Мясоєдова С.В. Англійська мова. Типові тестові завдання [2013].pdf

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АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА ТИПОВІ ТЕСТОВІ ЗАВДАННЯ • 11 варіантів тестів у форматі ЗНО • Бланки відповідей • Відповіді до ВСІХ тестових завдань

Якісна підготовка до ЗН0-2013

ітера

УДК 8 1 1 . 3 6 = 111(076) ББК 8 1 . 2 А н г л - 9 2 2 + 7 4 . 2 6 8 . 1 А н г л М99

Серія «Зовнішнє незалежне оцінювання»

Рецензенти: О. С. Любченко, вчитель англійської мови Харківської спеціалізованої школи № 162, вчитель вищої категорії, вчитель-методист; О. О. Ходаковська, кандидат філологічних наук, доцент кафедри іноземних мов № 1 Національного університету «Юридична академія України імені Ярослава Мудрого» м. Харкова

М99

Мясоєдова С. В. Англійська мова. Типові тестові завдання. — К.: Літера ЛТД, 2 0 1 3 . — 128 с. — (Зовнішнє неза­ лежне оцінювання).

ISBN 9 7 8 - 9 6 6 - 1 7 8 - 4 0 0 - 9 Навчальний посібник містить матеріали, які допоможуть випускникам загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів на високому рівні підготуватися до зовнішнього незалежного оцінювання знань з англійської мови. Відповідно до програми зовнішнього незалежного оцінювання, контроль навчальних досягнень учнів проводиться за двома компетенціями: читанням і письмом. У посібнику наведено одинадцять варіантів завдань у форматі ЗНО, а також бланки відповідей і матеріали для самоконтролю. Для випускників загальноосвітніх шкіл, гімназій, які готуються до вступу до вищих навчальних закладів. УДК 811.36 = 111(076) ББК 81.2Англ-922+74.268.1Англ

ISBN 9 7 8 - 9 6 6 - 1 7 8 - 4 0 0 - 9

© С. В. Мясоєдова, 2011 © «Літера ЛТД», 2013

—з— ПРОГРАМА З О В Н І Ш Н Ь О Г О Н Е З А Л Е Ж Н О Г О О Ц І Н Ю В А Н Н Я З АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ

З о в н і ш н є н е з а л е ж н е о ц і н ю в а н н я з а н г л і й с ь к о ї м о в и п е р е д б а ч а є в и з н а ч е н н я р і в н я навчаль­ н и х д о с я г н е н ь в и п у с к н и к і в з а г а л ь н о о с в і т н і х н а в ч а л ь н и х з а к л а д і в , ї х о в о л о д і н н я о с н о в н и м и ви­ д а м и мовленнєвої діяльності відповідно до вимог ч и н н и х навчальних програм. Рівні сформованості мовленнєвої діяльності визначені як середній, достатній та високий і відповідають вимогам ч и н н и х н а в ч а л ь н и х п р о г р а м та к р и т е р і я м о ц і н ю в а н н я н а в ч а л ь н и х д о с я г н е н ь у ч н і в з і н о з е м н и х мов. Ч и т а н н я . О ц і н ю є т ь с я рівень р о з у м і н н я м а т е р і а л у , я к и й ч и т а є т ь с я , у м і н н я у з а г а л ь н ю в а т и з м і с т п р о ч и т а н о г о , в и о к р е м л ю в а т и к л ю ч о в і с л о в а та з ' я с о в у в а т и з н а ч е н н я н е з н а й о м и х слів за к о н ­ т е к с т о м . Т е к с т и п о б у д о в а н і н а м а т е р і а л а х , щ о в і д о б р а ж а ю т ь р е а л і ї ж и т т я у к р а ї н а х , з мов я к и х проводиться тестування. Р і з н и ц я м і ж рівнями забезпечується двома основними підходами: — ш л я х о м добору автентичних текстів (основні ознаки — відображення реалій справжнього ж и т т я , обізнаність учасника тестування з життєвими ситуаціями), щ о стосуються відповідних сфер; — добору завдань за складністю з огляду на критерії лінгвістичної складності, тип тексту, обсяг тексту. П и с ь м о . П е р е в і р я є т ь с я р і в е н ь с ф о р м о в а н о с т і н а в и ч о к т а в м і н ь п и с е м н о г о м о в л е н н я д л я ви­ рішення практичних цілей, а саме: вміння передати в письмовій формі необхідну інформацію, правильно, з урахуванням соціокультурних відмінностей оформити і написати особистого лис­ та, вітальну листівку, о г о л о ш е н н я , повідомлення, нотатки т о щ о . Такі завдання спрямовані на перевірку сформованості рівня писемної мовленнєвої діяльнос­ т і , л е к с и к о - г р а м а т и ч н и х н а в и ч о к , с т у п е н і в з а с в о є н н я с и с т е м н и х з н а н ь п р о м о в у я к з а с і б вира­ ж е н н я д у м о к і п о ч у т т і в л ю д и н и , ф о р м у в а н н я м о в н и х та м о в л е н н є в и х у м і н ь і н а в и ч о к , д е в а ж л и в и м є у м і н н я к о р и с т у в а т и с я і н о з е м н о ю м о в о ю я к в у с н о м у , так і в п и с е м н о м у с п і л к у в а н н і . Від учасників тестування очікують у м і н н я правильно і відповідно до ситуації використовува­ т и л е к с и ч н і о д и н и ц і : ч а с т и н и м о в и , ф р а з е о л о г і ч н і з в о р о т и , р о з м о в н і ф р а з и та і д і о м а т и ч н і вира­ зи; відповідні граматичні ф о р м и (часові ф о р м и дієслів, модальні, д о п о м і ж н і дієслова, дієсловазв'язки, іменники, прикметники тощо). Р і з н и ц я м і ж рівнями забезпечується через: — тематику, що розглядається; — в и к о р и с т а н н я п е в н и х л е к с и ч н и х о д и н и ц ь та г р а м а т и ч н и х ф о р м ; — кількісні програмові параметри писемного мовлення. Теми, що розглядаються

Знання та вміння

Навички

Середній рівень. Читання Статті з періодичних видань; листи (особисті, ділові тощо); оголошення, реклама; розклади (уроків, руху поїздів тощо); меню, кулінарні рецепти; програми (телевізійні, радіо тощо); особисті нотатки, повідомлення

Виокремлювати загальну інформа­ цію з документів, що використовуються в повсякденному спілкуванні (короткі повідомлення для друзів, оголошення, проспекти, меню тощо); виокремлюва­ ти загальну та детальну інформацію з документів, що використовуються в по­ всякденному житті (оголошення, про­ спекти, меню, розклад руху поїздів то­ що); виділяти детальну інформацію про осіб, факти, події тощо; відрізняти фак­ тографічну інформацію від враження

Читати короткі тексти, побудова­ ні на засвоєному мовному матеріалі; розуміти зміст прочитаного; знахо­ дити основну інформацію у текстах різнопланового характеру (значення незнайомих слів розкривається на основі здогадки, малюнка, схожості з рідною мовою)

Продовження Теми, що розглядаються

Знання та вміння

таблиці

Навички

Середній рівень. Письмо Автобіографія, заповне­ ння анкет, формулярів; повідомлення, особис­ тий лист, довідкова інформація, опис лю­ дини, предмета, місця, ситуації, події

Основні типи речень (стверджувальне, питальне, заперечне, спонукальне), порядок слів у них. Безособові речен­ ня. The Present Simple Tense, the Past Simple Tense, the Future Simple Tense, the Present Continuous Tense. Речення з there is/are. Складносурядні речен­ ня зі сполучниками and, but. Склад­ нопідрядні речення зі сполучниками because, so, if, when, that, that is why. Іменники у формі множини, утворені за правилом, і винятки. Вживання арти­ клів. Займенники: особові, присвійні, питальні, об'єктні, вказівні. Неозначе­ ні займенники, похідні від some, any, по, every. Прикметники у звичайному, вищому та найвищому ступенях порів­ няння, утворені за правилом, а також винятки. Вищий та найвищий ступені порівняння прислівників. Числівники: кількісні, порядкові. Прийменники місця, напрямку, часу

Писати особистий лист, викорис­ товуючи формули мовленнєвого ети­ кету, прийняті у країнах, з мов яких проводиться тестування, з викладом новин, розповіддю про окремі факти та події свого життя, з висловленням власних міркувань і почуттів, описом планів на майбутнє та проханням па­ дати аналогічну інформацію партнера з письмового спілкування; передати особисте повідомлення у вигляді за­ писки довільної форми; передати осо­ бисту інформацію в короткому листі відповідного зразка або в довільній формі; переписати інформацію з те­ лефонної книги, розкладу руху; пе­ редати прості ділові повідомлення (зустріч із точним зазначенням часу та місця); написати короткий текст про важливу подію, особисті плани на майбутнє

Достатній рівень. Читання Статті з періодичних видань; листи (особисті, офіційні тощо); оголо­ шення, розклади (уро­ ків, руху поїздів тощо); меню, кулінарні рецеп­ ти; програми (телевізій­ ні, радіо тощо); особисті нотатки, повідомлення

Розуміти зміст тексту; знаходити ін­ формацію відповідно до завдання; від­ окремлювати фактичну інформацію від вражень. Розуміти структуру тексту, розпізнава­ ти зв'язки м і ж частинами тексту

Читати тексти, побудованіна знайомо­ му мовному матеріалі, розуміти зміст прочитаного; знаходити необхідну інформацію у текстах різнопланового характеру (значення незнайомих слів розкривається на основі здогадки, ма­ люнка, пояснень у коментарі); пере­ глядати текст чи серію текстів з метою пошуку необхідної інформації

Достатній рівень. Письмо Особистий лист, стаття, Складносурядні речення зі сполучниками повідомлення, анкета, and, but. Складнопідрядні речення зі спо­ лучниками because, so, If, when, that, that ділове повідомлення is why. Узгодження часів і непряма мова. Речення зі сполучниками neither...nor, either...or. Фразові дієслова (look for, ...). Модальні дієслова (can, may, must, should, have to, need) та їх еквіваленти. The Past Continuous Tense, the Past Perfect Tense

Писати розповідь про перебіг подій; описати людину, предмет; писати по­ відомлення відповідно до поставлено­ го завдання: про проведення заходів, втрату особистих речей тощо; оформ­ лювати особисті та ділові листи

Високий рівень. Читання Повідомлення, оголо­ Переглядати текст чи серію текстів з ме­ шення, розклад руху тою пошуку необхідної інформації для поїздів, газетні статті, виконання певного завдання; розуміти доповіді, уривки з літе­ нескладні автентичні тексти (статті з ратурних творів періодичних видань, листи, оголошен­ ня, меню, кулінарні рецепти, особисті нотатки, повідомлення), у тому числі х у д о ж н і , науково-популярні, публіцис­ тичні; систематизувати та коментувати одержану інформацію; виокремлювати необхідну інформацію про осіб, факти, події тощо

Виокремлювати загальну та деталь­ ну інформацію з документів, що ви­ користовуються в повсякденному спілкуванні (короткі повідомлення для друзів, оголошення, проспекти, меню, газетні статті, доповіді тощо); розрізняти фактичну інформацію і враження; розуміти абстрактні та складні тексти, уривки з літератур­ них творів та спеціальної літератури; розуміти структуру тексту, розпізна­ вати зв'язки між частинами тексту

Закінчення

Теми, що розглядаються

Знання та вміння

таблиці

Навички

Високий рівень. Письмо Особисті, ділові листи; повідомлення, розпо­ відь, опис, деталізоване порівняння, складання плану,тез

Узгодження часів і непряма мова. Ре­ чення зі сполучниками neither...nor, either...or. Поняття дієслів-зв'язок. Тво­ рення і вживання дієслів у the Present, the Past, the Future Simple (Indefinite) Tenses в активному та пасивному ста­ нах; у the Present, the Past Progressive (Continuous) Tenses і the Present, the Past Perfect Tenses в активному стані; у the Future-in-the-Past Tense. В ж и ­ вання дієслів у the Present Simple (Indefinite) Tense для вираження дії в майбутньому після сполучників if, when. Конструкція be going to. В ж и ­ вання дієслівних форм у P r e s e n t / P a s t / Future Perfect Passive; Present/Past Progressive (Continuous) Passive, неособових форм дієслів (інфінітива, герун­ дія, дієприслівників теперішнього та минулого часу)

Передавати особисті повідомлення в короткому листі відповідного зразка або в довільній формі, щоб вислови­ ти свою оцінку, співчуття, невдо­ волення, надію та відповісти на по­ відомлення такого типу; висловити власну точку зору та аргументувати її, висловити своє суб'єктивне бачен­ ня дійсності, передавати інформацію про перебіг подій, що відбувалися у минулому, скласти опис, деталізо­ ване порівняння; розповідати про історичну подію; аналізувати точку зору зі знайомої теми абстрактного характеру або давати детальне пояс­ нення явища або процесу

Х А Р А К Т Е Р И С Т И К А Т Е С Т У З АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ Зміст тесту визначається на основі Програми зовнішнього незалежного оцінювання з англій­ ської мови (затверджено Міністерством освіти і науки України, наказ № 865 від 18.09.2008 p.). Тест складається з двох частин: — «Читання»; — «Письмо». Загальна кількість завдань тесту — 46. На виконання тесту відводиться 1 2 0 хвилин. Тест з англійської мови складається із завдань чотирьох форм.

1. Завдання на встановлення відповідності. У завданнях пропонується підібрати: заголовки до текстів/частин текстів із поданих варіантів; твердження/ситуації до оголошень/текстів; за­ питання до відповідей або відповіді до запитань. Завдання вважається виконаним, якщо абіту­ рієнт встановив правильну відповідність і позначив правильний варіант відповіді у бланку від­ повідей А.

2. Завдання з вибором однієї правильної відповіді. До кожного завдання пропонується чо­ тири варіанти відповіді, з яких правильний лише один. Завдання вважається виконаним, якщо абітурієнт вибрав і позначив правильну відповідь у бланку відповідей А.

3. Завдання на заповнення пропусків у тексті. У завданнях пропонується доповнити абзаци/ речення в тексті реченнями/частинами речень, словосполученнями/словами із поданих варіан­ тів. Завдання вважається виконаним, якщо абітурієнт обрав і позначив правильний варіант від­ повіді у бланку відповідей А.

4. Завдання з розгорнутою відповіддю. Завдання передбачає створення абітурієнтом на блан­ ку відповідей Б власного висловлення у письмовій формі відповідно до запропонованої комуні­ кативної ситуації. За правильне (частково правильне) виконання завдань можна отримати: за завдання на встановлення відповідності 0—1 тестовий бал; за завдання з вибором однієї правильної відповіді 0—1 тестовий бал; за завдання на заповнення пропусків у тексті 0—1 тестовий бал; за завдання з розгорнутою відповіддю 0—24 тестових бали. Максимальна кількість балів, яку можна набрати, правильно виконавши всі завдання тесту з англійської мови,— 6 9 . Композиція завдань у тесті з англійської мови ґрунтується на таких засадах.

1,. Завдання розташовуються відповідно до видів мовленнєвої діяльності. Спочатку в тексті представлені завдання частини «Читання», потім — завдання частини «Письмо».

2. Завдання розташовуються послідовно за знаннями, комунікативними вміннями та нави­ чками: розуміти основний зміст автентичного тексту, повністю розуміти зміст автентичного тек­ сту, якщо значення незнайомих слів розкривається на основі лінгвістичної та контекстуальної здогадки, знаходити спеціальну або необхідну інформацію в автентичних текстах різнопланово­ го характеру, розуміти структуру тексту, розпізнавати зв'язки м і ж частинами тексту, розрізня­ ти значення окремих лексичних одиниць відповідно до контексту, правильно використовувати частини мови та їх граматичні форми відповідно до контексту, робити письмове повідомлення, оформлюючи його відповідно до мети та завдання спілкування. Під час підготовки до складання тесту рекомендується використовувати підручники, що ма­ ють гриф «Рекомендовано Міністерством освіти і науки України». № з/п

Назва

Автор

Клас

Видавництво

Рік видання

1

Англійська мова (8-й рік навчання)

Несвіт А. М.

9

Генеза

2009

2

Англійська мова (8-й рік навчання)

Карп'юк 0 . Д.

9

Астон

2009

3

Англійська мова (8-й рік навчання)

Калініна Л. В., Самойлюкевич І. В.

9

Наш час

2009

4

Англійська мова (9-й рік навчання, рівень стандарту)

Карп'юк 0 . Д

10

Астон

2010

5

Англійська мова (9-й рік навчання, академічний рівень)

Калініна Л. В., Самойлюкевич І. В.

10

Наш час

2010

6

Англійська мова (9-й рік навчання, профільний рівень)

Несвіт А. М.

10

Генеза

2010

7

«Across Cultures: Great Britain— Ukraine » (HMK для спеціалізованих шкіл та профільних класів)

Калініна Л. В., Самойлюкевич І. В.

10—11

Наш час

2007

8

« Across Cultures: The USA—Ukraine* (HMK для спеціалізованих шкіл та профільних класів)

Калініна Л. В., Самойлюкевич І. В.

10—11

Наш час

2008

Закінчення № з/п

Назва

Автор Плахотник В. М., Мартинова Р. 10.

таблиці

Клас

Видавництво

Рік видання

11

Освіта

2004

9

Англійська мова (підручник для загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів)

10

Навчально-методичні комплекти для всіх типів загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів

1—11

Макміллан

2008, 2009

11

Навчально-методичні комплекти для всіх типів загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів

1—11

Лонгман Пірсон

2008, 2009

12

Навчально-методичні комплекти для всіх типів загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів

1—11

Оксфорд Юніверсіті Прес

2008, 2009

13

Навчально-методичні комплекти для всіх типів загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів

1—11

ЕкспресПаблішінг

2008, 2009

14

Навчально-методичні комплекти для всіх типів загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів

1—11

Кембрідж Юніверсіті Прес

2009

Приклади завдань різних форм з англійської мови

Завдання закритої форми 1. Завдання з вибором однієї правильної відповіді.

Read the text below. For questions (1—2) c h o o s e the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

YOUR HEALTH S w i m m i n g is g r e a t exercise. I t ' s h e a l t h y , fun and r e l a x i n g . Because s w i m m i n g is a «low-impact» s p o r t , most people enjoy p a r t i c i p a t i n g in t h i s activity w i t h o u t fear of i n j u r y to t h e i r bones or muscles.

J o g g i n g , which is a «high-impact» activity, can at t i m e s be h a r m f u l . I know t h i s from personal experience. Last year while I was j o g g i n g , I injured my r i g h t knee. I d o n ' t go jogging any m o r e . After a painful m o n t h of recovery, I stopped r u n n i n g a n d switched to w a t e r s p o r t s . I ' m now considering j o i n i n g a s w i m m i n g t e a m a n d c o m p e t i n g in races.

1

According to t h e t e x t , s w i m m i n g is A The h e a l t h i e s t s p o r t s a c t i v i t y for t h e a u t h o r . В The most t r a u m a t i c k i n d of s p o r t for people.

C The m o s t acceptable a c t i v i t y for t h e a u t h o r .

D The m o s t pleasant free-time activity for people.

2

W h y did the author decide to g o i n for s w i m m i n g ?

A He wanted to take part in the s w i m m i n g competition В He didn't like to g o jogging.

C He wanted to be healthy, to have f u n and relax.

D He has hurt his leg seriously while jogging.

Правильні відповіді: 1 — C; 2 — D . Зразок позначення відповідей у блавю': А ВСD

і і.jixii j

А В СD

2

х

2. Завдання на встановлення відповідності.

Read the text below. Match questions (A—G) to (1 — 5 ) . There are M o questions you do not need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

T R A V E L L I N G TO U K R A I N E A Have you taken anything from this experience? В Is i t y o u r f i r s t v i s i t t o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l O u t r e a c h C a m p ?

C W h a t are s o m e o f t h e d i f f e r e n c e s y o u s e e b e t w e e n t h e p e o p l e y o u m e t h e r e a n d A m e r i c a n s back home?

D H o w did s o m e of y o u r friends and f a m i l y react to your g o i n g t o U k r a i n e for t h e International Outreach Camp?

E Are y o u having a tough time in Ukraine?

F Have you gone anywhere else internationally?

G T h e m o n e y y o u e a r n e d . . . D o y o u m e a n y o u p a i d for t h i s c a m p y o u r s e l f ?

1

I guess I w a n t e d to travel, but it w a s never m y priority. I've been to Greece before o n a school trip f o r s i g h t s e e i n g . I l i k e d G r e e c e a l o t , b u t all w e s a w w e r e r u i n s d a y i n a n d d a y o u t . I w o u l d h a v e l i k e d t o h a v e m e t p e o p l e , t o o . I n U k r a i n e i t ' s t h e o p p o s i t e . I d o n ' t f e e l like a t o u r i s t . I w o u l d l i k e t o b e able t o s e e m o r e of t h e s i g h t s . T h e m o n e y I h a d e a r n e d t o c o m e h e r e w a s w o r t h i t .

2

Yeah, I h a d to s a v e for it.-1 worked t w o part-time jobs. T h e first w a s a day-care centre, where m y t w o c o u s i n s w o r k . I w o r k e d t h e r e f u l l - t i m e i n J u n e . I also w o r k e d w i t h m y d a d , w h o o w n s a brewery.

3

S o m e w e r e l i k e , « W h e r e i s U k r a i n e ? » a n d , « W h y are y o u g o i n g ? W e i l , t h a t ' s c o o l . . . a t l e a s t y o u ' r e d o i n g s o m e t h i n g o t h e r t h a n b e i n g a t t h e b a s k e t b a l l c o u r t e v e r y d a y » . It w a s n ' t l i k e , « W o w , y o u ' r e g o i n g t o U k r a i n e ! Y o u ' r e l i v i n g o u t m y d r e a m ! I w a n t e d t o g o t h e r e s o m u c h ! -> P e o p l e of m y a g e don't even know about Chernobyl. I'm only seventeen, you know.

4

R o y a , m y f r i e n d , t h i n k s t h a t p e o p l e h e r e are p r e t t y g e n u i n e . I t c o i d d b e b e c a u s e s h e ' s f r o m California, b u t I actually feel like people i n Minnesota are genuine, t o o . It w a s nice to meet people here. W h e n I introduced m y s e l f t o some Ukrainian kids in t h e city, t h e y were friendly and smiling.

They told m e a lot of i n t e r e s t i n g t h i n g s about their native place, their schools and friends.

5

I l e a r n e d f r o m t h i s c a m p t h a t I r e a l l y w a n t t o d o a s t u d y abroad p r o g r a m m e . IOC i s g r e a t . I t h i n k w i t h a s t u d y a b r o a d p r o g r a m m e , t h o u g h , I c a n a l s o s e e m o r e of a c o u n t r y .

Правильні відповіді: 1 — F; 2 — G; 3 — D ; 4 — C; 5 — А ; В a n d E — c h o i c e s y o u do n o t n e e d t o use.

Зразок позначення відповідей у бланку:

1

А В С D Е FG X

3 4 fX

3.

X

X

X

З а в д а н н я на з а п о в п е п п я пропусків у тексті.

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best fits each of ( 1 — 6 ) . There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

W H Y DID ANCIENT EGYPTIANS BUILD PYRAMIDS? W H Y N O T G I A N T R E C T A N G U L E S OR S O M E O T H E R S H A P E ?

Egyptologists a s s u m e t h e y (1)

, t h e h i l l s t h a t o n t h e d a y of c r e a t i o n r o s e o u t of t h e f l o o d .

T h i s idea c e r t a i n l y c o m e s f r o m (2) (3)

in former t i m e s , the land w a s flooded by the Nile, and

, i s l a n d s a p p e a r e d w h i c h w e r e c o n s i d e r e d t o b e s y m b o l s of t h e d a y of c r e a t i o n . S o a pyra­

m i d could represent s u c h a hill.

B u t o n e c o u l d ask: w h y (4) k i n g s used pyramids (5)

.

, w h y did it have edges leading to a top? A n o t h e r idea is that

.

B u t t h e s e are all s p e c u l a t i o n s . A f i n a l t h e o r y i s t h a t i n t h e E g y p t i a n c i t y of H e l i o p o l i s ( t h e c e n t r e of the s u n cult in Egypt) there (6)

.

It c o u l d be t h a t t h i s s a c r e d s t o n e h a d t h e s h a p e of a p y r a m i d , a n d t h a t t h e p e o p l e w h o b u i l t t h e p y r a m i d s w e r e t r y i n g t o r e c r e a t e t h a t , b e c a u s e t h e t o p p i e c e of a p y r a m i d i s c a l l e d a b e n b e n .

A

represent primeval hills

В

when the flood retreated

C

to c l i m b u p t o t h e i r h e a v e n

D t h e n a t u r a l s t a t e of E g y p t E

w a s it n o t j u s t a r o u n d e d h i l l

F

h i l l w a s d e s t r o y e d b y w a t e r flood

G was a monument called a benben stone H w e r e a l o t of g r a n d p y r a m i d s П р а в и л ь н і в і д п о в і д і : 1 — A ; 2 — D ; 3 — B; 4 — E; 5 — C; 6 — G; F a n d H — c h o i c e s y o u do n o t need to use. Зразок позначення відповідей у бланку:

A BCDEFGK

1 X 2 X 3 X 4 X 5 X 6

X

Завдання відкритої форми 1. Завдання з розгорпутою відповіддю.

You've got a letter f r o m your British pen-friend. H e / s h e writes y o u that h e / s h e likes to dress well. H e / s h e tries to b u y h i s / h e r clothes at famous fashion designers' shops. B u t it is very expen­ sive and h i s / h e r parents don't w a n t to buy such clothes for h i m / h e r . W r i t e a letter to your friend in which you: • express your opinion about present-day fashions • write what clothes you usually prefer to wear • say where y o u u s u a l l y b u y clothes and w h o helps you to do the s h o p p i n g • g i v e a d v i c e t o y o u r f r i e n d w h a t h e / s h e s h o u l d do i n h i s / h e r s i t u a t i o n W r i t e a l e t t e r of a t l e a s t 100 w o r d s .

Do not write any dates and addresses.

А Н Г Л І Й С Ь К А

М О В А

Час виконання — 120 хвилин Тест складається з двох частин, в яких перевіряється рівень на­ вчальних досягнень учнів щодо основних видів мовленнєвої діяль­ ності: читання та письма. Частина «Читання» Виконавши завдання цієї частини тесту, Ви продемонструєте своє вміння розуміти писемну англійську мову на матеріалі різноманітних текстів із автентичних джерел. Загальні поради Ця частина тесту складається з 6 завдань, серед яких: завдання на встановлення відповідності, завдання з вибором однієї правильної відповіді і завдання на заповнення пропусків. Кожне завдання складається з інструкції, тексту і запитань або тверджень до тексту. У завданнях на встановлення відповідності Вам необхідно прочитати тексти і твердження/заголовки/ситуації, а також підібрати до кожного тексту відповідно до завдання заголовок/ твердження/ситуацію. У завданнях з вибором однієї правильної відповіді Вам необхідно прочитати текст і запитання до тексту, а потім вибрати правильний варіант відповіді з чотирьох поданих варіантів. У завданнях на заповнення пропусків Вам необхідно доповнити пропуски в тексті реченнями/частинами речень або словами/ словосполученнями з поданих варіантів. Спочатку ознайомтеся з інструкцією до виконання завдання. Прочитайте уважно текст і завдання до нього. Виберіть правильну, на Вашу думку, відповідь і позначте відповідну клітинку у Бланку А. Увага! Правильно розподіляйте свій час. На виконання цієї частини тесту передбачено 6 0 хвилин. Якщо Ви не можете надати відповідь на запитання, то виконуйте наступне. Ваш результат залежатиме від загальної кількості правильних відповідей, записаних у Бланку А. Частина «Письмо» Частина тесту «Письмо» складається із завдання з розгорнутою відповіддю. У завданні з розгорнутою відповіддю передбачається створення власного висловлення у письмовій формі відповідно до запропонованої комунікативної ситуації. Увага! На виконання цієї частини тесту відводиться 6 0 хвилин. Роботи, написані нерозбірливо, або такі, що містять менше ніж 100 слів, перевірятися не будуть. Пам'ятайте, що писати на зворотній стороні Бланку Б пе можна.

Варіант 1

Reading Task і

г

h^-l-W^;-Л>0?-7 кі^І£—

-.у"

:

:

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (1—5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

T H E P O W E R OF P O S I T I V E T H I N K I N G Positive t h i n k i n g i s a practice which r e q u i r e s y o u r c e r t a i n m e n t a l a t t i t u d e . Someone who has a positive t h i n k i n g always foresees h a p p i n e s s , good h e a l t h , success, a n d a positive outcome of almost every s i t u a t i o n and e v e n t t h a t t a k e s place. A person w i t h a positive t h i n k i n g expects t h a t t h i n g s will always work o u t and t h e y often do. W h e n you have a positive t h i n k i n g , you easily find answers t o even t h e m o s t complex problems a n d challenges.

(1) Before you can work o u t a positive t h i n k i n g p a t t e r n , you first h a v e to realize t h a t positive think­ ing is n o t s o m e t h i n g you do from t i m e to t i m e . Positive t h i n k i n g is a p r a c t i c e , one t h a t you work w i t h daily and apply r e g u l a r l y . By m a k i n g i t a daily h a b i t you c r e a t e a positive t h i n k i n g mindset t h a t allows you to avoid potentially n e g a t i v e and challenging s i t u a t i o n s , and helps you to resolve dilemmas quickly a n d easily.

(2) You will a t t r a c t w h a t you t h i n k about r e g u l a r l y .

So if you believe t h a t life is difficult, you will a t t r a c t s i t u a t i o n s t h a t will m a k e y o u r life diffi­ cult.

T h u s you should s t a r t p a y i n g close a t t e n t i o n to w h a t you t h i n k . E v e r y day catch yourself think­ ing, ask yourself — w h a t am I t h i n k i n g about? Is t h i s t h o u g h t positive or negative? Does i t help me to improve m y life or does i t m a k e my life more difficult?

(3) W h i l e t h e y will help to develop a positive t h i n k i n g p a t t e r n , i t can t a k e some t i m e to see real re­ s u l t s from r e c i t i n g positive affirmations repeatedly. T h a t ' s because i t depends on w h a t you w a n t and where you a r e in life.

To create a positive t h i n k i n g m i n d s e t , y o u r positive a f f i r m a t i o n s should be said daily, should be in t h e p r e s e n t t e n s e , a n d should be said in y o u r voice. W o r k i n g w i t h a f f i r m a t i o n CDs is also help­ ful.

(4) See yourself succeeding at w h a t you w a n t to achieve. This will help t o boost t h e r e s u l t s of your affirmations a n d develop a s t r o n g e r positive t h i n k i n g p a t t e r n . W h e n you visualize, your subcon­ scious associates t h e i m a g e w i t h t h e affirmation and helps you t o achieve t h e success you w a n t sooner.

(5) W h e n y o u ' r e positive, w h e n you have a positive t h i n k i n g m i n d s e t a n d w h e n you work w i t h posi­ tive affirmations daily, you begin to spread t h e positive emotions. W h e n t h i s h a p p e n s , you n a t u ­ rally begin to a t t r a c t positive people and positive s i t u a t i o n s i n t o y o u r life.

A В C D E

Spread t h e P o s i t i v e E n e r g y Create Positive T h o u g h t s t h a t Lead t o a Positive T h i n k i n g Mindset W e A r e All Connected Visualize Y o u r Success Involve Y o u r F r i e n d s a n d Family

F How to Develop Positive Thinking?

G These Changes W o n ' t Happen Overnight H R e s u l t s w i t h P o s i t i v e T h i n k i n g and A f f i r m a t i o n s Can Vary .—______

_ _ _ _ _ _

_____—_____

т

а

8

к

2 ——-———————

••———

——

R e a d t h e text below. For q u e s t i o n s ( 6 — 1 0 ) c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r (А, В, C or D). Write your a n s w e r s on the separate answer sheet.

U N I V E R S I T I E S IN T H E U K U n i v e r s i t i e s i n B r i t a i n are a m a g n e t f o r o v e r s e a s s t u d e n t s . T h e r e are c u r r e n t l y o v e r 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 f r o m outside Britain s t u d y i n g at British universities. The largest single group is Chinese students. There are c u r r e n t l y 5 0 , 0 0 0 i n t h e U K . T h e B r i t i s h g o v e r n m e n t e x p e c t s t h e t o t a l n u m b e r of o v e r s e a s s t u ­ d e n t s t o b e a r o u n d 9 0 0 , 0 0 0 b y 2 0 2 0 , a n d a l s o t h i n k s t h a t a q u a r t e r of t h e s e w i l l be C h i n e s e .

B u t w h y i s t h e U K s u c h a p o p u l a r d e s t i n a t i o n f o r u n i v e r s i t y s t u d e n t s ? W e l l , t h e q u a l i t y of y o u r course i s guaranteed. A l l courses are assessed by an independent s y s t e m , so y o u can be assured that your course is officially approved and has wide international recognition.

B e s i d e s , t h e B r i t i s h e d u c a t i o n s y s t e m i s v e r y f l e x i b l e i n o r d e r t o p r o v i d e f o r t h e n e e d s of a m o d ­ e r n , c o m p l e x s o c i e t y . It i s a l s o c o s t - e f f e c t i v e . D e g r e e c o u r s e s are u s u a l l y s h o r t e r a n d m o r e i n t e n s i v e t h a n i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s . T h e r e are l o t s of s c h o l a r s h i p s a v a i l a b l e . Y o u n o r m a l l y n e e d 3 A - l e v e l s , w h i c h are t h e e x a m s t a k e n b y p e o p l e l e a v i n g s c h o o l at 1 8 , i n o r d e r t o e n t e r a n u n d e r g r a d u a t e d e g r e e c o u r s e .

Y o u a l s o n e e d a n I E L T S s c o r e of a t l e a s t 5 . 5 , b u t m a n y u n i v e r s i t i e s o f f e r f o u n d a t i o n or a c c e s s c o u r s e s to prepare s t u d e n t s for their studies.

B r i t i s h u n i v e r s i t i e s o f f e r a p e r s o n a l i s e d b u t i n d e p e n d e n t a p p r o a c h . T h e e m p h a s i s i s on c r e a t i v e a n d i n d e p e n d e n t t h o u g h t , w h i c h h e l p s t o d e v e l o p t h e s k i l l s y o u w i l l n e e d t o c o m p e t e i n t h e g l o b a l job market. Tutors not only teach but also provide support and guidance. A s a result, international stu­ dents have a very low drop-out rate and a v e r y h i g h pass rate.

It is v e r y s i m p l e t o b e c o m e a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t u d e n t i n t h e U K . T h e B r i t i s h C o u n c i l o f f e r s a f r e e and impartial service to anyone w h o i s interested i n s t u d y i n g in the U K , and an organisation called UCAS assists you in finding a course and making an effective application.

The UK is a dynamic and cosmopolitan place. The countryside is beautiful, and the theatres, mu­ s e u m s , architecture and rich history make it a fascinating place to live and study. W h y not to g i v e it ago?

6

According to the first paragraph, A t h e r e are c u r r e n t l y o v e r 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 B r i t i s h s t u d e n t s at u n i v e r s i t i e s of t h e U K . В Chinese students prefer to get their education in the U S universities rather than go to Britain.

C u n i v e r s i t i e s i n B r i t a i n are p o p u l a r w i t h s t u d e n t s all o v e r t h e w o r l d .

D t h e B r i t i s h g o v e r n m e n t k n o w s f o r s u r e t h e t o t a l n u m b e r of o v e r s e a s s t u d e n t s b y 2 0 2 0 .

7

W h a t does the author mean by saying that the British education s y s t e m is «cost-effective*?

A It's cheap. В Every y o u n g m a n can afford to s t u d y at the university in Britain.

C Your course is officially approved.

D I t ' l l a l l o w s a v i n g a l o t of m o n e y i n c o m p a r i s o n w i t h t h e c o s t s i n v o l v e d .

8

All of the following are t h e factors which make the U K such a popular destination for university students EXCEPT A s t u d e n t s ' r e s u l t s are e v a l u a t e d i n d e p e n d e n t l y . В s c h o l a r s h i p s a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r all t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t u d e n t s . io British higher education is adapted to the modern social needs.

D British universities offer students high-quality courses.

9

W h i c h of t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t r u e a b o u t B r i t i s h u n i v e r s i t i e s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e t e x t ?

A Degree courses are not so i n t e n s i v e as in other countries. В International students frequently leave British universities w i t h o u t finishing the degree courses.

C They appreciate creative and independent thinking.

D A l l t h e u n i v e r s i t i e s i n t h e U K o f f e r f o u n d a t i o n or a c c e s s c o u r s e s t o p r e p a r e s t u d e n t s f o r t h e i r studies.

10 W h a t o r g a n i z a t i o n s c a n h e l p y o u t o b e c o m e a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t u d e n t i n t h e U K ?

A IELTS В The British Council C UCAS D B o t h В a n d C are c o r r e c t _ —

Task 3

—

~

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (11 — 15). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

WORLD HERITAGE If y o u t h i n k a b o u t W o r l d H e r i t a g e S i t e s , y o u p r o b a b l y t h i n k of p l a c e s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a n c i e n t a r t a n d c u l t u r e , h i s t o r i c a l b u i l d i n g s a n d m o n u m e n t s . A n d of c o u r s e , m a n y of t h e s e are on t h e W o r l d Heritage.

L e t ' s look a t a f e w of t h e m o r e u n u s u a l s i t e s o n t h e W o r l d H e r i t a g e L i s t ( W H L ) a n d w h y i t i s i m ­ portant to preserve t h e m .

(11) S i m i e n N a t i o n a l P a r k , E t h i o p i a S i m i e n N a t i o n a l P a r k w a s o n e of t h e f i r s t s i t e s t o be l i s t e d i n 1 9 7 8 . It i s o n e of t h e h i g h e s t m o u n ­ t a i n a r e a s i n A f r i c a , a n d t h e W H L c a l l s i t « o n e of t h e m o s t s p e c t a c u l a r l a n d s c a p e s i n t h e w o r l d * .

It i s also i m p o r t a n t f o r i t s w i l d l i f e . R a r e a n i m a l s l i k e t h e G e l a d a b a b o o n a n d t h e S i m i e n f o x l i v e t h e r e . It i s a l s o t h e o n l y p l a c e i n t h e w o r l d w h e r e y o u c a n f i n d t h e W a l i a i b e x , a t y p e of g o a t . T h e p o p u l a t i o n of t h i s a n i m a l i s g e t t i n g s m a l l e r a n d s m a l l e r . T h a t ' s w h y t h e s i t e i s n o w o n t h e L i s t of World Heritage in Danger.

(12) T h e c i t y of B r a s i l i a , B r a z i l B r a s i l i a i s a c a p i t a l c i t y t h a t w a s c r e a t e d f r o m n o t h i n g i n 1 9 5 6 . T h e W H L c a l l s i t «a l a n d m a r k i n t h e h i s t o r y of t o w n p l a n n i n g * . T h e d i f f e r e n t a r e a s of t h e c i t y a n d t h e b u i l d i n g s t h e m s e l v e s w e r e all d e s i g n e d at t h e s a m e t i m e s o t h a t t h e y w o u l d h a r m o n i s e w i t h e a c h o t h e r . E v e r y p a r t of t h e c i t y shows the ideas of the planner and architect.

(13) D o r s e t a n d E a s t D e v o n C o a s t , t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m T h i s p a r t of t h e c o a s t i n t h e S o u t h - W e s t of E n g l a n d i s f a m o u s f o r i t s f o s s i l s a n d i s p o p u l a r w i t h s c i e n t i s t s a n d a m a t e u r f o s s i l h u n t e r s . T h e c l i f f s a l s o s h o w r o c k f o r m a t i o n s f r o m m i l l i o n s of y e a r s a g o . T h e W H L s a y s t h a t t h e y « h a v e c o n t r i b u t e d t o t h e s t u d y of e a r t h s c i e n c e s f o r o v e r 3 0 0 years».

(14) T h e D a r j e e l i n g H i m a l a y a n R a i l w a y i n I n d i a T h i s r a i l w a y w a s o p e n e d i n 1 8 8 1 a n d i s s t i l l o p e r a t i n g t o d a y . It c r o s s e s a d i f f i c u l t area of m o u n ­ t a i n l a n d s c a p e a n d i t i s a g r e a t e x a m p l e of r a i l w a y e n g i n e e r i n g . T h e W H L s a y s t h a t it i s « t h e f i r s t a n d s t i l l t h e m o s t o u t s t a n d i n g e x a m p l e of a h i l l p a s s e n g e r r a i l w a y * .

(15) R i o P l a t a n o R e s e r v e , H o n d u r a s T h e W H L s a y s t h a t t h i s s i t e i s « o n e of t h e f e w r e m a i n s of a h u m i d t r o p i c a l f o r e s t i n C e n t r a l A m e r i ­ ca* . I t ' s a m o u n t a i n o u s a r e a o n t h e C a r i b b e a n c o a s t w i t h m a n y d i f f e r e n t s p e c i e s of p l a n t s a n d ani­ mals. The people who have always lived there still have the same traditional lifestyle.

So, the W o r l d H e r i t a g e List isn't only about ancient m o n u m e n t s and b u i l d i n g s . It's also concerned w i t h technology, natural beauty, wildlife and traditional w a y s of life.

(By Linda Baxter)

This W o r l d H e r i t a g e S i t e A В C D E F G H

c a n b o a s t of e x c e p t i o n a l l y b e a u t i f u l l a n d s c a p e s a n d u n i q u e w i l d l i f e . i s t h e first and still t h e m o s t o u t s t a n d i n g example of a hill p a s s e n g e r railway. claims to preserve h u m i d tropical forest of Central America. i s described as « a universal symbol of liberty». used to be a prison, a hospital and a military base. a t t r a c t s s c i e n t i s t s w i t h i t s r e m a i n s of p r e h i s t o r i c p l a n t s o r a n i m a l s . i s a g o o d e x a m p l e of t o w n p l a n n i n g . s h o w s u s past European society t h r o u g h i t s landscape of villages, f a r m s , fields, upland pastures and mountain roads.

— — — - — — — — — — — — — — — — _ _ _ _ _ _ —

Task 4

—

—

—

-

—

—

—

R e a d t h e text b e l o w . C h o o s e from (A— H) t h e o n e w h i c h b e s t fits e a c h s p a c e ( 1 6 — 2 1 ) . There are t w o c h o i c e s y o u d o n o t n e e d t o u s e . Write your a n s w e r s o n t h e s e p a r a t e a n s w e r s h e e t .

S U P E R S T I T I O N S : FRIDAY 13™ — U N L U C K Y F O R Y O U ?

One p e r s o n i n f o u r i n B r i t a i n i s , a p p a r e n t l y , s u p e r s t i t i o u s , a n d t h e y ' l l d o e v e r y t h i n g f r o m h a n g i n g horseshoes over their fireplace to crossing their fingers, touching wood and absolute­ ly never (16)

-

A n d they're careful about cats. Black cats are supposed to be the famil­

i a r s of w i t c h e s o r w a r l o c k s , s o ( 1 7 )

, i t ' s definitely bad luck — a w i t c h i s after you! On

t h e o t h e r h a n d , if o n e c r o s s e s y o u r p a t h a n d c o n t i n u e s , t h e n i t ' s g o o d l u c k ( 1 8 ) . Howev­ e r , i n s o m e p l a c e s t h e b e l i e f s are d i f f e r e n t — s o i t p a y s t o k n o w w h e r e y o u r black c a t c o m e s f r o m !

Old s u p e r s t i t i o n s l i n g e r e v e n i n t o d a y ' s m o d e r n w o r l d . T h e a u t h o r P h i l i p P u l l m a n d r e w o n t h e m i n h i s a w a r d - w i n n i n g t r i l o g y o f n o v e l s « H i s D a r k M a t e r i a l s ». T h e t r i l o g y ( 1 9 ) has been adapted for radio and also the theatre.

T h e y are a l s o t h e s u b j e c t f o r r e s e a r c h b y D r R i c h a r d W i s e m a n a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f H e r t f o r d s h i r e .

H e b e l i e v e s t h a t s o m e p e o p l e a c t u a l l y w a n t t o be u n l u c k y b e c a u s e ( 2 0 )

for their own failings.

I t ' s e a s i e r t o s a y «I f a i l e d t h e e x a m b e c a u s e I ' m j u s t a n u n l u c k y p e r s o n * t h a n t o a d m i t ( 2 1 ) «It's a way of copping o u t » , he said.

A В C D E F G H

.

if one is following y o u that y o u didn't work hard e n o u g h b u t i n t h e end we're all h u m a n beings it helps them to avoid taking responsibility which appeals to both children and adults w h o are f i g h t i n g for freedom walking under a ladder because it hasn't noticed y o u ,

Task 5 •

1

—

R e a d t h e text b e l o w . For q u e s t i o n s ( 2 2 — 3 3 ) c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r (А, В, C or D). Write your a n s w e r s on the separate answer sheet.

WIMBLEDON Wimbledon is the most important (22)

e v e n t of t h e B r i t i s h s u m m e r . S i n c e t h e f i r s t

(23) w a s played i n 1 8 7 7 i n front of a f e w h u n d r e d (24) , the competition has become a global sporting e v e n t attended b y over half a million people, and w a t c h e d o n television by millions.

T h e w o r l d ' s t o p t e n n i s p l a y e r s a g r e e t h a t p l a y i n g at W i m b l e d o n i s a n e x p e r i e n c e (25) no other. J o h n M cEnroe, a three­time W i m b l e d o n winner, describes W i m b l e d o n as «the hallowed ground of t h e s p o r t » .

A l t h o u g h the W i m b l e d o n tennis championship has been in existence for more than a century, t h e s p o r t of t e n n i s h a s a m u c h l o n g e r h i s t o r y . M o s t e x p e r t s a g r e e t h a t t h e m o d e r n g a m e h a s i t s (26)

in a courtyard ball game played by French m o n k s in the 1 1 t h century.

For t h i s r e a s o n m a n y of t h e w o r d s u s e d i n t e n n i s are of (27) origin. The unusual terms u s e d i n s c o r i n g a t e n n i s m a t c h are E n g l i s h v e r s i o n s of F r e n c h w o r d s : d e u c e ( p r o n o u n c e d « j u i c e » ) c o m e s f r o m t h e F r e n c h w o r d « d e u x » , m e a n i n g «to t w o » . T h e w o r d « l o v e » , m e a n i n g « z e r o » , a l s o h a s French origins.

Much has changed since the first Wimbledon Tournament in 1877 — t h e f i r s t champion, Spencer Gore, (28)

a p r i z e of £ 1 2 ; t h i s y e a r t h e p r i z e m o n e y i s £ 6 3 0 , 0 0 0 . I n d e e d , s u c c e s s i n t e n n i s

c h a m p i o n s h i p s i s a v e r y l u c r a t i v e b u s i n e s s . 2 0 0 4 W i m b l e d o n (29) Roger Federer has won n e a r l y $ 1 7 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 i n p r i z e m o n e y s i n c e t u r n i n g pro i n 1 9 9 8 . E v e n m o r e i m p r e s s i v e , S e r e n a a n d Ve­ nus Williams have won a staggering $ 3 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 between them over the last ten years.

(30)

W i m b l e d o n has traditionally been dominated by A m e r i c a n s and Europeans, other

c o u n t r i e s are b e g i n n i n g t o p r o d u c e w o r l d ­ c l a s s p l a y e r s . Li T i n g a n d S u n T i a n T i a n w h o w o n g o l d (31)

at the A t h e n s Olympics both play at W i m b l e d o n this year. All Chinese competitors will

b e (32)

pressure to do well; their coach, J i a n g H o n g w e i , has g o n e on record as saying, «M y

f i r s t t a r g e t i s t o l i f t m y p l a y e r s i n t o t h e t o p 3 0 . O l y m p i c g o l d i s n o t (33)

».

A

В

C

D

22

musical

artistic

dramatic

sporting

23

performance

contest

maneuver

tournament

24

spectators

audience

listeners

views

25

likely

like

unlike

liking

26

originals

originates

origins

originative

27

British

English

French

Dutch

28

contested

won

failed

succeed

29

supporter

champion

referee

judge

30

Although

Thus

However

Nevertheless

31

medals

gifts

honors

grants

32

over

without

under

behind

33

lacking

insufficient

plentiful

enough

• •

• •

Task 6

Read the text below. For questions (34—45) c h o o s e the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Once u p o n a t i m e t h e r e w a s a g o o d o l d w o m a n (34) (35)

lived in a little house. She

i n h e r g a r d e n a b e d of b e a u t i f u l s t r i p e d t u l i p s .

One n i g h t s h e (36)

b y t h e s o u n d s of s w e e t s i n g i n g a n d of b a b i e s ' l a u g h i n g . S h e l o o k e d o u t

of t h e w i n d o w . T h e s o u n d s s e e m e d t o c o m e f r o m t h e t u l i p b e d , b u t s h e c o u l d s e e (37) .

T h e n e x t m o r n i n g s h e w a l k e d a m o n g h e r f l o w e r s , b u t t h e r e w e r e n o s i g n s of a n y o n e h a v i n g b e e n there the night before.

On t h e (38)

n i g h t she was again woken by sweet s i n g i n g and babies' laughing. S h e rose

a n d s t o l e s o f t l y t h r o u g h h e r g a r d e n . T h e m o o n (39) brightly on t h e t u l i p bed, and the flowers were s w a y i n g to and fro. The old w o m a n looked closely and she saw, s t a n d i n g by each tulip, a little F a i r y m o t h e r w h o w a s c r o o n i n g a n d r o c k i n g t h e f l o w e r l i k e a c r a d l e , (40) lay a little Fairy baby laughing and playing.

in each tulip-cup

The good old w o m a n stole quietly back to her h o u s e , and f r o m that t i m e on she never picked a tu­ lip, nor did she allow her neighbours (41). the flowers.

The tulips grew daily brighter in colour and larger in size, and they g a v e out a delicious perfume l i k e t h a t of r o s e s . T h e y a l s o (42) t o b l o o m all t h e y e a r r o u n d . A n d e v e r y n i g h t t h e l i t t l e F a i r y m o t h e r s caressed their babies and rocked t h e m to sleep in the flower-cups.

The day came w h e n the good old w o m a n died, and the tulip-bed was torn up by folks w h o did not k n o w a b o u t t h e F a i r i e s , a n d p a r s l e y (43)

t h e r e i n s t e a d of t h e f l o w e r s . B u t t h e p a r s l e y f a d e d ,

a n d (44) d i d all the. o t h e r p l a n t s i n t h e g a r d e n , a n d f r o m t h a t t i m e n o t h i n g w o u l d g r o w there.

But the good old woman's grave grew beautiful, for the Fairies sang above it, and kept it green; while o n t h e g r a v e a n d all a r o u n d i t t h e r e s p r a n g u p t u l i p s , d a f f o d i l s , a n d v i o l e t s , a n d (45) f l o w e r s of s p r i n g .

lovely

A

Đ’

C

D

34

what

who

whether

whose

35

have

had

has

was having

36

woke

woken

was woken

was waking

37

anything

something

nothing

everything

38

following

followed

follow

to follow

39

was shining

were shining

been shining

shone

40

sometime

though

even if

while

41

touch

to touch

touching

touched

42

begin

to begin

began

begun

43

planted

planting

is planted

was planted

44

so

as

neither

both

45

another

other

others

other's

Writing 4 6 Use t h e plan below to w r i t e a for-and-against essay (at least 100 words) about w h e t h e r schoolchildren should u s e e-books a t school lessons.

PLAN Introduction Para 1: S t a t e t h e topic.

M a i n body Para 2: P o i n t for schoolchildren u s i n g e-books a t t h e i r lessons.

Para 3: P o i n t a g a i n s t schoolchildren u s i n g e-books a t t h e i r lessons.

Conclusion Para 4: S u m u p t h e a d v a n t a g e s and d i s a d v a n t a g e s .

Reading —

T

a

s

k

-J —

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (1—5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

D o y o u s o m e t i m e s f e e l l i k e y o u r f r i e n d s are f a i r - w e a t h e r f r i e n d s or m o r e l i k e a c q u a i n t a n c e s ? P e r ­ h a p s t h e y d o n ' t r e a l i z e t h a t y o u d e s i r e a c l o s e r r e l a t i o n s h i p . T o h a v e a t r u e f r i e n d , y o u h a v e t o be o n e yourself.

Cultivating these qualities will help y o u to s t r e n g t h e n your friendships:

(1) W h e n a f r i e n d of y o u r s t e l l s y o u a b o u t a p r o b l e m , r e f r a i n f r o m i n t e r r u p t i n g a n d t h i n k i n g w h a t y o u ' r e g o i n g t o s a y i n r e s p o n s e . G i v e y o u r f r i e n d y o u r f u l l a t t e n t i o n . It c a n h e l p t h e m t o f e e l b e t ­ ter about the challenges they're facing.

(2) D e v o t i o n i s o n e of t h e h a l l m a r k s of g r e a t f r i e n d s h i p . A v o i d g o s s i p i n g a b o u t y o u r f r i e n d s a n d k e e p t h e s e c r e t s s a f e t h a t w e r e g i v e n t o y o u i n l o v e a n d c o n f i d e n c e . T r u s t i s t h e b a s i s of t r u e f r i e n d s h i p .

T r e a t y o u r f r i e n d s l i k e y o u ' d w a n t t o be t r e a t e d .

(3) H e l p t o u p l i f t t h e m i n t h e i r t i m e of n e e d . If y o u r f r i e n d w a n t s t o a c h i e v e a w o r t h y g o a l s u c h a s losing w e i g h t , g i v i n g up s m o k i n g , or t a k i n g up a new skill, tell t h e m i t ' s a good idea and go out of y o u r w a y t o p r o v i d e t h e m w i t h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n or a s s i s t a n c e t h e y n e e d .

(4) If y o u call t h e m o n l y w h e n y o u n e e d h e l p or if y o u k e e p a s k i n g t h e m f o r i m p o s s i b l e f a v o u r s , y o u ' l l come across more as a pest t h a n a friend.

W h e n t h e y do help y o u , e n s u r e t h a t the assistance t h e y give y o u d o e s n ' t compromise t h e m in any way. Show t h e m respect and appreciation.

(5) Appreciate your friends' company and their help. Don't be afraid to say «sorry», o f c o u r s e « t h a n k y o u * w h e n r e q u i r e d . T h e s e t h r e e m a g i c w o r d s c a n r e a l l y h e l p to They also show that you don't take your friends for granted.

W a t c h your friendship blossom when you follow these strategies. Being a good l y b e i n g k i n d t o t h o s e w h o h a v e c h o s e n t o be i n y o u r l i f e , b u t i t ' s a l s o y i e l d i n g friendship!

A В C D E F G H

B e Loyal Avoid A r g u i n g to W i n Be Supportive D e v e l o p t h e A r t of L i s t e n i n g W e l l A v o i d T a k i n g A d v a n t a g e of Y o u r F r i e n d s A g r e e to Disagree Be Truthful Say «Please», «Thank Y o u * and «I'mSorry»

or « p l e a s e » , a n d create harmony. friend is not on­ more satisfying

R e a d the text below. For q u e s t i o n s ( 6 — 1 0 ) c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r (А, В, C or D). Write your a n s w e r s on the separate answer sheet.

A R E Y O U A B L O G G E R TOO? Only a few years a g o , a « wob log* w a s a little-known w a y of k e e p i n g an online diary. A t t h a t time, i t s e e m e d l i k e « b l o g s » ( a s t h e y q u i c k l y b e c a m e k n o w n ) w e r e o n l y f o r s e r i o u s c o m p u t e r g e e k s or obsessives. This didn't last long, t h o u g h , and w i t h i n a very short period of t i m e , blogs exploded — blogs w e r e e v e r y w h e r e , and it s e e m e d t h a t a l m o s t e v e r y o n e r e a d b l o g s , or w a s a b l o g g e r , T h e e n t h u s i a s m f o r b l o g g i n g of a c o u p l e of y e a r s a g o ( w h e n i t w a s e s t i m a t e d t h a t t e n n e w b l o g s were started s o m e w h e r e in t h e world every m i n u t e ) now s e e m s t o have died d o w n a bit — yet thou­ s a n d s of b l o g s ( p r o b a b l y t h e b e t t e r o n e s ) r e m a i n . B l o g s a r e n o w s o o n a s i m p o r t a n t a n d i n f l u e n t i a l s o u r c e s of n e w s a n d o p i n i o n s . S o m a n y p e o p l e r e a d b l o g s n o w t h a t i t h a s e v e n b e e n s u g g e s t e d t h a t s o m e b l o g s m a y h a v e b e e n p o w e r f u l e n o u g h t o i n f l u e n c e t h e r e s u l t of t h e r e c e n t U S e l e c t i o n .

B l o g s are v e r y e a s y t o s e t u p — all y o u n e e d i s a c o m p u t e r , an I n t e r n e t c o n n e c t i o n a n d t h e d e s i r e to write something. The difference between a blog and a traditional Internet site is that a blog is one p a g e c o n s i s t i n g m o s t l y of t e x t ( w i t h p e r h a p s a f e w p i c t u r e s ) , a n d — i m p o r t a n t l y — s p a c e f o r p e o p l e t o r e s p o n d to w h a t y o u w r i t e . T h e b e s t b l o g s are s i m i l a r t o o n l i n e d i s c u s s i o n s , w h e r e p e o p l e w r i t e i n r e s p o n s e s t o w h a t t h e b l o g g e r h a s w r i t t e n . B l o g s are r e g u l a r l y u p d a t e d — b u s y b l o g s are u p d a t e d e v e r y d a y , or e v e n e v e r y f e w h o u r s .

N o t all b l o g s are a b o u t p o l i t i c s , h o w e v e r . T h e r e are b l o g s a b o u t m u s i c , f i l m s , s p o r t s , b o o k s — about any subject you can imagine! So m a n y people read blogs now that t h e world of blog writers and blog readers has its o w n n a m e — the «blogosphere».

B u t h o w i n f l u e n t i a l , or i m p o r t a n t , i s t h i s b l o g o s p h e r e ? One p r o b l e m w i t h b l o g s i s t h a t m a n y peo­ p l e w h o read a n d w r i t e t h e m s e e m o n l y t o c o m m u n i c a t e w i t h e a c h o t h e r . W h e n p e o p l e t a l k a b o u t t h e i n f l u e n c e of t h e b l o g o s p h e r e , t h e y d o n o t t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t t h e m i l l i o n s of p e o p l e a r o u n d t h e w o r l d w h o are n o t b l o g g e r s , n e v e r r e a d b l o g s , a n d d o n ' t e v e n h a v e a c c e s s t o a c o m p u t e r , l e t t i n g a l o n e a g o o d Internet connection.

Sometimes, it seems that the blogosphere exists only to influence itself, or that its influence is limited to what is actually quite a small community. Blogs seem to promise a virtual democracy — in which anyone can say anything t h e y like, and have their opinions heard — but who is actually listen­ ing to these opinions? There is still little hard evidence that blogs have influenced people in the way that traditional m a s s media (television and newspapers) have the ability to do.

6

A c c o r d i n g t o t h e f i r s t p a r a g r a p h , a « w e b l o g » or «blog» A didn't last long. В i s a k i n d of an o n l i n e d i a r y .

C i s r e a d or w r i t t e n b y e v e r y o n e .

D i s o n l y f o r s e r i o u s c o m p u t e r g e e k s or o b s e s s i v e s .

7

W h i c h of t h e f o l l o w i n g c a n b e i n f e r r e d f r o m t h e t e x t ?

A T h e p o p u l a r i t y of b l o g g i n g h a s r e c e n t l y d e c l i n e d . В T h e e n t h u s i a s m f o r b l o g g i n g h a s i n c r e a s e d for t h e l a s t t w o y e a r s .

C A t present ten n e w blogs are started somewhere in the world every m i n u t e .

D M o s t b l o g s are a b o u t p o l i t i c s .

8

W h a t is the m a i n difference between a blog and a traditional Internet site?

A There's no difference. В A blog can never have any pictures.

C A n I n t e r n e t s i t e c o n s i s t s m o s t l y of t e x t .

D There's a space for people to respond i n a blog.

9

W h a t does the author m e a n by s a y i n g that « B l o g s are now seen as important and influential sources of n e w s and opinions » ?

A B l o g s are a m e a n s of a p o l i t i c a l c o n t r o l . В Blogs can have an effect on the popular beliefs and social processes in the community.

C Blogs seem to promise a virtual democracy.

D Blogs have influenced people in the way that traditional mass media do.

10 A c c o r d i n g t o t h e t e x t , w h i c h of t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s t r u e ?

A T h e b e s t b l o g s are s i m i l a r t o i n t e r c o m m u n i c a t i o n c o n v e r s a t i o n s . В B l o g s are r a r e l y u p d a t e d .

C N o t all p e o p l e i n t h e w o r l d r e a d b l o g s a n d h a v e a c c e s s t o a c o m p u t e r .

D B l o g o s p h e r e e x i s t s to i n f l u e n c e t h e s o c i e t y .

_

„

, „

„

T a s k

з

,

„

;

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) t o ( 1 1 — 1 5 ) . There are three choices you d o not need to use.

Write your answers on t h e separate answer sheet.

S Y M B O L S OF PEACE IN W O R L D C U L T U R E S T h e c o n c e p t of p e a c e i s a v e r y i m p o r t a n t o n e i n c u l t u r e s all o v e r t h e w o r l d . A n d t h e r e are c e r t a i n s y m b o l s w h i c h p e o p l e i n v e r y d i f f e r e n t c u l t u r e s r e c o g n i z e as r e p r e s e n t i n g p e a c e . L e t ' s look at t h e o r i g i n s of a f e w of t h e m .

(11) T h e Dove T h e d o v e h a s b e e n a s y m b o l of p e a c e a n d i n n o c e n c e f o r t h o u s a n d s of y e a r s i n m a n y d i f f e r e n t cul­ t u r e s . I n a n c i e n t G r e e k m y t h o l o g y i t w a s a s y m b o l of l o v e a n d t h e r e n e w a l of l i f e . I n a n c i e n t J a p a n a d o v e c a r r y i n g a s w o r d s y m b o l i s e d t h e e n d of w a r .

In C h r i s t i a n a r t , t h e d o v e w a s u s e d t o s y m b o l i s e t h e H o l y G h o s t a n d w a s o f t e n p a i n t e d a b o v e Christ's head.

B u t i t w a s P a b l o P i c a s s o w h o m a d e t h e d o v e a m o d e r n s y m b o l of p e a c e w h e n h e u s e d i t on a p o s t e r for the World Peace Congress in 1949.

(12) T h e Olive B r a n c h T h e o l i v e t r e e h a s a l w a y s b e e n a v a l u a b l e s o u r c e of f o o d a n d o i l . In G r e e k m y t h o l o g y , t h e g o d d e s s A t h e n e g a v e t h e o l i v e t r e e t o t h e p e o p l e of A t h e n s , w h o s h o w e d t h e i r g r a t i t u d e b y n a m i n g t h e c i t y after her. B u t no one k n o w s for sure w h e n or w h y it began to symbolise peace. There is probably a connection w i t h ancient Greece. W a r s between states were suspended during the Olympic Games, a n d t h e w i n n e r s w e r e g i v e n c r o w n s of o l i v e b r a n c h e s . T h e s y m b o l i s m m a y c o m e f r o m t h e f a c t t h a t the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit, so olives could only be cultivated successfully in l o n g p e r i o d s of p e a c e . W h a t e v e r t h e h i s t o r y , t h e o l i v e b r a n c h i s a p a r t of m a n y m o d e r n f l a g s s y m ­ bolising peace and unity. One well-known example is the United N a t i o n s symbol.

(13) Mistletoe M o s t p e o p l e k n o w of t h e t r a d i t i o n of k i s s i n g u n d e r t h e m i s t l e t o e a t C h r i s t m a s t i m e , w h i c h prob­ ably c o m e s f r o m S c a n d i n a v i a n m y t h o l o g y . H o w e v e r , t h i s p l a n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d t o be h o l y i n m a n y cultures, and it usually represented peace and love. According to the legend, the goddess Freya's s o n w a s k i l l e d b y a n a r r o w m a d e of m i s t l e t o e , s o , i n h o n o u r of h i m , s h e d e c l a r e d t h a t i t w o u l d al­ w a y s b e a s y m b o l of p e a c e .

(14) T h e R a i n b o w The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between h u m a n b e i n g s and their g o d s . In Greek m y t h o l o g y it w a s associated w i t h Iris, the goddess who brought m e s s a g e s f r o m the g o d s on M o u n t Olympus. In Scandinavian m y t h o l o g y the rainbow was a bridge b e t w e e n t h e gods and t h e earth. In t h e Bible a rainbow s h o w e d N o a h t h a t the Biblical f l o o d w a s f i n a l l y o v e r , a n d t h a t God h a d f o r g i v e n h i s p e o p l e . In t h e C h i n e s e t r a d i t i o n , t h e r a i n b o w

i s a c o m m o n s y m b o l f o r m a r r i a g e b e c a u s e t h e c o l o u r s r e p r e s e n t t h e u n i o n of y i n a n d y a n g . N o w a ­ days t h e rainbow is used b y m a n y popular m o v e m e n t s for peace and t h e environment, represent­ i n g t h e possibility of a better world i n t h e future and p r o m i s i n g s u n s h i n e after t h e rain.

(15) T h e A n k h T h e a n k h i s a n a n c i e n t s y m b o l w h i c h w a s a d o p t e d b y t h e h i p p i e m o v e m e n t i n t h e 1 9 6 0 s t o repre­ sent peace and love. It w a s found i n many A s i a n cultures, b u t is generally associated w i t h ancient E g y p t . It r e p r e s e n t e d l i f e a n d i m m o r t a l i t y . E g y p t i a n s w e r e b u r i e d w i t h a n a n k h , s o t h a t t h e y could continue to live i n t h e «afterworld». The symbol w a s also f o u n d along t h e sides of t h e N i l e , which gave life to t h e people. T h e y believed that t h e ankh could control t h e flow of t h e river and make sure that there w a s always enough water.

T h i s p e a c e sy mbol A as t h e story s a y s , acquired i t s symbolic m e a n i n g t h a n k s to a Scandinavian goddess. В w a s first m e n t i o n e d i n Greek m y t h o l o g y .

C represented life and immortality i n ancient Egypt.

D which can be found i n m a n y world cultures, shows t h e link b e t w e e n people and their gods.

E i s a c o m m o n s i g n of y i n i n t h e Chinese tradition.

F c a n b e s e e n o n m a n y m o d e r n f l a g s a s a s i g n of p e a c e a n d u n i t y .

G w a s depicted by Pablo Picasso on a poster for the World Peace Congress i n 1 9 4 9 .

H was adopted from anti­war movement.

— „

—

_

Task 4 — ~ - —

——

—

—

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best fits each s p a c e (16—21). There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

The Cutty Sark ship, (16) , w a s devastated by a fire in 2 0 0 7 . M ore t h a n 4 0 fire fighters w e r e c a l l e d t o t h e 1 3 8 ­ y e a r ­ o l d t e a c l i p p e r s h i p i n G r e e n w i c h e a r l y o n Mo n d a y m o r n i n g .

The ship recently i s closed t o v i s i t o r s so i m p r o v e m e n t s costing £ 2 5 m i l l i o n could be carried out.

A spokesman for t h e London fire service said t h e whole ship w a s affected b y t h e massive fire

(17)

.

Police don't know what caused the fire yet, but said (18)

• That means t h e fire might have

started on purpose (19) .

Chris Livett, from t h e group w h i c h looks after the ship, said the fire w a s a significant setback but t h e y w e r e d e t e r m i n e d t o p u t t h e s h i p back t o g e t h e r a g a i n .

H e said t h e decks could n o t be saved, however t h e d a m a g e didn't appear as bad as first feared.

Half the planking, (20) , escaped damage as they had been removed while t h e refurbish­ m e n t work was under w a y .

H e a d d e d : « S h e ' s b e e n t h r o u g h s t o r m s a n d h u r r i c a n e s . S h e ' s b e e n b a t t l i n g all h e r l i f e . S h e ' s n o t dead yet, far from i t » . t h

T h e C u t t y S a r k u s e d t o c a r r y t e a a r o u n d t h e w o r l d i n t h e 1 9 c e n t u r y . I t n o w s i t s a t a d r y dock a t Greenwich (21) A В C D E F G H

.

rather than b y accident one of London's m o s t popular tourist attractions but nobody was hurt as a living m u s e u m as a valuable intelligence tool they were treating it as suspicious d u r i n g t i m e s of p u b l i c d i s o r d e r a s w e l l a s all t h e o l d a r t e f a c t s o n b o a r d

Task 5

--—

—

Read the text below. For questions (22—33) c n o o s e the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

S C H O O L - L E A V I N G A G E S E T TO R I S E TO 18 The British government is soon to pass legislation that would raise the

school-leaving

(22) t o 18. T h e n e w p l a n s w i l l c o m e i n t o e f f e c t (23) 2 0 1 3 . (24) will have the c h o i c e of s t a y i n g i n f o r m a l c l a s s r o o m e d u c a t i o n t h a t c o v e r s a c a d e m i c l e s s o n s , o r of r e c e i v i n g v o c a ­ t i o n a l t r a i n i n g . It i s t h e f i r s t m a j o r r e v i s i o n of t h e c o m p u l s o r y e d u c a t i o n a g e l i m i t s i n c e 1 9 7 2 , w h e n i t w e n t u p t o t h e p r e s e n t 16 y e a r s (25)

. T h e g o v e r n m e n t h o p e s t h e a d d i t i o n a l t w o y e a r s of

s c h o o l i n g or t r a i n i n g w i l l (26) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t h e q u a l i t y of y o u n g B r i t o n s a n d e n s u r e m o r e B r i t i s h y o u t h t o h a v e q u a l i f i c a t i o n s o r w o r k p l a c e s k i l l s . If s u c c e s s f u l , B r i t a i n m a y b e able to b o a s t t h e b e s t (27) and most highly trained school-leavers in the world, which is bound to have positive knock-on effects for industry and the economy.

B r i t a i n ' s M i n i s t e r f o r E d u c a t i o n A l a n J o h n s o n t o l d The Times

(28)

t h a t a y o u n g s t e r of 1 6 i s n o t g e t t i n g a n y t r a i n i n g * . H e a d m i t t e d h i s (29)

t h a t it w a s « r e p e l l e n t of t h e p a s t , say­

i n g : «I r e g r e t n o t s t a y i n g o n i n e d u c a t i o n . . . w h e n I l e f t s c h o o l , t h e r e w e r e l o a d s of (30)

you

c o u l d w a l k i n t o w i t h o u t q u a l i f i c a t i o n s . T h a t ' s n o t g o i n g t o be t h e c a s e i n t h e f u t u r e * . T h e leader of (31)

teaching u n i o n S t e v e Sinnott agreed. He described t h e u p c o m i n g legislation as « inevita­

b l e * . H e w a r n e d : « W e c a n n o t a f f o r d t o n e g l e c t t h o s e y o u n g p e o p l e w h o c u r r e n t l y (32) a t 16 u n p r e p a r e d f o r t h e r i g o u r s a n d d e m a n d s of l i f e i n t h e 2 1

s t

school

c e n t u r y * . Toby A s h f o r d , a 16-year-

o l d s t u d e n t f r o m L o n d o n w a s n ' t a s e n t h u s i a s t i c . H e c o m p l a i n e d t h a t : «It i s (33) p o l i t i c i a n s t r y i n g t o be B i g B r o t h e r w i t h y o u n g p e o p l e * .

e x a m p l e of

A

В

c-

D

22

certificate

curriculum

grades

age

23

on

to

by

up

24

Teachers

Headmasters

Pupils

Ministers

25

old

elder

young

age

26

improve

better

worsen

mend

27

intelligent

educated

learn

disciplined

28

show

news

newspaper

school

29

mistakes

success

merits

advantages

30

jobs

employees

trade

skills

31

Britain

Britain's

Britains

Britains'

32

go

pass

enter

leave

33

other

others

other's

another

Read the text below. For questions (34—45) c h o o s e the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Once u p o n a t i m e , a y o u n g m a n L u c i a n t h e G r e e k w a s f i l l e d w i t h a d e s i r e t o s e e s t r a n g e c o u n t r i e s , a n d e s p e c i a l l y t o d i s c o v e r (34) there was any opposite shore to the ocean by which he lived.

So h a v i n g purchased a vessel, he s t r e n g t h e n e d it for a v o y a g e , that he k n e w w i t h o u t doubt (35)

l o n g a n d s t o r m y . T h e n h e c h o s e f i f t y s t o u t y o u n g f e l l o w s (36)

t h e s a m e l o v e of

a d v e n t u r e a s h i m s e l f , a n d n e x t h e (37) t h e b e s t c a p t a i n t h a t c o u l d be g o t f o r m o n e y , a n d p u t a s t o r e of p r o v i s i o n s a n d w a t e r o n b o a r d .

A l l t h i s b e i n g d o n e , h e s e t s a i l . (38) m a n y days he and his companions voyaged on deep w a t e r s and in s t r a n g e seas. A t t i m e s t h e w i n d w a s fair and g e n t l e , and at others it blew so hard that the sea rose in a terrible manner.

One m o r n i n g t h e w i n d b e g a n t o b l o w v i o l e n t l y , a n d t h e y (39) b y s t o r m f o r d a y s . On t h e third day they fell i n w i t h t h e P u m p k i n Pirates. For ships they had large p u m p k i n s , each being not l e s s t h a n n i n e t y f e e t i n l e n g t h . T h e s e p u m p k i n s t h e y (40) , a n d a f t e r w a r d d u g o u t all t h e i n ­ n e r p a r t of t h e m t i l l t h e y w e r e q u i t e h o l l o w . F o r m a s t s t h e y h a d r e e d s , a n d f o r s a i l s , i n t h e p l a c e of canvas, pumpkin leaves.

T h e s e p i r a t e s a t t a c k e d (41) w o u n d e d m a n y of h i s c o m p a n y .

v e s s e l w i t h t w o s h i p s or r a t h e r t w o p u m p k i n s ' c r e w s , a n d

L u c i a n ' s c o m p a n y f o u g h t f o r s o m e t i m e , (42) g a i n i n g the advantage, w h e n about noon t h e y s a w c o m i n g t o w a r d t h e m , i n t h e r e a r of t h e P u m p k i n P i r a t e s , t h e N u t - S h e l l S a i l o r s . T h e s e t w o tribes were at war w i t h each other.

A s soon as the P u m p k i n Pirates saw the others approaching, they left off f i g h t i n g Lucian's crew, a n d p r e p a r e d (43)

battle to the N u t - S h e l l Sailors. W h e n Lucian saw t h i s , he ordered the cap­

t a i n t o s e t all s a i l s ; a n d t h e y d e p a r t e d w i t h s p e e d . B u t (44) he could see that the Nut-Shell S a i l o r s h a d t h e b e s t of t h e b a t t l e , b e i n g s u p e r i o r i n n u m b e r s , h a v i n g f i v e c r e w s a g a i n s t t w o of t h e P u m p k i n P i r a t e s , and also because their ships were stronger.

A s s o o n a s t h e P u m p k i n P i r a t e s a n d t h e N u t - S h e l l S a i l o r s w e r e o u t of s i g h t , L u c i a n s e t h i m s e l f t o d r e s s i n g t h e w o u n d s of h i s i n j u r e d c o m p a n i o n s . A n d f r o m t h a t t i m e o n (45) Lucian and his crew wore their armour continually, not knowing when another strange enemy m i g h t come upon them.

A

В

C

D

34

whether

weather

heather

that

35

is

has been

will be

would be

36

have

had

to have

having

37

hire

hires

hired

had hired

38

For

Since

From

To

39

driven

are driven

were driven

were being driven

40

dry

drying

dried

had dried

41

Lucian

Lucian's

Lucians

Lucians'

42

with

without

after

since

43

give

giving

to give

to have given

44

looking for

looking back

looking up

looking forward

45

both

and

neither ,

either

Writing 46

I m a g i n e y o u are a n E n g l i s h s t u d e n t , J a n e , l i v i n g a n d s t u d y i n g i n U k r a i n e . W r i t e a n e m a i l (at least 1 0 0 words) f r o m J a n e to her friend in England, describing some of t h e differences she has noticed. Include: — p e o p l e ( f r i e n d l i e r / n o t a s f r i e n d l y , b e t t e r / w o r s e s e n s e of h u m o u r , e t c . ) ; — interaction between people (more/less reserved, m o r e / l e s s formal, etc.); — studying (more/less relaxed, more/fewer holidays, shorter/longer hours, etc.); — the food (spicier, l e s s / m o r e vegetarian options, tastier, etc.); — the climate (hotter/colder, wetter/drier, etc.).

Reading Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (1—5). There are three choices you don't need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

M o r e t h a n a q u a r t e r of t h e w o r k i n g p e o p l e i n E u r o p e h a v e i t . C a i r o , B o l o g n a , a n d P a r i s h a v e b e e n offering it the longest. A n d you can now possibly get it b y s i t t i n g at h o m e at a computer. W h a t is it?

A u n i v e r s i t y e d u c a t i o n , of c o u r s e . S o w h o g o e s t o u n i v e r s i t y a n d w h a t d o t h e y g e t o u t of t h e i r e x p e r i ­ ence?

(1) Most universities don't let just anyone in. Grades in the subjects you take in the final years o f s e c o n d a r y e d u c a t i o n are w h a t i s u s u a l l y l o o k e d a t . I n m a n y c o u n t r i e s p e o p l e a l s o h a v e t o do a n entry examination.

(2) :

.

T a k e a q u i c k n a m e c h e c k of t h e l e a d i n g w r i t e r s , p o l i t i c i a n s o r s c i e n t i s t s i n t h e U K or t h e U S A a n d y o u s h o u l d f i n d t h e m a j o r i t y c h o s e t o s p e n d t h e i r s t u d e n t y e a r s at O x f o r d a n d C a m b r i d g e or Harvard, Princeton and Yale.

(3) F o r t h e m a j o r i t y of s t u d e n t s , a t t e n d i n g a u n i v e r s i t y i n a t o w n o r c i t y n e a r t h e p l a c e w h e r e t h e y live is the only financially possible choice, but in Britain for m a n y years g o i n g to university meant l e a v i n g h o m e , w i t h all t h e f r e e d o m a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e t h a t i m p l i e d . U n i v e r s i t i e s t r a d i t i o n a l l y of­ f e r c h e a p a n d c l e a n a c c o m m o d a t i o n i n h o s t e l s or s t u d e n t h o u s e s .

(4) A c o m m o n f e a t u r e of a n y u n i v e r s i t y i s a t t e n d i n g l e c t u r e s , w h i c h i n v o l v e s t a k i n g n o t e s w h i l e a l e c t u r e r , a u n i v e r s i t y t e a c h e r , i s s p e a k i n g t o l a r g e g r o u p s of s t u d e n t s . In B r i t a i n , y o u are a l s o e x p e c t e d t o p r e s e n t a s u b j e c t p e r h a p s o n c e a t e r m a n d c o m m e n t o n i t i n t u t o r i a l s . T h e s e are s m a l l g r o u p d i s c u s s i o n s l e d b y a l e c t u r e r at w h i c h c l o s e r a n a l y s i s of a p a r t i c u l a r a r e a i s u n d e r t a k e n .

(5) T h e r e i s a n o l d s a y i n g t h a t « all w o r k a n d n o p l a y m a k e s J a c k a d u l l b o y », a n d p r o s p e c t i v e s t u d e n t s e x p e c t a r i c h a n d v a r i e d s o c i a l p a s t i m e . F r i e n d s h i p s a n d v a r i e d c l u b s a n d s o c i e t i e s t h a t e x i s t at most universities may last a lifetime.

A n d w h a t d o e s u n i v e r s i t y e d u c a t i o n all a d d u p t o ?

T h e r e w a s t h e o p i n i o n of T h e o d o r e R o o s e v e l t , a f o r m e r U S A m e r i c a n P r e s i d e n t : « A m a n w h o h a s n e v e r g o n e t o s c h o o l m a y s t e a l f r o m a f r e i g h t car; b u t if h e h a s a u n i v e r s i t y e d u c a t i o n , h e m a y steal the whole railroad*.

Or i s i t a s a n A m e r i c a n j o u r n a l i s t , S y d n e y H a r r i s , s a i d ? — « T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e of a liberal edu­ cation is to make one's m i n d a pleasant place in which to spend one's t i m e » .

A В C D E F G H

Accommodation Social Life Admission Teaching and Learning Special Courses W h i c h One t o Go t o U n i v e r s i t y Library Sport and U n i v e r s i t y Teams

_ „ _—„ _ Task 2 R e a d t h e text below. For q u e s t i o n s ( 6 — 1 0 ) c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r (A, B, C o r D). Write your a n s w e r s on the separate answer sheet.

S T U D E N T S I N V I T E D TO N A M E N E W M A R S R O V E R N A S A is looking for the right name for the n e x t Mars rover.

In cooperation with W a l t Disney Studios Motion Pictures, N A S A will conduct a naming contest for i t s c a r - s i z e d M a r s S c i e n c e L a b o r a t o r y r o v e r t h a t i s p l a n n e d t o be p r e s e n t e d i n 2 0 1 0 .

T h e c o n t e s t , b e g i n s o n T u e s d a y , 1 8 N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 9 , a n d i s o p e n t o s t u d e n t s of 5 t o 1 8 y e a r s o l d .

T o e n t e r t h e c o n t e s t , s t u d e n t s w i l l s u b m i t e s s a y s e x p l a i n i n g w h y t h e i r s u g g e s t e d n a m e for t h e r o v e r s h o u l d be c h o s e n . E s s a y s m u s t be r e c e i v e d b y 2 5 F e b r u a r y 2 0 1 0 . In A p r i l 2 0 1 0 , t h e p u b l i c w i l l h a v e t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o k n o w n i n e f i n a l i s t s ' n a m e s v i a t h e I n t e r n e t as a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n f o r j u d g e s t o consider during the selection process. N A S A will announce the winning rover name in May 2010.

Disney will provide prizes to students submitting winning essays, including a trip to N A S A ' s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, where the rover is under construction. The grand prize winner will have the opportunity to place a signature on the spacecraft and take part in the h i s t o r y of s p a c e e x p l o r a t i o n .

«Mars e x p l o r a t i o n h a s a l w a y s c a p t u r e d t h e p u b l i c i m a g i n a t i o n » , s a i d M a r k D a h l , p r o g r a m m e e x e c u t i v e for t h e M a r s S c i e n c e L a b o r a t o r y at N A S A H e a d q u a r t e r s i n W a s h i n g t o n . « T h i s c o n t e s t w i l l expand our ability to inspire s t u d e n t s ' interest in science and give the public a chance to participate in N A S A ' s next expedition to Mars».

T h e M a r s S c i e n c e L a b o r a t o r y r o v e r w i l l be l a r g e r a n d m o r e c a p a b l e t h a n a n y c r a f t p r e v i o u s l y s e n t t o l a n d t h e r e . It w i l l c h e c k w h e t h e r t h e e n v i r o n m e n t i n a c a r e f u l l y s e l e c t e d l a n d i n g r e g i o n h a s e v e r b e e n f a v o u r a b l e f o r s u p p o r t i n g m i c r o b i a l l i f e . T h e r o v e r w i l l s e a r c h f o r m i n e r a l s f o r m e d i n t h e pre­ s e n c e of w a t e r a n d look f o r s e v e r a l c h e m i c a l b u i l d i n g b l o c k s of l i f e . « W e are n o w i n a p h a s e w h e n w e ' r e b u i l d i n g a n d t e s t i n g t h e r o v e r b e f o r e i t s j o u r n e y t o M a r s » , s a i d J o h n K l e i n , p r o j e c t m a n a g e r f o r t h e M a r s S c i e n c e L a b o r a t o r y at J P L . « A s t h e r o v e r c o m e s t o ­ g e t h e r a n d b e g i n s t o t a k e s h a p e , t h e w h o l e t e a m c a n ' t w a i t t o call i t b y п а т е » .

6

The t e x t tells about A a competition held by N A S A . В N A S A ' s Mars projects.

C a new W a l t Disney cartoon.

D a Mars Science Laboratory rover.

7

The deadline for s t u d e n t s ' essays is A November 2009. В February 2 0 1 0 .

C April 2010.

D May 2 0 1 0 .

8

It A В C D

9

W h a t will the grand prize winner have?

A A trip to N A S A ' s J e t Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. В The opportunity to see the rover under construction.

C The rover model.

D The opportunity to place a signature on the spacecraft.

is planned to announce the finalists' names

by TV. in a newspaper. b y m e a n s of t h e I n t e r n e t . on the radio.

10 A c c o r d i n g t o M a r k D a h l , t h e p u r p o s e of t h e c o n t e s t i s A to attract students' interest to science. В to choose the best name for the Mars rover.

C to tell about the n e w Mars rover.

D to give students a chance to travel to Mars.

—

.

Task 3

'

— —

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (11—15). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

T h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m i s h o m e t o a v a s t n u m b e r of p r e s t i g i o u s u n i v e r s i t i e s . E v e r y y e a r , s t u d e n t s b e g i n t h e r i g o r o u s a d m i s s i o n s p r o c e s s t o a t t e n d o n e of t h e s e s c h o o l s , i n c l u d i n g s t u d e n t s f r o m all o v e r t h e w o r l d . T o g a i n a d m i s s i o n t o a t o p u n i v e r s i t y i n t h e U . K. f r o m w h e r e v e r a s t u d e n t m a y b e , s t u ­ d e n t s m u s t g o t h r o u g h t h e U n i v e r s i t i e s & C o l l e g e s A d m i s s i o n s S e r v i c e . T h e t o p 1 0 U . K. u n i v e r s i t i e s are t h e e l i t e , a n d a d m i s s i o n t o t h e m i s v e r y c o m p e t i t i v e .

(11) U n i v e r s i t y of Bristol L o c a t e d i n B r i s t o l , E n g l a n d , t h e U n i v e r s i t y of B r i s t o l i s o n e of t h e p r o c l a i m e d red-brick u n i ­ v e r s i t i e s , a g r o u p of s i x B r i t i s h u n i v e r s i t i e s e s t a b l i s h e d as c i v i c s c i e n c e o r e n g i n e e r i n g c o l l e g e s b e f o r e W o r l d W a r I. It c o n s i s t e n t l y r a n k s a t t h e t o p of l i s t s p u b l i s h e d b y t h e « L e a g u e T a b l e s of B r i t i s h U n i v e r s i t i e s * . It a l s o r e c e i v e s t h e m o s t a p p l i c a t i o n s p e r s c h o o l of a n y B r i t i s h u n i v e r s i t y , according to its website.

(12) U n i v e r s i t y of E x e t e r T h e U n i v e r s i t y of E x e t e r i s l o c a t e d i n t h e s o u t h w e s t of E n g l a n d a n d h a s t h r e e c a m p u s e s . T h e y b o a s t h i g h e n t r y s t a n d a r d s a n d l o w d r o p o u t r a t e s , w i t h a g r e a t m a j o r i t y of s t u d e n t s c o n s i s t e n t l y reporting satisfaction w i t h their academic experiences there, according to the university.

(13) D u r h a m U n i v e r s i t y D u r h a m U n i v e r s i t y , l o c a t e d i n D u r h a m , c l a i m s t o be t h e t h i r d o l d e s t u n i v e r s i t y i n E n g l a n d be­ h i n d its t w o h e a v y w e i g h t i n s t i t u t i o n s , Cambridge and Oxford. A c c o r d i n g to the «League Tables of B r i t i s h U n i v e r s i t i e s * , i t a t t r a c t s a l a r g e l y m i d d l e a n d h i g h e r c l a s s s t u d e n t b o d y a s a n a l t e r n a ­ tive to both Cambridge and Oxford.

(14) London School of Economics T h e L o n d o n S c h o o l of E c o n o m i c s , or t h e L S E , d e s c r i b e s i t s e l f a s t h e w o r l d ' s l e a d i n g s o c i a l sci­ e n c e i n s t i t u t i o n f o r b o t h t e a c h i n g a n d r e s e a r c h . I t h a s t h e l o w e s t a d m i s s i o n s r a t e of a n y u n i v e r ­ s i t y i n B r i t a i n , m a k i n g i t o n e of t h e m o r e s e l e c t i v e u n i v e r s i t i e s .

(15) U n i v e r s i t y of W a r w i c k L o c a t e d i n t h e o u t s k i r t s of W e s t M i d l a n d s , E n g l a n d , t h e U n i v e r s i t y of W a r w i c k i s a r e s e a r c h - l e d i n s t i t u t i o n . It h a s h i g h a c a d e m i c s t a n d a r d s a n d i s r e n o w n e d f o r i t s r e s e a r c h i n n u m e r o u s a r e a s s u c h a s h i s t o r y , m a t h e m a t i c s a n d b u s i n e s s , t o n a m e a f e w . It a l s o b o a s t s m a n y n o t a b l e a l u m n i i n a d i v e r s e a r r a y of f i e l d s .

This university _ _ _ _ _ _ A w a s f o u n d e d a s c i v i c s c i e n c e or e n g i n e e r i n g c o l l e g e s . В is the third oldest university in England after Oxford and Cambridge.

C was the first university institution to be founded in London.

D i s t h e f o r e m o s t s o c i a l s c i e n c e i n s t i t u t i o n of t h e w o r l d .

E maintains a very high academic reputation.

F is acknowledged for i t s r e s e a r c h in n u m e r o u s areas of s t u d y .

G is p r o u d of h i g h e n t r y s t a n d a r d s and low d r o p o u t r a t e s .

H is r e g u l a r l y r a t e d h i g h i n school r a n k i n g s .

—

:

—

Task 4

—

Read t h e text below. C h o o s e from (A—H) t h e o n e which b e s t fits e a c h s p a c e (16—21). There are two c h o i c e s you d o not n e e d to u s e . Write your a n s w e r s on t h e s e p a r a t e a n s w e r s h e e t .

PHONE RAGE W h a t drives people t o lose t e m p e r on t h e telephone? Being k e p t w a i t i n g , b e i n g connected to voice mail, being passed on t o someone else (16) . B u t w h a t i n f u r i a t e s t h e m m o s t of all is t a l k i n g t o someone who s o u n d s i n a t t e n t i v e , unconcerned or insincere, according to a Reed s u r v e y published today.

The Reed s u r v e y found that^nearly two t h i r d s of people feel t h a t «phone rage» — people losing t h e i r t e m p e r on t h e telephone — h a s become more common over t h e p a s t five y e a r s . More t h a n half of t h e r e s p o n d e n t s , (17) , said t h a t t h e y themselves h a d lost t h e i r t e m p e r s on t h e phone t h i s year.

The reasons for t h i s are threefold, according to Reed. People a r e m u c h m o r e likely to express a n g e r over t h e p h o n e , r a t h e r t h a n i n w r i t i n g (18) . Moreover, telephone u s a g e h a s been ris­ i n g steeply over r e c e n t y e a r s . I n c r e a s i n g n u m b e r s of t r a n s a c t i o n s t a k e place e n t i r e l y by p h o n e , from a r r a n g i n g i n s u r a n c e to p a y i n g bills. (19) , people's e x p e c t a t i o n s h a v e r i s e n . Nearly t h r e e q u a r t e r s of r e s p o n d e n t s to t h e Reed s u r v e y said t h e y are m o r e confident t h a t t h e i r problems can be solved over t h e telephone t h a n t h e y were five y e a r s ago.

Companies are t a k i n g steps to i m p r o v e t h e i r s t a f f ' s (20) . The s u r v e y found t h a t 7 0 per cent of o r g a n i s a t i o n s r e q u i r e t h e i r staff to answer t h e telephone w i t h a formal company g r e e t i n g . In 4 3 per cent of o r g a n i z a t i o n s , staff h a v e to give t h e i r own n a m e s when t h e y answer t h e telephone.

B u t a t h i r d of o r g a n i s a t i o n s do n o t give any t r a i n i n g , or they t r a i n only t h e i r receptionists. T h a t may n o t be enough, t h e r e p o r t says. A s companies move t o w a r d s «remote w o r k i n g * , t h e need for t h e (21) e x t e n d s t o every level of t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n .

A В C D E F G H

In addition who were from 536 o r g a n i s a t i o n s or face-to-face t r a i n i n g for i t r i g h t tone of voice telephone a n s w e r i n g t e c h n i q u e s are all common r e a s o n s a n d most effective way 1

Task 5

—

Read the text below. For questions (22—33) c h o o s e the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the s e p a r a t e a n s w e r s h e e t .

MAXWELL'S JOB INTERVIEW Maxwell had not had a steady job for almost two years. Today was a big day, because he was going to a job (22) t h a t he felt good about. The secretary he had talked to on t h e phone sounded friendly and encouraging.

Maxwell was a typist. His fingers danced on the (23) . However, his social skills were not near­ ly as good as his typing skills. Sometimes his mouth got in the way of his employment. A t his last steady (24) , his boss had told him to s t a r t making coffee every morning. Maxwell laughed. «I'm not mak­ ing coffee*, he said. «It's not p a r t of my job description*.

«Read the employee manual again*, his boss said. «Your job description is anything I say it is*. « That's a woman's job», said Maxwell. «Do it yourself*.

H i s boss w a s still y e l l i n g a s M a x w e l l w a l k e d (25) of t h e building. H e felt g r e a t about telling off the boss. A f e w d a y s later, t h e reality of not h a v i n g a job h i t h o m e . H e h a d to (26) t h e rent and u t i l i t y bills, and he had to eat. W h a t w a s he g o i n g to do?

H e t h o u g h t about (27) and a s k i n g for h i s job back. B u t h o w w o u l d t h a t look? Then again, w h o cares h o w i t looks w h e n y o u ' r e a l m o s t broke? A f t e r t h i n k i n g about it for another w e e k , he finally called h i s boss and apologised. H i s boss accepted h i s apology, b u t said t h a t he h a d already hired a replacement.

Maxwell (28) a temporary job agency, w h i c h provided h i m e n o u g h occasional work to pay h i s bills. B u t none of t h e companies t h a t h e w a s s e n t to were hiring. So M a x w e l l w a s excited.about finally get­ t i n g an i n t e r v i e w for a s t e a d y job.

Maxwell's drive t o t h e i n t e r v i e w w a s (29)

. The traffic w a s c o n g e s t e d a n d the neighbourhood

looked r o u g h . It took h i m 4 5 m i n u t e s to g e t there. The building w a s covered w i t h graffiti.

The i n t e r v i e w started 3 0 m i n u t e s (30) rette and took a (31)

. W i t h o u t b o t h e r i n g to apologise, t h e m a n a g e r lit a ciga­

f r o m h i s coffee cup. H e leaned back i n h i s chair and p u t h i s feet u p on h i s

desk. H e asked Maxwell a lot of q u e s t i o n s . M a x w e l l t h o u g h t t h a t each q u e s t i o n w a s m o r e ridiculous t h a n t h e (32)

one. The final q u e s t i o n w a s , « W h e r e w o u l d y o u like to be 1 0 years f r o m now? »

« W h a t does t h a t h a v e to do w i t h t y p i n g ? * Maxwell (33) . «Silly q u e s t i o n s from a rude m a n i n a l o u s y neighbourhood! W h e r e w o u l d h e like to be 10 years f r o m now? » «Anywhere but t h i s dump!» M a x w e l l said angrily, as he s t o o d u p a n d w a l k e d o u t .

A

В

C

D

22

dialogue.

conference

interview

examination

23

keyboard

blackboard

smartboard

processor

24

trade

profession

career

job

25

out

in

on

away

26

expend

pay

take

buy

27

sorry

forgiveness

apologising

express regret

28

get in touch with

contacted

reached

spoke to

29

reasonable

suitable

appointing

disappointing

30

lost

last

late

later

31

sip

drop

taste

mouthful

32

next

former

preceding

following

33

rambled

meandered

wandered

wondered

Read the text below. For questions ( 3 4 — 4 5 ) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D), Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

MERCURY A N D THE W O R K M E N A W o r k m a n , (34) So feeling unhappy and (35)

w o o d b y t h e s i d e of a r i v e r , let h i s a x e d r o p b y a c c i d e n t i n t o a deep pool. , he (36)

.

down on the bank and started (37)

h i s h a r d f a t e . M e r c u r y a p p e a r e d a n d d e m a n d e d t h e c a u s e of h i s t e a r s . A f t e r h e ( 3 8 ) misfortune, Mercury (39)

for him his

i n t o t h e s t r e a m , a n d , b r i n g i n g u p a g o l d e n a x e , i n q u i r e d if t h a t

(40) t h e o n e h e h a d l o s t . On h i s s a y i n g t h a t i t w a s n o t h i s , M e r c u r y d i s a p p e a r e d b e n e a t h t h e w a t e r for t h e s e c o n d t i m e , r e t u r n e d w i t h a s i l v e r a x e i n h i s h a n d , a n d a g a i n a s k e d t h e W o r k m a n if i t

w a s h i s . W h e n t h e W o r k m a n s a i d i t w a s n o t , h e d i v e d i n t o t h e p o o l (41) t h e third time and b r o u g h t u p t h e a x e t h a t h a d b e e n l o s t . T h e W o r k m a n c l a i m e d i t a n d e x p r e s s e d h i s j o y at U s r e c o v e r y .

Mercury, pleased with his honesty, gave him the golden and silver axes in addition to his own.

T h e W o r k m a n , o n h i s r e t u r n h o m e , r e l a t e d t o h i s c o m p a n i o n s ali t h a t (42)

. One

of t h e m at o n c e r e s o l v e d t o t r y a n d s e c u r e t h e s a m e g o o d f o r t u n e f o r h i m s e l f . H e ran t o t h e ri­ v e r a n d (43) his axe on purpose into the pool at the s a m e place, and sat down on t h e b a n k t o w e e p . M e r c u r y a p p e a r e d t o h i m j u s t a s h e h o p e d h e w o u l d ; a n d h a v i n g learned t h e c a u s e of h i s g r i e f , p l u n g e d i n t o t h e s t r e a m a n d b r o u g h t u p a g o l d e n a x e , i n q u i r i n g if h e (44) i t . T h e W o r k m a n s e i z e d i t (45) , and declared that truly it was the very same axe that he had lost. Mercury, displeased w i t h his dishonesty, not only took away the golden axe, but refused to recover for h i m the axe he had thrown into the pool.

A

Đ’

C

D

34

fell

felling-

felled

fells

35

depress

depressing

depressed

depresses

36

sit

sat

has sat

had sat

37

cry

cried

crying

to crying

38

was told

has told

had told

had been told

39

plunged

has plunged

had plunged

was plunged

40

be

was

been

are

41

for

on

in

up

42

happen

has happened

was happened

had happened

43

throw

threw

thrown

throwed

44

loses

has lost

had lost

was lost

45

greed

greedy

greedily

greeding

Writing 46

U s i n g t h e plan below, w r i t e a review for a film y o u have recently s e e n (at least 1 0 0 words).

PLAN Introduction Paral: M e n t i o n t h e t i t l e of t h e f i l m , d i r e c t o r , t y p e of t h e f i l m , p l a c e i t ' s s e t , m a i n c h a r a c t e r s , what the story is about.

Main body Para 2: N a m e m a i n p o i n t s of t h e p l o t .

Para 3: W r i t e y o u r c o m m e n t s a b o u t t h e a c t i n g , p l o t , s o u n d e f f e c t s , e t c .

Conclusion Para 4: R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s .

Reading _

__

T

a

s

k

j

_

_

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

_

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (1—5). There are three choices you don't need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

SUCCESS (1)

R e g a r d l e s s o f y o u r d e f i n i t i o n of s u c c e s s , m o s t p e o p l e w o u l d a g r e e t h a t s u c c e s s s t a r t s w i t h your t h o u g h t s , y o u r ideas and your beliefs — in other words, your mind. The understand­ i n g t h a t t h e s o u r c e of s u c c e s s i s c o n t a i n e d i n s o m e t h i n g as a b s t r a c t a s t h o u g h t s a n d i d e a s c a n be b o t h e x c i t i n g a n d f r i g h t e n i n g a t t h e s a m e t i m e . It i s a g r e a t f e e l i n g t o r e a l i s e t h a t w i t h t h e p o w e r of y o u r m i n d a l o n e y o u c a n a c h i e v e a n y t h i n g y o u w a n t , a n d y o u c a n r e a c h t h e s u c c e s s t h a t y o u d e s i r e . On t h e o t h e r h a n d , i d e a s a n d t h o u g h t s are s o m e w h a t i n t a n g i b l e — t h e y q u i c k l y c o m e a n d go away.

Is s u c c e s s s o m e t h i n g t h a t c a n be o b t a i n e d or l o s t a s e a s i l y a s a t h o u g h t t h a t p a s s e s t h r o u g h y o u r h e a d i n a n i n s t a n t ? I t h i n k t h e a n s w e r c a n be « y e s » a n d « п о » .

(2)

T h e s e are t h e b e l i e f s , t h e h a b i t s , t h e b e h a v i o u r , a n d all t h e o t h e r d e t a i l s of t h e m i n d t h a t m a k e u p t h e c o r e of w h o y o u a r e . K n o w l e d g e , s k i l l s a n d a b i l i t i e s a r e o t h e r c o m p o n e n t s of y o u r mind that have a s o m e w h a t permanent character. However, some knowledge and skills can lose t h e i r s t r e n g t h if n o t p u t t o p r a c t i c e , a n d n e w s k i l l s a n d k n o w l e d g e c a n b e g a i n e d t h r o u g h s t u d y , practice and experience. A person's beliefs, habits, personalities, knowledge, skills and abilities are i m p o r t a n t c o m p o n e n t s of s u c c e s s t h a t w i l l n o t d i s a p p e a r o r b e l o s t i n a p a s s i n g m o m e n t .

(3)

T h e s e are t h e i d e a s t h a t f l a s h t h r o u g h y o u r h e a d i n a m o m e n t of i n s p i r a t i o n . M o s t p e o p l e don't pay m u c h attention to these temporary t h o u g h t s w h e n your m i n d reveals to you something that could result in a good opportunity.

(4)

S u c c e s s f u l p e o p l e u n d e r s t a n d t h e i m p o r t a n c e of s p e n d i n g t i m e d o i n g h i g h - l e v e l t h i n k ­ i n g . You should plan to have a time period for at least 30 m i n u t e s to one hour each day when you are alone and y o u r m i n d is free from f u s s and disorder. U s e t h i s t i m e to let your m i n d flow and r e v e a l t o y o u t h e i n t e r e s t i n g i d e a s w h i c h y o u m a y d i s m i s s w h e n y o u are b u s y w i t h o t h e r t h i n g s .

W h e n t h o s e t h o u g h t s c o m e t o y o u , d o n ' t r e j e c t t h e m . Let t h e m fill y o u r m i n d w i t h t h e p o s s i b i l i ­ ties and w i t h your dreams of success, unrestricted by any constraints.

(5)

Y o u never know when great ideas will pop in your head. Therefore, it is very important t h a t y o u a l w a y s c a r r y w i t h y o u a n o t e b o o k a n d p e n t o w r i t e d o w n y o u r i d e a s as s o o n as t h e y c o m e t o y o u . T h i s n o t e b o o k c a n a l s o be v e r y u s e f u l f o r w r i t i n g d o w n o b s e r v a t i o n s t h a t w i l l h e l p y o u b e c o m e s u c c e s s f u l . If y o u r u n i n t o a s u c c e s s f u l p e r s o n t h a t y o u a d m i r e , w r i t e d o w n t h e h a b i t s a n d q u a l i t i e s , o r a n y t h i n g e l s e a b o u t t h i s p e r s o n . If y o u o b s e r v e s o m e t h i n g t h a t i s d o n e w i t h e x c e l l e n c e , or h i g h q u a l i t y , b e i t a p r o d u c t or a s e r v i c e , w r i t e i t d o w n . Fill y o u r n o t e b o o k w i t h l e s s o n s l e a r n e d , conclusions you have reached, resolutions you have made, goals you have established, observations you have made, and just anything that will help you fix your t h o u g h t s around success.

A В C D E F G H

Start a blog.

S o m e of y o u r t h o u g h t s a n d i d e a s a r e r a t h e r s t a b l e a n d p e r m a n e n t i n n a t u r e .

Success is in your mind.

Care a b o u t t h e o t h e r s .

Do s o m e t h i n g useful.

Take time to think.

G e t i n t o t h e h a b i t of w r i t i n g .

H o w e v e r , t h e r e are t h o u g h t s a n d i d e a s w h i c h are u s u a l l y t e m p o r a r y .

Task 2 Read the text below. For questions (6—10) c h o o s e the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

J . K. R o w l i n g i s t h e p e n - n a m e s h e u s e s a s a w r i t e r . T h e J i s f o r J o a n n e , h e r real f i r s t n a m e , b u t s h e p r e f e r s t o b e c a l l e d J o . A p p a r e n t l y , p e o p l e o n l y call h e r J o a n n e w h e n t h e y ' r e a n g r y w i t h h e r . T h e K is made up. Her publisher asked her to write using a name w i t h t w o initials, but she didn't have a middle name.

J o d i d a f e w d i f f e r e n t t h i n g s b e f o r e s h e s t r u c k u p o n t h e i d e a of w r i t i n g c h i l d r e n ' s b o o k s . S h e w o r k e d as a r e s e a r c h e r a n d a b i l i n g u a l s e c r e t a r y f o r A m n e s t y I n t e r n a t i o n a l a n d a s a n E n g l i s h t e a c h e r in Portugal.

The idea for the Harry Potter novels came from nowhere while she w a s on a train to London. She s a i d , «The c h a r a c t e r s a n d s i t u a t i o n s c a m e f l o o d i n g i n t o m y h e a d » .

S e v e n P o t t e r n o v e l s l a t e r — a n d R o w l i n g i s o n e of t h e r i c h e s t w o m e n i n t h e w o r l d . I n f a c t , s h e i s the first novelist ever to become a billionaire from writing. Her rags-to-riches story is a fantasy story in itself. She was on g o v e r n m e n t handouts while writing her first novel. Her last four books broke records for the fastest sellers in literary history.

T o d a y s h e d e v o t e s m u c h of h e r t i m e t o m a n y c h a r i t a b l e p r o j e c t s . S h e f a m o u s l y d e m a n d e d t h a t Coca-Cola d o n a t e $ 1 8 m i l l i o n t o t h e R e a d i n g i s F u n d a m e n t a l c h a r i t y if i t w a n t e d a t i e - u p w i t h t h e Potter movies.

T h e f u t u r e ? I n M a r c h 2 0 0 8 , s h e s a i d : «I w i l l c o n t i n u e w r i t i n g f o r c h i l d r e n b e c a u s e t h a t ' s w h a t Ienjoy».

6

W h a t is the best title for this text?

A J . K. R o w l i n g : t h e A u t h o r of H a r r y P o t t e r N o v e l s . В J. K. Rowling: the Richest W o m a n in the World.

C J . K. R o w l i n g : t h e E a r l y Y e a r s .

D Harry Potter: the Famous Character.

7

J. A В C D

8

W h a t j o b s d i d J . K. R o w l i n g d o b e f o r e s h e s t a r t e d w r i t i n g c h i l d r e n ' s b o o k s ?

A S h e w o r k e d a s a r e s e a r c h e r , a b i l i n g u a l s e c r e t a r y a n d a t e a c h e r of P o r t u g u e s e . В S h e w o r k e d a s a r e s e a r c h e r , a w r i t e r a n d a t e a c h e r of E n g l i s h .

C S h e w o r k e d a s a b i l i n g u a l s e c r e t a r y , a r e s e a r c h e r a n d a t e a c h e r of E n g l i s h .

D She worked as a publisher, a bilingual secretary and an English teacher.

9

Joanne Rowling made up the Harry Potter character when A she was in London. В she was on a bus to London.

C she was going from London by train.

D she was going to London by train.

K. R o w l i n g i s t h e real n a m e of t h e w r i t e r . i s t h e p e n - n a m e of t h e w r i t e r . stands for Joanne Katherine Rowling. is the pen-name which Joanne doesn't like very much.

10 J o a n n e R o w l i n g i s t h e f i r s t n o v e l i s t e v e r A to become very rich by writing. В to become so famous by writing.

C to write popular fantasy novels.

D t o be w e l l - k n o w n a l l o v e r t h e w o r l d .

..—

„

„.

.

Task 3 •

1

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (11 — 15). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

WANTED...

(11) Salespeople — nationwide Full training g i v e n .

Initial 2 m o n t h contract w i t h possible full time contract.

Must be target orientated.

Full driving licence.

E m a i l CV t o b p m s a l e s @ v i r g i n . n e t (12) A u P a i r n e e d e d Friendly family offers position caring for 2 small children.

Some light housework.

G o o d r a t e of p a y .

Live in.

Tel: M r s A R i c h a r d s 0 2 0 0 5 6 2 7 8

(13) Medical S e c r e t a r i e s a n d R e c e p t i o n i s t s W e h a v e a r a n g e of i n t e r e s t i n g t e m p o r a r y a p p o i n t m e n t s i n C e n t r a l L o n d o n f o r m e d i c a l s e c r e t a r ­ ies and GP receptionists.

Good rates of pay.

For m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n call: 0 2 0 7 4 5 8 2 0 (14) A c c o u n t a n t F o r w a r d - t h i n k i n g local p r o f e s s i o n a l p a r t n e r s h i p s e e k s a m b i t i o u s a c c o u n t a n t f o r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of d a y - t o - d a y o p e r a t i o n o f d e m a n d i n g a c c o u n t s d e p a r t m e n t . P r e v i o u s e x p e r i e n c e w i t h i n p r o f e s ­ sional e n v i r o n m e n t essential i.e. solicitors, surveyors, doctors e t c . Excellent benefits. Contact: S a n d r i n e Le B a r v i n e . T e l : 0 2 0 3 1 2 0 4 2 (15) D a t a Processor required P o r t u g u e s e s p e a k i n g graduate required i m m e d i a t e l y to work i n t h e s o u t h w e s t England office of a l a r g e m u l t i - n a t i o n a l c o m p a n y . J o b i n v o l v e s t h e c o l l e c t i o n , p r o c e s s i n g a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n of d a t a a b o u t f i n a n c i a l m a r k e t s . F l u e n t s p o k e n a n d w r i t t e n E n g l i s h e s s e n t i a l . E m a i l y o u r CV t o o u r c o n ­ s u l t a n t s at Linguajobs Ltd. Email: linguajobs@recruit.com

A t t h i s job you A

have to work part-time.

В

will be offered an initial contract for t w o months.

C

need to be an experienced specialist.

D

cook f o o d .

E

work at a medical office.

F

need to have medical education.

G

have to speak both English and Portuguese.

/•

s h o u l d b e able t o l o o k a f t e r s m a l l c h i l d r e n .

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the o n e which best fits each s p a c e (16—21). There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

FAMOUS TEENS IN HISTORY I t ' s an a d u l t s ' w o r l d . T h e y m a k e t h e d e c i s i o n s , c r e a t e t h e l a w s , m a k e m o n e y , a n d h a v e all of t h e f r e e d o m s , b u t t h a t h a s n ' t a l w a y s b e e n t h e c a s e . W e ' r e t a k i n g a look b a c k t h r o u g h h i s t o r y t o d i s c o v e r t h e m o s t p o w e r f u l , i n f l u e n t i a l , a n d i m p o r t a n t t e e n a g e r s of all t i m e !

Alexander the Great A l e x a n d e r t h e G r e a t w a s o n e of t h e m o s t s u c c e s s f u l ( 1 6 ) . H e w a s b e s t f a m o u s f o r con­ q u e r i n g a l m o s t all of t h e w o r l d k n o w n t o t h e a n c i e n t G r e e k s i n c l u d i n g S y r i a , p a r t of I n d i a , E g y p t , a n d w a y m o r e a r o u n d 3 0 0 B C . A l e x a n d e r w a s t h e s o n of K i n g P h i l i p II of M a c e d o n i a . B y t h e t i m e (17)

Alexander had founded his first colony and named it Alexandroupolis.

Pope J o h n XII W h i l e m o d e r n - d a y P o p e s are w e l l - k n o w n f o r b e i n g o l d i e s , J o h n X I I w a s o n l y 1 8 w h e n h i s papa­ c y b e g a n i n t h e y e a r 9 5 5 . U n f o r t u n a t e l y , P o p e J o h n X I I w a s k n o w n for b e i n g q u i t e i m m o r a l a n d (18)

t o t h e p a p a c y . It i s r u m o u r e d t h a t h e w a s k i l l e d b y t h e h u s b a n d of a w o m a n h e w a s h a v ­

i n g an a f f a i r w i t h .

Mary Shelley Mary Shelley is the acclaimed British author (19)

i n 1 8 1 8 w h e n s h e w a s o n l y 1 9 y e a r s old!

T h e b o o k w a s f i r s t p u b l i s h e d a n o n y m o u s l y a n d i t w a s g e n e r a l l y a s s u m e d t o be w r i t t e n b y h e r h u s b a n d , P e r c y B y s s h e S h e l l e y , u n t i l i t w a s p u b l i s h e d u n d e r h e r o w n n a m e in 1 8 3 1 .

J o a n of A r c It w a s n ' t e a s y b e i n g a g i r l i n t h e 1 4 0 0 s , b u t J o a n of A r c d i d n ' t l e t t h a t s t o p h e r f r o m b e c o m i n g a national heroine i n France (and, later, a saint). J o a n was a peasant girl w h o led the French army to several important v i c t o r i e s during the Hundred Years' W a r after claiming to h a v e v i s i o n s from God. She was later captured by the E n g l i s h and e x e c u t e d for heresy, (20)

. A b o u t 5 0 0 years later

she was made a saint by Pope Benedict XV.

King Tutankhamun K i n g T u t a n k h a m u n ( p o p u l a r l y r e f e r r e d t o a s K i n g T u t ) w a s an E g y p t i a n p h a r a o h b e t w e e n 1 3 3 3 BC — 1 3 2 4 B C . ( 2 1 )

K i n g T u t w a s o n l y e i g h t or n i n e y e a r s o l d w h e n h e b e c a m e a p h a r a o h

a n d d i e d b e f o r e h e w a s 1 9 . H i s t o m b i n t h e V a l l e y of t h e K i n g s i s t h e m o s t c o m p l e t e a n c i e n t E g y p t i a n tomb ever found.

A who completed the 11,000-mile journey В

A t key points along the way

C D

who wrote It's thought

E

military commanders in history

Frankenstein

F generally brought shame G t h a t all b e f o r e t h e a g e of 2 0 H he w a s 16

Task 5

Read the text below. For questions (22—33) c h o o s e the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on t h e s e p a r a t e a n s w e r s h e e t .

DAVID BECKHAM David Beckham is a n English footballer who h a s (22) Madrid,

(23)

for Manchester

r e p r e s e n t i n g his c o u n t r y 100 t i m e s . He moved to Los Angeles

United

and

Galaxy

Real

in 2007

to increase t h e profile of football in A m e r i c a . He m a r r i e d «Spice Girl* Victoria Beckham and h a s become a worldwide (24) Beckham was (25) (26)

, an a d v e r t i s i n g b r a n d a n d a fashion icon. i n London in 1975. His p a r e n t s were fanatical Manchester

. His t a l e n t was obvious from a n early (27)

United

a n d he signed w i t h

on h i s f o u r t e e n t h b i r t h d a y . He helped t h e y o u t h (28)

United Manchester

to win several trophies a n d

m a d e his first t e a m d e b u t in 1995. He helped his t e a m to (29) eleven seasons w i t h t h e m .

considerable success in his

Beckham h a s been r u n n e r - u p twice as world football's best player. He (30) many trophies w i t h Manchester United, i n c l u d i n g t h e Champions League, a n d won a league t i t l e w i t h Real Madrid.

He also captained h i s club a n d c o u n t r y . H e was famously sent off in a m a t c h a g a i n s t A r g e n t i n a in t h e 1998 W o r l d Cup. In 2 0 0 3 , Beckham (31) Queen.

an h o n o u r for services to football from B r i t a i n ' s

Beckham h a s m a n y i n t e r e s t s off t h e soccer pitch and is r a r e l y (32) . of t h e headlines, especially concerning h i s m a r r i a g e a n d children. He h a s established football academies in Los Angeles and London. In 2006 he was (33) a j u d g e for t h e B r i t i s h Book A w a r d s . He lives near Tom Cruise and t h e two a r e best f r i e n d s . Beckham is also a U n i t e d N a t i o n s Goodwill A m b a s s a d o r .

A

В

C

D

22

stayed

played

won

lost

23

as well as

in order to

as soon as

hardly ever

24

fame

celebrated

outstanding

celebrity

25

born

come

birthday

bear

26

devoted

sponsors

supporters

enthusiastic

27

epoch

era

age

period

28

team

class

game

band

29

took

ran

achieve

realise

30

came first

prevailed

lost

won

31

collected

granted

gave

received

32

on

at

out

in

33

named

labelled

told

identified

T a s k 6 -~ Read the text below. For questions (34—45) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

T h e b a n d g o t t o g e t h e r i n D u b l i n , I r e l a n d , i n 1 9 7 6 . A t t h e (34) ___ t o h a v e h i t s i n t h e U K a n d A m e r i c a . T h e y (35)

of t h e 1 9 8 0 s t h e y s t a r t e d

in the Live A i d concert in 1 9 8 5 , and after that

t h e y w e r e i n t e r n a t i o n a l s u p e r s t a r s . T h e i r a l b u m The Joshua

Tree, c a m e o u t i n 1 9 8 7 , a n d i t s p e n t n i n e

w e e k s at t h e t o p of t h e A m e r i c a n c h a r t s . In B r i t a i n t h e y s o l d 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 c o p i e s i n t w o d a y s . A y e a r l a t e r t h e a l b u m Rattle (37)

and Hum

(36)

t h e s a m e s u c c e s s . In t h e e a r l y 1 9 9 0 s t h e y m a d e a s e r i e s of

a n d o r i g i n a l C D s i n c l u d i n g Zooropa

a n d Achtung

Baby — a n d c o n t i n u e d t o s e l l m i l l i o n s

of copies.

Is t h e i r m u s i c I r i s h ? N o t r e a l l y . B o n o i s (38)

by Irish folk songs, but the band hasn't got

a n I r i s h s o u n d . It i s s o m e t i m e s A m e r i c a n , s o m e t i m e s B r i t i s h , s o m e t i m e s p u r e « U 2 » .

But

«U2»

are r a t h e r (39)

f r o m o t h e r b i g rock b a n d s . (40)

______

one

thing,

t h r e e of t h e m are C h r i s t i a n s — a n d s o m e t i m e s t h e i r c o n c e r t s h a v e a C h r i s t i a n

atmosphere.

Bono

comfortable

says:

(41)

«We

are

Christians.

But

it's

a very

private

thing.

We

are

not

about i t » .

A l s o , t h e y t a l k a b o u t s e r i o u s p r o b l e m s . T h e y are g r e a t (42)

of A m n e s t y I n t e r n a t i o n a l a n d

Greenpeace.

T h e g r o u p i s w e l l - k n o w n f o r (43)

political songs. Their m e s s a g e is peace and understand­

i n g . E v e n t h e n a m e of t h e b a n d i s (44) «you too».

t h i s m e s s a g e w i t h o t h e r s : « U 2 » a l s o (45)

A

В

C

D

34

begin

beginner

begun

beginning

35

appear

appeared

appearing

appears

36

have

had

has

to have

37

interesting

interest

interested

interests

38

fascinate

fascinating

fascinated

is fascinated

39

different

difference

differ

differentiate

40

On

For

With

In

41

talking

to talking

talked

told

42

support

supporting

supporter

supporters

43

her

his

it

its

44

share

sharing

shared

have shared

45

mean

means

meaning

have meant

46

Writing Todd Green has received a letter from Mr F l e m i n g , asking for a reference for Miss Collins who w o r k e d f o r Mr G r e e n ' s c o m p a n y f o r t w o y e a r s . S h e l e f t w h e n s h e m o v e d h o u s e , a n d s h e h a s n o w a p p l i e d f o r a job i n Mr F l e m i n g ' s c o m p a n y . Look at t h e n o t e s T o d d G r e e n h a s m a d e , t h e n w r i t e h i s l e t t e r t o Mr F l e m i n g , u s i n g t h e p l a n b e l o w (at l e a s t 1 0 0 w o r d s ) .

Full name: Patricia Collins Age: 27 Work experience: w o r k e d a s a n o f f i c e m a n a g e r — t w o y e a r s — r o s e t o p o s i t i o n of a d e p a r t m e n t manager Qualities: • hardworking — often worked overtime • responsible — always worked well • fast learner — quick to learn • polite and helpful • h o w e v e r , s t u b b o r n at t i m e s

PLAN Introduction Para

1:

S a l u t a t i o n a n d r e a s o n s f o r w r i t i n g , t h e p e r s o n ' s n a m e , a g e , p o s i t i o n i n c o m p a n y , reasons for leaving.

M a i n body Para Para

2: 3:

Character, qualities.

General c o m m e n t s about the person.

Conclusion Para

4:

C l o s i n g r e m a r k s ; p o l i t e e n d i n g (Sincerely

yours/Faithfully

yours/etc);

your signature.

Reading _—

—

T a s k

і — —

—

—

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (1—5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

ELEMENTS OF A N EFFECTIVE SPEECH «Half t h e w o r l d i s c o m p o s e d of p e o p l e w h o h a v e s o m e t h i n g t o s a y a n d c a n ' t ; t h e o t h e r h a l f h a v e nothing to say and keep saying it».

A n y o n e c a n g i v e a s p e e c h . N o t e v e r y o n e c a n g i v e a n e f f e c t i v e s p e e c h . T o g i v e an e f f e c t i v e s p e e c h there are 5 elements y o u should consider.

(1) T h i s e l e m e n t i s t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t of all. H p w m a n y t i m e s d o y o u p r a c t i s e y o u r s p e e c h ? A s a g e n ­ eral r u l e , y o u s h o u l d s p e n d a b o u t 3 0 h o u r s of p r e p a r a t i o n a n d r e h e a r s a l t i m e f o r e v e r y h o u r y o u w i l l b e s p e a k i n g . U s e a t a p e r e c o r d e r or v i d e o t a p e y o u r s e l f . T h i s w i l l h e l p y o u t o g e t a n a c c u r a t e p i c t u r e of h o w y o u s p e a k .

(2) Use personal examples and stories in to emphasize or support your point. your personal and professional life to b y s h a r i n g s o m e of y o u r s e l f w i t h t h e

your speech whenever possible. Make sure your stories help The stories must match your message. Use examples from m a k e y o u r p o i n t . In e i t h e r c a s e b e w i l l i n g t o g i v e of y o u r s e l f audience.

(3) D o n ' t t r y t o be a s t a n d - u p c o m e d i a n . U s e j o k i n g b y p o k i n g f u n a t y o u r s e l f a n d s o m e t h i n g y o u s a i d or d i d . B e s u r e N O T t o m a k e f u n of a n y o n e i n t h e a u d i e n c e . P e o p l e w i l l l a u g h w i t h y o u w h e n y o u poke f u n at yourself but don't overdo it.

(4) D u r i n g t h e p r a c t i c e of y o u r s p e e c h look f o r o c c a s i o n s w h e r e y o u c a n u s e a g e s t u r e . E s t a b l i s h t h r e e positions where y o u will stand and practise not only how to m o v e to t h e m but where in your speech y o u do m o v i n g . P i c k t h r e e p o s i t i o n s , o n e o n c e n t r e s t a g e , o n e t o y o u r r i g h t , a n d o n e t o y o u r l e f t .

Do not hide behind t h e lectern. W h e n y o u do m o v e , m a i n t a i n eye contact w i t h the audience.

(5) Make sure y o u h a v e the right location (assembly hall, classroom or conference room). Make sure y o u k n o w h o w t o g e t t o w h e r e y o u a r e s p e a k i n g . A s k h o w l a r g e t h e a u d i e n c e i s y o u w i l l be s p e a k i n g t o . M a k e s u r e y o u b r i n g all y o u r v i s u a l a i d s a n d p l e n t y o f h a n d o u t s . A r r i v e e a r l y s o y o u c a n c h e c k o u t w h e r e y o u w i l l be s p e a k i n g a n d m a k e a n y l a s t m i n u t e a d j u s t m e n t s .

It i s v e r y i m p o r t a n t t h a t y o u p a y a t t e n t i o n t o e v e n t h e s m a l l e s t d e t a i l s . Y o u c a n n e v e r o v e r p l a n .

Remember, «Не who fails to plan is planning for failure*.

A В C D E F G H

Focus on Your Message and Not the Audience G i v e of Y o u r s e l f Use Natural Humour Pay Attention to All Details Use Gestures, Including Walking Patterns Stay Relaxed Plan Your Body & Hand Positions Be Prepared

„ Task 2 R e a d t h e text below. For q u e s t i o n s ( 6 — 1 0 ) c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r (А, В, C or D). Write your a n s w e r s on the separate answer sheet.

THE GLASTONBURY FESTIVAL T h e G l a s t o n b u r y F e s t i v a l of C o n t e m p o r a r y P e r f o r m i n g A r t s , c o m m o n l y a b b r e v i a t e d t o G l a s t o n ­ b u r y or e v e n G l a s t o , i s a p e r f o r m i n g a r t s f e s t i v a l t h a t t a k e s p l a c e n e a r P i l t o n , S o m e r s e t , E n g l a n d , best k n o w n for i t s contemporary m u s i c , but also for dance, comedy, theatre, circus, cabaret and other arts.

The festival organiser Michael Eavis, a farmer in a S o m e r s e t valley, stated t h a t he decided to host t h e f i r s t f e s t i v a l , t h e n c a l l e d P i l t o n F e s t i v a l , a f t e r s e e i n g an o p e n a i r «Led Z e p p e l i n » c o n c e r t at t h e B a t h F e s t i v a l of B l u e s a n d P r o g r e s s i v e M u s i c 1 9 7 0 . T h e f i r s t f e s t i v a l s i n t h e 1 9 7 0 s w e r e i n f l u e n c e d by hippie ethics and the free festival movement. After the 1 9 7 0 s the festival took place almost every y e a r a n d g r e w i n s i z e , w i t h t h e n u m b e r of a t t e n d e e s s o m e t i m e s b e i n g s w o l l e n b y g a t e - c r a s h e r s . Lead­ i n g p o p a n d rock a r t i s t s h a v e a p p e a r e d as h e a d l i n e a c t s w i t h t h o u s a n d s of o t h e r s a p p e a r i n g o n s m a l l e r s t a g e s and performance areas. The festival has also spawned films and albums and is reported exten­ sively on television and in newspapers.

A t p r e s e n t t h e G l a s t o n b u r y F e s t i v a l of C o n t e m p o r a r y P e r f o r m i n g A r t s i s p r o b a b l y t h e m o s t e x c i t ­ i n g m u s i c f e s t i n E n g l a n d w h i c h i s p o p u l a r w i t h t h e p e o p l e of d i f f e r e n t a g e s . It i s a l s o w o r l d r e n o w n e d for h a v i n g stellar performers: the past ten years have seen s u c h artists as Paul McCartney, «R.E.M.», R o d S t e w a r t , L i l y A l l e n , J o h n M a y e r , «The W h o » , « C o l d p l a y » , a n d D a v i d B o w i e , s o t h e G l a s t o n b u r y F e s t i v a l i s an u n b e l i e v a b l e c e l e b r a t i o n of m u s i c , a r t a n d c u l t u r e .

W i t h t h e t o t a l a r e a c o v e r i n g a b o u t g o o d n i n e s q u a r e m i l e s of l a n d o n t h e W o r t h y F a r m i n s o u t h ­ w e s t E n g l a n d , t h e r e i s s o m u c h m o r e t o s e e a n d e x p e r i e n c e t h a n j u s t t h e m u s i c . T h e r e are t h e a t r e a c t s , a circus, cabaret performers, shopping, crafts, comedy troupes, dancers, and so m u c h more.

A s t h i s i s a m u s i c f e s t , d o n o t e x p e c t y o u r s p o t t o be q u i e t , or i s o l a t e d . T h i s i s a p l a c e w h e r e y o u n e e d an o p e n h e a r t a n d a n o p e n m i n d b e c a u s e y o u r c a m p i n g n e i g h b o u r s w i l l s o o n b e c o m e y o u r n e w b e s t f r i e n d s . S p e a k i n g of b e s t f r i e n d s , y o u r d o g g i e s , k i t t i e s , b i r d i e s , a n d o t h e r p e t s are n o t p e r m i t t e d at G l a s t o n b u r y s o a r r a n g e f o r t h e m t o be c a r e d f o r w h i l e y o u are g o n e ; o t h e r w i s e t h e y w i l l be s e i z e d a n d h e l d off s i t e at y o u r e x p e n s e .

G l a s t o n b u r y F e s t i v a l d o e s w e l c o m e c h i l d r e n , a n d t h e r e i s p l e n t y f o r t h e m t o d o . S o , be p r e p a r e d f o r f i v e s p e c t a c u l a r d a y s of m u s i c , d a n c i n g , r e v e l r y , a n d f u n , w h i c h m a y b e c o m e o n e of t h e m o s t m e m o r a b l e e x p e r i e n c e s of y o u r life!

6

A c c o r d i n g t o t h e t e x t , w h i c h of t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s t r u e ?

A T h e o r g a n i z e r of t h e f i r s t G l a s t o n b u r y F e s t i v a l w a s M i c h a e l E a v i s , a f a m o u s s i n g e r . В T h e G l a s t o n b u r y F e s t i v a l u s e d t o be c a l l e d P i l t o n F e s t i v a l .

C The first festivals in the 1 9 7 0 s were influenced by hip-hop culture.

D There has always been v e r y little information about the festival in mass media.

7

The Glastonbury Festival A invites world-famous stars. В is a classical music fest.

C i s an e v e n t o n l y f o r a d u l t s .

D t a k e s p l a c e i n t h e e a s t of E n g l a n d .

8

From the text we can say that the place where the festival is held A is very peaceful. В t a k e s a n a r e a of a b o u t n i n e s q u a r e m i l e s .

C is located in a town.

D is in the country.

9

At A В C D

10 It A В C D

Glastonbury pets are welcome. c a n be s e i z e d a n d h e l d o f f s i t e a t y o u r e x p e n s e . c a n be l o o k e d a f t e r f o r a d d i t i o n a l f e e . are n o t f o r b i d d e n .

c a n be i n f e r r e d f r o m t h e t e x t t h a t G l a s t o n b u r y F e s t i v a l does not offer any activities for children. occupies a large concert hall. lasts for five days. is best for those w h o are interested in fine arts.

— - — — — - — —

—

—

—

—

—

—

Task 3 — — —

•—

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (11—15). There are three choices you do not need to u s e .

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

FAMOUS BUILDINGS A N D STRUCTURES: PREHISTORICAL A N D ANCIENT

(11) T h e P a n t h e o n a t R o m e T h e P a n t h e o n a t R o m e , b e g u n b y A g r i p p a i n 2 7 B . C . a s a t e m p l e , w a s r e b u i l t i n i t s p r e s e n t cir­ c u l a r f o r m b y H a d r i a n ( A . D . 1 1 8 — 1 2 8 ) . L i t e r a l l y , t h e P a n t h e o n w a s i n t e n d e d as a t e m p l e of «all t h e g o d s » . It i s r e m a r k a b l e f o r i t s p e r f e c t p r e s e r v a t i o n t o d a y , a n d h a s s e r v e d c o n t i n u o u s l y f o r 2 0 c e n t u r i e s a s a p l a c e of w o r s h i p .

(12)

Stonehenge Stonehenge, a massive circular megalithic monument on the Salisbury Plain in southern England, i s t h e m o s t f a m o u s of all p r e h i s t o r i c s t r u c t u r e s . T h o u g h t t o h a v e b e e n b u i l t i n 2 0 0 0 B . C . , i t m a y have been used as an astronomical i n s t r u m e n t to measure solar and lunar m o v e m e n t s .

(13) T h e P a r t h e n o n o f G r e e c e T h e P a r t h e n o n of G r e e c e , b u i l t o n t h e A c r o p o l i s i n A t h e n s , w a s t h e c h i e f t e m p l e t o t h e g o d d e s s A t h e n a . It w a s b e l i e v e d t o h a v e b e e n c o m p l e t e d b y 4 3 8 B . C . T h e p r e s e n t t e m p l e r e m a i n e d i n t a c t u n t i l t h e 5 t h c e n t u r y A . D . T o d a y , t h o u g h t h e P a r t h e n o n i s i n r u i n s , i t s m a j e s t i c p r o p o r t i o n s are still discernible.

(14) T h e C o l o s s e u m of R o m e T h e C o l o s s e u m of R o m e , t h e l a r g e s t a n d m o s t f a m o u s of t h e R o m a n a m p h i t h e a t e r s , w a s o p e n e d for u s e i n 8 0 A . D . E l l i p t i c a l i n s h a p e , i t c o n s i s t e d of t h r e e s t o r i e s a n d a n u p p e r g a l l e r y , r e b u i l t i n s t o n e i n i t s p r e s e n t f o r m i n t h e 3 r d c e n t u r y A . D . It w a s p r i n c i p a l l y u s e d f o r g l a d i a t o r i a l c o m b a t and could seat between 4 0 , 0 0 0 and 5 0 , 0 0 0 spectators.

(15) T h e G r e a t S p h i n x of E g y p t T h e G r e a t S p h i n x of E g y p t , o n e of t h e w o n d e r s of a n c i e n t E g y p t i a n a r c h i t e c t u r e , a d j o i n s t h e p y r a ­ m i d s of G i z a a n d h a s a l e n g t h of 2 4 0 f t . B u i l t i n t h e f o u r t h d y n a s t y , i t i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 4 , 5 0 0 years old. A 10-year, $ 2 . 5 million restoration project was completed in 1 9 9 8 . Other Egyptian b u i l d i n g s of n o t e i n c l u d e t h e T e m p l e s of K a r n a k , E d f u , a n d A b u S i m b e l a n d t h e T o m b s a t B e n i Hassan.

This famous building A served as a place for gladiatorial contests. В h a s b e e n t h e p l a c e of w o r s h i p f o r m a n y c e n t u r i e s .

C is a well-known stone circle.

D used to have two upper galleries.

E was built to commemorate major military victories.

F was rediscovered in the 17th century.

G h a d b e e n r e s t o r e d b y t h e e n d of t h e 2 n d m i l l e n i u m A . D .

H h a s b e e n d e s t r o y e d , h o w e v e r i t s m a g n i f i c e n t p r o p o r t i o n s are s t i l l e v i d e n t .

R e a d t h e text below. C h o o s e from (A—H) t h e o n e which b e s t fits e a c h s p a c e ( 1 6 — 2 1 ) . There are t w o c h o i c e s y o u d o not n e e d t o u s e . Write your a n s w e r s o n t h e s e p a r a t e a n s w e r s h e e t .

W H A T A R E T H E H O P E S OF I N T E R N A T I O N A L S T U D E N T S ?

E v e r y y e a r , t h o u s a n d s of i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t u d e n t s c o n s i d e r s t u d y i n g a b r o a d ( 1 6 ) , with the h o p e of b e t t e r e d u c a t i o n a l a n d w o r k o p p o r t u n i t i e s i n f u t u r e . H o w e v e r , n o m a t t e r w h e t h e r y o u are l o o k i n g f o r o n l i n e a s s o c i a t e d e g r e e s , a n M B A , or l a n g u a g e c o u r s e s , o b t a i n i n g a u n i v e r s i t y e d u c a t i o n requires (17) t o m a k e s u r e t h e e x p e r i e n c e i s r i g h t for y o u .

W i l l i n g to improve y o u r l a n g u a g e skills, but y o u don't have t i m e to go overseas to attend school?

M o r e and m o r e u n i v e r s i t i e s a r o u n d t h e w o r l d are o f f e r i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s for s t u d e n t s t o o b t a i n de­ g r e e s o n l i n e ( d i s t a n c e e d u c a t i o n ) f r o m t h e c o m f o r t of t h e i r o w n h o m e s , a n d m a n y of t h e s e i n s t i t u ­ t i o n s are a c c r e d i t e d , m e a n i n g (18) .

If y o u d e c i d e t o t a k e l a n g u a g e c o u r s e s o n l i n e (or a n y s u b j e c t f o r t h a t m a t t e r ) , b e s u r e t o e v a l u a t e t h e b e n e f i t s of s t u d y i n g o n l i n e (19) . T h e a d v a n t a g e s of s t u d y i n g o n l i n e are t h a t t h e c o s t s are u s u a l l y l o w e r , y o u c a n s t u d y at y o u r o w n p a c e , a n d y o u h a v e a c c e s s t o t h e m a t e r i a l s 2 4 - h o u r s - a - d a y (20) i n t h e w o r l d . H o w e v e r , y o u w o n ' t g e t t h e h u m a n i n t e r a c t i o n of m e e t i n g p e o p l e f a c e t o f a c e l i k e y o u w o u l d if y o u w e r e p h y s i c a l l y a t t e n d i n g a s c h o o l o v e r s e a s .

On t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e a d v a n t a g e s of g o i n g o v e r s e a s m a y i n c l u d e d a y - t o - d a y o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o l e a r n a n e w c u l t u r e , m e e t n e w f r i e n d s (21) , arid c h a n c e s t o s e e d i f f e r e n t p a r t s of t h e w o r l d .

H o w e v e r , t h e r e m a y b e a n u m b e r of d i s a d v a n t a g e s for s o m e i n c l u d i n g e x p e n s e , t i m e a w a y f r o m o n e ' s s c h o o l , f a m i l y , or w o r k l i f e , a n d t h e c h a l l e n g e of a d a p t i n g t o a n e w c u l t u r e a n d w a y of l i f e .

Whatever you do, consider a distance education programme that meets your educational needs, is within your budget, and equally important, provides you with opportunities to grow beyond the classroom t h r o u g h cultural and educational activities.

A В C D E F G H

the ability to i n v e s t in new ideas reviewed and evaluated versus going abroad with w h o m you can use and practise the language from almost any computer careful planning and research to pursue a u n i v e r s i t y degree t h a t t h e y h a v e m e t c e r t a i n s t a n d a r d s of e x c e l l e n c e

R e a d t h e text below. For q u e s t i o n s ( 2 2 — 3 3 ) c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r (А, В, C or D). Write your a n s w e r s on the separate answer sheet.

Time m a g a z i n e h a s n a m e d M a r k Z u c k e r b e r g , t h e (22) t h e Y e a r 2 0 1 0 . Z u c k e r b e r g , 2 6 , i s t h e s e c o n d y o u n g e s t (23)

of F a c e b o o k , a s t h e i r P e r s o n of of t h e a w a r d . H e w o n t h e a w a r d

f o r c o n n e c t i n g 1 2 p e r c e n t of t h e p l a n e t o n h i s s o c i a l n e t w o r k i n g (24) . T h i s i s an i m p r e s s i v e s t a t i s t i c c o n s i d e r i n g t h e s i t e h a s y e t t o m a k e a n y i m p r e s s i o n i n C h i n a . Mr Z u c k e r b e r g s a i d o n h i s Facebook (25) : « B e i n g n a m e d as Time P e r s o n of t h e Y e a r i s a r e a l (26) and recogni­ t i o n o*f h o w o u r l i t t l e t e a m i s b u i l d i n g s o m e t h i n g t h a t h u n d r e d s of m i l l i o n s of p e o p l e w a n t t o u s e t o m a k e t h e w o r l d m o r e o p e n a n d c o n n e c t e d . I ' m h a p p y t o b e a p a r t of t h a t * . T h e y o u n g e n t r e p r e n e u r (27)

a q u a r t e r of t h e s h a r e s of F a c e b o o k a n d i s a m u l t i - b i l l i o n a i r e .

It w a s u n c e r t a i n f o r a (28)

w h o w o u l d w i n Time's

annual honour. Readers voting

i n t h e o n l i n e p o l l c h o s e t h e W i k i l e a k s f o u n d e r J u l i a n A s s a n g e a s t h e w i n n e r . (29) p a n e l i s t s c h o s e M a r k Z u c k e r b e r g . Time's (30)

,

Time

editor Richard Stengel explained t h e y chose Zuckerberg

h e w a s a m o r e p o s i t i v e f i g u r e t h a n A s s a n g e a n d b e c a u s e h e c h a n g e d « h o w w e all l i v e o u r

l i v e s i n w a y s t h a t a r e i n n o v a t i v e a n d e v e n o p t i m i s t i c * . H e w r o t e o n Time's

(31)

: « There is

a n e r o s i o n of t r u s t i n a u t h o r i t y , a d e c e n t r a l i z i n g of p o w e r a n d at t h e s a m e t i m e , p e r h a p s , a g r e a t e r f a i t h (32)

o n e a n o t h e r . . . » h e s a i d . Mr S t e n g e l c o n t i n u e d : « Z u c k e r b e r g s e e s t h e w o r l d a s f i l l e d

w i t h p o t e n t i a l f r i e n d s * . P e r h a p s o n l y t h e F a c e b o o k c r e a t o r h i m s e l f k n o w s h o w m u c h (33) can do.

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

he D

A

В

C

founder

creature

user

hacker

prize

winner

championship

supporter

site

PC

blog

web

paper

leaf

mail

page

honourable

honest

honoured

honour

sells

buys

owns

offers

time

while

when

whilst

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so

because

despite

rather

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hardware

website

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in

on

into

off

many

little

less

more

—

—

Task 6

—

—

—

—

R e a d t h e text b e l o w . For q u e s t i o n s (34—45) c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r (А, В, C or D). Write your a n s w e r s on t h e s e p a r a t e a n s w e r s h e e t .

THAT'S THE WHOLE POINT! One d a y C o l u m b u s w a s a t a d i n n e r w h i c h a S p a n i s h g e n t l e m a n (34) s e v e r a l p e r s o n s (35)

w h o w e r e j e a l o u s of t h e g r e a t (36)

c o n c e i t e d f e l l o w s , a n d t h e y v e r y s o o n (37) « Y o u (38) (39)

in his honour, and success. They were proud,

to try to make Columbus uncomfortable.

s t r a n g e l a n d s b e y o n d t h e s e a s * , ' t h e y s a i d , « b u t w h a t of t h a t ? W e d o n o t s e e t h e r e s h o u l d b e s o m u c h s a i d a b o u t i t . A n y b o d y c a n s a i l (40)

a n y b o d y c a n c o a s t a l o n g t h e i s l a n d s o n t h e o t h e r s i d e , j u s t a s y o u h a v e d o n e . It i s (41) in the world*.'

the ocean; and thing

C o l u m b u s (42) no answer; but after a while he took an e g g from a dish and said to the company: «Who among you, gentlemen, can make this egg stand on its end?* One b y o n e t h o s e a t t h e t a b l e t r i e d t h e e x p e r i m e n t . W h e n t h e e g g (43) entirely around a n d n o n e h a d s u c c e e d e d , e v e r y b o d y s a i d t h a t i t c o u l d n o t be d o n e .

T h e n C o l u m b u s t o o k t h e e g g a n d s t r u c k i t s s m a l l e n d g e n t l y u p o n t h e t a b l e s o as t o break t h e s h e l l a l i t t l e . A f t e r t h a t t h e r e w a s n o t r o u b l e i n (44)

it stand upright.

« G e n t l e m e n * , h e s a i d , « w h a t i s e a s i e r t h a n t o do t h i s w h i c h y o u s a i d w a s i m p o s s i b l e ? It i s t h e s i m ­ p l e s t t h i n g i n t h e w o r l d . A n y b o d y c a n d o i t , — a f t e r i t (45)

how!»

34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Đ?

Đ’

C

D

has given

had given

been given

had been given

are present

were present

was present

had been present

admiral's

admirals

admirals'

admiral

begin

to begin

has begun

began

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have discovered

had discovered

be discovered

when

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how

what

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simpler

simplest

the simplest

make

makes

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make

making

to make

made

have been shown

was shown

has been shown

had been shown

Writing 46

W h i l e s t a y i n g i n a b i g c i t y y o u v i s i t e d a n e x h i b i b i t i o n of s o m e f a m o u s a r t i s t . D e s c r i b e y o u r i m p r e s s i o n s i n a l e t t e r t o a f r i e n d (at l e a s t 1 0 0 w o r d s ) u s i n g t h e p l a n b e l o w .

PLAN Introduction Para

1:

Say w h e n and where the exhibition took place.

Main body Para Para

2: 3:

Tell s o m e i n t e r e s t i n g f a c t s f r o m t h e b i o g r a p h y of t h e a r t i s t .

D e s c r i b e y o u r i m p r e s s i o n s of t h e e x h i b i t i o n .

Conclusion Para

4:

S u m u p t h e p r o s a n d c o n s of t h e e x h i b i t i o n .

Reading —

Task 1

•

-—

•

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (1—5). There are three choices you don't need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

BRITISH CULTURE T h e c o n c e p t of c u l t u r e c a n b e d e f i n e d i n m a n y a s p e c t s l i k e h i s t o r y a n d l i t e r a t u r e , art g a l l e r i e s a n d m u s e u m s , f o o d o r m u s i c a n d e d u c a t i o n . I t ' s t h e w a y of l i f e of a g r o u p of p e o p l e . T h i s i n c l u d e s t h e ac­ c u m u l a t e d h a b i t s , a t t i t u d e s , b e l i e f s , c u s t o m s , a r t s , f o o d , d r e s s , e t c . T h e t o t a l s e t of l e a r n e d a c t i v i t i e s t h a t i d e n t i f y t h e m e m b e r s of a c u l t u r e g r o u p w h i l e a l s o d i s t i n g u i s h i n g t h o s e of a n o t h e r g r o u p .

(1) T h e r e are e s t i m a t e d 6 , 4 0 0 v i s i t o r a t t r a c t i o n s i n t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m . T h i s i n c l u d e s m u s e u m s a n d galleries like t h e N a t i o n a l Gallery and the British M u s e u m , historical h o u s e s and m o n u m e n t s like t h e T o w e r of L o n d o n a n d W i n d s o r C a s t l e , c h u r c h e s a n d c a t h e d r a l s l i k e S t P a u l ' s C a t h e d r a l a n d other tourist attractions like the London Eye.

(2) T h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m c o n t a i n s s o m e of t h e w o r l d ' s l e a d i n g s e a t s of h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n , s u c h as t h e u n i v e r s i t i e s o f O x f o r d a n d C a m b r i d g e , a l o n g w i t h I m p e r i a l C o l l e g e , L o n d o n S c h o o l of E c o n o m i c s a n d U n i v e r s i t y C o l l e g e of t h e U n i v e r s i t y of L o n d o n .

(3) T h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m h a s p l a y e d a s i g n i f i c a n t r o l e i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of s c i e n c e . It h a s p r o d u c e d i n n u m e r a b l e s c h o l a r s , s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s i n c l u d i n g S i r Isaac N e w t o n , B e r t r a n d R u s s e l l , A d a m S m i t h , J a m e s Clerk M a x w e l l . T h e n a t i o n i s c r e d i t e d w i t h n u m e r o u s s c i e n t i f i c d i s c o v e r i e s i n c l u d i n g h y d r o g e n , o x y g e n , g r a v i t y , t h e e l e c t r o n , t h e s t r u c t u r e of D N A , h u m a n e v o l u t i o n a n d natural selection and inventions including the chronometer, television, the modern bicycle, the e l e c t r o n i c c o m p u t e r a n d t h e l a t e r d e v e l o p m e n t of t h e W o r l d W i d e W e b .

(4) T h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m h a s b e e n i n f l u e n t i a l i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of c i n e m a . F a m o u s f i l m s i n c l u d e t h e Harry Potter, Star Wars a n d James Bond s e r i e s w h i c h , a l t h o u g h m a d e b y A m e r i c a n s t u d i o s , u s e d British source materials, locations, actors and filming crew.

(5) Notable composers from the United Kingdom have included Henry Purcell, Sir Edward Elgar, S i r A r t h u r S u l l i v a n . L o n d o n r e m a i n s o n e of t h e m a j o r c l a s s i c a l m u s i c c a p i t a l s of t h e w o r l d . T h e U K w a s , w i t h t h e U S , o n e of t h e t w o m a i n c o n t r i b u t o r s t o t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of rock m u s i c , a n d t h e U K h a s p r o v i d e d s o m e of t h e w o r l d ' s m o s t f a m o u s rock b a n d s i n c l u d i n g The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin a n d Pink Floyd.

A Attractions В Music C Drama D Science E Cinema F Literature G Sport H Education

Read the text below. For questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) c h o o s e the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

I N F O R M A T I O N SOCIETY Once u p o n a t i m e s o c i e t i e s w e r e o r g a n i s e d o n t h e b a s e of r e l i g i o n , f a r m i n g , t r a d e or i n d u s t r y . In m a n y p a r t s of t h e w o r l d t o d a y t h i s i s s t i l l t r u e , b u t s o m e t h i n g e l s e i s b e c o m i n g m o r e i m p o r t a n t — t h e e x c h a n g e of i n f o r m a t i o n , a n d t h e t e c h n o l o g i e s t h a t w e u s e t o d o t h i s . T w e n t y - f o u r - h o u r n e w s , e-comm e r c e , i n t e r n a t i o n a l c a l l - c e n t r e s , m o b i l e p h o n e s , Global P o s i t i o n i n g S y s t e m s ... all t h e s e are m a k i n g the world smaller and faster.

B u t h o w can everybody i n t h e world share t h e recent technological advances? Millions of people cannot read these words because t h e y d o n ' t h a v e access to a computer. They d o n ' t understand E n g l i s h either, t h e l a n g u a g e t h a t 8 0 % of t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i s w r i t t e n i n . They d o n ' t e v e n h a v e a telephone. T h e y are more wor­ ried about h o w far t h e y will h a v e to walk today t o g e t clean w a t e r or if t h e y can feed t h e m s e l v e s and their families. For m o s t people o n t h i s planet, information is not a priority.

The contrast b e t w e e n c o u n t r i e s t h a t h a v e information t e c h n o l o g y and t h o s e t h a t d o n ' t i s called t h e «digital divide*. Scandinavia and S o u t h East A s i a h a v e a h i g h number of people w h o u s e Information Communi­ cation Technologies (ICT). Central A f r i c a and t h e Pacific have almost none.

The U n i t e d N a t i o n s i s t r y i n g to m a k e the information society a reality for m o s t of t h e developing world.

T h i s organisation w a n t s t o see rich countries transfer n e w t e c h n o l o g y and k n o w l e d g e t o poorer nations.

Ten years f r o m n o w , t h e plan i s t h a t everybody i n the world will have a radio or t e l e v i s i o n and that 5 0 % of t h e world's population will h a v e access to t h e Internet f r o m schools and u n i v e r s i t i e s , h e a l t h centres and hospitals, libraries and m u s e u m s . T h i s will i m p r o v e medical care and education, science and agriculture, b u s i n e s s opportunities and e m p l o y m e n t . A t t h e s a m e t i m e , t h e y say, local c o m m u n i t i e s , languages and cul­ t u r e s will become stronger.

J u s t a dream? Certainly there are s o m e contradictions. D o e s only good c o m e w i t h freedom of informa­ tion? If i n f o r m a t i o n i s power, w h y will people share it? D o e s n ' t more t e c h n o l o g y m e a n fewer jobs? A n d h o w can t h e e x c h a n g e of i n f o r m a t i o n keep local cultures alive if m o s t of t h a t i n f o r m a t i o n e x i s t s only i n one language?

It i s m u c h easier t o g e t people connected to broadband or p u t g o v e r n m e n t online i n Europe t h a n i n S o u t h A m e r i c a or t h e Middle East. H o w e v e r , developing countries o f t e n leapfrog t h e process w h i c h richer n a t i o n s w e n t t h r o u g h , and avoid t h e i r m i s t a k e s . Brazil collects m o s t of i t s t a x e s online t h e s e d a y s . There are cyber cities i n Dubai and M a u r i t i u s . A n d Taiwan and H o n g K o n g h a v e better access to ICT t h a n t h e United King­ d o m . Maybe t h e E n g l i s h l a n g u a g e i s n ' t so important after all.

Can t h e world create a n i n f o r m a t i o n society for all? If a farmer i n B a n g l a d e s h can read this i n the year 2 0 1 5 , t h e n maybe t h e a n s w e r is «yes».

6

T h e m a i n i d e a of t h e t e x t i s t h a t A everybody in the world shares the recent technological advances. В t h e e x c h a n g e of i n f o r m a t i o n a n d t e c h n o l o g y d e v e l o p m e n t are e x t r e m e l y i m p o r t a n t f o r t o d a y ' s world.

C m a n y y e a r s a g o s o c i e t i e s d i d n ' t n e e d t h e e x c h a n g e of i n f o r m a t i o n .

D many people cannot read because they don't have access to a computer.

7

For m a n y p e o p l e i n d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s i n f o r m a t i o n i s n o t a p r i o r i t y b e c a u s e A they don't want to learn English. В t h e y t h i n k t h a t t h e u s e of a c o m p u t e r c a n h a v e b a d i n f l u e n c e o n t h e i r h e a l t h .

C they prefer face-to-face communication.

D they have so m a n y problems i n satisfying their physical needs that t h e y don't have t i m e to think about modern technologies.

8

The term «digital divide* is used to describe A the contrast between countries that have information technology and those that don't. В p e o p l e w h o p r i n c i p a l l y i g n o r e ICT, C t h e r e g u l a r u s e o f ICT. D any digital device.

9

The main reason w h y t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s wants t h e n e w technology to be spread in developing countries is to A let everybody in the world have access to the Internet. В improve t h e e x c h a n g e of information.

C m a k e local c o m m u n i t i e s , l a n g u a g e s a n d c u l t u r e s s t r o n g e r .

D provide t h e freedom of information i n every place of t h e world.

10 A c c o r d i n g t o t h e t e x t , o n e o f t h e c h a l l e n g e s of s p r e a d i n g t h e i n f o r m a t i o n a l t e c h n o l o g y i s t h a t A В C D

t h e spread of t e c h n o l o g y doesn't obviously m e a n t h e g r o w t h of w o r k i n g places. t h e local c u l t u r e s d o n ' t n e e d a n y s u p p o r t . everybody i n t h e world will have a radio or television. t h e f r e e d o m of i n f o r m a t i o n i s a u t o p i a .

—

Task 3

•

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (11—15). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

LONDON'S PARKS

(11) R e g e n t ' s P a r k B e c a u s e o f a n A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y n e a r b y t h i s park i s h o s t t o m a n y g a m e s of s o f tball a s w e l l a s f o o t b a l l a n d c r i c k e t . A b e a u t i f u l r o s e g a r d e n a n d s t u n n i n g t e r r a c e s of h o u s e s r o u n d t h e o u t s i d e .

L o n d o n Zoo i s a t t h e t o p o f t h e park a n d t h e r e ' s a n i c e p o n d .

(12) C o r a m ' s Fields P r o v i d e s a r a r e b i t o f g r e e n t o K i n g ' s C r o s s area. A n a d j o i n i n g c h i l d r e n ' s park h a s a n i m a l s a n d play areas.

(13) B a t t e r s e a P a r k This is a large splendid park, bordering t h e Thames, i t h a s a pagoda, a boating lake as well as a zoo that's popular with children.

(14) Hyde P a r k i s o n e o f t h e l a r g e s t p a r k s i n c e n t r a l L o n d o n a n d o n e o f t h e R o y a l P a r k s of L o n d o n , f a m o u s for i t s Speakers' Corner.

The park has become a traditional location for mass demonstrations.

For t h e 2 0 1 2 S u m m e r O l y m p i c s , t h e p a r k w i l l h o s t t h e t r i a t h l o n a n d t h e 1 0 k m o p e n w a t e r s w i m ­ ming events.

(15) B l a c k h e a t h a n d Greenwich P a r k A trip t o Greenwich should be part of every visitor's route. Greenwich Park, w i t h i t s deer park, rose garden and ancient trees, i s a Royal Park and attached to t h e Queen's House where Queen E l i z a b e t h g r e w u p . A g r e a t p l a c e f o r S u n d a y s , w h e n G r e e n w i c h m a r k e t i s i n f u l l s w i n g . T h e Old Royal Observatory i s at t h e top of t h e hill.

In t h i s p a r k A В C D E F G H

there are special areas for children to play. there's a b a t h i n g area. mass demonstrations traditionally take place. y o u ' l l f i n d T h e Old R o y a l O b s e r v a t o r y . you can take play different sports and games. there's a b a t h i n g area. you can go boating on a lake. rock f e s t i v a l s a r e u s u a l l y h e l d .

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best fits each s p a c e (16—21). There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

THE SILAS LAKE PARK T h e S i l a s Lake P a r k r e o p e n s t o d a y a f t e r b e i n g c l o s e d f o r s i x m o n t h s . T h e p a r k w a s c l o s e d b e c a u s e m u d and rock s l i d e s (16) , t h e o n l y a c c e s s i n t o t h e p a r k . « W e h a d t o r e m o v e t o n s of b o u l d e r s a n d r o c k s » , s a i d H u g h F o s t e r — t h e H e a d of t h e P a r k s a n d R e c r e a t i o n D e p a r t m e n t . « T h e n w e h a d to r e b u i l d a b r i d g e a n d r e c o n s t r u c t a l m o s t a m i l e of h i g h w a y . I ' m r e a l l y s u r p r i s e d w e g o t i t d o n e s o soon».

T h e park i s t h r e e m i l e s n o r t h of C o l f a x o n H i g h w a y 2 8 . C a m b r i d g e R o a d i s a t w o - l a n e w a y t h a t w i n d s u p w a r d t h r o u g h P e a r l C a n y o n b e f o r e i t f a l l s d o w n t o S i l a s L a k e , w h i c h h a s (17) . The l a r g e s t lake i n t h e c o u n t y , i t i s a l s o f a m o u s f o r b a s s . I n f a c t , t h e r e c o r d l a r g e m o u t h b a s s c a t c h i n Cali­ fornia occurred here in 1 9 7 5 . A 14-year-old boy caught a 19-pound bass.

The lake has t w o ramps for boaters, a full-service restaurant, a snack bar, a small tackle store, (18) . A s w i t h all c o u n t y p a r k s , n o a l c o h o l i s s o l d or p e r m i t t e d . M o r e t h a n 1 0 0 p i c n i c t a b l e s h a v e p r o t e c t i v e r o o f s a n d b i g b a r b e c u e p i t s . T h e r e are p u b l i c r e s t r o o m s w i t h f r e e s h o w e r f a c i l i t i e s , l o t s of t r a s h c a n s , a n d h i k i n g t r a i l s f o r n a t u r e l o v e r s . T h e w e s t s i d e of t h e park i n c l u d e s a s o f t b a l l f i e l d , a s o c c e r f i e l d , a n d t w o v o l l e y b a l l c o u r t s . H o r s e r i d i n g a n d k i t e - f l y i n g are (19)

In s u m ­

m e r , a d e s i g n a t e d s w i m m i n g area h a s a l i f e g u a r d o n d u t y s e v e n d a y s a w e e k .

T h e e n t r y f e e i s $ 1 0 p e r v e h i c l e a n d $ 1 0 p e r b o a t . R e s e r v a t i o n s are n o t a c c e p t e d . T h e p a r k i n g l o t h o l d s a b o u t 5 0 0 v e h i c l e s ; if i t i s f u l l , (20)

. Latecomers either leave or wait in line for some­

o n e t o l e a v e t h e p a r k i n g l o t . S o m e w e e k e n d s t h e r e are t h r e e d o z e n v e h i c l e s w a i t i n g i n l i n e o u t s i d e t h e g a t e . B e c a u s e of m a n y r e q u e s t s , p a r k o f f i c i a l s s o o n m i g h t s t a r t p e r m i t t i n g c a m p e r s (21) .

T h e park i s o p e n f r o m d a w n t o 1 0 p . m . d u r i n g s u m m e r . « W e p r o b a b l y a c c e p t h e r e i n a v e r a g e 2 , 0 0 0 p e o p l e e v e r y d a y d u r i n g s u m m e r * , s a i d Mr F o s t e r . « T h e y c o m e h e r e t o f i s h , s w i m , w a t e r - s k i , jet-ski, picnic, commune w i t h Mother Nature, you name it. People love this place*.

A В C D E F G II

n o a d d i t i o n a l v e h i c l e s are a l l o w e d t o e n t e r and a boat rental facility enjoying a music festival d e s t r o y e d p a r t of C a m b r i d g e R o a d about 20 miles of shoreline to stay overnight on weekends a journey through history two other popular activities „

Task 5

Read the text below. For questions ( 2 2 — 3 3 ) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

CALLENDALE CASTLE Callendale Castle, o f t e n called one of t h e (22) i n g t h e (23)

castles i n E n g l a n d , i s built o n a hill overlook­

of C a l l e n d a l e i n W e s t B a s s e t s h i r e . On a p p r o a c h i n g C a l l e n d a l e v i l l a g e , t h e t w i n

(24) of t h e c a s t l e s u d d e n l y l o o m e d t h r o u g h t h e m i s t , g i v i n g t h e v i l l a g e a (25) ap­ pearance.

C a l l e n d a l e C a s t l e (26) m a n y stories, and m a n y secrets. A quick read through the (27)

g a v e m e a c o l o u r f u l i m a g e of t h e w a y t h i n g s m u s t h a v e b e e n i n s i d e t h e s e f o r b i d d i n g

s t o n e w a l l s all t h o s e y e a r s (28) a F r e n c h a m b a s s a d o r t o o k (30)

. A s e c r e t m e e t i n g b e t w e e n (29)

Henry V and

here d u r i n g the 1 0 0 years' war. In 1 8 1 4 , the castle narrowly

escaped being b u r n t to t h e (31) (32) unattended.

when a lazy k i t c h e n boy left a pig r o a s t i n g on t h e open

The castle (33) took me to a d a r k dank dungeon, complete w i t h g r u e s o m e i n s t r u m e n t s of t o r t u r e . H i d d e n in one c o r n e r t h e r e is a t i n y cell, little more t h a n a hole, w h e r e countless prisoners were left to r o t away. I t ' s h a r d to imagine'how a grown person could fit i n t o a place so small.

A

В

C

D

22

finest

beautiful

nice

most

23

cottage

country

city

village

24

towers

rooms

windows

terraces

25

mysterious

clear

particular

modern

26

creates

reads

reveals

holds

27

tour guide

excursion

guidebook

handout

28

before

ago

after

since

29

Queen

King

Knight

Owner

30

participation

seat

easy

place

31

earth

mud

ground

globe

32

water

fire

air

earth

33

voyage

trip

journey

tour

• •

Task 6

-

Read the texts below. For q u e s t i o n s (34—45) c h o o s e t h e correct a n s w e r (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the s e p a r a t e a n s w e r s h e e t .

BING, T H E N E W S E A R C H E N G I N E OF MICROSOFT Microsoft's

new s e a r c h engine, Bing, (34)

i n a major ad c a m p a i g n . The company hopes it

(35) c o m p e t i t o r s like Yahoo and Google.

Microsoft h a s h a d a s e a r c h engine for m a n y years already. I t ' s gone t h r o u g h a n u m b e r of incarna­ tions b u t t h e problem w a s t h a t relatively few people ever used i t . The w o r l d ' s l a r g e s t software devel­ oper w a n t s to change t h a t w i t h t h e launch of Bing.

Described as a «decision engine », Bing promises to m a k e s h o p p i n g , booking a flight or searching for a r e s t a u r a n t online easier a n d f a s t e r t h a n o t h e r s i t e s .

B u t some e x p e r t s a r e a s k i n g why people would stop u s i n g Google, one of t h e w o r l d ' s most (36) search e n g i n e s , a n d s t a r t u s i n g Bing?

Microsoft says i t ' s because 40 % of search queries on t h e i r c o m p e t i t o r ' s site (37) u n a n s w e r e d — s o m e t h i n g t h e y can improve on. A n d while i t r e m a i n s to be seen (38)

how

u s e r s will be a b o u t Bing, m a n y a d v e r t i s e r s already are.

Bing is stylish. Some of i t s f e a t u r e s , like previewing videos w i t h o u t (39) t h e site, s u r p a s s w h a t is offered by Google. Microsoft is t a k i n g a major financial r i s k w i t h Bing. It h a s already spent $ 1 0 0 m on t h e a d v e r t i s i n g c a m p a i g n alone.

A

В

C

D

34

launched

was launched

was launch

was launching

35

rival

rivalled

will rival

is rivalled

Закінчення

таблиці

А

В

c

D

36

use

using

uses

used

37

go

goes

going

is gone

38

excite

exciting

excited

was excited

39

leave

left

leaved

leaving

T H E P O P U L A R W A Y TO L E A R N E N G L I S H I N J A P A N T h e s p e e c h e s of t h e n e w U n i t e d S t a t e s P r e s i d e n t B a r a c k Obama are p r o v i n g t o b e a p o p u l a r aid t o learning English in Japan. A special compilation (40)

o n s a l e l a t e l y , q u i c k l y b e c o m i n g a na­

tional bestseller.

I t ' s b e e n d e s c r i b e d b y i t s p u b l i s h e r s as a h u g e h i t i n J a p a n — a c o m p i l a t i o n of t h e s p e e c h e s of B a r a k Obama h a s b e e n s o l d i n t h e n u m b e r of o v e r 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 c o p i e s , a n d s t u d e n t s at an E n g l i s h c l a s s i n T o k y o are e v e n m e m o r i s i n g t h e n e w ( 4 1 ) words to improve their o w n pronunciation and understanding.

Barak O b a m a ' s m e s s a g e of c h a n g e h a s b e e n w e l l r e c e i v e d i n J a p a n w h e r e p o l i t i c s i s o f t e n (42) b y g r e y f i g u r e s a n d b a c k r o o m d e a l s . T h e clear l a n g u a g e of t h e s p e e c h e s m a k e s t h e m an o b v i o u s c h o i c e for t e a c h i n g m a t e r i a l . B u t t h e n e w P r e s i d e n t ' s w o r d s are s a i d t o h o l d p a r t i c u l a r appeal.

F i r s t of all i t ' s f r o m h i s p e r s o n a l i t y , a n d a l s o h i s t e c h n i q u e , a s h i s r h y t h m s i n E n g l i s h s o u n d b e a u ­ tiful to the Japanese people (43) as s o m e t h i n g t h e y w a n t t o l e a r n f r o m .

may not understand English well but still find his English

A n d s o , i n s h o p s a c r o s s J a p a n t h e f a c e of t h e n e w A m e r i c a n P r e s i d e n t i s a f i x t u r e o n t h e book­ shelves, (44) o n t h e b o o k s t a l l s . A n d f o r s t u d e n t s , t h e q u e s t i o n of w h e t h e r t h e y ( 4 5 ) improving their English can be answered — «Yes, we will».

A

В

C

D

40

go

went

has gone

going

41

President

President's

Presidents

Presidents'

characterise

characterised

characterising

characterises

43

who

whose

what

when

44

as well as

is well as

as better as

as good as

45

succeed

will succeed

succeeded

have succeed

42

in

Writing 46

Some days ago you ordered a yellow woolen sweater, large size, and light blue jeans, medium size, i n a n I n t e r n e t s h o p ; h o w e v e r , w h e n y o u g o t y o u r o r d e r , y o u f o u n d o u t t h a t t h e r e w a s a red w o o l e n s w e a t e r , m e d i u m s i z e , a n d l i g h t b l u e j e a n s , l a r g e s i z e . W r i t e a l e t t e r of c o m p l a i n t t o t h e m a n a g e r of t h e s h o p : — s a y w h y y o u are w r i t i n g ; — complain about the order; — m e n t i o n t h a t y o u are e x t r e m e l y d i s a p p o i n t e d as y o u w a n t e d t o t a k e t h o s e t h i n g s o n h o l i d a y with you; — ask for r e p l a c e m e n t of t h e i t e m s or a f u l l r e f u n d .

W r i t e a l e t t e r of at l e a s t 1 0 0 w o r d s . D o n o t w r i t e a n y d a t e s a n d a d d r e s s e s . S t a r t y o u r l e t t e r w i t h : Dear Sir or Madam, Best

wishes,

Reading _

—

_

—

____

T

a

s

k

л

—

_

_ —

_ — _

_ _

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (1—5). There are three choices you don't need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

ECOTOURISM N o w a d a y s , m a n y of u s t r y t o l i v e i n a w a y t h a t w i l l d a m a g e t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a s l i t t l e as p o s s i b l e .

W e recycle our newspapers and bottles, we take public transport to get to work, we try to buy locally produced fruit and vegetables and we stopped u s i n g aerosol sprays years ago. A n d we want to take t h e s e a t t i t u d e s on h o l i d a y w i t h u s . T h i s i s w h y a l t e r n a t i v e f o r m s of t o u r i s m a r e b e c o m i n g m o r e p o p u ­ lar all o v e r t h e w o r l d .

(1)

T h e r e are l o t s o f n a m e s f o r t h e s e n e w f o r m s of t o u r i s m : r e s p o n s i b l e t o u r i s m , a l t e r n a ­ tive tourism, sustainable tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, educational tourism and m o r e . E c o t o u r i s m p r o b a b l y i n v o l v e s a l i t t l e of all of t h e m . E v e r y o n e h a s a d i f f e r e n t d e f i n i t i o n b u t most people agree that ecotourism must: 1) c o n s e r v e t h e w i l d l i f e a n d c u l t u r e of t h e area; 2) i n v o l v e t h e l o c a l c o m m u n i t y ; 3) m a k e a p r o f i t w i t h o u t d e s t r o y i n g n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s .

(2)

T o u r i s t s s t a y i n local h o u s e s w i t h local p e o p l e , n o t i n s p e c i a l l y b u i l t h o t e l s . S o t h e y e x ­ p e r i e n c e t h e local c u l t u r e a n d d o n o t t a k e p r e c i o u s e n e r g y a n d w a t e r a w a y f r o m t h e local p o p u l a ­ tion. They travel on foot, by boat, bicycle or elephant so that there is no pollution. A n d they have a s p e c i a l e x p e r i e n c e t h a t t h e y w i l l r e m e m b e r all of t h e i r l i v e s .

T h i s t y p e of t o u r i s m c a n o n l y i n v o l v e s m a l l n u m b e r s of p e o p l e s o i t c a n b e e x p e n s i v e . B u t y o u c a n a p p l y t h e p r i n c i p l e s of e c o t o u r i s m w h e r e v e r y o u g o f o r y o u r h o l i d a y . J u s t r e m e m b e r t h e s e b a s i c rules.

(3)

Learn about t h e place t h a t you're g o i n g to v i s i t . Find o u t about i t s culture and history.

L e a r n a l i t t l e of t h e n a t i v e l a n g u a g e , at l e a s t b a s i c s l i k e « P l e a s e * , « T h a n k y o u » , a n d «Good m o r n ­ i n g * . T h i n k of y o u r h o l i d a y as a n o p p o r t u n i t y to l e a r n s o m e t h i n g .

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W e a r clothes that will not offend people. A l w a y s ask p e r m i s s i o n before you take a pho­ t o g r a p h . R e m e m b e r t h a t y o u are a v i s i t o r .

S t a y i n local h o t e l s a n d e a t i n local r e s t a u r a n t s . B u y local p r o d u c t s w h e n e v e r p o s s i b l e a n d p a y a fair price for what you buy.

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If t h e a r e a d o e s n ' t h a v e m u c h w a t e r , d o n ' t t a k e t w o s h o w e r s e v e r y d a y . R e m e m b e r t h e p h r a s e : « L e a v e n o t h i n g b e h i n d y o u e x c e p t f o o t p r i n t s a n d t a k e n o t h i n g a w a y e x c e p t p h o t o g r a p h s *.

T a k e as m u c h c a r e of t h e p l a c e s t h a t y o u v i s i t a s y o u t a k e of y o u r o w n h o m e . D o n ' t b u y s o u v e n i r s m a d e of e n d a n g e r e d a n i m a l s or p l a n t s .

W a l k or u s e o t h e r n o n - p o l l u t i n g f o r m s of t r a n s p o r t w h e n e v e r y o u c a n .

D o n ' t be a f r a i d t o a s k t h e h o l i d a y c o m p a n y a b o u t w h a t t h e y d o t h a t i s « e c o » . R e m e m b e r t h a t «eco» i s v e r y f a s h i o n a b l e t o d a y a n d a l o t of h o l i d a y s t h a t are a d v e r t i s e d a s ' e c o t o u r i s m are n o t much better than traditional tourism.

B u t b e f o r e y o u g e t t o o e n t h u s i a s t i c , t h i n k a b o u t h o w y o u are g o i n g t o g e t t o y o u r d r e a m «eco» p a r a d i s e . F l y i n g i s o n e of t h e b i g g e s t m a n - m a d e s o u r c e s of c a r b o n d i o x i d e i n t h e a t m o s p h e r e .

Friends of t h e E a r t h s a y t h a t o n e r e t u r n f l i g h t f r o m L o n d o n t o M i a m i p u t s as m u c h carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as the average British car driver produces d u r i n g a year. So don't forget t h a t y o u d o n ' t h a v e t o f l y t o e x o t i c l o c a t i o n s f o r y o u r «eco» h o l i d a y . T h e r e are p r o b a b l y p l a c e s of n a t u r a l b e a u t y a n d i n t e r e s t i n y o u r o w n c o u n t r y t h a t y o u ' v e n e v e r v i s i t e d .

A В C D E F G H

Be prepared.

Don't waste resources.

But what is ecotourism?

H a v e respect for local culture.

P r o v i d e an e x p e r i e n c e t h a t t o u r i s t s w a n t t o p a y f o r .

L e t ' s look at a n e x a m p l e of an e c o t o u r .

Choose your holiday carefully.

Benefit the local people.

.

T a s k

2

•

—

—

R e a d t h e text below. For q u e s t i o n s ( 6 — 1 0 ) c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r (А, В, C or D). Write your a n s w e r s on the separate answer sheet.

L a d y D i a n a S p e n c e r w a s b o r n i n 1 9 6 1 . S h e h a d a n o r m a l , q u i e t u p b r i n g i n g . It c o u l d n e v e r h a v e p r e p a r e d h e r f o r t h e f a m e a n d g l a m o u r of b e i n g a B r i t i s h p r i n c e s s . W i t h i n a f e w y e a r s , s h e c h a n g e d from being a shy teenager to the m o s t photographed person on the planet. S h e hit newspaper head­ l i n e s a r o u n d t h e w o r l d , b u t t h e b i g g e s t o n e w a s f o r h e r d e a t h at t h e a g e of 3 6 .

D i a n a w a s a k i n d e r g a r t e n t e a c h e r i n L o n d o n w h e n s h e c a u g h t t h e i n t e r e s t of P r i n c e C h a r l e s . S h e w o n t h e h e a r t s of a n a t i o n w i t h h e r s h y s m i l e s a n d n a t u r a l b e a u t y . T h e w h o l e w o r l d w a t c h e d t h e f a i r y ­ t a l e r o y a l w e d d i n g i n 1 9 8 1 . A y e a r l a t e r , s h e g a v e b i r t h t o P r i n c e W i l l i a m , t h e f i r s t of h e r t w o s o n s .

Diana was n e r v o u s at first i n public, but soon she developed a c h a r m i n g manner. She took a strong i n t e r e s t i n m a n y c h a r i t i e s a n d i m p o r t a n t c a u s e s . S h e h i g h l i g h t e d t h e s u f f e r i n g s of t h e h o m e l e s s a n d A I D S v i c t i m s . S h e a l s o c a m p a i g n e d f o r t h e a b o l i t i o n of l a n d m i n e s a n d m a n y c o u n t r i e s b a n n e d t h e m .

D i a n a a n d C h a r l e s d i v o r c e d i n 1 9 9 6 . S h e s t r u g g l e d w i t h d e p r e s s i o n a n d e a t i n g d i s o r d e r s for m a n y y e a r s a f t e r . S h e f i n a l l y f o u n d h a p p i n e s s w i t h an E g y p t i a n f i l m p r o d u c e r , D o d i A l - F a y e d . T h e i r ro­ mance was closely followed by paparazzi, w h i c h led to the fatal car crash t h a t killed her in Paris in 1 9 9 7 . A t h e r f u n e r a l , B r i t i s h P r i m e M i n i s t e r T o n y B l a i r c a l l e d h e r t h e « P e o p l e ' s P r i n c e s s * . To m a n y , s h e w a s s i m p l y t h e « Q u e e n of H e a r t s * .

6

W h a t is the best title for this text?

A British royal family. В T h e l i f e of a p r i n c e s s .

C Diana and Charles: unhappy love story.

D

Profile: Lady Diana.

7

Lady Diana Spencer A prepared for being a princess from an early age. В w a s brought up as an ordinary child.

C w a s an a c t i v e t e e n a g e r .

D liked being photographed.

8

W h e r e did Diana work before becoming a princess?

A In a nursery school. В In a secondary school.

C In a h i g h s c h o o l .

D A t t h e U n i v e r s i t y of L o n d o n .

9

According to the text, Diana was interested in A charity. В politics.

C international activity.

D medicine.

10 They say Diana felt A rather calm and quiet В disappointed C depressed D free and happy

_

_

__

.—.

after the divorce.

T a s k

з .—

,

_

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (11 — 15). There are three choices you.do not need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

QUIRKY EVENTS IN BRITAIN (11) Bog S n o r k e l l i n g , L l a n w r t y d W e l l s , W a l e s Each contestant i s required to 'swim' 2 lengths ( 1 2 0 yards) of a m u r k y peat bog using a nonrecognized s w i m m i n g t e c h n i q u e in order t o finish first. N o w f a m o u s worldwide, t h i s wacky race has spawned mountain bike and triathlon versions.

(12) Wife C a r r y i n g , H e r e f o r d R a c e c o u r s e The w i f e carrying c o m p e t i t i o n is t h e climax of t h e racecourse's N o v e m b e r Beer and Cider Raceday. The g a m e i s t h o u g h t to have originated as a joke based on a practice where y o u n g m e n publicly carried off t h e w o m e n t h e y wanted to marry. These days t h e victors receive their o w n weight in beer.

(13) W o r l d S t i n g i n g N e t t l e E a t i n g C h a m p i o n s h i p , M a r s h w o o d , D o r s e t E v e r y J u n e a p u b f u l of b r a v e c o n t e s t a n t s r a c e t o s e e w h o c a n e a t t h e m o s t s t i n g i n g n e t t l e s i n a n hour. The contest was born when 2 farmers argued over who had the longest stingers. A third m a n produced a longer nettle and rashly offered to eat it if longer could be found. W h e n t h e inevitable happened he kept his word and history w a s made. Stinging nettles have been used in British cookery for h u n d r e d s of years, b u t here t h e y are i n g e s t e d r a w w i t h their s t i n g s intact.

(14) W o r l d P o o h S t i c k s C h a m p i o n s h i p s , O x f o r d s h i r e Pooh S t i c k s , t h e g a m e i n w h i c h c o n t e s t a n t s drop sticks f r o m a bridge and rush t o t h e other side to see whose stick emerges first, is a typically British pastime. Invented by Winnie the Pooh, as written by A . A . Milne, i t ' s beloved by thousands across Britain and n o w a world championship honours the phenomenon.

(15) M a l d o n M u d R a c e , E s s e x J o i n 2 5 0 competitors i n this m a d r u n through.the smelly, ink-black m u d of t h e Blackwater Es­ tuary i n Essex. E n t r a n t s are advised to tape their shoes to their feet and, i n January, when the r a c e t a k e s p l a c e , t e m p e r a t u r e s are f r e e z i n g . N o t f o r t h e f a i n t - h e a r t e d , t h e n , b u t l o t s of f u n f o r anyone watching.

T h i s event A В C D E F G H

was originated by Winnie the Pooh. takes place i n w i n t e r and i s for courageous competitors. started when two farmers argued over who had the longest stingers. includes using fallen autumn chestnuts. i s a w e i r d r a c e n o w k n o w n all o v e r t h e w o r l d . appeared as a joke contest. takes place o n t h e second S u n d a y i n October. has been recognized since 1 2 6 6 .

' Task 4

:

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best fits each s p a c e (16—21). There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

CHRISTMAS T h e r e are l o t s o f C h r i s t m a s t r a d i t i o n s i n B r i t a i n . For e x a m p l e . . .

1) L o n d o n ' s C h r i s t m a s d e c o r a t i o n s .

E v e r y y e a r t h e p e o p l e of N o r w a y g i v e t h e c i t y of L o n d o n a p r e s e n t . I t ' s a b i g C h r i s t m a s t r e e a n d i t s t a n d s i n T r a f a l g a r S q u a r e . A l s o i n c e n t r a l L o n d o n , (16) always have beautiful decorations at C h r i s t m a s . T h o u s a n d s of p e o p l e c o m e t o look a t t h e m .

2) C a r d s , t r e e s a n d d e c o r a t i o n s .

I n 1846 t h e f i r s t C h r i s t m a s c a r d s a p p e a r e d i n B r i t a i n . T h a t w a s f i v e y e a r s a f t e r t h e f i r s t C h r i s t m a s tree. Queen V i c t o r i a ' s husband, Prince Albert, b r o u g h t t h i s German tradition (he w a s German) to B r i t a i n . H e and t h e Queen had a C h r i s t m a s tree at W i n d s o r Castle i n 1841.

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, nearly every house in Britain had one. Traditionally people decorate their trees on

Christmas Eve — that's December 24 . They take down the decorations twelve days later, on the t h

Twelfth N i g h t (January 5 ).

3) A n old t r a d i t i o n i s C h r i s t m a s m i s t l e t o e . th

P e o p l e p u t a p i e c e of t h i s g r e e n p l a n t w i t h i t s w h i t e b e r r i e s (18) . Mistletoe brings good luck, people say. A l s o , at Christmas people kiss each other under the mistletoe.

4) Christmas^carols.

B e f o r e C h r i s t m a s , g r o u p s of s i n g e r s (19) . They collect m o n e y and s i n g traditional Christ­ m a s s o n g s or c a r o l s . T h e r e ' r e a l o t o f v e r y p o p u l a r B r i t i s h C h r i s t m a s c a r o l s . T h r e e m o s t f a m o u s o n e s are: Good King Wenceslas, The Holly and the Ivy a n d We, Three Kings.

5) C h r i s t m a s D a y .

A t r a d i t i o n a l f e a t u r e of C h r i s t m a s a f t e r n o o n i s t h e Q u e e n ' s C h r i s t m a s m e s s a g e . A t t h r e e o'clock i n t h e a f t e r n o o n , t h e Q u e e n g i v e s h e r C h r i s t m a s m e s s a g e t o t h e n a t i o n (20) .

The Queen's message is also broadcast throughout the British Commonwealth. The first televised b r o a d c a s t of t h e Q u e e n ' s C h r i s t m a s m e s s a g e w a s i n 1957, b u t i t i s a t r a d i t i o n b e g u n o n t h e r a d i o i n 1932 b y G e o r g e V . T h e Q u e e n h a s m a d e a C h r i s t m a s b r o a d c a s t t o t h e C o m m o n w e a l t h e v e r y y e a r of h e r r e i g n (21) , w h e n a r e p e a t of t h e f i l m « R o y a l F a m i l y * w a s s h o w n a n d a w r i t t e n m e s s a g e from the Queen issued.

A over the door В Oxford Street and R e g e n t Street C go from house to house D the day before Christmas E go to midnight mass F e x c e p t 1969 G A few years after H which is broadcast on radio and television Task 5

™ — —

Read the text below. For questions (22—33) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

T w o t h o u s a n d y e a r s (22) t h e R o m a n s t r i e d t o t u r n t h i s d e s e r t i n t o an o a s i s , a p l a c e f u l l of rivers and lakes and canals. The Romans wanted to build big white temples and big houses under the hot s u n . They w a n t e d to t u r n t h i s desert into a n e w paradise, full of trees and flowers and fields. They p l a n n e d t o (23)

their ships across the desert. But they failed. The water in the aqueducts

d r i e d u p . T h e r e i s n o t h i n g (24)

of t h e R o m a n c a n a l s .

In 1777 a P o r t u g u e s e (25)

c a l l e d E m a n u e l de M e l o P i m e n t o c a m e t o t h i s d e s e r t w i t h a p l a n

t o t u r n i t i n t o a n o a s i s . A t t h a t t i m e i n h i s t o r y , e v e r y b o d y w a s v e r y e x c i t e d b y n e w (26) in s c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y a n d e n g i n e e r i n g . E m a n u e l de M e l o P i m e n t o w a s a m a n of h i s t i m e s , o n e of t h e n e w s c i e n t i s t - p h i l o s o p h e r - e n g i n e e r s w h o b e l i e v e d t h a t all t h e p r o b l e m s of p e o p l e i n t h e w o r l d could be (27)

b y s c i e n c e a n d p h i l o s o p h y . H e w a n t e d t o b u i l d a (28)

new city here, he want­

ed t o b u i l d a c o m p l e t e l y n e w c o u n t r y . H e w a n t e d t o call i t « P i m e n t i a » , n a m e d after himself, of

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.

E m a n u e l d e M e l o P i m e n t o h a d (30) money because m a n y rich people in Portugal and Spain gave h i m m o n e y to go around the world and explore. Those rich people invested in Emanuel d e M e l o P i m e n t o ' s (31) of e x p l o r a t i o n a n d d i s c o v e r y . E m a n u e l de M e l o P i m e n t o t o o k t h e i r m o n e y a n d u s e d i t n o t t o t r y a n d c h a n g e t h e s u r f a c e of t h e l a n d , l i k e t h e R o m a n s , b u t t o c h a n g e w h a t i s u n d e r t h e s u r f a c e of t h e d e s e r t .

E m a n u e l de M e l o P i m e n t o w a n t e d t o d i g c a n a l s u n d e r t h e d e s e r t , t o m a k e b i g (32) where the water would not dry up under the heat of the sun.

rivers

H e f a i l e d , of c o u r s e . B u t s o m e of h i s p l a n s s t i l l (33) . T h e y are v e r y b e a u t i f u l w o r k s of art.

B u t n o n e of h i s p l a n s w a s e v e r c o m p l e t e d — t h e y n e e d e d t o o m u c h m o n e y , m o r e m o n e y t h a n e v e n t h e r i c h people i n P o r t u g a l a n d S p a i n g a v e to E m a n u e l de Melo P i m e n t o . I n s t e a d , E m a n u e l de Melo P i m e n t o s p e n t all t h e m o n e y o n b u i l d i n g b e a u t i f u l b u i l d i n g s w h e r e h e c o u l d l i v e a n d d r e a m of h i s n e w c i t y .

A

В

C

D

22

after

before

ago

since

23 24

ride

drive

push

sail

left

stayed

stand

kept

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

adventure

travelling

tourist

explorer

developing

ventures

discoveries

devices

solved

fixed

made

created

completely

quiet

finally

entire

certain

sure

right

course

many

a lot of

few

crowds of

excursions

tours

journeys

visits

soil

ground

overground

underground

survive

carry on

alive

perish

— — _ _ Task 6 — — R e a d t h e t e x t s b e l o w . For q u e s t i o n s (34—45) c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r (А, В, C or D). Write your answers o n t h e separate answer sheet.

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE T h e (34) n u r s e of all t i m e m u s t be F l o r e n c e N i g h t i n g a l e , w h o (35) famous for h e r w o r k d u r i n g t h e C r i m e a n W a r i n t h e m i d d l e of t h e n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y .

F l o r e n c e N i g h t i n g a l e w a s b o r n i n 1805 i n K i n g s t o n , J a m a i c a . H e r m o t h e r w a s J a m a i c a n a n d h e r f a t h e r w a s S c o t t i s h . H e r m o t h e r (36) a boarding house for invalid soldiers and was also an expert in herbal remedies w h i c h she used to treat the soldiers. W h e n her m o t h e r died, Florence t o o k o v e r t h e b o a r d i n g h o u s e a n d t h e c a r e of t h e s i c k s o l d i e r s . (37) 1850 t h e r e w a s a s e r i o u s o u t b r e a k of c h o l e r a i n J a m a i c a . F l o r e n c e w o r k e d n i g h t a n d d a y t o h e l p t h e v i c t i m s a n d c r e a t e d h e r o w n h e r b a l m e d i c i n e f o r t h e d i s e a s e . S h e a l s o b e l i e v e d t h a t c l e a n c o n d i t i o n s , f r e s h air a n d g o o d f o o d (38) i m p o r t a n t i n (39) the disease, ideas which most doctors t h o u g h t were ridicu­ l o u s . D u r i n g t h e w a r , s h e s a v e d t h e l i v e s of t h o u s a n d s of p e o p l e .

А

В

C

D

34

well-knowner

well-knownest

more well-known

most well-known

35

become

became

has become

had become

36

run

ran

running

has run

37

At

On

With

In

38

are

were

be

been

39

fight

fought

fighting

fighted

H O W TO GET TO E N G L A N D London is a global t r a n s p o r t h u b , so you can (40)

fly t o E n g l a n d from j u s t about any­

w h e r e i n t h e world. I n r e c e n t y e a r s , t h e massive g r o w t h of b u d g e t airlines (41) of r o u t e s — and reduced t h e fares — between E n g l a n d and o t h e r c o u n t r i e s i n E u r o p e .

the number

Y o u r o t h e r m a i n option for t r a v e l between E n g l a n d and m a i n l a n d E u r o p e is f e r r y , (42) port-to-port or combined w i t h a long-distance b u s t r i p — t h i s type of t r a v e l h a s less environmental i m p a c t t h a n (43) , a l t h o u g h j o u r n e y s can be long and financial s a v i n g s n o t h u g e compared w i t h b u d g e t a i r f a r e s . I n t e r n a t i o n a l t r a i n s are m u c h more comfortable, a n d a n o t h e r «green» option; t h e Channel Tunnel allows d i r e c t r a i l services between E n g l a n d , F r a n c e a n d Belgium, w i t h onward connections (44)

many other European destinations.

G e t t i n g from E n g l a n d to Scotland a n d W a l e s is easy. The b u s and t r a i n s y s t e m s are fully inte­ g r a t e d and in m o s t cases you w o n ' t even know you have (45) t h e b o r d e r . P a s s p o r t s are n o t r e q u i r e d — a l t h o u g h some Scots and W e l s h may t h i n k they should be!

A

в

c

D

40

easy

easily

ease

easier

41

increasing

has increased

had increased

were increased

42

either

both

neither

or

43

fly

flying

flown

flew

44

on

to

in

under

45

cross

crosses

crossed

crossing

Writing 46 I m a g i n e t h a t y o u r s c h o o l m a g a z i n e h a s a s k e d i t s r e a d e r s t o s u b m i t a r t i c l e s e n t i t l e d « W h a t K i n d of L i f e Can a C h i l d B o r n i n t h e Y e a r 2 0 5 0 E x p e c t ? * W r i t e y o u r a r t i c l e ( a t l e a s t 1 0 0 w o r d s ) u s i n g t h e p l a n b e l o w . D o n o t f o r g e t t o u s e a p p r o p r i a t e l a n g u a g e t o e x p r e s s y o u r o p i n i o n (I think, I believe, in my opinion, furthermore, moreover, e t c . ) . T h e b e g i n n i n g a n d e n d i n g h a v e b e e n w r i t t e n for you.

PLAN

Introduction Para

1:

How would

a 17-year-old

boy / girl feel if he/she

found

himself

/ herself

in the year

2067?

M a i n body Para

2:

Para

3:

S t a t e p o s i t i v e p r e d i c t i o n s a n d r e a s o n s ( e . g . health — longer lives; space travel improve — travel to Venus on holidays, etc.).

S t a t e n e g a t i v e p r e d i c t i o n s a n d r e a s o n s ( e . g. food — in pills, relationship — fewer friends, etc.).

Conclusion Para

4:

In general, whatever the future brings, I believe from the style of life we have in our time.

that people's

life will be quite

different

Reading .

_

—

*

4

Task 1

——

•

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (1—5). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

H O W TO A T T R A C T T H E J O B O F Y O U R D R E A M U s e t h e s e s i m p l e s t r a t e g i e s f o r a t t r a c t i n g y o u r d r e a m job:

(1) D o y o u k n o w of s o m e o n e w h o i s d o i n g w h a t y o u d r e a m o f ? A r e t h e r e a n y r o l e m o d e l s , m e n t o r s , o r c o a c h e s y o u c a n l e a r n f r o m ? S t u d y w h a t o t h e r s h a v e d o n e a n d a s k t h e m q u e s t i o n s if y o u h a v e t h e opportunity. N o w that you already know what you want, you just need to figure out exactly how t o g e t it!

(2) W h i l e y o u ' r e k e e p i n g y o u r e y e o n t h e p r i z e , y o u m i g h t b e t a k i n g t o o m u c h i n a t o n c e . Y o u also m a y be t r y i n g t o a c c o m p l i s h t o o m u c h t o o f a s t . D i v i d e y o u r d r e a m g o a l i n t o s m a l l e r m i n i - g o a l s . Once y o u h a v e a s i m p l i f i e d p l a n i n p l a c e , a t t a c k e a c h m i n i - g o a l w i t h y o u r f u l l a t t e n t i o n a n d y o u ' l l be c h i p p i n g a w a y s l o w l y , b u t s u r e l y t o w a r d s y o u r d r e a m goal!

(3) If y o u w o r k o n y o u r i n t e r a c t i o n a n d p e o p l e s k i l l s , y o u c a n w o r k t o w a r d n e a r l y a n y job t h a t y o u want. This is because you'll get your points across clearly and become well respected.

(4) It a l w a y s h e l p s if y o u ' r e s e e n a s t h e t y p e of p e r s o n t h a t w i l l g o t h e e x t r a m i l e . If t h e r e ' s a s p e c i f i c job t h a t y o u ' r e i n t e r v i e w i n g f o r , s t u d y t h e o b j e c t i v e s a n d d u t i e s of t h e job c a r e f u l l y . M a k e s u r e y o u h a v e t h e q u a l i t i e s a n d s k i l l s e t t h e y ' r e l o o k i n g f o r , a n d if y o u d o n ' t , s h o w t h a t y o u ' r e w i l l i n g to take the initiative to acquire them.

(5) In o r d e r t o m a k e y o u r d r e a m j o b a r e a l i t y , r e a l i z e t h a t t h i s g o a l t a k e s t i m e , r e s e a r c h , g u i d a n c e , m o n e y , a n d a w h o l e l o t o f e f f o r t s . C h a n c e s are t h a t y o u r d r e a m j o b i s n ' t a n e n t r y - l e v e l p o s i t i o n a t y o u r local M c D o n a l d ' s , b u t p e r h a p s y o u ' l l w a n t t o o w n a r e s t a u r a n t s o m e d a y . A f t e r all, n o restaurant opened overnight!

So what can y o u do today to get started on your goal? Perhaps you can begin your research, get a n e c e s s a r y e d u c a t i o n , l o c a t e a m e n t o r , s t a r t a s a v i n g s a c c o u n t , or d o a n y n u m b e r of o t h e r s i m p l e tasks that will help y o u to build m o m e n t u m .

Use these strategies whenever possible to help you attract your dream job. W i t h consistent action and effort, t h e only w a y t o go is up!

A В C D E F G H

Make Yourself Stand Out B r e a k It D o w n Work on Communication Get Your Foot into the Door Make the R i g h t Choice Take A c t i o n Learn by Example Your Dreams Take Time

,

_

Task 2

•

Read the text below. For questions (6—10) c h o o s e the correct answer (A, B, Cor D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

THE ORSAY MUSEUM AND IMPRESSIONISM H o u s e d i n t h e f o r m e r O r s a y r a i l w a y s t a t i o n , t h e O r s a y M u s e u m i s t h e i m p r e s s i o n i s t m u s e u m of P a r i s . T h e b e a u t i f u l «Gare d ' O r s a y » w a s o n e o f P a r i s m a i n s t a t i o n s w h i c h w a s b u i l t i n 1900.

Located across t h e Louvre M u s e u m on the Seine river left bank, t h e station has been spectacularly r e n o v a t e d f r o m 1977 t o 1986 t o h o s t t h e O r s a y M u s e u m c o l l e c t i o n s .

T h e n a t i o n a l m u s e u m of t h e M u s e e d ' O r s a y o p e n e d t o t h e p u b l i c o n 9 D e c e m b e r 1986 t o s h o w t h e g r e a t d i v e r s i t y of a r t i s t i c c r e a t i o n i n t h e w e s t e r n w o r l d b e t w e e n 1848 a n d 1914. It w a s f o r m e d w i t h the national collections coming mainly from three establishments: — f r o m t h e L o u v r e M u s e u m , f o r t h e w o r k s of a r t i s t s b o r n a f t e r 1820 or c o m i n g t o t h e f o r e d u r i n g the Second Republic; — f r o m t h e M u s e e d u J e u d e P a u m e , w h i c h s i n c e 1947 h a d b e e n d e v o t e d t o I m p r e s s i o n i s m ; — a n d l a s t l y f r o m t h e N a t i o n a l M u s e u m of M o d e r n A r t , w h i c h , w h e n i t m o v e d i n 1976 t o t h e Cen­ t r e G e o r g e s P o m p i d o u , o n l y k e p t w o r k s of a r t i s t s b o r n a f t e r 1870.

B u t each artistic discipline represented in the Musee d'Orsay collections has i t s own history, w h i c h you can discover u s i n g t h i s m e n u .

T h e Orsay M u s e u m , a m u s t f o r a r t l o v e r s , i s k n o w n w o r l d w i d e f o r i t s f a b u l o u s i m p r e s s i o n i s t p a i n t ­ i n g s . The «Impressionism* w a s a French painting school in t h e second half of t h e 19 century.

The impressionists included A u g u s t e Renoir, Claude Monet, Edgar Manet and Theo Van Gogh.

T h e y p a i n t e d o r d i n a r y l i f e a n d p e o p l e i n t h e o p e n air. T h e y t o t a l l y r e j e c t e d t h e t r a d i t i o n of h i s t o r i ­ c a l a n d m y t h o l o g i c a l s u b j e c t s a n d u s e d l i g h t c o l o u r s . A b o v e all, t h e y a r e f a m o u s f o r h a v i n g d e p a r t e d f r o m t h e t r a d i t i o n of r e p r o d u c i n g t h e r e a l w o r l d . T h e y u s e d c o l o u r s p o t s a n d s t r o k e s i n s t e a d t o s u g ­ g e s t t h e i r i m p r e s s i o n of t h e r e a l w o r l d . T h i s i m p r e s s i o n i s o n l y p e r c e i v a b l e at a d i s t a n c e f r o m t h e i r paintings.

T h e I m p r e s s i o n i s t p a i n t i n g s are n o w w i d e l y a c c l a i m e d as s o m e of t h e b e s t o n e s i n a r t h i s t o r y . th

6

B e f o r e i t h o s t e d t h e O r s a y M u s e u m c o l l e c t i o n s , t h e o r i g i n a l d ' O r s a y b u i l d i n g u s e d t o be A an impressionist's studio. В a station.

C a railway carriage.

D a museum.

7

From the text we can tell A who founded the Orsay M u s e u m . В what museums its collections came from.

C how long it takes to get there from the Louvre M u s e u m .

D w h e n t h e w o r k i n g h o u r s of t h e m u s e u m a r e .

8

W h a t does the term «Impressionism* denote?

A A n art school. В All the French painters.

C 19 century France.

D A s t y l e of p a i n t i n g . th

9

The impressionists did NOT A paint ordinary life and people. В work in t h e open air.

C follow the tradition to depict historical and mythological subjects.

D use light colours.

10 T h e i m p r e s s i o n i s t s u s e d c o l o u r s p o t s a n d s t r o k e s A f o r lack of t r a d i t i o n a l t e c h n i q u e s . В as t h e y w a n t e d t o d e p i c t o b j e c t s a s a c c u r a t e a n d p r e c i s e a s p o s s i b l e .

C in order to reflect their emotions and feelings.

D because they didn't use pencils.

— -

Task 3 —

•

— —

•—

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (11 — 15). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

(11) T h e K n i g h t s b r i d g e L o u n g e The Knightsbridge Lounge i s a g l a m o r o u s r e s t a u r a n t l o c a t e d i n s i d e t h e u p m a r k e t S h e r a t o n P a r k T o w e r H o t e l , w h e r e a f t e r n o o n t e a i s t h e m a i n a t t r a c t i o n . B a s e d i n o n e of L o n d o n ' s m o s t e x c l u s i v e a r e a s , The Knightsbridge Lounge i s a d e c a d e n t v e n u e , d e c o r a t e d i n s t u n n i n g y e l l o w s a n d g o l d s w i t h h u g e candelabra and cosy leather sofas and is a l u x u r i o u s place to s p e n d an afternoon partak­ i n g of a v e r y B r i t i s h t r a d i t i o n , t h e a f t e r n o o n t e a .

(12) Le G r a n d F o o d i n g Le Grand Fooding c o m b i n e s c o n t e m p o r a r y d e s i g n & u r b a n c h i c w i t h c l a s s i c c o l o u r s , i m a g i n a t i v e l i g h t i n g a n d e x q u i s i t e a r t w o r k t o d r a m a t i c e f f e c t w i t h o u t l o s i n g a s e n s e of w a r m t h & i n t i m a c y .

Le Grand Fooding o f f e r s i n n o v a t i v e c u i s i n e t h a t c o m b i n e s f l a v o u r s a n d t e c h n i q u e s f r o m A s i a , F r a n c e a n d t h e M e d i t e r r a n e a n , all s k i l l f u l l y p r e p a r e d b y t h e r e s t a u r a n t ' s h e a d chef, T o m T h o m s e n . T h e c o m b i n a t i o n of s u m p t u o u s s u r r o u n d i n g s , e x p e r t l y p r e p a r e d f o o d a n d o u t s t a n d i n g s e r v ­ i c e e n s u r e s t h a t Le Grand Fooding w i l l l e a v e a l a s t i n g i m p r e s s i o n & w e ' d a d v i s e y o u n o t t o l e a v e Le Grand Fooding o f f y o u r m u s t - v i s i t l i s t .

(13) О F a d o R e s t a u r a n t О Fado R e s t a u r a n t i n K n i g h t s b r i d g e i s t h e o l d e s t P o r t u g u e s e r e s t a u r a n t i n L o n d o n , w h e r e f i r s t class Portuguese cuisine is served in attractive surroundings. The best Fado singers in London e n t e r t a i n a m i x e d c r o w d of P o r t u g u e s e e x p a t s , l o c a l s a n d t o u r i s t s a n d t h e a t m o s p h e r e i s f r i e n d l y and fun. There really is no need to v i s i t Portugal w h e n y o u have this authentic restaurant right on your own doorstep.

(14) M o n t p e l i a n o If y o u ' r e l o o k i n g f o r a r o m a n t i c L o n d o n r e s t a u r a n t f o r d i n n e r , t h e g r o u n d f l o o r of Montpeliano i s an a b s o l u t e m u s t . O p e n e d i n 1 9 7 4 b y r e s t a u r a t e u r A n t o n i o T r a p a n i , Montpeliano has achieved a l a n d m a r k s t a t u s i n K n i g h t s b r i d g e a s t h e p l a c e t o g o for f o r m a l I t a l i a n c o o k i n g . S i g n a t u r e d i s h e s a t Montpeliano include green asparagus with melted parmesan and butter, oven-baked aubergines w i t h t o m a t o , mozzarella and P a r m e s a n , Calamari fritti, chicken & s p i n a c h risotto and the best chocolate profiteroles in London.

(15) Mimosa Step into this stylish eatery and you'll find a modern sophisticated British restaurant with cream leather seating and a buzzy atmosphere. Signature dishes include potted brown shrimps with crispy toast, calves liver and sweet cured bacon, m a s h and shallot gravy and sticky date pudding w i t h b u t t e r s c o t c h s a u c e . W i t h i t s c o c k t a i l s w h e t h e r a f t e r a h a r d - d a y ' s w o r k or s h o p p i n g , l u n c h w i t h f r i e n d s or a s o p h i s t i c a t e d e v e n i n g m e a l , M i m o s a i s a r e s t a u r a n t w i t h t h e p e r f e c t a t m o s p h e r e f o r all o c c a s i o n s .

I n t h i s r e s t a u r a n t you c a n A В C

try simple but perfectly executed Italian classics. c o m e f o r t h e i n n o v a t i v e c u i s i n e t h a t c o m b i n e s f l a v o u r s a n d t e c h n i q u e s f r o m A s i a , F r a n c e and the Mediterranean. f i n d a p e r f e c t a t m o s p h e r e f o r all o c c a s i o n s .

D i n d u l g e t h e p a s t i m e of t h e t r a d i t i o n a l a f t e r n o o n t e a .

E find a stylish new addition to the Knightsbridge dining scene.

F enjoy traditional P o r t u g u e s e food and music.

G have dinner in a private dining room.

H have a business meeting. _ — Task 4 —• ~ R e a d t h e text b e l o w . C h o o s e from (A—H) t h e o n e w h i c h b e s t fits e a c h s p a c e ( 1 6 — 2 1 ) . There are t w o c h o i c e s y o u d o not n e e d t o u s e . Write your a n s w e r s o n t h e s e p a r a t e a n s w e r s h e e t .

I v y B e a n i s p e r h a p s t h e o l d e s t u s e r of s o c i a l n e t w o r k i n g s i t e s . S h e i s o f f i c i a l l y t h e o l d e s t p e r s o n o n F a c e b o o k a n d (16)

. S h e h a s b e c o m e f a m o u s f o r h e r T w i t t e r s i t e I v y B e a n l 0 4 . On S e p t e m b e r

t h e 8 t h , 2 0 0 9 , h e r 1 0 4 t h b i r t h d a y , I v y h a d 3 8 , 6 7 0 f o l l o w e r s . T h i s m a k e s h e r o n e of t h e m o s t f o l l o w e d p e o p l e i n c y b e r s p a c e ! S h e s a i d s h e p r e f e r r e d T w i t t e r t o F a c e b o o k (17)

. In o n e of h e r b i r t h ­

d a y p o s t s , s h e w r o t e : «I h a v e j u s t o p e n e d all m y c a r d s . I t ' s t a k e n m e 2 0 m i n u t e s * . S h e u s u a l l y w r i t e s a b o u t t h i n g s l i k e g e t t i n g h e r h a i r d o n e , w a t c h i n g h e r f a v o u r i t e TV s h o w s o r e a t i n g f i s h a n d c h i p s .

The world's media covered Ivy's birthday. C N N and Sky N e w s both wrote stories (18) .

I v y B e a n w a s b o r n i n B r a d f o r d , a t o w n i n t h e n o r t h of E n g l a n d , i n 1 9 0 5 . S h e w a s o n e of e i g h t c h i l ­ dren. She has seen h u g e c h a n g e s in t e c h n o l o g y in her lifetime. H e r first job w a s w o r k i n g in a cotton m i l l . T h e b i g g e s t i n n o v a t i o n i n h e r l i f e t h e n w a s t h e s t a r t of B r i t a i n ' s t e l e p h o n e n e t w o r k i n 1 9 1 2 . T h e f i r s t c o m p u t e r s a r r i v e d i n t h e w o r l d (19)

. She would have to wait several decades to actually

u s e o n e . B e f o r e s h e f o u n d d i g i t a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n , I v y w o n a g o l d m e d a l i n t h e F r i s b e e (20) .

She also likes bowling o n her N i n t e n d o W i i . Ms Bean said being f a m o u s h a s n ' t c h a n g e d her, although s h e j o k e d (21) .

A probably t h e oldest tweeter В t h a t h e r f r i e n d s w e r e j e a l o u s of h e r w o r l d w i d e p o p u l a r i t y C because it was easier to update D about her new-found f a m e E whether to shut down social media sites F their site was useful to the police G when Ivy hit half a century H throwing event at the Bradford Over-7 5 Olympics Task 5 • — — R e a d t h e text below. For q u e s t i o n s ( 2 2 — 3 3 ) c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r (А, В, C or D). Write your a n s w e r s on the separate answer sheet.

EDINBURGH FESTIVALS S u m m e r i n E d i n b u r g h , S c o t l a n d ' s c a p i t a l c i t y , i s t h e (22) S e p t e m b e r t h e r e are s e v e r a l d i f f e r e n t f e s t i v a l s w h i c h (23)

for f e s t i v a l s . In A u g u s t and place there.

The original Edinburgh International Festival started i n 1 9 4 7 , and offers visitors a rich (24)

of c l a s s i c a l m u s i c , t h e a t r e , o p e r a a n d d a n c e . T h e s a m e y e a r t h a t t h e o f f i c i a l f e s t i v a l be­

g a n , a h a n d f u l of t h e a t r i c a l c o m p a n i e s g a t e c r a s h e d t h e f e s t i v a l a n d o r g a n i s e d t h e i r o w n (25) which grew into what is now called the Fringe Festival.

,

T h e t e r m « f r i n g e * m e a n s s o m e t h i n g o n t h e o u t s i d e of t h e m a i n e v e n t , b u t o v e r t h e y e a r s , t h e Ed­ i n b u r g h F r i n g e F e s t i v a l h a s b e c o m e t h e l a r g e s t of all t h e f e s t i v a l s , a n d (26) the largest arts festival in the world! The Fringe f e a t u r e s performers and acts w h i c h are less traditional and more u n c o n v e n t i o n a l t h a n t h o s e i n t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l F e s t i v a l , a n d i n c l u d e s a l o t of c o m e d y s h o w s , m u s i c a n d c h i l d r e n ' s (27) . T h e E d i n b u r g h F r i n g e i s s e e n a s a n i m p o r t a n t p l a c e f o r p r o m i s i n g co­ medians to perform at.

A t t h e s a m e t i m e i n E d i n b u r g h t h e r e are v a r i o u s (28) f e s t i v a l s , s u c h as t h e J a z z a n d Blues festival, t h e Book Festival, the Film Festival, and even an Internet Festival! There is also a m u l t i c u l t u r a l f e s t i v a l c a l l e d M e l a , w h i c h c e l e b r a t e s t h e d i v e r s i t y of p e o p l e l i v i n g i n E d i n b u r g h , i n p a r t i c u l a r p e o p l e w i t h S o u t h A s i a n (29)

.

E d i n b u r g h C a s t l e i s t h e s i t e of o n e of t h e m o s t (30)

events — The Military Tattoo.

A m i l i t a r y t a t t o o h a s (31) t o d o w i t h a t a t t o o o n y o u r s k i n ! It m e a n s a p e r f o r m a n c e of m i l i ­ t a r y m u s i c , f o r e x a m p l e , b y m a r c h i n g b a n d s . In S c o t l a n d , t h e m i l i t a r y t a t t o o t r a d i t i o n a l l y i n c l u d e s bagpipes and d r u m s . The display can also feature dancers, horses and motorbikes!

(32)

y o u h a v e t o p a y t o a t t e n d m o s t of t h e e v e n t s a t t h e v a r i o u s f e s t i v a l s , t h e r e are s e v ­

eral g r o u p s w h o o r g a n i s e l a r g e n u m b e r s of f r e e e v e n t s a s (33)

.

A

В

C

D

22

tense

time

month

place

23

bring

get

give

take

24

course

programme

series

curriculum evening

25

event

even

ever

26

indeed

real

very

genuine

27

allowance

entertainment

safety

welfare

28

others

another

other's

other

29

source

starting point

origins

basic

30

spectral*

spectacle

spectacular

spectacled

31

anything

everything

something

nothing

32

In order

Though

Thus

Likely

33

well

good

bad

worse

R e a d t h e text b e l o w . For q u e s t i o n s ( 3 4 — 4 5 ) c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r (А, В, C or D). Write your a n s w e r s on t h e s e p a r a t e a n s w e r s h e e t .

BEING OPTIMISTIC CAN LOWER S T R E S S A N D A N X I E T Y S c i e n t i s t s (34)

t h a t people w h o are too optimistic about the f u t u r e m a y have «faulty*

b r a i n s . T h e i r s t u d y , (35)

t h e j o u r n a l Nature

Neuroscience,

concluded that the reason many

p e o p l e a l w a y s s e e l i g h t a t t h e e n d of t h e t u n n e l m a y be (36) a n i n a b i l i t y t o s e n s i b l y deal w i t h r i s k . T h e y e v e n s a y t h i s o v e r - o p t i m i s m c o u l d h a v e b e e n a c a u s e of t h e 2 0 0 8 g l o b a l f i n a n c i a l c r i s i s , w i t h b a n k e r s f a i l i n g (37)

or s e e t h e r i s k i n e s s of t h e i r i n v e s t m e n t s . R e p o r t a u t h o r D r T a l i

S h a r o t of L o n d o n ' s U n i v e r s i t y C o l l e g e a n a l y z e d b r a i n s c a n s t o m e a s u r e t h e a c t i v i t y t a k i n g p l a c e i n p a t i e n t s (38) (39)

were asked to think about their future. He f o u n d that negative predictions i n t h e m i n d s of o p t i m i s t s .

In t h e s t u d y , D r S h a r o t g a v e v o l u n t e e r s 8 0 d i f f e r e n t n e g a t i v e s i t u a t i o n s (40)

unpleasant

t o d i s a s t r o u s . T h e s e i n c l u d e d g e t t i n g d i v o r c e d , h a v i n g y o u r car (41) and developing cancer.

M a n y of t h e v o l u n t e e r s u n d e r e s t i m a t e d t h e c h a n c e s of t h e s e s i t u a t i o n s h a p p e n i n g t o t h e m . D r S h a r o t s a i d : « T h e m o r e o p t i m i s t i c w e a r e , t h e (42) l i k e l y w e are t o be (43) by negative in­ formation about the f u t u r e * . He added: «'Smoking kills' messages don't work as people think their c h a n c e s of c a n c e r a r e l o w . T h e d i v o r c e r a t e i s 5 0 % , b u t p e o p l e d o n ' t t h i n k ( 4 4 )

the same

f o r t h e m * . H e a l s o s a i d : «(45) t h e g l a s s as h a l f f u l l r a t h e r t h a n h a l f e m p t y c a n b e a p o s i t i v e t h i n g . It c a n l o w e r s t r e s s a n d a n x i e t y a n d b e g o o d f o r o u r h e a l t h a n d w e l l - b e i n g * .

Đ?

Đ’

C

D

34

discovered

have discovered

has discovered

have been discovered

35

in

on

at

over

36

because of

however

for the reason

since

37

accept

accepting

to accept

to be accepted

38

who

what

where

why

39

ignore

ignored

were ignored

are ignored

40

ranging of

ranging for

ranging at

ranging from stolen

41

steal

stole

stealing

42

less

few

fewer

little

43 44

influence

influenced

influencing

to influence

it's

its

its'

it

45

See

Seen

Seeing

Being seen

•".

46

" .

'

'

Writing

ШШШШШШШШіШШ

W r i t e a letter to a local TV c o m p a n y w i t h your s u g g e s t i o n s as to how to i m p r o v e the quality and raise the standard of T V p r o g r a m m e s , u s i n g t h e plan below (at least 1 0 0 words).

PLAN

Introduction Para

1:

E x p l a i n w h y y o u h a v e d e c i d e d t o w r i t e a l e t t e r t o t h e local TV c o m p a n y .

M a i n body Para Para

2: 3:

Point some positive working sides.

Point some negative working sides.

Conclusion Para

4:

O f f e r y o u r s u g g e s t i o n s f o r i m p r o v i n g t h e q u a l i t y a n d r a i s i n g t h e s t a n d a r d of TV pro­ grammes.

Reading Task 1

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to ( 1 — 5 ) . There are three choices you don't need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

I T ' S T I M E TO S T O P W O R R Y I N G A N D S T A R T L I V I N G W o r r y i n g c a n be h e l p f u l w h e n i t e n c o u r a g e s y o u t o t a k e a c t i o n a n d s o l v e a p r o b l e m . B u t if y o u ' r e p r e o c c u p i e d w i t h « w h a t i f s » a n d w o r s t - c a s e s c e n a r i o s , w o r r y i n g b e c o m e s a p r o b l e m of i t s o w n . U n r e ­ l e n t i n g d o u b t s a n d f e a r s are p a r a l y s i n g , n o t m o t i v a t i n g or p r o d u c t i v e . T h e y s a p y o u r e m o t i o n a l e n e r g y , s e n d y o u r a n x i e t y l e v e l s s o a r i n g , a n d i n t e r f e r e w i t h y o u r d a y - t o - d a y l i f e — all t h i s w i t h n o p o s i t i v e pay­ off! The g o o d n e w s i s t h a t c h r o n i c w o r r y i n g i s a m e n t a l h a b i t y o u c a n l e a r n h o w t o break. Y o u can t r a i n y o u r b r a i n t o s t a y c a l m a n d c o l l e c t e d a n d t o look a t life f r o m a m o r e p o s i t i v e p e r s p e c t i v e .

(1)

You can't change what happened yesterday. You can m a k e tomorrow better by living w e l l t o d a y . S o c o n c e n t r a t e o n d o i n g y o u r b e s t t o d a y a n d p u t y e s t e r d a y o u t of y o u r m i n d . A s f o r t o m o r r o w , t h i n k of o n l y t h e b e s t t h a t c a n h a p p e n .

(2)

A s t u d y w a s m a d e of t h e k i n d s of t h i n g s p e o p l e w o r r y a b o u t . It s h o w e d t h a t 4 0 p e r c e n t w e r e t h i n g s t h a t n e v e r c a m e a b o u t , 3 5 p e r c e n t w e r e t h i n g s t h a t c o u l d n ' t be c h a n g e d , 1 5 p e r c e n t turned out better t h a n e x p e c t e d , 8 per cent were p e t t y , useless worries, and only 2 per cent were justifiable worries.

(3)

S o m e people, w h e n t h e y fly, w o r r y t h a t t h e plane will crash. The law of averages indicates that it is not very likely to happen.

(4)

D e l i b e r a t e l y m a k e t h e b e s t of e v e r y b a d s i t u a t i o n . It i s a p r o f i t a b l e w a y t o d e f e a t w o r r y i n g . S o m e o n e h a s s a i d , «If l i f e h a n d s y o u a l e m o n , m a k e l e m o n a d e o u t of i t » .

(5)

Instead cooperate w i t h y o u r habit. Schedule a certain a m o u n t of t i m e , s a y t w e n t y m i n u t e s , for worrying every day. Then spend t h a t t i m e alone worrying. W h e n y o u start to worry at any other time, remind yourself t h a t y o u h a v e scheduled a t i m e for w o r r y i n g and s a v e y o u r w o r r y . A n d y o u will f i n d y o u r scheduled w o r r y s e s s i o n s g e t t i n g shorter and shorter as y o u h a v e less and less t o worry about.

More likely is that w h e n u s i n g this technique you will simply forget your original worries — t h e y will never have bothered you.

A В C D E F G H

_

C r o w d w o r r y o u t of y o u r m i n d b y k e e p i n g y o u r s e l f b u s y .

Don't fuss about little things that don't really matter.

If y o u are a h a b i t u a l w o r r i e r , d o n ' t f i g h t i t .

R e m i n d y o u r s e l f of t h e v e r y h i g h p r i c e y o u c a n p a y f o r w o r r y i n g i n t e r m s of y o u r h e a l t h .

Live one day at a time.

U s e t h e l a w of a v e r a g e s t o o u t l a w y o u r w o r r i e s .

Cooperate w i t h the inevitable.

A f t e r c a r e f u l l y w e i g h i n g all t h e f a c t s , c o m e t o a d e c i s i o n . _

_

Task 2

Read the text below. For questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) c h o o s e the correct answer (А; В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

THE MILLIONTH WORD IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE It i s b e i n g c l a i m e d t h a t t h e m i l l i o n t h w o r d i n t h e E n g l i s h l a n g u a g e i s a b o u t t o be c r e a t e d . A U S c o m p a n y w h i c h f o l l o w s t h e u s e of l a n g u a g e o n t h e I n t e r n e t h a s m a d e t h e p r e d i c t i o n . H o w e v e r , t r a ­ d i t i o n a l d i c t i o n a r y m a k e r s a r e n ' t s o s u r e . T h e i d e a o f t h e m i l l i o n t h w o r d e n t e r i n g t h e E n g l i s h lan­ g u a g e i s a b r i l l i a n t b i t o f p u b l i c r e l a t i o n s f o r T e x a s - b a s e d Global L a n g u a g e M o n i t o r (GLM). GLM r u n s a powerful search service which monitors web traffic. They make their money telling organisations h o w o f t e n t h e i r n a m e i s m e n t i o n e d i n n e w m e d i a , s u c h as t h e I n t e r n e t .

W h a t t h e y c a n a l s o d o i s s e a r c h f o r n e w l y c o i n e d w o r d s . Once a w o r d h a s b e e n u s e d 2 5 , 0 0 0 t i m e s o n s o c i a l n e t w o r k i n g s i t e s a n d s u c h l i k e , GLM d e c l a r e s i t t o be a n e w w o r d .

By their calculations a new word is created in English every 9 8 minutes, hence they estimate that t h e m i l l i o n t h w o r d i s a b o u t t o be c r e a t e d .

If y o u t a l k t o l e x i c o g r a p h e r s , h o w e v e r , d i c t i o n a r y p r o f e s s i o n a l s , t h e y t e l l a s l i g h t l y d i f f e r e n t s t o r y . D i c t i o n a r i e s h a v e t i g h t e r c r i t e r i a a b o u t w h a t c o n s t i t u t e s a n e w w o r d , f o r e x a m p l e , i t h a s t o be u s e d o v e r a c e r t a i n p e r i o d of t i m e .

L e x i c o g r a p h e r s w i l l t e l l y o u t h a t t h e e x a c t s i z e of E n g l i s h v o c a b u l a r y i s i m p o s s i b l e t o q u a n t i f y , b u t if y o u accept e v e r y t e c h n i c a l t e r m or o b s c u r e s p e c i a l i s t w o r d t h e n w e ' r e a l r e a d y w a y b e y o n d a m i l l i o n .

A n d if y o u r e s t r i c t i n c l u s i o n of s p e c i a l i s t s l a n g , t h e n t h e r e are p o s s i b l y t h r e e q u a r t e r s of a m i l l i o n w o r d s i n E n g l i s h . A l l of w h i c h i s w a y b e y o n d t h e 2 0 — 4 0 , 0 0 0 w o r d s t h a t a f l u e n t s p e a k e r w o u l d u s e , or t h e f e w t h o u s a n d y o u c o u l d g e t b y w i t h i n E n g l i s h . B a s i c a l l y , w i t h 1.5 b i l l i o n p e o p l e s p e a k i n g s o m e v e r s i o n of t h e l a n g u a g e , i t ' s s m a l l w o n d e r — E n g l i s h i s t h e f a s t e s t g r o w i n g t o n g u e i n t h e w o r l d .

6

The text focuses on A the languages which have more than a million words. В t h e m e a n i n g a n d u s a g e of t h e m i l l i o n t h w o r d i n t h e E n g l i s h l a n g u a g e .

C t h e p r o c e s s of c a l c u l a t i o n a n d r e g i s t r a t i o n of w o r d s i n a l a n g u a g e .

D the monitoring web traffic.

7

W h a t can we find out from the text?

A T h e m i l l i o n t h w o r d i n t h e E n g l i s h l a n g u a g e w a s r e g i s t e r e d b y GLM s e r v i c e . В The millionth word in the English language is about to be created.

C T h e r e are l e s s t h a n a m i l l i o n w o r d s i n t h e E n g l i s h l a n g u a g e .

D T h e r e are d i f f e r e n t p o i n t s o f v i e w o n t h e n u m b e r of w o r d s i n t h e E n g l i s h l a n g u a g e .

8

Global L a n g u a g e M o n i t o r d o e s n o t A run a powerful search service which monitors web traffic. В make up dictionaries.

C tell organisations h o w often their n a m e i s m e n t i o n e d i n new media.

D search for newly coined words.

9

GLM d e c l a r e s a w o r d t o b e a n e w o n e a f t e r i t A h a s b e e n u s e d o v e r a c e r t a i n p e r i o d of t i m e . В has been used by 2 5 , 0 0 0 people.

C has been used 2 5 , 0 0 0 t i m e s on social n e t w o r k i n g sites.

D has appeared i n dictionaries.

10 L e x i c o g r a p h e r s c l a i m t h a t A it's just amazing that English is the fastest growing tongue in the world. В t h e e x a c t s i z e of E n g l i s h v o c a b u l a r y i s i m p o s s i b l e t o q u a n t i f y .

C t h e r e are o b v i o u s l y m o r e t h a n t h r e e q u a r t e r s of a m i l l i o n w o r d s i n E n g l i s h .

D a fluent speaker would use 2 0 — 4 0 , 0 0 0 words. .

.

Task 3

—

Read the text below. Match choices (A— H) to (11 — 15). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

F I N D I N G T H E R I G H T CAREER T I P S A r e y o u t h i n k i n g of c h o o s i n g or c h a n g i n g y o u r c a r e e r ? M a y b e y o u h a v e b e e n d r e a m i n g a b o u t a c a r e e r c h a n g e b u t d o n ' t k n o w w h e r e t o s t a r t . P e r h a p s y o u ' r e g e t t i n g i n c r e a s i n g l y b o r e d at w o r k o r r e a l i z i n g t h a t o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r g r o w t h are l i m i t e d . R e g a r d l e s s of y o u r r e a s o n s , t h e r i g h t c a r e e r i s out there for everyone. Discover how to find the best career path for y o u , i n c l u d i n g finding the cour­ age to make a change, researching options, realizing your s t r e n g t h s , and learning n e w skills.

(11) S o h o w d o y o u t r a n s l a t e y o u r i n t e r e s t s i n t o a n e w c a r e e r ? W i t h a l i t t l e r e s e a r c h , y o u m a y be s u r ­ p r i s e d at t h e c a r e e r s t h a t r e l a t e t o m a n y o f t h e t h i n g s y o u l o v e t o d o .

M a n y o n l i n e t o o l s c a n g u i d e y o u t h r o u g h t h e p r o c e s s of s e l f - d i s c o v e r y . Q u e s t i o n s , q u i z z e s , a n d temperament sorters can't tell y o u what your perfect career would be, b u t they can help you identify w h a t ' s important to you in a career, what you enjoy doing, and where you excel.

(12) W h i l e y o u c a n g l e a n a l o t of i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m r e s e a r c h a n d q u i z z e s , t h e r e ' s n o s u b s t i t u t e f o r information from someone currently working in your chosen career. Talking to someone in the f i e l d g i v e s y o u a real s e n s e of w h a t t y p e of w o r k y o u w i l l a c t u a l l y b e d o i n g a n d if i t m e e t s y o u r e x p e c t a t i o n s . W h a t ' s m o r e , y o u w i l l s t a r t t o b u i l d c o n n e c t i o n s i n y o u r n e w c a r e e r area, h e l p ­ i n g y o u l a n d a j o b i n t h e f u t u r e . D o e s a p p r o a c h i n g o t h e r s l i k e t h i s s e e m i n t i m i d a t i n g ? It d o e s n ' t h a v e t o b e . N e t w o r k i n g a n d i n f o r m a t i o n a l i n t e r v i e w i n g are i m p o r t a n t s k i l l s t h a t c a n g r e a t l y further your career.

(13) Once y o u h a v e a g e n e r a l i d e a of y o u r c a r e e r p a t h , t a k e s o m e t i m e t o f i g u r e o u t w h a t s k i l l s y o u h a v e a n d w h a t s k i l l s y o u n e e d . R e m e m b e r , y o u ' r e n o t c o m p l e t e l y s t a r t i n g f r o m s c r a t c h — y o u al­ r e a d y h a v e s o m e s k i l l s t o s t a r t . T h e s e s k i l l s are c a l l e d t r a n s f e r a b l e s k i l l s , a n d t h e y c a n be a p p l i e d to almost any field.

(14) If y o u r c h o s e n c a r e e r r e q u i r e s s k i l l s or e x p e r i e n c e y o u l a c k , d o n ' t d e s p a i r . T h e r e are m a n y w a y s t o g a i n n e e d e d s k i l l s . W h i l e l e a r n i n g , y o u ' l l a l s o h a v e a n o p p o r t u n i t y t o f i n d o u t w h e t h e r or not you truly enjoy your chosen career and also make connections that could lead to your dream job.

T a k e c l a s s e s . S o m e f i e l d s r e q u i r e s p e c i f i c e d u c a t i o n or s k i l l s , s u c h a s a n e d u c a t i o n a l d e g r e e or specific training. Don't automatically rule out more education as impossible. Many fields have a c c e l e r a t e d p r o g r a m m e s i f y o u a l r e a d y h a v e s o m e e d u c a t i o n , o r y o u m a y b e able t o do n i g h t c l a s s e s or p a r t - t i m e s c h o o l i n g s o t h a t y o u c a n c o n t i n u e t o w o r k . S o m e c o m p a n i e s e v e n o f f e r t u i ­ t i o n r e i m b u r s e m e n t s i f y o u s t a y at t h e c o m p a n y a f t e r y o u f i n i s h y o u r e d u c a t i o n .

(15) Y o u m i g h t b e f e e l i n g s o b u s y w i t h t h e c a r e e r t r a n s i t i o n t h a t y o u b a r e l y h a v e t i m e t o s l e e p or e a t .

However, m a n a g i n g stress, eating right, and taking time for sleep, exercise and especially loved ones will ensure you h a v e the stamina for the big changes ahead.

T o m a k e a r i g h t choice of y o u r c a r e e r you h a v e t o A В C D E F G H

t a k e c a r e of y o u r s e l f . consider starting your own business. research specific careers. evaluate your strengths and skills. get support and information from others. identify occupations that match your interests. develop your skills and experience. pace yourself and don't take on too m u c h at once.

Task 4

—

_

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best fits each s p a c e (16—21). There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

OXFORD UNIVERSITY Oxford U n i v e r s i t y , founded i n 1 2 1 4 , is the oldest and best university i n Britain. Over 3 0 individual colleges (16) time from the 1 3

t h

, a n d e a c h h a s b e c o m e a f f i l i a t e d t o t h e c e n t r a l u n i v e r s i t y at d i f f e r e n t p o i n t s i n century up to today. There is no «campus» as such, but y o u will find some very

beautiful historic b u i l d i n g s t h a t are u s e d (17) — the Bodlean Library, the Radcliffe Camera, t h e S h e l d o n a i n T h e a t r e , t h e A s h m o l e a n M u s e u m i n t h e c e n t r e of O x f o r d . T h e i n d i v i d u a l c o l l e g e s are

s c a t t e r e d (18) . Each college is protected by a high wall, which is entered through the porter's l o d g e at t h e m a i n g a t e . T h e o n l y w a y t o s e e w h a t a c o l l e g e i s l i k e i s t o g o i n s i d e a f e w .

There are w a l k i n g t o u r s of t h e colleges, a n d t h e open-top buses g o on a continual t o u r round t h e t o w n ( w i t h y o u r t i c k e t y o u c a n g e t o n a n d o f f a t w i l l ) . Go o n (19) a n d off at t h o s e p l a c e s a n d c o l l e g e s t h a t t o o k y o u r f a n c y .

T h e t o w n of O x f o r d s t a n d s (20)

, t h e n go round again g e t t i n g on

, a n d t h e r i v e r i s a n i m p o r t a n t p a r t of t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i f e ,

particularly in s u m m e r time. The Oxford University Boat Race crew trains here in winter and in sum­ m e r , w h e n t h e l e s s s e r i o u s a n d m o r e s p e c t a c u l a r S u m m e r E i g h t s (21) A В C D E F G H _

.

with m a n y people from around the world take place one complete tour to g e t a general impression b y all t h e c o l l e g e s on the River Cherwell of t h e m a n y v a r i e t i e s around the centre as well make up the university —

Task 5 •

~—

:

Read the text below. For q u e s t i o n s (22—33) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

A f e l w a s o n l y a v e r y s m a l l b o y w h e n h e (22)

.

s a w s n o w . B u t i t w a s n ' t (23)

snow

t h a t h e s a w . N o , t h e r e w a s n o real s n o w (24) _ _ _ _ _ h e l i v e d . H e s a w t h e s n o w i n a p i c t u r e book. T h e book h a d l o t s of p i c t u r e s o f c h i l d r e n p l a y i n g i n b i g w h i t e f i e l d s . H e (25) his mother, «What are t h o s e w h i t e f i e l d s ? * a n d h i s m o t h e r l a u g h e d a n d s a i d , « T h a t ' s s n o w ! » S h e t r i e d t o e x p l a i n t o h i m w h a t s n o w w a s , b u t A f e l d i d n ' t r e a l l y u n d e r s t a n d . (26) there was rain where he lived, hut not very much, so it was very difficult for h i m to understand what this cold, ice rain that his mother described was.

H e d r e a m e d a b o u t s n o w all t h e t i m e , t r y i n g t o i m a g i n e h o w i t r e a l l y w a s .

T h e n , w h e n A f e l w a s t w e l v e y e a r s o l d , t h e f o l l o w i n g t h i n g h a p p e n e d . One d a y h e w a s w a t c h i n g TV at his uncle's house, and a programme came on, and there were people flying across the snow. They l o o k e d (27)

s t r a n g e a n i m a l s , o r f a n t a s t i c b i r d s . T h e y h a d h a t s w h i c h c o v e r e d all t h e i r h e a d s

a n d b i g g o g g l e s o v e r t h e i r e y e s . A n d o n t h e i r (28) , they had t h i n g s that looked like strange shoes. « W h a t are t h o s e ? * h e a s k e d h i s u n c l e e x c i t e d l y . « S k i s » , r e p l i e d h i s u n c l e , « a n d t h o s e p e o p l e are c a l l e d (29) *. A t t h a t m o m e n t , A f e l H e asked his uncle what the programme «The W i n t e r Olympics*, said h i s uncle. need snow — skiing, ice s k a t i n g , bobsleigh,

d e c i d e d . H e w a n t e d t o be a s k i e r . was.

«It's like the normal Olympics, but for sports where you t h o s e s o r t s of t h i n g s . T h e y h a v e i t e v e r y f o u r y e a r s * .

A f e l (30) o u t t h a t t h e n e x t W i n t e r O l y m p i c s w e r e i n V a n c o u v e r i n C a n a d a , i n 2010. « P e r f e c t * , h e t h o u g h t . « E n o u g h t i m e f o r m e t o b e c o m e a b r i l l i a n t s k i e r . T h e n I'll g o t o t h e W i n t e r Olympics, and w i n the gold medal for s k i i n g * . «But there's no s n o w here!* people told him. «Where are y o u g o i n g t o s k i ? » A f e l d i d n ' t c a r e . H e (31) h i m s e l f a p a i r of s k i s f r o m t w o p i e c e s of w o o d . H e t i e d t h e m to his feet and practised skiing holding two sticks in his hands. A t first he couldn't move, but he p r a c t i s e d , a n d p r a c t i s e d , a n d p r a c t i s e d u n t i l h e c o u l d m o v e q u i t e q u i c k l y a c r o s s t h e s a n d or t h e e a r t h where he lived. He tried to fly d o w n the hills like the people on TV, but he couldn't. He could only move slowly.

« N e v e r (32) », h e t h o u g h t . « I t ' s j u s t a s t a r t . . . » S o e v e r y n i g h t , o u t i n t h e m i d d l e of t h e d e s e r t , A f e l n o w p r a c t i s e s s k i i n g d o w n s a n d d u n e s . H e d r e a m s t h a t t h e y e l l o w s a n d a n d b r o w n e a r t h of t h e d e s e r t i s t h e w h i t e , w h i t e s n o w of t h e m o u n t a i n s h e s a w (33) t h e t e l e v i s i o n . H e d r e a m s t h a t t h e y e l l o w s a n d a n d b r o w n e a r t h are as g o l d as t h e m e d a l h e will b r i n g h o m e w i t h h i m , w h e n h e i s t h e w o r l d c h a m p i o n .

—

A

В

C

D

22

last

previous

next

first

23

factual

original

real

valid

24

where

when

how

what

25

replied

requested

asked

answered

26

However

Usually

Sometimes

So

27

like

as

such

so

28

hands

arms

heads

feet

29

skaters

skiers

swimmers

racers

30

found

knew

learned

looked

31

acted

performed

did

made

32

mind

be

see

say

33

out

of

in

on

—

—

_ _ _ _ ™ ~ _ _ _ - _ - Task 6

Read the text below. For questions (34—45) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

A l f r e d N o b e l , t h e m a n w h o i n v e n t e d d e a d l y e x p l o s i v e s , d e c i d e d to t r y a n d d o s o m e t h i n g g o o d w i t h all t h e m o n e y h e e a r n e d , a n d (34) p r i z e s t o p e o p l e w h o m a d e p r o g r e s s i n l i t e r a t u r e , s c i e n c e , eco­ n o m i c s a n d — p e r h a p s m o s t i m p o r t a n t l y — p e a c e . N o t all a w a r d s are as noble a s N o b e l ' s . E v e n t h o u g h m o s t c o u n t r i e s h a v e a s y s t e m f o r (35) and rewarding people who have done something good in t h e i r c o u n t r i e s , t h e r e are n o w h u n d r e d s of a w a r d s a n d a w a r d c e r e m o n i e s f o r all k i n d s of t h i n g s .

T h e O s c a r s are p r o b a b l y t h e m o s t f a m o u s , a t i m e f o r t h e A m e r i c a n f i l m i n d u s t r y t o t e l l (36)

h o w g o o d i t i s , a n a n n u a l o p p o r t u n i t y f o r l o t s of b i g s t a r s t o g i v e e a c h o t h e r a w a r d s a n d

m a k e t e a r f u l s p e e c h e s . (37) t h a t t h e r e are a l s o t h e G o l d e n G l o b e s , a p p a r e n t l y f o r t h e s a m e t h i n g . B u t i t ' s n o t o n l y f i l m s — n o w t h e r e are a l s o G r a m m i e s , B r i t s , t h e M e r c u r y P r i z e a n d t h e M T V and Q awards for music.

A w a r d s d o n ' t o n l y e x i s t f o r t h e a r t s . T h e r e are n o w a w a r d s f o r S p o r t s P e r s o n a l i t y of t h e Y e a r , f o r E u r o p e a n F o o t b a l l e r of t h e Y e a r a n d W o r l d F o o t b a l l e r of t h e Y e a r . T h i s (38)

very strange —

s o m e t i m e s a w a r d s c a n b e g o o d t o g i v e r e c o g n i t i o n t o p e o p l e w h o d e s e r v e i t , or t o h e l p p e o p l e w h o d o n ' t m a k e a l o t of m o n e y t o c a r r y o n t h e i r w o r k w i t h o u t (39) W h y (40)

about finances.

all t h e s e a w a r d s a n d c e r e m o n i e s a p p e a r e d r e c e n t l y ? S h a k e s p e a r e n e v e r

(41)

a p r i z e , n o r d i d L e o n a r d o da V i n c i or A d a m S m i t h or C h a r l e s D i c k e n s .

It w o u l d be p o s s i b l e t o s a y , h o w e v e r , t h a t i n t h e p a s t , s c i e n t i s t s a n d a r t i s t s c o u l d w i n «patronage» f r o m r i c h people — a k i n g or a l o r d c o u l d g i v e t h e a r t i s t or s c i e n t i s t m o n e y t o h a v e t h e m p a i n t t h e i r p a l a c e s or h e l p t h e m d e v e l o p n e w w a y s of m a k i n g m o n e y . W i t h t h e c h a n g e i n s o c i a l s y s t e m s across t h e w o r l d , t h i s n o l o n g e r (42) . A l o t of s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h i s n o w f u n d e d (43) by the state or b y p r i v a t e c o m p a n i e s . P e r h a p s a w a r d c e r e m o n i e s are j u s t t h e m o s t r e c e n t f a c e of t h i s p r o c e s s .

H o w e v e r , t h e r e i s m o r e t o i t t h a n t h a t . W h e n a f i l m w i n s a n Oscar, m a n y m o r e p e o p l e g o a n d s e e i t , or b u y t h e D V D . W h e n a w r i t e r w i n s t h e N o b e l p r i z e , m a n y m o r e p e o p l e b u y h i s b o o k s . W h e n a g r o u p wins the MTV awards, the ceremony (44) by hundreds of thousands of people across the w o r l d . The r e s u l t ? T h e g r o u p s e l l s l o t s m o r e r e c o r d s .

Most awards ceremonies (45) b y b i g o r g a n i z a t i o n s or c o m p a n i e s . T h i s m e a n s t h a t i t i s not only the person who wins the award who benefits — but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for e x a m p l e , are g r e a t for p u b l i c i s i n g n o t o n l y m u s i c , b u t also M T V i t s e l f !

A

Đ’

C

D

34

give

gave

given

are given

35

honour

honours

honoured

honouring

36

itself

herself

himself

its

37

Because of

In spite of

A s well as

In order to

38

seem

seems

seemed

is seem

39

worry

to worry

worring

worrying

40

have

has

had

having

41

win

won

has won

be won

42

to happen

happen

happens

happening

43

both

or

neither

either

44

seen

be seen

is seen

sees

45

is sponsored

are sponsored

be sponsored

will sponsor

Writing 46

Look a t M e g ' s d i a r y f o r n e x t w e e k e n d ; t h e n u s e t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n a n d t h e p l a n b e l o w t o w r i t e a s h o r t l e t t e r ( a t l e a s t 100 w o r d s ) f r o m M e g t o h e r f r i e n d L a r r y t e l l i n g a b o u t h e r p l a n s .

Friday,

Stay

23

Saturday,

24

Sunday,

25

at the Earl's

Inn hotel in city centre,

London.

In the morning: visit some of London's museums.

In the afternoon: shop in Oxford Street in the West End, find some bargains Shop.

In the evening: have dinner at Planet Hollywood in Piccadilly — a really place with tasty food and great music.

Catch

10 o'clock

train

back to

Liverpool.

PLAN Introduction Para

1:

Salutations and greetings; opening remarks and reasons for w r i t i n g .

M a i n body Para Para

2: 3:

Some words about your accommodation.

Telling about y o u r plans for the morning, daytime and the e v e n i n g .

Conclusion Para

4:

C l o s i n g r e m a r k s , p o l i t e e n d i n g {Best

wishes/Love/etc.)

and your signature.

in Top popular

Reading — _ і — — —__, Read the text below. Match choices (A— H) to (1—5). There are three choices you don't need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

T

a

s

k

T H E P O W E R OF L U C K F o r c e n t u r i e s , p e o p l e h a v e r e c o g n i z e d t h e p o w e r of l u c k a n d h a v e d o n e w h a t e v e r t h e y c o u l d t o s e i z e i t . S u c h s u p e r s t i t i o n s a s k n o c k i n g o n w o o d or l o o k i n g f o r a f o u r - l e a f c l o v e r a i m e d at r e c e i v i n g help from powerful gods.

(1)

A n d can w e actually do a n y t h i n g to attract good luck?

L u c k y p e o p l e , a s p s y c h o l o g i s t s s a y , g e t t h a t w a y v i a s o m e b a s i c p r i n c i p l e s — t a k i n g c h a n c e oppor­ tunities; creating self-fulfilling prediction through positive expectations; and adopting a flexible attitude that t u r n s bad luck around.

Let's take chance opportunities, for example: lucky people regularly have them; unlucky people don't.

(2)

Lucky people see what is there rather than just what they're looking for.

A n o t h e r i m p o r t a n t p r i n c i p l e c o n c e r n s t h e w a y i n w h i c h l u c k y a n d u n l u c k y p e o p l e deal w i t h m i s ­ fortune. Imagine representing your country in the Olympics.

(3)

N o w i m a g i n e the second Olympics. This t i m e y o u do e v e n better and w i n a silver medal.

H o w h a p p y d o y o u t h i n k y o u ' d f e e l ? M o s t of u s t h i n k w e ' d be h a p p i e r a f t e r w i n n i n g t h e s i l v e r medal.

B u t research s u g g e s t s athletes w h o w i n bronze medals are actually happier. This i s because sil­ v e r m e d a l i s t s t h i n k t h a t if t h e y ' d p e r f o r m e d s l i g h t l y b e t t e r , t h e y m i g h t h a v e w o n a g o l d m e d a l .

I n c o n t r a s t , b r o n z e m e d a l i s t s f o c u s o n h o w if t h e y ' d p e r f o r m e d s l i g h t l y w o r s e , t h e y w o u l d n ' t h a v e w o n a n y t h i n g . P s y c h o l o g i s t s call t h i s a b i l i t y t o i m a g i n e w h a t m i g h t h a v e h a p p e n e d , r a t h e r t h a n w h a t a c t u a l l y h a p p e n e d , « c o u n t e r - f a c t u a l * t h i n k i n g . T h i s k i n d of t h i n k i n g m a k e s p e o p l e f e e l b e t t e r a b o u t t h e m s e l v e s , k e e p s e x p e c t a t i o n s h i g h , a n d i n c r e a s e s t h e c h a n c e of c o n t i n u i n g t o live a lucky life.

(4)

The researchers answer in the affirmative. A n experiment was held during which the p a r t i c i p a n t s w e r e t a u g h t h o w t o b e m o r e o p e n t o o p p o r t u n i t i e s a r o u n d t h e m , h o w t o break r o u ­ t i n e s , and how to deal w i t h bad luck by i m a g i n i n g t h i n g s being worse. They were asked to carry out specific exercises for a m o n t h and t h e n report back.

(5)

8 0 p e r c e n t w e r e h a p p i e r a n d m o r e s a t i s f i e d w i t h t h e i r l i v e s — a n d l u c k i e r . One « u n ­ lucky* lady said that after making her attitude more positive — expecting good fortune, not s t r e s s i n g o n t h e n e g a t i v e — h e r b a d l u c k h a d d i s a p p e a r e d . One d a y , s h e w e n t s h o p p i n g a n d f o u n d a dress she liked. But she didn't buy it, and w h e n she returned to t h e store in a week, it was gone.

I n s t e a d of s l i n k i n g a w a y d i s a p p o i n t e d , s h e l o o k e d a r o u n d a n d f o u n d a b e t t e r d r e s s — a n d f o r l e s s price. E v e n t s like that made her a m u c h happier person.

Her experience s h o w s how t h o u g h t s and behaviour affect the good and bad fortune we encounter.

It p r o v e s t h a t t h e e f f e c t i v e w a y of t a k i n g a d v a n t a g e of t h e p o w e r of l u c k i s a v a i l a b l e t o all of u s .

A

U n l u c k y people m i s s chance opportunities because they're too busy looking for something else. В Again, the unlucky people missed it.

C Does this technique work?

D Can t h o u g h t s a n d b e h a v i o u r e n h a n c e g o o d f o r t u n e ?

Б F G II

So w h y do we pass this and other superstitions down from generation to generation?

On a v e r a g e , u n l u c k y p e o p l e s p e n t a b o u t t w o m i n u t e s o n t h i s e x e r c i s e ; The results were dramatic: You compete, do well, and w i n a bronze medal.

Task

2

Read the text below. For questions (6—10) c h o o s e the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

W i l l i a m H e n r y G a t e s III w a s b o r n o n 28 October 1 9 5 5 . H e i s o n e o f t h e w o r l d ' s r i c h e s t p e o p l e a n d p e r h a p s t h e m o s t s u c c e s s f u l b u s i n e s s m a n e v e r . H e c o - f o u n d e d t h e s o f t w a r e g i a n t Microsoft and t u r n e d i t into t h e world's largest software company. He i s t h e b e s t - k n o w n entrepreneur of t h e PC revolution. He h a s also w r i t t e n t w o best-selling books and started h i s o w n charity w i t h h i s wife.

Gates was fascinated w i t h electronics from a y o u n g age. In 1 9 7 5 h e read about a small technology company. He contacted t h e m to see if they were interested in a computer program he had written.

T h i s l e d t o t h e c r e a t i o n o f Microsoft.

G a t e s l a t e r s t r u c k a d e a l w i t h I B M t h a t p u t Microsoft's Win­ dows o n I B M c o m p u t e r s . T h i s d e a l m a d e Microsoft a m a j o r p l a y e r i n t h e IT i n d u s t r y .

G a t e s w a s i n c h a r g e a t Microsoft from 1 9 7 5 until 2006. H e w a s an active software developer at t h e beginning. He had a vision t h a t computers could change everyone's life. H e helped to make this vision come true and developed m a n y products that are n o w part of modern life. H i s m a n a g e m e n t style h a s been studied and copied around t h e world.

G a t e s s t e p p e d d o w n a s Microsoft CEO i n J u n e 2 0 0 8 . H e n o w s p e n d s h i s t i m e w i t h h i s w i f e , M e l i n da, f o c u s i n g o n t h e i r c h a r i t a b l e f o u n d a t i o n . T h e y p r o v i d e f u n d s f o r g l o b a l p r o b l e m s t h a t are i g n o r e d by g o v e r n m e n t s and other o r g a n i z a t i o n s . Time m a g a z i n e v o t e d Gates as one of t h e b i g g e s t influences of t h e 2 0 c e n t u r y . th

6

What is the best title for this text?

A T h e C r e a t i o n o f Microsoft > В Gate's Family Life.

C Bill G a t e s : t h e S t o r y o f S u c c e s s .

D Bill Gates: t h e Early Years.

7

Bill Gates A is the world's richest man. В founded the software giant Microsoft.

C t u r n e d Microsoft into the world's largest software company.

D has written many best-selling books.

8

W h e n did Gates start being interested in electronics?

A When he was rather young. В A f t e r h e read a b o u t a s m a l l t e c h n o l o g y c o m p a n y .

C Since 1 9 7 5 .

D While studying at the University.

9

A c c o r d i n g t o t h e t e x t , Microsoft b e c a m e a m a j o r p l a y e r i n t h e IT i n d u s t r y d u e t o A Gate's interest in electronics. В cooperation with a small technology company.

C t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e IT i n d u s t r y .

D t h e c o n t r a c t w i t h I B M t h a t p u t Microsoft's Windows on IBM computers.

10 G a t e s b e l i e v e d t h a t A software doesn't need further development. В computers could influence people's life.

C t h e importance of c o m p u t e r s i s doubtful.

D h e w a s n ' t c o m p e t e n t e n o u g h t o be i n c h a r g e a t

Microsoft.

.._

ш

x k з as

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (11—15). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

H O W TO M A K E Y O U R F L I G H T E A S I E R H a v e y o u f l o w n l a t e l y ? F r o m b u y i n g t i c k e t s t o b o a r d i n g a p l a n e , i t ' s a n e w w o r l d o u t t h e r e . In­ c r e a s e d s e c u r i t y , f e w e r f l i g h t s , e a r l i e r c h e c k - i n s , l u g g a g e l i m i t a t i o n s : e v e n if y o u ' r e n o t a f e a r f u l f l i e r , g e t t i n g f r o m p o i n t A t o p o i n t В s t i l l c a n be s t r e s s f u l . H e r e ' s w h a t I d i d t o m a k e a r e c e n t t r i p e a s i e r . C o n s i d e r t a k i n g s o m e of t h e s e s t e p s t h e n e x t t i m e y o u f l y : (11) Y o u ' l l b e s h o w n a s c h e m a of t h e i n t e r i o r of t h e p l a n e w i t h a v a i l a b l e s e a t s i n d i c a t e d . Click o n t h e one you want, and its location is recorded. That way, you w o n ' t arrive at the gate without a seat assignment and end up in the middle seat.

(12) S i n c e I w a s f l y i n g o n N o r t h w e s t A i r l i n e s — t h e f i r s t a i r l i n e t o o f f e r t h i s o p t i o n — I w e n t t o t h e Self-Service Check-In p a g e o n t h e airline's site, keyed in m y e-ticket pass code, and printed m y boarding pass from m y home computer 30 hours before take-off time. The boarding pass bears t h e t r a v e l l e r ' s n a m e , f l i g h t i n f o r m a t i o n , a n d a bar c o d e t h e f l i g h t a t t e n d a n t s c a n s a t t h e g a t e .

S i n c e I h a d n o c h e c k - i n l u g g a g e , h a v i n g t h e b o a r d i n g p a s s a h e a d of t i m e s p a r e d m e f r o m w a i t i n g i n a c h e c k - i n l i n e or at t h e g a t e t o a c q u i r e o n e .

Bringing a downloaded boarding pass to the airport can spare you from h a v i n g to wait in the check-in line.

(13) One of t h e s t r e s s o r s of f l y i n g — e s p e c i a l l y w h e n y o u m u s t c h a n g e p l a n e s — i s w o r r y i n g w h e t h e r y o u r l u g g a g e w i l l a r r i v e t h e s a m e t i m e y o u d o . If i t ' s a s h o r t t r i p , p r e p a r e d o w n t o t h e bare e s s e n ­ t i a l s a n d j u s t t a k e a w h e e l e d c a r r y - o n t h a t m e e t s y o u r a i r l i n e ' s s i z e r e q u i r e m e n t . In m o s t loca­ t i o n s , y o u c a n b u y w h a t y o u n e e d w h e n y o u a r r i v e . If y o u m u s t b r i n g m o r e s t u f f a l o n g , c o n s i d e r s e n d i n g i t a h e a d v i a F e d E x . It w o n ' t s a v e y o u m o n e y , b u t i t w i l l g i v e y o u p e a c e of m i n d — a n d free you from dragging that suitcase everywhere.

(14) P a r k i n g at a n a i r p o r t c a n b e e x p e n s i v e . A n d a s k i n g s o m e o n e e l s e t o d r i v e y o u t h e r e c a n b e i n c o n v e n i e n t . I n m a n y c i t i e s , m a s s t r a n s i t i s n o n - e x i s t e n t or i m p r a c t i c a l f o r s o m e o n e w i t h a suitcase. A l t h o u g h I could have taken a taxi on the street where I live, I instead arranged for a private car the day before. The driver arrived a few m i n u t e s early i n a perfect black sedan and h e l p e d m e w i t h m y l u g g a g e . I w a s a b l e t o p u t t h e $ 5 0 c h a r g e ( w h i c h i n c l u d e d f e e a n d t i p ) on m y credit card, helpful for record-keeping.

(15) T h a t m e a n s t o c o m e t o t h e a i r p o r t w e l l b e f o r e y o u r f l i g h t d e p a r t s . F o r m y d o m e s t i c f l i g h t , 7 5 m i n u t e s w a s r e c o m m e n d e d . If y o u ' r e d e p a r t i n g f r o m a l a r g e a i r p o r t , a d d 1 5 m i n u t e s t o t h a t .

I t ' s u s u a l l y l o n g e r if y o u r f l i g h t g o e s o v e r s e a s .

In o r d e r t o m a k e y o u r f l i g h t l e s s s t r e s s f u l y o u s h o u l d , A print out your boarding pass before you leave home. В

arrive at the airport on t i m e .

C

bring s o m e t h i n g to eat from home.

D

take carry-on l u g g a g e — and send the rest ahead.

E

select your seat online.

F

pack y o u r o w n «care p a c k a g e * b e f o r e y o u l e a v e h o m e .

G h i r e a c a r f o r y o u r trip, t o t h e a i r p o r t .

H avoid the middle seat by buying your ticket early.

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best fits each s p a c e (16—21). There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN In G r e a t B r i t a i n e d u c a t i o n i s c o m p u l s o r y f o r all c h i l d r e n (16) . T h e r e are t h r e e s t a g e s in education. The first stage is primary education; the second is secondary education; the third is f u r t h e r e d u c a t i o n (17) . B e f o r e 5 s o m e c h i l d r e n a t t e n d N u r s e r y S c h o o l s , w h i l e m o s t chil­ d r e n s t a r t t h e i r b a s i c e d u c a t i o n i n a n I n f a n t S c h o o l w h i c h i s t h e f i r s t s t a g e of p r i m a r y e d u c a t i o n . In I n f a n t S c h o o l s c h i l d r e n d o n ' t h a v e real c l a s s e s . T h e y g e t a c q u a i n t e d w i t h t h e c l a s s r o o m , d e s k s , t h e y m o s t l y p l a y a n d l e a r n t h r o u g h p l a y i n g . F r o m 7 t o 11 t h e y a t t e n d J u n i o r S c h o o l s , t h e s e c o n d s t a g e of p r i m a r y e d u c a t i o n . In P r i m a r y S c h o o l s c h i l d r e n are t a u g h t t h e s o - c a l l e d 3 R ' s — (18) , as w e l l as elementary science and i n f o r m a t i o n technology. They also have m u s i c , physical training and art classes.

A t the age of eleven children transfer to Comprehensive Schools. These schools (19) , and a w i d e r a n g e of a c a d e m i c c o u r s e s l e a d i n g t o t h e p u b l i c e x a m i n a t i o n s t a k e n a t 1 6 . T h e y a l s o p r o v i d e some vocational courses.

A f t e r f i v e y e a r s of s e c o n d a r y e d u c a t i o n , p u p i l s t a k e t h e G e n e r a l C e r t i f i c a t e of S e c o n d a r y Educa­ t i o n e x a m i n a t i o n . P u p i l s t a k e « О - l e v e l s » — O r d i n a r y l e v e l s — i n a s m a n y s u b j e c t s (20) ; s o m e t a k e j u s t o n e or t w o , o t h e r s t a k e a s m a n y as n i n e or t e n . If y o u g e t g o o d «О-level» r e s u l t s , y o u c a n s t a y o n a t s c h o o l u n t i l y o u are 18. H e r e y o u p r e p a r e f o r A d v a n c e d L e v e l E x a m s ( « A - l e v e l s » ) .

Three good «А-level» e x a m s lead to universities.

H i g h e r e d u c a t i o n b e g i n s a t 18 a n d u s u a l l y l a s t s f o r t h r e e or f o u r y e a r s . S t u d e n t s g o t o u n i v e r s i ­ t i e s , p o l y t e c h n i c s o r c o l l e g e s . T h e l e a d i n g u n i v e r s i t i e s i n E n g l a n d are O x f o r d , C a m b r i d g e a n d Lon­ d o n . A f t e r t h r e e y e a r s of s t u d y , a s t u d e n t r e c e i v e s a B a c h e l o r ' s d e g r e e . S o m e m a y c o n t i n u e t h e i r s t u d i e s f o r t w o or m o r e y e a r s t o g e t t h e i r (21) .

B r i t i s h e d u c a t i o n h a s m a n y d i f f e r e n t f a c e s b u t o n e g o a l . I t s a i m i s t o r e a l i s e t h e p o t e n t i a l of all f o r t h e g o o d of t h e i n d i v i d u a l a n d s o c i e t y a s a w h o l e .

A В C D E F G H

m i g h t be interested a t u n i v e r s i t y or c o l l e g e give general education t h e q u a n t i t y of t r a n s m i t t e d i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m 5 t o 16 y e a r s o l d Master's and Doctor's degrees as t h e y w a n t t o reading, writing and arithmetic Task 5 •

1

———

1

1

——

Read the text below. For questions (22—33) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or •>). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

THE NEW AMERICAN PRESIDENT B a r a c k O b a m a i s t h e n e w P r e s i d e n t (22) t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s of A m e r i c a . H e is t h e f i r s t A f r i c a n - A m e r i c a n t o w i n t h e (23)

for t h e W h i t e H o u s e . O b a m a ' s c h a r i s m a , i n t e l l i g e n c e , a n d

p o w e r f u l s p e e c h e s h a v e m a d e h i m e x t r e m e l y (24) with many Americans. He has been very successful with his message for change.

Obama w a s b o r n i n H a w a i i i n 1961 t o a b l a c k K e n y a n f a t h e r a n d w h i t e A m e r i c a n m o t h e r . H i s p a r e n t s (25) 1967. H e (27) (28)

a n d h i s m o t h e r m a r r i e d a n I n d o n e s i a n m a n . B a r a c k ' s f a m i l y (26)

to Indonesia in

s c h o o l s i n J a k a r t a u n t i l h e w a s t e n y e a r s old, w h e n h e r e t u r n e d t o H a w a i i . Obama i n p o l i t i c a l s c i e n c e a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s at C o l u m b i a U n i v e r s i t y i n N e w York.

(29)

f o u r y e a r s i n N e w Y o r k , O b a m a m o v e d t o C h i c a g o . T h e r e , h e w o r k e d as t h e d i r e c t o r

of a c o m m u n i t y p r o j e c t f r o m 1 9 8 5 t o 1 9 8 8 . H e ( 3 0 ) _ _ _ _ _ H a r v a r d L a w S c h o o l a n d b e c a m e t h e f i r s t black p r e s i d e n t of t h e H a r v a r d L a w R e v i e w . O b a m a ( 3 1 ) l a w a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y of C h i c a g o Law School for twelve years. He became an Illinois Senator in 1 9 9 6 .

Obama w a s e l e c t e d t o t h e U S ( 3 2 ) in 2 0 0 4 . He became t h e fifth African-American Sena­ tor in the U S history. H e supported legislation on conservation, energy, immigration and honest leadership. In November 2 0 0 8 , he (33) a very hard-fought campaign battle.

J o h n McCain to become America's 4 4

t h

President in

A

В

C

D

22

at

on

off

of

23

game

race

match

contest

24

like

favoured

special

popular

25

divorced

parted

divided

left

26

left

changed

moved

escaped

27

go

come

attended

studied

28

majored

liked

good

interested

29

Before

During

After

Thereafter

30

studied

learned

came

entered

31

had

worked

described

taught

32

House of Commons

House of Lords

Senate

Supreme Council

33

defeated

won

lost

vanished

,—,—„

.

„_____ T

a

s

k

б

—

Read the text below. For questions ( 3 4 — 4 5 ) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

THE FROG IN THE WELL There was a frog that (34) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in a shallow well.

«Look h o w w e l l o f f I a m here!» h e ( 3 5 ) (36)

a b i g t u r t l e f r o m t h e E a s t e r n Ocean. «I c a n

a l o n g t h e c o p i n g of t h e w e l l w h e n I g o ( 3 7 )

, and rest by a crevice in the bricks on

m y r e t u r n . I c a n w a l l o w t o m y h e a r t ' s c o n t e n t w i t h o n l y m y h e a d a b o v e w a t e r , or ( 3 8 ) ankle d e e p t h r o u g h s o f t m u d . N o c r a b s or t a d p o l e s c a n c o m p a r e w i t h m e . I a m t h e m a s t e r of t h e w a t e r a n d t h e l o r d of t h i s s h a l l o w w e l l . ( 3 9 )

more can a fellow ask? W h y don't you come here more

often to have a good time? » Before the turtle from t h e Eastern Ocean could get his left foot into the well, (40)

, he

(41) his right claw on something. So he halted and stepped back, t h e n began (42) the ocean to the frog. « I t ' s m o r e t h a n a t h o u s a n d m i l e s a c r o s s a n d m o r e t h a n t e n thous.and f e e t d e e p . In a n c i e n t t i m e s t h e r e w e r e f l o o d s n i n e y e a r s o u t of t e n , y e t t h e w a t e r i n t h e o c e a n ( 4 3 ) .

A n d later t h e r e w e r e d r o u g h t s s e v e n y e a r s o u t of e i g h t , y e t t h e w a t e r i n t h e ocean h a s n e v e r g r o w n l e s s . It r e m a i n e d q u i t e c o n s t a n t t h r o u g h o u t t h e a g e s . T h a t i s w h y I'd ( 4 4 ) Ocean».

T h e n t h e frog i n t h e shallow well w a s silent and felt a little (45)

live in the Eastern .

Đ?

Đ’

C

D

34

live

lived

living

lives

35

tell

told

telling

has told

36

hop

to hop

hopping

hopped

37

in

out

from

behind

38

to stroll

stroll

strolling

strolled

39

Which

Who

Why

What

40

however

furthermore

moreover

thus

41

catch

catched

caught

caughted

42

describe

description

to describe

described

43

have never increased

has never increased

is never increased

never increased

44

rather

rather to

prefer

like

45

shame

ashame

ashamed

ashaming

Writing 46

I m a g i n e t h a t y o u v i s i t e d La Monte r e s t a u r a n t l a s t F r i d a y , b u t y o u w e r e n ' t p l e a s e d w i t h t h e s e r v i c e , t h e q u a l i t y o f f o o d or t h e p r i c e s . U s e t h e p l a n b e l o w t o w r i t e y o u r l e t t e r o f c o m p l a i n t (at least 100 words).

PLAN Introduction Para 1: S a l u t a t i o n a n d r e a s o n s f o r w r i t i n g (I'm writing

to complain

about...).

Main body Para

2:

Motivation for complaint: • waiters very slow — wait too long • pasta — too spicy • pizza — cold • get bill — surprised: too expensive Conclusion Para 3: C l i e n t ' s e x p e c t a t i o n s : I expect/apology for the spoiled evening Hope/improve service/reduce prices or else you can lose customers Para 4: P o l i t e e n d i n g (Yours faithfully/sincerely/etc.) and your signature.

Reading . _

_

___—„—

T a s k

1

„ _

—

.—

R e a d t h e text b e l o w . M a t c h c h o i c e s (A—H) t o ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are t h r e e c h o i c e s y o u d o not n e e d to u s e .

Write your a n s w e r s o n t h e s e p a r a t e a n s w e r s h e e t .

W H Y YOU SHOULD BE TOLERANT OF OTHERS

(1) T o l e r a n c e is m a i n l y k n o w n a s a w i l l i n g n e s s t o a c c e p t o t h e r s a n d t h e i r b e l i e f s , e v e n if y o u d o n ' t n e c e s s a r i l y a g r e e w i t h t h e m . T h a t ' s w h y t o l e r a n c e i s o f t e n u s e d i n t e r m s of r e l i g i o n («I d o n ' t a g r e e w i t h h i s b e l i e f s , b u t I ' m t o l e r a n t o f t h e m * . ) b u t I l i k e t o t h i n k of i t m o r e b r o a d l y .

W h e n I'm stuck on a train beside someone, that's driving m e n u t s , I don't want to cause a scene b y t e l l i n g t h e m t o s h u t u p a n d f i n d a n e w s e a t . W h e n I ' m at a - f a m i l y g a t h e r i n g b e i n g b o m b a r d e d b y s t o r i e s t h a t I ' v e a l r e a d y h e a r d a t t h e l a s t f i v e f a m i l y g a t h e r i n g s , I d o n ' t w a n t t o u p s e t m y rela­ t i v e s b y b e i n g r u d e . I w a n t t o be t o l e r a n t of o t h e r s a n d s t i l l k e e p m y s a n i t y .

H e r e are a f e w t i p s t h a t c a n h e l p y o u t o be m o r e t o l e r a n t of o t h e r s .

(2) I t ' s r e a l l y e a s y t o b l o w s o m e o n e o f f as s o o n a s t h e y s t r i k e u p a c o n v e r s a t i o n w i t h y o u — a l m o s t l i k e you're mentally rolling your eyes even t h o u g h you're nodding politely. For once, listen to what t h e y ' r e s a y i n g — r e a l l y l i s t e n . D o n ' t b e p u t off b y t h e i r a p p e a r a n c e or t h e f a c t t h a t s o m e o n e e l s e t o l d y o u t h e y ' r e w e i r d a l i t t l e . L i s t e n t o t h e m , at l e a s t f o r a w h i l e — w e all w a n t t o be heard.

(3) N o w t h a t y o u ' r e l i s t e n i n g t o s o m e o n e , r e s i s t t h e u r g e t o t o t a l l y d i s c o u n t w h a t t h e y ' r e s a y i n g be­ c a u s e it s o u n d s « f u n n y » o r « w e i r d » t o y o u . If y o u ' r e n o t t o t a l l y s u r e a b o u t t h e p o i n t t h e y ' r e t r y ­ i n g to make, ask t h e m q u e s t i o n s . Try to understand w h a t they're telling y o u — maybe they aren't g e t t i n g t h e i r p o i n t a c r o s s a s c l e a r l y a s t h e y t h i n k t h e y are.

(4) Y o u m i g h t n o t a g r e e w i t h t h e p e r s o n a n d t h e i r b e l i e f s or o p i n i o n s , a n d t h a t ' s o k a y . W e ' r e all dif­ ferent. That definitely doesn't mean y o u have to become best buddies and s w i t c h over to their way of t h i n k i n g , b u t o n c e y o u a c c e p t t h a t i t ' s o k a y t o « a g r e e t o d i s a g r e e * i t s h o u l d be a l o t e a s i e r t o have discussions w i t h people.

(5) Y e a h , i t c a n b e , s o m e t i m e s . A l t h o u g h b e c o m i n g m o r e t o l e r a n t of o t h e r s w i l l a l l o w y o u t o g e t o u t of your comfort zone and possibly expand your social circle, you m i g h t realize that you really enjoy s o m e o n e ' s c o m p a n y — s o m e o n e t h a t y o u w o u l d h a v e a v o i d e d if y o u h a d n ' t t r i e d t o l i s t e n t o t h e m and u n d e r s t a n d t h e m .

(By Steve Scott) A В C D E F G H

Always Have a Plan Agree to Disagree Listen Carefully W i t h o u t J u m p i n g to Conclusions W h a t is Tolerance?

Tolerance and Patience Is It E n j o y a b l e t o B e T o l e r a n t ?

Lack of T o l e r a n c e Try to U n d e r s t a n d the Other Person's Point of View

Task

2

—

Read the text below. For questions (6—10) c h o o s e the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

W h e n s t u d e n t s u n d e r s t a n d t h e c o n n e c t i o n b e t w e e n s c h o o l a n d t h e w i d e r w o r l d of f u t u r e e a r n i n g s , t h e y do more homework!

I n a s t u d y b y t h e U n i v e r s i t y of M i c h i g a n of 6 0 0 m i d d l e - s c h o o l s t u d e n t s t h e r e s e a r c h e s f o u n d t h a t , w h e n students were asked to consider w h a t they w a n t e d to do i n future before t h e y were g i v e n home­ work, they were far more likely to do t h e homework that n i g h t .

T h e r e s e a r c h e r s also f o u n d t h a t s t u d e n t s w h o s a w c o l l e g e e d u c a t i o n a s p a r t of t h e i r career p a t h w e r e u p to e i g h t t i m e s m o r e l i k e l y t o d o e x t r a h o m e w o r k . O b v i o u s l y , m i d d l e - s c h o o l s t u d e n t s are able t o m a k e t h e c o n n e c t i o n b e t w e e n s c h o o l w o r k a n d f u t u r e e a r n i n g s , a n d o n l y n e e d e d t o be r e m i n d e d of this connection to become more motivated to learn.

W i t h y o u n g e r s t u d e n t s , t h e c o n n e c t i o n m i g h t n o t b e s o o b v i o u s , b u t t h e r e are o t h e r c o n n e c t i o n s t h a t c a n be m a d e . F o r i n s t a n c e , y o u n g e r s t u d e n t s c a n b e t o l d t h a t if t h e y w a n t t o be l i k e o n e of t h e i r a c t i o n h e r o e s , t h e y n e e d t o w o r k h a r d i n s c h o o l . M o s t s p o r t s p e r s o n a l i t i e s ( h o w e v e r n o t all!) are e x c e l ­ lent role models for y o u n g children and often work i n schools to e n c o u r a g e children to learn and do well.

B u t how often do w e m a k e sure t h a t children u n d e r s t a n d t h e connection b e t w e e n school and life?

T o o o f t e n t e a c h e r s a n d p a r e n t s c o n c e n t r a t e o n s h o r t - t e r m o b j e c t i v e s — t h e n e x t t e s t , t h e n e x t learn­ i n g b e n c h m a r k — r a t h e r t h a n g i v i n g c h i l d r e n t h e b i g g e r p i c t u r e of w h y t h e y are i n s c h o o l .

Researchers u s e d to ask children w h y they had to learn to read. The a n s w e r s t h e y g o t were amaz­ i n g . S o m e c h i l d r e n s a i d t h e y h a d t o l e a r n t o r e a d « b e c a u s e t h e t e a c h e r s a y s s o » , or « b e c a u s e m y par­ e n t s w a n t m e t o ». It t o o k s o m e t i m e t o t e l l a n d s h o w t h e m t h a t t e a c h e r s w e r e n o t m a k i n g t h e m l e a r n t o r e a d f o r t h e s a k e of r e a d i n g , b u t s o t h a t t h e y c o u l d l e a r n m o r e a n d b e c o m e c l e v e r e n o u g h t o g e t a g o o d job w h e n t h e y l e f t s c h o o l . T h e c h i l d r e n w e r e q u i t e s u r p r i s e d b y t h i s n e w w a y of l o o k i n g at t h e r e a s o n f o r l e a r n i n g t o r e a d a n d m o s t of t h e m w e r e m o r e m o t i v a t e d t o l e a r n as a r e s u l t .

6

T h e m a i n i d e a of t h e t e x t i s t h a t A there is a connection between school and work. В t h e U n i v e r s i t y of M i c h i g a n s t u d i e d 600 m i d d l e - s c h o o l s t u d e n t s .

C motivated students show better results.

D all t h e s c h o o l c h i l d r e n t h i n k a b o u t t h e i r f u t u r e .

7

W h i c h of t h e s t u d e n t s are m o r e l i k e l y t o do e x t r a h o m e w o r k ?

A Most hard-working students. В T h e s t u d e n t s w h o are g o i n g t o c o l l e g e a f t e r s c h o o l .

C AH t h e s t u d e n t s .

D N o n e of t h e s t u d e n t s .

8

According to the text, middle-school students A have no difficulties in m a k i n g the connection between school work and future earnings. В are n e e d e d t o be r e m i n d e d of t h e c o n n e c t i o n b e t w e e n s c h o o l a n d f u t u r e w o r k .

C c a n ' t be m o t i v a t e d b y f u t u r e e a r n i n g s .

D u n d e r s t a n d t h e i m p o r t a n c e of s e c o n d a r y e d u c a t i o n .

9

T h e a u t h o r of t h e t e x t b e l i e v e s t h a t A t h e k n o w l e d g e a s s e s s m e n t c a n be a g o o d m o t i v a t i o n t o l e a r n . В motivation is not the most important thing in studying.

C teachers and parents mistakenly concentrate on short-term objectives.

D showing the n e x t learning benchmark is mostly important.

10 As A В C D

the researchers found out, the main motive w h y children learn to read is _ they like reading. t o b e c o m e c l e v e r e n o u g h t o g e t a g o o d job w h e n t h e y l e a v e s c h o o l . to learn more. to please their parents and teachers.

Task 3 —

—

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (11—15). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

{11) N a t i o n a l G e o g r a p h i c Society C e l e b r a t i n g i t s 1 2 0 t h y e a r , t h e i c o n i c a n d b e l o v e d National Geographic Society i s o n e of t h e l a r g ­ est, most well-funded and most prominent environmental organizations. Focusing on scienceb a s e d r e s e a r c h a n d g e n e r a l i n t e r e s t as w e l l a s c o n s e r v a t i o n e f f o r t s , N a t G e o i s d e c i d e d l y e n v i r o n ­ m e n t a l i s t w i t h o u t t h a t b e i n g t h e o v e r t t h r u s t of t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n , c h o o s i n g i n s t e a d t o c e l e b r a t e a m a z i n g w o n d e r s of t h e E a r t h a n d i t s c r e a t u r e s .

(12) E a r t h L i b e r a t i o n F r o n t F a m o u s l y a c t i v i s t , t h e Earth Liberation Front o r g a n i z a t i o n i s a n a n o n y m o u s , i n d e p e n d e n t a n d mysterious environmentalist group promoting civil disobedience and economic sabotage. Numer­ o u s c a s e s of a r s o n , S U V b o m b i n g , a n d o t h e r « e x t r e m e * a c t i o n s h a v e e a r n e d t h e E L F e n v i r o n m e n ­ t a l i s t s a m i l i t a n t r e p u t a t i o n . T h e y m a i n t a i n n o o f f i c e or p r e s s c o n t a c t s a n d m a n y e n v i r o n m e n t a l ­ ists have been keen to distance themselves from the ELF.

(13) The N a t i o n a l Wildlife F e d e r a t i o n The National Wildlife Federation is dedicated to preserving animals in the U n i t e d States and w o r k s w i t h local a g e n c i e s i n t h e 4 8 c o n t i g u o u s s t a t e s . It i s o n e of t h e l a r g e s t e n v i r o n m e n t a l or­ g a n i z a t i o n s , w i t h o v e r 4 m i l l i o n m e m b e r s p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n g r a s s - r o o t s e f f o r t s o n a v a r i e t y of w i l d ­ l i f e i s s u e s . T h e o r g a n i z a t i o n w a s a c t u a l l y f o u n d e d b y a c a r t o o n i s t n a m e d J a y D a r l i n g (aka « D i n g » D a r l i n g ) i n 1 9 3 6 w i t h t h e s u p p o r t of P r e s i d e n t F r a n k l i n D e l a n o R o o s e v e l t .

(14) T h e N a t u r a l R e s o u r c e s Defence Council The Natural Resources Defence Council w o r k s t o p r o t e c t w i l d l i f e a n d w i l d p l a c e s a n d t o e n s u r e a h e a l t h y e n v i r o n m e n t f o r all l i f e o n t h e E a r t h . T h e N R D C c o m b i n e s h u n d r e d s of a c t i v e l a w y e r s w i t h o v e r 1.2 m i l l i o n m e m b e r s t o c r e a t e d i r e c t a n d l e g i s l a t i v e c h a n g e . T h e f o c u s i s o n p r e v e n t i n g climate change and s a v i n g endangered species, among other goals.

(15) Wildlife C o n s e r v a t i o n Society D e v o t e d t o s a v i n g w i l d l i f e , t h e Wildlife Conservation Society i s u n i q u e i n t h a t i t r u n s a l a r g e s y s t e m of u r b a n p a r k s . T h e o f f i c i a l s t a t e m e n t r e a d s : t h e Wildlife Conservation Society «saves wildlife and w i l d lands t h r o u g h careful science, international c o n s e r v a t i o n , education, and t h e m a n a g e m e n t of t h e w o r l d ' s l a r g e s t s y s t e m of u r b a n w i l d l i f e p a r k s * . T h e m i s s i o n of t h e o r g a n i z a ­ tion is to connect h u m a n s w i t h wildlife in the hope that interaction will inspire preservation of endangered species.

This organization A exists primarily to support bird conservation. В is aimed to facilitate interaction between humans and wildlife i n order to inspire preservation of e n d a n g e r e d s p e c i e s .

C i s o n e of t h e p r i n c i p a l m o s t w e l l - f u n d e d e n v i r o n m e n t a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s .

D is known for its militant and aggressive environmentalists.

E is often completely ignored by the current W h i t e House administration.

F i s e n v i r o n m e n t a l a n d a l o t of i t s m e m b e r s are l a w y e r s .

G has the creator who was a cartoonist before.

H i s an i n d e p e n d e n t n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a l e n v i r o n m e n t a l i n t e r n a t i o n a l g r o u p of l e a d i n g r e s p e c t e d scientists.

Task 4

——

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best fits each s p a c e (16—21). There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

SKYPE A N D LANGUAGE LEARNING W h y force students to y a w n (16)

w h e n a r e a l - l i f e n a t i v e s p e a k e r i s o n l y a S k y p e call

a w a y ? A t M a r q u e t t e U n i v e r s i t y , S p a n i s h s t u d e n t s i m p r o v e t h e i r f o r e i g n l a n g u a g e s k i l l s w i t h fre­ quent webcam chats (17) counterparts in South America.

«I a b s o l u t e l y f e l l i n l o v e w i t h t h i s p r o g r a m * , w r o t e o n e s t u d e n t . P r o f e s s o r J a n e t B a n h i d i , t h e brains behind the virtual language exchange, said Skype conversation gives students a surprisingly authentic experience. A s a teacher (and fluent speaker), she can only give her students limited 1-on-l attention. W i t h Skype, every student has weekly access to a free personal tutor.

P e r h a p s t h e g r e a t e s t b e n e f i t of u s i n g S k y p e i s t h e r a d i c a l ( 1 8 ) motivation. A whopping 8 5 . 3 % of J a n e t ' s s t u d e n t s k e p t i n t o u c h ( 1 9 ) o u t s i d e of t h e c l a s s r o o m t h r o u g h F a c e b o o k .

«In t h e e n d , t h e b e s t p a r t of t h i s e x c h a n g e w a s g a i n i n g a f r i e n d w h o m I s t i l l t a l k w i t h o n F a c e b o o k today*, said one student. Additionally, t h o u g h (20) e n r o l l t o s i m p l y f u l f i l l a l a n g u a g e re­ quirement, many participants have gone on to major in Spanish from the experience. Students who go above and beyond mandatory a s s i g n m e n t s will be (21) it w h e n they get out into the working world.

A В C D E F G H

to remember class material and apply

are b e c o m i n g m o r e s u c c e s s f u l over a textbook increase in s o m e of h e r s t u d e n t s more likely with their digital pen-pals with their English-learning time-wasting

:

~—

_ Task 5

——•

\——

•——

:—>•——

Read the text below. For questions ( 2 2 — 3 3 ) c h o o s e the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

INSTANT MESSAGING W h e n you (22)

s o m e o n e f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e , d o y o u ask t h e i r A S L ? D o y o u LOL if t h e y c o m e

o u t w i t h s o m e t h i n g f u n n y , a n d s a y «CU L8er» w h e n y o u f i n i s h t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n ? ( 2 3 ) k n o w w h a t I ' m t a l k i n g a b o u t , t h e n y o u are ( 2 4 ) ,

you

a l r e a d y a u s e r of I n s t a n t M e s s a g i n g , or IM.

T h e i d e a b e h i n d IM i s s i m p l e . W h e n y o u s e n d s o m e o n e an e m a i l , y o u d o n ' t k n o w w h e n y o u will get a (25) (26)

. Your friend m i g h t not check their m e s s a g e s , or m i g h t not use that email anymore. W i t h IM, h o w e v e r , a program on y o u r computer tells y o u w h e n a friend is

(27) . Y o u c a n t h e n s e n d a m e s s a g e t o y o u r f r i e n d , w h o c a n t y p e a r e p l y i n s t a n t l y . To do t h i s , y o u n e e d an IM p r o g r a m , s u c h a s A I M , ICQ, M S N M e s s e n g e r or W i n d o w s IM. IM i s a l r e a d y h u g e l y p o p u l a r i n t h e U S A , w h e r e p e o p l e s p e n d f i v e t i m e s m o r e t i m e o n l i n e t h a n i n Europe. (28) , IM i s s t a r t i n g t o t a k e off i n t h e U K , w i t h o v e r 3 , 0 0 0 p e o p l e ( 2 9 ) up to M S N M e s s e n g e r a l o n e e v e r y d a y . W o r l d w i d e , A I M , t h e IM s e r v i c e p r o v i d e d b y A O L i s b y f a r t h e m o s t

p o p u l a r . It h a s 1 9 5 m i l l i o n u s e r s w h o s e n d a b o u t 1.6 b i l l i o n m e s s a g e s e v e r y d a y . ICQ, w h i c h i s o w n e d b y A O L , h a s a b o u t 1 4 0 m i l l i o n m e s s e n g e r s , a n d M S N and W i n d o w s IM p u t t o g e t h e r h a v e a b o u t 7 5 million users.

T h e a d v a n t a g e s o f I M are (30)

, but there is one very important disadvantage. You can

o n l y c o n t a c t s o m e o n e o n t h e s a m e (31) a s y o u . If y o u r f r i e n d i s u s i n g A I M , a n d y o u are u s i n g M S N , y o u c a n n o t t a l k t o e a c h o t h e r . T h i s m a k e s IM l e s s u s e f u l t h a n i t s h o u l d b e . I m a g i n e if y o u c o u l d n o t (32)

an email from Hotmail to Yahoo. However, t h i n g s look like t h e y will change soon.

I n g e n e r a l , t h e f u t u r e l o o k s b r i g h t f o r IM. M a n y p r o g r a m s a l s o a l l o w y o u t o h a v e v o i c e c o n v e r s a ­ t i o n s , h a v e v i d e o c o n f e r e n c i n g — t h i s m e a n s y o u c a n s e e t h e o t h e r p e r s o n u s i n g a (33) also l e t y o u s w a p p i c t u r e s , m u s i c a n d o t h e r f i l e s .

— and

S o , p e r h a p s w e ' l l all s o o n b e a s k i n g s o m e o n e ' s a g e , s e x a n d l o c a t i o n ( A S L ) , a n d l a u g h i n g o u t l o u d (LOL) w h e n t h e y s a y s o m e t h i n g f u n n y . S e e y o u l a t e r ( C U L8er)!

A

В

C

D

22

experience

meet

know

are introduced

23

Therefore

Thus

If

So

24

probably

doubtfully

hardly ever

never

25

reply

repeat

recite

report

26

address

number

fax

form

27

outline

inline

offline

online

28

Despite

Even

However

Notwithstanding

29

signing

singing

significant

signalling

30

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obvious

uncertain

deceitful

31

mail

network

computer

driver

32

download

file

send

print

33

floppy disc

webcam

microphone

browser

• '

• '

Task 6

Read the text below. For questions (34—45) c h o o s e the correct answer (A, B, Cor D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

A f a r i n t h e N o r t h l a n d , (34)

t h e w i n t e r d a y s are s o s h o r t a n d t h e n i g h t s s o l o n g , t h e r e ,

long ago, wandered a good Saint on the snowy roads.

H e (35) (36)

o n e d a y t o t h e d o o r of a c o t t a g e , a n d l o o k i n g i n , h e s a w a l i t t l e o l d w o m a n cakes, and baking t h e m on the fireplace.

T h e g o o d S a i n t a s k e d h e r if s h e (37)

g i v e h i m one small cake as he was very hungry.

S o t h e l i t t l e o l d w o m a n m a d e a v e r y s m a l l c a k e a n d p l a c e d (38)

on the fireplace; but as

i t l a y b a k i n g s h e l o o k e d at i t a n d t h o u g h t : « T h a t i s a b i g c a k e , i n d e e d , q u i t e t o o b i g f o r m e t o g i v e

(39)

».

T h e n s h e m a d e a n o t h e r c a k e , m u c h (40) she turned it over, it looked larger than the first.

, a n d l a i d t h a t o n t h e f i r e p l a c e to c o o k , b u t w h e n

S o s h e t o o k a t i n y s c r a p o f d o u g h , a n d r o l l e d i t o u t , a n d r o l l e d i t o u t , a n d b a k e d i t (41)

thin

as a w a f e r ; b u t w h e n i t (42) , i t l o o k e d s o l a r g e t h a t s h e (43) n o t bear t o p a r t w i t h it; a n d s h e s a i d : « M y c a k e s are m u c h t o o b i g t o g i v e a w a y » , a n d s h e p u t t h e m o n t h e s h e l f .

Then the good Saint grew angry, for he was h u n g r y and faint. «You are too selfish to have a hu­ m a n f o r m » , h e s a i d . « Y o u are t o o g r e e d y t o d e s e r v e f o o d , s h e l t e r , a n d a w a r m f i r e . I n s t e a d , h e n c e ­ f o r t h , y o u (44) as t h e birds do, and get your scanty living by picking up n u t s and berries and b y b o r i n g , b o r i n g all t h e d a y l o n g , i n t h e bark of t r e e s ».

A f t e r t h e g o o d S a i n t (45) this, the little old w o m a n w e n t s t r a i g h t up the chimney, and came out at the top changed i n t o a red-headed woodpecker w i t h coal-black f e a t h e r s .

A n d n o w e v e r y c o u n t r y b o y m a y s e e h e r i n t h e w o o d s , w h e r e s h e l i v e s i n t r e e s b o r i n g , b o r i n g , bor­ ing for her food.

A

В

C

D

34

where

when

who

-what

35

come

came

coming

had come

36

make

makes

to make

making

37

shall

should

will

would

38

he

she

it

its

39

off

away

with

up

40

small

smaller

less smaller

smallest

41

such

if

as

of

42

did

is done

was done

be done

43

can

could

able

unable

44

build

is built

will build

would build

45

said

be said

has said

had said

Writing 46

W r i t e a l e t t e r of a p p l i c a t i o n f o r a job ( a t l e a s t 1 0 0 w o r d s ) . B e s u r e t o m e n t i o n : — y o u r n a m e , d a t e of b i r t h ; — w h a t p o s i t i o n y o u are a p p l y i n g f o r ; — educational qualifications; — a n y t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m m e s or a d d i t i o n a l c o u r s e s ; — some special skills y o u have; — y o u r job e x p e r i e n c e if y o u h a v e a n y .

Don't forget to g i v e s o m e contact information.

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37

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a • a •••

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A B C D E F G H 22

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24 25

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27

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A B C D

A B C D

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