʀ ɮ ɭɫɠɭɠ ʀ ɝɝʀɤɳɦɣ ɬɭɛɫɩɬɭɣ Ⱦ Ʌɝʀɭ ɥɛ ɉɬɨɩɝ·ɺɨɠɨɥɩ Ƚʀɭɠɫ ɫɝɮɲɥɣɤ ɨɛ ɭɫɩɾ ɨɛ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɩ ɫɝɛɝ ɨɛɧ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɦɛ ȼɩɫɣɬ ɍɠɨ Ɋɠɫɠɪɫɛɝɦɺɦɣɬɷ ɪɩ ɭɫɩɾ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥɣɧ ɲɩɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɉ Ⱦɩɨ ɲɛɫ Ƚɣɴʀ ɝʀɟ ɮɬʀɰ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɭɮɭ ɬɩɬɨɣ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɞɮɬɭɩ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɪɩ ɩɟɣɨɱʀ Ɍ Ɍɥɦɺɫɠɨɥɩ Ɋɩ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɬɣɨ ɜɮɝ ɰɝɩɫɣɤ ɛ ɪɩ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɢɝʀɫɣɝɬɺ ɤɩɧɮ ɞʀɫɥɩ ɡɛɦɮɹɲɣɬɷ ɴɩ ɰɩɲɠ ɟɠɢɠɫɭɣɫɮɝɛɭɣ ɉ Ʌɩɜɣɦɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɇɛɫɳɣɫɮɝɛ ɦɣ ɪɩ ɟɝɩɾ ɪɩ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɩ ɪɩ ɝʀɬʀɧ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥ ɮ ɳɠɫɠɨɢʀ ɂ ɍɮɦɮɜ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɝɨ ɹɤ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ ɧɢɤɢ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɮɿɫ
Ɍɰɝɛɦɣɦɣ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɬɭɛɝɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɪɩ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɞɩɟɣɦɣ ɝ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɢɨɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɷ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɪɩ ɬɭɛɫɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɝɬɺɥɩɧɮ ɜɮɝɛɾ ɨɛ ɟɝɩɾ ɫɩɢ ɦɛɧɛɝ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɺɭɣ ɪɩ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨɷɩɧɮ ɟɩ ɩɬɭɛɨɥɮ ɭɫɣɧɛɭɣɬɺ ɬɭɮɪɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɝɳɪɣɨɷɥɛɰ ɮɲɨʀ ɤɳɦɣ ɪɩ ɟɝɩɾ ɝɣɧɠɬɭɣ ɟɩ ɲɣɬɭɛ ɝɣɟɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɛ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɨɝɨ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɚ ɏ9ȱȱȱ ɫɬ ɒɚɪɥɹ Ɇɨɧɬɟɫɤ¶ɽ ´ɍɫɠɜɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɲɣɭɣɬɺ ɴɩɜ µ. 465. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ɋɠɫɠɫɣɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛɲɠɭɝɠɫɩ ɨɛɟɧʀɫɨɩ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɟɮɳɛ ɫɩɢɫɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɟɝɩɾ ɥɩɞɩɬɷ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɹɭɷ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɦɣɝʀ ɪɩɲɮɭɭɺ ɮ ɟɝɩɰ ɬɦɩɝɛɰ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɩ ɨɛɟɝɩɾ ɜɛɜɛ ɝɩɫɩɡɣɦɛ ɛɜɩ ɝɧɫɠ ɛɜɩ ɜɮɟɠ ɡɣɝɛ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɴɩɬɷ ɨɠ ɪɠɝɨɠ ɬɦɛɜɣɤ ɺɥ ɮɲɠɭɝɠɫɩ ɧɩɭɮɢ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɨɠ ɬɦɛɜɣɤ ɨɠ ɫɛɢ ʀ ɨɠ ɟɝʀɲʀ ɲɛɬ ɭɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɫɛɢɩɝɩ ɦɛɟɨɣɤ ɭɫɣɲʀ ɪɫɩɝɛɦɣɭɣɬɺ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɟɮɡɠ ɨɠɢɫɮɲɨɩ ɥɩɧɮɬɷ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ɏ9ȱ ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɸɠɟɬɭ
ɍɩɤ ɬɛɧɣɤ ɬɹɡɠɭ ɭʀ ɬɛɧʀ ɯɛɥɭɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɮ ɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɤ ɪɩ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɮ ɩɪɣɬɮɝɛɭɣ ɭɦɮɧɛɲɣɭɣ Ƚ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ ɝɣ ɪɛɟɥɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɛɝɭɩɫɣ ɪɣɬɛɦɣ ɪɫɩ ɭʀ ɬɛɧʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɪɫɩ ɭɣɰ ɬɛɧɣɰ ɪɠɫɬɩɨɛɡʀɝ ³ ʀ ɝ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɱɠ ɝɣɰɩɟɣɦɩ ɪɩ ʀɨɳɩɧɮ ʀ ɨɠ ɧɠɨɳ ɱʀɥɛɝɩ ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɞɨɦɭ ɜɚɦ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɤɚɡɤɭ ɩɪɨ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɭ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɡ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɝɨɥɨɜɢɦ ɡɦɿ ɽɦ ɿ ɡɿɫɬɚɜɬɟ ʀʀ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɧɨɸ ɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɤɨɸ ɓɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɰɿ ɚ ɳɨ ɡɦɿ ɧɟɧɨ" əɤ ɜɿɞ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɡɦɿɧɢɥɚɫɹ ɚɛɨ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɱɿɬɤɿɲɨɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚ ɞɭɦɤɚ ɤɚɡɤɢ"
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɲɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȦȳȟȠțȎȒȤȭȠȖȗ ǺȖȣȎȗșȖȘȳȐ
ɍɋɃȾɉɆɉȽɃɄ ɂɇȲɄ Ƚ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɱɛɫɬɭɝʀ ɢ·ɺɝɣɝɬɺ ɭɫɣɞɩɦɩɝɣɤ ɢɧʀɤ Ƚʀɨ ɢɨɮɴɛɝɬɺ ɢ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɝ ʁɰ ɮɜɣɝɛɝ Ɂɣɭɭɺ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɠɬɭɠɫɪɨɣɧ Ɍɭɛɦɣ ɨɛɪɣɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɧʀɦɣɝɱʀɝ ɰɭɩ ɜ ɫɩɢɪɫɛɝɣɝɬɺ ɢ ɭɣɧ ɲɮɟɩɝɣɬɷɥɩɧ Ȼɦɠ ɩɰɩɲɣɰ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ³ ɬɮɬʀɟ ɥɣɝɛɝ ɨɛ ɬɮɬʀɟɛ ɜɫɛɭ ³ ɨɛ ɜɫɛɭɛ ɧɩɝɦɺɝ ɰɛɤ ɝʀɨ ɛ ɨɠ ɺ Ȳ ɩɭ ɪɫɩɲɮɝ ɪɫɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɢɧʀɺ ɨɛɤɧɩɦɩɟɳɣɤ ɜɫɛɭ ȿɝɛ ɬɭɛɫɳʀ ɧɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɨɠɬɪɩɝɨɛ ɫɩɢɮɧɮ Ȼɦɠ ɥɩɦɣ ɝʀɨ ɩɬʀɟɦɛɝ ɥɩɨɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɤ ɬɩɜʀ ɢʀɜɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɟɩɫɩ ɞɮ ɺɥɴɩ ɢɛɞɣɨɠ ɭɩ ɰɩɲ ɥɩɨɺ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɢɛɜɠɫɮɭɷ ȿɩɝɞɩ ɟɩɜɣɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩɥɣ ɨɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɝ·ʁɰɛɦɣ ɝ ɟɫʀɧɮɲɣɤ ɪɫɛɦʀɬ ȿɠɫɠɝɛ ɭɮɭ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɭɛɥʀ ɴɩ ɤ ɮɭɫɷɩɰ ʀ ɝɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɨɠ ɩɜʀɤɨɺɭɣ Ȼ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɭɩ ɭɮɭ ɭɩ ɭɛɧ ɟɠ ɦʀɭɛɝ ɢɧʀɤ ʁɰɨʀ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɭɫɩɴɠɨʀ ɨɛ ɟɫɮɢɥɣ Ɉɛɤɧɩɦɩɟɳɣɤ ɜɫɛɭ ɢɦʀɢ ɢ ɥɩɨɺ ɤ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɫɛɭɛɧ ɛ ɬɛɧ ɪɩɟɛɝɬɺ ɳɮɥɛɭɣ ɢɧʀɺ ɇɣɨɮɦɩ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣɬɷ ɭɛɧ ɲɛɬɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɝʀɨ ³ ɢɛɥɫɣɝɛɝɦɠ ɨɣɤ ɛɦɠ ɡɣɝɣɤ ³ Ɉɮ ɴɩ" ³ ɪɣɭɛɹɭɷ ɜɫɛɭɣ ³ ɍɛ ɝɜɣɝ Ȳ ɪɩɬʀɥ Ȳɟʀɭɷ ɢɛɥɩɪɛɤɭɠ ɴɩɜ ɨɠ ɬɧɠɫɟʀɝ Ȼ ɺ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɨɮ Ɋʀɳɦɣ ɬɭɛɫɳʀ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɜɩɤɩɝɣɴɠ ɟɣɝɦɺɭɷɬɺ ³ ɛɡ ɧɩɭɩɫɩɳɨɩ ʁɧ ɢɫɩ ɜɣɦɩɬɺ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɪɩɝɛɦɠɨʀ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɢɩɫɛɨɛ ɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɪɩɫɮɜɛɨʀ ɢɧʀɾɝʀ ɞɩɦɩɝɣ ɩɟɨɛ ³ ɨɛɭɫɩɾ ɟɫɮɞɛ ³ ɨɛɟɝɩɾ ɛ ɭɫɠɭɺ ³ ɱʀɦɛ ɉɭ ɱʀɦɛ ɞɩɦɩɝɛ ɤ ɩɜɢɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ³ Ɍɥɦɛɟʀɭɷ ɧɩʁ ɞɩɦɩɝɣ ɟɩɥɮɪɣ ɤ ɪɫɣɬɭɛɝɭɠ ɟɩ ɧɩɞɩ ɭɮɦɮɜɛ ɭɩ ɺ ɪɩɥɛ ɡɮ ɝɛɧ ɟɠ ɬɰɩɝɛɨʀ ɧɩʁ ɬɥɛɫɜɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɟɠɬɺɭɠɫɩ ɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɢɛ ɱɛɫɬɷɥʀ Ɍɭɛɫɳʀ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɧɠɫɴʀɤ ɢɛɰɩɟɣɦɣɬɺ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɭɣ ɢɧʀɾɝʀ ɞɩɦɩɝɣ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɬɭɛɝ ɦɺɭɣ ɟɩ ɭɮɦɮɜɛ ɂɧʀɤ ɩɡɣɝ ³ ʀ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɥɣɨɮɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ ɫɩɢɟɠɫ ʁɰ ʀ ɪɫɩ ɥɩɝɭɨɮɝ Ɉɛɤɧɩɦɩɟɳɣɤ ɜɫɛɭ ɢɧɩɫɠɨɣɤ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɬɪɛɝ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɢɤɨɜɭ ɤɚɡɤɭ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɿɣ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɱɢɫ ɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ
ȱȱ ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɣ ɜɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ ɹɤɭɫɶ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɤɚɡɤɭ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɽɦɭ ɋɜɨɸ ɤɚɡɤɭ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
§ 48.
ɉɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ
Ʌɫʀɧ ɞɫɮɪ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛɢɝɛɨɣɰ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɾ ɴɠ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣ ɥɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɺɥʀ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɹɭɷ ɺɥ ɨɠɪɩ ɰʀɟɨʀ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɺɾɧɩ ɟɝʀ ɪʀɟɞɫɮɪɣ ɪɣɭɛɦɷɨʀ ɺɥ ɟɠ ɥɮɟɣ ɢɝʀɟɥɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɟɩɥɣ ɪɩɥɣ ɝɥɛɢʀɝɨʀ ɭɛɥ ɭɮɭ ɭɛɧ ɬɥɫʀɢɷ ɝɬɹɟɣ ɭɮɟɣ ɬɹɟɣ ɢɝʀɟɭɣ ɢɝʀɟɬɣ ɭɩɟʀ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɟɩɭɣ ɟɩɬʀ Ƚʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɩɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ 467. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɡ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɡ ɹɤɢɦɢ ² ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟ ɮɿɫ ɚ ɤɨɥɢ ² ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɜɚ ɞɟɮɿɫɢ ɡɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɫɢ ɜ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɩɨɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɯ ɋɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɣɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ
Ȼɜɣɟɠ ɛɜ ɥɮɟɣ ɛɜɣ ɺɥ ɟpɥɩɦɣ ɟɠtɨɟɠ ɥɮɟɣɬɷ ɢɝʀɟɥɣɬɷ ɥɩɦɣɬɷ ɥɩɬɷ ɨʀɟɠ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨʀɺɥ ɛɨʀɭɫɩɰɣ ɛɨʀɢɝʀɟɥɣ ɐɭyɢɨɛ ɺɥ ɰɭyɢɨɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɥiɢɨɛ ɟɠ ɥiɢɨɛ ɟɩɥɣ ɜëɟɷ ɥɮɟɣ ɜëɟɷ ɥɩɦɣ ɺɥ ɨpɜɮɟɷ ɥɩɦɣ ɨpɜɮɟɷ ɚɥ ɰɩɲ ɨɠ ɰɩɲ ɨɠ ɥ ɟɠ ɨɠ ɟp ɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɥɩɦɣ
468. Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦ ɧɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɢ ɿ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɢɲɭɬɶɫɹ ɂɛɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɛɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɢɛɫɛɨɩ ɢɛɭɣɰɩ Ɋʀɬɦɺɢɛɝɭɫɛ ɪɩɢɛɝɲɩɫɛ ɪɩɢɛɭɩ ɫʀɥ Ƚʀɟɥɩɦɣ ɝʀɟɭɠɪɠɫ ɝʀɟɭɩɟʀ Ɉɛɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɨɛɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɛɦɠ ɨɛ ɢɛɝɭɫɛ ɨɛ ɢɛɝɭɫɛɳɨʀɤ ɟɠɨɷ ɨɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɨɛ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɨɛ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɮ ɩɱʀɨɥɮ
469. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɿɬɶ ɤɨɥɢ ɨɠ ɡ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɬɨɛɬɨ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɽ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɚ ɤɨɥɢ ² ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɬɨɛɬɨ ɽ ɡɚɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɸ ɱɚɫɬɤɨɸ ɋɛɢɩɧ
ɉɥɫɠɧɩ
ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɩ ɨɠɪɩɞɛɨɩ ɭɛɥ ɱɠ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩ ɨɠɟɩɝɞɩ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɭɣɬɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɠɝɛɡɥɩ
ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɩ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɨɠ ɪɩɞɛɨɩ ɨʀ ɱɠ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩ ɨɠ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɭɣɬɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɠ ɝɛɡɥɩ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɢ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɧɣ ɛɜɣ ɟɠ ɬɷ ɨʀ ɛɨʀ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɧɣ ɰɭɩɢɨɛ ɥɛɢɨɛ ɜɮɟɷ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɲɠ ɫɠɢ ɟɠɯʀɬ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɟɝɛ ɟɠɯʀɬɣ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɝɛɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɢ ɲɛɬɭ ɥɩɹ ɨɠ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ Ɋɫɠɯʀɥɬ ɢɛ ɝ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛɰ ɝɥɛɢɮɾ ɨɛ ɨɛɟɧʀɫ ɺɥɩʁɬɷ ɩɢɨɛ ɥɣ Ɋɫɠɯʀɥɬɣ ɢ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɉɥɫɠɧɩ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɦɣɳɠ ɭɩɟʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɭɣ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛ (ɨɛ ɥɩɦɣ" ɨɛ ɺɥɮ ɩɱʀɨɥɮ" ɂ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɥɩɦɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮ ɾɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɝɣɫɛɡɛɾ ɢɛɪɠɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ 470. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫ ɔɩ ɡ ɟɩ ɝʀɟ·ʁɢɟɮ ɭɩ ɱɠ ɜɮɟɠ ɭɠɡ ɨɠɢɛɜɛɫɩɧ ³ ɢɛɝɭɫɛ ɲɣ ɪʀɬɦɺɢɛɝɭɫɛ ə Ɍɧɩɦɣɲ ɋɮɳɣɦɣ ʀ ɧɛɫɠɝɩ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɢɛɟɫɣɡɛɦɩ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɮ ɺɥ ɮɲɩɫɛ ɺɥ ɪɩɢɛɝɲɩɫɛ Ɍɹɟɣ ɨʀɢɝʀɟɥʀɦɷ ɨɠ ɢɛɦɠɭɣɭɷ ɝʀɭɫɠɱɷ ʀ ɨɠ ɬɥɩɦɣɰɨɠ ɞɛɫɺɲɠ ɪɩɝʀ ɭɫɺ ɂ ɭɠɧɫɺɝɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɩɟɢɝɩɨɹɾ ɟɢɝɩɨɣɥ ɨʀɡɨɩ ɧɠɦɩɟʀɤɨɩ ɂ ɭɝ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫɛ ɐɭɩɢɨɛ ɝʀɟɥʀɦɺ ɨɠɢɫɣɧʀ ɥɫɩɨɳɨɠɪɣ ɥɮɟɣɬɷ ɦɠɭʀɦɣ ɇ ɋɣɦɷ ɬɷɥɣɤ Ƚɩɟɛ ɢɨɩɬɣɦɛ ɪɦʀɭ ʀ ɨɠɦɠɞɥɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɬɭɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɜɠɫɠɞɛ ȿʀɟɩɝʀ ɉɝɬʀɾɝʀ ɨɠ ɦɠɞɥɩ ɟɛɝɛɦɩɬɷ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɦɛɟ ʀ ɬɪɩɥʀɤ ɂ ɭɝ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ² ɡ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɦɢ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɦɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɮɿɫ
Ɋɦɣɞɛɾ ɥɛɢɨɛ ɺɥ ɛɨʀ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɨɠ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɢɛ ɧɛɦɩ ɬɭɛɫɛɾɧɩɬɺ ɮɢɺɝ ɢɝʀɟ ɥɣ ɬɷ ɦɹɟɣ ʁɟɮɭɷ ɰɭɩɢɨɛ ɥɮɟɣ ʀɟɮ ɥɮɟɣ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɹɬɺ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɝ ɭɫɛ ɪɣɬɛɝ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɧɩ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɝ ɛɜɣ ɺɥ ɝɣɝɲɣɝ ɺɥ ɨɠ ɺɥ
,, ɂ ɟɫɮɞɣɰ ɜɮɥɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɬɦʀɝ ɬɥɦɛɟʀɭɷ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨɺ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɮ ɪɠɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɠɭɛ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ɍɛɛɟʀ ´ɚɥɴɩ ɭɣ ɜɛɤɟɮɡɣɤ ɟɩ ɬɭɫɛɡɟɛɨɷ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɭɣ ɨɠ ɢɛɬɦɮɞɩ ɝɮɾɳ µ 472*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ Ɉɠ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɩ ɝɣɪɛɝ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɣɤ ɬɨʀɞ ɉ Ʌɩɪɣɦɠɨɥɩ ɂɛɧɠɭʀɦɷ ɬɦʀ ɪɣɦɛ ɩɲʀ ʀ ɨɠ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɜɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɟɩɫɩɞɣ ȼ ɐɛɫɲɮɥ Ɇɠɡɣɭɷ ɝ ɪɩɦɺɰ ɜɦɛɥɣɭɨɣɤ ɬɨʀɞ ʀ ɨɠ ɪɩɧʀɭɨɩ ɭɛɨɠ ɇ ɋɣɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ Ɉɠ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɝʀɟ ɦʀɬɮ ɛɦɠ ɟɛɦɠɲɠɨɷɥɩ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɬ ɢʀɫɝɛɝɬɺ ɢɛɾɱɷ ɉ Ʌɩɪɣɦɠɨɥɩ Ɉɠ ɦɠɞɥɩ ɝɞɛɟɮɾ ʀ ɩɥɩ ɨɠ ɬɦʀɪɠ ɲɣɧ ɝɣɤɟɮɭɷ ɮ ɡɣɭɭʀ ɭɛɥʀ ɲɣ ʀɨɳʀ ɟʀɭɣ ɇ ɋɣɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ Ɍɦɩ ɝɛ ɨɠ ɪɩ ɜɮɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɢɝɮɲɛɦɣ Ɋ ɍɣɲɣɨɛ ȿɠ ɨɠ ɟɠ ɮ ɝʀɥɨɛɰ ɬɝʀɭɦɩ ɺɨɭɛɫʀɾ Ƚ Ɍɩɬɹɫɛ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ Ⱦɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɨɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɢ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɩɨɪɹɞ Ɉɠɟɛɫɠɧɨɩ ɨɠɢɛɜɛɫɩɧ ɨɠɝɞɛɧɩɝɨɩ ɨɠɝɣɜɛɞɦɣɝɠ ɨɠɝɣɫɛɢɨɩ ɨɠɝʀɟɥɦɛɟ ɨɩ ɨɠɨɛɝɧɣɬɨɩ ɨɠɬɣɭɩ ɨɠɴɣɫɩ Ɍɣɨɩɨʀɧɣ ɨɠɝɪɣɨɨɩ ɜɠɢɮɪɣɨɨɩ ɬɥɫɩɧɨɩ ɬɪʀɳɨɩ ɨɠɞɛɤɨɩ ɨɛɞɛɦɷɨɩ ɭɠɫɧʀɨɩɝɩ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɡɠ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɩ ɥɩɨɲɠ ɟɩɥɩɨɠɲɨɩ ɨɠɬɭɫɣɧɨɩ ɢɛɡɠɫɦɣɝɩ ɨɠɧɛɫɨɩ ɨɠɟɛɫɩɧ ɨɠɲʀɭɥɩ ɫɩɢɪɦɣɝɲɛɬɭɩ ɮɟɛɝɛɨɩ ɯɛɦɷɳɣɝɩ ɨɠɪɫɣɫɩɟ ɨɩ ɩɜɦɮɟɨɩ ɦɣɱɠɧʀɫɨɩ ɨɠɰɩɭɺɲɣ ɬɥɩɫɩ
II. Ɂ ɩ¶ɹɬɶɦɚ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɡ ɩɪɟɮɿɤɫɨɦ ɨɠ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɣ ɡɚɩɢ ɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ
474. ɍɬɜɨɪɿɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɪɢ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɡ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɛɜɣ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɰɭɩɢɨɛ ɜɮɟɷ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɮɿɫ ɿ ɜɜɟɞɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɭ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚ ɧɢɦ ɿ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ ɂɫɛɨɥɮ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɛɡ ɯɛɫɥɩɭɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɬɩɨɱɺ Ƚɩɨɩ ɜɦɣɴɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɫɩɢɬɭɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɪɩɦɩɭɨɛɰ ɬɨʀɞʀɝ Ƚɩɞɥɩ ɪɩɬɝʀɲɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɞɩɦʀ ɞʀɦɥɣ ɟɠɫɠɝ ȿɠ ɨɠ ɟɠ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ʀɴɠ ɭɫɠɧɭɣɭɷ ɥɫɛɪɦɣɨɛɧɣ ɩɬʀɦɣɤ ɢɛ ɨʀɲ ʀɨʀɤ Ɋɩɲɣɨɛɾ ɥɛɪɛɭɣ ɢ ɟɛɰʀɝ Ɍɪɠɫɳɮ ɪɩɭɫɩɰɮ ɢɜɦɣɬɥɮɹɭɷ ɦɠɭɹɲʀ ɝɩɟɺɨʀ ɥɫɣɳɭɛɦɣɥɣ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɮɬɠ ɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɝɠɬɠɦʀ ɳɠ ɨʀɜɣ ɥɩɡɨɛ ɥɫɛɪɦɺ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɣɬɥɩɫɣɭɣ ɪɫɣɰʀɟ ɝɠɬɨɣ ɉɭɮɭ ɪʀɟ ɥɮɴɛɧɣ ɬɨʀɞ ɫɩɢɭɛɨɮɝ ɦɣɳɠ ɢɝɠɫɰɮ ɛ ɢɜɩɥɮ ɝʀɟ ɬɛɧɩʁ ɬɭɠɡɥɣ ɩɪɛɝ ɟɩɨɣɢɮ ɤ ɨɛ ɢɫʀɢʀ ɢɛɧɠɭɮ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɠɡɣɭɣ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɰɮɫɟɠɦɣɱɷ ɝʀɺɦɩ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɓɛɫ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɝɨɣɢɮ ɨɛɤɞɫɮɜʀɳɣɤ ³ ɩɭɡɠ ɱɺ ɰɮɫɟɠɦɣɱɺ ɝʀɺɦɛ ɨɛɤ ɟɩɝɳɠ ɨɛɧɠɦɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɲɩɫɨɛ ɬɧɮɡɥɛ ɪɣɦɮ ɤ ɥʀɪɭɺɝɣ ³ ɩɭɡɠ ɬɭɩɺɦɛ ɞɛɫɨɛ ɪɩɞɩɟɛ ɨɠ ɝʀɺɦɩ ɤ ɨɠ ɧɠɦɩ« Ɍɪɮɬɥɛɾɳɬɺ ɟɩɨɣɢɮ ɤɟɠɳ ɪɩ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɩ ɝɞɫɮɢɛɾɳ Ɍɦʀɟɣ ɧɠɫɠɰɭɺɭɷ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɢɠɫɨɣɨɛɧɣ ɲɣɬɭɩɞɩ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɛ ɬɪʀɟɬɪɩɟɮ ɨɛɜɫɺɥɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɉɭɛɥ ʀɟɠɳ ʀ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɾɳ ɺɥ ɝʀɟ ɭɩɞɩ ɢɧɩɥɫʀɦɩɞɩ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɪɫɣɞɫʀɭɩɞɩ ɬɩɨɱɠɧ ɪʀɟʀɤɧɛɾɭɷ ɬɺ ɝɞɩɫɮ ɪɫɩɨɣɢɦɣɝɣɤ ɰɩɦɩɟɩɥ« Ɏ ɪɩɬɛɟɱʀ ɟɠ ɫɩɬɭɮɭɷ ɛɥɛɱʀɺ ɥɦɠɨ ʀ ɞɫɛɜ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɨɛɤɝɣ ɴɠ Ƚʀɨ ɭɮɭ ɪɮɰɥɣɤ ɫɩɢɬɣɪɲɛɬɭɣɤ ʀ ɺɥɩɬɷ ɛɡ ɪɩ ʀɨɳɩɧɮ ɪɛɰɨɠ ɉɜʀɲ ɪɩɬɛɟɥɣ ɝɣɟɨɩ ɨɛ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɲɩɫɨɠ ɱɺɭɥɩɝɣɨɨɺ ɞɫɛɥʀɝ Ɋʀɟɰɩɟɣɳ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɮɬɠ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ɤ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ɛ ɝɩɨɣ ɤ ɨɠ ɟɮɧɛɹɭɷ ɢɦʀɭɛɭɣ ȿɣɝɨɩ ɤ ɲɩɧɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɭɛɥʀ ɰɩɫɩɜɫʀ" Ʉ ɲɩɧɮ ɪɩɬɮɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɩ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɥɩɦɩɧ ɛ ɪɩɬɠɫpɟɣɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɦɹɹɲɣɬɷ ʀɢ ɥɫɣɦɛ ɨɛ ɥɫɣɦɩ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɬɮɨɠ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɲɩɫɨɣɤ ɞɫɛɥ" ɂɛ Ȱ Ⱦɮɱɛɦɩɧ
ȱȱ ɉɪɢɝɥɹɧɶɬɟɫɹ ɹɤɢɣ ɜɢɝɥɹɞ ɦɚɽ ɫɧɿɝ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɦɿɫɰɹɯ ɿ ɨɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ ɇɟ ɨɛɦɢ ɧɿɬɶ ɿ ɫɥɿɞɿɜ ɧɚ ɫɧɿɝɭ ɿ ɫɬɟɛɥɢɧ ɳɨ ɞɟ ɧɟ ɞɟ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɚɸɬɶ ɿɡ ɩɿɞ ɧɶɨɝɨ
Ɍɥɦɛɟɨʀ ʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨʀ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ
476. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ȼɮɟɷ ɴɩ ɜɮɟɠ ɝɣɫɛɡɛɾ ɫʀɳɮɲʀɬɭɷ ɮ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɨʀ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ ɺɥɩɬɷ ɭɩ ɝɩɨɩ ɜɮɟɠ ɝɬɠ ɝɦɛɳɭɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɠɟɛɫɩɧ ɰɦʀɜ ʁɬɭɣ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɣɭɣ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɷ ɨɠɨɛɟɩɝɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɠ ɨɠɟɩɝɞɩ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɛɾ ɭɛɥɠ ɨɛɝɛɨɭɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɩɟɣɨ ɝʀɟ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɨɠɟɛ ɦɠɥɩ ɝʀɟɜʀɞ ɩɜɣɟɝɛ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝʀ ɨɠɬɪɩɝɨɛ ɫɩɢɮɧɮ ɫɩɢɮɧɩɝɩ ɩɜɧɠɡɠɨɣɤ ɨʀ ɭɮɟɣ ɨʀ ɬɹɟɣ ɨʀɥɮɟɣ ɛ ɭɛɧ ɰɩɲ ɨɠ ɫɩɢɝɣɟɨɺɤɬɺ ɜɛɤɟɮɡɠ
§ 49.
ɋɤɥɚɞɧɿ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɟɧɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ
ɒɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɨɨɺɧ ɩɬɨɩɝ ɚɥɴɩ ɭɛɥʀ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɛɜɩ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɟɠɯʀɬ ɭɩ ʁɰ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɣɧɣ ɛ ɺɥɴɩ ʁɰɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ ɭɩ ʁɰ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɧɣ 477. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɜɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɶ ɜɨɧɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ Ɂɪɨ ɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɹɤ ɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɬɚɤɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ
ȼɩɬyɨʀɡ ɝɫʀɢɨyɜʀɲ ɦʀɝyɫɮɲ ɪɫɛɝyɫɮɲ ɝɩɟɨyɲɛɬ ɪɩɝɬɺɥɲɛɬ ɬɪɩɥɩɨɝʀɥɮ ɨɛɬiɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɳɝɣɟɥɮɫɮɲ ɲɣɧɬɥɩɫʀɳ ɲɣɧɟɛɦʀ ɲɣɧɟɮɡ ɲɣɧɫɛɢ ɺɥɫɛɢ Ƚɣɨɺɭɥɣ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝɬɠ ɩɟɨɩ ɝɬɠ ɫʀɝɨɩ
478. Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɹɤ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɡɦɿɧɧɿ ɱɢ ɧɟɡɦɿɧɧɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɨɜɬɨ ɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɿɣ ɱɢ ɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɚɯ ɰɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɫɬɨɹɬɶ Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫ Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɰɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ
ɋɛɨɩ ɝɫɛɨɱʀ ɦɠɟɝɠ ɦɠɟɝɠ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɟɛɝɨɣɧ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɢɫɩɟɮ ɝʀɥɮ ɪɩ ɝʀɥ ɝʀɥʀɝ ɝɫɠɳɭʀ ɫɠɳɭ ɭɣɳɥɩɧ ɨɣɳɥɩɧ ɬɺɥ ɭɛɥ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɞɮɬɭɩ ɞɠɭɷ ɲɣɬɭɩ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɧɠɨɳ ɝɣɟɣɧɩ ɨɠɝɣɟɣɧɩ
479. Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɹɤ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɡɦɿɧɧɿ ɱɢ ɧɟɡɦɿɧɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɦɨɜɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɿɣ ɱɢ ɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɚɯ ɰɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɫɬɨɹɬɶ Ɂɪɨ ɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ʀɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫ Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɰɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ
Ƚʀɲ ɨi ɝʀɲ ɪɦʀɲ y ɪɦʀɲ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɨi ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɜɮɟɷ ɴɩ ɜɮɟɷ ɢ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɟɛ ɝɠɨ ɢ ɟʀɟɛ ɪɫɛɟʀɟɛ ɜɠɢ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɥɫɛɹ ɨɠ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɢɛɝɭɫɛ ɛɦɠ ɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɮɬɹɟ Ʌʀɨɠɱɷ ɥʀɨɱɠɧ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɩɟɨɩ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɟ ɲɛɬɮ ɫɛɢ ɢɛ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɫɛɢ ɮ ɫɛɢ ɟɠɨɷ ɪɫɣ ɟɨʀ ɢ ɟɨɺ ɨɛ ɟɠɨɷ ɟɠɨɷ ɮ ɟɠɨɷ ɫʀɥ ɮ ɫʀɥ ɰɝɣɦɣɨɛ ɝ ɰɝɣɦɣɨɮ ɨɩɞɛ ɝ ɨɩɞɮ ɢ ɜɩɥɮ ɨi ɜʀɥ ɢ ɫɩɟɮ ɝ ɫʀɟ ɢ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɝ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ ɩɟɣɨ ɨɛ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɣɨ ɝ ɩɟɣɨ ɬɛɧ ɨɛ ɬɛɧ ɬɛɧ ɬɛɧɩɭɩɹ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
Ɍɥɦɛɟɨʀ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɪʀɟɫɺɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝɩɬɪɩɦɮ ɲɠɨɷ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɬɦɩɝɩɧ ɚɥɴɩ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺɧ ɨɠɢɧʀɨɨɣɰ ɬɦʀɝ ɢ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɣɧ ɲɣ ɪɫɩɭɣɦɠɡɨɣɧ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɭɩ ʁɰ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɟɠ ɯʀɬ ɚɥɴɩ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺɧ ɢɧʀɨɨɣɰ ɬɦʀɝ ɭɩ ɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɴɩ ɬɭɩɺɭɷ ɝ ɩɟɨʀɤ ɯɩɫɧʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɮ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɟɠ ɯʀɬ ɜ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɴɩ ɬɭɩɺɭɷ ɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɯɩɫɧɛɰ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɛɰ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ 480. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫ Ɏ ɪɩɫɩɡɨʀɰ ɦɛɬɭʀɝ·ʁɨɣɰ ɞɨʀɢɟɛɰ ɭɣɰɩ ɭɣɰɩ Ȱ Ⱦɮɱɛɦɩ Ƚɣɬɩɥɩ ɝɣɬɩ ɥɩ ɪʀɟ ɨɠɜɩɧ ɝɠɲʀɫɨʀɧ ɪɫɩɦʀɭɛɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɧ ɭɛɜɮɨɩɧ ɟɣɥʀ ɞɮɬɣ ɮ ɪɦɛɝɨʀ ɨɛ ɨʀɲ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɋɛɨɩ ɪɩɫɛɨɠɨɷɥɮ ɺɬɨɠ ɬɩɨɠɲɥɩ ɬɰɩɟɣɦɩ Ɋ ɍɣ ɲɣɨɛ Ȳɳɩɝ ɢɛɰɩɡɣɤ ɭɣɰɩ ɨɩɞɛ ɢɛ ɨɩɞɩɹ ɤ ɫɩɢɟɣɝɦɺɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɬʀ ɜɩɥɣ Ɋɛ ɨɛɬ ɇɣɫɨɣɤ ɚ ɨɛɲɠ ɬɛɧɠ ɴɛɬɭɺ ɰɛɪɛɹ ɲɩɜɩɭɣ ɨɛɳɝɣɟɥɮɫɮɲ ɨɛɝɬɭɩɺɲ ɥɣ ɨɛɧɩɭɮɹ ɩɨɮɲʀ ʀ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɰɝɣɦɣɨɮ ɬɭɛɹ ɥɩɢɛɥɩɧ ɢɛɝɢɺɭɱɠɧ ɇ Ɍɭɠɦɷɧɛɰ Ɍɣɲʀ ɝ ɞɛɹ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɣɥɛɦɣɬɷ ɭɛ ɺɬɠɨ ɫɛɢ ɮ ɫɛɢ ɬɥɫɣɪʀɝ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ Ƚɬɠ ɩɟɨɩ ɴɩ ɜ ɨɠ ɬɭɛɦɩɬɷ ɧɣ ɨɠ ɫɩɢɦɮɲɣɧɩɬɷ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ
481. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɋɛɨɩ ɝɫɛɨɱʀ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɩ ɢɛɜɫɣɨɣɭɷ ɬɝʀɭɛɨɩɥ ɮ ɝʀɥɨʀ ɺ ɝɡɠ ɨɛ ɨɩɞɛɰ Ɉɛɳɝɣɟɥɮɫɮɲ ɞɩɭɮɹ ɬɨʀɟɛɨɩɥ ³ ɥɛɫɭɩɪɦɺ ɝ ɥɩɡɮɳɥɮ ɲɛɬɨɣɥ ɩɥɫɛɾɱɷ ɰɦʀ ɜɛ ɢ ɧɩɦɩɥɩɧ ³ ʀ ɝɡɠ ɝ ɬɭɠɪɮ ɚ ³ ɾɞɠɫ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɺɹ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɨʀ ɮɞʀɟɟɺ ɝʀɟ ɜɫɛɥɩɨɷɾɫʀɝ ɬɭɠɡɮ ɢɛ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɧ ɛ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɹ ɲɣɧ ɧɩɡɮ ɪɭɛɰɛɧ ʀ ɢɝʀɫɛɧ ɉɬɷ ʀ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɮ ɫɹɥɢɛɥɮ ɢɛ ɬɪɣɨɩɹ ɝ ɧɠɨɠ ³ ɟɩɜɫɣɤ ɪɮɟ ´ɧʀɳɛɨɥɣµ ɝʀɝɬɛ ɢ ɺɲɧɠɨɠɧ ɚ ɫɩɢɬɣɪɛɹ ʁʁ ɳɛɫɩɧ ɢ ɟɩɦɩɨɹ ɢɛɝɞɫɮɜɳɥɣ ɮ ɢɛɭɣɳɥɮ ɢɛ ɥɩɪɣɱɺɧɣ ɬʀɨɛ ɛɜɩ ɡ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɣɰ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɰ ɬɭɠɪɮ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɩɟɮ ɝɛɾ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɍɮɭ ɞɩɟɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɦɠɲɠ ɟɩ ɪɦɠɲɛ ɢɛɤɱʀ ɤ ɬʀɫʀ ɥɮɫʀɪɥɣ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɨɛɝʀɟɮ ɹɭɷɬɺ ɥɩɬɮɦʀ Ƚ Ɍɠɝɛɬɭɷɺɨɩɝ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɮɿɫ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɱɢ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɦɚ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ
ɂ ɨʀɲɠɝ·ɺ ɨɠ ɬɛɧɩ ɰʀɭɷ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ ɥʀɨɱɠɧ ɝɬɠ ɩɟɨɩ ʁɡɛɥɮɝɛɭɩ ɞɩɬɭɫɩ ɝɣɟɣ ɧɩ ɨɠɝɣɟɣɧɩ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɢ ɜɩɥɮ ɨɛ ɜʀɥ ɮ ɧɣɭɷ ɬɭɣɰɛ ɪɩɧɛɦɠɨɷɥɮ ɫɛɢ ɮ ɫɛɢ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɬɭɮɥ ɞɫɹɥ ɬɺɥ ɭɛɥ ɫʀɥ ɮ ɫʀɥ ɨɛ ɳɝɣɟɥɮ ɫɮɲ
II. ɍ ɤɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɭ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɛɭɤɜɭ Ɂ ɰɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɩɪɨɱɢ ɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ´ȼɠɢ ɪɫɛɱʀ«µ
Ɍɥɦɛɟɨʀ ʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨʀ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ
483. Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɉɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ
ɍɣɰɩ ɭɣɰɩ ɢɛɢɝɮɲɛɝ ɞɩɦɩɬ ɟɠɟɛɦʀ ɝɬɠ ɟɮɡɲɛɹɲɣ ɭɛ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɮɞɩɫɮ Ɋɛɨɛɬ ɇɣɫɨɣɤ Ɋɩɡɩɝɥɦɣ ɬɭɠɫɨʀ ɨɛ ɪɩɦɺɰ ʀ ɞɣɨɠ ɬɦʀɟ ɪɩ ɡɮɫɛɝɦɺɰ ɞɠɨ ɞɠɨ ɝ ɟɛɦɠɲɣɨʀ ȼ Ɇɠɪɥɣɤ Ɏ ɨɠɟʀɦɹ ɝɫɛɨɱʀ ɫɛɨɩ ɪɩɦɠ ɥɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɭɮɧɛɨɩɧ Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ɪɦɣɝɠ ɩɞɦɺɟɛɭɣ ʀ ɨɠɜɩ ʀ ɢɩɫʀ ʀ ɢɠɧɦɹ ʀ ɧɩɫɠ ɂ ɭɝ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɛ ɋɛɢ ɮ ɫɛɢ ɟɩɫɩɞɮ ɢɛɞɩɫɩɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɜɮɫɠɦɩɧ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ Ƚ ɧɛ ɦɠɨɷɥʀɤ ɥʀɧɨɛɭɱʀ ɲɣɧɟɛɦʀ ɬɭɛɾ ɞɮɲɨʀɳɠ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɝɛɞɛɨɷ ɭɛ ɱɠɫɠɧɩɨʀɤ ɮɲɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɝɠɲɩɫɛ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ ɥʀɨɱɠɧ ɫɩɢɬʀɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ
Ɍɛɟɣɜɛ ɧɮɢɠɤ Ɋɛɨɛɬɛ ɇɣɫɨɩɞɩ ɧ Ɋɩɦɭɛɝɛ
484*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ ɇɩɥɫɣɤ ɟɠ ɨɠ ɟɠ ɪɩɟɩɝɜɛɨɣɤ ɬɨɛɫɺɟɛɧɣ ɛɬɯɛɦɷɭ ɭɷɧɺɨɩ ɝɣɦɣɬɥɮɾ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɭɮɧɛɨɨɣɤ ɬɭɠɪ Ʌɩɢɛɥɩɝ ɴɩɟɮɰɮ ɧɲɛɝ ɮ ɨɣɢ ɪɩ ɳɩɬɠ ɝ ɲɠɫɝɩɨʀɤ ɪɩɡɠɡɨʀɤ ɧɛɳɣɨʀ ɒɠɫɨɣɳ ɨɠ ɧʀɞ ɬɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɴɩɜ ɫɛɢ ɮ ɫɛɢ ɨɠ ɝɣ ɞɦɺɟɛɭɣ ɢɛ ɨɛɬɣɪ ȼʀɤɱʀ ɩɟɣɨ ɪɩ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɜɠɢɳɮɧɨɩ ɪɫɩɬɦɣɢɛɦɣ ɝ ɲɩɫɨɮ ɝɣɫɝɮ ɭɣɦɩɝɣɰ ɟɝɠɫɠɤ ɏɫɩɨɭɩɝɣɥ ɴɩɟɨɺ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢʀ ɬɧɠɫɭɹ ɝʀɲ ɨɛ ɝʀɲ ɂ ɭɝ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫɛ
485. Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɫɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɳɨ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɜɚ ɞɟɮɿɫɢ ʀɯ ɦɚɽ ɛɭɬɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɲɟ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ
486. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤ ɨɛɭɴɠɬɠɫɱɠ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɜɿɞ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɛ ɭɩɴɠ ɬɠɫɱɠ ɬɨɛɬɨ ɨɛ ɪɩɫɩɡɨɹ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɮ ɧɛɜɮɭɷ — ɜɿɞ ɧɛɾ ɜɮɭɣ. ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɜɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɶ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɩɜɛɜʀɲ ɝɫʀɢɨɩɜʀɲ ɪɫɛɝɩɫɮɲ ɩɜʀɫɮɲ ɨɛɳɝɣɟɥɮɫɮɲ ɜɩɬɩɨʀɡ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ. 487. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɢɰɸ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ ɣ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɧɣɧɩɰʀɭɷ ɿ ɧɣɧɩɰʀɟɷ. Ƚɛɡɥʀ ɪɩɝʀɥɣ ɧɣɧɩɰʀɭɷ ɬɪɮɬɥɛɦɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɝʀɲʀ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɇɣ ɧɩɰʀɟɷ ɢɛɞɦɺɨɮɝɳɣ ɝ ɥɮɢɩɝ ɇɛɫɣɨɛ ɢɛɲɠɫɪɨɮɦɛ ɢɝʀɟɭɣ ɢɠɫɨɛ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ ɋɛɰɮɹ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɝʀɦɷɨʀ ɭɫɛɝɨʀ ɨɠ ɧɣɧɩɰʀɟɷ ɛ ɧɣɧɩɰʀɭɷ ɇ ȿɩɦɠɨɞɩ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚ ɧɢɦ ɉɨɦɢɥɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ
ɐɩɲ ʀ ɢɛɪʀɢɨɩ ɝɲɩɫɛ ɦʀɞ ɬɪɛɭɣ ɪɫɩɥɣɨɮɝɬɺ ɴɠ ɝɟɩɬɝʀɭɛ Ɉɛɬɭɫʀɤ ³ ɬɝɺɭ ɥɩɝɣɤ ɪʀɟɨɠɬɠɨɣɤ ɔɠ ɜ ɪɛɥ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɟɠɨɷ Ɉɩɝɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ȿɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɺ ɪʀɟɞɩ ɭɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɢɛɢɟɛɦɠɞʀɟɷ ³ ɬɰɩɟɣɝ ɟɩ ɦʀɬɮ ɩɟɳɮɥɛɝ ɮ ɞɮɴɛɝɣɨʀ ɥɮɲɠɫɺɝɮ ɬɩɬɩɨ ɥɮ Ȳ ɩɬɷ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨɛ ɪɛɪɠɫɩɝɣɧɣ ɱɺɱɷɥɛɧɣ ɦʀɬɩɝɣɧɣ ɞɩɫʀɳɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɱɮɥɠɫɥɛɧɣ ɥɫɛɬɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɜʀɦɺ ɪɩɥɮɭɭɺ Ɉɠɪɩɟɛɦʀɥ ʀ ɥɮɜɠɦɷɱɠ ɢ ɪɛɰɮɲɩɞɩ ɬʀɨɛ ɛ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɞɩɫɴɣɥ ɢ ɥɮɭɠɹ ɂɦɛɡɮ ɢ ɪɠɲʀ ɰɮɭɠɨɷɥɩ ɝɧɣɝɛɹɬɷ ʀ ɢɩɟɺɞɨɮɝɳɣ ɪɫɛɢɨɣɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɥɩɬɭɹɧɲɣ ɥɛ ɬʀɟɛɹ ɜʀɦɺ ɝʀɥɨɛ« Ʌɫʀɢɷ ɫʀɟɥʀ ɦɛɬɣɱʀ ɺɥʀ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɹɭɷ ɝʀɢɠɫɮɨɲɛɭɠ ɧɠɫɠɡɣɝɩ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɪɩɫɩɢɧɛ ɦɷɩɝɮɝɛɝ ɨɛ ɝʀɥɨɛɰ ɧɩɫɩɢɠɱɷ ɥɫɛɟɠɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɬɝʀɭɩɥ ɇɠɨʀ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɝɣɟɥɩ ɪɫɣɪɩ ɫɩɳɠɨʀ ʀɨɠɾɧ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɝ ɬɛɟɥɮ Ɍɭɫɮɨɥʀ ɭɛɦʀʁ ɺɜɦɮɨɷ ɭɛ ɞɫɮɳ ɩɜɪɠɫɠɢɛɨʀ ɡɣɭ ɨʀɧɣ ɪɠɫɠɝpɬɦɛɧɣ ȳɰ ɧɣ ɝɲɩɫɛ ɢ ɭɛɭɩɧ ɪɩɪʀɟɝ·ɺɢɮɝɛɦɣ ɴɩɜ ɴɠɟɫɩ ɝɫɩɟɣɦɛ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɬɛɟɩɝɣɨi ɑɠɤ ɢɝɣɲɛɤ ʀɬɨɮɾ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɢɟɛɝɨɛ Ɉɛɫɛɢ ɜɛɲɮ ɺɥ ɨɛɳɩɹ ɝɮɦɣɲɥɩɹ ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɫɮɰɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɲɣɺɬɷ ɪɩɬɭɛɭɷ Ɋɫɣ ɪɛɟɛɹ ɟɩ ɳɣɜɥɣ ʀ ɝɪʀɢɨɛɹ ɟʀɟɛ ɍɛɫɛɬɛ Ɍɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɦʀɴɣɨɩɝɮ ɥɛɫɦɹɲ ɥɮ ɝʀɨ ɨɠɥɝɛɪɩɧ ɪɫɩɳɥɮɾ ɟɩ ɰɛɭɣ Ƚɡɠ ɢɟɛɦɠɥɮ ɜɛɲɮ ɴɩ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɟʀɟɮɬɷ ɮ ɟɩɜɫɩɧɮ ɞɮɧɩɫʀ ɉɨɟɠ ɞʀɦɩɲɥɮ ɩɜɟɣɝɣɝɬɺ ³ ɪɠɝɨɩ ɱʀɥɛɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛɝ·ɺɢɛɦɩɬɷ ɜɫɮɨɷyɥ ɨɛ ɛɨɭɩɨʀɝɱʀ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɞɦɺɨɮɝ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɳɭɛɰɠɭɣɨɮ ɨɛ ɝɮɦɣɥɣ ȼɟɡɩɦɣ ɟɦɺ ɨɷɩɞɩ ³ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɛ ɫɛɟʀɬɭɷ Ɋɫɩ ɴɩ ɜ ɨɠ ɜɛɦɛɥɛɝ ɛ ɨɠɩɟɧʀɨɨɩ ɢɞɛɟɛɾ ȼɩɡɮ ɥɩɧɛɳɥɮ ɂɛ Ƚ Ɍɥɮɫɛɭʀɝɬɷɥɣɧ
ȱȱ ɇɚ ɭɪɨɰɿ ɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɿɥɿɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɢɦ ɹɤ ɜɢ ɝɨɬɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɡɭɫɬɪɿɱɿ ɇɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ ɹɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɰɟɣ ɫɜɹɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɨ ɳɨ ɦɪɿɹɥɢ
Ɉɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɣ ɭɛ ʀ ɝ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɣ ɭɛ ʀ
489. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɤɪɢɥɚɬɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɂɛɝɡɟɣ ɮɲɠɨɷ ɭɛɥ Ȳ ɏɫɛɨɥɩ ɨɛɢɝɛɝ ɢɜʀɫɥɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɩɠɢʀɤ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɢɧʀɨɣɝ ɳɣ ɝɣɬɦʀɝ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɠɭɛ ɇɛɫɱʀɛɦɛ ´ɐɩɫɩɳɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ³ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɮɲɠɨɷµ Ʌɫɛɴɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɨɛ ɬɠɦʀ ɨʀɡ ɟɫɮɞɣɧ ɮ ɋɣɧʀ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɠɱɷ ɑɠɢɛɫ ɪɫɩʁɡɟɡɛɹɲɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɺɥɠɬɷ ɮɜɩɞɠ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥɠ ɧʀɬɭɠɲɥɩ Ɉɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɟɝʀɲʀ ɮɝʀɤɭɣ ɝ ɭɮ ɬɛɧɮ ɫʀɲɥɮ ɭɛɥ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɫɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯ Ⱦɠ ɫɛɥɦʀɭ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɣɝɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɮ ɧʀɨɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɬɝʀɭɮ
§ 50.
ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɣ ɬɚ ʀ ɜ ɤɿɧɰɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ
490. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɹɤɭ ɛɭɤɜɭ ² ɣ ɱɢ ʀ — ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɭ ɤɿɧɰɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɞ ɥ ɰ, ɿ ɫɮɨɪ ɦɭɥɸɣɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ
Ɉɛɝɥɫɮɞɣ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɝɠɫɰɣ ɪɩɥɣ ɪʀɳɥɣ ɫɛɲɥɣ ɱɛɪɥɣ ɬɛɧɩɭɮɡɥɣ ɪɩɳɠɪ ɥɣ ɨɛɝɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɥɣ ɢɛɝɝɣɳɥɣ ɨɛɪɩɧɛɱɥɣ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɝʀɟɥɣ ɛɦɠ ɢɝʀɟɥʀɦɷ ɢɝʀɟɥʀɦɺ ɪɩ ɭɩɝɛɫɣɬɷɥɣ ɪɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣ
491. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɤɨɥɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɲɢɩɥɹɱɢɯ ɲ ɿ ɡ ɜ ɤɿɧɰɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɣ, ɚ ɤɨɥɢ ² ʀ ɋɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɣɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ
Ɋɩ ɢɛɺɲɣ ɪɩ ɝɩɝɲɣ ɪɩ ɝɠɟɧɠɡɣ ɦɠɡɛɲɣ ɬɭɩɺɲɣ ɨɠɰɩɭɺɲɣ ȿɝʀɲʀ ɭɫɣɲʀ ɮɟɝʀɲʀ ɪɩɭɫɣɲʀ ɝɨɩɲʀ ɪɩɨɩɲʀ ɪɩɢɛɩɲʀ ɨɛɬɭɩɫɩɡʀ
492. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣɬɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɣ ɬɚ ʀ ɜ ɤɿɧɰɿ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɜ ɤɿɧɰɿ ɨɞɧɨɡɜɭɱɧɢɯ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɡ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ Ȳɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɢ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ
ɢ ɞɩɫɣ ³ ɮ ɞɩɫʀ ɟɩ ɥɮɪɣ ³ ɮ ɥɮɪʀ ɢ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ ³ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɝ ɩɬɠɨʀ ɜɠɢ ɝʀɬɭʀ ɪɩ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ
ɢɞɩɫɣ ³ ɮɞɩɫʀ ɟɩɥɮɪɣ ³ ɮɥɮɪʀ ɢɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ ³ ɮɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɝɩɬɠɨɣ ɜpɢɝʀɬɭɣ ɪɩɲiɬɭɣ
Ɏ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɞ ɥ ɰ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɜɮɥɝɮ ɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɲ ʀ ɡ ɜɮɥɝɮ ɣ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɦɣɳɠ ɝ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɭɣɪɮ ɪɩ ɝɩɝɲɣ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɢ ɬɮɯʀɥɬɩɧ ɛɲɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɟʀɾ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ Ɏ ɫɠɳɭʀ ɝɣɪɛɟɥʀɝ ɮ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɲ ʀ ɡ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɜɮɥɝɮ ʀ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
Ɏ ɥʀɨɱʀ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɜɮɥɝɣ ɣ ɭɛ ʀ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɭɛɥ ɬɛɧɩ ɺɥ ɮ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɩɝɣɰ ɯɩɫɧɛɰ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩɧ ɝɩɬɠɨɣ ɜɠɢɝʀɬɭɣ ɪɩɲɛɬɭɣ 493. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɣ ɬɚ ʀ ɜ ɤɿɧɰɿ ʀɯ Ƚʀɭɠɫ ɜɠɢɝʀɬɭɣ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɩɟɨɩɬɣɭɷ Ɍ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɲɠɨɥɩ ɍɫɣɲʀ ɥɫɣɞɛ ɢɛɧɠɫ ɢɛɦɛ ɭɫɣɲʀ ɫɩɢɭɛɝɛɦɛ ɭɫɣɲʀ ɨɛɤɧɣɲɥɮ ɮ Ʌɣʁɝ Ʌɛɭɫɺ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɛɦɛ ɉɟɣɨ ɬɩɜʀ ɨɛɝʀɥ ɝʀɥɣ ɝ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɢɛɨɩɲɮɹ ɂ ɭɝ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɛ Ɉɛɝɥɫɮɞɣ ɲɩɫɨʀɦɩ ɢɩɫɛɨɠ ɪɩɦɠ ɛ ɢɞɩɫɣ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɺɱɺ ɦɣɦɩɬɷ ɜɦɛɥɣɭɨɠ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɠ ɬɺɤɝɩ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɋɛɪɭɩɧ ɪʀɬɨɺ ɲɮɟɩɝɛ ɞɠɭɷ ɞɠɭɷ ɨɛɝɥɫɮɞɣ ɢɛɦɮɨɛɦɛ ȿɝʀɲʀ ɨɛ ɫʀɥ ɪɣɳɨʀ ɥɝʀɭɣ ɭɛ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɱɝʀɭɛɹɭɷ ɝ ɡɣɭɭʀ ɦʀɭɛ ɨɛɤɥɫɛɴʀʁ ɟɝʀɲʀ ɨɠ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɂ ɭɝ Ɇɠɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɣ
494*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɛɭɤɜɢ ɣ ɚɛɨ ʀ. Ƚɩɬɠɨ ʀ ɥɮɫɲɛɭɛ ɥɮɫɧɣ ɜɮɟɮɭɷ Ƚʀɟɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɦɣɰɩ ɪʀɳɥ ɛ ɪɫɣʁɢɟɣɭɷ ɝɠɫɰ Ɇɣɰɩ ɟɩ ɨɛɬ ɜʀɞɩɧ ɜʀɡɣɭɷ ɛ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɬ ɨɛɝɥɛɫɛɲɥ ɦʀɢɠ ȿɝʀɲ ɢ ɨɠ ɪɫɛɝɟɩɹ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɤɟɠɳ Ƚɨɩɲ ɝɬʀ ɥɩɭɣ ɲɩɫɨʀ ɛ ɥɩɫɩɝɣ ɬʀɫʀ
495. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɣ ɜɿɞɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɣ ɬɚ ʀ ɜ ɤɿɧɰɿ ʀɯ Ɂɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ Ƚɨɩɲʀ ɬɪɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɛ ɝɫɛɨɱʀ ɭʀɥɛɾ ɔɩ ɢɛ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɠɱɷ ɬɛɧ ɬɣɟɣɭɷ ɝɠɫɰɣ ɛ ɨɩɞɣ ɢɛ ɝɮɰɛɧɣ" ɚɥʀ ɨɩɞɣ ɢɛɝɝɣɳɥɣ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɨʀɬ ɢɛɝɟɩɝɡɥɣ ɰɛɭɮ ɨɛ ɰɛɭʀ ɧɛɾ ɡɛɜɛɧ ɫɛɰɮɨɩɥ ɢɨɛɾ ȿɝʀɲʀ ɫɩɟɣɭɷɬɺ ɛ ɫɛɢ ɮɧɣɫɛɾ Ʌɫɮɞ ɦɠɨɷɥɠ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥɠ ɝɪɛɟɠ ɢɞɩɫɣ ³ ɨɠ ɟɢɠɨɷɥɨɠ ɛ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɪʀɟɬɥɩɲɣɭɷ Ƚʀɟɞɛɟɥɣ ɦɠɦɠɥɛ ɧ·ɺɲ ɩɥɮɦɺɫɣ ɫɩɬɛ ɪɭɛɰ
496. Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ əɤɢɦɢ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɣ ɞɿɽɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ ɧɢɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɡɜɨɪɨɬɚɦɢ ʀɯ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢ"
Ɉɛɝɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɥɣ ɨɛɝɪɠɫɠɞyɨɥɣ ɨɛɝɪɩɧɛɱɥɣ ɨɛɝɪɫɩɳɥɣ ɨɛɝɪɫɺɧɥɣ ɨɛɝɦɠɡɛɲɥɣ ɨɛɝɬɣɟɺɲɥɣ ɨɛɝɬɭɩɺɲɥɣ ɨɛɝɪɫɣɬɺɟɥɣ ɨɛɝɳɪɣɨɷɥɣ ɨɛɝɥɩ ɦʀɳɥɣ ɨɛɝɥɛɫɛɲɥɣ ɨɛɝɝɣɧɛɳɥɣ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡ ɛɭɤɜɨɸ ʀ ɜ ɤɿɧɰɿ ɡ ɛɭɤɜɨɸ ɣ ɜ ɤɿɧɰɿ ɉɪʀɝɨɩɲ ɪɩɢɛɩɲ ɩɬɣɥ ɬɪɛɦɛɰ ɥɦɛɝʀɳ ɪɩ ɟɝʀɲ ɭɫɩɰ ɬɝʀɲ ɨɛɝ ɥɫɮɞ ɢɝʀɟɥ ɦɣɡ ɝɨɩɲ ɬɣɟɺɲ ɟʀɾɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɨɛɬɭɩɫɩɡ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɭ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ɞɚɜɧɶɨɝɪɟɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɚ ɉɥɚɬɨɧɚ ´ȿɩɜɫɣɤ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ³ µ
Ɉɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɣ ɭɛ ʀ ɝ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɣ ɭɛ ʀ
498. Ⱦɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɨɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɢ ɣ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɩɨɪɹɞ Ɉɛɝɪɫɩɬɭɠɱɷ ɨɛɝɪɠɫɠɞɩɨɣ ɨɛɳɝɣɟɥɮ ɩɰɩɲɠ ɞɩɫʀɦɣɱɷ ɥɫɛɟɷɥɩɧɛ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ Ɍɣɨɩɨʀɧɣ ɨɛɝɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɥɣ ɨɛɝɪɫɩɳɥɣ ɨɛɝɥɫɮɞɣ ɨɛɝɢɨɛɥ ɨɛɝɢɨɛɥɣ ɨɛɝɪɫɺɧɥɣ ɢɛɦɹɜɥɣ ɪɩɰɛɪɥɣ ɪɩɥɫɛɟɷɥɣ ɪɩɭɛɤɥɣ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ Ƚ ɜɩɫɮ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɧɛɦɩ ɍɩ ɭɛɧ ɭɩ ɬɺɧ ɪɫɩɞɦɺɟɛɾ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɪɩɫɩɳɮ ɭɫɛɝɛ ɢ ɪɫɣ ɧɠɫɢɦɣɧɣ ɟɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɲɮɜɲɣɥɛɧɣ ɬɭɫɣɧɦɺɭɷ ɨɣɢɠɨɷɥʀ ɪɠɨɷɥɣ ɢ ɡɩɝɭɮɝɛɭɩɹ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɬɭɛɫɣɤ ɧɠɟ ɬɧʀɦɥɩɹ ɨɛ ɢɫʀɢɛɰ ɍɣɰɩ ɨɛɝɥɫɮɞɣ ɤ ɢɛ ɭɣɳɨɩ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɳɠɦɠɬɨɠ ɪɩ ɞʀɦɦʀ ɝɛɦɷɩɥ ɬɨʀɞɮ ɬɭɫɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɝʀɭɫɩɧ ɢ ɝɠɫɰɩɝʀɭɭɺ« Ȼɡ ɩɨ ɪʀɟ ɬɭɛɫɩɹ ɬɩɬɨɩɹ ɦɛɭɥɛ ɳɣɳɩɥ ɫɺɜʀɾ ȼɛ ɔɠ ɩɟɨɛ ɝɪɛɦɛ ɉɬɷ ɟɠ ɝʀɨ ɟɫɩɝɩɫɮɜ ɉɦɠɬɷ ɬɭɛɾ ɨɛɝɳɪɣɨɷɥɣ ɤ ɥɫɛɟɷɥɩɧɛ ɪɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɥɩɬɩɞʀɫ ɂɛɲɮɝɳɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɟɺɭɠɦ ɪɠɫɠɬɭɛɝ ɱɹɥɛɭɣ ɪɩɝʀɝ ɞɛɫɭɩɝɛɨɣɧ ɟɢɷɩɜɩɧ ɢ ɜɩɥɮ ɝ ɜʀɥ ʀ ɨɛɱʀɦɣɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɉɦɠɬɺ ɲɩɞɩ ɭɩɜʀ ɭɮɭɠɲɥɣ" ɂɟɫɣɞɨɮɝɬɺ ɰɦɷɩɬ ɨɮɝ ɥɫɣɦɩɧ ɪɩ ɥɩɫʀ ʀ ɢɨɣɥ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝɳɣ ɮ ɝɮɢɠɨɷɥɩɧɮ ɟɮɪɦʀ ɳɣɳɥɮ ɉɦɠɬɷ ɰɩɭʀɝ ɟʀɬɭɛɭɣ ʁʁ ʀ ɪɩɥɮɳɭɮɝɛɭɷ ɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɧɛɝ ³ ʀ ɪɫɣɭɮɦɣɝɬɺ ɝɮɰɩɧ ɟɩ ɬɭɩɝ ɜɮɫɛ Ʉɩɞɩ ɦɠɟɝɠ ɪɩɧʀɭɨɩ ɫɩɢɞɩɤɟɮɝɛɦɩ ɪʀɟ ɥɩɫɩɹ ɴɩɬɷ ɡɛɦʀɜɨɩ ɬɥɫɣɪʀɦɩ ɛ ɝɨɣɢɮ ɪʀɟ ɪʀɟɩɳɝɛɧɣ ɝ ɉɦɠɬɺ ɝɩɫɮɳɣɦɩɬɷ ɥɩɫʀɨɨɺ« Ⱦɫɣɞʀɫ ɍɹɭɹɨɨɣɥ
Ɍ Ɍɝʀɭɩɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɂɣɧɩɝɣɤ ɪɠɤɢɛɡ Ɍɛɟɣɜɛ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɣɥɛ
ȱȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɉɨɦɢɥ ɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
500. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀʀ ɡɦɿɫɬ ³ Ɉɮ ɺɥ ɇɣɥɩɦɷɱɹ ɨɠ ɜɮɝ ɟɺɟɷɥɩɝʀ ɤ ɭʀɭɱʀ ɭɺɞɛɫɠɧ" ³ ɂɩɝɬʀɧ ɨʀ ɧɛɧɩ Ɉɛɝɪɛɥɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɺ ɪɫɣɤɳɩɝ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɭɩ ɭʀɭɥɛ ɬɥɛɢɛɦɛ ´ɔɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɠɜɠ ɜɫɛɥɮɝɛɦɩ µ
501. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ȳɭɣ ɨɛɝɪɫɩɳɥɣ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɟʀɺɭɣ ɪɫɺɧɩ ɟʀɬɭɛɭɣ ɨɛɞʀɨɥɣ ɜɮɭɣ ɝɣɦɛɺ ɨɣɧ ɬʀɬɭɣ ɝɠɫɰɣ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɥɩɞɩɬɷ ɬɩɜʀ ɞɫɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛɝɪɠɫɠɝɛɞɣ ɢɧɛ ɞɛɭɣɬɺ ɴɩɜ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɮ ɴɠ ɲɩɫɭɣ ɨɛɝɥɮɦɛɲɥɣ ɨɠ ɜ·ɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɮɡɠ ɫɛɨɩ ɨɠ ɫɛɢ ʀ ɨɠ ɟɝʀɲʀ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɭɫɣɲʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɫɺɭɣ ɫɛɢ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɛɭɣ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɪɫɩɟɮ ɧɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɟʀʁ
§ 51.
ɉɿɞɫɭɦɤɨɜɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɦɢ ³ɉɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤ´
502. Ɋɨɡɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤ ɹɤ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɭ ɦɨɜɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ Ⱦɥɹ ɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɳɟ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɿɜ
Ȳ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɺɥ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɩɝɣ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛ ɪɩɬɪʀɳɨɩ ɮɟɝɩɾ ɭɮɭ ɭɩɟʀ ɭɩɧɮ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɺɥ ɲɦɠɨ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɝɩɦʀ ɪɩɬɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɛɫɭɩ ɪɩ ɧɩɾɧɮ ɟɩɫɩɞɛ ɪɫɛɝɩɫɮɲ Ɋɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɭɛɧ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɭɣɰɩ ɝɭɫɷɩɰ ɪɩ ɨɛɳɩɧɮ Ɉɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛɝɬʀɜʀɲ ɟɠ ɨɠ ɟɠ ɟɠɨɷ ɮ ɟɠɨɷ Ɉɛɞɩɦɩɬ ɮ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛɰ ɳɣɫyɥɣɤ ³ ɳɣ ɫɩɥɩ ɨʀɥyɦɣ ³ ɨtɥɩɦɣ ,, ɋɩɢɫɺɟɣ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɮ ɟʀʁ ɭɛɥ ɭɣɰɩ ɪɩ ɨɩɝɩɧɮ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɧʀɫɣ ʀ ɬɭɮɪɠɨɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɮɭɫɩɾ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɭɛɧ ɝɨɣɢɮ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ
Ɋʀɟɬɮɧɥɩɝɠ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɧɣ ´Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥµ
Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɲɛɬɮ ɥɩɦɣ ɮɲɩɫɛ ɟɩɬʀ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ ɭɩɧɮ ɢɩɪɛɦɮ Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɧɠɭɣ ɨɛɝɧɣɬɨɩ ɨɛɪɠɫɠɥʀɫ« ,,, ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ Ɋɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɝʀɟɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛ ɩ ɠ ɬɭɛɫɛɨɨɣɤ ³ ɬɭɛɫɛɨɨɩ ɨɠɢɫʀɝɨɺɨɨɣɤ ³ ɨɠɢɫʀɝɨɺɨɨɩ ɳɛɦɠɨɣɤ ³ ɳɛɦɠɨɩ ɍɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɭɮɪɠɨʀɝ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɥɩɫɩɭɳɠ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ɥɫɛ ɴɠ Ɋɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɪɫɠɯʀɥɬɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɨɛ ɪɩɪɫɩɬɭɮ ɪɩ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɧɮ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ Ɋɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɝʀɟʀɧɠɨɨɣɥɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛɝɠɬɨʀ ɝɫɛɨɱʀ ɜɠɢ ɝʀɟɩɧɛ Ɋɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɝʀɟɲɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɮɲɠɭɝɠɫɭɠ ɪɩɭɫɣɲʀ ɪɩ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɋɩɢɫʀɢɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɩɟɨɩɢɝɮɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɷ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɲɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɢ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɪɩ ɨɩɝɩɧɮ ʀ ɪɩ ɨɩɝɩɧɮ ɧɩɬɭɮ ɝɟɠɨɷ ʀ ɝ ɟɠɨɷ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɝɟɫɮɞɠ ʀ ɝ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɝʀɥɨɩ Ɋɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɝʀɟɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɛɜɣɥɮɟɣ ɜɮɟɷ ɥɮɟɣ ɥɩ ɦɣ ɨɠ ɥɩɦɣ Ɋɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɣɰ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɨɨɺɧ ɩɬɨɩɝ ɨɛɳɝɣɟɥɮɫɮɲ ɝɫɠɳɭʀ ɫɠɳɭ ɝʀɲ ɨɛ ɝʀɲ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ ɥʀɨɱɠɧ Ƚɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ʀ ɨʀ ɢ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɨɠɝɛɡɥɩ ʀ ɨɠ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɨʀɟɠ ʀ ɨíɟɠ Ɋɫɛɝɩɪɣɬ ɣ ɭɛ ʀ ɝ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛɝɥɫɮɞɣ ɪɩ ɝɩɝɲɣ ɨɠɰɩɭɺɲɣ ɭɫɣɲʀ ɨɛɬɭɩɫɩɡʀ
503. Ɂ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥɛµ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɭɛɥ ³ ɭɣɰɩ ³ . ɍɛɥ ɭɣɰɩ ɭɛɥ ɬɩɨɨɩ ɥɫɮɞɩɧ Ƚ Ɍɩɬɹɫɛ ȿɠɨɷ ɜɮɝ ɪɩɞɩɡɣɤ ɪɩ ɩɬʀɨɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɫɩɧɠɨɣɬɭɣɤ ɂ ɍɮɦɮɜ Ⱦɩɦɩɬ ɜɫɣɨɣɭɷ ɧɩɨɩɭɩɨɨɩ ʀ ɡɛɦʀɜɨɩ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɭɩɫɥɛɾ ɫɛɢ ɪɩ ɫɛɢ ɩɟɨɮ ɬɭɫɮɨɮ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ ɉɪɣɨɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɨɛɟɝɩɫʀ ɝʀɨ ɜʀɞɱɠɧ ɥɣɨɮɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ ɪɫɣʁɡɟɡɣɰ ɉ Ⱦɩɨɲɛɫ Ƚʀɨ ɪɫɣ ɤɳɩɝ ɨɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ʀ ɝʀɟɪɫɛɝɣɝɳɣ ɲɣɧɳɝɣɟɳɠ ɬɦɮɞɮ ɢɛɧɥɨɮɝ ɟɝɠɫʀ ɢɬɠ ɫɠɟɣɨɣ Ȳ ɏɫɛɨɥɩ Ƚɪ·ɺɭɷɩɰ ɩɟɨʀɤ ɥɩɫɩɝʀ ɢɫɣɝɛɦɣ ɦɩɜɩɟɮ Ȼ ɇɛɦɣɳɥɩ
ȱ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɿ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɱɨɬɢɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɝɨ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɤɦɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɱɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ
ɚɥ ɨɠ ɺɥ ɜɮɝ ɮɟɩɧɛ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩ ɮɟɩɬɝʀɭɛ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ ɞɫɛɝ ɛɜɣɺɥ ɨɛɲɣɬɭɩ ɝɲɠɭɝɠɫɩ ɢɛɨɛɟɭɩ ɢɝɠɲɩɫɛ ɝɡɠ ɪʀɢɨɩ ʀɴɠ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɪɠɫɠɟɲɛɬɨɩ ʀɳɩɝ ɪɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɩɧɮ ɟʀɦɹ ɨɛɟɝɩɾ ɟɠʀɨɟɠ ɢʀɬɪɩɟɮ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɞɿɹɱɚ ;9,,, ɫɬ Ɍɨ ɦɚɫɚ ɉɟɣɧɚ ´ɚɥɴɩ ɭɣ ɟɝʀɲʀ ɪɩɟɮɧɛɾɳ ɪɠɫɳ ɨʀɡ ɩɟɣɨ ɫɛɢ ɬɥɛɡɠɳ ɭɣ«µ. 505. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɣ ɩɪɢɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɜɫɿ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɢ ɤɨɥɢ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɮɿɫ
Ɋɩ ɨɩɝɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣ ɪɩ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɛɦɠ ɪɩɭɣɰɮ ɪɩɧɛɦɮ Ɋɩ ɦɛɭɣɨʀ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɛ Ɋɩ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɪɩ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɛɦɠ ɪɩɟɝʀɲʀ ɪɩɭɫɣɲʀ ɪɩ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɟɝɩɾ ɐɭɩɢɨɛ ɟɠ ɥɛɢɨɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥ ɟɠ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɛɦɠ ɛɜɣɺɥ ȿɩɝɞɩ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɭɺɡɥɩ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɝɣɟɣɧɩ ɨɠɝɣɟɣɧɩ ɚɥ ɨɠ ɺɥ ɜɮɟɷ ɴɩ ɜɮɟɷ ɪɦʀɲ ɩ ɪɦʀɲ ɢ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɟɛɝɠɨ
506. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɣ ɩɪɢɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɜɫɿ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɢ ɤɨɥɢ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɿ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ
Ƚ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ȼɠɢ ɮɞɛɝɮ ɜɠɢ ɮɪɣɨɮ ɟɩ ɝɪɩɟɩɜɣ ɨɛ ɞiɧɮɢ ɨɛ ɡɛɦɷ Ɋɩ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɟɝɩɾ ɪɩ ɭɫɩɾ Ɉɛ ɢɛɝɭɫɛ ɨɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩ Ʌʀɨɠɱɷ ɥʀɨɱɠɧ ɫɛɢ ɮ ɫɛɢ ɟɠɨɷ ɮ ɟɠɨɷ ɬɛɧ ɨɛ ɬɛɧ
507. Ⱦɨɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɢ ɡ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɢ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɩɨɪɹɞ ɉɪɚ ɜɨɩɢɫ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ
ȼɛɤɟɮɡɠ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɨɛɩɟɣɨɱʀ ɨɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɪɩɞɛɨɩ ɲɛɬɩɧ Ɍɣɨɩɨʀɧɣ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ɢɫɠɳɭɩɹ ɬɺɥ ɭɛɥ ɬɛɧ ɨɛ ɬɛɧ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɥɩɦɣ ɝɬɠ ɩɟɨɩ ɝʀɲ ɨɛ ɝʀɲ ɝɫɺɟɣ ɞɩɟɣ ɝɫɠɳɭʀ ɫɠɳɭ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɩ ɨɠɟɩɜɫɠ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ ɥʀɨɱɠɧ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɟ ɲɛɬɮ ɱʀɦɥɩɧ ɞɠɭɷ ɲɣɬɭɩ ɢɫʀɟɥɛ ɛɜɣɺɥ ɺɥ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ʀɯɧɶɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɮɿɫ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɿ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ
ɂ ɮɬʀɰ ɮɬɹɟ ɪɩ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɝ ɨɩɞɮ ɤɭɣ ɢɝʀɟɥɣ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɩɲɠ ɝɣɟɨɩ ɝɣɤɳɩɝ ɢ ɟɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɭɫɣɲʀ ɭɣɳɥɩɧ ɨɣɳɥɩɧ ɮ ɞɩɦɩɬ ɢɨɛɝ ɰɭɩɢɨɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɢ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɝ ɥʀ ɨɠɱɷ ɬɛɧ ɨɛ ɬɛɧ ɪɩ ɪɫɩɬɭɮ ɢɨɠɝɛɡɦɣɝɩ ɪɩɞʀɫɟɨɩ ɬɭɣɫɛɝ ɫɛɢ ɪɩ ɫɛɢ ɬɪʀɟ ɦɩɜɛ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝʀɲ ɨɛ ɝʀɲ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɤɿɧɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɫɥɿɜ ɝɨɥ ɥɚɧɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɚ ;9,, ɫɬ Ȼɚɪɭɯɚ ɋɩɿɧɨɡɢ ´ɂɨɛɹɲɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɛɟɣ ɧɣ ɜɛɲɣ ɧɩ «µ. ȱ ɋɥɨɜɚ ɿ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɝɨ ɹɤ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɟɧɿ ɪɢɫɤɨɸ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɮɿɫ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ
Ɏ ɨɛɬ ɪɩ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɧɮ ɢɧɠɨɳɣɝ ɮ ɟɝɩɾ ɮ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɬɠɦɛɰ ɪɩɞɩɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɪɩ ɪɫɩɬɭɮ ɩɡɣɝɛɾ ɬɭɠɪ ɮ ɟɠɨɷ ɬɨʀɞ ɪɛɟɛɾ ɢ ɞɩɫɣ ɜɫʀɝ ɪɩ ɭɝɩɾɧɮ ɬɦʀɟɮ ɨɠ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɢɛɝ ɭɫɛ ɢɧɛɞɛɾɧɩɬɺ ɪɩ ɟɫɮɡɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɠɫɠɜʀɞɛɾ ɪɩ ɩɬʀɨɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɩɦɹ ɪɩ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɢɡɩɝɥɦɠ ɪɩ ɩɬʀɨɨɷɩɧɮ ɦɣɬɭɺ ɢɜʀɞɛɾ ɢ ɞɩɫɣ ɭɩʁ ɢɨɛɨɠ ɢ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɟɛɝɠɨ ɢɛɞɦɺ ɨɮɝ ɮ ɟɝɩɾ ɟɝɠɫɠɤ ɫɛɟɣɦɣɬɷ ɮ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɰɛɤ ɜɮɟɠ ɪɩ ɭɝɩɾɧɮ
Ɋʀɟɬɮɧɥɩɝɠ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɧɣ ´Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥµ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ȼ ɋɭɯɨɦɥɢɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ´ɍɫɠɜɛ ɭɩɨ ɥɩ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɭɫɣ ɫɠɲʀ µ 510*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ Ʌɩɦɩɬ ɪɩɝɨɣɤ ɟɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɞɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɛ ɪɮɬɭɣɤ ɮ ɞɩɫɮ ɪɨɠɭɷɬɺ Ƚɬɺɥ ɫɩ ɢɮɧɨɣɤ ɪɩ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɩɟɣɨ ɬ ɪɠɫɳɮ ɛ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ɪɩ ɭʀɧ ɂ ɝɠɫɰɮ ɞɛɫɨɩ ɭɛ ɭɣɰɩ ɛ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɝɩɫɮɳɣɭɷɬɺ ɦɣɰɩ Ƚɩɝɥ ɪɩ ɝɩɝɲɩɧɮ ʀ ɟɮɧɛɾ Ȳ ɪɩ ɢɛɺɲɩɧɮ ɬɦʀɟɮ ʀɨ ɥɩɦɣ ɢɨɛɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɝɠɟɧɠɟɺ Ɍɺɥ ɭɛɥ ɨɛ ɝɬɥɩɬɺɥ ɛɜɣ ɨɠ ɪɩ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩɧɮ Ɉɠ ɴɩ ɟɨɺ ɜɫɠɰɨɺ ɟɠ ɥɩɦɣ ɤ ɪɫɛɝɟɛ
511. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɿɣ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫ Ʌɩɦɣɬɷ ɟɛɝɨɣɧ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɢɝʀɫʀ ɢɛɰɩɟɣɦɣɬɺ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɧʀɬɭ Ɉɛ ɨɛɫɛɟʀ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɪɩɟɛɝɛɝ ɬɝɩʁ ɪɫɩɪɩɢɣɱʀʁ ɂɛɾɱɷ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ ³ Ɋɩ ɧɩɾɧɮ ɧʀɬɭ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɢ ɰɧɣɢɮ ɪɩ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɦɠɞɳɠ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɛ ɪɩ ɟɫɮɞɠ ³ ɟɠɳɠɝɳɠ ɩɜʀɤɟɠɭɷɬɺ ³ Ɉʀ ³ ɢɛɪɠɫɠɲɣɝ ɝɠɟɧʀɟɷ ³ ɺɥɴɩ ɝɡɠ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɭɩ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɩ ɢʀ ɬɭɩɫʀɲɨɣɰ ɟɮɜʀɝ ɴɩɜ ɧʀɬɭ ɜɮɝ ɧʀɱɨɣɤ ʀ ɨɠ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɫɛɢ ɪɩ ɫɛɢ ɫɠɧɩɨɭɮɝɛɭɣ ³ ȿɩɢɝɩɦɷɭɠ ɥɩɦɠɞɣ ³ ɝɬɭɫɺɝ ɮ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɮ ɩɬɠɦ ³ ɂ ɲɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ³ ɱɠ ɧɣ ɩɪʀɬɦɺ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɧɩ Ɉɛ ɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɫɩɢɝ·ɺɢɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪɩɝɠ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɺɥ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ³ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɲɣ ɝɪɩɪɠɫɠɥ ɫʀɲɥɣ"
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɜɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ʀɯ ȿɩɥɣ ɢɝɠɲɩɫʀɦɩ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɣɥ ʀ ɢ ɦɮɥɛ ɨɛɬɭɫʀɦɺɝɬɺ ɤ ɢ ɧɮɳɥɠɭɛ ɤ ɥɩɨɠɧ ɨɛ ʁɢɟɣɝɬɺ ɟɩɬɰɩɲɮ Ɍɪɠɫɳɮ ɰɦɩɪɱʀ ɬɭɫʀɦɺɦɣ ɢɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɰɭɩ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɝɦɮɲɣɭɷ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɣ ɢɛɪɩɫɩɡɱʀ ɢ ɜɦɣɡɨɷɩɞɩ ɥɮɫɠɨɺ ɪɫɣɝɠɦɣ ɥɩɨɠɤ ʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɪɩɥɛɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɳɥɩɦɺɫɛɧ ɮɬɺɥɠ ɥɩɢɛɱɷɥɠ ɳɭɮɥɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɺɥ ɨɛ ɜʀɞɮ ɬɪɫɣɬɛɭɣ ɥɩ ɨɠɝʀ ɪʀɟ ɲɠɫɠɝɩ ɝɣɬʀɭɣ ɝɨɣɢ ɞɩɦɩɝɩɹ ɝɟɛɹɲɣ ɧɠɫɭɝɩɞɩ ɬɭɫɣɜɛɭɣ ɝ ɬʀɟɦɩ ɥɩɦɣ ɥʀɨɷ ɧɲɣɭɷ ɮɲɝɛɦ ɬɭɛɝɛɭɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɨɛ ɬɪɣɨɮ ɦɺɞɛɭɣ ɨɛɝɢɨɛɥ ɪɠɫɠɥɣ ɟɛɭɣɬɺ ɐɦɩɪɱʀ ɨɛɝɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɥɣ ɭɣɬɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɥɩɨɠɤ ³ ɩɲʀ ʁɧ ɞɩɫʀɦɣ ɧɩɝ ɮ ɝɩɝɲɠɨɺɭ ɩɱɠ ɭɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɥɩɢɛɱɷɥɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɛ ɍɛ ɝɡɠ ɬɧɠɫɥɛɦɩ ɢɛɪɩɫɩɡɱʀ ɪʀɳɦɣ ɢ ɟɝɩɫɮ ɓɥɩɦɺɫʀ ɪɩɝɠɲɠɫɺɦɣ ɤ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɝɥɦɛɟɛɭɣɬɺ ɬɪɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɟɝʀɫ·ʁ ɐɭɩ ɰɛɢɺɤɨɩɝɣɭʀɳɣɤ ɧɩɬɭɣɝ ɪɩɬɭʀɦɷ ʀɢ ɬʀɨɛ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɢɛɪɛɬɣɝ ɭɛ ɢɛɰɩɝɛɝ ɮ ɳɥʀɦɷɨʀɤ ɪɩɝʀɭɱʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɦɺɞɛɦɣ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɨɛ ɞɩɦʀɤ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɩɥɦɛɝɳɣ ɪʀɟ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɺɥɠɬɷ ɦɛɰɧʀɭɭɺ ɛɜɩ ɤ ɥɮɦɛɥ ³ ɪɩ ɥɩɢɛɱɷɥɣ ɇ Ɋɫɣɞɛɫɛ
ȱȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɿɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɜɿɪɬɟ ɡ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɉɨɦɢɥ ɤɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɩɪɚɜɬɟ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ɏ9ȱȱ ɏɭɞɨɠɧɿɣ ɨɩɢɫ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɫɬɿ ɉɪɣɬɮɝɛɭɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀɬɭɷ ɬɦʀɟ ɮ ɪɠɝɨʀɤ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɚɥɴɩ ɧɣ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɾɧɩ ɥɫɛɾɝɣɟ ɢ ɨɠɫɮɰɩɧɩʁ ɪɩɢɣɱʀʁ ɭɩ ɬɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɩɪɣɬɮɾɧɩ ɜɦɣɡɨʀ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɪɩɭʀɧ ³ ɟɛɦɷɳʀ ɭɛ ɨɛɫɠɳɭʀ ³ ɨɛɤɟɛɦɷɳʀ Ȳ ɪɩ ɞɦɺɟ ɪɠɫɠɝɩɟɣɧɩ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɩ ɝ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ³ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɢɦʀɝɛ ɨɛɪɫɛɝɩ ɚɥɴɩ ɡ ɧɣ ɫɮɰɛɾɧɩɬɺ ³ ɤɟɠɧɩ ɲɣ ʁɟɠɧɩ ɝ ɭɫɛɨ ɬɪɩɫɭʀ ɭɩ ɤ ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɣɬɮɾɧɩ ɝ ɭʀɤ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɺɥ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɫɩ ɪɦɣɝɛɾ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɳɣɧɣ ɩɲɣɧɛ
Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɞɜɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɭ ɹɤɿɣ ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɡ¶ɹɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɢ ɭ ɜɚɲɿɣ ɭɹɜɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɜɢ ɱɢɬɚɽɬɟ ɰɿ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ
513. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɜɿɪɲ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɣɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɉɪɢɞɢɜɿɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɩɨɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɽ ɫɜɨʀ ɩɨɱɭɬɬɹ ɹɤɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɣ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɜɠɢɜɚɽ ɇɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɣ ɬɜɿɪ ´ɇɩɺ ɫʀɟɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ ³ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛµ
Ʌɩɦɣ ɧɠɨɠ ɪɣɭɛɹɭɷ ´Ɇɹɜɣɳ ɫʀɥɣ ɫʀɲɥɣ ʀ ɫʀɲɠɲɥɣ ʀ ɪɩɭʀɲɥɣ"µ ³ Ƚʀɟɧɩɝɲɮɹɬɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɝ ɧɠɨʀ ɨɛɝtɥɣ ɛ ɟɦɺ ɧɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɝʀɥ Ʌɩɦɣ ɧɠɨɠ ɢɛɪɣɭɮɹɭɷ ´Ɉɛɫɩɟɮ ɲɣ ɢɧɩɡɠɳ ɪɫɣɬɦɮɡɣɭɣɬɷ ɺɥ ʀ ɟɠ"µ ³ ɇɩɝɲɮ ɨɛ ɺɬɨʀ ɢɩɫʀ ɭɣɰʀ ɝɩɟɣ ɰɛɤ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɩɝɠ ɬɦɩɝɩ ɨɠ ɝɪɛɟɠ Ʌɩɦɣ ɧɠɨɠ ɪɣɭɛɹɭɷ ´Ɇɹɜɣɳ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɬɭɠɪɣ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɺɜɦɮɨʀ ɝ ɬɛɟɮ"µ ³ ɚ ɢɨɩɝ ɧɩɝɲɮ ɝʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɹ ɬɠɜɠ ɤ ɭɩɟʀ ɺɥ ɝ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɪɠɫɠɤɟɮ Ʌɩɦɣ ɧɠɨɠ ɪɣɭɛɹɭɷ ´ɋʀɟɨɮ ɧɩɝɮ ɲɣ ɢɧʀɞ ɜɣ ɪɩɧʀɨɺɭɣ ɨɛ ɲɮɡɮ"µ ³ ɇɩɺ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛ ɬɣɨɮ ɥɩɦɣɬɥɩɝɮ ɬɪʀɝɛɾ ɭɣɰɩ Ʌɫɛɴɠ ɨɠ ɬɥɛɡɮ Ʌɩɦɣ ɧɠɨɠ ɪɣɭɛɹɭɷ ´Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɲɣ ɢɧɩɡɠɳ ɭɣ ɢɛɜɮɭɷ ɨɛ ɲɮɡɣɨʀ"µ ³ Ʌɫɣɲɮ ´Ʌɦɛɟʀɭɷ ɩɭɮɭ ɮ ɟɩɧɩɝɣɨɮ ɡɣɝɣɧ ɉɟɨɛɥɩɝʀɬʀɨɷɥɩ ɧɠɨʀ µ Ƚ Ɋʀɟɪɛɦɣɤ
Ɋʀɟɬɮɧɥɩɝɠ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɧɣ ´Ɋɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥµ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȟȳȚțȎȒȤȭȠȖȗ ǮțȒȞȳȗȘȳȐ
ɌɐɉȿɁɀɈɈɚ ɈȻ ȾɉȽɀɋɆɎ ɂɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ Ⱦɩɝɠɫɦɛ ɨɠ ȿɡɩɧɩɦɮɨɞɧɛ ʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɠ ɇɩɨɜɦɛɨ Ƚɩɨɛ ɨɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɨɣɡɲɛ Ȼɦɠ ɧɛɜɮɭɷ ɬɛɧɠ ɭɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɦɺɥɮɾ ɛ ɪɫɣɝɛɜɦɹɾ ɚ ɧɫʀɺɝ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɮɬɠ ɭɛɥɣ ɪɩɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɱʀɤ ɨɛɤɝɣɴʀɤ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɝɠɫɳɣɨʀ Ȳ ɩɬɷ ɭɩɫʀɥ ɭɛɥɛ ɨɛɞɩɟɛ ɭɫɛɪɣɦɛɬɺ ɂɨɣɢɮ Ⱦɩɝɠɫɦɛ ɨɠ ɝɣɞɦɺɟɛɾ ɨɛɟɭɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɹ ɂɝʀɟɬɣ ɢɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɨɠʁ ɜɮɟɠ ɦɠɞɥɩ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɣɬɺ ɇɩɡɨɛ ɜʀɞɱɠɧ ɨɛɝɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɥɣ Ȳ ɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɛɜɣɺɥ ɢɛɥɣɨɮɝɳɣ ɫɹɥɢɛɥ ɢɛ ɬɪɣɨɮ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɬɩɭɨʀ ɧɠɭɫʀɝ ʀɟɠɳ ɜɛɟɷɩɫɩ ɝɪɠɝɨɠ ɨɩ Ȼɦɠ ɬɥɩɫɩ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾɳ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɴɩ ɦɺɧɥɣ ɫɹɥɢɛɥɛ ɟɠɟɛɦʀ ɬɣɦɷɨʀɳɠ ɝ·ʁɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɪɦɠɲʀ ɨɩɞɣ ɝɛɡɲɛɹɭɷ Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɢɞɣɨɛɾɳɬɺ ɝɟɝɩɾ ɛ ɪɩ ɭʀɧ ³ ɮɭɫɩɾ Ɉɛɤɝɛɡɲɠ ɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɪʀɝɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫɛ ȿɩ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɣ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɛ ɨɩɞɣ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɨɠɬɮɭɷ ɐɩɲ ɪɩɝɢɣ ɫɛɲɥɣ Ɋɫɣɬʀɟɛɾɳ ɨɛɝɪɩɲʀɪɥɣ ɴɩɜ ɭɫɩɰɣ ɪɠɫɠɪɩɲɣɭɣ ɂɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ʀɟɠɳ ɰɭɩɢɨɛ ɺɥ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɛ ɭɩɞɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɝɬɠ ɨɠɧɛɾ Ȼɡ ɩɬɷ ɝɫɠɳɭʀ ɫɠɳɭ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɛ Ɉɛɤɭɺɡɲɠ ɪɩɢɛɟɮ ɇɣ ɝɟɝɩɰ ɢ ɭɛɭɩɧ ɬɭɩ ʁɧɩ ɨɛ Ⱦɩɝɠɫɦʀ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɾɧɩɬɺ ɟɩɝɥɩɦɛ ɚɥɛ ɥɫɛɬɛ ɨɠɬɥɛɢɛɨɨɛ Ɉɛɲɠ ɢɛ ɬɭɣɞɦʀ ɝɠɦɠɭɠɨɬɷɥʀ ɰɝɣɦʀ ɫɩɢɥɣɨɮɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɧɣ Ʌɛɫɪɛɭɬɷɥʀ ɞɩɫɣ Ȼ ɟɛ ɦɠɲ ɞɠɨ ɞɠɨ ɺɥɛ ɨɛɝɥɫɮɞɣ ɉɜɫʀɹ ɨɠ ɝɣɟɨɩ Ɉʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɢɛɜɮɟɮ ɱʀɾʁ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
514. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ Ⱥɧɞɪɿɣɤɨɜɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɟʀ ɜɫɿ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ Ɋɨɡ ɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɮɨɬɨɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɪɨɡɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɹɤɳɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɨ Ƚɨɜɟɪɥɭ ɬɨ ɩɪɨ Ʉɚɪɚɞɚɝ ɱɢ ɋɜɿ ɬɹɡɶ ɱɢ Ⱦɧɿɩɪɨ ɱɢ ɳɨɫɶ ɿɧɲɟ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɧɟ ɳɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɪɧɭɥɨ ɜɚɲɭ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɋɜɨɸ ɪɨɡ ɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
ÌÎÐÔÎËÎÃ²ß ÒÀ ÎÐÔÎÃÐÀÔ²ß. ÑËÓÆÁβ ×ÀÑÒÈÍÈ ÌÎÂÈ ² ÂÈÃÓÊ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɦɮɡɜɩɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ ʀ ɝɣɞɮɥ
§ 52.
Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ ɩɪɨ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɜɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɦɨɜɢ
Ȳɧɠɨɨɣɥ ɪɫɣɥɧɠɭɨɣɥ ɲɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ɢɛɤɧɠɨɨɣɥ ɟʀɾɬɦɩɝɩ ʀ ɪɫɣ ɬɦʀɝɨɣɥ ³ ɱɠ ɪɩɝɨɩɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɠɝɨʀ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɤ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɹɭɷ ɲɦɠɨɛɧɣ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ Ɍɦɮɡɜɩɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ ɨɛ ɡɩɟɨɠ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷ ʀ ɬɛɧʀ ɪɩ ɬɩɜʀ ɨɠ ɾ ɲɦɠɨɛɧɣ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ Ɏ ɫɠɲɠɨɨʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɩ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɹɭɷ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢ ɪɩɝɨɩɢɨɛɲɨɣɧɣ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɧɣ ɧɩɝɣ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɮ ɫɠɲɠɨɨʀ ɐɛɤ ɺ ɢɛɞɣɨɮ ɭɛ ɰɛɤ ɬɺɾ ɧɣɦɩ ɨɛɟ ɦɹɟɷɧɣ ɬɩɨɱɠɧ ɪɫɛɝɟɛ ʀ ɨɛɟʀɺ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ ³ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɺ ɰɭɩ" ɢɛɞɣɨɮ ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɦɹ" ɬɺɾ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɭɷ" ɧɣɦɩ ɺɥ" ɦɹɟɷɧɣ ɥɣɧ" ɬɩɨɱɠɧ ɺɥ" ɪɫɛɝɟɛ ɴɩ" ɨɛɟʀɺ ɴɩ" ³ ɱɠ ɪɩɝɨɩɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣ ɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ Ȼ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɰɛɤ ɭɛ ɨɛɟ ʀ ³ ɬɦɮɡɜɩɝʀ ɰɛɤ ³ ɱɠ ɲɛɬɭɥɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɥɛɢɮɾ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɛ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɪɠɝɨɩʁ ɟʀʁ ɛɦɠ ɬɛɧɩʁ ɟʀʁ ɨɠ ɨɛɢɣ ɝɛɾ ɭɛ ʀ ³ ɬɪɩɦɮɲɨɣɥɣ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɪɩɾɟɨɮɾ ɟɝɛ ɪɫɩɬɭʀ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ³ ɟɝɛ ɩɟɨɩɫʀɟɨʀ ɲɦɠɨɣ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɟ ³ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥ ɝɡɣ ɭɣɤ ɪɫɣ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥɩɝʀ Ƚ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɧɩɝʀ ɾ ɭɫɣ ɬɦɮɡɜɩɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥ ɬɪɩɦɮɲɨɣɥ ʀ ɲɛɬɭɥɛ 515. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɜɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɦɨɜɢ ȿɫɮɢʀ ɪʀɢɨɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɜʀɟʀ ɂ ɟɩɜɫɣɧ ɟɫɮɡɣɬɷ ɛ ɦɣɰɣɰ ɬɭɠɫɠɡɣɬɷ ȿɦɺ ɪɫɣɺɭɠɦɺ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɱɮɫɛɤɬɺ ɬɭɛɫɩɞɩ ȿɫɮɡɨɣɤ ɭɛɜɮɨ ʀ ɝɩɝɥʀɝ ɨɠ ɜɩʁɭɷɬɺ Ɇʀɪɳɠ ɢ ɫɩɢɮɧɨɣɧ ɮ ɜʀɟʀ ɨʀɡ ɢ ɟɮɫɨɣɧ ɮ ɟɩɜɫʀ ɇɮɟɫɣɧ ɨʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɝɫɩɟɣɝɬɺ ɛ ɨɛɝɲɣɝɬɺ ȼɠɢ ɨɛɮɥɣ ʀ ɪɩɬɭɩɦɛ ɨɠ ɬɪɦɠɭɠɳ
516. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɪɲ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ʀɯɧɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɭ ɩɨɛɭ ɞɨɜɿ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ
ɍɫɮɨɥɩɧ ɝɩɦʀ Ƚʀɭɲɣɢɨɣ ɢɛɰɧɠɦɠɨɣɤ Ɍɭɛɨɮ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɺ ɝ ɨɛɳʀɧ ɬɭɫɩɹ Ȳ ɬɥɫɣɝɛɝɦɠɨɣɤ ɬɭɺɞ ɨɛɳ ɪɫɩɬɭɫɠɦɠɨɣɤ Ɋʀɟɨɠɬɮ ɝ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɨʀɧ ɜɩɹ Ȳ ɰɩɲ ɬɭɫʀɤ ɨɛɳ ɮɡɠ ɢɟɠɬɺɭɥɩɝɛɨɣɤ Ȳ ɢɨɣɥɛɾ ɝ ɟɣɧɮ ɨɠɜɩɢɝʀɟ
ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨɠ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺ ɪɫɩ ɬɦɮɡɜɩɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ
Ɂɩɝɭɩ ɬɣɨʀɤ ɮ ɥɫɩɝʀ ɩɨɩɝɦɠɨɣɤ ȿɩɨɠɬɮ ɺ ɟɩ ɫʀɟɨɣɰ ɝɩɫʀɭ Ƚɣɴɠ ɝɣɴɠ ɮ ɬɦɛɝʀ ɩɝʀɺɨɣɤ Ɍɭɺɞ ɩɬɝɺɲɠɨɣɤ ɡɠɫɭɝɛɧɣ Ʌɫɮɭ Ɏɪɠɫɠɟ ɡɠ ɨɛɳ ɬɭɫʀɤ ɨɠɟɩɬɭɫʀɦɺɨɣɤ Ɏɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɤ ɫɠɟɮɭ Ɋ Ʌɩɬɠɨɥɩ
517. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɜɿ ɱɚɫ ɬɢɧɢ ɦɨɜɢ
ɔɣɫɠ ɝɣɬɩɥɠ ɨɠɜɩ « ɪʀɟɧɛɦɹɾɳ ɥɝɛɲɠɧ Ʌɝʀɭɣ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɨɛɧ ɞɩɝɩɫɺɭɷ ɝɭɫɣɲʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɚɥ ɰɩɫɩɳɠ ɫɛɟʀɭɣ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɬɮ ɭʀɨɷ ɩɪɛɟɛɾ Ȳ ɧɣɭʀ ɡɩɟɨɩʁ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɢɛɨɩɝɩ ɪɩ ʀɨɳɩɧɮ ɪɫɩ ɡɣɭɷ Ɇɹɟɣ ɫʀɢɨʀ « ɨɛɬ ɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɬɣɧɪɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɞɛɫɨʀ ʀ ɲɮɟɨʀ ɂ ɭɝ Ƚ Ɍɣ ɧɩɨɠɨɥɛ Ɍɦɩɝɛ ɟɦɺ ɝɬɭɛɝɩɥ ɨʀɡ ɜɠɢ ɨɛ ɨɠ ɟɝʀɲʀ ɴɩɜ ɬɠɫɠɟ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɥɢɲɟ ɬɿ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɧɟɦɚɽ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɜɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɑɢ ɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ"
Ɋɫɩ ɥɫɛɬɮ ɡ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɛ ɩɭɡɠ ɤ ȿɮɳʀ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɣ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɟɮ ɧɛɭɣ ɟɜɛɭɣ ɥɮɦɷɭɣɝɮɝɛɭɣ ʁʁ ɭɛ ɝɬʀɦɺɥɩ ɪɫɣɴɠɪɦɹɝɛɭɣ Ʌɫɛɬɣɝɛ ɞɛɫɨɛ ɲɠɬɨɛ ɟɮɳɛ ³ ɱɠ ɥɫɛɬɣɝʀ ɟɮɧɥɣ ɢɛ ɺɥɣɧɣ ³ ɥɫɛɬɣɝʀ ɟʀɦɛ ɱɠ ɫɩɜɩɭɺɴʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɝɛɞɛ ɟɩ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ³ ɡɣɝɩɞɩ ʀ ɧɠɫɭɝɩɞɩ ɧɛɦɩɞɩ ɤ ɝɠɦɣ ɥɩɞɩ Ɇɹɟɣ ɢ ɥɫɛɬɣɝɣɧɣ ɟɮɳɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɢɟɛɭɨʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɦʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɧʀɢɠɫʀɹ ɝɩɨɣ ɧʀɫɺɹɭɷ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɧʀɫɩɹ ɢɛ ɟɩɜɫɩ ɪɦɛɭɺɭɷ ɬɭɩɫɣɱɠɹ Ʌɫɛɬɛ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɛ ɨɛɧ ɺɥ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ Ɇɹɟɣɨɛ ɜɠɢ ɥɫɛɬɣ ɜɠɢ ɦɹɜɩɝʀ ³ ɮɜɩɞɛ Ȳ ɺɥ ɜɣ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɠ ɥɦɺɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɨɛɤɴɣɫʀɳɣɰ ʀ ɨɛɤɦʀɪɳɣɰ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɩɲɮɝɛɨɨɺɰ ɬɥʀɦɷ ɥɣ ɜ ɨɠ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɦɛ ɪɫɩ ɺɥɮɬɷ ɝɬɠɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɮ ɦɹɜɩɝ ³ ɭɩ ɪɮɬɭɠ Ɇɹɜɩɝ ɢɛɝɳɠ ɥɩɨɥɫɠɭɨɛ Ȳ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɩɨɛ ɢ ɧɛɦɩɞɩ ɝ ɧʀɫɮ ɪʀɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɫɩɢɫɩɬɭɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɟɩ ɨɠɲɮɝɛɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɧʀɫʀɝ Ȼɦɠ ɤ ɭɩɟʀ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ʁʁ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɩɭɠ ɪɠɫ ɝɣɨɨɠ ɲɮɭɭɺ Ƚɩɨɩ ³ ɺɥ ɢɜɮɟɨɣɥ ɧɩɝ ɛɭɩɧɨɛ ɥɫɣɰʀɭɥɛ ɴɩ ɡɣɝɣɭɷ ʀ ɫɮɰɛɾ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɹ ɧɛɳɣɨɮ« ɇ ɉɦʀɤɨɣɥ
II. ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɿʀ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɭ ´ȿɮɳɠɝɨɛ ɥɫɛɬɛ ʀ ɦɹɜɩɝ ɟɩ ɦɹɟɠɤµ 519. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɐɩɲ ɟɩ ɫɛɨɣ ɥɦɛɟɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɭɣɰɣɤ ɪɩɟɛɭɦɣɝɣɤ ɨɠ ɝ ɭʀɧ·ɺ ɜɣɭɣɤ ɫɩɢɮɧ ɨɣɤ ɭɺɧɮɴɣɤ ʀ ɝ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɬɩɜʀ ɨɠ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɢɟɩɞɛɟɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɜɠɢ ɥɠɫɧɛ ʀ ɜɠɢ ɝʀɭɫɣɦ ɜɠɢ ɧɠɭɣ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɭɣ ɢ ɨʀɞ ɨɛ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɪɠɫɠɥɫɮɭɣɭɣ ɨɠ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ ɝɣɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɛ ɥʀɭ ɥɩɝɜɛɬɥɮ ɮɧɣɨɛɾ ɨɠɨɛɲɠ ɤ ɨɠ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɫʀɲ ɥɩɧɮɬɷ ɜɛɤɟɮɡʀ ɟɩɥɩɫɣ ɞɫɛɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɥɩɭɛ ʀ ɧɣɳɥɣ ɰɣɭɫɮɝɛɭɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɦɮɡɜɩɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ ʀ ɝɣɞɮɥ
ÏÐÈÉÌÅÍÍÈÊ § 53.
ɉɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤ ɹɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɜɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɦɨɜɢ
Ɋɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɡ ɺɝɣɴɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɛɧɣ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɮ ɬɦɩɝɩɬɪɩɦɮɲɠɨɨɺɰ ʁɰɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɬɠɦɛ ʁɰɛɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɬɠɦɛ ʁɰɛɭɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɬɠɦɩ ʁɰɛɭɣ ɪɩɝɢ ɬɠɦɩ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɡ ɭɣɧɣ ɬɛɧɣɧɣ ɟʀɾɹ ɭɛ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɩɧ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɹɭɷ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɪɫɣ ɤ ɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ Ȳ ɬɛɧɠ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ʁɧ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɭɣɰ ɬɛɧɣɰ ɬɦʀɝ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɫɛɢɮ ɟʀɬɭɛɾ ʀɨɳɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ Ɋɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɝɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɲɦɠɨʀɝ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ ɛɦɠ ɬɛɧʀ ɲɦɠ ɨɛɧɣ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɹɭɷ Ɋɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ 520. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ɣ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤ ɹɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɜɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɭ ɦɨɜɢ ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛ ɑɣɯɫɩɝɣɤ ɥɩɟ
ɂɛ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ
ɂ ɺɥɣɧ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɩɧ ɝɡɣɭɩ
Ɉɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ
³
³
³
ɨɠɪɩɰʀɟɨɣɤ
³
ɩɟɨɣɧ ɬɦɩɝɩɧ
ɪɩɰʀɟɨɣɤ
ɋ
ɟɝɩɧɛ ʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ
ȿ
ɲɠɫɠɢ ɟɠɯʀɬ
ɂɨ
ɉɫ
ɇ
Ɋɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥ ɺɥ ɬɦɮɡɜɩɝɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɩɝɣ
521. ɍ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɞɿɣɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɠ ɹɜɢɳɚɦɢ ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɨɜɿ ɱɚɫɨɜɿ ɩɪɢ ɱɢɧɨɜɿ ɦɟɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɞɿʀ ɦɿɪɢ ɦɿɠɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɿ ɬɨɳɨ Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɣ ɡɪɨ ɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɧɚ ɹɤɿ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɤɚɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ
Ƚʀɭɠɫ ɢʀ ɬɰɩɟɮ ɪɫɣɤɳɩɝ ɟɩ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɬʀɝ ɪʀɟ ɟɠɫɠɝɩɧ ɢɛ ɟɨɺ ɩ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɞɩ ɟɣɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɬɝʀɭɛɨɥɩɧ ɬɥɫɣɝɣɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɜɩɦɹ ɪɩɧɣɦɣɝɬɺ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɨɠɮɝɛɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɩɳɭɣ ɨɛ ɫɠɧɩɨɭ ɪʀɳɩɝ ɪɩ ɝɩɟɮ ɝʀɟ ɴɣɫɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɱɺ ɬɭɛɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨ ɨɺɧ ɟɩ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩʁ ɥɫɛɪɦʀ ɥɦɹɲ ɝʀɟ ɟɝɠɫɠɤ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ ɜɠɢ ɝʀɥɩɨ
522. Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɜɿɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ ɦɨɜɢ ɜɨɧɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɩɨɯɨɞɢɬɢ ɂ ɢɛ ɦʀɬɮ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɰɧɛɫɣ ɥɫɛɤ ɳɦɺɰɮ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɭɣɡɨɺ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɢʀ ɨɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɰɩɦɩɟ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɬɭɛɝɮ ɩɜɛɜʀɲ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɨɛɪɠɫɠɟɩɟɨʀ ɬɝɺɭɛ
523. ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɧɭ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ɥɢɲɟ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɬɨɝɨ ɡ ɹɤɢɦ ɜɿɞɦɿɧ ɤɨɦ ʀɯ ɜɠɢɬɨ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɂ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɧ
ɂ ɟɛɝɛɦɷɨɣɧ
ɂʀ ɢɨɛɰʀɟɨɣɧ
ɂ ɩɫɮɟɨɣɧ
ɂ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣɧ
ɂ ɦʀɬɮ ɢ ɟɠɬɺɭɩɥ ɢ ɬɣɨɩɧ ɮ ɨɛɬ ɮ ɰɛɭɮ ɮ ɰɛɭʀ ɢɛ Ȳɝɛɨɛ ɇɛɢɠɪɣ ɢɛ ȿɨʀ ɪɫɩ ɢɛ ɬɛɟɩɧ ɨɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɨɛ ɪɩɝʀɭɫʀ ɨɛɟ ɰɧɛɫɣ ɨɛɟ ɬɠɦɩɧ ɪʀɟ Ɉɩɝɣɤ ɫʀɥ ɪʀɟ ɟɮɜɩɧ ɧʀɡ ɦɹɟɣ ɧʀɡ ɥɮɴɛɧɣ ɪɩ ɥɩɦʀɨɛ ɪɩ ɟɩɫɩɞɛɰ ɜɠɢ ɝɛɞɛɨɷ ɟɩ ɨɛɬ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɜɮɫɹ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɟɠɨɷ ɪɫɣ ɜɛɭɷɥɛɰ ɝɬɮɪɠɫɠɲ ɪɫɩɞɨɩɢɛɧ ɨɛɪɠɫɠɥʀɫ ɟɩɦʀ
524. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɜɲɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɯ ɦɨɜɢ ɜɠɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɫɹ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ
Ɋɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɝɥɛɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɩɝʀ ɲɛɬɩɝʀ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɩɝʀ ɧɠɭɣ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɮ ɟʀʁ ɧʀɡɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɨʀ Ɋɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɟʀɾ ɬɦʀɝ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ Ɋɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɪ·ɺɭɷɧɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɛɧɣ ɥɫʀɧ ɨɛ ɢɣɝɨɩɞɩ ɤ ɥɦɣɲɨɩɞɩ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɝɡɣɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɭɫɷɩɧɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɛɧɣ ɛ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɦɣɳɠ ɢ ɩɟɨɣɧ Ɉɛɤɧɠɨɳɠ ɾ ɪɫɣ ɤɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɟɛɝɛɦɷɨɣɧ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɩɧ Ɋɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɣ ʀɧɠɨɨɣɥɛɰ ɭɛ ɢɛɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛɰ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɦɮɡɜɩɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ ʀ ɝɣɞɮɥ
ȱ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡ ɧɟɩɨɯɿɞɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧ ɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɡ ɩɨɯɿɞɧɢɦɢ
ɂɟɣɜɛɝɬɺ ɢ ɟɫɮɞɩɧ ɪɫɣɬʀɝ ɥɩɦɩ ɧɠɨɠ ɪɩɥɦɛɝ ɮ ɳɮɰɦɺɟɮ ɮɜɩɦʀɝɛɾ ɢɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ ɫɩɬɭɠ ɨɛɝɪɫɩɭɣ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɢɜɩɫɣ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɦʀɭɛ ɢɫɮɜɛɝ ɪɫɣ ɥɩɫɠɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɪɫɩ ɢɛɪɛɬ ɝɣɞɦɺɨɮɝ ɢ ɢɛ ɫɩɞɮ
II. Ɂ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ´ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɤ ɜɮɟɠµ. ȱ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɜɠɢɬɨ ɡ ɪɨɞɨɜɢɦ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɨɦ ɡɿ ɡɧɚɯɿɞɧɢɦ ɡ ɨɪɭɞɧɢɦ ɡ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɢɦ ɍɫɛɪɣɦɩɬɷ ɮ ɭɫɛɝɨʀ ɝɣɫʀɬ ɨɛɟ ɧɩɫɠɧ ɬɭɛɝ ɜʀɦɺ ɪɩɫɩɞɛ ɦɣɳɣɝɬɺ ɜɠɢ ɞɫɩ ɳɠɤ ɩɜʀɲ ɟɩɫɩɞɣ ɠɥɬɪɠɫɣɧɠɨɭ ɮ ɦɛɜɩɫɛɭɩɫʀʁ ɨɛɟʀɺɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɣɪɛɟɩɥ ʀɳɩɝ ɢ ɜɛɭɷɥɩɧ ɝɣɞɦɺɨɮɝ ɢ ɝʀɥɨɛ ɫɩɬɭɠ ɨɛ ɞɩɫʀ ɛɞʀɭɛɱʀɺ ɢɛ ɥɛɨɟɣɟɛɭʀɝ ɛɜɬɭɫɛɞɮɤ ɧɩɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɲɛɬɭɥɩɝɩɬɭɠɤ
II. Ɂ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ´Ɉɠ ɥɣɟɛɤ µ 527*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɱɢ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɠɤɚɯ ɭ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɭ Ʌɩɦɣ ɰɦʀɜ ɨɛ ɝʀɢ ɭɩ ɨɠɧɛ ɜʀɟɣ ɝ ɟɩɫɩɞɛ ȼɠɢ ɪɫɛɱɺ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɠɳ ɐɩɲɠɳ ʁɬɭɣ ɥɛɦɛɲʀ ɨɠ ɬɣɟɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɲ ɚɥ ɾ ɩɰɩɭɛ ɭɩ ʀ ɪʀɟ ɞɩɫɛ ɪɩɭɺɞɨɠ ɛ ɺɥ ɨɠɧɛ ɭɩ ʀ ɢ ɞɩɫɛ ɨɠ ɢɫɮɳɣɭɷ ɂ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɩ ɟɫɮɡɣɭɣ ³ ɝ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɨɠ ɭɮɡɣɭɣ
528. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɿ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ Ɍɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɧɠɟ ɨɠ ɞɩɝɩɫɣ ɫɩɭʀ ɬɩɦɩɟɥɩ ɨɠ ɜɮɟɠ ɦɛɬɥɛɝɠ ɬɦɩɝɩ ɨɠ ɥɣɟɛɤɬɺ ɛ ɞɫɮɜɠ ɨɠ ɞɨʀɝɛɤɬɺ Ɍɦɩɝɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ ³ ɢɦɩɡɣɭɷɬɺ ɧɩɝɛ ȿɠ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɟʀɦɩɧ ɫɩɢɰɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɭɛɧ ɨɠɪɩɫɺɟɥɣ ɝɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɚɥ ɝɣɪɮɬɭɣɳ ɬɝɩ ɞɩ ɺɢɣɥɛ ɭɩ ɲɮɡɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɝɟɠɫɡɣɳ Ɉɠɧɛ ɥɛɢɥɣ ɪɫɛɝɟɣ Ɉɛɮɥɛ « ɦʀɬ ɨɠ ɝɠɟɠ ɛ « ɦʀɬɮ ɝɣɝɩɟɣɭɷ Ɍɦɩɝɛ ɟɦɺ ɝɬɭɛɝɩɥ ɜɠɢ ɝʀɟ ɟɝʀɲʀ ɟɩ ɢ ɟɝʀɲʀ ɝ ɢɛ ɢʀ ɨɛ ɟɝʀɲʀ ɪɫɩ ɮ
Ɋɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥ ɺɥ ɬɦɮɡɜɩɝɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧɩɝɣ
529. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɿ ɡ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ ɜɠɢɬɿ ɬɭɬ ɩɪɢ ɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ Ⱦɨ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɭ ɞɨɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɞɿɽɫɥɨɜɨ
Ɏ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ Ɏ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ ɂ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ Ƚʀɟ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ ȿɩ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ Ɋɠɫɠɟ ɜɮ ɟɣɨɥɩɧ ɂɛ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɩɧ ɂɛ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ Ɋʀɟ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɩɧ Ɋʀɟ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ Ɉɛ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ Ɉɛ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ Ɉɛɟ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɩɧ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ Ɋɫɣ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ ȿɩɝɥɩɦɛ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ
530. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɣ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɡ ɜɢɞɿɥɟɧɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɩɪɢ ɫɥɿɜɧɢɤɢ əɤ ʀɯ ɪɨɡɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶ"
Ɍɨʀɞ ɭɛ ɤ ɬɨʀɞ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɦʀɞ ɇ ɋɣɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɂɛɜʀɦʀɦɣ ɬɨʀɞɣ ɨɛɝɥɩ ɦɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɢɛɞɮɦɺɦɣ ɰɮɫɭɩɝɣɨɣ ɉ ȿɩɝɡɠɨɥɩ ȼɮɦɩ ɮɰɝɛɦɠɨɩ ɤɭɣ ɨɛɢɮ ɬɭɫʀɲ ɐɧɠɦɷɨɣɱɷɥɩɧɮ Ɉ ɋɣɜɛɥ Ɉɛɢɮɬɭɫʀɲ ɢɟʀɤɧɛɦɩɬɺ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɝ ɜɫɩɨɢʀ ʀ ɢɩɦɩɭʀ ɟɠɫɠɝ Ɉɛɪɠɫɠɟɩɟɨʀ ɳɦɹɜɮ ɢ·ʁɰɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɛɮɦ ɬɮɬʀɟɣ ɂ ɭɝ ɂ ɍɮ ɦɮɜ Ɉɛɪɠɫɠɟɩɟɨʀ ɝɬɹ ɨʀɲ ɪɛɟɛɝ ɬɨʀɞ ɉ ȿɩɨɲɠɨɥɩ
531. ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɡ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɨɧɢ ɫɬɨɫɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɿ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ ɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɢɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ ´ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɪɫɣ ɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛµ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɨɛɟ ɞɩɫɩɹ ³ ). ɂɩɫɠ ɧɩɺ ɝɠɲʀɫɨɺɺ ɢʀɤɟɣ ɨɛɟ ɞɩɫɩɹ ɪɩɞɩɝɩɫɣɧ ɭɣɰɠɬɠɨɷɥɩ ɝ ɨɠɝɩɦʀ ɢ ɭɩɜɩɹ ɋɩɢɥɛɡɣ ɺɥ ɢɛ ɞɩɫɩɹ ɬɩɨɠɲɥɩ ɬʀɟɛɾ ɺɥ ɮ ȿɨʀɪɫɛ ɝɠɬɠɦɩɲɥɛ ɝɩɟɮ ɪɩɢɣɲɛɾ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɞɫʀɾ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɝʀɾ ɢ ɪɩɦɺ ɨɛ ɟɩɦɣɨɮ ɨɛɟ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɞɨɠ ɢ ɝɠɫɜɩɹ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɮ ɥɛɦɣɨɮ Ɍɛɟɩɥ ɝɣɳɨɠɝɣɤ ɥɩɦɩ ɰɛɭɣ ɰɫɮɴʀ ɨɛɟ ɝɣɳɨɺɧɣ ɞɮɟɮɭɷ Ƚɬɭɛɾɳ ʀɢ ɢɛ ɧɩɫɺ ɢ ɢɛ ɭɮɧɛɨɮ ɬɦɮɰɨɺɨɛ ɫɩɡɠɝɛ ɢɩɫɠ ɂ ɭɝ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɛ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɫɿ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɡ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɨɤ
Ɇɹɜɥɛ ɪɩɢɛɲɣɨɺɦɛ ɝʀɥɨɛ ɤ ɟɝɠɫʀ ɛɦɠ ɥɩɦɣ Ȳɝɛɳɥɩ ɪɮɬɭɣɝ ɞɩɦɮɜɛ ɟɩɟɩɦɮ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɣɜɣɝɛɝ ɳɣɜɩɥ Ƚʀɨ ɬɰɣɦɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɟɣɨ ɜʀɥ ɪɩɰɨɹɪɣɝ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɤ ɢɛ ɬɭɣɞ Ȳɝɛɳɥɩ ɢɛɥɦɩɪɩɭɛɨɩ ɬɮɪɣɝ ɜɫɩɝɣ ɤ ɢɛɰɩɟɣɝ ɭɩ ɢ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɜɩɥɮ ɭɩ ɢ ɟɫɮɞɩɞɩ ʀ ɝɬɠ ɪɫɣɟɣɝɦɺɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɥɫɣɦ ³ Ɋɠɫɠɜɣɭɠ ɥɫɣɦɩ ³ ɬɮɝɩɫɩ ɨɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ ɝʀɨ ³ ȼɛɲ ɺɥ ɭɺɞɛɾ ɍɠ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɛ ɱɠ ɩɨ ɪɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝɩɦɩɲɣɭɷɬɺ ³ Ȼ ɧɩɡɠ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɜɣɭɠ ɛ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɛɥ ɢɛɜɣɝ ɛɜɩɴɩ" Ⱦɛ" ³ ɍɛ ɧɩɡɠ Ȼ ɞɩɦɮɜ ɜɮɝ ɲɮɟɠɬɨɣɤ Ɉɠ ɺɥɣɤɬɷ ɬɩɜʀ ɭɛɧ ɬɣɝɛɥ ɥɩɪʀɤɲɛɨɣɤ ɛ ɭɛɥɩʁ ɲɣɬ ɭɩʁ ɬʀɫɩʁ ɧɛɬɭʀ ɴɩ ɢɟɛɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɮɧɣɬɨɩ ɥɩɦɣ ɞɩɦɮɜ ɜɮɝ ɮɝɠɬɷ ɲɩɫɨɣɤ ɮɢɺɝ ɭɛ ɫʀɝɨɠɨɷɥɩ ɤ ɟɫʀɜɨɠɨɷɥɩ ɪɩɱɹɥɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɜʀɦɣɧ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɥʀɨɱʀ ɪʀɫ·ʁɨ ɨɛ ɰɝɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ɨɛ ɥɫɣɦɛɰ ɦɣɳɣɦɣɬɺ ɲɩɫɨʀ ɺɥ ɮ ɲɩɫɨɣɦɩ ɨɛ ɪɛɦɠɱɷ ɮɧɩɲɠɨʀ ɉɤ ɨɠɟɠɳɠɝɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɞɩɦɮɜ ɭɛ ɨɠɟɠɳɠɝɣɤ Ⱦɩɦʀɝɥɛ ɡ ɺɥɛ ɧɛɦɠɬɠɨɷɥɛ ɝɣɭɩɨɲɠɨɛ ɨɠ ɥɫɮɞɦɛ ɛ ɟɩɝɞɛɬɭɠɨɷɥɛ Ȼ ɟɢɷɩɜɣɥ ɱɠ ɡ ɨɠ ɟɢɷɩɜɣɥ ɛ ɪɳɠɨɣɲɨɠ ɢɠɫ ɨɺɭɥɩ ɨʀɡɨɠ ɫɩɡɠɝɠ ɭɮɪɠɨɷɥɠ ɓɣɤɥɛ ɞɩɫɟɛ ɨɠ ɟɩɝɞɛ ɤ ɨɠ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɛ ɬɪɣ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɦɮɡɜɩɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ ʀ ɝɣɞɮɥ
ɨɛ ɝɝʀɞɨɮɭɛ ɰɝʀɬɭ ɭɫɮɜɩɹ ʀ ɪʀɫ·ʁɨ ɮ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɟɠɬɷ ɨɠ ɧɠɨɳɠ ɭɫɣɟɱɺɭɣ ɳɠɬɭɣ Ȼ ɥɫɣɦɛ ɡ ɝɣɟɥɩ ɭɛɥʀ ɦɠɞɥʀ ɭɛ ɬɣɦɷɨʀ ɴɩ ɺɥ ɪɮɳɣɨɥɮ ɭʀɦɩ ɨɩɬɺɭɷ Ȳɝɛɳɥɩɝʀ ɨɠ ɭɠɫɪʀɦɩɬɺ ɰɩɲ ɨɛ ɰɝɣɦɣɨɥɮ ɝɢɺɭɣ ɞɩɦɮɜɛ ɝ ɫɮɥɣ ɤ ɪɩɫɛɰɮ ɝɛɭɣ ɪʀɫ·ɺ ɝ ɰɝɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ɨɛ ɥɫɣɦɛɰ Ȼɦɠ ɡ ɞɩɦɮɜ ʁɝ ɭɛ ʁɝ ɨɠ ɬɪɩɲɣɝɛɹɲɣ« Ƚ Ƚɣɨɨɣɲɠɨɥɩ
II. Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɮɨɬɨɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ Ɉɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɿ ɜɢ ɹɤɨɝɨɫɶ ɩɬɚɯɚ ɱɢ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɭ ɬɚɤ ɞɨ ɤɥɚɞɧɨ ɿ ɜ ɩɟɜɧɿɣ ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɹɤ ɰɟ ɡɪɨɛɢɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɢɤ
533. Ɂɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɿɡɦɢ ɬɚ ʀɯɧɽ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɂ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ Ƚɪɛɟɛɭɣ ɝ ɩɲʀ ɜɮɭɣ ɪɩɧʀɭɨɣɧ ɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɩɲɣɧɛ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɮɺɝʀ ɨɛ ɩɲɛɰ ɟɮɡɠ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɪɩɧʀɭɨɩ ɝɢɺɭɣ ɝ ɫɩɢɮɧ ɮɬɝʀɟɩɧɣɭɣ ɢɫɩɢɮ ɧʀɭɣ ɝɜɣɭɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɝ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɝɪɠɫɭɩ ɭɫɣɧɛɭɣɬɺ ɺɥɣɰɩɬɷ ɟɮɧɩɥ ɜɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɛɲɠ ɪɭɛɰ ɮ ɥɦʀɭɱʀ ɡɣɭɣ ɝ ɭɺɡɥɣɰ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɢ ɪʀɟ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɟʀɬɭɛɨɠ ɜɮɟɷ ɴɩ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠ ɬɝɩɞɩ
ȿɠɺɥʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɝɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ
§ 54.
Ⱦɟɹɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ
ȱ ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɡ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɚɦɢ ɜɠɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤ ɪɩ. ȳɢɟɺɭɷ ɪɩ ɟɩɫɩɞɛɰ ɪɦɣɝɮɭɷ ɪɩ ȿɨʀɪɫɮ ɨɠ ɬɪɛɝ ɪɩ ɨyɲɛɰ ɝɣɟɨɩ ɪɩ ɩɲɛɰ ɲɠɫɞɩɝɣɤ ɪɩ ɳɥɩɦʀ ɪʀɳɩɝ ɪɩ ɝɩɟɮ ʀ ɪɩ ɱɠɤ ɟɠɨɷ
ȱȱ əɤ ɳɟ ɿɧɚɤɲɟ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢɬɢ ɡɦɿɫɬ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɶ"
535. ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɱɟɪɝɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɮ ³ ɝ ɣ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɿɜ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɮ ɬɚ ɝ. ȼɮɦɣ ɝ ɳɥɩɦʀ ³ ɜɮɝ ɮ ɳɥɩɦʀ Ɇɛɬɭʀɝɥɛ ɝ ɨɠɜʀ ³ ɺɬɭɫɮɜ ɮ ɨɠɜʀ ɉɬɭɫʀɝ ɝ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ³ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɮ ɧɩɫʀ ɍɣɰɩ ɝ ɥʀɧɨɛɭʀ ³ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɢɛɤɳɦɩ ɮ ɥʀɧɨɛɭʀ ɪɩɬɮɭɠ ɨʀɦɩ ɂɛɤɳɩɝ ɮ ɝɩɟɮ ³ ɢɛɤɳɦɛ ɮ ɝɩɟɮ Ʌɩɨɱɠɫɭ ɮ ɯʀɦɛɫɧɩɨʀʁ ³ ɥɩɨɱɠɫɭɣ ɝ ɯʀɦɛɫɧɩɨʀʁ
536. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɝɨɥɨɫ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɣ ɫɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɚ ɪɿɚɧɬɿɜ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɢ ʀɢ ɢʀ. Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɞɫʀɾ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɝʀɾ ɢ ɪɩɦɺ ɨɛ ɟɩɦɣɨɮ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ Ɉʀ ɭɩ ɨɠ ɬɭɛ ɝɩɥ ɭɩ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɨɠɜɩ ɢ ɧʀɬɺɱɠɧ ʀɢ ɢɩɫɺɧɣ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ȳɢ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɨɛɬɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɭɠɧɨɩ ɬɣɨʀ ɰɧɛɫɣ Ɋ Ʌɩɦɠɬɨɣɥ Ȼ ɝɡɠ ɝɠɬɨɛ ɛ ɝɡɠ ɥɫɛɬɨɛ Ȳɢ ɬɭɫʀɰ ɝɩɟɛ ɥɛɪɦɠ Ɉɛɫɩɟɨɛ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɷ Ȼ ɧɣ ɡ ɨɠ ɫɛɢ ʀɢ ɨɣɧ ɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɪɩ ɥɣɬɦɣɱʀ Ƚ Ɍɩɬɹɫɛ ɂʀ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɨɛ ɧɛɤɟɛɨ ɝɣɝɛɦɣɦɛ ɟʀɭɝɩɫɛ Ȼ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɥɩ ɇɛɫɮɬɺ ɪɩɫɮɲ ɢʀ ɧɨɩɹ ɬɣɟɣɭɷ ʀ ɬɦɮɰɛɾ ɇɛɫɥɩ Ƚɩɝɲɩɥ
Ɋɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥ ɪɩ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɢ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣɧ ɭɛ ɢɨɛɰʀɟɨɣɧ ɝʀɟɧʀɨ ɥɛɧɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɤ ɲɛɬ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɛɭɣ ɩɫɮɟɨɣɧ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɥɩɧ ɜɠɢ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɛ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɮɨɣɥɛɾ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɢɜʀɞɮ ɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɰ ɛ ɪɩ ɭʀɧ ³ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɰ Ɋɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɪɛɮɢɮ ɬɦʀɟ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɭɣ ɺɥ ɪɫɣɞɩ ɦɩɬɨɣɤ Ɋɠɫɠɟ ɝ ɭɛ ɯ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɮ ɴɩɜ ɮɨɣɥɨɮɭɣ ɢɜʀɞɮ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɰ ɢɝɮɥʀɝ ɂɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɝɛɫʀɛɨɭ ɢ Ƚɛɫʀɛɨɭɣ ʀɢ ɢʀ ɝɡɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɭɩɟʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɮɨɣɥɨɮɭɣ ɨɠɧɣɦɩɢɝɮɲɨɩɞɩ ɢɜʀɞɮ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɬɨɣɰ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɦɮɡɜɩɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ ʀ ɝɣɞɮɥ
537. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɡ ɹɤɢɦ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɤɨɦ ɜɠɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤ ɪɩ ɋɩɪɨ ɛɭɣɬɟ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ
ɂ ɭɩɜɩɹ ɩɜɨɺɝɳɣɬɷ ɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɧɣ ɪɩ ɜɫɛɭɨʀɰ ɬɭɠɡɥɛɰ Ɋ ɍɣɲɣɨɛ Ɉɛɳʀ ɜɛɭɷɥɣ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɢɛɥɛɧɣ ɪɩ ȿɨʀɪɫɮ ɡɣɦɣ ɇɛɫɥɩ Ƚɩɝɲɩɥ ɂɠ ɦɠɨʀɹɭɷ ɪɩ ɬɛɟɩɲɥɮ ɲɠɫɠɳɨʀ ɭɛ ɝɣɳɨʀ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩ Ɋɩ ɟɩɫɩɢʀ ɟɩ ɰɛɭɣ ɟɺɟɷɥɩ ɢʀɫɝɛɝ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɥɝʀɭɩɲɩɥ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹɜɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ʌɫɮɭɣɦɛɬɷ ɭɛɫʀɦɩɲɥɛ ɪɩ ɥɫɮɭʀɤ ɞɩɫʀ Ɋʀɳɩɝ ȿʀɟɩɥ ɮ ɦʀɬ ɪɩ ɟɫɩɝɛ ɂ ɭɝ Ɇ Ⱦɦʀɜɩɝ Ɋɩ ɰɛɭɛɰ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɭɷ ɬɝʀɭɣɭɣ ɬɝʀɭɦɩ Ȼ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɥɩ
538. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɿɪɲ ɭɝɨɥɨɫ ɉɪɨ ɳɨ ɬɭɬ ɦɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ" ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɡ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɒɠɰɣ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɣɦɣ Ɋɫɛɞɮ ɢɨʀɧɲɠɨɮ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɣɝ Ȳɢɫɛʁɦɷ ɧɠɫɭɝɮ ɧɩɝɮ ³ ȿɣɝɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭ ɧɩɝ ɥɩɦɣɬɷ ɪɫɣɞɨʀɲɠɨɣɰ Ƚɩɢɫɩɟɣɬɷ ʀ ɭɣ ɮ ɫʀɟɨʀɧ ɬɦɩɝʀ Ɋɣɤ ɢ ɥɫɣɨɣɱɷ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɩɝɣɰ ɏɫɛɨɥɩɝɣɰ Ɋɫɛɢɨɣɥɮɤ ɺɥ ɬɩɦɩɝɠɤɥɩ ɝ ɴɠɜɠɭʀ ɔɩɜ ɝ ɲɮɡɩɧɮ ɬɦɩɝʀ ɨɠ ɢɩɬɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɔɩɜ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɬɝʀɤ ɨɠ ɢɜʀɟɨɣɝ ɨɛ ɬɠɜɠ ɭɣ Ɉɠ ɢɜʀɟɨɣɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɨɛ ɫʀɟɨɮ ɨɛɱʀɹ Ƚ Ƚɛɬɣɦɛɳɥɩ
539*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɞɭɠɤɢ ɂɛ ɝʀɭɫɩɧ ɬɦɛɝɛ ɪɩɦɠɭʀɦɛ ɪɩ ɝɬʀɰ ɮɬɹɟɣ ʀ ɥɮɭɥɣ ³ ɪɩ ɜɛɤɫɛɥɣ ʀ ɪɩ ɬɛɟɥɣ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ³ ɛɡ ɢɛ ɬɣɨɾ ɧɩɫɠ Ɇ Ⱦɦʀɜɩɝ Ɋɩ ɰɝɣɦʀ ɜɦɛɥɣɭɨʀ ɪɦɣɝɠ ɲɩɝɠɨ ɪɫɮɟɥɩ Ɇɠɬɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɥɛ Ɋɩ ɞɩɫɩɜɱʀ ɢ ɞɛɫɧɛɭ ɨɠ ɬɭɫʀɦɺɹɭɷ ȼʀɟɛ ɨɠ ɬɪɣɭɷ ɛ ɪɩ ɦɹɟɣ ɰɩɟɣɭɷ Ɉɛɫɩɟɨɛ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɷ
ȱ Ɂɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɡɿ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɦ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɝ ɡɿ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɦ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ ɮ. ɔɩɟɨɺ ɫɩɜɩɭʀ ɩɢɣɧɣɨɛ ɪɩɦʀ ɫɣɜɛ ɝɩɟʀ ɜɛɞɛɡ ɛɝɭɩɜɮɬʀ ɩɜɝɛɦ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɮɫɛɞɛɨ ɩɥɠɛɨʀ ɨʀɟɠ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɢɬɣɪɛɝ ɢɛɬʀɥ ɮɫɛɞɛɨ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ʀɬɥɫɛ ɪɩɪɠɦʀ ɧʀɬɭ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɾ ɜɮɝ ɭɠɛɭɫʀ ɤɟɮɭɷ ʀɨɬɭɣɭɮɭ ɮɟɛɫɣɝ ɟɢɝʀɨ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɦɛ ɯʀɦɛɫɧɩɨʀʁ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɫɥɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ´Ɉɛ ɭɠ ɞɩɦɩɝɛ µ. 541. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɛɢɪɚɸɱɢ ɡ ɞɭɠɨɤ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ Ɍɩɨɱɠ ɞɫʀɾ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɝʀɾ ɢ ʀɢ ɢʀ ɪɩɦɺ ɨɛ ɟɩɦɣɨɮ Ȳ ɜɦʀɟɣɤ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ɨɛ ɭɮ ɪɩɫɮ ɟɠ ɟɠ ɢ ʀɢ ɢʀ ɰɧɛɫɣ ɝɣɞɦɺɟɛɝ ɂ ɭɝ ɍ ɓɠɝɲɠɨɥɛ Ƚɣ ɴɛɬɦɣɝʀ ɰɩɦɩɟɨʀʁ ɢɩɫʀ ɺɬɨʀ ɭɝɠɫɟʀ ɨɠɨɛɲɠ ɢ ʀɢ ɢʀ ɥɫɣɳɭɛɦɹ Ɏɡɠ ɬɥɩɭɣɦɩɬɷ
ȿɠɺɥʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɝɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ
ɢ ʀɢ ɢʀ ɨɠɜɛ ɬɩɨɱɠ ³ ɢɛɞɦɺɨɮɝ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ɮ ɧɩɾ ɝʀɥɩɨɱɠ ɂ ɭɝ Ɇɠɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨ ɥɣ Ɍɭɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɧɣ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɢ ʀɢ ɢʀ ɧɩɫɺ ɂ ɪʀɟ ɬɩɬɠɨ ɺɥ ɢ ʀɢ ɢʀ ɝʀɥɩɨ ɝɣɟɨʀɦɣɬɷ ɟɛɦɠɥʀ ʀ ɜɦɣɢɷɥʀ ɞɩɫɣ Ɇɣɳ ɟɠ ɨɠ ɟɠ ɪɫɩɥɣɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɪɭɛɳ ɥɛ ɨɠɪɠɝɨɣɧ ɞɩɦɩɬɩɧ ɩɜʀɢɝɠɭɷɬɺ ɢ ʀɢ ɢʀ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɢɛɭɣɳɥɮ ɂ ɭɝ ɇ Ʌɩɱɹ ɜɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ
542. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɢ ʀɢ ɫɥɨ ɜɚɦ ɩɪɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɨɧɢ ɫɬɨɹɬɶ
ɔɩɬɷ ʀɢ ɧʀɬɺɱɷ ʀɳɦɛ ɜɛɭɛɦʀɺ Ɋɛɨɛɬ ɇɣɫɨɣɤ ɋɛɢʀɝ ʀɢ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɋɺɜ ɥɛ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɩɟɦɣɝɛɦɣ Ɋ Ⱦɮɦɛɥ Ȼɫɭɠɧɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ Ɋɫɩɤɳɩɝɳɣ ɝʀɟɬʀɦɷ ɞɩɨʀɝ ɢ ɟɝɩɾ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɦɣ ɴɩ ɩɬɷ ɦɠɡɛɝ ɮ ɜɮɫ·ɺɨʀ ȼɫɩɝɥɩ Ȳ Ʌɩɭɦɺɫɠɝɬɷɥɣɤ
543. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɱɚɫɭ ɿ ɡɚɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɚɣɬɟ ɹɤ ɜɨɧɢ ɬɜɨ ɪɹɬɶɫɹ Ɂɚ ɰɢɦɢ ɡɪɚɡɤɚɦɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɫɜɨʀ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɣ ɭɜɟɞɿɬɶ ʀɯ ɭ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ
ɉ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɞɩɟɣɨʀ ɢɛ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɰɝɣɦɣɨ ɟɫɮɞɛ ɟɠɬɺɭɷ ɰɝɣɦɣɨ ɨɛ ɭɫɠɭɹ ɪ·ɺɭ ɨɛɟɱɺɭɷ ɰɝɣɦɣɨ ɪɩ ɬɷɩɧʀɤ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɟɠɬɺɭɩʁ ɞɩɟɣɨɣ ɩɜ ɩɟɣɨɛɟɱɺɭʀɤ ɞɩɟɣɨʀ ɳʀɬɭɨɛɟɱɺɭɷ ɰɝɣɦɣɨ
ȱ ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɦɿɧɸɸɱɢ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɚɦɢ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɠ ɤɚɯ ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɣɬɟ ɜɫɿ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɢ
Ɍɭɩɹ ɪɫɣ ɝʀɥɨʀ ɜʀɦɺ ɥɩɦɩ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɍɩɪɩɦʀ ɥɩɦɩ ɟɩɫɩɞɣ ɥɫɛɤ ɜʀɦɺ ɩɜʀɲ ɪɩɨɛɟ Ɋɩɦɺ ɥɫɮɞ ɬɠɦɛ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɟɩɝɥɩɦɛ Ɋɫɣʁɰɛɝ ɮ Ʌɣʁɝ ɟɩ Ɋɩ ɭɣɰ ɬɦɩɝɛɰ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɂ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɝʀɟ
ȱȱ Ɂ ɬɪɶɨɦɚ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ
545. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ
Ɋʀɳɩɝ ɪɩ ɝɩɟɮ Ɋɩɪɦɣɝ ɢɛ ɝɩɟɩɹ Ɋɫɩɬɮɨɮɝ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɪɛɫɥɛɨ Ɋɠɫɠɥɣ ɨɮɝ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɪɛɫɥɛɨ Ɋɫɛɱɹɹ ɢɛ ɭɠɜɠ Ⱦɩɝɩɫɹ ɪɫɩ ɭɠɜɠ Ƚʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɝ ɨɛ ɮɫɩɱʀ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ Ƚʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɝ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ Ɋɫɛɱɹɹ ɝʀɬʀɧ ɞɩɟɣɨ ɉ ɝɩɬɷɧʀɤ ɞɩɟɣɨʀ
546*. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɥɿɜ¶ɹ ɞɨɛɢɪɚɸɱɢ ɡ ɞɭɠɨɤ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ Ɉɠ ɜɠɫɣ ɢɛɦʀɢɛ ɟɩ ɫɮɥ ɝ ɫɮɥɣ ɪɩɥɣ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɪɦɹɨɠɳ Ⱦɛɫɨɩ ɭɩɧɮ ɡɣɭɣ ɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɢɛ ɲɣɧ ɪɫɩ ɴɩ ɭɮɡɣɭɣ ɂɩɦɩɭɛ ɥɦʀɭɥɛ ³ ɟɦɺ ɪɭɛɳɥɣ ɢɛ ɪɭɛɳɥɮ ɨɠɝɩɦɺ Ɋʀɳɩɝ ɝɩɝɥ ɢɛ ɝɩɝɨɩɹ ɪɩ ɝɩɝɨɮ ɭɛ ɤ ɬɛɧ ɩɬɭɛɝɬɺ ɬɭɫɣɡɠɨɣɧ Ȳ ɥɛɳʀ ɨɠ ɰɩɲɮ ʀ ɢɛ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɪɩ ɝɩɟɮ ɨɠ ɪʀɟɮ ȿɩ ɟɦɺ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɞɩ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɟɩɜɫɩʁ ɬɩɥɣɫɣ Ƚɬɺɥ ɢɛ ɪɫɩ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ɭɫɮɜɣɭɷ ɭɛ ɨɠ ɝɬɺɥ ɭɮ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ɦɹɜɣɭɷ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɦɮɡɜɩɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ ʀ ɝɣɞɮɥ
547. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɭ ɭɫɦɿɲɤɭ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɿɣ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɥɢ ɜɨɫɬɿ ʀɯɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ
ȼɛɭɷɥɣ ɪɩʁɰɛɦɣ ɢ ɟɩɧɮ ɛ ȿɛɨɣɦɥɩ ɨɠ ɪʀɳɩɝ ɟɩ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɋɛɪɭɩɧ ³ ɭɠɦɠɯɩɨɨɣɤ ɟɢɝʀɨɩɥ ȿɛɨɣɦɥɩ ɪɩ ɞɩɦɩɬɮ ɝɪʀɢɨɛɝ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɷɥɮ ³ ɒɩɧɮ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ȿɛɨɣɦɥɩ ɪɫɩɪɮɬɭɣɝ ɮɫɩɥɣ" ³ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛɰɝɩɫʀɝ ³ Ȼ ɰɭɩ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɾ ɢʀ ɧɨɩɹ" ³ ɇʀɤ ɭɛɭɩ
548. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɣ ɜɿɞɝɚɞɚɣɬɟ ʀɯ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɭɫɧɨ ɫɯɚɪɚɤ ɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ʀɯ
ȿɝɛ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɮ ɝɩɟɮ ɟɣɝɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɛ ɟɩɝʀɥɮ ɨɠ ɢʀɤɟɮɭɷɬɺ Ɇɠɭɣɭɷ ɩɫɦɣɲɥɛ ɪɩ ɬɣɨɷɩɧɮ ɨɠɜʀ ɥɫɣɦɛ ɫɩɢɪɮɬɭɣɦɛ ɝɬɠ ɬɩɨɱɠ ɢɛɥɫɣɦɛ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɭɠɜɠ ɺ ɜɣɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɬɠɜɠ ɺ ɜɣɝ ɭɠɜɠ ɮɜɣɝ ɭɠɜɠ ɛ ɥɫɩɝ ɧɩɺ ɭɠɲɠ Ƚɬʀɰ ɞɩɟɮɾ ɨɛɪɮɝɛɾ ɛ ɪɫɩ ɨɠʁ ɨɠ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɟɜɛɾ ɂ ɢɛ ɦʀɬɮ ɢ ɢɛ ɪɫɛɦʀɬɮ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɟʀɡɛ ɬɰɩɟɣɭɷ Ƚʀɟɞɛɟɥɣ ɥɩɧɛɫ ɜɠɫɠɞɣ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɰɧɛɫɛ ɬɩɨɱɠ
549. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ɡ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɩɿɫɧɿ ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɭ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɩɨ ɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ʀɯɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɋɩ ɭɩɤ ɜʀɥ ɞɩɫɛ ɪɩ ɬɠɤ ɜʀɥ ɞɩɫɛ Ɋɩɧʀɡ ɭɣɧɣ ɥɫɮɭɣɧɣ ɞɩɫɛɧɣ Ɍɰɩɟɣɦɛ ɢɩɫɺ ɉɤ ɭɩ ɡ ɨɠ ɢɩɫɺ ³ ɟʀɝɲɣɨɛ ɧɩɺ ɂ ɨɩɝɠɨɷɥɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɠɫɱɺɧɣ Ɋɩ ɝɩɟɣɱɹ ɤɳɦɛ
Ʉ ȼɩɥɳɛɤ Ƚ Ʌɛɫɪɛɭɛɰ
ȿɠɺɥʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɝɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ
ɊɈɁȼɂɌɈɄ ɆɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ɏ9ȱȱȱ ɏɭɞɨɠɧɿɣ ɨɩɢɫ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɉɪɣɬ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɛ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɤ ʀ ɰɮɟɩɡɨʀɤ Ɏ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩɧɮ ɩɪɣɬʀ ɝɥɛɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɴɩ ɱɠ ɢɛ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭ ɢ ɲɩɞɩ ɝʀɨ ɝɣ ɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɤ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɺɥɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɫ ɥɩɦʀɫ ɭɩɴɩ ɟɦɺ ɲɩɞɩ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɣɤ Ɏ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɷɩɧɮ ɩɪɣɬʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɠ ɝɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɠɟ ɧɠɭɛ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɮɝɛɞɛ ɨɛ ɭʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɺɥʀ ɝɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɝ ɩɥɩ ɭɛɥ ɲɣ ʀɨɛɥɳɠ ɝɣɫɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɠ ɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ
ɍ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɯ ɞɜɨɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɦɚɽɦɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɭ ɡ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɿɦ ɨɩɢɫɨɦ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɣ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɣɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɞɟɬɚɥɿ ɜ ɨɩɢɫɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɯ ɩɪɢɜɟɪɧɭɥɢ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɿɜ ɚ ɹɤɿ ɡɚɥɢɲɢɥɢɫɹ ɩɨɡɚ ʀɯɧɶɨɸ ɭɜɚɝɨɸ
ȱ ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɭɪɢɜɨɤ ȼɢɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɫɿ ɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɡ ɿɦɟɧɧɢ ɤɚɦɢ ɿ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɿɜ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ ɮ ɝ ɬɚ ɢ ʀɢ. Ƚʀɟ ɬɭɩɫɩɨɣ ɫʀɥɣ ɢɟʀɤɧɛɦɩɬɺ ɥɛɪɣɴɠ** Ɋɠɫɮɨɛ Ɍɛɧ ʀɟɩɦ ɬɭɩɺɝ ɝɣɬɩɥɩ ɧʀɡ ɲɩɭɣɫɧɛ ɫʀɢɷɜɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɬɭɩɝɪɛɧɣ ɪʀɟ ɨɛɧɠɭɩɧ ɥɫʀɝɦɠɹ ɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɞɩ ɦɩɝɛ ɢ ɩɲɣɧɛ ɢ ɬɛɧɩɱɝʀɭʀɝ ɞɫʀɢɨɩ ɬɪɩɞɦɺɟɛɦɛ ɝɨɣɢ ɨɛɟ ɲɩɭɣɫɣɥɮɭɨɣɧ ɪʀɟɬʀɨ ɨɺɧ Ɏ ɪʀɟɬʀɨɨʀ ɨɛɲɠ ɜɩɺɫɣ ɥɨɺɢɠɝʀ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɜɩɞɣ ³ Ƚɠɦɠɬ Ɍɭɫɣɜɩɞ ȿɛɡɜɩɞ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɩɪʀɥɮɨɣ ɪɩɦɺɨ Ɋɠɫɠɟ ɥɛɪɣɴɠɧ ɬɣɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɥɛɧɠɨʀ ɮ ɜʀɦʀɤ ɩɟɠɡʀ ɬɭɛɫɣɤ ɝɩɦɰɝ** ɢ ɬɣɝɩɹ ɜɩɫɩɟɩɹ ɮ ɝʀɨɱʀ ɢ ɭɠɫɨɺ ɨɛ ɞɩɦɩɝʀ ɜɩ ɭɠɫɨɺ ³ ɱɠ ɪɫɩɩɜɫɛɢ ɜɦɣɬɥɛɝɥɣ ȼʀɦɺ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɟɝɛ ɧɩɦɩɟɳɣɰ ɉɟɣɨ ɧɛɝ ɨɛ ɞɩɦɩɝʀ ɝʀɨɩɥ ʀɢ ɬɩɬɨɩɝɣɰ ɞʀɦɩɥ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ɢ ɪʀɫɨɛɭɣɰ ɬɭɠɪɩɝɣɰ ɭɫɛɝ Ɏ ɫɮɥɛɰ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɝɩɦɰɝɣ ɟɩɝɞʀ ɱʀɪɥɣ ɢ ɪɩɢɩɦɩɲɠɨɣɧɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɧɛɦʀ ɬɫʀɜɨʀ ɲɛɫɥɣ ɨɛ ɡɠɫɭɩɝɨɣɤ ɧɠɟ ɛɜɩ ɝɣɨɩ ɇɛɦʀ ɩɭɫɩɥɣ** ɮ ɜʀɦɣɰ ɩɟɠɡɛɰ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɪɩɫɺɟ ʀ ɪɣɦɷɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɩɫɩɜɩɥ ɢ ɦɛɟɛɨɩɧ** ɺɦʀɝɱɠɧ ɝʀɨɩɲɥɣ ɢɛɪɛɳɨɩɞɩ ɢʀɦɦɺ ɞɩɦɮɜʀɝ ɮ ɥɦʀɭɥɛɰ ɭɛ ɟɝɩɰ ɺɞɨɺɭ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɥɛɪɣɴɛ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɧɠɭɩɧ ɨɛ ɬɭɩɝɪɛɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɦɣ ɟɝɛ ɪɛɫɮɜɥɣ ɲɩɫɨɩ ɞɩ ɧɩɝ ɞɛɦɥɛ ɥɩɨɺ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɧɛɝ ɡɠɫɭɝɮɝɛɭɣ Ɋɠɫɮɨɩɝʀ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɪɩɰɩɟɩɧ ə ɉɪʀɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ
II. ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɥɚɧ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɧɟɡɜɢɱɧɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɬɚ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
ɇɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɛ ɩɫɯɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɍɦɮɡɜɩɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧɩɝɣ ʀ ɝɣɞɮɥ
Ⱥɥɶɦɚɧɚɯ
ȀȐȳȞ ȐȳȟȳȚțȎȒȤȭȠȖȗ ǺȎȞȳȗȥȖț
ɋɎɓɈɃɅɃ ɂɛɤɟʀɭɷ ɝ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɮ ɰɛɭɮ ʀ ɝɣ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɠ ɨɛɟ ɝʀɥɨɛɧɣ ɨɛɟ ɟɝɠɫɣɧɛ ɨɛɟ ɯɩɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɺɧɣ ɨɛ ɩɜɫɛɢɛɰ ɨɛ ɪɩɥɮɭʀ ɝɣɳɣɭʀ ɫɮɳɨɣɥɣ Ɏɢɩɫɣ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ³ ɭɩ ɟɛɝɨʀ ɢɛɜɮɭʀ ɬɣɧɝɩɦɣ ɟɛɝɨʀ ɧɩɡɠ ɴɠ ɢ ɭɫɣɪʀɦɷɬɷɥɣɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɛ Ɉɛ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɫɩɧɜ ʀɢ ɥɫɛɪɥɩɹ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ³ ɢɛɬʀɺɨɛ ɨɣɝɛ ɥɝʀɭɥɛ ³ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɠ ɟɠɫɠɝɩ ɝʀɟ ɨɠɜɛ ɟɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɛ ɯʀɞɮɫɥɛ ɢ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɣɧɣ ɟɩɞɩɫɣ ɫɮɥɛɧɣ ³ ɢɨɛɥ ɜɠɫɠɞɣɨʀ ɪɫɛɟɛɝɨɷɩʁ ɜɩɞɣɨʀ ɰɛɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɢɛɭɣɳɥɮ ɋɮɳɨɣɥɣ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɩɦɣɬɷ ɧɛɞʀɲɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɢɛɬɭɮɪɛɦɣ ɳɦɺɰ ɨɠɴɛɬɭɹ ɝ ɩɬɠɦɹ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɺɦɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɤ ɭɠ ɴɩ ʁɤ ɨɛɤɟɩɫɩɡɲɠ ɝʀɟ ɢɦɣɰ ɬɣɦ Ɉɛɫɩɟ ɡɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɟɣɭɣɨɛ ³ ʁʁ ɢɛɞɩɫɭɛɦɣ ɝ ɫɮɳɨɣɥ Ɇɠɡɛɝ ɰɦʀɜ ɨɛ ɬɭɩɦʀ ³ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɥɫɣɝɛɦɣ ɫɮɳɨɣɥɩɧ Ɉɛ ɫɮɳɨɣɥɩɝʀ ɪɩɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɰɦʀɜ ɬʀɦɷ ɟɩɫɩɞɣɧ ɞɩɬɭɺɧ ȿɩɧɩɝɣɨɮ ɝ ɧɩɞɣɦɮ ɩɪɮɬɥɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɫɮɳɨɣɥɛɰ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɟʀɤ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɰ ʀɢ ɫɮɳɨɣɥɩɧ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɴɠ ɤ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɨɛ ɝɠɬʀɦɦʀ ɋɮɳɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɟɛɹɭɷ ʀ ɜɠɫɮɭɷ ɥɩɦɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɝɛɭɛɨɨɺ ɫɮɳ ɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɮɹɭɷ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɰ ɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɛɹɭɷ ɞʀɦɷɱp ɨɛ ɟʀɝɣɲ ɝɠɲɩɫʀ ɨɛ ɫɮɳɨɣɥ ɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɜɠɫɮɲɣ ɳɦɹɜ
551. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ Ɇɚɪɿɣɱɢɧɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɫɬɚɪɿ ɜɢɲɢɬɿ ɪɭɲɧɢɤɢ ɭ ɦɭ ɡɟʀ ɚɛɨ ɭ ɜɚɲɨɦɭ ɞɨɦɿ ɪɨɡɩɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɨ ɬɢɯ ɯɬɨ ʀɯ ɜɢɲɢɜɚɜ ɿ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɳɨ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɬɚ ɤɨɥɢ ɣ ɞɥɹ ɱɨɝɨ ʀɯ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ ɍɫɿ ɰɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ
§ 55.
ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɿɜ
Ɋɫɣɤɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɪɣɳɮɭɷ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɬɦɩɝɩɧ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɟɠɯʀɬ ɭɛ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɤ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ 552. ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɣɬɟ ɡ ɹɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɡɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨ ɜɨɤ ɹɤ ɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ ɩɢɲɭɬɶ ɩɪɢɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɟɧɿ ɡ ɞɜɨɯ ɿ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ
Ɋɩɢɛ ɰɛɭɛɧɣ ɪɩɜʀɦɺ ȿɨʀɪɫɛ ɪɩɧʀɡ ɦɹɟɷɧɣ ɢɛɟɦɺ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɝ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɧʀɬɺɱɺ ɨɛɪɠɫɠɟɩɟɨʀ ɬɝɺɭɛ ɝɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɟɩɴʀɝ