Name ___________________________________Date _____________________ Period ________
After the Incas 1) By the 1540s, Spain had claimed most of Central and South America, but Portugal claimed _____________. 2) They set up a strong government ruled by citizen from __________. __________ made up the middle class, and __________ _____________ were the least powerful. 3) Mestizos—People of mixed ______ and ______ __________ descent. 4) The ___________became the main language of Latin America and ______________ priest spread their religion. 5) Spain gave its ___________ encomiendas, which were rights to _____ and enslave Native Americans. Most Native Americans died from ___________, malnutrition and _____________.
Freedom Fighters Haiti 6) In _______, Toussaint L’Ouverture led a slave revolt against __________ rulers. 7)They were inspired by the __________ Revolution in the 1770s and ___________ Revolution in 1789. a. revolution—a political movement in which the _______ overthrow the ____________ and set up another.
Mexico 8) In 1810, a priest named _______ _________ began a revolt against ___________ rulers in Mexico. 9) He attracted 80,000 fighters to take on the army, but they were defeated and Hidalgo was _______________. 10) A Spanish army officer named ________ ___ ________ continued the struggle and declared Mexico independent in ________.
South America 11) Agustin de Iturbide and _______ _________ were both wealthy criollos. A criollo or creole is a person born in Latin America with __________ parents. 12) Bolivar joined the fight for South American independence in _________. 13) By 1822, Bolivar and his troops had freed the future countries of Colombia, __________, Ecuador, and ___________. 14) Jose de San Martin, a Spanish army officer from ___________, led his country to freedom in _______. He then led his troops over the ________ Mountains into Chile. 15) After liberating Chile in ________, San Martin surprised the Spanish in ________ and freed Peru in __________. 16) By 1825, every region of Latin America had been freed from Spanish control but _______ and __________ ________. 17) Portugal’s colony, _________, gained its independence without fighting. The Portuguese prince, _______ _________ declared __________ independent in ________.