Tap chi co dien 2014 by may lanh gia re

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January 2014 14 4

Special Three-Part Report

CAN DESIGN PREVENT ANOTHER SANDY HOOK?

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special report CAN DESIGN PREVENT ANOTHER SANDY HOOK? 16 RECOMMENDATIONS ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY TO TAKE TO YOUR K-12 CLIENTS

ABOVE A mass notification system signals a lockdown in a school emergency. More than 20 shooting incidents have taken place since the December 2012 tragedy at Sandy Hook Elementary School, Newtown, Conn. Our Special Report provides detailed recommendations that Building Teams can take to their K-12 clients to help them make their schools more secure.

AEC PROFESSIONALS WEIGH IN ON SCHOOL SECURITY

FEATURES 14

‘40 UNDER 40’: WHERE ARE THEY NOW?

Nine innovations for a construction essential.

‘U40s’ nurture leaders, wax philosophical.

URBAN RENAISSANCE Mega-projects are moving forward after years of delays, offering exciting prospects for economic growth.

BIG DATA MEETS DATA CENTERS What the coming DCIM boom means to Owners and Building Teams.

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CONCRETE SOLUTIONS

AIA CONTINUING EDUCATION

PAINTS, COATINGS + SEALANTS Earn 1.0 AIA CES HSW learning units by studying this article and successfully completing the online exam.

ON THE COVER ILLUSTRATION: TOM RYBARCZYK BUS: LE DO / SHUTTERSTOCK.COM

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

JANUARY 2014

DEPARTMENTS 09

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EDITORIAL

parking lots become neighborhood park in Los Angeles

What states should do to prevent school shootings

NEWS AIA and MIT team up to study health effects of urban development

New Jersey ofﬁces; wood doors and ﬁnishes for research center; Buffalo school windows; custom glass at Ben Franklin Museum; elegant stone carvings for India hotel; wheelchair lifts in Philadelphia public housing

ON THE DRAWING BOARD Projects under way in Seattle, New York, Spokane, Dallas, Minneapolis, and San Diego

NEW PROJECTS PORTFOLIO

PRODUCTS AT WORK

ADVERTISER INDEX

PRODUCT SOLUTIONS

California housing for Gen Y; Maine warehouse makeover for ofﬁces; Danish maritime museum;

Curved corners for drywall; wind-driven rain louver; space-saving barn door systems

e-Contents CALL FOR ENTRIES: 2014 BUILDING TEAM AWARDS Building Design+Construction is looking for your best newly built projects for our 17th annual Building Team Awards. This program recognizes the collaboration of the entire Building Team: owners, architects, engineers, and contractors who worked together to create buildings that exhibit design and construction excellence as well as beneﬁt to occupants and the community. For all entry information and helpful tips, go to: www.BDCnetwork.com/BuildingTeamAwards/2014

EXCLUSIVE: TIPS FOR DESIGNING LEARNING COMMONS BUILDINGS In this exclusive to BD+C, Wendell Brown, AIA, LEED AP, Design Architect with Earl Swensson Associates, offers design advice for higher education’s newest building type: the learning commons. A hybrid of a library and a student union, the learning commons is a collaborative, interactive space in which students can gather to study in groups. www.BDCnetwork.com/LearningCommons

APP OF THE MONTH: GREEN BADGER LEED DOCUMENTATION Document a variety of LEED credits right from your smartphone or tablet. This app allows users to track construction waste, create and send realtime erosion control reports, manage all sustainable material credits, and instantly verify the VOC contents of thousands of paints, coatings, sealants, and adhesives. It then outputs documentation suitable for LEED certiﬁcation review. Materials are cleanly organized into lists and veriﬁed so that proper material credits and indoor air quality credits are properly awarded. www.BDCnetwork.com/GreenBadger

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editorial

3030 W. Salt Creek Lane, Suite 201 Arlington Heights, IL 60005-5025 847.391.1000 • Fax: 847.390.0408

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Robert Cassidy

What the states should do to prevent MORE SCHOOL SHOOTINGS

847.391.1040; rcassidy@sgcmail.com EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

David Barista 847.954.7929; dbarista@sgcmail.com SENIOR EDITOR

Julie S. Higginbotham 847.954.7920; jhigginbotham@sgcmail.com ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Amy McIntosh, Raissa Rocha CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

Ted Agres, Susan Bady, Peter Fabris, Barbara Horwitz-Bennett, Pamela Dittmer McKuen, Adam Sullivan, C.C. Sullivan, Jeff Yoders, Jerry Yudelson, PE, LEED Fellow

To tell the truth, I didn’t want to write about the terrible events of December 14, 2012, when 20 children and six adults were gunned down at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn. I ﬁgured other media would provide ample coverage, and anything we did would look cheap or inappropriate.

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Laurin McCracken, AIA Marketing Consultant, Jacobs

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wo things turned me around. The first was hearing from AEC professionals and manufacturers of door hardware, blastproof glass, and other security products, who said they couldn’t keep up with the phone calls from school officials across the country, all of them desperate for a quick fix so that “another Sandy Hook” would never happen on their watch. Irene Nigaglioni, a Partner at PBK Architects, told me that one school official even asked her about bulletproof furniture. The thing that really got me, though, was that the shootings just kept going on and on. By the first anniversary of the Sandy Hook incident, more than 20 school shootings had taken place in the U.S., including one in Sparks, Nev., where a teacher was killed, and another just this past December 13, in Centennial, Colo., barely 10 miles from the infamous Columbine High School. Meanwhile, in Newtown, 88% of the 5,062 voters overwhelmingly approved a referendum to tear town the mid-1950s elementary school and build a new one on the same site, with funding coming from a $50 million grant from the state. Svigals + Partners won the design competition, with Consigli Construction as project manager. When the vote was reported on Yahoo (http:// yhoo.it/JZ9R5I), more than 2,000 people responded, many of them angry at what they saw as the waste of a good building, others outraged by the opulence of the grant. “50 million dollars?” wrote one. “That school must have solid-gold toilets, valet parking, limousine service for every child, five-star French chefs, and platinum silverware for the kids to eat with!” Meanwhile, Governor Dannel P. Malloy’s Sandy

Hook Advisory Commission issued an interim report last March (the final report is expected later this year), based in part on input from informational meetings on infrastructure design, school safety and security, and gun violence. The Commission made only two specific recommendations: 1) that all K-12 classrooms be equipped with doors that could be locked from the inside by the teacher, and 2) that all exterior doors be equipped with hardware capable of implementing a full perimeter lockdown. In addition, the Commission recommended that school districts “consider” developing an All-Hazards Threat and Risk Assessment Security Recommendations (TRASR) tool on a site-specific basis, to include “rational and credible protective design of building and site components” based on Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) strategies. The report noted that “no standard exists for the baseline of safe school design or a process to determine appropriate safe school design elements.” In fact, most states have no standards or regulations on security in the design of schools. We think it’s time for the states, working through such groups as the National Conference of State Legislatures and the National Governors Association, to put “security” into their requirements for school construction. As we note in our Special Report, however, security design and technology can only go so far. Training and preparedness at the local level are equally important. Robert Cassidy, Editorial Director Send comments to: rcassidy@sgcmail.com

For advertising contacts, see page 64.

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BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

JANUARY 2014

news

BY JULIE S. HIGGINBOTHAM, SENIOR EDITOR

AIA + MIT RESEARCH REVEALS IMPACT OF DESIGN ON PUBLIC HEALTH

ore than half of the world’s inhabitants live in urban areas—a number projected to grow to 70% by 2050. The American Institute of Architects and the Center for Advanced Urbanism at Massachusetts Institute of Technology have released a comprehensive research report on urban health, suggesting paths for improvement. The report considers design’s impact on problems such as obesity, asthma, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and depression. “What this research represents is our ﬁrst attempt to examine an array of urban health matters in eight major metropolitan areas in the United States, and to suggest a wide array of possible remedies,” says AIA Chief Executive Ofﬁcer Robert Ivy, FAIA. Teams of researchers studied patterns in Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, San Francisco,

Chicago, Minneapolis, Boston, and New York City, analyzing urban development patterns and health data. The next phase of the research will involve selection of a single city to serve as a subject for in-depth analysis and recommendations, including conversations with city leaders, foundations, and local businesses. The AIA and its research partners at MIT hope to collaborate in analyzing a series of built projects that can test and measure health-related solutions. The report considers health aspects of the physical environment (housing choices, transportation, land-use planning and zoning, and parks and open space availability); the natural environment (air pollution, industrial uses, and hazardous waste); the social environment (socioeconomic status, social capital, and healthcare availability); and other

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spatial relationships (access to food and healthcare sites, population density, residential segregation, and geographic disparities). The report’s authors hope to inspire better collaboration among city planners, building designers, and public health experts. For more: www.BDCnetwork.com/ MIT_AIA_urban

CORRECTION In the article “Sustainable Design Trends in Windows, Doors + Door Hardware” (October 2013), quotations from Aaron C. Smith, LEED AP BD+C, Director of Sustainable Building Solutions at ASSA ABLOY, were erroneously attributed to Whitney Vitale, Marketing Communications Manager in the company’s Door Security Solutions unit. We regret the error.

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How Guardian SunGuard helped build a better school. With light. Well-daylighted classrooms enhance student performance. That’s why TowerPinkster selected Guardian SunGuard SuperNeutral 54 on clear for Linden Grove Middle School in Kalamazoo, Michigan. With 54% visible light transmission, SuperNeutral 54 allows plenty of natural light into a building. But with a low 0.28 solar heat gain coefﬁcient, heat gain is minimal. The result: TowerPinkster achieved natural daylighting in every classroom while keeping energy costs down. For complete performance data—and other ways Guardian SunGuard can help you Build With Light—visit SunGuardGlass.com. Or call 1-866-GuardSG (482-7374).

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news RSMEANS COSTS COMPARISONS: Garages, underground parking, town halls, community centers PARKING GARAGE ’14 ’13 % chg.

Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Cleveland Dallas Denver Detroit Houston Kansas City, Mo. Los Angeles Miami Minneapolis New Orleans New York City Philadelphia Phoenix Pittsburgh Portland, Ore. St. Louis San Diego San Francisco Seattle Washington, D.C. Winston-Salem, N.C.

57.66 61.16 77.50 77.50 65.50 56.15 61.48 67.75 57.07 68.40 70.71 57.73 71.83 57.79 86.39 75.06 58.45 67.42 65.31 67.94 68.60 80.73 68.21 64.05 52.79

2.0 2.3 2.1 3.5 2.7 2.8 2.2 2.0 2.7 2.4 2.7 0.6 1.2 1.8 1.9 2.7 2.9 3.1 2.1 3.0 3.4 2.6 2.3 2.5 3.9

70.04 74.29 94.14 94.14 79.57 68.20 74.69 82.29 69.32 83.09 85.89 70.12 87.25 70.20 104.95 91.18 71.00 81.89 79.33 82.53 83.33 98.06 82.85 77.81 64.44

68.77 72.68 92.30 91.04 77.60 66.43 73.15 80.81 67.60 81.28 83.78 69.79 86.36 69.08 103.08 88.86 69.08 79.56 77.84 80.26 80.73 95.73 81.12 76.04 61.82

1.8 2.2 2.0 3.4 2.5 2.7 2.1 1.8 2.5 2.2 2.5 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.8 2.6 2.8 2.9 1.9 2.8 3.2 2.4 2.1 2.3 4.2

’14

TOWN HALL ’13 % chg.

158.33 167.92 212.80 212.80 179.86 154.17 168.83 186.02 156.70 187.83 194.16 158.51 197.24 158.69 237.23 206.10 160.50 185.11 179.32 186.56 188.37 221.66 187.28 175.88 145.66

154.40 163.17 207.21 204.40 174.22 149.13 164.22 181.42 151.76 182.47 188.08 156.68 193.87 155.10 231.42 199.49 155.10 178.61 174.75 180.19 181.24 214.93 182.12 170.71 138.78

2.5 2.9 2.7 4.1 3.2 3.4 2.8 2.5 3.3 2.9 3.2 1.2 1.7 2.3 2.5 3.3 3.5 3.6 2.6 3.5 3.9 3.1 2.8 3.0 5.0

COMMUNITY CENTER ’14 ’13 % chg.

139.13 147.55 186.98 186.98 158.05 135.47 148.35 163.45 137.69 165.04 170.61 139.28 173.31 139.44 208.45 181.10 141.03 162.66 157.57 163.93 165.52 194.78 164.57 154.55 127.36

137.10 144.89 184.00 181.51 154.71 132.43 145.83 161.10 134.77 162.03 167.02 139.13 172.16 137.73 205.50 177.14 137.73 158.60 155.18 160.01 160.94 190.86 161.72 151.59 123.24

1.5 1.8 1.6 3.0 2.2 2.3 1.7 1.5 2.2 1.9 2.1 0.1 0.7 1.2 1.4 2.2 2.4 2.6 1.5 2.5 2.8 2.1 1.8 1.9 3.3

FOR MORE DATA, VISIT RSMEANS AT WWW.RSMEANS.COM, OR CALL (800) 448-8182.

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COSTS IN DOLLARS PER SQUARE FOOT

56.54 59.75 75.88 74.85 63.80 54.61 60.14 66.43 55.58 66.82 68.88 57.38 71.00 56.80 84.75 73.05 56.80 65.41 63.99 65.98 66.37 78.71 66.69 62.52 50.82

UNDERGROUND PARKING ’14 ’13 % chg.

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BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

JANUARY 2014

40 under 40 retrospective EIGHTH IN A SERIES

where are they now? ‘U40s’ NURTURE LEADERS, WAX PHILOSOPHICAL Our past 40 Under 40 honorees continue to make their mark on the built environment, while improving the AEC profession and supporting their communities. (U40 alums are invited to participate in this ongoing retrospective series by sending an update to: jhigginbotham@sgcmail.com.) This month: an antiterrorism expert who also focuses on professional ethics, and an operations pro who’s directing leadership-development efforts in her ﬁrm

BY JULIE S. HIGGINBOTHAM, SENIOR EDITOR

JON A. SCHMIDT PE, SECB, BSCP Associate Structural Engineer and Director of Antiterrorism Services Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, Mo. Class of 2009 ACCOMPLISHMENTS Schmidt continues to serve as Associate Structural Engineer in Burns & McDonnell’s Aviation and Federal Group, as well as spearheading the firm’s antiterrorism design work. Recent projects: the Defense Information Systems Agency’s Continental U.S. operations facility at Scott Air Force Base near Belleville, Ill., and the Broad Area Maritime Surveillance Mission Control

JANUARY 2014

EXTRACURRICULAR A frequent public speaker on engineering topics, Schmidt writes a bimonthly column for STRUCTURE magazine. Founding chair of the Engineering Philosophy Committee within the Structural Engineering Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers. The committee explores the engineering profession’s philosophical foundations and implications, and has sponsored a related session at the Structures Congress for the past three years. (For more: www. VirtuousEngineers.org.) OFF THE CLOCK In 2006, Schmidt embarked on a quest to visit all 50 state capitol buildings with his wife and two children. Current tally: 38, including last summer’s trips to Cheyenne, Wyo., Santa Fe, N.M., and Denver.

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

HEIDI HIGGASON AIA, LEED AP, NCARB VP/Director of Operations, South Region HDR Architecture, Dallas Class of 2010 ACCOMPLISHMENTS Formerly Managing Principal of HDR’s Dallas office, Higgason was promoted in 2011 and now directs operations for five locations (Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, Charlotte, N.C., and Tampa, Fla.) covering 11 states. Led the development and 2012 roll-out of BOOST, a companywide employee leadershipdevelopment and mentoring program. Participates in staff training and serves on HDR’s Professional Associates Committee, administering internal recognition

of employees’ creative and technical work. EXTRACURRICULAR Selected for Dallas Business Journal’s “40 Under 40,” Class of 2010. Regularly participates in charity events benefiting the National Alliance on Mental Illness and Susan G. Komen for the Cure. OFF THE CLOCK Higgason enjoys riding and training three thoroughbred horses, and also owns a black lab, a greyhound, and a cat. A Nebraska transplant, she still follows the Cornhuskers. “My husband and I moved to Texas for my job in 2006, and all of our family is ‘up north.’ We cherish the time we get to spend with them.”

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ON THE

drawing board BY RAISSA ROCHA, ASSOCIATE EDITOR

MUSEUM CELEBRATING WOODEN BOATS WITH $6.6 MILLION EXPANSION The new Wagner Education Center under way at the Center for Wooden Boats, Seattle, was designed by Olson Kundig Architects. The building will provide a new “front door” and modern educational facilities while paying homage to area’s rich history in boat building. It will house a dedicated youth classroom that can be converted to a sail loft, new gallery and exhibit spaces, and a boat shop to facilitate the restoration of the CWB’s largest boats and the construction of new boats from historic designs. The design is targeting LEED Gold certiﬁcation.

JANUARY 2014

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

NEW BUILDING WILL MEET THE NEEDS OF GROWING N.Y. CHARTER SCHOOL The new building for Riverhead Charter School in Calverton, N.Y., was commissioned as a result of increasing enrollment and expansion of the school’s program from K-6 to K-8. The $14.1 million, 50,000-sf school will accommodate more than 500 students, with 16 classrooms, an auditorium/gymnasium, library, administrative wing, and kitchen wing. The existing school features two buildings plus modular classrooms; following completion of the new building, the modular classrooms will be removed and the existing buildings renovated for storage and multipurpose spaces. BBS Architects, Landscape Architects, and Engineers is the project’s architect, interior designer, and MEP engineer. The Building Team also includes PW Grosser Consulting (CE), Stalco Construction (GC), and SCC Construction Management Group (CM).

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NEW SPOKANE CONVENTION CENTER LINKING VISITORS WITH NATURE

INTEGRATED MODEL FOR STUDENT HOUSING RISING AT SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIVERSITY

An 90,000-sf expansion and 20,000-sf renovation of the Spokane (Wash.) Convention Center will link the facility to the Centennial Trail and Spokane River shoreline, giving visitors a greater opportunity to engage with the surrounding environment. A network of outdoor spaces will accommodate diverse events and opportunities for social interaction. The $36 million design-build project’s Building Team includes LMN Architects (design architect), ALSC (AOR), and Garco Construction (contractor).

The KSQ Architects-designed Residential Commons is a new model for student housing at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, and will include 1,250 beds for students, a 505-seat dining area, and an 800-car parking garage. Part of a plan to start requiring sophomores to live on campus, the seven-building Residential Commons is designed to facilitate a seamless integration of academics and student life. Each Residential Commons complex will include a student services facility, classrooms, ofﬁces, faculty housing, and other amenities. The Building Team also includes Purdy McGuire (MEP engineer), Raymond L. Goldstein Jr. (SE/CE), and the Beck Group (contractor).

JANUARY 2014

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

HISTORIC MINNEAPOLIS MILL TO BECOME A 251-LOFT ARTISTS’ COMMUNITY

PUBLIC SAFETY TRAINING FACILITY UNDER WAY AT MIRAMAR COLLEGE

A-Mill Artist Lofts is a $150 million adaptive reuse of a vacant Pillsbury flour mill complex, under way on the banks of the Mississippi River in Minneapolis. A National Historic Landmark, the mill was built in 1881 and shuttered in 2003. The planned renovation and reconfiguration will bring 251 loft apartments to the region, designed to suit artists’ needs. Amenities include studios for yoga and Pilates, dance, pottery, sound arts, visual arts, and other disciplines. The complex will also provide a fitness center, bike storage, conference room, and lobby and reception area. On the Building Team: Dominium (developer/ manager), BKV Group (architect), and Weis Builders.

San Diego Miramar College broke ground in September for its Fire Science/EMT Training Facility, intended to become the city’s primary center for public safety training. The $16.5 million, 22,900sf building will house the college’s ﬁre science and emergency medical technician programs. The scope includes classrooms, labs and lab support, equipment staging, ofﬁces, and outdoor training areas with a drill tower and additional storage. The Building Team: gkkworks (architect), MA Engineers (mechanical engineer), Sparling/ ILA Zammit (electrical engineer), KPFF Consulting Engineers (SE), RBF Consulting (CE), Wimmer Yamada and Caughey (landscape architect), and Swinerton Builders (CM). Gafcon is serving as the campus project manager. URS Corp. is the project manager.

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special report – part one DESIGNING FOR SCHOOL SECURITY

can design prevent another Sandy Hook? NO. BUT IT COULD SAVE LIVES. OUR EXPERTS SHOW YOU HOW.

BY ROBERT CASSIDY, EDITORIAL DIRECTOR

TOM RYBARCZYK

www.BDCuniversity.com

hat can Building Teams do to prevent another tragedy like the one that befell Newtown, Conn., on December 14, 2012, when 20 ﬁrst-graders and six adults were killed at Sandy Hook Elementary School? Some would say nothing—that it’s impossible to stop an armed madman who is hell-bent on killing and willing to die. “It’s a raw fact that if someone wants to hurt kids in a school, the likelihood is that they’ll have success,” says Pat Lamb, Director of Security & Operations, Irving (Texas) Independent School District, who oversees security for 35,000 students and 4,500 staff in 38 buildings. “You have to have the processes, infrastructure, and people in place to thwart the aggressor and mitigate the damage.” BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

JANUARY 2014

special report – part one DESIGNING FOR SCHOOL SECURITY

With more than 20 shooting incidents in schools since Sandy Hook, security is a high priority for school administrators and boards. “They don’t want to be the one that says it could never happen here,” says Susan Smith, AIA, LEED AP, Vice President, Corgan Associates. Based on consultations with 17 experts in school security, the editors of Building Design+Construction offer this Special Report to provide you with reasonable design considerations you can bring to your K-12 clients to prevent, or at least mitigate, a Sandy Hook on their turf.

GET EVERYONE INVOLVED IN THE PLANNING PROCESS

COURTESY ASSA ABLOY

Making schools safe starts with a process of rigorous planning by a broad base of stakeholders—at the very least, school administrators, AEC professionals, security consultants, ﬁrst responders, parents, and community leaders. It calls for a detailed

The security sidelite unit “hardens the target” by providing an operable hollow metal panel that can be closed over the glass portion of the sidelite in an emergency. It also serves as a visual cue that the area has extra protection.

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assessment by the school district of the realities of the threats to children and staff, followed by clear goal-setting and budgeting. Sound painful? It is. But helping your K-12 clients through such a process can afford them the highest level of security possible for the available public funds—not the ill-conceived and often wasteful “solutions” that follow a headline-grabbing incident like Sandy Hook. “The rule is, Do everything you can, knowing you can’t do everything,” says Ronald Stephens, PhD, Executive Director, National School Safety Center. As our exclusive survey notes (see pages 32-35), school districts are loath to devote limited capital resources to security improvements. It’s your job to give them the most protection you can for the available dollars. In the following pages, we offer a plan of action, based on input from numerous experts, to guide you in making new and existing schools safer, particularly in the case of an armed intruder. Part I focuses largely on planning and building design for school security. Part II looks at technological solutions to this threat. Part III presents the results of our exclusive survey of BD+C subscribers. Before we go on, however, several points need to be emphasized: 1. Early planning and collaboration with all stakeholders in the school district is the key to success. Skip this step and you may as well pack your iPad and go back to the ofﬁce. 2. Thoughtful design of schools through the employment of “the three Ds” of security—deter, detect, delay—could save lives when seconds count. 3. Technology can help, but technology alone cannot make schools 100% safe. Training and preparedness, plus good design, are also required. 4. School boards’ chief priority is educating children, but they must also take into consideration that school buildings are community resources and must be open to the public at certain times. School ofﬁcials and AEC professionals are strongly united

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in the belief that schools must not be turned into walled fortresses in the name of security.

START WITH THE EXTERIOR THREAT ASSESSMENT What are the likely threats to security in the schools you serve? “The chances of a Newtown-type incident are low, but something is going to happen at your school,” says Kenneth M. Glantz, Executive Director, National Domestic Preparedness Coalition. It could be a ninth-grader who’s been bullied and now keeps a weapon in his locker. Or an angry parent who’s in a custody battle. Or a suspicious backpack hidden in a stairwell. Scenarios like these are hardly far-fetched. “Over the years, we’ve had a lot of stuff with students, parents upset with teachers, custody issues,” says Larry D. Johnson, Assistant Superintendent and Executive Director for Public Safety/School Security, Grand Rapids (Mich.) Public Schools. “We’ve stopped a lot of incidents.” You can help initiate this assessment for your school district client by involving local police, other first responders, school resource officers (“SROs”), and facility staff in the assessment. You should advocate for the school board to hire a professional consultant with experience in school security. (See box, page 25.) Our exclusive survey shows that about 10% of AEC firms have security expertise on staff, and that many more firms use security consultants. Then make a site tour with the security team and school administrators. “We start as far away from the school as possible—in the neighborhood, on the path to school, at the entry into the building, and right into the classroom,” says Ed Schmidt, AIA, NOMA, CEFP, Principal/Executive Director, Fanning Howey. Here’s a list of things to check outside the building: • Is the property securely fenced? Can the fence be climbed easily? • In old buildings, are there fire escapes?

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• Is everyone who approaches the school directed to controlled entry points? • Are trash containers (good places to stash weapons or explosives) locked? • Are electrical vaults fenced and locked in the on position, so that an intruder can’t turn off the power to security cameras and notiﬁcation systems? • Are propane tanks set away from the building, fenced off, and padlocked? • Are there cobwebs on the UPS generator? Then it hasn’t been tested recently or properly maintained. • Is the surrounding terrain hilly, thereby affording a shooter a line of ﬁre into the building? Landscaping should be carefully scoped

‘Every dollar we spend on security is a dollar that’s not going into education. We have to be sure we’re not allowing security concerns to overwhelm what’s going on in the classroom.’

out. Well-maintained grounds send a message that people care about the school, which can act as a deterrent, according to security experts. But greenery can also raise security concerns. Check —Larry Johnson, Grand Rapids (Mich.) Public Schools to see if bushes are trimmed to three feet high so that an intruder can’t lurk behind them. or lighting systems.” Tree branches should be cut to a height of Deliveries are another security concern. 10 feet to make it difﬁcult for an intruder to Watch how, when, and where deliveries are get up into a tree and hide. made, particularly food trucks servicing the Adds Alan Brockbank, President, Bcafeteria. “Loading docks are a problem, Secure Consulting, “Make sure trees near because the driver props open the back the school building don’t provide access door to deliver his load, but nobody checks to the roof or block the security cameras when that truck leaves, so the door stays

Crime prevention through environmental design, or CPTED, owes its origins to the 1971 book of that title by criminologist C. Ray Jeffery. A year later came Oscar Newman’s Defensible Space: Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. CPTED has since been adapted to meet the security needs of schools. The National Institute of Crime Prevention offers 24- and 40-hour courses on CPTED for Schools (www.cptedtraining.net), with such segments as “CPTED Strategies,” “Lighting for Safety,” and “CPTED, Schools, and Terrorism.” CPTED rests on four basic tenets: 1) access control, 2) surveillance (both “natural” and “formal”), 3) territoriality, and 4) hardening the target. Access control refers to the use of a single, clearly identifiable entry point to which visitors to a school are diverted, in a kind of funnel effect. Visitors should be stopped at a secure door, surveilled by video camera, asked to identify themselves, and buzzed in to a secure vestibule, where further identification and badging should take place. Formal surveillance involves the use of video cameras and other electronic equipment to monitor entrances, parking lots, interior hallways, courtyards, and play areas for suspicious activity.

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Natural surveillance uses “eyes on the street” to detect unusual activity that might call for a security response; for example, an exit door propped open with a stick. “Everyone on staff, even housekeeping, has to be vigilant,” says Heery International’s David Waggoner. Territoriality refers to the delineation of space to allow for greater control by legitimate users, chiefly by providing clearly marked (and securable) zones of separation between classroom areas and spaces open to the community, such as meeting rooms. Security sigCPTED puts “eyes on the street.” Here, a teacher who hapnage (“All Visitors Must Report pens to be glancing out the window notices a man who has to the Front Office”), proper parked his vehicle illegally and is carrying a bag that could building maintenance, and contain a weapon. Her next step: notify the ofﬁce right away. orderly landscaping contribute sidelites in classroom entries, a bulletproof door to territoriality. between the security vestibule and the hallway Hardening the target works by making it into the main building—these are examples of harder for an intruder to take action. It can buy ways that schools can be “hardened” without precious seconds. Commercial-grade doors, turning them into prisons or fortresses. locks on the inside of classroom doors, lockable

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TOM RYBARCZYK

APPLYING CPTED PRINCIPLES to schools

special report – part one DESIGNING FOR SCHOOL SECURITY

COURTESY UNITED STATES BULLET PROOFING, INC.

Floor plan shows “funneled” visitor ﬂow from the exterior through a visually screened entryway secured by commercialgrade doors into a security vestibule, where further identiﬁcation and badging can be conducted. At right, the path from the security vestibule to classrooms at Blairstown (N.J.) Elementary School is guarded by doors rated to UL Level 8 ballistic protection.

BULLETPROOF GLASS

TOM RYBARCZYK

open for hours,” says Brockbank. If possible, fuel and other dangerous cargoes should be delivered when class is not in session, says Glantz. A rule of thumb on deliveries: “Make sure you know who’s coming, and make them check in at the office first,” says Glantz. Vehicle flow and parking can also pose problems. Bus drop-offs should be separated from car drop-offs, not only for safety reasons but also to alert staff to any activity that looks out of place. Staff, visitor, and student parking should be assigned distinct areas. Visitor parking should be set back from the front of the building and clearly marked with signage to direct people to the front entrance: “You don’t want to make visitors walk around the whole building to find the front door,” says Irene Nigaglioni, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, CEFP, Partner, PBK Architects. Visitors should be visible from the front office, so that staff can take appropriate action if anything looks suspicious. “You want to be able to see anyone who has a shift in behavior, such as parking in a delivery area,” says Rebecca Baibak, AIA, LEED AP, Principal, Integrus Architecture. (The shooter at Sandy Hook Elementary parked his car next to a No Parking zone.) Parking areas should have signs stating “All vehicles subject to search.” Once the security team has made the rounds of the exterior, it’s time to enter the building.

WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN THE INTERIOR ASSESSMENT Here’s a list of things to check inside the building: • Is there any front-door security to speak of? Did anyone greet you at the door? • How hard is it to get past the reception area and into the classroom corridors? • Are classrooms locked from the inside? • Are classroom areas separated from community spaces? • Are all security cameras working? Do they have the optimal line of sight? • Is the roof hatch unlocked?

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• How good are sight lines down corridors? • Any out-of-the-way restrooms or storage areas where someone could hide? • Are any exterior doors propped open? Are these doors ﬁtted with alarms? • Is anything—or anyone—hidden in the stairwells? • Do all visitors have ID badges? Are

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they allowed to stroll unaccompanied through the halls? • What kind of keying system is in place? Keyless entry via swipe cards? Or actual keys? If the latter, are all keys accounted for? Manual keys should not be able to be duplicated or used without authorization.

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how to hire a SCHOOL SECURITY CONSULTANT We asked Alan Brockbank, CPP, CSC, President, B Secure Consulting, what you and your K-12 clients should look for in a security consultant. Here’s his advice: 1. Verify that the consultant has the right credentials. “Many so-called ‘security experts’ don’t have the proper experience and credentials,” he says. Such designations include the Certified Protection Professional (CPP) or the Physical Security Professional (PSP), both administered by the American Society for Industrial Security (www.asis.org), and the Certified Security Consultant (CSC) designation from the International Association of Professional Security Consultants (iapsc.org). 2. Verify that the person or firm has proven experience in school security matters and is not just a generalist. 3. Ask to review samples of their work product. 4. Don’t just ask for references—call them to see if you detect any hesitancy about recommend the consultant. Why not just use the local police department? Brockbank’s response: “Law enforcement officials are best consulted for incident response planning. Security consultants are typically better at the preventive measures that should be considered to help deter, detect, delay, and deny these incidents.”

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“You have to do the threat assessment while school is in session, so you can evaluate the day-to-day security operations,” says Fanning Howey’s Schmidt. Ultimately, it is the job of the school board—acting, it is hoped, on advice from you—to make the final determination of the security threats. Threat conditions vary widely, of course. A city school beset by gangs will have a much different agenda from that of a school district in a leafy suburb. A rural school district in the Southwest may have tornado planning at the top of its list, but visitors carrying legally concealed weapons may be a worry as well. High schools are usually bigger and more chaotic than middle or elementary schools. Some districts mix multiple buildings in a large-scale campus, making it more difficult to manage the flow of students and visitors. Finally, the threat assessment must also take into account the resources that would be available in the event of an incident. How

quickly can police and EMTs get to the school? What level of emergency care is available at the nearest hospital? In a crisis, says PBK’s Nigaglioni, “You may be dealing with a situation where seconds count.” At this point, the school board must establish priorities for security improvements via the budgeting process. The security budget should have three basic components: 1) capital improvements to new and existing buildings, 2) systems improvements and technology, and 3) training of staff, teachers, and students. All three have to be in place and carefully balanced for the overall plan to be effective. “It’s a mistake to think that the

‘What can you do with existing schools? You want to control access, and make sure the doors are exit only. You can’t get rid of doors, but you can lock them.’ —Irene Nigaglioni, PBK Architects

TOM RYBARCZYK

Lighting must be checked both during the day and at night. “I usually ﬁnd dozens of lights out, and when I ask the facilities people when they were last checked, I get ‘Oh, a couple of years ago,’” says Brockbank. A word of advice: Don’t let school ofﬁcials push you into performing the assessment on a weekend or over the summer.

Exterior conditions that should be checked in the process of conducting a threat analysis for an existing school (clockwise from upper left): Electrical vaults should be locked in the on position and screened; tree branches should be trimmed to 10 feet for visual monitoring and to prevent an intruder from hiding in the tree; bushes should be trimmed to three feet for the same reasons; and trash receptacles should be locked to prevent an intruder from using them to store weapons or explosives.

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special report – part one DESIGNING FOR SCHOOL SECURITY

GUARD THE FRONT DOOR! Our experts agree that physical design for schools should be guided by CPTED principles. The single most important element, they concur, is the entry system. Once the bell rings and students are in their classrooms, all late students and visitors— the UPS driver, the mom bringing in her third-grader’s forgotten lunchbox—must be “funneled” into a single, secure entryway equipped with a commercial-grade door and

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one or more video surveillance cameras. After being identiﬁed by ofﬁce staff, the visitor should be buzzed into a “security vestibule.” One problem that comes up at this point is the “piggybacker”—the unscreened visitor who “tailgates” in behind legitimate visitors as they’re buzzed in. This is usually the fault of poor camera placement, which prevents the staff person doing the surveillance from seeing everyone who’s near the door. The solution, according to Trump, is to add a second camera (preferably a

pan-tilt-zoom, or PTZ, camera) to provide a wider view of the entire front door area. Once inside the vestibule, all visitors should be greeted personally. This creates a “security statement” right up front. “One of the tenets of security is, To be confronted reduces crime,” says Glantz. “The greeter at Walmart is there not just to say ‘Hi’ but because they want you to understand that someone knows you’re in the building.” Inside the vestibule, the reception desk is one place where bullet-resistant or even

SHARE FLOOR PLANS with first responders

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building itself will provide the level of safety that everybody’s looking for,” says David M. Waggoner, AIA, CEFP, LEED AP BD+C, Vice President, Heery International. A word about training: There is a sense of skepticism among security specialists about the rigor level of training in many school districts. “If you were to poll school districts, they would tell you they have their security plans, but if you talk to the school principals, they’ll say, yes, there may be a plan, but the security measures in place are low and so is the amount of practice,” says Glantz, a former captain in the Orlando (Fla.) Sheriff’s Department. The 18,000-student Grand Rapids, Mich., system, may be a model of how to do it right. All GRPS administrative staff must attend a full-day School Safety Leadership Academy, plus an eight-hour advanced course. All 40 security officers go through 120 hours of training every year, approved by the National Association of School Security and Law Enforcement Officials (NASSLEO). All architects and engineers who do work for the district must be certified in Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. Training and preparedness must be an essential component of any school security program. “Smart superintendents, principals, and school boards recognize that security and preparedness efforts are a strong tool for strengthening school-community trust and confidence in their leadership,” says Kenneth S. Trump, MPA, President, National School Safety and Security Services.

In most jurisdictions, public schools are required to share their floor plans with their local police and fire departments for emergency planning. “When we complete a school, the first responders ask for the plans and put them into their systems,” says Rebecca Baibak, Principal, Integrus Architecture, Seattle. “They’re particular about the level of detail they want in their drawings, so that they have a very simple way of analyzing that building.” Security consultant Ken Glantz advises AEC firms to get first responders on site with plans in hand so they can test how well the documents correspond to reality. “We had one school where there had been six additions, so you’d enter in the 600 wing and the next one might be 300—there was no logic,” say Glantz. “A good floor plan is critical for first responders to be able to do their jobs.”

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TOM RYBARCZYK

bulletproof glass and strengthened framing are worth the considerable expense. Receptionists should be equipped with a fastresponse lockdown system and a buzzer (also known as a panic button) that directly signals local police. “We’re putting in a lot of those buzzers,” says Nagaglioni. “If the receptionist has a problem, the safest thing is just to buzz. There may not be an issue, but it accelerates the process if there is one.” Visitors should be asked for their driver’s licenses. There are systems that can do a quick background check to determine if the person is a sex offender or other security risk. Visitors should be given badges (to be worn at all times) and buzzed or escorted through a second heavily secured door leading into the main part of the building. “Every teacher and staff member should be taught to look for that badge,” says Corgan’s Smith. “Anyone without a badge should immediately be escorted back to the front office.” If your design—whether for new construction or retrofit—meets the above standard, you’re on your way to a much more secure building. But two common situations have to be addressed. The first is the I-need-to-use-the-toilet-real-bad problem. Since schools are public buildings, it’s hard to deny access for such a request. But what if it’s just an excuse to get into the school and cause havoc?

Mark classroom windows with large numerals so ﬁrst responders can quickly ﬁnd a room where an intruder is reported to be hiding. For the same reason, mark classroom doors with numerals at least three inches high.

disputes. “I get 10 or 12 of those a year,” says Collin County (Texas) Sheriff Deputy George White. “I get the noncustodial dad who says, ‘I’m coming to the school to get my kid,’ and the angry mom who doesn’t want her ex-husband’s girlfriend to pick up the child,” he says. Situations like these can boil up into potentially violent confrontations, says White, SRO for Anna (Texas) ISD. The design solution is to program in a “counseling room” off the vestibule for use by the SRO to —Jim LaPosta, JCJ Architecture cool down an angry adult, or for the school counselor to hold sessions that could turn nasty. As with the The solution, where feasible, is to have a restroom, this space should have restricted restroom adjacent to the security vestibule access to the main building. but still short of the secure door to the main It’s a lot easier to create a security building. It’s not the perfect answer, but it’s vestibule with new construction than it is better than letting visitors use restrooms in to adapt an existing building. In many older student areas. school buildings, the main ofﬁce is located The other problem is angry parents, deep in the core of the building, so that visiespecially those involved in custody tors have to walk through the hallways to

‘One teacher propping open a door with a rock can defeat a million-dollar security system.”

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get screened—hardly an ideal scenario. The same goes for zoning the school to separate the classroom wings from any spaces where the public might have routine access—meeting rooms used by the community, for example. Once again, it’s easier to create separate zones when you’re working with a blank slate than it is in a retroﬁt. For older schools, Broadbank recommends separating the spaces with commercial-grade or even blastproof doors equipped with maglocks, so that the doors can be locked down in the event of a security intrusion.

SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: SHALL THE TWAIN EVER MEET? Just as designers are wary of making schools look like prisons in the name of security, they’re also concerned about security trumping daylighting and views of the outdoors, which are believed to beneﬁt student and teacher performance. “You can’t make every pane of glass bulletproof,” says Heery’s

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special report – part one DESIGNING FOR SCHOOL SECURITY

‘We empower everyone, even the kitchen staff, to sound the alarm and call for a lockdown and lockout if something doesn’t look right.’ —Pat Lamb, Irving (Texas) ISD David Waggoner. “You want to do as much as you can within the finite resources.” One place where experts agree that bulletproof or ballistic-resistant glass is a must is the reception area in the security vestibule. As for other measures, laminated film or glass won’t stop bullets but could slow down an intruder. Ballistic fabrics can be applied behind drywall. Blast curtains may be effective, but they block the sun when in use. And fire chiefs may be concerned that hardened windows may be difficult to break through in the event of a fire. This does not mean that designers should give up on using glass in schools. Applying CPTED principles, the argument can be made that glass provides improved lines of sight, so that an intruder can be spotted more quickly. “First responders want to be able to see into the building,” says JCJ Architecture’s Jim LaPosta. In a post–Sandy Hook world, though, Building Teams will have to plug a security factor into their energy and daylighting models for new and reconstructed schools. Laposta, who testified as an expert before the Governor’s Commission on the Newtown shootings, says the final report is unlikely to go so far as to recommend bulletproof glass in every Connecticut school building window. “A lot comes down to general building layout, situational awareness—designing a building with good sight lines, so if something looks out of place, you’re aware of it as soon as possible,” he says. Response time in shooting incidents has been about three to eight minutes, he notes. “If you can buy three or four minutes you can reduce the harm by moving people out of way, locking them down, and creating a secure site.” +

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THE EDITORS WISH TO THANK THESE EXPERTS FOR THEIR HELP IN THE PRODUCTION OF THIS SPECIAL REPORT: Rebecca Baibak, AIA, LEED AP BD+C Principal, Integrus Architecture

John Laney, Chief Operations Officer North Texas Communications

Alan Brockbank, CPP, CSC, President B-Secure Consulting

Irene Nigaglioni, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, CEFP, Partner, PBK Architects

David Esquith, Director Office of Safe and Healthy Students U.S. Department of Education

Ed Schmidt, AIA, NOMA, CEFPI Principal and Executive Director Fanning Howey

Kenneth M. Glantz, Executive Director National Domestic Preparedness Coalition

Susan Smith, AIA, LEED AP, Vice President Corgan Associates Inc.

Larry D. Johnson, Assistant Superintendent & Executive Director Public Safety/School Security Grand Rapids (Mich.) Public Schools

Ronald Stephens, PhD, Executive Director National School Safety Center

Pat Lamb, Director School Safety & Operations Irving (Texas) ISD Ron Lander, CPP, CMAS, PSM, CEO Ultrasafe Security Specialists James LaPosta, FAIA, LEED AP Principal, Chief Architectural Officer JCJ Architecture

Doug Titus, CFM, Business Development Manager–Education ASSA ABLOY Kenneth S. Trump, MPA, President National School Safety and Security Services David Waggoner, AIA, CEFP, LEED AP BD+C, Vice President Heery International Collin County Sheriff Deputy George White Anna (Texas) ISD

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Electronic Security Association, “Electronic Security Guidelines for Schools,” June 1, 2013, at: www.esaweb.org/resource/resmgr/ESAResources/Guidelines_-_School_Security.pdf. American Clearinghouse on Educational Facilities http://www.acefacilities.org/CampusSafety.aspx ASIS School Safety & Security Committee https://www.asisonline.org/Membership/ Member-Center/Councils/schoolsafety/Pages/ default.aspx Council of Educational Facilities Planners International, “Safe Schools: A Best Practices Guide,” Spring 2013, at: http://media.cefpi.org/ SafeSchoolsGuide.pdf National Association of School Security and Law Enforcement Officials nassleo.org

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National Institute of Crime Prevention http://www.nicp.net/ North Carolina Division of School Support – School Planning, “Public Schools of North Carolina: Facilities Guidelines,” May 2013, at: http://www.schoolclearinghouse.org/pubs/ FacilityGuidelines2013.pdf, and “Design of Schools to Resist Violent Attack,” January 2008, at: http://www.schoolclearinghouse.org/pubs/ DesignSafeSchools.pdf Readiness and Emergency Management for Schools Technical Assistance Center rems.ed.gov Sandy Hook Advisory Commission Interim Report, March 18, 2013, at: http://www. governor.ct.gov/malloy/lib/malloy/SHAC_ Interim_Report_2013.03.18.pdf

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special report – part two DESIGNING FOR SCHOOL SECURITY

16 RECOMMENDATIONS ON

security technology

COURTESY SIMPLEXGRINNELL

TO TAKE TO YOUR K-12 CLIENTS

BY ROBERT CASSIDY, EDITORIAL DIRECTOR

‘W

ill a camera stop crime? No, but it can be a deterrent,” says Pat Lamb, School Safety Director, Irving (Texas) Independent School District. Technology is an important component of school security, but it is no panacea. The good news is that security technology keeps getting better and better. But security hardware and software—and the systems integration expertise that goes with it—does not come cheap. Based on advice from the technical experts consulted for this Special Report, here are key technology-related considerations you should discuss with your school district clients:

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1. Look for PTZ cameras, which point, tilt, and zoom. Due to their ability to cover more space on an active basis, you may be able to use fewer cameras with PTZs, thus saving money for your K-12 client. 2. Make sure cameras provide facial recognition at all entry points to the building. The receptionist should not have to ask visitors, “Could you please step back so I can see your face?” 3. Cameras should be capable of at least seven frames/second, says Ultrasafe Security’s Ron Lander, a veteran of 23 years with the LA County Sheriff’s Department.

4. Cameras should be positioned to afford good sight lines down hallways, into stairwells, and outside restrooms and locker areas. 5. Cameras should have bullet-resistant domes and should not freeze. And never use a “dummy” camera—they don’t serve as a deterrent, says security consultant Ken Glantz. 6. Go for IP-based surveillance systems, rather than analog. “Anyone who’s running coaxial cameras today is outdated,” says Larry Johnson, Security Director, Grand Rapids (Mich.) Public Schools.

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‘Architects need to look into the technology of the 21st century. IP-based systems set a new standard for today.’ —John Laney, North Texas Communications

7. Investigate PoE, or “power over Ethernet,” for school districts’ camera and door-locking systems, advises John Laney, Chief Operations Officer, North Texas Communications. PoE passes electrical power along with data on Ethernet cabling. This greatly reduces the amount of wiring needed and makes it much easier to retrofit older schools, says Laney. 8. All doors with access to the exterior should able to be locked down; if held open more than, say, 30 seconds, a “Door Open” alarm should be sent to the front office and the School Resource Officer. 9. For retrofits, look into locking systems that let you secure doors through the crash bar or door strike, thus making the “open back door” problem much less of a security risk. 10. Help the school district decide on the appropriate locking protocol for classroom doors. Teachers should have the ability to lock doors from the inside, but there should be a failsafe to prevent children from doing so. There are systems that allow the principal to lock down all classroom doors in an emergency, but the teacher should still be able to open the door to let a child in. In no case should a teacher have to lock the door from outside the classroom.

how security in schools APPLIES TO OTHER BUILDING TYPES Many of the principles and concepts described in our Special Report on K-12 security also apply to other building types and markets. AEC Building Teams should work with their clients to conduct a version of the “threat assessment” described in this Special Report. Such an evaluation should start at the property line and work inward. Many of the questions that a security team would use in a K-12 threat assessment could be applied to office buildings, hospitals, outpatient facilities, hotels, university buildings, stadiums, convention centers, municipal and state government buildings, and other places of congregation: • Are there exterior conditions that could compromise security—untrimmed bushes that could provide cover for intruders, or unlocked trash receptacles that could become hiding places for weapons or explosives? • Are exit doors fitted with alarms in case they are propped open? • Are visitors, tenants, and other building users “funneled” to a main entry point where surveillance at various levels can be conducted? • Do the security cameras work? Does anyone monitor them? How often? As our report shows, design and technology are vital to the safety of children, teachers, and staff in schools, but if the staff and users of other building types are not educated in emergency procedures and don’t rehearse them, the damage from an untoward incident could rise significantly. Staff training and periodic rehearsals in security measures should be de rigueur for virtually every kind of building with public access—hospitals, retail and office facilities, college student unions, performing arts centers, movie theaters, and so on. Our report raised the sustainability vs. security question for schools, but that quandary also applies to other public or quasi-public building types and uses, such as office buildings, college residence halls and classrooms, hotel lobbies, and restaurants. Owners and users of these buildings—not to mention the architects, engineers, and construction professionals who design and build them—all want as much natural light as the energy model will permit, but daylighting requires lots of glass, and that could raise concerns about security. Building Teams need to work with their owner clients to balance these occasionally conflicting demands. One of the surprising findings from our exclusive survey of BD+C subscribers was that fully one-third of respondents (33.8%) said they were unfamiliar with Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, and that only about one in six respondents (16.4%) said they (or their firms) used CPTED principles on a routine basis in K-12 projects. These respondents were selected on the basis of their heavy involvement in school projects. If they don’t know about CPTED for schools, is it also the case that those who design and build other kinds of public or semi-public facilities have no training in security-related matters? That would be very disturbing.

what about METAL DETECTORS? Stationary metal detectors may be a necessary evil in schools plagued by gang activity, but they usually aren’t effective. “The kids know how to work the system,” says Larry Johnson, Public Safety Director, Grand Rapids (Mich.) Public Schools. Instead, Johnson equips his 40 SROs with handheld scanners. “We do it randomly and unannounced,” he says. “Sometimes we

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run every kid, some days it’s every third or every fifth.” Inspections have their place, but Johnson prefers to have his officers spend their time gaining students’ trust. “We’ve taken weapons out of our schools, and the information has come from other students who knew about the weapons,” says Johnson.

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video system gives SRO TWO EXTRA SETS OF EYES 11. Manual key systems are passé. Keys are too easy to duplicate, or they get lost. IP-based door hardware is the way to go, for new schools or retrofits. 12. Mass notification systems—for robocalls to first responders, parents, and staff—are readily available from manufacturers, but remind school officials that, with people changing their mobile providers all the time, correct phone numbers have to be constantly updated.

14. Make sure bus drivers’ radios tie in to the main office or to local police—or both. “With some of these systems, the driver can only talk to the bus garage, and the garage has to call the police,” says security consultant Alan Brockbank. “Precious seconds can be lost, and those few seconds matter.” 15. School buildings should have at least a 100-kW UPS power backup for cameras, DVRs, and annunciation/notification systems. UPS systems should be tested on a regular basis and properly maintained. 16. For new and retrofit lighting, consider LEDs. “They’re a little expensive, but the ROI is fantastic, and you want good lighting for security purposes,” says Lander. “If it comes to a hostage situation, you need light, because not every first responder is going to have a nightscope.” One last suggestion: Because security technology is changing so fast, your firm should assign a staff member to monitor new products, their costs, and their capabilities, not just for use in schools, but in any security-sensitive sector where your firm has a strong presence—retail, hotel, office, financial services, government, and defense. +

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JAYME HAWTHORNE

13. Work with the school district security team to ﬁnd the best options for intercom systems, alarm annunciators, internal notiﬁcation systems, and two-way radios.

Collin County Sheriff Deputy George White checks a hallway in one of Anna (Texas) ISD’s buildings while monitoring two others on his iPad and Galaxy S4 smartphone.

Anna ISD, about 50 miles north of Dallas, is one of the fastest-growing school districts in Texas. Several years ago, as the district was about to build a new $58 million school to go along with two elementary schools, a middle school, and an admin/special programs building, Bradley Copass, the district’s IT Director at the time, was worried about his security system. “It was just not reliable,” he later recalled. The staff had trouble controlling or operating the 140 or so cameras. Sometimes two or three weeks of video would be lost. Copass dreamed of having a fully integrated system. “I wanted to tie alarms to doors, so that if somebody didn’t have a badge or pulled a door open, we could flag that camera and pull up video from either direction,” he said. Copass turned to John Laney, Chief Operations Officer with North Texas Communications, for advice. After extensive investigation, they chose the BlueWave Security system. “We wanted a video system where the cameras could talk to the doors,” says Laney. To integrate the system, they brought in 3XLogic. It took just three days to install 3XLogic’s VIGIL Central Management software, at a cost of about $120,000. The system monitors all 140 cameras and DVRs and notifies school administrators—via email, text messaging, or local alarm screen pop-ups—of possible security incidents. “Every door is networked, so it has its own brain, even if the building loses power,” says Laney. First responders can access the system and get into any Anna ISD building. The new system also provides something that every school district in the country would love to have: the ability to “see” into more than one building at a time. This enables the ISD’s School Resource Officer to remotely pull up video cameras on his iPad or smartphone. The next step: providing that same capability to local law enforcement, so that they, too, could “see” inside any Anna ISD school in the event of an incident.

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

JANUARY 2014

AEC PROFESSIONALS WEIGH IN ON

school security An exclusive survey reveals that Building Teams are doing their part to make the nation’s schools safer in the aftermath of the Sandy Hook tragedy.

BY ROBERT CASSIDY, EDITORIAL DIRECTOR

he great majority of architects, engineers, and contractors who responded to an exclusive Building Design+Construction “School Security Survey”—61.4%—ranked “security concerns” among the top two or three priorities for the school districts they serve. As one respondent put it, “School security has come to the forefront of our designs.” The survey was conducted a month before the anniversary of the December 14, 2012, shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary School, Newtown, Conn., where 20 children and six adults were killed by a lone gunman. Only about one in ﬁve respondents (20.5%) said they experienced a rush of inquiries following the tragedy at the school. In response to Sandy Hook, AIA Iowa, Iowa Homeland Security, the State Fire Marshal, the Iowa Department of Education, and others formed the Iowa School Safety Coalition (http://www.iowaschoolsafety. org/) immediately after the event. “We publish periodic bulletins and we’re doing training on how to improve school safety,” said William M. Dikis, FAIA, NCARB, with Architectural Strategies, LLC, and the AIA Iowa representative on the coalition. Herm Harms, AIA, an architect with Puetz Corp., said K-12 clients of his that had fore-

JANUARY 2014

TABLE 1.

FROM YOUR EXPERIENCE (OR YOUR FIRM’S), WHERE DO ‘SECURITY CONCERNS’ RANK AMONG PRIORITIES IN THE SCHOOL DISTRICTS THAT YOU SERVE? WHERE DOES SECURITY RANK IN YOUR OWN (OR YOUR FIRM’S) PRIORITIES FOR SCHOOL PROJECTS? WHERE SCHOOL DISTRICTS RANK SECURITY ISSUES

WHERE I/MY FIRM RANKS SECURITY ISSUES

Among “top 2-3” priorities Somewhere in the middle Low-level priority Not a priority at all Don’t know/Not applicable

61.4% 30.2% 4.8% 0.1% 2.6%

59.6% 31.6% 4.3% 0.2% 2.9% N=461

The degree of concern about security among respondents and their professional ﬁrms closely parallels their perception of how school districts see the problem. Only a small percentage of respondents (<5%) said they view security as a low or nonexistent priority for themselves, their ﬁrms, or their school district clients.

stalled key security improvements to older buildings moved these improvements to top priority following Sandy Hook. “Even though money is tight, they’re still ﬁnding ways to make these upgrades,” he said. Other respondents, however, said they’ve been plugging away on security for a long time. “We already have a security division that is very experienced and have made a priority of door security, upgrades of keying systems, and a door access system with surveillance cameras, remote release, visitor sign-in systems, ID badges, access controls with visitor cards, vision

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 2.

FROM YOUR EXPERIENCE (OR YOUR FIRM’S), WHAT WAS THE RESPONSE TO THE SANDY HOOK ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SHOOTING INCIDENT FROM SCHOOL DISTRICTS THAT YOU SERVE? Some increase in security-related inquiries Dramatic increase in inquiries from schools About the same level of inquiries as we usually get No noticeable response Fewer security-related inquiries than normal Don’t know/Not applicable

41.6% 20.5% 16.8% 13.1% 1.1% 7.0% N=459

Three of ﬁve respondents (62.1%) recorded at least some bump in inquiries from school districts following the December 14, 2012, shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary. A substantial group (29.9%) said there was either no heightened response, or that conditions were more or less business as usual.

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special report — part three DESIGNING FOR SCHOOL SECURITY

‘It’s a ﬁne line between having a school be a welcoming place and having it look like a prison.’

constantly seeking security nirvana. “The districts we work with are continually pursuing security upgrades, both —John W. Bollinger, Boulder Valley School District technological and building modifications.” Another was panels to the front entrance, time locks, less sanguine: “They upgrade where they and screening visitors for criminal records can with the budget they have.” Carol Ross (with our police department),” said Fleur Barney, FAIA, Principal of Chicago-based Duggan, AIA, LEED AP, Construction and design firm Ross Barney Architects, said it’s ADA Manager, Fairfax County (Va.) Public a matter of priorities: “Our clients are more Schools. concerned about tornado storm protection A tiny splinter of respondents (1.7%) said than firearms.” they have no worries about security in their WHO REALLY GIVES THE schools. “We don’t have a security problem G0-AHEAD FOR SECURITY in our town,” said one. “Can’t happen IMPROVEMENTS? here,” said another. David W. Myers, Senior It’s clear from Table 3 that school offiMechanical/Plumbing Designer at LaBella cials—not parents, voters, law enforcement Associates, D.P.C., said most districts his agencies, or school designers—are the real firm works with have the situation under decision makers when it comes to upgradcontrol: “The schools already have basic ing security systems in schools. But that security measures in place and do not have doesn’t mean others shouldn’t have a say. the funding to upgrade further.” “Best practices tend to include the security Others said some school systems are expert, school administration, and local law enforcement TABLE 3. FROM YOUR EXPERIENCE (OR YOUR FIRM’S), teamed to provide a system WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE SINGLE MOST that protects the students and INFLUENTIAL PERSON OR GROUP IN DECISIONS staff and serves the needs of

RELATED TO UPGRADING SCHOOL SECURITY? School administrators/principals School boards School facility departments Architects/school designers Parents/caregivers School district security committee Local law enforcement Security consultants State/local government Voters in the school district Teachers Students

37.6% 24.4% 7.9% 7.3% 7.3% 5.1% 3.7% 2.0% 1.8% 1.8% 1.1% 0.2% N=455

School officials—administrators, principals, and board members—were deemed the power brokers when it came to decisions about improvements to K-12 security systems, according to a solid majority (62.0%) of respondents. The message for AEC firms: Work with officials in the school districts you serve to educate them on the role of security in design, construction, and master planning of their facilities.

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first responders,” said Lance C. Mushung, AIA, NCARB, Architect/Senior Associate with SSOE Group. Still, as Table 4 shows, tight school district budgets, coupled with the belief that security upgrades cost too much, impede adoption of improvements. “Most schools upgrade where they can with the budget they have,” said one respondent. Even when upgrades get the green light, said another, “The final system is typically specified below the preferred system due to costs.” “School security is a priority with parents, but not necessarily with taxpayers, even though they are often the same,” said Jim Princehorn, CPP, a Senior Security Advisor in Rochester, N.Y. “They want secure school buildings but do not realize that a K-12 school is very complex, with many entrances, many other entry points (loading docks, roof hatches, etc.), and many types of occupancy—clubs, sports, concerts, church organizations, Scout meetings—all of which complicate the planning of a secure facility. Often the access needs of one group affect the security planning of other sections of the building.” One approach may be to avoid trying to bite the whole apple. “Security upgrades

TABLE 4.

FROM YOUR EXPERIENCE (OR YOUR FIRM’S), WHAT REASONS DO SCHOOL OFFICIALS GIVE FOR NOT UPGRADING SCHOOL-BUILDING SECURITY DESIGN/SYSTEMS? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS ACCEPTED.) “No budget for security upgrades” “Initial cost too high” “Don’t want our schools to look like fortresses or prisons” “Don’t need security upgrades, existing systems are adequate” “We’ve got other priorities” “Not enough staff to watch the cameras” “Security threats can’t happen here” “Too many security options to choose from” Don’t know/not applicable

53.2% 38.8% 25.8% 22.7% 12.0% 7.7% 3.6% 2.4% 12.7% N=449

Not surprisingly, money problems—no funds allocated, systems too expensive— are the main reasons school ofﬁcials give for not upgrading their facilities’ security systems, according to AEC professionals. At the same time, respondents report only a small percentage of their clients (3.6%) aren’t worried about security threats, while nearly one-fourth (22.7%) said their K-12 clients are happy with whatever security systems they have. BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

JANUARY 2014

special report — part three DESIGNING FOR SCHOOL SECURITY

can be phased in,” said Doug Titus, CFM, an education security expert with manufacturer ASSA ABLOY Door Security Solutions. Schools can implement the highest-priority security upgrades ﬁrst, he said, then phase less crucial improvements over time.

GETTING DOWN TO THE NITTY-GRITTY—UPGRADING EXISTING SCHOOL BUILDINGS Judging by the responses in Table 5, it would seem impossible to ﬁnd an existing school, no matter how new, that didn’t have

some security deficiencies. And remediating older schools for security purposes is no picnic. “Design is so much more difficult (as in strategic) when retrofitting a quartercentury-old (or even older) facility, as most educational facilities are,” said Connecticut architect and Certified Architectural Historian James Gibbs, AIA, NCARB. Whether certain technical experts should be included in planning security upgrades is another consideration. Looking at Table 6, James E. LaPosta, Jr., FAIA, LEED AP, Principal/Chief Architectural Officer with JCJ Architecture, said, “I would have expected a higher

‘Design is much more difﬁcult when retroﬁtting a quarter-century-old facility.’ —James Gibbs

TABLE 5.

FOR UPGRADES OR RECONSTRUCTION OF EXISTING K-12 SCHOOLS, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SECURITY-RELATED CONCERNS HAVE YOU (OR HAS YOUR FIRM) ENCOUNTERED? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS ACCEPTED.)

Inadequate design of front-office entryway Open/unlocked exit doors Inadequate perimeter protection (fencing, gates, bollards, etc.) Inadequate or inoperable CCTV/video camera system No visitor check-in (identification, visitor badge) Inadequate security lighting (exterior or interior) Unable to lock classroom doors from interior Unsecure parking conditions Compromised master key system (missing keys) Unsafe exterior conditions/hiding places (bushes, trees, trash containers, electrical vaults, etc.) Malfunctioning or outdated annunciator/communication system Inadequate or insufficient security-related signage Insufficient IT bandwidth to support security system Unrestricted access to roof, basement, stairwells, hallways, or mechanical spaces No security-related problems in our K-12 school reconstruction projects Don’t know/not applicable

68.0% 59.5% 49.4% 48.3% 38.7% 37.0% 36.8% 36.4% 36.4%

32.7% 20.3% 13.4% 20.1% 4.1% 8.2%

That ol’ bugaboo of school security—poor entryway design—was reported by more than two-thirds of respondents (68.0%), followed closely by open-exit-door syndrome (59.5%). The wide array of security shortcomings reported by survey respondents may be the most important indication of the signiﬁcant risk at which existing schools are operating.

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BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 6.

IN THE LAST TWO YEARS OR SO, HAVE YOU (OR HAS YOUR FIRM) INVOLVED A SECURITY CONSULTANT OR LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY IN SECURITY PLANNING FOR NEW OR RECONSTRUCTED K-12 SCHOOLS? No, or very rarely No, but we intend to do so in the future Yes, occasionally, if requested by the school district Yes, we do this on almost all K-12 school projects Yes, we have security expertise on staff Yes, occasionally, if we perceive a need Don’t know/not applicable

38.0% 10.2% 12.6% 11.7% 9.3% 7.2% 10.9% N=460

A fairly even split was evident between respondents who said they use a security consultant or law enforcement agency for school planning or have security expertise on staff (40.8%) and those who do not (38.0%), with another 10.2% saying they plan to do so in the future.

TABLE 7.

34.4%

N=462

percentage of engagement with law enforcement or security.” Tech consultants also seem frustrated when school districts dismiss their expertise. “The trouble we ﬁnd as integrators is ﬁnding school districts that will take the responsibility to train and understand the layers of security and how to implement those layers for an effective security solution,” said John Laney, a systems integrator with North Texas Communications. Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) drew support from many respondents (Table 7), including Doug Lau, AIA, LEED AP, with Brian R. Bloom–Architect. “We always seek ways to make the

DO YOU (OR DOES YOUR FIRM) USE ‘CPTED’ (CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN) STRATEGIES IN YOUR K-12 SCHOOL PROJECTS? No, or very rarely No, but we intend to use CPTED in the future Yes, we use CPTED routinely as a matter of practice Yes, if requested by the school district Yes, we use CPTED when it is required Don’t know/not familiar with CPTED

19.7% 8.3% 16.4% 12.3% 9.4% 33.8% N=417

A majority of respondents (53.5%) either have no familiarity with CPTED (33.8%) or have used it only rarely (19.7%). On the positive side, a sizable contingent (38.1%) use CPTED in school projects, with another 8.3% saying they plan to do so in the future.

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architecture address environmental needs, and using CPTED principles makes sense for designing new education facilities,” he said. “We use architectural passive solutions to address security, then use electronic systems as an additional layer of risk management.”

LITTLE RED SCHOOLHOUSE— OR THE NEXT FORT KNOX? One ongoing concern has to do with the image of the school in our culture. There’s a strong aversion, particularly among architects, to making school buildings look hardened. “Unless we build schools like fortresses or windowless prisons (instead of friendly community places of learning and interaction), and spend millions on security and security staff, no amount of reasonable security will stop [such incidents] from happening,” said Daniel E. Michal, NCARB, Senior Project Architect, Hatch Mott MacDonald.

Schools don’t have to look like fortresses to be more secure, said Alan Brockbank, CPP, CSS, President, B-Secure Consulting. “Most schools can beneﬁt from developing and enforcing security-related procedures, from security awareness training for staff, faculty, administrators, bus drivers, students, parents, and community members, and from assessing their current systems to ensure they are working properly,” he said. Balancing the demand for higher levels of security with the aspiration for highquality design takes seasoned judgment, said John W. Bollinger, PE, Mechanical Engineer/Project Manager, Boulder Valley (Colo.) SD. “It’s a ﬁne line to walk between having a school be a welcoming place and having it look like a prison,” he said. “We need to be conscious of the security needs while still making the building function as a community resource.”

TABLE 8.

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SECURITY PRODUCTS OR SYSTEMS HAVE YOU (OR HAS YOUR FIRM) SPECIFIED OR USED IN A K-12 SCHOOL PROJECT IN THE LAST 18-24 MONTHS? Access control systems (locks, key controls, emergency exit door hardware, gate/portal access control, security door hardware) Communications systems (call boxes, two-way radio, IP ceiling/wall speakers, IP horns, RFID/NFC systems, annunciation systems, mass notification, emergency signaling/ PA systems, panic buzzers, alarm control panels) Protective lighting (security lighting, IP lighting, perimeter/area lighting, LED lighting) Video surveillance systems (CCTV, video cameras, IP cameras, digital recorders, archiving/backup systems, data recovery, video intercom) Intrusion detection (security alarms, motion/object detectors, metal detectors, panic control) Network security systems integration (IP networking systems, UPS backup, integrated management/BAS systems, fire/life safety systems) Identification/authentication systems (card/badge readers, printers) Security/emergency signage Physical barriers (perimeter protection, security fences, bollards, protection barriers, retractable wedges) Building hardening systems (blast-resistant glass/film/walls, security doors)

81.7%

71.9%

—Dale Junttila

TAKING THE BIG-PICTURE VIEW Schools need to take a comprehensive approach to security, said Charles A. Berns, President, R. L. Sohol General Contractors, Inc. School perimeters must be protected. Academic areas should be segregated from community activity areas. Perimeter doors must be operable and equipped with electriﬁed sockets for lockdown. Intercoms and two-way radios have to be fully operational. Proper security lighting must be in place. Entryways must be designed for positive visitor control. Most important, said Berns, “Security must be applied in a consistent and uniform manner across the school district.” Looking at the panoply of security options in Table 8, Dale Junttila, President of Finnwood, a facilities project management ﬁrm in Eden Prairie, Minn., said, “Even with all these security measures in full working order, an individual or group might still breach the school.” His conclusion: “We can certainly make school facilities more secure, but we can’t make them perfect.” +

71.9% 68.9% 51.3% 51.3%

50.6% 38.2% 30.0% 26.5% N=437

AEC firms are installing plenty of access control, communications, protective lighting, and video surveillance systems in K-12 schools, judging by the high level of response to specification or use of these components. Yet barely half have employed intrusion detection (51.3%) or identification systems (50.6%), which security consultants say should be important elements of any school security system. Even security/emergency signage seemed low (38.2%).

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‘We can certainly make school facilities more secure, but we can’t make them perfect.’

METHODOLOGY The survey was conducted November 18–25, 2013, across a sample of 9,929 current subscribers to Building Design+Construction who are actively involved in the design and construction of K-12 schools and who specify security and life/safety products and systems. A $25 gift certificate was awarded as an incentive to the first 10 respondents to complete the survey. A total of 462 usable responses were recorded, resulting in a margin of error of 4.45% at the 95% confidence level. Respondents by profession: architects, 58.2%; engineers, 20.8%; construction professionals, 17.3%; others (including school officials, security consultants), 3.7%.

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

JANUARY 2014

RIVERBEND DISTRICT, HARRISON, N.J.

COURTESY PERKINS EASTMAN

COURTESY ADVANCE REALTY

Blocks E and F of the Riverbend District in Harrison, N.J., have been approved for 296 units apiece, in addition to 345- and 393-unit apartment buildings already under way in the zone. The transitoriented community’s growth should be greatly facilitated when a $256 million reconstruction of the local PATH station is completed in 2017.

ECONOMIC GROWTH SPARKS

urban renaissance Slowed by the recession—and often by protracted negotiations—some big redevelopment plans are now moving ahead. Here’s a sampling of major mixed-use projects poised to remake the urban landscape. BY JULIE S. HIGGINBOTHAM, SENIOR EDITOR

RIVERBEND DISTRICT, HARRISON, N.J. Developer: Advance Realty The scope: Eighty acres of brownﬁeld redevelopment across the Passaic River from Newark, a 20-minute PATH train ride from New York City. The waterfront site is slated to include retailing, ofﬁces, residential, hospitality, and park projects. The story: Previously known as the MetroCentre, this former industrial zone consists of remediated land once used for steel-pipe manufacturing. Riverbend is part of a larger Waterfront Redevelopment Project: a plan to revitalize 250 acres, or about a third of the city. Progress has been slowed by the recession, by delayed expansion of the PATH station (now under way), by Superstorm Sandy, and by a tax battle between Harrison and the New York Red Bulls soccer team, which occupies an arena that opened adjacent to Riverbend in 2010. Much of the dust has now settled, and mixed-use projects are moving once

JANUARY 2014

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

again. Advance just completed a 48,500-sf build-to-suit tech center for Panasonic Corp. of North America in Riverbend’s “North Pad” section, consisting of engineering offices, lab space, and testing facilities. What’s next: Officials hope continued development—abetted by generous, if sometimes controversial, tax financing—will enable a larger city revitalization over the next decade. Ironstate Development, Pegasus Group, Heller Urban Renewal, Steiner Equities, and Russo Development are all building residential properties in the redevelopment zone, and a Starwood Element hotel will open this year. Within Riverbend, Advance plans a Q1 groundbreaking for Phase 1 (139 units) of a 345-unit multifamily development, including 18,000 sf of retail space, plus parking. Approvals are in place for two future Advance residential buildings of 296 units apiece, and the company has sold one Riverbend block to Russo, which already has a 393-unit apartment building under construction.

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trends analysis report

CANALSIDE, BUFFALO, N.Y. Buffalo’s Canalside, at the western end of the historic Erie Canal, is a public-private initiative intended to revitalize Western New York’s waterfront. Cultural and entertainment features will be the primary draw. The $172 million HARBORcenter mixed-use project next to the NHL Sabres’ arena will also draw people to the area.

CANALSIDE, BUFFALO, N.Y. Developer: Erie Canal Harbor Development Corporation (a subsidiary of Empire State Development, a state agency) The scope: Twenty-one acres where the western terminus of the Erie Canal meets the Buffalo River, encompassing up to 1.1 million developable sf of cultural, entertainment, retail, commercial, and residential uses. A combination of public and private investments totaling $460 million is projected. The story: Buffalo is in the midst of a rebirth, symbolized by the burgeoning Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus and a new med school for the University at Buffalo. The Erie Canal Harbor Development Corporation was founded in 2005 with the goal of stimulating the city’s economy by leveraging its historic—but dilapidated—waterfront. Demolition, remediation, and basic infrastructure improvements were completed in 2008, and EE&K, now part of Perkins Eastman, created a master plan. Outdoor concerts, plays, and a kayak and water bike facility are already drawing nearly a million visitors a year to Canalside, which is accessible by foot, bicycle, car, and boat. Benderson Development just finished the district’s first private-sector project: One Canalside, a $30 million adaptive reuse of a former state office building for a Courtyard by Marriott, four floors of offices, and ground-level retailing. Next door, ECHDC’s newly completed East Canal project recently created a $5 million public park. What’s next: The EDCHD Board has approved a plan to fund core-andshell construction for two facilities and full build-out of a third (including a restaurant and children’s museum) on the South Aud Block, one of Canalside’s most prominent parcels. The agency is also proceeding with street improvements, bike trail amenities, a boat and kayak launch, parking, and interpretive signage. The $23 million Public Canals project, which realigns waterways with the historic canal at the site of the former

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SOLOMON CORDWELL BUENZ / COURTESY TRAMMELL CROW

URBAN REDEVELOPMENT

This stepped tower is the initial phase of the GreenWater development, a mixed-use project on the site of a former water treatment plant.

GREENWATER (BLOCK 1), AUSTIN, TEXAS Memorial Auditorium, will be ﬁnished this year. City ofﬁcials hope to implement a far larger Inner Harbor Plan, including additional residential and mixed-use districts.

GREENWATER (BLOCK 1), AUSTIN, TEXAS Developer: Trammell Crow Company (joint venture with The Hanover Company) The scope: The overall GreenWater development encompasses five city blocks. Potential uses include offices, retail, residential, hospitality, assisted living, and public green space. Over the years, about 1.75 million sf of facilities has been discussed for the site. The story: Austin has been preparing to redevelop the former Thomas C. Green Water Treatment Plant—one of two large mixed-use projects to be created on outdated city infrastructure sites—for a decade. The city entered into a master development agreement with TCC in 2012. Solomon Cordwell Buenz is designing Block 1, the first of four phases now envisioned. The proposed 38-story mixed-use building would include 436 apartments atop street-level stores, plus office space. What’s next: Groundbreaking is projected for Q2, with completion in 2015. The build-out schedule for the entire parcel remains tentative. Development at the nearby decommissioned Seaholm Power Plant is also under way, with a 30-story luxury condo tower expected to be ready by the first quarter of 2015. (Seaholm Power LLC and CIM Group are working with Urbanspace Real Estate on that project.)

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

JANUARY 2014

COURTESY HOLLYWOOD PARK LAND CO.

Housing and retailing will be the primary uses for Hollywood Park Tomorrow, which will be built on 268 acres formerly occupied by a horse track. A sustainable focus will include energy and water conservation that adhere to residential Energy Star standards, as well as native landscaping, stormwater management, and extensive construction waste recycling.

HOLLYWOOD PARK TOMORROW

HOLLYWOOD PARK TOMORROW, INGLEWOOD, CALIF. Developer: Wilson Meany and financial partner Stockbridge Capital Partners, dba Hollywood Park Land Company The scope: A 238-acre community anchored by a renovated 100,000-sf casino, approved for 2,995 residences (condos, townhouses, and single-family homes), a 620,000-sf shopping district with a movie theater and restaurants, a 300-room hotel, up to 75,000-sf of offices, 25 acres of parkland, and four acres reserved for civic use. The story: The development team bought the fabled Hollywood Park horse track from owner Churchill Downs more than eight years ago for $254 million. In 2009, the city approved entitlements essential to executing a master plan created by Cooper, Robertson & Partners. However, the anemic economy has delayed action. The proposed “green community” would ultimately require an estimated $2 billion investment. Participants already on board include BCV Architects, Quarto Design Group, SWA Group, and Mia Lehrer & Associates. What’s next: The developer advised the state racing board that fall 2013 would be the track’s final season—a sign that change is imminent. Decommissioning of the track, and demolition of everything but the existing gaming facility, are scheduled for Q1. Once the site is cleared, contractors will start the initial phase of retail construction, parks, and residential pads that will be sold to merchant builders. Delivery of the first residential sections and retail stores is expected in 2016 and 2017, with complete site build-out by about 2021. (The Meany/Stockbridge team is also redeveloping San Mateo’s Bay Meadows racetrack for an 83-acre mixed-use community, a project ongoing since 2003.)

NEW DOMINO, BROOKLYN, N.Y.

NEW DOMINO, BROOKLYN, N.Y. Developer: Two Trees Management Company The scope: Eleven acres in the Williamsburg neighborhood, encompassing an estimated $1.5 billion investment in 3.3 million sf of residential, ofﬁce, and commercial space. The central element is a

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BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

Brooklyn’s waterfront will change dramatically if the plan proposed by Two Trees Management, architect SHoP, and landscape architect James Corner Field Operations is built. Putting tall buildings on the site provides a mix of market-rate and affordable housing in a compact footprint, leaving more open public space. The historic sugar reﬁnery will be renovated for ofﬁces.

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trends analysis report URBAN REDEVELOPMENT

COURTESY MCCAFFERY INTERESTS / SOM

LAKESIDE, CHICAGO

COURTESY SHOP ARCHITECTS

Domino sugar refinery that operated from the 1880s to 2004. The story: Purchased in 2004 by developers CPC Resources and Katan Group, the prominent property on the East River was previously the target of a city-approved master plan by Rafael Viñoly Architects. The deal fell apart in 2010, and current developer Two Trees—which has a strong track record in remaking old industrial blocks into Brooklyn’s trendy DUMBO neighborhood—bought the site shortly thereafter. A new master plan by SHoP and James Corner Field Operations includes adaptive reuse of a landmarked Domino building for offices. Four new residential-commercial towers of up to 55 stories are also planned, reflecting the scale of the nearby Williamsburg Bridge. Two Towers aims for neighborhood appeal with a school, a recreation center, more than 5 acres of parkland including a quarter-mile of waterfront green space, and 660 affordable apartments, or about a third of the total units. The developer says the current design, which calls for fewer but taller buildings than the prior master plan, ensures more open space and better access to amenities for all residents. What’s next: Another round of civic approvals. Two Trees hopes to start construction this year.

LAKESIDE, CHICAGO

Developer: Chicago Lakeside Development LLC (a joint venture between McCaffery Interests and US Steel) The scope: Encompassing the site of US Steel’s former South Works plant and surrounding neighborhoods, this 600-acre parcel with spectacular views of downtown and Lake Michigan is being master planned

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Innovative infrastructure is planned to support Lakeside, a 600-acre mixed-use community at the intersection of Lake Michigan and the Calumet River. The ﬁrst phase, Market Common, will emphasize housing, retail, and entertainment facilities to begin to draw new residents to the formerly isolated area.

by SOM as a super-green mixed-use community. The developer projects more than 13,000 residential units, 17.5 million sf of retail, 125 acres of parkland, a 1,500-slip marina, and a new public high school. The story: The South Works shut down in 1992, and Chicago ofﬁcials, US Steel, McCaffery, SOM, community groups, and other partners have been working on remediation, and plans for a new neighborhood, ever since. The city’s South Shore is sorely in need of an economic reboot; Phase 1 redevelopment, a 76-acre “Market Common” with a mix of housing, ofﬁces, and retail, is intended to help provide critical mass. Research facilities are also proposed, perhaps related to the LEED-ND community’s advanced infrastructure. Plans call for a complete new utility system for sustainable power, heating, and cooling, including creative use of cogeneration, lakewater cooling, and waste recycling. Developers are also trying to persuade Barack Obama to choose the site for a future presidential library. What’s next: The city approved $98 million in RDA and TIF funding for Phase 1 in 2010. A two-mile extension of South Lake Shore Drive, a crucial enabling development connecting Lakeside to downtown Chicago and points north, was completed late last year. McCaffery Interests’ Chairman/CEO Dan McCaffery reports active negotiations with building developers, particularly in the research and retail sectors. A complete build-out could take more than 30 years.

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

JANUARY 2014

COURTESY PERKINS EASTMAN

The Southwest Waterfront of the nation’s capital is scheduled to be turned into a busy urban neighborhood, with an emphasis on residential space, ofﬁces, and cultural and recreational amenities.

THE WHARF, WASHINGTON, D.C.

Developer: Hoffman-Madison Waterfront (joint venture of PN Hoffman & Associates and Madison Marquette), in partnership with the District of Columbia The scope: Twenty-seven acres on the Washington Channel adjacent to the National Mall, as well as 52 acres of water from the Municipal Fish Market to Fort McNair. An investment of $2 billion and a total of 3.2 million sf is planned, plus public open space. Phase 1 will encompass about 1.5 million sf, including offices, residential units, three hotels, shops, restaurants, three piers, and a three-acre waterfront park. The story: The Southwest Waterfront, once a bustling zone of warehouses, docks, and tall ships, was an active commercial site for more than a century. As with many urban harbors, it fell into decay as transportation and shipping patterns changed, becoming isolated The Georgian architecture of a now-demolished textile mill from the rest of D.C. due to interand surrounding village set state highway construction. The the tone for the new North multi-agency Anacostia Waterfront Carolina Research Campus, a massive project north of Initiative was created in 2000 to Charlotte combining intensive hash out a framework for developresearch with housing, retail ment. The master plan by EE&K facilities, and parks. (now part of Perkins Eastman) calls for about a dozen mixed-use buildings, ranging from two to 12 stories. Offices will be a primary use (960,000 sf is projected), along with 680 hotel rooms, 1,300 residential units (sale and rental), parking, and a flat-floor, 6,000capacity music hall that fills a needed niche among local venues. Water-based development will NORTH CAROLINA RESEARCH include a marina, 550 boat slips,

JANUARY 2014

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

CAMPUS, KANNAPOLIS

COURTESY CREECH & ASSOCIATES

THE WHARF (SOUTHWEST WATERFRONT), WASHINGTON, D.C.

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COURTESY SHOP ARCHITECTS / BEYER BLINDER BELLE

Essex Crossing in the Bronx is the result of intensive negotiation between the city, citizens, and commercial interests. A mix of affordable and market-rate housing will overlook ample green space. “Artisanal” local retailers, rather than chains, will be emphasized as commercial tenants.

trends analysis report URBAN REDEVELOPMENT

ESSEX CROSSING, NEW YORK CITY

and four public piers. Developers emphasize that the LEED-ND Gold project is being planned as a local neighborhood first and a tourist attraction second. What’s next: The DC Zoning Commission approved the first phase in January 2013, followed by federal approval last summer. Phase 1 will break ground this year, including entertainment venues, about 900 residential units, two office buildings, 200,000 sf of retail, and a 278-room Intercontinental Hotel. Developers hope occupancy will begin by mid 2017. Phase 2, completing the build out, should commence in 2018.

NORTH CAROLINA RESEARCH CAMPUS/COMMUNITY, KANNAPOLIS Developer: Castle & Cooke The scope: This 350-acre property, formerly the site of a textile mill, was acquired in 2004 by David H. Murdock, Chairman and owner of Dole Food Company. Murdock also owns Castle & Cooke, which is developing a billion-dollar campus consisting of research, medical, commercial, civic, and residential projects. The story: Situated 20 miles north of Charlotte, the NCRC has seen steady construction of lab and support buildings since 2008. Nine universities, the private David H. Murdock Research Institute, and multiple companies—including Dole, General Mills, and Monsanto— are doing research at the site, focused on human health, nutrition, and agriculture. Rowan-Cabarrus Community College’s biotech and nursing programs are also now based at the campus. But the NCRC, with about a million sf already built, goes far beyond the typical research park, particularly in terms of government participation and mixed-use dreams. Carbarrus Health Alliance, the region’s public health agency, opened a facility there in 2012, and a medical center run by Carolinas HealthCare System was completed last summer. The master plan by Creech & Associates projects an entire community in the Georgian style established by the historic mill,

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encompassing housing, retail facilities, and parks. What’s next: Kannapolis broke ground late last year on a new city hall and police station for which Murdock donated campus land. The 100,000-sf facility makes a strong statement regarding the identiﬁcation of the city with the campus. DataChambers is building a 50,000-sf data center to serve the NCRC and other regional clients. According to David Creech, AIA, head of Creech & Associates, multifamily construction will also move ahead in the near future, with associated retailing down the line.

ESSEX CROSSING, NEW YORK CITY Developer: Delancey Street Associates (a joint venture composed of L&M Development, BFC Partners, and Taconic Investment Partners). Collaborating partners include The Prusik Group, Grand Street Settlement, and Educational Alliance. The scope: Six acres previously known as the Seward Park Urban Renewal Area, on New York’s Lower East Side. Plans call for a $1.1 billion investment encompassing 1.9 million sf of facilities, including about 1,000 apartments, a school, a community center, retail stores, offices, a movie theater, a bowling alley, a market, parks, and a museum showcasing the works of Andy Warhol. The story: Long eyed as a development target, this site has been vacant since tenements were demolished in the late 1960s. The neighborhood has been the subject of lively debate between city officials, potential developers, and community groups—some of whom demanded that all new housing be reserved for low-income residents. Gentrification concerns were exacerbated by the 2007 construction of a 17-story luxury condo building nearby. The current plan, representing a compromise between the interest groups and former Mayor Michael Bloomberg, calls for 50% market-rate units and 50% affordable units, with formerly displaced residents receiving preferential placement. SHoP Architects and Beyer Blinder Belle have released images showing an abundance of green space, including parks, multi-level gardens, and landscaped pedestrian corridors. What’s next: Now that approvals are in place, stakeholders predict that construction will begin in spring 2015, with build out by 2023.+

Got more big projects? Write jhigginbotham@sgcmail.com. BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

JANUARY 2014

information technology MISSION CRITICAL FACILITIES

FACEBOOK DATA CENTER, LULEÅ, SWEDEN

Big Data Meets Data Centers WHAT THE COMING DCIM BOOM MEANS TO OWNERS AND BUILDING TEAMS BY DAVID BARISTA, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

he pressure to reduce cap-ex and op-ex costs in the data center sector, while meeting an ever-growing demand for IT capacity, is driving owners and operators to employ advanced tools and services for the precise tracking and monitoring of nearly every component within their installations—from energy performance and power reliability to IT systems capacity and space utilization. With better information, and more of it, data center owners believe they will be able to extend the life and optimize the performance of their buildings and IT infrastructure, enabling them to defer, or even avoid, costly upgrades, renovations, expansions, and new construction projects. The demand for sophisticated monitoring solutions has spurred a new market segment—data center infrastructure management (DCIM)—that is likely to impact the way data center projects are planned, designed, built, and operated. “DCIM is a powerful tool, when properly designed and deployed, to help manage the capacity, delivery, consumption, and energy across a data center,” says Jay Chester, PE, Senior Project Manager with SSOE’s Advanced Technology group (www.ssoe.com). “The data captured for analysis models can be structured to help predict performance and allow for ‘what if’ testing of equipment placement and operational scheduling.”

JANUARY 2014

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

While still in its infancy, the DCIM movement is expected to grow sixfold by 2020, according to a new report by Navigant Research (www.navigantresearch.com). The ﬁrm’s Research Director, Eric Woods, predicts annual spending on DCIM-related software and services will balloon to more than $4.5 billion over the next six years, from its current market size of $663 million. Moreover, research ﬁrm Gartner predicts that 60% of large data centers (at least 3,000 sf) in North America will adopt some type of DCIM solution by 2017. “One of the underlying trends driving the greater adoption and visibility of DCIM solutions is new thinking about the relationship between the building infrastructure for data centers and the IT capacity,” says Woods. “Traditionally, you built the building, put in the basic infrastructure management systems, and largely forgot about it. That is, all the changes occurred at the IT level, in terms of the various evolutions of technology. The two functions—facilities and IT—operated in silos.” Using advanced data collection and monitoring tools, data center providers believe they can bridge the gap between the facilities management function and IT function to offer a holistic, real-time view of their data centers, in an effort to optimize performance, utilization, and longevity. “What we’re seeing among leading-edge players, as well as in academic research, is moving in the direction of thinking about data

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LIBRARIES

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ĨĂĐĞďŽŽŬ Circle 763

information technology MISSION CRITICAL FACILITIES

centers as a whole unit, sort of like a giant computer,” says Woods. “The data center is a big box that itself is part of the optimized capacity of the computing power in the space.”

IMPACT ON THE BUILDING TEAM

ILLUSTRATION: EMERSON

This more holistic approach to data center planning and operations means that the design table is about to get a little more crowded, as IT managers begin to play a larger role in the planning, design, and preconstruction processes. It also means that Building Teams will be partly responsible for fostering collaboration between their clients’ facilities staff and IT team—two groups with very different priorities and agendas, says Addam Friedl, Senior Vice President, Mission Critical Facilities, with Environmental Systems Design (www.esdesign.com). “Getting the two sides to sit down at the same table and agree on what the systems are supposed to do, what information needs to be gathered, and how it should be disseminated can be a real challenge, depending on the client,” says Friedl. A thornier issue, he says, is the mind-boggling amount of data being collected and ﬁguring out how to put it to use. Depending on the scale of the DCIM implementation, data center facilities could be looking at millions of data points that must be collected, organized, and analyzed. “My challenge to the client is always: What are you going to do with all this data?” says Friedl. “A large data center with just a basic building management system and power monitoring system will have tens of thousands of data points; a DCIM setup could have millions. A lot of operators don’t use the data to the level they think they want to use it to.”

Furthermore, who’s going to be responsible for crunching the data? Facilities? IT? A third-party DCIM provider? An AEC firm? These are questions that need to be sorted out well before the data center is constructed and occupied. Friedl envisions many data center owners outsourcing the DCIM functions, either to an AEC firm involved in the project or a DCIM solutions provider. Other advice for Building Teams from our experts includes: Be prepared to coach clients through the DCIM implementation process. Because the movement is so new, clients will likely lean on the Building Team for guidance on everything from choosing the DCIM components to identifying critical data points to figuring out how best to use the data for performance optimization. Beef up the infrastructure. “As the DCIM system becomes more robust, you’ll need more cabling, a larger cable tray or raceway, and potentially more monitoring capabilities,” says SSOE’s Chester. A more sophisticated control room will also be required. In addition, he says Building Teams will need to design for I/O (input/ output) points for gear and equipment that traditionally have not been monitored by a central system. Flexibility will become more crucial. The ultimate goal of DCIM is to minimize future capital expenditures, so clients will be looking to Building Teams to create facilities that can be easily and inexpensively expanded or reconfigured to keep up with the fast pace of technology and demand for computing power. Expect to lose business to DCIM solution providers. Some data center clients may choose to completely outsource the DCIMrelated functions to a third-party provider, which would almost certainly impact billings on the project.+

Emerson’s Trellis DCIM platform combines software and hardware into a solution that is managed with a single, Web-enabled, real-time view. It allows data center owners to monitor and measure, in real time, everything from energy and space efﬁciency to power allocation and server capacity.

JANUARY 2014

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

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paints + coatings AIA CONTINUING EDUCATION

paints, coatings + sealants CHOOSING PRODUCTS AND PROCEDURES FOR BEST PERFORMANCE

COURTESY VALSPAR

Waubonsee Community College in Plano, Ill., chose a metal panel system coated with a protective white polyvinylidene ﬂuoride (PVDF) resin-based ﬁnish. The architect for the 33,000-sf project was Holabird & Root.

BY C.C. SULLIVAN, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR

rchitectural coatings are slathered all over commercial buildings, but they are far from one-size-fits-all. “Most are designated for specific uses, such as roof coatings, wall paints, or deck finishes,” says Neal Rogers, a group R&D leader with CCP Composites (ccponline.com), and chair of the ASTM International Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings. They’re similar in purpose, however, as the ASTM committee reminds us: “Each architectural coating must provide certain decorative, durable, and protective functions.” Specific test protocols help ensure that the performance features meet the intended uses. Preparation, application, and maintenance techniques are also important to success. Increasingly, Building Teams are doing a thorough life cycle

LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this article, you should be able to: + LIST the environmental impact factors of architectural paints and coatings. + DISCUSS the implications of paint color choices on environmental sustainability and occupant health. + DESCRIBE test protocols and specifications that can guide the selection of paints and coatings for specific building types. + EXPLAIN effective methods of surface preparation for multiple substrate categories.

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analysis when matching building materials with appropriate paints, coatings, and sealants. For instance, zinc primers—whether used with polyurethanes, ﬂuorourethanes, vinyls, or other topcoats—will dramatically extend the life and durability of building elements. Their use is increasing for buildings following their popularity in road and bridge construction, where more than 90% of owners now mandate the use of metallic zinc.

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTS ENABLE SMARTER CHOICES IN COATINGS Life cycle assessments (LCAs) help speciﬁers and owners make good choices by allowing apples-to-apples comparisons. LCAs also enable effective sustainability comparisons, yielding an easy, effective methodology for specifying products, materials, and systems. The typical LCA for architectural paints and coatings assesses costs per year of service. ASTM E-917, “Standard Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings and Building Products,” is one of the most-used methods for making the calculations. Alternatives are available, as many in the industry seek to improve and perfect LCA calculations based on different variables or speciﬁc measurement goals—for instance, sustainability goals. A good example is the recent LCA devised by the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (NCMS). Nicknamed the “Coatings Counselor,” the organization’s tool assesses life cycles for volatile

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

JANUARY 2014

paints + coatings organic compounds in paints and coatings (http://bit.ly/193vXNA). It includes environmental impacts from each stage of the product life of a paint or sealant: • Petrochemicals and minerals in the ground • Raw material extraction and reﬁning • Coating formulation and manufacturing • Applying the coating to an item • Use on the coated item during its service life • Disposal of the item at the end of its service life. Calculated outputs for this LCA include regulated emissions (VOCs as well as hazardous air pollutants, or HAPs) in addition to greenhouse gases, solid waste, and consumed energy. Each of these outputs is rated for its impact, calculated based on the relative reactivity and toxicity, as well as its availability to volatizing and atmospheric persistence. Stakeholders who want to minimize their VOC impact by specifying the most suitable coating may not yet have access to a thorough enough LCA. The recently released Paints and Architectural Coatings Environmental Study (PACES), funded by the coatings industry and co-sponsored by the EPA and other government agencies, stated as much. “Questions as to whether there is a need for reformulation of paint in the context of durability, cost, and environmental beneﬁts remain unanswered,” said the group. “The focus of future research should be the acquisition of data needed to complete a comprehensive life cycle assessment.”

IMPACT OF COLOR ON LIFE CYCLE Color is generally considered an aesthetic choice, dictated by taste, context, and occupant preference. However, there is increasing evidence that color choices have considerable impact on the utility and sustainability of occupied built space. The term color factors—used by a growing number of Building Teams—reflects the interplay of a building’s intended use, context, efficiency, image, and market with the selection of building materials and applied colors. For exteriors, there are important consequences to color choices. For instance, Building Teams seeking lasting, vivid colors in areas with powerful ultraviolet exposure or corrosive salt air have traditionally gravitated to heavy-metal pigments like lead and chrome. When those choices were eliminated due to health concerns, durability and color fading became inextricably linked color Will the finish be factory-applied or site-applied? factors. Newer fluoWhat color factors are important for the application? rourethane finishes What is the expected life cycle performance, have filled the gap, and how will you assess it? providing long-term What environmental and health impacts must color stability usbe controlled? ing job-site spray Does the construction plan and QC approach ensure application. (The proper surface preparation and application? preceding generation

FIVE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS TO ASK before you specify coatings 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

JANUARY 2014

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

COURTESY ARKEMA

AIA CONTINUING EDUCATION

The roof of the North Shore Congregation Israel synagogue in Glencoe, Ill., is treated with a polyvinylidene ﬂuoride (PVDF) coating that reduces solar heat gain and UV emissivity to create a cool roof.

of fluorourethanes had to be shop-applied and baked on to achieve the same super-durable finish.) For metal façades and roofs, these spray or heat-treated formulations are now a best practice for ensuring long-term visual and physical performance. At the same time, Building Teams have paid increasing attention to roof colors, especially when the ratio of roofing area to interior space is high. “Cool roofing,” initially restricted to white and light grey materials and coatings, now dominates the market, based on the concept that higher reflectivity reduces cooling loads. Manufacturers have learned to increase reflectivity using glass or ceramic particles, and are taking advantage of reflectivity research involving darker, more traditional roof colors.

COLOR, IEQ, AND PSYCHOLOGY Interior color choices can also have significant consequences for triple-bottom-line sustainability, particularly as related to occupant health and productivity. Since the major health concern has been off-gassing of VOCs, interior finish manufacturers have supported research into low- and no-VOC alternatives to conventional paint and other established products, introducing them at increasingly competitive price points. The importance of these industry efforts was reinforced by an EPA study revealing that architectural coatings can account for 9% of all emissions from consumer and commercial products (http://1.usa. gov/IKU2hO). Some applications, such as those for certain healthcare buildings, require additives like fungicides and biocides, making reductions in VOCs among other elements of paint composition more critical. How does color choice come into play here? In fact, shade and intensity are more significant factors than particular colors. Most pigments used in colorants add VOCs to the base paint. Because deeper hues require higher amounts of colorant, they will have

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WARREN JAGGER / COURTESY THE ARCHITECTURAL TEAM

higher levels of VOC emittance. For projects and clients demanding color intensity, the U.S. Green Building Council recommends that paint composition begin with a low-VOC or zero-VOC base (http:// bit.ly/IunNUt). Low-VOC base paint is recommended for lighter shades, too, of course. Colors also play a significant role in environmental psychology. Just as daylight and exterior views have been shown to be crucial factors in occupant health, morale, and productivity, interior finishes and materials have an enormous impact. Designers must consider how color will interact with other aspects of the space, such as lighting, architectural features, and furniture. Research conducted on behalf of paint manufacturer SherwinWilliams shows that muted, neutral colors reduce visual weight, and light colors can help make a room look larger. The same research also reinforces the long-held belief that placement matters: red paint on walls conveys energy and advancement; the same color on floors exudes confidence, the report concluded. A red ceiling, however, is typically perceived as “weighty and annoying.” Green is recommended for interior environments, especially those in which activities require more concentration or meditation (http://bit.ly/1aDeIyM). According to research conducted for furniture manufacturer Norix, interior color schemes can have a significant impact in rehabilitation typologies, such as correctional institutions and behavioral healthcare facilities. Institutional approaches to interiors, once focused on neutral colors, greys, and whites, are becoming “more expressive.” Colors in otherwise severe institutional environments “are seen as pluses to help humanize subjects and in staff areas, provide visual interest and a sense of care,” according to the report. “Tensions are lowered, morale boosted, and environments made safer” (http://bit.ly/IG9QlJ). Color choice is playing an increasingly significant role in the

Color selection can be integral to healthcare delivery, as in the memory care wing of Stonebridge, an assisted-living and post-acute care facility in Burlington, Mass. The environment has been carefully designed by The Architectural Team to avoid stress triggers for memory-support patients.

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achievement of client goals for built space across the full range of project types, inspired by evidence-based principles of environmental psychology. The corporate sector uses such principles to improve employee recruitment and boost staff retention. According to research conducted at Texas A&M, healthcare outcomes can also be improved by supportive interior design. Speciﬁcally, the study suggests that the ideal healing environment is “stimulating, not overly neutral, with an interesting use of color and positive distractions that focus on nature and color” (http://bit.ly/1gatWTV). The study reports that patients in vibrant surroundings often recovered 3/4 of a day faster than patients in more neutral settings, while requesting fewer pain-relieving medications and exhibiting fewer confrontational behaviors.

TECHNOLOGY, SOCIAL SCIENCE GUIDE SPECS Clearly the selection of color is a weightier decision than merely combining hues that seem to suit the context or the owner’s preferences. Driving the paint or coating selection are technical issues and as well as “softer” social science considerations. Emissions. On the side of hard science is the issue of emissions, encompassing both occupant health and the effect of coating formulations on ozone production and air pollution. Enlightened Building Teams are driving this awareness, but as a recent white paper from the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality says, “Emission reductions are also coming from consumer education, improved work practices, or product speciﬁcations through regulation. Labeling laws, in conjunction with consumer education, like labels on paint cans specifying ingredients or VOC content, could help to reduce use of some solvents and eliminate the use of others” (http://bit.ly/18olNn3). Most important, however, is end-user education. That’s where the Building Team becomes a key inﬂuence, says the Oregon DEQ. As savvy end-users and building managers know, all packaged coating products arrive on the job site or the loading dock with labels listing HAPs and any toxic content. However, the Oregon agency notes that building owners “using them for their stated purposes may be unaware of associated toxic air pollutants and potential for personal exposure.” Beyond that, many ingredients are not listed, or may be listed in a generic manner that masks the actual chemical ingredient. That’s why many authorities having jurisdiction, federal agencies, and even building owners are mandating labeling laws or standards that require detailed information on all ingredients. At a minimum, increased awareness gives Building Teams the chance to choose less toxic alternatives. Some emissions concerns related to paints and coatings stem from life cycle factors, such as surface cleaning, preparation, and renovation. One issue of building reconstruction practice is the use of methylene chloride (MeCl), which has been a common ingredient in paint strippers for years. Emissions of MeCl from this use led to EPA regulations introduced in mid-2011, requiring Building Teams to notify EPA if they are using MeCl paint stripping systems and to certify they have implemented the appropriate “best management practices to minimize emissions of the chemical.” Contractors that use more than 1 ton (the equivalent of 181 gallons) of MeCl per year—

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

JANUARY 2014

paints + coatings calculated by the amount of the raw chemical alone, not the total weight of the stripper compound—must also write a minimization plan and post signs outlining the plan anywhere the paint removal operations are taking place (http://1.usa.gov/IGbLH3). Hazardous metals. Other materials face tough scrutiny, too. Incredibly, the next issue facing commercial Building Teams may be lead-based paint—a product that has been regulated for decades in the residential sector. Remediation rules apply when renovation, repair, and repainting are undertaken in public housing built before 1978 (so-called “target housing”). Rules for disclosing lead content also affect private property sales and tenant leasing. Both of these ideas seem logical for public, commercial, and industrial facilities, according to the EPA, which took public comments last summer for a new rule to that effect. Though many groups attacked the new rules as unnecessary, the activity has been spurred by a lawsuit brought by environmental activists, which will force the EPA to make a new rule on lead paint by July 2015. The new rule will address “work practice standards applicable to renovation activities in pre-1978 public and commercial buildings that create a lead-based paint hazard,” according to the EPA. Two separate rules will likely emerge: One for interior renovations and the lead-laced dust they often kick up, and another for dealing with lead particles that move into soils when outdoor renovations and repainting are undertaken. Durability. In a related issue, paint and coating durability are important for environmentally sensitive specifications. For example, lead paint was seen as a wonder material when it was first introduced because it made colors more vibrant, allowed a larger area to be coated with the same volume of product, and resisted water well, making it more cleanable. Yet the detrimental health effects—ranging from anemia to reduced cognitive function to fatal poisoning—came to easily outweigh the benefits, once they were known. Fortunately, new coating formulations offer the desired durability without such serious attendant hazards. Among the recent innovations are resilient “antifouling paints” containing polysiloxane epoxy. These products can be used for underground steel or properties that may be flooded, or for any exposed steel that requires long, maintenancefree outdoor exposures. While generally considered for industrial and marine uses, they work well for rigorous architectural settings. For metal, one of the big success stories in improved coating durability has been the use of zinc-based primers for steel structures, says Tom Calzone, director of bridge and fabrication sales at Carboline Company (carboline.com). “Fast-dry alkyd shop primers and older lead-based formulations provide only a fraction of the longevity of the top-performing, zinc-rich systems,” he says. Life cycle cost advantages include reduced maintenance and longer periods between recoating, as well as better corrosion protection under such finish coats as polyurethane. According to Calzone, metallic zinc protects galvanically. Zinc is inherently more reactive than iron, so it will oxidize readily and, unlike red rust, the oxidation products do not expand or propagate. Instead, they passivate the surface, reducing demand for additional

JANUARY 2014

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

COURTESY LOTUS CONTRACTORS

AIA CONTINUING EDUCATION

Before coating or recoating, preparation of a concrete surface may include hand applications or pneumatic and machine-applied ﬁnishes. For this surface, an ultra-high-pressure water blasting jet is used by Lotus Contractors of San Francisco.

oxidation. This slows corrosion beneath the coating and effectively eliminates sub-film or undercutting corrosion. In this way, says Calzone, “the zinc primer becomes a permanent asset on the structure. Maintenance painting becomes maintenance of the coating.” Resilience. In addition to durability, paint and coating specs should consider the appropriate level of flexibility and elastic recovery. Flexibility is determined not only by the distensibility of the coating but also its thickness and adhesion to the substrate, as reviewed in Mark P. Morse’s article “Flexibility & Toughness” in ASTM’s book Paint and Coating Testing Manual. “Coating films tend to lose flexibility during use due to volatilization of free plasticizing components [as well as] chemical changes such as degradation, cross-linking, and the like,” according to Morse. One way to measure flexibility of a coating, he says, is to consider its softening point, the temperature at which the coating changes from hard and glassy to a more rubbery or leathery appearance. Another measure of toughness is impact resistance, which increases in direct proportion to the molecular weight of the polymers in the paint film. These have higher tensile strength but lower viscosity, which dissipates energy and helps dampen impacts. Curing and drying. The proper curing of applied coatings, and proper drying cycles between coats, are important to achieving maximum durability. At the molecular level, curing is really the crosslinking of polymers into long chains, giving coatings their ability to form a film or sheet. Applicators must consider the manufacturer’s guidance for such variables as coverage—how much substrate a coating should cover at a given thickness—and wet thickness, which indicates at what range of thicknesses a coating can be applied. A cure/dry temperature is also given, stating a minimum for effective curing or drying. Curing and drying needs vary by coating type. Lacquers tend to

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Circle 764

paints + coatings AIA CONTINUING EDUCATION

have shorter drying cycles than enamels, for example, but they don’t cure—which explains why they chip and crack readily. Newer aqueous acrylic lacquers, on the other hand, merge the properties of enamels and lacquers but are more environmentally friendly than traditional lacquers. Regardless of the product used, thin coats tend to result in improved durability and lifespan: The thinner the coat, goes the common wisdom, the faster—and harder—the paint or sealant will dry.

SPECIFICATION STANDARDS ABOUND In addition to these general specification guidelines, specific product test standards for paints and coatings are valuable for helping Building Teams compare product formulations and chemistries. The test must be suitable to the application and coating type, as ASTM’s Rogers notes. Depending on the “decorative, durable, and protective functions,” different test protocols are used to evaluate a coating for its intended end-use. (See Table 1 for a full list.) For example, the substrate must be adequate for conducting the test and must also provide relevant durability information. ASTM International is currently developing a new standard on selecting wood substrates for evaluating weathering performance (http://bit. ly/19k2qM5). The proposed standard, WK32654 – Practice for Selecting Wood Substrates for Weathering Evaluations of Architectural Coatings, reflects the increasing complexity of wood-based materials used in building applications and the varied techniques of architectural product finishing, says ASTM committee member Marek Gnatowski, Ph.D., who is also Technical Director and President of Polymer Engineering Company Ltd. (www.polymerengineering.ca).

“Properly designed and tested coatings increase the longevity of architectural elements and reduce maintenance costs to building owners,” says Gnatowski. “On the other hand, forest resources that supply high-quality old-growth solid wood to the construction industry for architectural applications are becoming scarce.” New wood composite products such as gluelams, wafer boards, finger-joint siding, and composite trims have complicated testing, and many of the new products use younger trees, which perform differently as a coating substrate. Other typical tested performance criteria include outdoor exposure, resistance to humidity and water immersion, staining resistance, and adhesion, as well as temperature changes and compatibility with detergents that may be used for cleaning. Aesthetic factors that may be essential to the architectural concept are checked with tests for gloss uniformity or the appearance of efflorescence on certain surfaces. Federal tests provide ways to study abrasion resistance (STD 141A), which is given in cycles/mil: a critical test for a concrete floor coating, for example. For coatings used in structural assemblies, a key consideration is load capacity, tested with ASTM 2625 B for solid-film lubricants, for example, and given in pounds per square inch (psi). Another more direct measure is endurance or wear life of solid-film coated elements subject to steel-on-steel contact, tested using ASTM 2625 A or similar, which is given by time as a number of minutes based on performance in the test. For all coatings used on building exteriors in wet, coastal areas or in locations where ambient corrosion is a concern, salt spray testing is seen as a cost-effective, simple way to compare the durability of

According to research by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, carefully specified cool roofing can significantly reduce cooling loads (http://1.usa. gov/IRR8bZ). An increase in reflectivity of 35% percent – from 20% reflective dark grey to 55% reflective weathered white – has been shown to reduce cooling loads by up to a fifth of the annual total in temperate climates. This phenomenon has important implications for all types of roofing materials, from shingles to membranes to coated metals. Aesthetic preferences often create a barrier to improved reflectivity. For instance, like the singlefamily residential market, the low- to mid-rise multifamily market has resisted white or near-white tones, except for buildings with flat roofs. Hoping to improve acceptance of cool roofs, LBNL’s Heat Island Group conducted research with industry partners to produce recommendations for cool colors that will satisfy owners’ preferences. The research focused on pigments that reflect greater levels of near-infrared (IR) wavelengths, which produce the most heat. This important research enabled the creation of

JANUARY 2014

a database of cool colors for use with tiles, wood shingles, metal roofing, and other products. Comparisons between standard colors and their cooler counterparts demonstrated significantly improved reflectance in the near-IR spectrum, while being nearly indistinguishable to the naked eye. For instance, the tonal difference between a standard brown and a “cool brown” may be all but impossible to discern. Yet the cooler brown is nearly 20% more reflective than the conventional—27% reflectivity, compared with 8% (http://1.usa. gov/1aDbZ8B). Elastomeric coatings on the market improve reflectivity, as do other products like single-ply membranes. Cool roofing not only involves reflectivity but also the material’s or coating’s emittance, or its ability to release absorbed heat. Expressed as a number between 0 and 1 or as a corresponding percentage, coatings and materials tend to have emittance values above 0.85, or 85%, according to the EPA (http://1.usa.gov/1kfuVQi). Emittance or emissivity can significantly affect cooling loads in warm and sunny climates; coatings and materials

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COURTESY ARKEMA

COLOR CHOICES for sustainable roofs

For cool roofing applications, water-based polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) reflective coatings can be applied in the field.

that effectively release heat will reduce the need for cooling. In climates where heating costs predominate, this effect is less desirable. Cool roofing technology continues to develop and improve, making color choices less restrictive and less integral to performance.

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coated surfaces of building components. However, seasoned speciﬁers note that accelerated salt-spray tests like ASTM B117 offer only a slight indication of real-world performance. One reason is that corrosion is caused by many factors in addition to salty air or moisture. Drying cycles are critical to durability of a coating, and provide a much better indicator of life expectancy in most cases. The ASTM standard D5894-10, Standard Practice for Cyclic Salt Fog/UV Exposure of Painted Metal, can be a better real-world simulation. With this test method, the coating is exposed to alternating ambient fog and drying cycles at the same time that it is treated with ultraviolet (UV) light and cyclical condensation.

ADVANCES IN CORROSION RESISTANCE Corrosion-resistant coatings have been developed specifically to “protect metal components against degradation due to moisture, salt spray, oxidation, or exposure to a variety of environmental or industrial chemicals,” according to Metal Coatings Corp. (MCC), an applicator and specialty contractor that works with thermosetting fluoropolymer, baked-on, and air-dried industrial coatings (www. metcoat.com). These products, often called anti-corrosion coatings, allow for high levels of surface protection and also “inhibit contact between chemical compounds or corrosive materials,” the latter called galvanic corrosion. Other important properties for these high-performance coatings include abrasion resistance, nonstick performance, and chemical protection. According to applicators like MCC and Cook Composites, numerous coating types can be highly effective for corrosion resistance as part of a durable, resilient facility design using metal components. Many can be enhanced by pretreatments such as galvanizing, inorganic zinc, pickling, and phosphating, which can improve corrosion resistance. Fluoropolymers. These are resin/lubricant blends that offer excellent corrosion protection, and they are used as a standard in the architectural market. Xylan. This fluoropolymer is used by original equipment manufacturers to extend component life. A specified system may use Xylan as a thin film to coat bolts, for example, which effectively prevents corrosion. Xylan coatings also usually contain PTFE or other lubricants. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). “Moly coatings” provide friction protection for high-pressure loads of 250,000 psi and greater, which can be helpful in certain structural and architectural applications. When load-carrying capacity, operating temperature, and coefficient of friction are concerns, moly coatings have the ability to transfer lubricant between two mating surfaces, which reduces wear over time. Epoxy. Using air-dry epoxy or thermal-cure formulations, buildings and outdoor structures can benefit from the same cost-effective corrosion resistance afforded to marine and industrial infrastructure. The thermally treated coatings have very good resistance to abuse and impacts. Polyurethanes. For metal surfaces, polyurethane is appreciated for its thin-film, high-gloss finish and reliable weathering. The smooth finishes resist corrosion, abrasion, and chemical exposure. Phenolics. Where metal must be exposed to (or immersed in)

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ARCHITECTURAL COATING + PAINT STANDARDS DESIGNATION

TEST METHOD FOR

D1849 - 95 D2064 - 91 D2243 - 95 D2486 - 06 D3258 - 04 D3450 - 00 D3730 - 10 D3928 - 00a D4400 - 99 D4828 - 94 D4946 - 89 D5007 – 99 D5146 - 10 D5401 - 03 D6763 - 08 D6900 - 10 D7489 - 09 D7786 - 12

Package Stability of Paint Print Resistance of Architectural Paints Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings Scrub Resistance of Wall Paints Porosity of White / Near White Paint Films by Staining Washability Properties: Interior Architectural Coatings High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen Uniformity Sag Resistance of Paints Practical Washability of Organic Coatings Blocking Resistance of Architectural Paints Wet-to-Dry Hiding Change Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings Clear Water-Repellent Coatings on Wood Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents Adhesion of Latex to Gloss Alkyd Enamel Substrate Touch-Up Properties of Architectural Coatings Determining Enamel Holdout SOURCE: ASTM INTERNATIONAL

Table 1. ASTM International offers a battery of tests involving architectural coatings and paints, as well as application guidelines. As they consider appropriate ways to create, evaluate, specify, and apply coatings, manufacturers, speciﬁers, contractors, and owners can beneﬁt from familiarity with these tests.

salt water, acids, and solvents, phenolic coatings offer good protection, making them a favorite in the extreme conditions of many industrial facilities. Other metal finishes can provide superior protections against chemicals, such as the non-stick polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), but these are mainly used in industrial processing, wastewater management, and other extreme environments. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coatings, including Kynar, have proved effective for resilient architectural coating needs. Coating systems with anti-corrosive properties ensure that metal components have the longest possible lifespan, especially in areas such as mechanical rooms, parking garages, and other facilities with frequent chemical spillage, corrosive fumes, abrasion, or big temperature swings. But their value can be compromised if the owner or property manager fails to schedule maintenance and undertake routine touch-ups and repairs. Simple visual inspection, proper cleaning, and patching of damaged areas will extend the coating life span. For the most corrosive areas, inspect every six months, Sherwin-Williams advises; for painted exterior metals, an annual look suffices. The owner can use a proven method for inspections, according to the SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings, such as the group’s SSPC-VIS 2, Standard Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces.

MANAGING SURFACE PREPARATION Long before the inspections begin, decisions made in the design and construction documentation phases will determine how well

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paints + coatings AIA CONTINUING EDUCATION

chosen coatings hold up. In addition to topcoat selection and its compatibility with primers, a well-detailed application spec should be documented, including steps for surface preparation. Improperly prepared surfaces are the bane of the Building Team’s aspirations for success with paint and coating systems, leading to adhesion issues that cause about 80% of all failures, according to manufacturers. Mill scale, rust, dirt, and grease will impede the bonding between the coating and a metal substrate, causing the coating to deteriorate. Call-backs related to these kinds of “coating failures” sometimes identify the actual culprit: a finish contractor who skipped a step or two. Coating integrity and service life extend dramatically if the surface is treated correctly—so the mantra for the Building Team is to make sure surfaces are well prepped. Among the most useful relevant standards are practices for qualifying tradespeople. ASTM’s D4227 and D4228 describe a way to assess coating applicators for concrete and steel surfaces, respectively. Other standards cover the practices themselves, including surface cleaning, acid-etching, and abrading concrete and concrete masonry units, as well as ways to test the moisture content and pH of concrete surfaces, or to evaluate how a coating will interact with a corrosion inhibitor. For owners, specifiers, and construction project managers, a careful focus on surface preparation helps to ensure a long-lasting building, especially if the project involves corroding materials such as concrete, ferrous metals, galvanized metals, and aluminum. The key to success is balancing economic concerns with environmental considerations and issues of surface contamination. Although surface contamination is an issue during new construction projects, it is most significant in repainting and maintenance painting. Existing coatings cannot be completely removed in many cases, and loose or glossy paint along with various foreign materials, will reduce the adhesion and compatibility of the new paint. According to the Sherwin-Williams publication Surface Preparation Guide, the contractor should attempt to remove all oil, grease, mold, mildew, loose mortar, scale, and efflorescence (for example, by cleaning with an abrasive solution that will effectively dull the shiny surfaces at the same time). Then a spot primer is used to coat bare areas, and test applications of the coating are conducted on large areas of at least a yard square. After a week, adhesion is tested using pressure-sensitive tape following the protocol in ASTM D3359. In general, there are eight types of surface cleaning methods used to prep building materials for application. Solvent cleaning removes dirt, oil, grease, and drawing and cutting compounds, but it does not help eliminate metal corrosion. Next, many contractors prefer to include hand-tool cleaning in the specifications to ensure mill scale and loose rust do not obstruct proper coating adhesion. Four types of blast cleaning are also employed: white metal blast cleaning, commercial blast cleaning, brush-off blasting, and nearwhite blast cleaning. Standard blast cleaning ensures removal of dirt, paint, oils, grease, rust, and mill scale, as well as any corrosion or oxidation products. Commercial-level blasting removes all foreign

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BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

matter except for staining, and near-white blasting also allows for some staining to remain. Brush-off blasting takes off all foreign matter except “tightly adherent mill scale, rust, and paint,” according to the standard SSPC-SP7/NACE 4. Other techniques for surface treatment include power-tool cleaning to bare metal, and high-pressure water jetting, which may be helpful for steel and other hard materials. In some cases, solid particles are added to the water streams. Accommodating the unique characteristics of each coated surface is essential. In fact, the quality of surface preparation is a chief determinant of a coating’s life span for virtually every material. Specific tips for several types of substrates follow: Metal surfaces. Varied protocols exist for preparing metal for painting, and many are standardized by the SSPC. Aluminum and weathered galvanized metal are cleaned per SSPC-SP1, a specification for solvent cleaning, removing “all visible oil, grease, soil, drawing and cutting compounds, and other soluble contaminants from steel surfaces” (http://bit.ly/IGsc64). Solvent preparation should be used in conjunction with other surface treatments, such as paint stripping and removal of rust and mill scale. For steel exposed to high temperatures, the best surface preparation is abrasive blast cleaning, according to AIA’s Graphic Standards Guide to Architectural Finishes. Ductile iron. Iron pipe and fittings require Building Teams to follow a different protocol, the National Association of Pipe Fabricators’ NAPF 500-03 (http://bit.ly/1f0pOml). Unlike rolled mill steel, ductile iron does not need blast removal of mill scale and rust, or blasting to create an anchor pattern that helps hold the coatings. Carbon steel also has a smoother texture and a different color. Concrete. Concrete walls and foundations demand careful

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The Perimeter Roof Edge: First Line of Defense in a Wind Event

The perimeter edge marks the termination and transition between the roof and the other building components. This course describes the ANSI/SPRI ES-1 Standard and the method for determining the correct specs for perimeter roof edges. www.BDCuniversity.com/roofperimeter

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COURTESY PERKINS+WILL / LEHMAN COLLEGE

Lehman College in the Bronx, N.Y., emphasizes environmental science and sustainable technologies. A new building designed by Perkins+Will includes exterior coatings selected for cool rooﬁng characteristics and durability. Low VOC emittance was a priority for interior coatings.

preparation because their porous, breathable surfaces readily transfer moisture and expand and contract with temperature swings. Power washing can precede the use of crack fillers and patching compounds, followed by a cleaner and etcher, such as phosphoric acid solution, to further improve adhesion. Then a concrete bonding primer is used, which may include epoxies and acrylic polymers. The International Concrete Repair Institute’s standard ICRI 03732, Guideline for Selecting and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings and Polymer Overlays, succinctly lays out the limitations of methods for preparing concrete surfaces that receive protective sealers, coatings, and polymer overlays. Ten profiles are described and shown in images—they are also available as a handy set of cast chips—to ensure the correct concrete surface is achieved for the specified coating technique. The SSPCSP13/NACE 6 standard defines acceptable conditions for such materials as cast-in-place concrete floors and walls, precast slabs, masonry walls, and shotcrete surfaces.

Beyond the specific methods used, Building Teams can also provide general guidance for how well prepared surfaces should be. The trade group Painting & Decorating Contractors of America (PDCA) provides a shorthand entitled “Levels of Surface Preparation,” ranging from Level 1, Basic, to Level 4, Supreme (http://bit.ly/1jraBxL). This kind of description may be adequate when working with accomplished contractors and tradespeople. For a reconstruction project, the Building Team should define a level of surface preparation that warrants adhesion. For example, it’s hard to know how well previously applied paint coats are adhered to each other or to the substrate, according to PDCA. It may not be known whether mildew or other contaminants are likely to reduce coating effectiveness and stability. Adhesion is a concern, and tape tests or other techniques can be used to ensure readiness of the substrate. But so is the quality of appearance of the finished surfaces— often the ultimate goal of paint and coating use. As PDCA notes, the level of preparation may need to include a specified alteration of the existing surface profile. Techniques include the “standard” steps in PDCA Level 2, such as patching/filling, caulking, light sanding, and hand abrading, as well as feather-edge sanding. “When poor results are obtained … then more aggressive surface preparation methods may be recommended,” says PDCA. The Level 3 and Level 4 specs are designed specifically for best appearances, eliminating abrupt surface profile differences or providing a very smooth finish through resurfacing and restoration. With attention to life cycle needs, proper product selection, and environmental concerns, the Building Team can choose coatings and paints that are ideal for the end use. A proper understanding of substrate characteristics and surface preparation will maximize the value of any investment in architectural coatings. +

> EDITOR’S NOTE This completes the reading for this course! To earn 1.0 AIA CES learning units, study the article carefully and take the exam posted at www.BDCnetwork.

com/paints_coatings. www.BDCuniversity.com

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building materials CONCRETE AND RELATED PRODUCTS

concrete solutions 9 INNOVATIONS FOR A CONSTRUCTION ESSENTIAL 2

UNDERLAYMENT SYSTEM DESIGNED to save time, money on slab work

Swedish Hospital and Medical Office Building, Issaquah, Wash., is a 600,000-sf campus developed by Hammes Company, with architect Collins Woerman and contractor Sellen Construction leading the Building Team. The project was completed ahead of schedule and nearly $35 million under budget through a combination of methods, including heavy use of Lean principles, BIM, and integrated delivery. One result of the teamwork was the choice of the SUPERCAP system to cap the concrete base slab, instead of using a traditional trowelapplied finish. The system combines a Greenguardcertified, low-alkali, self-leveling cement-base technology with a computer-controlled pump truck. At Swedish Hospital, the system eliminated concerns about flatness inherent to concrete slab work with structural steel buildings. Sellen placed about 20,000 sf/day of concrete, compared with 15,000 sf/day using conventional troweling.

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Texas students move in faster WITH RAPID-DRYING CONCRETE

The original schedule for Billy Earl Dade Middle School, a replacement school for the Dallas Independent School District, called for a 14-month construction period. When officials asked that the schedule be cut to 10 months so students could move in for the fall 2013 term, the Building Team knew concrete drying posed a potential problem. Aridus Rapid Drying Concrete, a ready-mix formulated to help prevent moisture-related flooring failures, was selected for its combination of fast drying time, high early strength, compressive strength, and low permeability. The project required 20,000 cubic yards of concrete, including 5,000 cubic yards of Aridus used to cover 120,000 sf of floors. Crews were able to install final flooring 21 days after the concrete was poured, compared with a typical drying time of at least four months. On the Building Team: Satterfield & Pontikes Construction (GC), Redi-Mix Concrete (concrete supplier), and KAI Texas (architect).

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THERMAL INSULATION SYSTEM TAILORED to poured concrete wall construction

ThermaEZE thermal insulation works with poured concrete walls—including foundation walls—for better insulation than conventional poured concrete, according to the manufacturer. The system consists of panels of expanded polystyrene foam, placed within the wall forms before the pour and held in place by a patented web structure that becomes embedded in the concrete. The resulting walls thus consist of a concrete layer and an attached insulation panel, with fastening strips on the exposed face to facilitate application of drywall or other ﬁnish materials. Depending on the thickness of the concrete, R-values range from 9.6 to 11.7. Panels are termite-resistant, odor-free, and contain no CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, or formaldehyde. The UL-approved system is IECC code-compliant for foundation walls, and meets ASTM C578 Type 1 and ICC-ES EG239 requirements for below-grade use.

CertainTeed

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5 4 6 4

OPTIMIZATION SERVICE ADDS GREEN SPIN to One World Trade Center construction

In addition to sending a symbolic message of strength and freedom, One World Trade Center in New York City was designed to be an example of sustainability. The Port Authority of New York/New Jersey imposed strict requirements, including replacing a high percentage of portland cement with recycled materials. BASF Construction Chemicals’ Green Sense optimization service helped the Building Team, including concrete contractor Collavino Construction and concrete producer Eastern Concrete Materials, create mixes with appropriate compressive strength for the 1,776-foot skyscraper. The mix replaced 71% of the portland cement that would have been required in a conventional mix with recycled materials, non-cementitious fillers, and specialized admixtures to exceed performance targets specified by the stakeholders. The first 40 floors required 38,000 cubic yards of a special mix, providing compressive strength of at least 12,000 psi. BASF estimates that 25.4 million in kWh savings will be produced over the project’s life cycle in connection with the mix, as well as reductions in fossil fuel and greenhouse gas production, rain acidification potential, water, and solid waste.

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drying time for concrete reduced by POLYASPARTIC COATINGS

Tradical Hemcrete, developed in the U.K. by Lime Technology, incorporates hemp shiv (the woody core of industrial hemp) and a lime-based binder, Tradical HB. The resulting composite exhibits good thermal insulation and excellent thermal inertia, according to the manufacturer, creating environments that need minimal heating or cooling. The material has negative embodied carbon because CO2 that is captured by hemp as it grows is ultimately sequestered within the Hemcrete. Several design and construction methods are appropriate, including direct application to timber-framed structures and use with a rainscreen system. Because proper on-site drying can be tricky, the company recently developed systems that incorporate the material in factory-made panels, including Hembuild (for low-rise buildings) and Hemclad (for large-scale buildings with a primary structural frame).

Rapid-curing polyaspartic coatings using raw materials from Bayer MaterialScience are designed for faster productivity without sacrificing high performance or durability. Usable for both metal and concrete surfaces, the coatings resist damage from ultraviolet light, chemical spills, and abrasion. They have ultra-low VOC emissions and high color stability and cleanability, according to the manufacturer. Formulations offer a fast curing time, with a typical start-to-finish cycle that fits within an eight-hour work day. Coatings made with polyaspartic esters can be applied at temperatures below 50°F and in high-humidity environments, extending the application season. The coatings can be applied over stains for attractive effects. Appropriate commercial projects include hotels, restaurants, retail space, healthcare, and other facilities with concrete floors.

American Lime Technology

Bayer MaterialScience

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bio-based composite combines HEMP AND LIME FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE

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building materials CONCRETE AND RELATED PRODUCTS

8 7

CONCRETE ROOF TILES EAT SMOG, courtesy of bonded titanium dioxide

BoralPure Smog-Eating Tile, recipient of Popular Mechanics’ Breakthrough Award, removes nitrogen oxides from the atmosphere to improve environmental quality. The tiles include the photocatalyst titanium dioxide, which oxidizes with vehicle-emitted NOx and removes it from the atmosphere. The benign precipitate resulting from the chemical reaction washes away in the rain. The technology also uses naturally occurring UV light to help break down organic substances that can occur on roofs, such as mold and algae. Additional beneﬁts cited by the manufacturer include high thermal mass, emissivity, and reﬂectivity, and an insulating air space between the tile and the roof deck. At the end of their service life, the tiles can be recycled for new structures or roadways.

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PRIMER-PATCH COMBO SOLVES water problem at Auburn stadium

Auburn University’s Jordan-Hare stadium, home of the football Tigers, needed repairs recently when settling of precast concrete risers caused cyclical flooding. Water pooled on the floors of the risers every time it rained, increasing the risk of concrete damage and forcing fans to cope with the puddles. Contractor Southeast Restoration & Fireproofing applied ProSpec Level Set Epoxy Primer with sand broadcast to address the water problem in hard-to-bond areas where the existing coating could not be removed. This created a strong bonding surface for a mix of ProSpec Vinyl Concrete Patch and B-730 Mortar/Acrylic Additive. The product was featheredge sloped over the concrete flooring to fill in areas where pooling had typically occurred. The fix will help improve the longevity of the stadium and keep patrons’ feet drier during games.

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building materials CONCRETE AND RELATED PRODUCTS

TREATMENTS IMPROVE DENSITY while making surfaces more attractive

COURTESY MARK BEAMISH WATERPROOFING

Two products in PROSOCO’s Consolideck line are designed to improve the density and surface appearance of concrete. Consolideck LS features a lower viscosity and more highly reactive silicates than conventional sodium or potassium silicate hardeners. These characteristics help the formula penetrate more deeply into the surface. Higher reactivity aids hardening without the aggressive scrubbing and rinsing needed with conventional hardeners, according to the manufacturer. Consolideck LSGuard is a high-gloss sealer, hardener, and densifier that further increases sheen, hardness, and stain resistance of floors treated with Consolideck LS. It produces a high-gloss finish that maximizes light reflectance, eliminating the need for floor waxes, liquid polishers, and conventional resin coatings.

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Snap for video.

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See us at World of Concrete booth #S11327

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new projects

PORTFOLIO

BY AMY MCINTOSH, ASSOCIATE EDITOR

DARREN SETLOW PHOTOGRAPHY

CALIFORNIA HOUSING DEVELOPMENT TARGETS GEN Y TENANT PREFERENCES Elevé Lofts & Skydeck, in Glendale, Calif., is a 208-unit community designed as an affordable housing option for Generation Y. Accommodations include “micro” one-bedroom units (375 sf), as well as two-bedroom and loft units. A 26,000-sf skydeck includes a dog park, hot tubs, movie screen, and sports bar. AMF Development was developer, owner, and designer. Also on the Building Team: TAD Consulting (HVAC/mechanical engineer); AMPAM Parks Mechanical (plumbing engineer); Helix Electric (electrical engineer, lighting, ﬁre alarm, low-voltage); Largo Concrete, Van Dorphe Chou Associates, and Walstad Engineering (SE); KHR & Associates (CE); R&F Fire Protection & Plumbing (ﬁre protection design); Landscape Development (landscape design); Impact Services (environmental impact studies); and Group Delta Consultants (geotechnical).

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BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

BUSINESS SERVICES COMPANY TRANSFORMS MAINE WAREHOUSE INTO HQ OFFICES MPX Online recently consolidated its operations in a new headquarters in Portland, Maine. The design of the 80,000-sf facility, led by HDS Architecture, converted a 1970s warehouse into ofﬁces, plus a training center and production facility. The open ﬂoor plan includes tall ceilings, glass partitions, display walls, new skylights and windows, new covered entrances, and an exterior patio with landscaping. General contractor Great Falls Construction demolished concrete partitions to open the space, updated electrical and mechanical systems, and renovated the exterior for the new entrances and building openings.

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COURTESY BIG

BELOW-SEA-LEVEL DANISH MUSEUM CELEBRATES MARITIME HERITAGE Located in Helsingør, Denmark’s National Maritime Museum was constructed 23 feet below sea level to avoid obstructing views of historic Kronborg Castle. The underground facility was built around a 60-year-old abandoned dry dock that provides a centerpiece and gives visitors a feel for the scale of shipbuilding. Three double-level bridges span the concrete dock, providing surface pathways as well as shortcuts between sections of the museum. The 65,000-sf facility houses gently sloping exhibition spaces, an auditorium, classroom, ofﬁces, and a café. Bjarke Ingels Group led the project, in collaboration with Alectia (client consultant), Kossmann.dejong (exhibition designers), Rambøll (structure, MEP), Freddy Madsen Ingeniører (ﬁre consultant), KiBiSi (product design), and E. Pihl & Søn (contractor).

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4 LOS ANGELES DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE TURNS LOT INTO NEIGHBORHOOD PARK With its 50 Parks Initiative, Los Angeles takes underutilized properties and turns them into neighborhood parks. Lehrer Architects converted two parking lots encompassing 0.7 acres into a new public park. The 16th park created in the initiative, Spring Street Park, includes walking paths, an open lawn, seating, children’s play elements, native landscaping, and a smart irrigation system. Sixty-four custom-designed benches give visitors a place to sit, enjoy nature, and observe local programs. The Building Team also included John Labib and Associates (SE), Pace Water (water engineer), Donald Dickerson and Associates (electrical engineer), John Brubaker (lighting design), and Arktura (chair fabricator).

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products AT WORK

BY RAISSA ROCHA, ASSOCIATE EDITOR

OFFICE BUILDING TAKES ON CHARM OF NEARBY HISTORIC FARMHOUSES The Barn on Main, an office building in Chester, N.J., takes inspiration from surrounding barns and farmhouses. General contractor, property developer, and owner Bart Signorelli collaborated with Heyrich Architects on the project, which incorporates engineered and alternative materials but maintains a historic look. On the exterior, Azek trim and corner boards were combined with HardiePlank fiber cement siding for a rustic texture, and Azek beadboard on the soffits and entryway ceiling mimics the look of wainscoting. Inside the restrooms, HDPE partitions in a hammered bronze finish resemble elegant metals but are rust-, dent-, and scratch-resistant. Also employed: the Stealth integral architectural hinge.

Azek/Scranton Products CIRCLE NO. 800 ON READER SERVICE CARD

WOOD DOORS AND FINISHES ADD WARMTH TO ANIMAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER The Paul G. Allen Center for Global Animal Health at Washington State University, Pullman, was built to accommodate research on emerging diseases that affect both humans and animals. The interior features wood ceilings, walls, and millwork, contrasted with strategic use of bold colors. VT Industries provided wood doors in white ash, with ﬂush wood veneer doors chosen for classrooms and ofﬁce spaces and full-lite doors for the Biosafety Level-2 laboratory. Builders’ Hardware and Supply Company coordinated the doors and hardware. On the Building Team: ZGF Architects and Bouten Construction Company.

VT Industries CIRCLE NO. 801 ON READER SERVICE CARD

NEW WINDOWS REFRESH CLASSIC LOOK OF BUFFALO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL A project updating Houghton Academy, a PreK-8 elementary school in Buffalo, N.Y., features a renovated brick façade and new Wausau windows with Technoform Bautec’s polyamide thermal barrier, selected for energy efficiency and structural performance. Glazing contractor T.G.R. Enterprises replaced 125 outdated windows, and Linetec customized the new units with sandstone-colored paint for the exterior and a dark bronze anodized finish for the interior. Most of the windows feature glazed-in grid muntins with beveled profiles to accentuate the classic appearance. Wausau’s custom-contoured panning, finished with a twocoat PVDF product, helps replicate the look of the originals.

Technoform Bautec/Wausau Window & Wall Systems CIRCLE NO. 802 ON READER SERVICE CARD

JANUARY 2014

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

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CUSTOMIZED GLASS SOLUTIONS ENHANCE VIEWING AT BENJAMIN FRANKLIN MUSEUM A two-year, $24 million renovation of the Benjamin Franklin Museum in Philadelphia features custom glazing created by Saint-Gobain Glass. Architect Quinn Evans decided to enclose a space once sheltered only by a canvas canopy, creating an entrance lobby and easing access to the underground museum. A new glass curtain wall, incorporating glass “bricks” up to eight feet long, emulates the historic Flemish bond pattern of nearby garden walls, which were installed when Franklin Plaza was designed for the 1976 Bicentennial. A custom ceramic frit pattern was created with images derived from photos of the hand-molded brick. The project also included a monumental window that provides views of the “Ghost House” marking the original location of Franklin’s home, requiring two 8x16-foot pieces of laminated glass with a vertical joint.

Saint-Gobain North America CIRCLE NO. 803 ON READER SERVICE CARD

STONE CARVINGS ADD TROPICAL ELEGANCE TO DUAL-TOWER HOTEL IN PUNE, INDIA The new Hyatt Regency in Pune, India, features 5,000 square meters of Jaisalmer flower limestone in an antique finish, dry clad on the twin towers of the facility. One tower serves as a five-star business hotel; the other provides service apartments and retail space. The hardscape contract also included an entrance driveway cobbled in black granite and yellow Jaisalmer stone, a reflective water feature clad with tropical green granite, a sculpture consisting of black granite arches carved out of a single block of 300-mm-thick stone, and an interior water feature including a vertical cutwork lattice and 216 sculptured stone lotuses. On the Building Team: Bilkey Linas Design (architect) and Burega Farnell (landscape architect).

Odyssey Stone Architecture & Design CIRCLE NO. 804 ON READER SERVICE CARD

INCLINED WHEELCHAIR LIFTS IMPROVE MOBILITY FOR PHILADELPHIA RESIDENTS Butler Mobility inclined platform wheelchair lifts were installed by the Philadelphia Housing Authority and wheelchair lift dealer Total Access in seven new handicapped-accessible townhouses in the city, with the aim of helping residents live more independently. The accessible inclined wheelchair lifts can transport residents from the main ﬂoor to an upstairs level, and were customized to ﬁt the stairs of each townhouse. The product was manufactured locally, meeting federal funding requirements of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.

Butler Mobility CIRCLE NO. 805 ON READER SERVICE CARD

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BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

JANUARY 2014

directory BUSINESS STAFF GROUP DIRECTOR - PRINCIPAL Tony Mancini, 610.688.5553, tmancini@sgcmail.com BUILDING GROUP ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER John Rogier, 847.954.1053, jrogier@sgcmail.com DIGITAL SALES DIRECTOR Adam Grubb, 317.219.7546, agrubb@sgcmail.com ADMINISTRATIVE COORDINATOR David Schwer, 847.391.1039, dschwer@sgcmail.com INTEGRATED MEDIA CONSULTANT - PRINCIPAL Jeff Elliott, 616.846.4633, jelliott@sgcmail.com States: AL, AR, FL, GA, IL, KS, KY, LA, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, OK, SC, SD, TN, TX, Eastern Canada INTEGRATED MEDIA CONSULTANTS Paul DeGrandis, 847.920.9510 pauld@accelmediasolutions.com States: IA, IN, OH, WI Beth Emerich, 203.656.9553, bemerich@sgcmail.com States: CT, DC, DE, MA, MD, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT, WV Robert Reed, 630.460.2585, reedmedi@sbcglobal.net States: AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NM, NV, OR, UT, WA, WY, Western Canada EDUCATION AND AWARDS COORDINATOR Heidi Riedl, 920.397.7056, hriedl@sgcmail.com INSIDE SALES MANAGER Pete Pirocanac, 847.954.7935, ppirocanac@sgcmail.com ADVERTISING COORDINATOR Lyn Hennessey, 847.954.7968, lhennessey@sgcmail.com REPRINTS Heidi Riedl, 920.397.7056, hriedl@sgcmail.com SUBSCRIPTION INQUIRIES Circulation Department Building Design+Construction 3030 W. Salt Creek Lane, Suite 201 Arlington Heights, IL 60005-5025 Fax subscription changes to: 847.298.0862

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JANUARY 2014

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

ADVERTISER INDEX

Page number

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ARCAT............................................................................ 43, 65 ....................... 763, 770 Belden Brick ...................................................................... C3.............................. 772 Charlotte Pipe & Foundry .................................................16-17 ........................... 761 Chicago Faucets ................................................................ C4.............................. 773 Fabcon USA* ..................................................................... 57 .............................. 767 Guardian Industries Corp. .................................................. 12 .............................. 758 Honeywell ........................................................................... 4 ............................... 752 Huber Engineered Woods ................................................... 8 ............................... 755 LATICRETE SUPERCAP ..................................................... 59 .............................. 768 MediaPress Studios* .......................................................... 57 ................................ Modular Building Institute ................................................... 10 .............................. 756 Morton Buildings ................................................................ 13 .............................. 759 NCFI ............................................................................... 53, 56 ....................... 765, 766 Nora Systems Inc ........................................................... 11, 65 ....................... 757, 771 Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope .............................................. C2-3 ............................ 751 PPG Industries Inc .............................................................. 7 ............................... 754 SAFTI FIRST ...................................................................... 15 .............................. 760 Salsbury Industries .............................................................. 6 ............................... 753 SimplexGrinnell .................................................................. 19 .............................. 762 Valspar Corporation ........................................................ 49, 65 ....................... 764, 769 *Regional/Demographic ad The advertiser index is published as an additional service. The publisher does not assume any liability for omissions or errors.

FIRM/ASSOCIATION INDEX Advance Realty ........................................36 Alectia .....................................................61 ALSC .......................................................20 American Clearinghouse on Educational Facilities...................................................28 American Institute of Architects ................53 AMF Development ...................................60 AMPAM Parks Mechanical .......................60 Anacostia Waterfront Initiative...................40 Architectural Strategies LLC .....................32 Architectural Team, The............................47 Arktura.....................................................61 ASIS International.....................................28 ASTM International...................................45 B-Secure Consulting ..........................23, 35 BBS Architects, Landscape Architects, and Engineers.................................................18 BCV Architects .........................................38 Beck Group, The ......................................20 Benderson Development ..........................37 Beyer Blinder Belle ...................................41 BFC Partners ...........................................41 Bilkey Linas Design ..................................63 Bjarke Ingels Group..................................60 BKV Group ...............................................20 Bouten Construction Company .................62 Brian R. Bloom–Architect .........................34 Burega Farnell .........................................63 Burns & McDonnell ..................................14 Castle & Cooke ........................................41 Chicago Lakeside Development LLC.........39 CIM Group ...............................................37 Collavino Construction..............................55 Collins Woerman ......................................54 Cook Composites .....................................51 Cooper, Robertson & Partners ..................38 Corgan Associates ...................................22 Council of Educational Facilities Planners .28 CPC Resources ........................................39 Creech & Associates ................................41 Delancey Street Associates ......................41 Donald Dickerson and Associates.............61 Dominium ................................................20 E. Pihl & Søn............................................61 Earl Swenson Associates............................6 Eastern Concrete Materials ......................55 Educational Alliance .................................41 EE&K .................................................37, 40 Electronic Security Association .................28 Empire State Development .......................37 Environmental Systems Design ................44 Erie Canal Harbor Development Corporation 37 Fanning Howey ........................................22 Finnwood .................................................35 Freddy Madsen Ingeniører........................61

Garco Construction ..................................20 Gartner ....................................................42 gkkworks .................................................20 Grand Street Settlement ...........................41 Great Falls Construction ...........................60 Group Delta Consultants ..........................60 Hammes Company ..................................54 Hanover Company, The ............................37 Hatch Mott MacDonald ............................35 HDR Architecture .....................................14 HDS Architecture......................................60 Heery International ...................................23 Helix Electric ............................................60 Heller Urban Renewal...............................36 Heyrich Architects ....................................62 Hoffman-Madison Waterfront ...................40 Holabird & Root........................................45 Hollywood Park Land Company ................38 Impact Services .......................................60 Integrus Architecture ................................24 International Concrete Repair Institute ......53 Iowa School Safety Coalition.....................32 Ironstate Development .............................36 James Corner Field Operations ................39 JCJ Architecture.................................27, 34 John Brubaker .........................................61 John Labib and Associates.......................61 KAI Texas .................................................56 Katan Group.............................................39 KHR & Associates ....................................60 KiBiSi .......................................................61 Kossmann.dejong ....................................61 KPFF Consulting Engineers ......................20 KSQ Architects .........................................20 L&M Development ...................................41 LaBella Associates ...................................33 Landscape Development ..........................60 Largo Concrete ........................................60 Lehrer Architects......................................61 LMN Architects ........................................20 Lotus Contractors.....................................48 MA Engineers ..........................................20 Madison Marquette ..................................40 McCaffery Interests ..................................39 Metal Coatings Corp.................................51 Mia Lehrer & Associates ..........................38 National Association of Pipe Fabricators ...53 National Association of School Security and Law Enforcement Officials ........................26 National Center for Manufacturing Sciences 45 National Domestic Preparedness Coalition 28 National Institute of Crime Prevention .......23 National School Safety and Security Services .26 National School Safety Center ..................22 Navigant Research ...................................42

North Texas Communications ...................28 Olson Kundig Architects ...........................18 Pace Water ..............................................61 Painting & Decorating Contractors of America ...................................................53 PBK Architects .........................................24 Pegasus Group ........................................36 Perkins Eastman ................................37, 40 Perkins+Will ............................................53 PH Hoffman & Associates.........................40 Prusik Group, The ....................................41 Puetz Corp. ..............................................32 Purdy McGuire .........................................20 PW Grosser Consulting ............................18 Quarto Design Group ...............................38 Quinn Evans.............................................63 R. L. Sohol General Contractors Inc. .........35 R&F Fire Protection & Plumbing ...............60 Rafael Viñoly Architects ............................39 Rambøll ...................................................61 Raymond L. Goldstein Jr...........................20 RBF Consulting ........................................20 Ross Barney Architects.............................33 Russo Development .................................36 Satterfield & Pontikes Construction...........56 SCC Construction Management Group .....18 Seaholm Power LLC.................................37 Sellen Construction ..................................54 SHoP Architects .................................39, 41 Solomon Cordwell Buenz .........................37 SOM ........................................................39 Southeast Restoration & Fireproofing........56 Sparling/ILA Zammit ................................20 SSOE Group.......................................33, 42 Stalco Construction ..................................18 Steiner Equities ........................................36 Stockbridge Capital Partners ....................38 SWA Group ..............................................38 Swinerton Builders ...................................20 Taconic Investment Partners.....................41 TAD Consulting ........................................60 T.G.R. Enterprises.....................................62 Trammell Crow Company .........................37 Two Trees Management Company............38 U.S. Green Building Council......................47 Ultrasafe Security Specialists ....................28 Urbanspace Real Estate ...........................37 URS Corp.................................................20 US Steel...................................................39 Van Dorphe Chou Associates ...................60 Walstad Engineering ................................60 Weis Builders ...........................................20 Wilson Meany ..........................................38 Wimmer Yamada and Caughey ................20 ZGF Architects .........................................62

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The Building Products App Beauty doesn’t have to fade. Protect your vision from extreme temperatures and harsh sunlight. Visit valsparcoilextrusion.com to ﬁnd out which Valspar coating product is right for your job, today!

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we care

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MAINTENANCE ON TAP.

Throughout the year, the staff of Building Design + Construction collects books, dvds, snacks and personal care items to send “thank you” packages to our troops.

Ask for flooring that cleans with little more than water.

If you have someone near and dear serving overseas, please send us their name and shipping information, and we will send a package to them from their appreciative fans at BD+C.

www.nora.com/us/maintenance7

E-mail the soldier’s name and shipping address to Sandi Stevenson at sstevenson@sgcmail.com. Please include your name and contact information.

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BD C MARKETPLACE

It all starts with a blank sheet of metal.

PRODUCT

solutions

BY AMY MCINTOSH , ASSOCIATE EDITOR

DRYWALL PANELS SIMPLIFY CURVED CORNER INSTALLATION Curve-Corners from Fulcrum Composites simplify the process of creating radius corners in drywall. The radius of the engineered sandwich panels is set, with a 2¼-inch straight section to secure the panel in place with a standard drywall screw gun. Contractors can choose to have the panel edges tapered to match the factory edge of drywall or untapered to provide a normal butt joint. A table saw or sharp utility knife can be used to cut sections to length or create miters. The outer face of the panel is made of standard drywall paper, ensuring a uniform texture across the corner assembly and adjacent panels.

Fulcrum Composites CIRCLE NO. 820 ON READER SERVICE CARD

VERTICAL BLADE LOUVER PROVIDES PROTECTION AGAINST EXTREME WEATHER The Airolite Storm Class Louver Type SCV501 is a wind-driven rain louver designed to protect air intake and exhaust openings in building exterior walls from direct water penetration, even in extreme weather. The louver is ACMA licensed for water penetration, air performance, and wind-driven rain. The design incorporates a drainable head member and ﬁve-inch-deep vertical, rain-resistant blades. The louvers are available in an array of architectural ﬁnishes for compatibility with adjacent components.

Airolite CIRCLE NO. 821 ON READER SERVICE CARD

BARN DOORS ADD VERSATILITY TO COMMERCIAL SPACES Designed for medical clinics, hospital exam rooms, and corporate ofﬁces, Aurora Barn Doors are engineered for space savings, acoustic mitigation, durability, functionality, and code compliance. The doors are top hung with no exposed track, allowing them to roll smoothly and quietly. “Soft close” technology and ADA compliance accommodate users of all ages and ability levels. The jambs wrap gypsum wall construction for quick installation. A modular integrated glass wall system allows for a variety of glass sidelight and transom options, including silicone joint glazing and internal privacy blinds. All door systems are available in swing versions for consistent aesthetics across an entire project.

Aurora Doors CIRCLE NO. 822 ON READER SERVICE CARD

JANUARY 2014

BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION

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Belden delivers more.

Ambassador - 3-5/8” x 2-1/4” x 15-5/8”

The Standard of Comparison since 1885

Double Monarch - 3-5/8” x 7-5/8” x 15-5/8”

An ISO 9001:2008 Registered Quality Management System An ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management System

330.456.0031

6” Thru-Wall - 5-5/8” x 3-5/8” x 15-5/8”

www.beldenbrick.com

8” Double Thru-wall - 7-5/8” x 7-5/8” x 15-5/8”

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More Colors, Sizes, Shapes & Textures The Belden Brick Company is proud to give customers more choices. With a selection of more than 300 colors, 20 different sizes, 13 textures and unlimited shapes, Belden Brick offers the widest range of products to choose from. That is why since 1885, The Belden Brick Company has been recognized as the quality leader in the brick industry.

Performance by design. ®

The HyTronic Series For the past seven years, HyTronic® has been the most dependable line of electronic faucets in the world. Now, we’ve expanded our offering with two new designs to meet a variety of architectural styles. Our new HyTronic® Curve and Edge join our Traditional and Contemporary HyTronic spout designs – and all are compatible with our new Commander® Handheld Programming Unit. While we think each design speaks for itself, we invite you to learn more about our stylish, dependable, programmable line of electronic faucets. For a free Design Guide, visit www.chicagofaucets.com/design.

HyTronic

Curve

HyTronic

Edge