THE NUTRITION FUNCTION SEPTIEMBRE/OCTUBRE 2012
INDEX 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
What is nutrition? Plant nutrition ATP Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients Animal nutrition: breathing Animal nutrition: circulation and excretion
1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process Obtaining nutrients
Respiration
NUTRITION
Distributing substances
Excretion
1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process
Get energy
To make / repair their structures
Autotrophic nutrition Heterotrophic nutrition
1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNOTpi7GOh4
1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process
CO2 (Carbon dioxide) RESPIRATION H2O
(Water) OXYGEN
1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process
ALL PARTS OF ORGANISM
1. What is nutrition? / The nutrition process
Waste products
1. What is nutrition? / Nutrition in cells
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7IN7HTWzLs
1. What is nutrition? / Nutrition in cells
Most of cells are not in contact with the environment
Organs or systems
W h a t i s n u t r i t i o n ?
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) 1. What is ATP? 2. Draw a molecule of ATP.
3. Explain the chemistry of ATP. 4. What is the function of ATP?
2. Plant nutrition http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gLa5EWn9OI
P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S
3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients FEEDING
Consists of ingesting food (animals, plants and their derivates) which contain organic nutrients.
3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients DIGESTION Is the transformation of food into smaller components to obtain the organic nutrients from it.
3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients ANIMALS WITH NO DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• Simplest animals
• They do not have a digestive system • Eg: sponges
3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients ANIMALS WITH A DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • Gastrovascular cavities
• Cnidarios and Platyhelminthes
3. Animal nutrition: obtaing nutrients ANIMALS WITH A DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Digestive tracts (2 opening: mouth and anus)
The simplest
The most complex
3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients DIGESTIVE TRACTS THE SIMPLEST They do not have
digestive glands E.g. Annelids
Earthworm
3. Animal nutrition: obtaining nutrients DIGESTIVE TRACTS THE MOST COMPLEX They have digestive glands → substances which break down the molecules of nutrients.
E.g. Molluscs, arthropods and vertebrates.
4. Animal nutrition: breathing
Animals (take oxygen)
WATER
AIR
4. Animal nutrition: breathing (water)
ANIMAL THAT CAN TAKE OXYGEN DISSOLVED IN WATER DO IT THROUGH EITHER THE BODY SURFACE OR THE GILLS
4. Animal nutrition: breathing (water) BODY SURFACE Animals (water/very wet) → have very soft srfaces O2 → inside the bodies → cells
AMPHIBIANS SPONGES
CNIDARIA
WORM
The body surface
4. Animal nutrition: breathing (water) GILLS Very soft skinned filaments → capillaries(O2 cells of the animal)
CRUSTACEANS FISH
MOLLUSCS AMPHIBIANS
Gills
GILLS
4. Animal nutrition: breathing (air)
ANIMALS THAT TAKE OXYGEN FROM THE AIR NEED INTERNAL SURFACES WITH THIN WET WALLS, SUCH AS THE TRACEAE OR THE LUNGS
4. Animal nutrition: breathing (air) TRACHEAE
Traceae are very thin tubes that lead out of the body through pores: spiracles. E.g. Insects
Tracheae
TRACHEAE
4. Animal nutrition: breathing (air) LUNGS 2 spongy organs.
They have alveoli or air capillaries (in birds) → the oxygen passes into the blood. Lead out of the body through the rest of the respiratory tract.
REPTILES
AMPHIBIANS BIRDS
MAMMALS
Lungs
5. Animal nutrition: circulation and excretion
CIRCULATION: TRANSPORTATION OF SUBSTANCES
5. Animal nutrition: circulation and excretion SPONGES
CNIDARIA
THEY DO NOT HAVE BODY PARTS SPECIALISED IN TRANSPORTION THEY INTERCHANGE SUBSTANCES DIRECTLY WITH THE OUTSIDE ENVIRONMENT
5. Animal nutrition: circulation and excretion OTHER ANIMALS NEED CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
CIRCULATING LIQUID
VESSELS AND A PUMP
Interchanges substances between the cells and the exchanges surfaces
Which moves the liquid thanks to contraction an d dilation movements
EXAMPLES OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
5. Animal nutrition: circulation and
excretion SPONGES
CNIDARIA
THEY DO NOT HAVE SPECIALISED PARTS FOR EXCRETION
THEY ELIMINATE WASTE SUBSTANCES THROUGH THEIR BODY SURFACE
5. Animal nutrition: circulation and
excretion OTHER ANIMALS ELIMINATE WASTE SUBSTANCES THROUGH EXCHANGE SURFACES
IN THE RESPIRATION ORGANS The CO2 from breathing is expelled in these organs.
IN THE EXCRETORY ORGANS
Collect the waste matter from the fluids Eliminate directly in the environment
EXAMPLES OF EXCRETORY ORGANS