Endnotes 1 For a comparison of ivories from the Bhansali Collection and ivories carved in the rest of Asia, see: Robert J. Del Bontà, Lotus Leaves, “Roman Catholic Ivories from Asia,” Lotus Leaves, Society for Asian Art, San Francisco, Volume 23, Number 1 (Fall 2020), pp. 10–35. Figure 2-16 illustrates an Immaculate Conception from the collection not included in this catalog. 2 Catalogs of these collections include: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, A Expansão Portuguesa e a Arte do Marfim (Lisbon, Portugal, 1991); Francisco Faria Paulino and Susan Lowndes Marques, Portuguese Expansion Overseas and the Art of Ivory (Lisbon: Comissão Nacional para as Comemorações dos Descobrimentos Portugueses, 1991). The Museum of Christian Art at Velha Goa is housed in the old convent of Saint Monica: https://goa-tourism.com/christian and http://www.goaholidayguide.com/ tourist-attractions/museum-of-christian-art-goa.php. The museum clearly holds a great deal of material, but does not yet have a robust online catalog. 3 Icons of Faith: Indo-Portuguese Art from the CSMVS Collection. December 10, 2019 through March 29, 2020. 4 Treasure Ships: Art in the Age of Spices, James Bennett and Russell Kelty, eds., Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 2015, at the Art Gallery of Western Australia, Perth, October 10, 2015–January 31, 2016 and Art Gallery of South Australia, Adelaide, June 13–August 30, 2016 and Journeys to New Worlds: Spanish and Portuguese Colonial Art from the Roberta and Richard Huber Collection, at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Suzanne L. Stratton-Pruitt, ed., February 16, 2013–May 19, 2013: https://www. philamuseum.org/exhibitions/777.html. 5 Their website has images of seventeen ivories: https://collections.artsmia.org/ search/goa. A number of these works are illustrated in Del Bontà, ibid. Figs. 2–6, 2–9, and 2–11 6 In time, the Roman Catholic Church came to terms with how to assimilate the earlier Christian traditions. For a discussion of the complexities of the accommodations, see João Teles e Cunha, “Confluence and Divergence: The Thomas Christians and the Padroado c. 1500-1607,” Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 63 (1-2), pp. 45–71. 7 For a discussion of his error, see: Alexander Henn, “Vasco da Gama’s Error: Conquest and Plurality,” in Hindu-Catholic Encounters in Goa: Religion, Colonialism, and Modernity (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2014), Chapter 1“Vasco da Gama’s Error: Conquest and Plurality,” pp. 19–39.
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