The McGill Tribune Vol. 36 Issue 6

STUDENT LIVING “Bartender Kevin Demers takes mixology up a level at the Cold Room” pg. 10

FEATURE “Constructing Chinatown: the lore of representation” pg. 08-09

The McGill Tribune

EDITORIAL: LIGHTING THE WAY TO A SAFER CAMPUS AT MCGILL pg. 05

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 12, 2016

VOL. 36 ISSUE 6

PUBLISHED BY THE SPT, A STUDENT SOCIETY OF MCGILL UNIVERSITY

McGILLTRIBUNE.COM

modern made vintage: a conversation with adam kubota of postmodern jukebox YouTube-based music collective translates tunes across decades Demaris Oxman Contributor

worker at a community centre.

On a night out, he keeps the vibe friendly, and the situation under control. During the day, he works with juvenile delinquents, people with autism spectrum disorder, and people trying to find employment.

As described in a 2015 interview with the group’s founder Scott Bradlee, the New York-based musical collective Postmodern Jukebox “puts pop music in a time machine.” Led

by Scott Bradlee and joined by a host of talented performers, Postmodern Jukebox has gained popularity over the past few years by releasing weekly videos— their most popular has over 22 million views—in which they create vintage renditions of the same tunes heard on the radio.

The Tribune sat down with Adam Kubota, longtime bassist with the group and old friend of Bradlee, to talk about the artistic process of turning pop songs into old-school jazz, soul, swing, and more.

Kubota and Bradlee met at the University of Hartford Hartt School, a performing arts conservatory in Connecticut.

The pair started off playing at bars and small clubs in the early 2000s.

“Back then, the gigs weren’t so glamorous,” Kubota said.

“Sometimes we got paid in pizza.” Later on, Bradlee saw the advent of YouTube as a new medium to bring his ideas into the world, and Postmodern Jukebox was eventually born in 2011.

The gap between a Notorious B.I.G. hip-hop jam and a 1940s jazz number seems like a big leap to make, but for Postmodern Jukebox, that transition comes naturally.

PG. 16

PG. 11

Dr. Jane Goodall delivers the keynote speech at the International Conference on Sustainable Veterenary Practice. (Natalie Vineberg / The McGill Tribune)

11th March for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women draws hundreds Inquiry not enough say advocates, call for immediate action Astha Agarwal Contributor On Oct. 4, hundreds of Montrealers gathered to walk in solidarity at the 11th Annual March for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women.

The march was hosted by Montreal’s Centre for Gender

Advocacy in conjunction with its Missing Justice Collective. A total distance of 1.7 kilometres was covered, starting from Place Émilie-Gamelin and walking along Rue St-Denis.

The event was held to bring awareness to the Canadian legacy of marginalization and violence towards indigenous women. A

2014 Royal Canadian Mounted Police report found that 1,181 indigenous women had been murdered or were considered missing from 1980 to 2012. The Native Women’s Association of Canada estimated this number to be about 4,000. In response, the Canadian government launched a two-year national inquiry

into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls on Sept. 1.

Ellen Gabriel, a Mohawk activist and former president of the Quebec Native Women’s Association, expressed doubts over the effectiveness of the inquiry during a speech at the march.

PG. 02

Know your athlete: Qadr Spooner Ziko Smith Contributor Larger than life offensive lineman Qadr Spooner caught the eye of CFL scouts at a McGill Football practice who were there to evaluate now-NFL line-

man Laurent Duvernay-Tardiff in 2013. It is obvious why. Qadr has a rare presence—he is gregarious, friendly, quick with a joke, and a conspiratorial wink to put you at ease. Add his six foot four inch, 310 lbs frame into the mix and you can understand

why scouts were drawn to him.

“Honestly, I am a people person,” Spooner said. “I like to socialize. I like to help people out.”

Spooner puts his people skills to work off the field as a bouncer at Madame Lee and as a social

pg. 11 - 13

2

NEWS

Wednesday, October 12, 2016

11th March for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women draws hundreds Inquiry not enough say advocates, call for immediate action

Astha Agarwal Contributor Continued from page 1.

“We need to remember that indigenous women have been asking for education, [and] sensitization at all levels of government, for many years [....]” Gabriel said. “While the inquiry goes on, colonialism goes on. While colonialism goes on, violence goes on. We cannot wait for any more rhetoric, for any more pain to happen, because in the two years that the inquiry will be organizing itself, we will lose more sisters, we will lose more children to the welfare system.”

Virginia Wabano, a research officer for the Cree Health Board in Northern Quebec, attended the march while she was in the city working to open two womens’ shelters in the James Bay Territory.

“Today, I’m marching because my friend’s mother was murdered in 1991, and her case was reopened today,” Wabano said.

“It brings hope. I want to join the many families here to show I’m here to support them as well and that there is still hope.”

Gabriel called for all Canadian politicians and citizens to be educated about violence towards indigenous women. She emphasized, however, that concrete actions will come only if citizens demand change.

“If Canada is really sincere on reconciliation, then it must act within the school system, within the political system, within

institutionalized systems, because the people must change their attitude. It’s not solely up to government,” Gabriel said. “[....You] as the constituents of these politicians that you elect into your parliaments, into your national assemblies [...] you must demand the education and demand that the violence stop [....And you] must demand it now.”

According to Nakuset, executive director of the Native Women’s Shelter of Montreal, the current focuses of the indigenous women’s movement is on activism to educate and raise awareness, along with applying for funding.

“The inquiry is not going to be over for another two years and nothing is actually going to happen until after then,” Nakuset said. “So we need to, as a community, create solutions [....] Money is something we are working on, but whether we get it or not is a different story.”

Stacey Gomez, action coordinator at the Centre for Gender Advocacy, encourages students to join the Missing Justice collective, which meets once a week to strategize and take meaningful action against violence towards indigenous peoples. In addition to holding teach-ins and participatory exercises for groups to discuss the community’s role in the indigenous movement, the collective has also participated in ground searches for missing women. Gomez stated that new members and input are always welcome at the collective.

“We’re always looking for people to do

Hundreds gathered for the March for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women. (L-A Benoit / The McGill Tribune)

promotion, help with public education, and bring new ideas forward about how we can amplify the voices and asks of indigenous people,” Gomez said.

Anouska Ralph, a second-year student of First People’s Studies at Concordia who also attended the march, stated that the role of foreign countries in prolonging violence against Canadian indigenous populations is also not acknowledged in international curriculums.

“I’m an English woman and I moved here two months ago,” Ralph said. “Back home [in England] we are not taught what we did here at all, it’s not in our history lessons.

Being the people who did most of the damage, we should learn about this in school and we just don’t, so I feel like I have an obligation to be here and gain as much knowledge as I can.”

U2 Arts student Zoë Poole, who was marching for her second year in a row, felt the march has an important role in educating the public about violence toward indigenous women.

“Both times I found it an emotional yet empowering experience,” Poole said. “It amazes me that indigenous issues in Canada go so unreported that born-and-raised Canadians aren’t even aware of what occurs.”

Featuring Henry Mintzberg Presents

The Walrus Talks Energy

The new energy economy, our collective impact, and finding paths to a sustainable energy future

John Cleghorn Professor of Management Studies, McGill Universi

Chris Ragan

Chair, Canada’s Ecofiscal Commission

Deborah Yedlin

Business columnist, Calgary Herald

Jane Kearns

Senior advisor, MaRS Cleantech

Leah Lawrence

President and CEO, Sustainable Development Technology Canada

Nicholas Parker

Chair, Global Acceleration Partners

Ross Hornby

Vice-president, government affairs and policy, GE Canada

Tanya Barnaby

Executive director, Mi’gmawei Mawiomi Secretariat

Thursday, October 13, 7 p.m.

Moyse Hall Theatre, Arts Building, McGill University

Buy tickets

thewalrus.ca/events General admission: $10 | Students: $6

3

NEWS

Wednesday, October 12, 2016

Senior Administrators sit down with student media

Sustainability, sexual violence policy, and student activism discussed working on the release of the Draft Policy against Sexual Violence in recent weeks. Dyens stated that the university is in the process of hiring another employee to assist Bianca Tétrault, the current Liaison Officer (Harm Reduction) in promoting awareness of sexual assault on campus. Additionally, Dyens discussed plans to create a sexual assault office at 688 Sherbrooke in addition to hiring support staff.

“Will that be enough? You know, I think we’ll see in a year from now,” Dyens said. “We will need a lot of support […] because […] the education, awareness, [and prevention pillar of the policy] is something the whole community has to work on and I think there has been progress in the last few years.

Are we where we want to be? No, not Fortier discussed sustainability and student activism with campus media. (L-A Benoit / The McGill Tribune) until we get rid of [sexual violence] on campus.” ercising stewardship on actions that we ity,” Fortier said. “That’s where we’ll Sara Cullen Another plan for the current will take to decrease our footprint and have our school of public policy and News Editor school year includes a change to menincrease our commitment to sustaingreat initiatives on sustainability. That, tal health services on campus that will ability in all we do.”

I think, is an important decision for our On Oct. 4, Principal and Vicebetter accommodate students in crisis.

According to Fortier, disagreecampus and one that I think is aligned Chancellor of McGill University SuDyens stated that a new ‘step-care’ proment on complex issues such as dialso with what the community sees as zanne Fortier, and Deputy Provost (Stugram was launched on Oct. 3 in order to vestment is to be expected, and even important.” dent Life & Learning) Ollivier Dyens, decrease wait times for students. encouraged, on campus.

Fortier acknowledged that while met with members of the student media “Not every student that comes to “I am not expecting, in particular the administration may not see eye-tofor a question and answer session. mental health, counselling, or health on issues that are complex and issues eye with student activists who are proTopics covered during the roundtable services needs to see a psychiatrist that are political, that there will be a total ponents of divestment, McGill is still included sustainability at McGill, the right away,” Dyens said. “So [the step[alignment] of views on our campus–in committed to investments in sustainimplementation of the policy against care approach] will be a process where fact I would probably be worried if ability. sexual violence, and the importance of students will be seen very quickly, asthere were,” Fortier said. “In a demo“We don’t agree on everything, student voices on campus. sessed very quickly, and [delivered] cratic society or community, there are as of course we all know that Divest In addition, Fortier and Dyens services very quickly [….] The great differences in opinion, always. What McGill had a position on divestment,” spoke briefly about the future plans for majority of our students coming into is important for us as an institution is Fortier said. “They themselves had said the Royal Victoria Hospital site (RVH). mental health or counselling services making sure that different opinions are that it’s […] a symbolic political gesAlthough the decision to develop the just come once [...] so for a lot of them expressed freely, without fear. Also, ture. The [McGill Board of Governors] site has not been finalized, Fortier stated we can act very quickly and address the that different voices are respected and had a different opinion on [divestment]. that the space would be dedicated to problem [….] And for those who have that people are able to hear one another The Board had an identical view, howsustainability. more fundamental issues, then we will and that as a community we can move ever, on the urgency and importance “We haven’t made the decision free up time from our psychiatrists who forward in a positive and constructive of taking actions towards increasing yet [because] we need to do the feasibilactually deal with these things.” way.” sustainability. There was no dissention ity study, but if [RVH] is developed, it When asked about plans to better The administration has been on that front and the Board will be exwill be around the theme of sustainabil-

communicate with the student body, Fortier and Dyens stated that communication is a reoccurring problem faced by the administration.

“Communicating with students is never an easy thing to do,” Dyens said.

“We are struggling with communication, period—faculty, students, staff, the outside community. We are still using email and I think that’s probably the first issue.”

Dyens explained that he is creating a student advisory group in order to better hear student voices on campus.

Applications will be available on the McGill website later in the Fall semester. “[The advisory group is] really to give us an idea of what is going on […],” Dyens said. “It is complicated [because] students hear voices, they hear bits and pieces, [and] sometimes we don’t tell students the exact [reasoning behind our decisions]. We talk with the Students’ Society of McGill University [(SSMU) and] Post-Graduate Students’ Society [(PGSS) …] but they themselves have issues communicating with the student body. I don’t have a perfect answer —it is a struggle.”

The principal also stated that while she makes an effort to spend time with students, the size of the student body inhibits the amount of conversation that can happen between the student body and the administration.

“Obviously, we have 40,000 students, so nobody can spend the time with each one,” Fortier said. “We try to [hear] what students are saying and to see what you are doing on campus.

To [understand] what your life looks like on campus, what are the things you want to see, and so on. It is a large community and that critique [regarding communication] will always be there.”

McGill Mental Health and Counselling Services streamlined

Integrated service aims to reduce confusion and wait-time Cheyenne Cranston Contributor From September onwards, McGill Mental Health Services and Counselling Services will no longer operate as two separate services. The change is intended to shorten wait times and increase the accessibility of mental health services. Students can now seek help at the Counselling Services Office on the fourth floor of the Brown Student Services Building, as well as the Mental Health Services office on the fifth floor. New patients at both points of entry will go through the same evaluation process, and will be directed to the appropriate resources based on an initial check-up.

Interim Executive Director of Student Services Robyn Wiltshire stressed the amount of feedback received in the three-year process to implement this new plan. During this

period, opinions were collected in the form of student satisfaction surveys, cyclical reviews, and consultations with professionals.

“Students have expressed their concerns and their dissatisfaction with the services that we were delivering,” Wiltshire said.

Students will no longer have to decide between seeking help at counselling services, or at mental health services. A single booking process has been implemented, which allows students to see an intake clinician who will help guide them to appropriate services, including those that are peer-led.

“Basically students were confused about where they should go to get service […],” Wiltshire said.

“We were requiring students basically to self-diagnose before they chose which door to go to and that was really not appropriate, and not something that a student should be expected to

do.”

According to Wiltshire, diversifying the approaches to support and allowing clinicians more flexibility will enable students to access services in a more timely manner.

“We also had long wait times in between clinical appointments,” Wiltshire said. “Because all of our clinicians were operating on one hour clinical cycles […] the clinical appointment was for a full hour, the check-ins don’t need to be for a full hour [....] The idea is [...] the clinicians will be able to be more proactive with the students they are following,” Wiltshire said.

The official announcement was made in a panel discussion titled, “A New Frame of Mind,” an event that was part of the Students in Mind (SiM) Conference. During the discussion, one student voiced a concern that the new model deprived students of the autonomy to choose which ser-

vice to seek. over the new model’s lack of protection for student choice.

Dr. Nancy Low, clinical director at McGill Mental Health Services, responded to the student’s concern.

“Say the student already has a diagnosed mental health disorder and they’re on medication, they will be put straight to a psychiatrist,” Low said.

Concern was also raised over the lack of communication between clinicians in different services during the feedback collected before the merge.

“I guess one of the major things from a student perspective is just [not] having to tell the story so many times,” Dr. Low said.

Dalya Kablawi, a U1 anatomy and cell biology student and student volunteer at the Peer Support Centre, believes the student body could be better informed about the decision.

“I feel like the student body, a good portion of them, don’t know

they’ve been merged yet,” Kablawi said.

However, Kablawi believes it to be a positive change overall.

“In terms of accessibility, I think it’s been improved a lot,” Kablawi said.

Nevertheless, the evaluation of the new service model will be an ongoing process for both students and faculty.

“It sounds great on paper,” Kablawi said. “I don’t know what kind of hurdles they’ll face when they get started in terms of practicality, in terms of logistical issues.”

According to Wiltshire, the new model will revolve around a continuous feedback loop for improvement.

“I’m not saying that we’re done,” Wiltshire said. “We made a change, we flipped a switch and that’s done. This is a process and it’s a process that requires continuous improvement,” Wiltshire said.

4

NEWS

Wednesday, October 12, 2016

Board of Governors adjourns after interruption by Divest McGill Body hears update on tuition deregulation and presentation from SSMU Jenna Stanwood News Editor On Oct. 6, the McGill Board of Governors (BoG) held its monthly meeting, during which they heard an update from Principal Suzanne Fortier on her recent activities and a presentation from the Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU) executives outlining information about their organization. The meeting was interrupted by members of Divest McGill, forcing an early adjournment.

Tuition deregulation Fortier informed the board of her recent activities, which include her work on external relations and government lobbying. Fortier’s update included a discussion on her advocacy for tuition deregulation, which would allow McGill to keep funds from student tuition that currently are handed to the provincial government to be used in equalization payments across universities.

“When it comes to Canadian, non-Quebec residents [...their] fees are higher and the [provincial government claims] a big portion of those fees and puts them into equalization [payments],” Fortier said. “When it comes to international students [...the government] imposes significant fees, [then take those] fees and redistribute them in the system.”

Fortier has been lobbying the Quebec government to allow McGill to keep those extra fees from out-of-province and international students, and for universities across Quebec to determine for themselves how they will use these fees.

“When [...an international student] pays $30,000 to come to McGill, let’s keep that money at McGill, because it’s very hard to explain to our students why the money they’re spending here is going somewhere else [...],” Fortier said. “ Diminishing or decreasing the student to faculty ratios, more opportunities for our students to be involved

in internships, better student services—whether its academic services or personal health [...] this is what we would do with this money [....] My advice to the government is don’t adopt a one-size-fits-all approach and impose one model on all universities.

The beauty of the Quebec system is we’re all different.”

SSMU presentation SSMU President Ben Ger and Vice-President (VP) University Affairs Erin Sobat gave the board a presentation outlining basic information about SSMU. According to BoG Chair Stuart Cobbett, the presentation was part of the board’s regular education agenda at each meeting.

“It has been our habit in meetings to have a presentation, typically it’s been on an academic subject [...], but this time we thought it would be helpful to do this so you can hear from the students themselves,” Cobbett said.

The presentation, which outlined the composition and activities of SSMU, drew concerns by the board over equal gender representation on the council and in the executive. Ger responded by discussing research the Society has started into equity in representation.

“On the executive level, there definitely is a problem with [equal gender representation], and that is going to be looked at in the equitable governance reform that we’re looking at right now,” Ger said. “[We’re] looking at the different ways that our government right now is accessible to different groups on campus.”

Interruption by Divest McGill Members of Divest McGill disrupted the meeting to address the board, which prompted members to adjourn the meeting early. According to Jed Lenetsky, a member of Divest McGill who was also present at the meeting, the group had often interrupted BoG meetings, but this was the first time the board has adjourned in response.

Members of Divest McGill interrupted the Board of Governors meeting. (Noah Sutton / The McGill Tribune)

“Divest McGill interrupting board meetings isn’t something new [...] we’ve been doing [it] for the past year, mainly due to the fact that the McGill [BoG] is largely inaccessible to the student body and in our dealings with the administration we have never really had the formal chance to talk to members of the [BoG],” Lenetsky said. “So we began using the open sessions of the [BoG] meetings to interact with those members [....What] was new was the fact that [the BoG] decided to adjourn the meeting once we started speaking. Normally what happens is we’ll speak and they’ll listen and then they’ll just continue their meeting.”

The interruption was intended to bring events from the recent open forums on sustainability to the board’s attention.

“We were talking about the open forums on sustainability that occurred for the past couple of weeks [...],” Lenetsky said. “Throughout most of the summer, members of Divest McGill [...] have been reaching out to the [BoG] in an effort to get them to attend. Only two members of the [BoG...] attended one of the sessions, so we thought it was important for members of the [BoG] to hear from the McGill community in person and hear what happened at these forum that they missed.”

According to Ger, the meeting continued after the adjournment in another location within the James Administration Building. At the continued session, the BoG discussed the disruption.

“The reconvened meeting went on to talk about the rest of the items on the public agenda [...] but the large portion of the conversation was more so around the event that had just happened,” Ger said. “A lot of the [...] governors were talking about how it was an escalation from last year that was noticed, and how we can maybe go about fixing those problems in the future to make sure there wasn’t that level of interruption.”

Ger stated that changes can be made to the BoG structure that will allow for students to voice their concerns in a way that is constructive and nonobtrusive.

“I [suggested] that instead of looking into a way that we could stop people [interrupting...] what could work better is if we could have a question and answer period so people could come in at the end of an agenda [to] ask questions [...],” Ger said. “[In] the end, the conclusion was that the nominating governance and ethics committee, which is a committee on the [BoG], would look into the board best practices.”

Students in Mind mental health conference held for fourth year in a row

Two day event discusses stigma and coping strategies Holly Cabrera Staff Writer On Oct. 1 and 2, the fourth annual Students in Mind (SiM) Conference took place at the Shatner Building. The student-run event aims to destigmatize mental health issues through a series of workshops and panels. Guest speakers included McGill alumni Malek Yalaoui and Evan Berry. Comedian Christophe Davidson, who has struggled with mental illness, was also a featured speaker.

According to Quinn Ashkenazy, U4 Arts and director of SiM, the forum is designed to

promote the importance of mental health on the McGill campus.

“The conference started four years ago,” Ashkenazy said. “Students in Mind started with a group of students that really had a vision to try and create a network on campus that supports mental health.”

According to Ashkenazy, students are often eager to volunteer for extracurricular activities, but tend to neglect their personal well-being.

“You could volunteer at a bunch of different organizations […] but I think something really important for students to take away is also just to take care of themselves, advocat-

Students participate in workshops at the Students in Mind conference. (Margaux Delalex / The McGill Tribune)

ing for themselves, prioritizing their mental health, and also supporting those around them–their peers, their friends. Just checking in with each other,” Ashkenazy said.

Sarah Randall, U1 Arts, believes meeting mental health specialists at the conference makes asking for help later on less daunting.

“If you do actually decide to seek help with mental health [after the conference], you’re not going into it blind,” Randall said.

“You know who you’re going to be dealing with and it makes [seeking help] feel a little bit less overwhelming” Throughout the seminars, attendees were also offered active breaks, where they could participate in activities ranging from improv to kickboxing. After attending a workshop called Mental Health 101, which addressed the stigmas surrounding mental health, and a panel titled Body and Mind: How are physical health and mental health combined, Chi Pham, U0 Arts and Science, opted for yoga during the active break period.

“The yoga break also helped promote a sense of community by bringing a group together for the exercise,” Pham said. “For me, it was a completely new experience exercising among other people, so […] it was worth trying. Before the [SiM] conference, I was skeptical about the impact that physical activity could have on mental health.”

Other workshops included improving active listening skills, creating strategies to

improve mental health, and maintaining motivation and overall well-being. Ashkenazy commented on the importance of the content presented in the SiM panels and workshops.

“There’s a workshop on peer support focused on […] recognizing signs that things might not be okay, how to check in, how to listen to someone in a really nonjudgmental and validating way,” Ashkenazy said. “Then we also have a workshop called Maintaining Wellness and it’s a very condensed version of [the] wellness recovery action plan which is a six week psycho-education course offered through McGill Mental Health [....Maintaining] Wellness is going to be focused on giving people kind of a toolbox to take care of their well-being, to recognize their triggers, early warning signs and to develop an action-plan to deal with these things and to try and prevent getting into a mode where things are breaking down or a crisis.”

Floor Fellow Kathleen Godfrey, a Master’s student in anthropology, said the speakers’ different perspectives drew her to the initiative. For Godfrey, the conference is a reminder of the resources available at McGill.

“Sometimes, in support work, you forget about the network that is at McGill,” Godfrey said. “Even though I’m a resource for firstyear students […] you forget that other people walking around on campus also really care and are trying to learn more [about mental health], and better themselves in those ways.”

5

Opinion

Wednesday, October 12, 2016

editorial Editor-in-Chief Julia Dick editor@mcgilltribune.com Creative Director Natalie Vineberg nvineberg@mcgilltribune.com Managing Editors April Barrett abarrett@mcgilltribune.com Nicholas Jasinski njasinski@mcgilltribune.com News Editors Jenna Stanwood, Sara Cullen, William Pang news@mcgilltribune.com Opinion Editors Emma Avery & David Watson opinion@mcgilltribune.com Science & Technology Editor Lydia Kaprelian scitech@mcgilltribune.com Student Living Editor Audrey Carleton studentliving@mcgilltribune.com Features Editor Albert Park features@mcgilltribune.com Arts & Entertainment Editors Selin Altuntur & Evelyn Goessling arts@mcgilltribune.com Sports Editors Zikomo Smith & Aaron Rose sports@mcgilltribune.com Design Editors Domitille Biehlmann & Daniel Freed design@mcgilltribune.com Photo Editor L-A Benoit photo@mcgilltribune.com Multimedia Editor Noah Sutton multimedia@mcgilltribune.com Web Developers Clare Lyle webdev@mcgilltribune.com Daniel Lutes online@mcgilltribune.com Copy Editor Areni Nicoghosian copy@mcgilltribune.com Business Manager Mingye Chen business@mcgilltribune.com Advertising Executives Richard Blaser, Alexander Beaumont, Zain Hussain ads@mcgilltribune.com

Lighting the way to a safer campus at McGill McGill states in its Charter of Students’ Rights that it is obligated “to ensure that adequate measures are taken to protect security of students on University property.” Montreal may be ranked the fourteenth safest city in the world, but it is not immune to assaults, thefts, or violence. Three other academic institutions in the city— Montreal Polytechnique, Concordia University, and Dawson College— have all experienced mass shootings.

It seems that McGill has acknowledged this possibility, too, with the recent release of its active shooter training video. Of equal importance is the very real possibility of night time assaults against students walking alone on campus, as demonstrated by recurring assaults at other Canadian universities, such as The University of British Columbia. Admittedly, small scale thefts or assaults on individual students are very different beasts from large scale emergencies like mass shootings; however, when it comes to student safety, McGill must be prepared on all fronts. If we sit and wait for an incident to occur, the consequences will be unacceptable.

The various safety measures in place at McGill are not sufficient. The University is not proactive enough in educating its members on the safety features currently in place, and in taking action to prevent and reduce the likelihood of future incidents happening on campus. Physical safety features, especially for students walking through campus alone at night, need

Commentary

Publisher Chad Ronalds

TPS Board of Directors

Mingye Chen, Julia Dick, Audrey Carleton, Shrinkhala Dawadi, Arman Bery, Clare Fogarty, Arden Li

Staff Writers

Christopher Li, Margaux Delalex, Morgan Davis, Julia Metraux, Arman Bery, Nicole Spadotto, Joe Khammar, Alexandra Harvey, Lauren Benson-Armer, Eric NobleMarks, Ariella Garmaise, Jacqueline Houston, Calvin Trottier-Chi, Cherry Ng, Holly Cabrera, Ava Zwolinski, Andy Wang, Izze Siemann, Justine Touchon, Ceci Steyn, Alissa Zilber, Cordelia Cho, Madeline Kinney,

Contributors

Astha Agarwal, Cameron Cash, Cheyenne Cranston, Dang Weiyu, Elias Blahaceck, Evan Thomas, Flaminia Cooper, Gabriel Rincon, Jeannie Richardson, Patrick Beacham, Wasif Husain

Tribune Office

Shatner University Centre Suite 110, 3480 McTavish Montreal, QC H3A 0E7 T: 514.398.6789 The McGill Tribune is an editorially autonomous newspaper published by the Société de Publication de la Tribune, a student society of McGill University. The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of The McGill Tribune and the Société de Publication de la Tribune, and does not necessarily represent the views of McGill University.

Letters to the editor may be sent to editor@mcgilltribune.com and must include the contributor’s name, program and year and contact information. Letters should be kept under 300 words and submitted only to the Tribune. Submissions judged by the Tribune Publication Society to be libellous, sexist, racist, homophobic or solely promotional in nature will not be published. The Tribune reserves the right to edit all contributions. Editorials are decided upon and written by the editorial board. All other opinions are strictly those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the McGill Tribune, its editors or its staff. Please recycle this newspaper.

Gabriel Rincon Contributor McGill’s binge-drinking culture has often, correctly, been cast in a negative light. It’s unhealthy, it hinders discretion, and events like Power Hour aren’t exactly resumé friendly. However, there may be a way to harness McGill’s drinking prowess for good. When it comes to the campus bar, Gerts, students may be able to fund their student clubs by drinking their way out of the McGill student union’s financial woes.

Anecdotally, when Gerts comes up in conversation, student sentiment tends to be ‘meh.’ Gerts just doesn’t inspire the same McGill pride that other venues, like Open

to be made more accessible and visible. Protecting students on University property necessarily involves increasing these features not only on campus, but surrounding student residences as well.

To foster a physically safe campus, the University must proactively provide the resources and tools for students to stay as safe as possible.

Current measures include studentled initiatives such as Walksafe and Drivesafe. These are important services, but rely on volunteers and are often overburdened. On the administration’s side, the Campus Public Safety Department mission statement explains that it “works with the community to promote a safe and secure environment for students, faculty, staff, and visitors through education, prevention, and response.” There are campus emergency phones and payphones at various locations on campus; however, these are not accessible or visible enough from all buildings, nor are they promoted enough to all members of the McGill community.

Many parts of campus, such as in front of Leacock, do not have sufficient lighting. It is promising that the McGill App has information on campus public safety resources, and that there is a mass emergency notification system that students can opt into on Minerva; however, both of these are ineffective unless students seek out these resources out for themselves— something many have likely not bothered to do.

There is precedent at other universities across Canada for greater incident-prevention strategies. Several universities in British Columbia have introduced safety apps through a technology called App Armor, which takes advantage of the GPS function on smartphones: There is a “friend walk” feature, in which a friend can watch a user’s trip to their destination. If a user calls 911 from the app, his or her location will immediately be sent to the university’s security department as well. These features are helpful; however, even if McGill were to develop these features or introduce an app devoted specifically to student safety, mobile apps are not enough because they are not accessible to those who don’t have smartphones or cellular data. Consequently, it is of paramount importance that McGill puts more effort into safety education beyond the app, and improves and increases the visibility of physical safety features on campus.

Although McGill has a map of night routes—which marks the location of all emergency campus phones and payphones—the map states that these have only been selected “because they are more travelled, open and better lit than others.” McGill must ensure that all parts of campus are sufficiently lit at night, and that emergency campus phones are available more widely across campus and near residences. For example, the path to McGill’s upper residences is very poorly lit and remote. Improving the

physical visibility and presence of features such as lighting and emergency phones could also deter potential assailants.

In terms of education, a safety website alone is an insufficient resource. Students who don’t participate in residence or orientation events like Frosh may not be aware of all the resources that exist. Even those who do should receive a mandatory, more comprehensive education seminar or information session about the security resources and safety measures available to them. McGill’s Safety Week is a positive initiative, but it does not reach all members of the McGill community. Another possible, proactive solution would be for McGill to have a mandatory safety tutorial, just as it has for academic integrity.

While increased security presence on campus and en route to residences may not be a feasible shortterm goal given McGill’s budgetary constraints, increasing education and the physical presence and visibility of lights and emergency campus phones is of the utmost importance.

Improving safety measures and awareness on campus is not coddling students or hindering independence: It is simply providing the tools and resources for students to feel safer in the unfortunate event that an assault occurs. McGill must prioritize the safety of its members. A proactive approach to campus safety necessarily involves educational and physical preventative measures that reach all students.

Saving Gerts: McGill’s drinking prowess can be harnessed for good Air Pub (OAP), manage to foster.

While OAP has been called the “Best Place on Earth,” Gerts is still seen as underwhelming. The reputed function of drinking among McGill students is to bring the McGill community together, but students just don’t seem to want to party at Gerts; the bar’s patronage has declined over the past two years.

However, what students might not realize is that, by drinking at Gerts, they’re effectively contributing financially to their own student-run activities.

All McGill undergraduate students pay membership fees to the Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU). In turn, SSMU funds many popular events, clubs, and services for students ranging from Activities Night to the Quidditch Club. In addition to these membership fees, Gerts is a significant source of revenue for SSMU and Gerts’ profits contribute to funding these initiatives. The 2016-2017 Operating Budget projects Gerts to make about $51,000 in profit, which goes towards funding SSMU’s club operating costs. Essentially, if students choose to drink at Gerts over

the many other bars in Montreal, their beer money is paying for both beer and SSMU operations. And given SSMU’s financial situation, it desperately needs Gerts to increase its profits.

Due to a $130,000 budget deficit last year, SSMU has had to make

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Gerts can channel McGill students’ drinking habits and make them an instrument for good.

”

budget cuts this year to reach a compensatory $100,000 budget surplus.

The budget cuts are in part due to the rejection of the Winter 2016 Special Referendum to raise the SSMU base fee by $5.50. Corporate sponsorship initiatives to address SSMU’s funding issues, like the Tangerine tent at Activities Night,

were also criticized. So, if students rejected paying $5.50 more for SSMU’s operations and services, but are fine paying $15 for a pitcher of beer, the obvious solution is to drink more at Gerts.

At Gerts, pitchers of beer and sangria are $15 and $17 respectively. In these terms, the SSMU $100,000 budget cut is equivalent to approximately 6,700 pitchers of beer or 5,900 pitchers of sangria. To put these numbers into context, in a single day, OAP sold 20,000 beers.

Although Gerts has operating costs, considering that there 23,140 fulltime undergraduate students were enrolled in Fall 2015, surely, these are rookie numbers for McGill.

Gerts can channel McGill students’ drinking habits and make them an instrument for good. All that has to be done is to give Gerts a chance. Its first event of the year— B-Week—was already a success, so McGill students should have no issue turning out to more events at Gerts. After all, there’s only one place in Montreal where students can fund their student society while demonstrating the famed McGill drinking prowess.

6

OPINION off the board

Areni Nicoghosian Copy Editor I thought I had it all figured out coming into university.

Despite life constantly changing, I thought my career choices wouldn’t.

However, two years into my bachelor’s degree, I realized that my career plans weren’t exactly what I wanted or could achieve.

I originally had two paths: Becoming a published author or an editor. Soon enough, both went up in smoke. I started and restarted stories I wasn’t proud of, with countless remaining unfinished.

Searching for internships in editing made me realize how few opportunities are available in the industry, specifically in Montreal, and the job descriptions didn’t quite fit with what I wanted to do for the rest of my life.

Commentary

Evan Thomas Contributor The Second Presidential Debate on Oct. 9 came and passed, delivering the onslaught of ridiculousness that the world was expecting.

Unexpected, though, was the individual who truly stole the show—Illinois voter Kenneth Bone. Within seconds of addressing the candidates with his question, Bone’s face and iconic red sweater had been seen across the Twitterverse.

While not everyone may have watched the debate—let alone questioned what went wrong to bring us to this deplorable state of American Presidential politics—many have seen the ensuing memes of Ken Bone.

Memes are quickly becoming one of the foremost means of cultural dissemina-

Putting career anxiety to rest Being a shy person, I always tend to figure things out by myself instead of asking for help.

Therefore, I was reluctant to go see an advisor, even though, second opinions can often be the best solution.

At McGill, career advisors are readily available through the Career Planning Service (CaPS).

Booking an appointment with a career advisor is simple and students should make use of the services available to them at school.

McGill’s impersonal nature can often make students forget that there are many services to assist them. Coming into university, students might easily feel like they are all alone, left to themselves to figure things out in an environment where everyone seems to have their life planned out.

However, this isn’t the case— most people I have encountered don’t know what they want to do, or, if they did, have realized the lack of job opportunities in their field, and ended up changing their minds. From my own experience, going to see a career advisor earlier would have saved me the anxieties I faced for months. Students should use the career-planning resources accessible at McGill in order to figure out what they want

for their future while minimizing stress.

In CEGEP, I majored in a program I had no interest in sim-

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A professional opinion can be beneficial because it’s unbiased, meaning that the advice isn’t meant to lead one down a certain preferred path.

”

ply because my father encouraged me to pursue it. Family members can suggest career paths that they view as the most advantageous for your financial well-being—which is understandable—without tak-

Wednesday, October 12, 2016 ing into consideration where one’s interests lie.

Although the pressure from my father to find internships and other alternative career paths was well-intentioned, the constant and inescapable lectures led to career anxiety. I understood his concerns about my future, but being pressured to think and plan about multiple things while I was confused only created more uncertainty and fear of the future. As a person who likes to be in control, not knowing what I wanted was difficult to handle mentally.

Once I was able to gather my thoughts, do some research, and experience different work options during the summer, I finally decided to make an appointment with CaPS. The reason for this was to get a second—and most importantly, professional—opinion. A professional opinion can be beneficial because it’s unbiased, meaning that the advice isn’t meant to lead one down a certain preferred path.

To avoid confusion and anxiety, students should go see a career advisor to help structure career ideas or interests as early as possible. The moment students start doubting their career choices, they should go seek one out. It

is best if students see a career advisor even before having secondthoughts.

Furthermore, students should do some research in possible fields they may like; however, if they don’t know where to start, CaPS has a list of possible careers in accordance to your major.

Along with doing research, it is very important to see a career advisor. They are helpful and they have insight that students do not yet have.

Career advising helped consolidate what I wanted to do. Getting the opinion of a professional helped reduce career-related stress and my anxiety attacks essentially stopped. It helped consolidate the research and self-reflecting I did during the summer months. It gave me reassurance that the steps I wanted to take to achieve my new career path were the proper measures to take. The guidance I received from CaPS built upon the interests and plans I had stated during advising.

Everyone’s case is different, but if one has some ideas, career advisors will be helpful in giving new ones and solidifying whatever thoughts or plans have already been formed.

fect on wider society.

Just like the moon and the Force, memes have a dark side. They are accessible and can be created by anyone, making them effective in pro-

American Anti-Defamation League for his use in antisemitic and white supremacist memes. Pepe originally represented nihilism and existential angst; however, his message was altered by white supremacists on the internet, portraying the frog gleefully engaging in racist activities.

Pepe stands as proof that an otherwise unsuspecting meme can diffuse a substantive, sinister message, with great ability to influence its viewers.

Memes significantly affect our worldview, and perception of society; however, we shouldn’t allow the likes of Ken Bone, Harambe, and Pepe to shelter us from serious social and political issues. For better or for worse, memes are probably not going anywhere. In light of this, it’s important to realize the influence that memes have in the world outside of Instagram.

They take the unpleasant aspects of life and make them comfortable, yet sometimes it’s only by facing these ugly truths that we can progress as a society. For all the effect that they have on us, at the end of the day, memes must be taken with a grain of salt.

From dank to dark: The power of memes tion. They allow individuals to share complicated and enigmatic human emotions through a couple lines of text overlaid over a relatable gif or screen capture. They allow us to strike a deep connection with each other whilst sitting alone, staring at our Instagram feeds. Memes have the exceptional ability to deconstruct important events, ideas, and emotions into easily absorbable, bite-size pieces. Yet this repackaging of events short-circuits their meanings, removing the element of critical thought required from the consumer.

In many instances, they turn unpleasant topics—such as the current Presidential election—into light-hearted, mass-scale inside jokes. However, this reappropriation and reinterpretation of culture reveals the menacing power of memes. Just as memes are a product of society, they have a remarkable influence in shaping it. Memes—once harmless and inconsequential—have evolved to possess significant value in informing people of the news. Social media is no longer just a vain means of attaining peer acceptance and

self-validation—it controls the media that we consume and interpret. As such, memes have significant cultural influence.

Those skeptical of the relevance of memes in our offline lives need look no further than McGill itself. Just last week, internet trolls managed to mobilize thousands of Facebook users over a silverback gorilla that was shot in Ohio last May. Harambe took the campus by storm, with some opposing the supposed racism of the meme and taking issue with the fact that the McGill Harambe Candlelit Vigil event on Facebook had more people going than events such as the March for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women.

Sometimes what matters is not the content of a meme, but how people interpret and react to it.

It seems Harambe’s fifteen minutes of posthumous fame will finally elapse, and McGill will soon be ready to move on, with the closing of his Vigil this Friday. But, Harambe teaches us an important lesson: Memes may be ephemeral, trend-based entities, but they can have a significant ef-

“

Just as memes are a product of society, they have a remarkable influence in shaping it.

”

moting agendas. Memes have the ability to perpetuate not only falsities, but ignorance and hatred. For example, Pepe the Frog, a common meme of a lovably self-deprecating amphibian, was recently declared a hate symbol by the

Student Living

Wednesday, October 12, 2016

7

Bartender Kevin Demers takes mixology up a level at the Cold Room Hidden Old Port bar offers high concept cocktails in a relaxed environment

April Barrett Managing Editor Down a twisting back alley on the corner of St-Amable and St-Vincent in the Old Port, there is an unmarked door.

Above it hangs a blue ‘Sortie’ sign, and, next to it, a little doorbell. This is the entrance to the Cold Room bar, opened Sept. 24. Owner Kevin Demers calls the unmarked bar, “a full fledged speakeasy. You come in by the back, you leave by the front.”

Demers has tried his hand at many trades, including professional hockey and film production, but he is first and foremost a veteran of the Montreal nightlife scene. Having worked for 12 years as a bartender at staple Montreal bars like Thursday’s, Rouge, Santos, and, most recently, Flyjin, Demers cultivated a deep respect for the art of mixology.

The inspiration behind the Cold Room’s drinks came from 19th century immigrants to Montreal, who pickled fruits and vegetables, and stored them in a basement ‘cold room.’

“Back in the 1800s, a lot of bars, before prohibition, were using shrubs, which is vinegar-based syrups, in their drinks,” Demers said. “Those syrups came from the European immigrants who wanted to preserve their fruits and vegetables longer. The vinegar takes out the flavours from the fruit being infused. You can create a super delicious, tart drink, sweetened by the alcohol.”

With its unmarked door and high concept cocktails, Cold Room is a respite from the Montreal party scene. (Noah Sutton / The McGill Tribune) Demers’ drinks are high “[The Classic Gentleman] tasted wanted Cold Room to be a departure concept’cocktails, meaning that they like you were having a steak dinner from this trend. evoke certain sensory memories.

“I’m tired of [the supper club with red wine. You had all the flavours “You’re coming for the cocktail pop in your mouth, in weird levels,” scene], not that I don’t like it. But I experience [at the Cold Room],” De- Demers explained. “The drink was want to work at a place that [...] when mers said. “You taste the drink and based off the only dinner I had with my you walk in [the Cold Room], you get you’re like, ‘Oh my god that reminds grandfather. [....] As a kid I just looked this next level drink, and it’s like [going of my childhood, or this dinner I once at him like, ‘Who is this rockstar?’” out for] dinner,” Demers said. “You’re had.’ It’s [a cocktail] that brings you to Though removed from the cock- going to want to spend your night here, another world.” tail scene, many see Montreal as a it’s relaxed, you can actually talk to evDemers believes that imagina- party city. The restaurant-turned-club, erybody.” tion is one of the most important skills known as a ‘supper club, is a hallmark While Demers commends Mona bartender can possess. In 2015, De- of the city’s nightlife. Spots like SuWu treal’s popular clubs for the success mers competed in GQ Magazine’s and Flyjin exemplify the supper club they’ve had with their model, he wants Most Inspired Bartender Competition model. These venues are restaurants to offer a secret respite from the known in Las Vegas, where he crafted a drink until 10 or 11 p.m., when the tables are Montreal party scene.

Upon approaching the door of inspired by his grandfather titled, ‘The pushed to the side, the club music turns on, and the crowd gets rowdy. Demers the Cold Room, the potential customer Classic Gentleman.’

rings the doorbell, and is either let in, or not. The Cold Room’s entry-screening, combined with the secret address, conveys a certain air of exclusivity. As a brand new bar, Demers has struggled with marketing the unique concept.

“It’s tough, us being hidden [....]

How do you get people in here? How exclusive can you be? Montreal is just not that big,” Demers said. “If you start saying ‘you can’t come in,’ are you still going to have clients coming in?”

Co-owner Daniel Boulianne explained that the Cold Room’s concealment will hopefully grow a customer base that complements the intention of the bar as a relaxed, sit-down enivronment.

“It’s really about knowing what people want, what they’re searching for [from their night],” Boulianne said. “Are they trying to get shitfaced?

It’s all about looking at people at the door and trying to know what they are searching for.”

As for their intended demographic, Demers and Boulianne are still feeling it out.

The one thing they are certain of is that the Cold Room caters to those who can appreciate the experience of a good cocktail. Boulianne stressed the importance of this experience, as one of the only cocktail bars in Montreal run entirely by bartenders.

“It is really about the craft,” Boulianne said. “It’s not about making money.”

Ask Ainsley: How do I have an orgasm?

Comfort, communication, and technique involved in climaxing Dear Ainsley, I’m a cisgender, straight female and a first-year student at McGill. So far, I’m loving Rez, school, and all the friends I’m meeting, but there’s something that’s been bothering me. In high school, I briefly had a boyfriend, with whom I had sex. Since then, I’ve had a few one-night stands. My friends back home and I never really talked about sex, but my friends at McGill are much more open about it and are constantly talking about having orgasms. I’ve never had one myself, and I feel like something is wrong with me.

It’s not that I don’t enjoy sex, because I do, but I never have felt that big moment that everyone talks about. Is it because I’m doing it wrong? Is it because the guys I’ve slept with haven’t been good at it? What can I do to help myself have an orgasm during sex?

Sincerely, No ‘Oh’ (NO)

Dear NO,

which can be daunting in both short and long-term relationships. This comes with time and comfort as y o u and your partner grow closer.

Contrary to popular belief, the majority of people with vaginas can’t actually reach orgasm solely through vaginal penetration. In fact, only 25-33 per cent of all cisgender women can.

It’s hard not to feel inadequate when both pornography and the media portray orgasms as not only common, but the ultimate goal of intercourse.

Being unable to have an orgasm from sex is completely normal, and you shouldn’t feel badly about it. According to the famous sexologists William Masters and Virginia Johnson, clitoral orgasms are actually more intense than vaginal ones. But, if you’re not happy with your sex life, there are plenty of things you can do to try to change it.

First, if you don’t already, you Reaching orgasm during sex can take patience, focus, and healthy could try masturbating. It’s hard for communication. (Alissa Zilber / The McGill Tribune) someone else to give you what you want if you don’t know what you like. You may also want to invest in some sex toys. Using a While it is vibrator may help you orgasm more easily.

While knowing your body well is important, often easier said than done, it is also key to remain it’s also important to feel comfortable and assert relaxed during intercourse. It is common to feel selfyourself with your sexual partners. It’s important conscious during sex, especially if you’re concerned to communicate your sexual desires to your partner, about sounds, smells, and movements. If you are able

to ignore some of these inhibitions, it will become easier to remain present and focused on pleasure during sex.

While there is no set-in-stone guide to having an orgasm during sex, there are some common techniques that are worth keeping in mind. Repetitive stimulation of the clitoris during sex—either orally or manually—can be key to achieving an orgasm because clitoral orgasms are far more common than vaginal ones. For example, many women find that the angle achieved from being on top of their partner stimulates the clitoris moreso than other positions. Additionally, the human body contains far more pleasure centres than the vagina and clitoris; stimulating the nipples, ears, neck, or thighs often leads to greater arousal in the stages leading up to orgasm. For this reason, foreplay can be key to climaxing.

The best thing you can do is to spend time getting to know yourself and what turns you on. Try not to stress about climaxing, and instead focus your time and energy on learning about your body, staying calm and focused during sex, and communicating your sexual desires with your partner.

Best of luck!

Ainsley

Have a question for Ainsley? Submit a question anonymously at mcgilltribune.com/ask-ainsley.

C h i n a t o w n

THE LORE OF REPRESENTATION Dang Weiyu Contributor At first glance, Chinatown seems an innocuous space to experience and explore Chinese culture. Rather, I see Chinatown as spaces cultivated by the external discourse in which Chinatown only figures as an object. Chinatown has never projected or promoted a Chineseness that reflects me as a person from Northern China. In Chinese history, a central binary is the northerner-southerner divide, a cultural rift that has fueled various historical dreams of reunification from Han dynasty to the founding of People’s Republic of China.

Chinatowns were initiated solely by immigrants from the Pearl River Delta in the southern Guangdong province in the early 19th century. Until the mid20th century, southerners comprised the overwhelming majority of Chinese emigrants—only recently have northern Chinese emigrated in any substantial number.

For me, Chinatown, as a distinctly Cantonese space, has always embodied the myth of a unified Chinese culture. If Chinatown refers to Chinese people, I read ‘Chinese’ as a hollow term, perhaps better relegated as an indication of othering for both Chinese people and Westerners, than as a word signifying a mix of nuanced regional identities.

On Chinese Culture and Food

Chinese food offers a model to observe the slippage between Chinatown and Chinese people. As Chinese nationalism only started around the 1890s with thinkers led by Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei, a food culture that predates national identity is a strange disjuncture. The Chinese term for Chinese food originated from immigrants to distinguish their cooking from Western cuisine. The blanket term ‘Chinese food’ would only arrive in the Chinese vernacular at a much later date than it did in North America.

Just as there isn’t a unifying Chinese culture, there isn’t a unifying Chinese cuisine. The connotative base of Chinese food in North America is exclusion and difference. In China, food is more productively defined by regional cuisines. In North America, Cantonese is the most well-known and widespread due to origins of the first wave of immigration. These immigrants however first served chop suey, an enduring icon in the Western world, but a dish that Chinese people vehemently deny as being Chinese.

Only since the mid-20th century have there been more representative Chinese cuisines, but this sudden surge seems to overwhelm Western food critics. In a poem in The New Yorker called “Have they run out of provinces yet?,” Calvin Trillin expressed his feeling of bewilderment that China—the most populous and third-largest country in the world—has multiple regions with distinct cuisines. As Chinese food has largely come to signify Chinese people, Chinatown—prominently known as a gallery of Chinese food—becomes a reductive symbol of Chineseness.

Further inquiry of Chinatown offers insight into its failure to be a representative Chinese space.

Cheng Qian, owner of the restaurant 西安小吃 (Xi’an Xiao Chi) on the intersection of St-Laurent and Rue de La Gauchetière, spoke about how the regional divide in Chinese cuisine makes it difficult for him to fit into Chinatown.

“I didn’t feel at home eating the food in Chinatown because it is almost exclusively Cantonese-made and cooked for Westerners,” he said. “There was a time when if you didn’t speak Cantonese, [restaurant workers] wouldn’t even treat you like a Chinese person. There wasn’t a place for me in [Chinatown]. As a northerner, there were no options, which is understandable as our food might not suit white people.”

Assistant Professor Jeremy Tai, of McGill’s Department of History with a specialization in modern China, remarked on intra-Chinese divisions.

“These regional splinters have been built into Chinese people for centuries,” he said. “Kinship and native allegiances strengthen community bonds, but here in North America, it also manifests as exclusionary tensions among regions.”

For Chinese immigrant communities, regional identities become important ways of preserving a link to home.

“When [Chinese people] immigrate, [they] expect other Chinese people to put aside these backgrounds and histories just because we’re all from this nation-state of China, but it’s not fair to ask people to just let go of their identities,” Tai said.

“Community is too strong a value to be ceded and realigned, even in the advent of immigration and othering. The bonds are just too strong to dissolve on call.”

Discourses on Montreal’s Chinatown

In Montreal, Chinatown appears as an orientalist dream, away from the city’s diptych of constant construction and #mtlmoments. From the various Chinese restaurants, to the drum-seat chess tables in Place Sun Yat-Sen, Chinatown at the very least offers a visual diversity to the European and industrial scenery of Montreal.

One of the most iconic features of Montreal’s Chinatown are the four Paifangs (arches) that welcome visitors. In traditional Chinese architecture, a Paifang symbolizes a fortuitous entry into a benevolent time and space. Redwood represents enduring fortune, while the sturdy frame signifies strength and protection.

Since this summer, the Paifangs have been under construction, with little signs of progress. The City awarded the construction contract to St-Denis-Thompson who won with the cheapest bid. Earlier this year, the Chinatown stretch of St-Laurent was torn up. Almost a year has passed since Chinatown last appeared unshackled of grid-fences or fluorescent pylons.

According to the Montreal Gazette, the Paifangs, were originally gifted in 1999 by Shanghai—its sister city—to foster goodwill. Unfortunately, the Gazette further reported, the arches’ material was of questionable quality from the start.

This inauspicious beginning proved to be a lasting burden on the commercial life of Chinatown. The construction—done to address the safety concern of the arches’ stability—has rendered the four Paifangs unidentifiable. Atop Montreal’s north and south Paifangs, a blue sign sits, emblazoned with the text, “唐人街” (Chinatown).

Today, a St-Denis-Thompson sign sits in its place on top of the scaffolded Paifang.

Cheng explained the effects of construction and how it has affected his experience as a restaurateur in Montreal’s Chinatown.

“The Paifang renovations were a second kick to the stomach,” he said. “Right after they finished St-Laurent, [construction] continued to kill business. People stopped coming this summer since it was so inaccessible and ugly. Chinatown wasn’t Chinatown without those arches. There were still tourists, but it was an actual physical burden to get to the building because of the hassle of crossing the street.

Once a worker erected a no-entry sign right in front of our door and our waitress had to go out and argue to get the sign moved. Business dropped 70 per cent since construction began. I had to raise prices and shorten the menu.”

While construction commercially stunts Chinatown, the nearby publicly owned and funded Palais des Congrès celebrates the space as a “Symbol of Montréal diversity.” On its website, tourists are encouraged to visit Chinatown.

“Any trip to Chinatown isn’t complete without […] a taste of Montréal’s cul-

唐 人 街

tural diversity by perusing the area’s various food markets and shops where you can pick up some Asian flavour!”

The term “Asian” anonymizes Chinatown’s identity into an amorphous word, almost like a flavour that is easily tasted.

The Palais’ website also describes Chinatown’s history.

“Montréal’s Chinatown is one of the oldest Asian districts in North America, emerging in the second half of the 19th century. Famous for its lively atmosphere and amalgamation of Eastern cultures [...].”

By choosing not the use the word Chinese to discuss Chinatown, the Palais melts all “Eastern cultures” to a “lively atmosphere and amalgamation,” an ambiguous bazaar conveniently containing the world’s non-white members. Commodified and condensed into a exotic repository of “Asian flavour” and “Eastern cultures,” Chinatown is reduced into disembodied pieces of food, conspicuously silencing the people.

Ironically, the Palais occupies former Chinatown land, ceded as part of a rezoning project announced in 1975 and enacted in 1983. According Simon Fraser University’s Centre for International Communication, this project resulted in the demolition of neighborhood staples such as Chinese Presbyterian Church, Chinese Pentecostal Church, the Wong Wing Food Products factory, and several Chinese grocery stores.

Pre-1983 Chinatown extended towards Rue JeanneMance. Today, it’s half the size it was then, but with a renovated Rue de la Gauchetière. These discourses subjecting Chinatown do not even indulge the fantasy of a representative space for Chinese people. Perversely honest, it proudly uses oriental codes to fashion Chinatown as a buffet table.

rise of various non-Chinese businesses. Some of the most popular attractions, according to the online food guide Eater Montreal, are non-Chinese. By the Northern Paifang, pricy tiki-nightclub Le Mal Nécessaire has been ranked one of Montreal’s top bars. A couple doors down, Le Capital Tacos occupies a building named Hunan Restaurant. The headline for Eater’s review of Le Capital Tacos boasts that, “Montrealers Can Finally Eat Tacos in Chinatown.” With the same ownership as Le Capital, the recently opened Bonita Café sits beside the Southern Paifang, offering third-wave Cuban coffee.

The rise of fusion food further hinders representative Chinese food from developing. As eminent Montreal food critic Lesley Chesterman proclaims about Orange Rouge, an Asian fusion restaurant, “[...] Despite its Chinatown location, Orange Rouge is far from your typical Chinese restaurant. Frankly, it’s a lot more fun!”

Chinatown’s declining representative value comes from both the Chinese moving their lives and business away and new non-Chinese businesses. Chinese people no longer fully signify the received concept of Chinatown.

Simon Thomas, member of McGill’s 2015 graduating class now completing a Master’s in Drug Discovery and Development at the University of Aberdeen, explained his relationship to Chinatown.

“As a white person, I feel comfortable everywhere, but I can see a clear divide in Chinatown,” he wrote. “There’s places like that duck-neck shop in a professional building that give you gloves and a cup for bones. Authentic. Then there’s Le Mal Nécessaire getting people excited about Chinatown, but clearly, [it’s] not just for Chinese people.”

Siu’s perspective on representative Chinese food further complicates the bond between Chinatown, Chinese people, and their food.

“I feel very strange speaking of this. I don’t know how to make sense of this confusing relationship,” Siu said. “I feel too Canadian to take claim over Chinese food. Yet, I also feel too Chinese to distance myself from it as it’s one of the only things I’ve ever known.”

By the Chinese, and by the city, Chinatown has been expropriated as a saccharine landmark—whether positive or negative hinges on the frame of reference. I see the encroaching death of Chinatown as a symbol of Chinese culture, but I don’t know if I’m relieved to disengage, or disappointed to sunder from a misrecognized refuge in a place where I am and will be an alien.

Responses to Chinatown

The orientalist representation of Chinatown does not necessarily stand alone in devaluing Chinatown. Attuned to the disjuncture between Chinese culture and Chinatown, Chinese people increasingly question whether Chinatowns can represent them.

With a father who owns a tourist-oriented Chinese buffet in Fredericton, Rachel Siu, U2 Management, grew up mired in the stigma of unrepresentative Chinese food.

“I’ve always been ashamed of the connotations projected on us,” she said. “I hated being associated with it all. Kids mocked me by asking [me] for some free spring rolls or wonton soup. Some people feel that eating Chinese food is a noble cultural service, some see it as cheap and disgusting. Most Chinese see it as westernized. I can’t split these charges from Chinatown, and so, for me, it’s tainted.”

Yu Mansen, a U2 honours immunology student from Anhui province, feels a paradoxical relationship to Chinatown.

“I feel like a tourist in a place with the name of my heritage,” he noted. “I feel an uncanny disconnect from people who are supposed to be like me. Yet it’s the only place I can find some semblance of Chinese food.”

The search for a representative Chinese food and identity becomes fraught with inconsistencies on a personal level.

How can a cuisine so predicated on homestyle comfort be made to represent a group of people? How can Chinatown even signify a Chinese identity?

In relation to these questions, Cheng recalled a story about the emotive capacity of nostalgic food, ‘家乡饭.’

“I remember in our first years in Canada, I’d cook for my son and his friends and some teared up from the nostalgic flavours. They would always return, jokingly asking when I would start a restaurant [....] I opened [Xi’an Xiao Chi] to try to diversify a staid Montreal Chinese food scene. Neither Shaanxi nor specifically Xi’an cuisine are part of the eight great Chinese cuisines, or the second tier, but no one makes better street food, ‘xiao chi.’ I’m not going to boast of a grand coalescence of East and West, or transcendent knowledge of Xi’an food. I’d much rather focus on one small thing and do it well. That’s why I called it Xi’an Xiao Chi.” Paradoxically, the importance of restaurants such as Xi’an Xiao Chi lies in their attempt to honour the myth of a representative Chinatown. In his piece “Wokking the Suburbs” for Lucky Peach, Hua Hsu argues that Chinatown is a mirage of representation as many Chinese enclaves have moved out to the suburbs.

“The urban Chinatown—with its tourists and souvenir lipstick holders and monochromatic chow mein—was no more familiar to my parents than the lazy sprawl of California’s suburbs [that] afforded them more space to think about things—was this ‘home’ now?”

For Chinese people, Chinatown acts—maybe myopical-

“ (Christopher Li / The McGill Tribune) ly—as a symbol on which to project their longing for a home still distant but ever so prominent. What seems to guide this myopia is an epidemic of nostalgia and cult of authenticity. The lingering worship of a romanticized Chinatown is in its simplicity as a symbol, no matter how this symbolism came to be.

Still, inciting nostalgia may not translate to profit in an area constructed by orientalism.

“In Chinatown, I get about 80 per cent Chinese,” Cheng added. “But, business isn’t that good because most new customers, tourists, [are in] search of Szechuan or Cantonese, and probably haven’t heard of Xi’an food. I can’t compete with General Tso and Chop Suey.”

Many non-Cantonese Chinese have been steadily moving out of Chinatown since the 1980s to places ranging from Brossard to Concordia to Notre-Dame-des-Grâce. A sort of diaspora within the larger Chinese diaspora, these miniature migrations created new Chinatowns, refuting notions of downtown Chinatown as a Chinese hub in the Montreal area.

However, displacement is only one factor which plays a part in detaching Chinatown from the Chinese. Another is the

The search for a representative Chinese food and identity becomes fraught with inconsistencies on a personal level.

How can a cuisine so predicated on homestyle comfort be made to represent a group of people?

”

Student Living

10

Every year, the Montreal Bontanical Gardens light up with lanterns and illuminated figures. (Flaminia Cooper / The McGill Tribune)

The Gardens of Light: Montreal’s Lantern Festival A walk through the annual light festival at Montreal’s Botanical Gardens Flaminia Cooper Contributor One of the best places in Montreal to be at dusk this month is the Botanical Gardens. Every evening as it gets dark, the gardens light up with hundreds of lanterns and colours, marking another year of the Gardens of Light Lantern Festival.

Upon first step in the Gardens, apart from a few posters, there is little to indicate that there is a special exhibit. However, when walking along the footpaths deeper into the Botanical Gardens, the viewer begins to catch glimpses of light through the trees, until rounding a corner and appearing suddenly in the middle of the spectacular structures glowing from the inside out. The lanterns are unexpectedly beautiful and intricate.

These lanterns are in the Chinese Garden, one of the two exhibits of the festival. Originally used to celebrate the Chinese New Year, the Botanical Gardens in Montreal uses the lanterns to celebrate the harvest period, or Moon Festival. This year’s theme depicts the life of the ‘Son of Heaven,’ the title given to each Chinese Emperor during the Han dynasty. The lights portray images from the life of an Emperor—such as his wedding or enthronement— although one doesn’t need to be familiar with this history to appreciate the magic of the multicoloured lanterns. Among the luminous lanterns are life-sized cranes, Chinese dragons, and human figures playing instruments and riding bikes. The biggest feature of the exhibit was the Forbidden City, which floats on the lake in the middle of the Gardens. It appears surreal; the intricate details, elaborate colours, and sheer size of the lanterns inspire awe in passersby, who appear almost shrunken in comparison.

Throughout the Chinese Garden are panels of information on the different lanterns, what they represent, and the process that goes into assembling

them annually. The production process of the festival requires an exorbitant amount of effort and detail. The Gardens of Light take a year to organize, and the lanterns are all handmade in Shanghai and shipped to Montreal in July. After this, the set-up in the Botanical Gardens takes almost a month to execute.

Around the bend of the lake, the Chinese Garden ends, making way for the next exhibit: The Japanese Garden. Here, the atmosphere grows calmer as the lanterns become fewer, and nature is more predominant thematically. Instead of lanterns passively illuminating their surroundings, the trees are lit up from below in subtle shades of green, pink, and blue, bringing out every detail in the branches and leaves. A series of bamboo poles emit circles of pale yellow light from within. Another feature was the Zen garden, a flat surface of gravel with flowing, continuous lines drawn across it, representing water ripples. True to its name, the minimalist patterns and simplicity of the Zen garden has a calming effect.

Throughout the Japanese Garden, hidden speakers played ambient sounds, inducing the viewers to slow down to appreciate the mood.

Though usually well-attended, the exhibit never feels crowded. When taken slowly, the gardens only take an hour and a half to walk through in its entirety. The beauty of the whole exhibit exceeds expectations, and the experience is magical from beginning to end.

The Gardens of Light are open until Oct. 31 from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. and the student entrance fee is $15 with a McGill ID card.

Wednesday, October 12, 2016

11

ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT

Wednesday, October 12, 2016

Modern made vintage: A conversation with Adam Kubota of Postmodern Jukebox

YouTube-based music collective translates tunes across decades Demaris Oxman Contributor Continued from page 1.

“We’re all students of jazz, and love all the old music art forms, so it was pretty logical to take that step,” Kubota said.

The creative process starts with Bradlee’s ability to translate any song into a swing, jazz, or ragtime style. From there, it’s a collaboration with one of the many singers who work with the group—each of whom has a unique vocal approach.

Often, Bradlee adds complexity to a simplistic pop song with more intricate harmonies.

“Sometimes the best ones are the simple ones, and they just sort of write themselves,” Kubota added.

The group’s latest release, The Essentials, is comprised of songs considered most essential to the Postmodern Jukebox universe. The collection spans a wide range of songs and styles, from a New Orleans dirge rendition of Radiohead’s “Creep,” to a Motown version of Justin Bieber’s “Sorry.” The love group’s love for their work is clear in every video, as it is in Kubota’s words when he describes the album.

“Every once in awhile, lightning

Postmodern Jukebox produces jazzy renditions of modern pop hits. (parade.com) strikes,” he says in reference to seemingly spontaneous moments of musical coherence. “The right performer, Scott’s arrangement, the right song, we capture the right vibe on the video, something really magical happens.”

The group’s work is inspired by a desire to bring the musical styles they love to a wider audience.

Kubota hopes that those who enjoy the work of Postmodern Jukebox

will dig deeper and find appreciation for the artists who inspired him, such as Duke Ellington and Miles Davis.

“It’s getting attention for older, classic art forms, such as jazz, such as doo-wop, Motown, tap dance, swing dancing,” Kubota said. “It’s a hook to get people who just happen to be on YouTube or Facebook checking out videos, to get interested in that.”

Having found his own success through YouTube, Kubota advocates

for social media as a means of artistic expression.

“Give them some sort of visual image of who you are,” he advised student musicians. “It’s important to find your own voice, and to innovate.”

Indeed, Postmodern Jukebox can be considered a great musical innovator of the millennial generation, as they have found a way to pay tribute to the music of

yesteryear while making it accessible to a younger crowd. With over two million YouTube subscribers and fans all over the world, it’s clear that their work is resonating with audiences.

“We’re building audiences for these classic art forms for the future,” Kubota said. “To me, there’s no bigger honour than bringing people to the art forms that I love and enjoy.”

T.V. Review: Atlanta Gibran Haque Contributor In an era where there is more television available to us than we could ever consume, the medium of T.V. is undergoing a change— and hopefully one for the better. FX President John Landgraf stated last year that we are living in a period of “peak TV” in the West. Given the sheer volume of new shows inundating audiences each day, it is hard to argue against that. Although this great incursion of content requires more sifting and filtering by the audience, it is breeding a new generation of viewers. New genre mashups such as the dramacomedy, found in FX’s new show Atlanta, are exemplary of how the medium of television has had to catch up to cater to a smarter generation of T.V. watchers.

Creator, writer and star Donald Glover has masterminded one of fall 2016’s freshest and most absurdly funny shows, FX’s Atlanta. Atlanta follows its protagonist Earnest “Earn” Marks (Donald Glover), a Princeton dropout-turned-manager trying to get his cousin, Paper Boi’s (Brian Tyree Henry), rap career off the ground. During first viewing, Glover’s pedantic new

show may not seem packed with jokes—there aren’t many laugh out loud moments or big punchlines.

Instead, the humour is typically off-centre and blurred in a cloud of marijuana smoke. This moody atmosphere, paired with the show’s ability to make its characters so unique yet perfectly realized, distinguishes it from most shows on T.V. Atlanta is aesthetically beautiful—full of wide shots that depict its namesake city in a unique light. It takes the setting away from the hustle and bustle of the metropolitan and toward a black suburban community. Local diners and detention centres are at the forefront, rather than tourist spectacles.

The audiovisuals of the show represent the city spectacularly, making Atlanta a living, breathing character in its own right. The soundtrack embraces the recent rise of new-Atlanta trap music, neither positing it as the city’s greatest achievement, nor playing it down as simplistic. There is no set intro theme music to the show.

Rather, each episode features music relating to the major theme of that episode. For example, in the second episode, in which the

Donald Glover, Brian Tyree Henry, and Keith Stanfield star in the FX show Atlanta. (indiewire.com) two main characters are in prison, the Tennessean rapper Yo Gotti’s “Law” plays in the background and is integrated seamlessly into the episode.

Even in a much more diverse network environment, it’s still uncommon to see a story so unequivocally centred around the African-American experience. It is evident in the shows writing that Glover understands how much of black culture has been claimed by the rest of the world—he even

pokes fun at it in episode four, when Glover chooses a black actor to play popstar Justin Bieber.

Atlanta is also not scared to delve into topics of police brutality, transphobia, mental illness, and the perils of fame, offering up tonal shifts scene-to-scene and illustrating how subtle humor can be. The show moves effortlessly between these serious, poignant topics and more absurd humour— one character ponders a world where mice could be used as cell

phones.

The rise of the drama-comedy is helping push the boundaries of television. It is no longer solely a writer’s medium, although great writing is still very much ingrained in great T.V. shows. Atlanta takes controversial subject matter and portrays it in a way where viewers aren’t scared, but rather, enthralled by what’s discussed. The message of Atlanta is not only that it is ok to talk about these issues, but that it is possible to laugh at their absurdity.

ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT

12 ALBUM REVIEW Five years ago, Bon Iver released their self-titled EP to much critical acclaim. The album had stretched the boundaries of folk music, bringing an expansive tenor to a typically stripped down genre, and becoming a modern classic in the process. Since then, Bon Iver’s career hasn’t gone as smoothly as expected: The band took a three-year hiatus and struggled with break-up rumours. Meanwhile, lead singer Justin Vernon featured on songs with Chief Keef in a slightly confusing career turn. Now, however, they are back with a new 10-song project 22, A Million, sounding as innovative and fresh as ever.

One of the first surprising elements as 22, A Million commences is Vernon’s voice. Hearing the digitally harmonized croon, “Where are you gonna look for confirmation,” about 20 seconds into the album is like having that first bite of a home-cooked meal after living on instant ramen noodles for a semester. It sounds just as it was left, almost crystallized in time from five years ago.

The Prismizer that Vernon uses was the bread and butter of the last album, but the group seems to challenge themselves to go beyond the base folk/synth style that was previously used so well. For instance, the track “715 CREEKS” is completely stripped down—it is essentially an acapella song shoved through a Prismizer. The real cherry on the top of the instrumentals are Vernon’s lyrics, which ooze with poetic melancholy in its sincerest form to create a well-rounded project.

Despite running only 10 songs long—short considering the length of other highly anticipated releases this year—22, A Million is by no means minimalist, often combining classic folk songwriting with rich layerings of electronic

Wednesday, October 12, 2016

22, A Million Bon Iver enhancement. The evolution of Bon Iver’s sound does everything but slap you in the face on the songs “22 (OVER S∞∞N)” and “10 d E A T h b R E a s t” as the industrial drums tracks, synth harmonies, and Blond-esque chipmunk vocals coalesce in these songs to create a sound that really deviates from their last self-titled album. Thankfully, this new style isn’t beaten to death. The album flows through a variety of different styles, tones, and instrumentation, while being connected through the thread of Vernon’s signature vocals and haunting lyrics. While these varied styles are subtle, they run throughout the album. The dominant use of a saxophone in the song “8 (circle)” and the melody of pure piano chords which carry “00000 Million,” exemplify this extremely interesting musical compilation, which results in a unique sonic experience on each track.

It’s not exactly the flannel jacket and craft beer in rural Wisconsin sound that Bon Iver has perfected in years past, which may be a shame to some, but 22, A Million shows real growth in the group’s style and sound. It was a risk to create a folk album with Yeezus-inspired drums, saxophones, and ridiculous voice modulations, but it appears to have paid off.

The end result is a rich listening experience, which provides a lot more depth in ten songs than many other albums this year have managed to do in twenty.

- Alfie Crooks

Contributor

(pitchfork.com) Favourite Song: “22 (OVER S∞∞N) Favourite Lyric: Hallucinating Claire Nor the snowshoe light or the autumns Threw the meaning out the door (Now could you be a friend) There ain’t no meaning anymore (Come and kiss me here again)

Two Lovers and a Bear portrays explosive love affair against icy tundra landscape

Dylan Adamson Contributor Writer-director Kim Nguyen has never been conservative in his creative choices. The Montreal-born, Concordia graduate’s recent films have taken him to shooting locations in Tunisia (La Cité) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (War Witch). Historical drama, horror, and magic realism are just a few of the genres Nguyen has dipped his toes into over the course of his diverse œvre. With his most recent film and fourth full length offering, Two Lovers and a Bear, Nguyen takes his versatile skill set as far north as possible.

The premise is somewhat familiar—two attractive, white heterosexual people fall in love while simultaneously fighting internal demons brought on by dark pasts; however, in the estranged setting, and with the help of some interesting narrative twists, Nguyen draws out new life and beauty in an otherwise traditional plot. The aforementioned heterosexual white couple is the pairing of Roman—an exemplary, volatile performance from Dane DeHaan—and Lucy—Tatiana Maslany of Orphan

Two Lovers and a Bear features astounding arctic scenery. (journaldemontreal.com) Black fame. Their mental anguish stems from the persistent memories of abuse at the hands of their fathers.

The aptly named town of Apex, Nunavut—accessible only via plane— serves as an ideal destination for the two traumatized lovers to escape—as far removed from civilization and memory as possible. As the couple navigates through some seriously frightening screaming matches, Roman’s sporadic alcoholism, and the spectres of— mostly—Lucy’s past, it is made clear that, try as they might, they can never run from their painful memories.

Nguyen furnishes this complicated romance with grandiose widescreen shots of the aurora borealis.

The daunting expanse of the Arctic tundra particularly comes through in the overhead tracking shots of Roman and Lucy on an epic snowmobile journey.

One feels the precariousness of life in conditions such as these. Negative forty-degree weather lurks outside every door, and in the background of every scene lies ice as far as the eye can see. The lovers’ explosive relationship is heightened by the innately tense nature of the land.

One particularly notable scene is the close-up of Lucy huddled in a makeshift igloo, breathing in and out rhythmically, intercut with a shot of a rock face surreally pulsing up and down, synchronized with the sound of her breath. The cold becomes a character in moments such as these; its constant threat feels inescapable.

Shooting mostly outdoors in an expansive, flat landscape, Nguyen uses the relative smallness of the main characters to the advantage of the narrative. As they race further and further from the reaches of civilization, the Arctic feels uncaring, and their neverending quest away from their memories becomes futile.

While the barren setting does put the characters in a unique position for self-exploration, the film’s representation of this locale is somewhat whitewashed. Despite the couple’s narrative placement within an Inuit community, local indigenous inhabitants of the land are limited to extra roles with little to no contribution to the story arc. The Inuit locals are portrayed merely as part of the landscape, which is disappointing

considering that 84 per cent of Nunavut’s population is Inuit. A missed opportunity to bring attention to one of Canada’s most under-represented indigenous groups, Two Lovers and a Bear could certainly have benefited from a more honest and representative portrayal of life in Nunavut.

Despite the flaws in Kim Nguyen’s Two Lovers and a Bear, the film manages to find beauty in its story of two lost souls searching for meaning at the edge of the world. The methods with which it explores the dark psyches of Roman and Lucy, and how they affect their unique relationship, are often captivating. Although occasionally melodramatic in their turbulent relationship, the couple’s actions never stretch beyond belief due to Nguyen’s thorough exploration of internalized abuse. What really separates Nguyen’s latest from like-minded romances is the way he uses his setting to compound the inner turmoil of his two main characters. While Two Lovers and a Bear unfortunately doesn’t tread much new ground, it’s gorgeous rendering of Nunavut makes this indie romance well worth the price of admission.

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Science & technology

13

What are the rules in Star Wars?

MILAMOS aims to clarify military law in space Izze Siemann Staff Writer

Outer space plays a vital role in every person’s daily life—from sending a text message, to hearing a broadcast on the radio, to swiping a credit card. However, terrestrial warfare is also dependent on space. So, if one country interferes with another country’s satellites, does this constitute an act of hostility that can be countered with further aggression?

The answer is that we don’t know. The newly formed Manual on International Law Applicable to the Military Uses of Outer Space (MILAMOS) Project seeks to answer this question, among many others.

Its mission: “To develop [...] a manual that objectively articulates and clarifies existing international law applicable to military uses of outer space, including the conduct of hostilities in outer space and military activities in periods of tension.”

The world’s most powerful countries rely on space in some form for almost everything; tampering with a country’s satellite capacity would have a large scale impact on not only civilians, but also the communication capacities of the country and its military. The MILAMOS project aims to ease tensions between countries by creating guidelines on military conduct in space; once they are created, countries will be less likely to cross them.

Although the chance of war breaking out in space are uncertain, the manual is focused on the uses of space for terrestrial warfare.

According to those working on the project, the MILAMOS is needed and pertinent now because the frequent and increasingly modern wars on Earth.

Presently, countries have no clear guidelines and boundaries when it comes to law in space.

“We are not drafting a treaty, neither a national legislation,” Associate Professor Ram Jakhu, chairman of the project and associate director of the Centre for Research of Air and Space Law at McGill University, said. “It becomes somewhat of an authoritative statement.”

Jakhu hopes that nations will refer to either the whole manual or parts of it to make international decisions.

Before the MILAMOS project, there were few laws and regulations written about warfare and the law of conflict, notable exceptions include the Oxford Manual of the Laws of War on Land of 1880 and the Geneva Conventions, which were established after the Second World War. The Geneva Conventions produced regulations on what can be targeted in war. For example, hospitals and schools cannot be bombed lawfully because they are occupied by

civilians, whereas a bridge used for military purposes could.

Throughout the Cold War, military technology continued to advance, but countries were slow to write new treaties; consequently, experts from many different fields began coming together to write manuals. In 1994, the San Remo Manual set guidelines about international law applicable to war at sea. In 2009, the Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research at Harvard University published the Manual of International Law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare. It established how to apply the Geneva Conventions to new, more advanced military technologies.

The 2014 Tallinn Manual

whether or not there are dangers of warfare in outer space, and, absolutely, there are.”

Practically every week, there is news of the development of anti-satellite missiles, and other technologies that could be used in an offensive manner in outer space. This manual would be helpful for states trying to stay on the right side of these boundaries, but also for those looking to cross them directly.

Blake worked to advertise this project to a variety of institutions to get funding.

McGill Professor Ram Jakhu and the Research Unit on Military Law and Ethics at the University of Adelaide ultimately supported the needed funding and pushed this manual into action.

Although McGill University and the

outlines University the laws of of Adelaide are cyber warfare—how (Natalie Vineberg / The McGiill Tribune) spearheading the project, this can an “attack” be defined if it is virtual? The Tallinn Manual produced an is not exclusively undertaken by Western agreed upon series of rules accompanied by nations.

The MILAMOS project represents commentary from the experts’ discussion, an endeavour the MILAMOS aims to replicate. a diverse body of experts. While many Currently, very little has been published manuals have historically been formulated about international law and outer space. by white men, this project brings together This inspired Duncan Blake, deputy editor- experts from all over the world—the US, in-chief of the MILAMOS, to write his Japan, China, Nigeria, and many European Master’s thesis on whether or not the countries—including 31 per cent of female creation of a manual like the MILAMOS is participation. With an extensive array of political views and expertise—such vital to modern society.

“A manual on space warfare and the as law, astronomy, military warfare, and military uses of space was an obvious next technical engineering—the manual will be step,” Blake said. “[The thesis focused on] representative of a huge diversity of people

with one goal: Developing solid international laws applicable to the military uses of outer space.

With a diverse assortment of people, comes the likely probability of disagreement in coming to an agreement about specific laws. Dr. Cassandra Steer, executive director of Women in International Security Canada and executive director of the Centre for Research on Air and Space Law, predicts that there will be a few main points of contention.

First, defining what “the use of force” signifies in terms of space will be a challenge, as there is little previous international precedent for what this means. One goal of MILAMOS is to define when it is justified to retaliate using force.

“Article 2.4 of the UN Charter states that you can’t randomly use force on a state, but you can defend yourself if attacked,” Steer explained. “So, can we conclude that satellite interference, not destruction, is something that would invoke a retaliatory attack in self-defence with force?”

Defining the three main principles of the Law of Armed Conflict— distinction, proportionality, and precaution in attack— as they relate to space will be another significant challenge. For example, it is unlawful to attack civilians, whereas it is lawful to attack a military target. In space, however, if a satellite is attacked, what would the consequences be if it were used for both military and civilian purposes?

Another example involves proportionality: If GPS satellites were attacks and planes could no longer fly causing airport shutdowns, what category would it fall under?

“Coming up with these 150200 rules will take time [,... especially to include] the rationales for each [rule] and other commentary,” Blake said.

The MILAMOS project hopes to be completed and released to the public in three years. While there are post-doctorate and masters candidates at McGill involved, Jakhu explained the number is selective and controlled.

Ultimately, the MILAMOS is being written in order to ease tensions between international superpowers and to prevent the occurrence of conflicts in space by creating boundaries. If clear lines are drawn, fewer countries are likely to cross them. The goal of this project is not to tell countries how to wage war in space, nor is it to encourage a real-life Star Wars.

“This project is not just fiction and theories in any way [....] It’s a collection of views and determination of what the law is,” Jakhu said. “It’s more than academic. It’s something real and practical.”

14

Science & technology

Wednesday, October 12, 2016

Dr. Jane Goodall discusses her transition from scientist to activist

At the International Conference on Sustainable Veterinary Practice, Goodall expresses concern and hope for the future Julia Briand & Kate Lord Contributors At the Young Women’s Veterinary Association International Conference on Sustainable Veterinary Practice on Oct. 6, the animal calls were so life-like there could have been a chimpanzee in the room.

“This is me, this is Jane, in chimpanzee language,” primatologist Dr. Jane Goodall said.

Goodall, founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and UN Messenger of Peace, is considered to be the world’s foremost expert on chimpanzees.

Awarded England’s highest honour, Dame of the British Empire, in 2004, Goodall has been the recipient of many prestigious awards over the years for her work on humanitarian and animal rights issues.

“I was born loving animals,” Goodall said. “[As a child] I determined I would grow up, move to Africa, live with wild animals, and write books about them. And everyone laughed at me [.…] The war was raging in Europe, we had very little money […] and I was just a girl, and girls didn’t do that sort of thing.”

In 1960, under the mentorship of famed paleontologist and anthropologist Dr. Louis Leakey, Goodall began her groundbreaking research on the behaviour of the chimpanzees at the

Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in Tanzania.

“Nobody else had ever done anything like that [before],” Goodall said.

Goodall’s observations of the chimpanzees fishing termites out of mounds using sticks and other tools were revolutionary in that it forced a redefinition of the way scientists view animals.

“It was believed that there was a sharp line dividing us humans from the rest of the animal kingdom,” Goodall said. “Today, we know we are part of that animal kingdom, not separated from it.”

Goodall’s close analysis of the emotional relationship between offspring and their mothers, nurturing behaviour in both genders and territorial war between neighbouring chimp populations showed her the similarities between chimpanzee and human nature.

“Chimpanzees have their dark side […] and their loving side, too,” Goodall said.

Goodall eventually attended Cambridge University for her PhD, which she received in 1965. She was dismayed, however, to discover that the academic world rejected the idea of animal sentience.

“They told me that I had done everything all wrong,” Goodall said. “I

Keynote speaker Dr. Jane Goodall addresses the International Conference on Sustainable Veterinary Practice. (Natalie Vineberg / The McGill Tribune) Goodall brought up a few topics is used to change vegetable protein to shouldn’t have given the chimpanzees names—they should have had relevant to her work as an environmental animal protein.”

Widespread cow farming and their and animal activist. She described the numbers.”

It wasn’t until a conference on horrible conditions of industrial farming feces add to the production of methane, the study of chimpanzees in 1986 that in wealthy nations paired with the which is a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.

Goodall was fully exposed to habitat effects of a growing demand for meat.

Despite the barrage of modern “About 18 per cent of the deterioration and inhumane treatment of chimpanzees as a species across the greenhouse gases […] responsible for challenges, Goodall has hope—hope global warming and climate change that by better understanding animals, world.

“Chimpanzees were dropping in come from intensive farming,” Goodall better solutions will be made.

“Animals are indeed sentient,” numbers as a result of the bushmeat explained. “Forests are cut down to trade, commercial hunting, snaring, and house the animals, huge amounts of Goodall said. “Together we can find the live animal trade,” Goodall said. “I fossil fuel are used to get the grain to ways of changing some of these went to that conference as a scientist the animals, and the meat to the table, unfortunate cruelties that go on in the and, of course, a huge amount of water world around us.” […] and left as an activist.”

Origins of the Canadian accent Canadian English and factors that contribute to linguistic change Andy Wang Staff Writer Despite many linguistic similarities with our southern neighbour, the Canadian accent—or accents—can be as distinctive as our love of hockey, maple syrup, and good manners.

The origins of Canadian English can be traced back to the American Revolution in the late 18th century when roughly 45,000 Loyalists— American colonists still faithful to the British crown—resettled in modern day Ontario. This influx of native English speakers contributed to the majority of the modern Canadian accent, and explains why a standard Canadian accent is often similar to the English spoken in the midwestern United States.

The influx of Irish and Scottish immigrants to Canada in the late 19th century contributed to some of the regional differences in Canadian accents. English-speakers in the Maritime provinces tend to produce vowel sounds from the front of the mouth when pronouncing words such as car, hard, and bar—think Sean Connery.

English in Quebec, the only

In addition to a common love of hockey and moose, Canadians are also often stereotyped for distinctive accents. (Felicia Chang / The McGill Tribune) province where it is a minority Revolution years until the early 20th same shows. In the streets of London, language, also possesses some unique century, trans-Atlantic communication you can sometimes hear young people qualities that make it quite distinctive. required the labourious exercise of speaking American slang.”

For example, words with double r’s, handwriting letters. The rise of the However, not all regional such as marry and merry, are typically digital era—from cell phones to mass differences are declining. Languages, pronounced differently by Quebec media, Facebook, Instagram, and other dialects, and accents provide speakers anglophones than in any other region forms of online communication— with an avenue to distinguish largely began to reverse the trend of themselves from a homogenous blend in Canada. of linguistic commonality.

The evolution of language follows English’s linguistic divergence.

“Accents and regional variations “The interconnected nature similar changes as the forces that shape biological, Darwinian evolution: of reality today can be seen in the in pronunciation and spelling can be Isolation, compartmentalization, and homogeneity of the young generation,” used as symbols of individuality and time mediate the distinction of language Associate Professor of Linguistics also as an avenue of social movement,” from accents, to dialects, to altogether Charles Boberg, an expert on Canadian Boberg said. “The regions where we English, said. “Everyone hears the see language at its most malleable is different languages.

From the early post-American same pop music, and watches the in the middle class, which is logical

considering this is the socioeconomic class associated with the most active upward mobility.”

There is also a gender dynamic at play: Women consistently outperform men in all areas of language. Studies have also found a correlation between gender and linguistic change. But, whether these observed correlations are caused by societal roles imposed on women or by the neurobiological differences between the sexes remains a topic of intense debate in sociolinguistic academia.

“The nature versus nurture debate definitely has a place in linguistics,” Boberg said. “Certainly there are factors in society which shape the difference between men and women. For the past century, that has been the chief focus of linguistics. But, recent genetic and prenatal studies have shown that perhaps some things are truly a result of purely biological differences.”

Canadian English has a decidedly unique history compared to its British and American counterparts, despite the fact that the trajectory of its evolution has been shaped by both. With regard to its future, one can only predict that Canadian English will continue to preserve a measure of its uniqueness.

Sports

Wednesday, October 12, 2016

2016/17 NHL Season Preview

15

By Elias Blahaceck, Wasif Husain, Cameron Cash, and Patrick Beacham

(abc.com)

western CONFERENCE

(usatoday.com)

Eastern CONFERENCE Atlantic Division

Metropolitan DivisioN

Pacific Division

Central Division

San Jose Sharks: Coming off an appearance in their first Stanley Cup final last season, the Sharks are poised to stay atop the Pacific division. They have a strong defensive core led by Marc Edouard Vlasic and Brent Burns, with a potent offence led by centreman Joe Thornton and winger Joe Pavelski. Add in their rising star netminder, Martin Jones, and their window to compete for the Cup remains wide open.

Dallas Stars: The Stars will win the central division this year on the backs of forwards Tyler Seguin and Jamie Benn, two of the league’s best point producers. However, the question remains if their goaltending will be strong enough for an extended playoff run. Look for a defensive corps, which added Dan Hamhuis over the offseason, to be improved from last year

Tampa Bay Lightning: Finishing off last year second in their division, the Tampa Bay Lightning surprised hockey pundits and fans alike. The team that forced the eventual Stanley Cup champions to game 7 in the conference final was able to re-sign this year’s biggest free agent, Steven Stamkos, and keep their existing core in tact. Expect Steve Yzerman’s boys to make a real push for the Cup this year.

Washington Capitals: The Capitals will look to build upon their Presidents’ Trophy winning campaign last season with a ‘cup or bust’ mindset. Although the Caps lost dressing room favourite Jason Chimera and two-time Stanley Cup Champion Mike Richards, the addition of Lars Eller solidifies their depth at centre ice. Look for the Capitals to finish first in the Metropolitan Division and challenge for a secondconsecutive Presidents’ Trophy en route to a deep playoff run.

Anaheim Ducks: After a poor start last season, the Ducks finished strong, but ultimately came up short in the playoffs. This off-season, they rehired Head Coach Randy Carlyle, who led the team to their only Stanley Cup championship in 2007. Once again, they will rely on the old guard of forwards Ryan Getzlaf, Corey Perry, and Ryan Kesler. With a very deep defensive corps and strong goaltending from John Gibson, Anaheim will stay competitive in the West.

Chicago Blackhawks: Chicago’s forward group is one of the most dynamic in the league. With Patrick Kane and Artemi Panarin leading the charge offensively, and Jonathan Toews continuing to excel as the best two-way centre in the game, the Blackhawks will feast on the league’s weaker squads. Signing wiley veteran Brian Campbell on defence only boosts this squad’s talent and experience. Once again, expect a long playoff run from Chicago.

Montreal Canadiens: The Canadians had a horrid second half of their season last year. Carey Price will return to rekindle the fire, but the team is banking on big seasons from Shea Weber, Alexander Radulov, and Andrew Shaw. Keep an eye out for 2016 draft pick Mikhail Sergachev who had a great preseason and will stick with the Habs. Montreal went from a rubber dingy to a class A destroyer overnight; they’ll be playing hockey long into spring.

Pittsburgh Penguins: As the defending Stanley Cup champions, Pittsburgh has every right to be mentioned as one of the league’s elite. With no major off-season losses, the Penguins will continue to execute a fast-paced tempo under returning Head Coach Mike Sullivan.

Pittsburgh will provide the biggest inter-division battle with the Capitals. Expect superstar Sidney Crosby to go head-to-head with the likes of Patrick Kane and Jamie Benn for the Art Ross Trophy, as the league’s leading point scorer.

Los Angeles Kings: The two-time Stanley Cup champions have lost a number of players over the last couple of years. They rely heavily on their core: Anze Kopitar, Jeff Carter, Drew Doughty, and goaltender Jonathan Quick. Many of their young players like Tyler Toffoli and Tanner Pearson are yet to have their breakout years.

Combined with a lack of depth on defence, this means the Kings will have a hard time competing for the division crown.

Nashville Predators: The addition of P.K. Subban over the summer in exchange for Shea Weber will have a positive effect on the Predators’ squad.

Now containing one of the most talented defenceman in the league in Roman Josi, look for Nashville’s backend to produce a fair percentage of their offence. Their biggest question mark, as always, will be whether they can get sufficient production from their top forwards. At 33 years-old goalie Pekka Rinne needs a statement season.

Florida Panthers: The Panthers finished last season atop the Atlantic division, but lost in the first round.

Florida had yet another busy off-season as General Manager Dale Tallon continues to keep his locker room in flux. The team added serious firepower on the back end with Keith Yandle and Jason Demers. Another year under the belt for the Panthers’ youth and added veteran presence on the blue line should guarantee the team finish second in their division.

New York Rangers: Following a disappointing 4-1 series loss at the hands of the Penguins in the 2016 playoffs, the Rangers will enter the 2016-17 season knowing their championship window is closing. Champion goaltender Henrik Lundqvist is getting older.

Although the Rangers will not have the firepower to contend with the Capitals and the Penguins, the addition of sought-after collegiate free agent Jimmy Vesey will add an offensive weapon to New York’s strong blue line.

Calgary Flames: The Flames had some of the worst goaltending in the league last year and addressed the issue with the acquisition of Brian Elliott. Along with the hiring of Glen Gulutzan as head coach, the Flames hope to improve their puck possession game. They will hope that young stars Johnny Gadreau and Sean Monahan will be able to compete with the L.A. Kings or Anaheim Ducks for a playoff spot.

St. Louis Blues: Despite the loss of captain David Backes to the Boston Bruins via free agency, the Blues boast a dynamic and experienced forward corps, led by Russian sniper Vladimir Tarasenko. St. Louis’ defence will be a strength, as dynamic sophomore Colton Parayko will look to take another step forward. With goalie Brian Elliot finally out of the picture, the Blues’ net is all Jake Allen’s. The Blues should make the wildcard spot.

Detroit Red Wings: Like the Panthers, the Red Wings were knocked out early in the playoffs last season.

Detroit had a sombre off-season after losing superstar Pavel Datsyuk to retirement. The additions of veterans Steve Ott and Thomas Vanek might be enough to keep this team in playoff contention should their young core take a step forward in their development. They should be able to fend off other mid-division teams and overtake the Bruins for third place.

New York Islanders: The Islanders will take a step back this season.

Newly acquired forward Andrew Ladd will be an offensive downgrade from Kyle Okposo on captain John Tavares’ left side. Ladd, the two-time Stanley Cup champion, will bring leadership and grit to an already heavy-hitting squad; however, the speed of the league, especially in the Metropolitan division, will make it difficult for the Islanders to finish at the top of the standings.

Go to mcgilltribune.com/sports for the other 14 teams in our NHL preview and for an exclusive podcast with famed TSN NHL insider Bob McKenzie about the upcoming sesason and much more.

16

Sports

Wednesday, October 12,2016

know your athlete Continued from page 1.

Qadr Spooner redmen football

By Zikomo Smith

Sports Editor

(Noah Sutton / The McGill Tribune)

“As a young person, I had a lot of people that guided me in the right direction,” Spooner said. “I always wanted to pass that on and [community work] really connected with me […so] I chose social work as my major. [In fact] when I committed to McGill, I got in contact with people and they helped me get jobs in this field.”

Like many accomplished athletes, it was Spooner’s mother who kickstarted his football career. “[Football] is something my mom forced me to be a part of,” Spooner said. “So many benefits came after that—friendships, it helped me focus on school and do better in school; if you got bad marks you got kicked off the team [in high school….] It has just helped my life out so much. It keeps you from doing bad stuff [….] You meet so many great individuals and great peers.”

Now, CFL scouts are bullish on Spooner’s professional prospects. He moves with a speed belying his size.

He has a nasty streak on the field that excites coaches and inspires fear in defensive ends. However, Spooner started off his career on the opposite side of

the ball. “[In high school], I was a defensive lineman, and one of my coaches said we needed help on the offensive line, so I got converted,” Spooner explained.

“I was like ‘football is football,’ and I immediately excelled greater at that position. [Offensive line] is a great position, it is a team position. You do not always get the credit, but you know how important your role is in the team’s success.”

Spooner also enjoys the camaraderie of the o-linemen group.

“Honestly, the offensive linemen on [the Redmen team] are the funniest kids,” Spooner said. “They may seem intense at times but they have the softest hearts. It is surprising, especially with how aggressive you have to be to play the position—they are such good guys.”

Spooner is a standout on a McGill squad that is rebuilding. Over the past two years McGill has steadily improved its win record, and Spooner can testify to the culture change that has improved the team.

“If you had seen all the transformation [over the past few years], you would not be able to understand how one coach ,[Head Coach Hilaire], can turn a team around from the beginning,”

Spooner said. “The staff that he brought in, the new coaches were invested in you and in helping the team get better [....] I cannot really describe [the improvement] in words, you have to see it to understand it.”

For now, Spooner is helping McGill realize their playoff dreams. Spooner also harbours NFL ambitions­­—he is one of the top CIS prospects—something he is characteristically modest about.

“You just have to stay positive and keep working hard,” Spooner said. “It is a dream, so I hope I can make it.”

There is no doubt many will be rooting for him.

Favourite study spot?

McLennan library—I am there like 24//7. I have spent some late hours there.

What would be your last ever meal?

I am not suppoed to say this, but General Tao Chicken.

Favourite Superhero: Bane.

McGill Lacrosse clinches victory after three quarters of gridlock Three Redmen score hat-tricks to lift McGill past Bishop’s

Patrick Beacham Contributor A close, high-scoring match was to be expected on Thursday Sept. 6 as the McGill Redmen (7-1) once again took the field against the Bishop’s Gaiters (3-5). The fourth quarter of the match broke a three-quarter stalemate as the Redmen took the game 14-9 to improve their winning streak to five.

“Fortunately, we came out of a close game with Bishop’s,” Redmen Head Coach Tim Murdoch said.

“Bishop’s has a great program [and...] they came out on fire. The game was a coin toss through the third quarter.”

The Gaiters established an early 2-0 lead in the first quarter, though the Redmen were quick to respond, closing the gap to a 4-3 advantage for Bishop’s.

However, the Gaiters kept scoring due to a lack of defensive pressure from the Redmen.

“I would like to see a little bit more pressure out of our guys,” Redmen defenceman Bradley Hoffman said.

“We’ve got a really talented [defensive] core, so I would like to see them use a bit more of that skill and press out on their attackmen a bit more, but I think we picked it up at the end and we shut them down when we needed to.”

Defensive pains were to be expected, considering that rookies comprise half of this years roster, following last season’s massive outflow of talented seniors.

“There’s definitely a shift in tempo from high school to college lacrosse, and

I think we’re going through growing pains,” Redmen midfielder Emile Sassone-Lawless said. “We lost a lot of productive seniors last year and we’re [still] trying to re-establish ourselves.”

Nevertheless, the win was significant for the Redmen­—the seniors were particularly happy to defeat rivals Bishop’s one last time at Molson Stadium before graduation.

“It means a lot to beat them for the last time on home turf,” Redmen attacker Spencer Bromley said. “We haven’t lost to them in the four years I’ve been here, so it’s nice to keep a clean slate.”

The next CUFLA game for the Redmen is at home against the Carleton Ravens on Oct. 15 at 5:00 p.m. The last time the two teams played the Ravens forfeited the game.

Quotable

“Everyone’s going to be coming after us [....] It’s gonna be a game circled on their calendar[s].” - Head Coach Tim Murdoch on McGill’s status as a league favourite.

Stat Corner

The game marked the McGill Redmen’s ninth consecutive victory over the Bishop’s Gaiters.

Moment of the Game

Redmen attacker Rhys Burnell broke through the Gaiters’ defence to get a shot off from just left of the crease.

The goal led to the offensive push that decided the game in the fourth quarter.