McGill Tribune Vol. 38 Issue 17

The McGill Tribune TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 2019 | VOL. 38 | ISSUE 17

Published by the SPT, a student society of McGill University

McGILLTRIBUNE.COM | @McGILLTRIBUNE

EDITORIAL

FEATURE

SCI-TECH

In solidarity with the Unist’ot’en camp

Beyond the stacks

DoVEE project aims to detect ovarian cancer earlier

PG. 5

PGs. 8-9

PG. 14

(Gabriel Helfant / The McGill Tribune)

MHAW takes mental health awareness one step further

PG. 2

Provincial student federation AVEQ announces dissolution Caitlin Kindig & Kyle Dewsnap News Editor and Staff Writer In a joint statement issued by the Concordia Student Union (CSU) and L’Association étudiante générale de l’Université de Rimouski (AGECAR), the Association for the Voice of Education in Quebec (AVEQ) announced its dissolu-

tion on Jan. 26. AVEQ, the primary mandate of which was to represent students across Quebec by uniting their student unions and societies, was forced to dissolve following low student participation and poor financial management in recent years.

Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU) President Tre Mansdoerfer

said that he was saddened, but unsurprised, by the announcement.

“It kind of makes sense,” Mansdoerfer said. “I think the group had good values, but they just really couldn’t act on them very well. They constantly created poor briefs, there wasn’t really any transparency, and they struggled.”

In Feb. 2018, Mansdoerfer, then an

engineering senator at SSMU’s Legislative Council, presented a report of critiques against AVEQ. The report detailed the experiences of then-Post Graduate Students’ Society (PGSS) external affairs officer Jacob Lavigne during his observation of AVEQ meetings, which he described as disorganized and ineffective.

PG. 3

I don’t want to rent a lamp—I need to see a therapist

Centaur’s ‘Queer Reading Series’ celebrates new voices

Johanna Cline

Spotlight on tales of strength and resilience

Staff Writer

For most people, the decision to see a therapist doesn’t take place overnight.

Often, a series of events will knock someone down until dealing with an issue alone is no longer an option. By the time that I decided to trek to the Brown building, my closest friends knew that I had been struggling for months.

I had finally reached a point

where I did not feel safe in my own mind and needed external support to help me deal with my sense of hopelessness.

So, when the receptionist at mental health services told me that there was a six-week wait to get an appointment, my stomach lurched. Finding the strength to reach out and ask for help does not come easily, and being denied that help can be demoralizing and, frankly, scary. Seeing the panic on my face, the receptionist reassured

me that if I came by for dropin hours I would be able to see a therapist by the end of the day. I arrived the following morning only to be told that all of the appointments were already taken. I started tearing up, but I knew that negotiation was not an option. All of the students before me needed to talk just as badly as I did, and what I was facing wasn’t a malicious plot against my mental health but a shortage of resources.

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Jonathan Giammaria Contributor Traditionally, a stage reading is a stripped-down version of an author’s work. With no set design and minimal effort put toward costuming or props, performance and plot are at the forefront.

Attending a reading allows

keen audiences to access an unfinished product.

Abandoning notions of polish and perfection relieves creators from the pressures of a full production. With the Queer Reading Series, which ran Jan. 31-Feb. 2, Playwright’s Workshop Montreal provided emerging artists from underrepresented

communities with a public platform to share their work, illustrating the diverse new generation of the Montreal theatre scene.

For Ella Kohlmann, the Ontarian playwright behind Exits, this meant sharing her coming-of-age story about a runaway teenager infatuated with Moby Dick.

PG. 12

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news

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 2019

Summer exchange course in Israel sparks debates AUS Council refuses to ratify course fee Jacqueline Yao Staff Writer POLI 339 Comparative Developed: Topics 1, a Political Science course featuring a two-week exchange to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), has ignited heated debates on campus, resulting in the Arts Undergraduate Society (AUS) ultimately rejecting the course’s proposed fee.

In a Facebook post on Jan. 26, McGill Students in Solidarity for Palestinian Human Rights (SPHR) criticized the university for offering a course at HUJ, citing that the campus is partially located on Mount Scopus, a region in Jerusalem that continues to have a disputed territorial status. SPHR claimed that the course is inaccessible because Israeli border security may detain students with Palestinian nationality, as happened to Lara Alqasem, an American student of Palestinian descent, last year. In a statement to The McGill Tribune, SPHR argued that offering POLI 339 would be hypocritical given McGill’s acknowledgement of its colonial occupation of indigenous land.

“There is a common discourse on McGill’s campus that the university must be held accountable for its complicity in settler-colonialism, and [POLI 339] completely contradicts that,” SPHR representatives wrote. “If this course is approved, it not only trivializes the existence and experiences of Palestinian students at McGill, but it puts efforts of accountability here at McGill in jeopardy and puts the lives of its own students at risk should they choose to participate.”

Israel on Campus (IOC) countered SPHR’s statements in a Facebook post on Jan. 28, maintaining that McGill should give students opportunities to understand the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. IOC refuted allegations of inaccessibility, stating that Arabs make up 16 per cent of HUJ student body and that a Israeli Supreme Court decision last October will limit the use of Israeli law to bar those affiliated with Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS), a global campaign against Israel, from the

territory. In an email to the Tribune, IOC stressed that studying at the site of the Israel-Palestine conflict encourages critical thinking.

“By fighting against this course, we believe that SPHR is expressing fear,” IOC representatives wrote. “They are scared that participants will come back refusing to blindly accept their opinions as facts. We encourage critical thinking and are happy to see students have the opportunity to study the conflict themselves by hearing, seeing, and experiencing diverse viewpoints on the ground and forming their own perspectives.”

After receiving backlash, McGill’s Political Science Student Association (PSSA) removed its advertisement for POLI 339. PSSA President Bella Harvey asserted at AUS council that the PSSA remains neutral.

“I believe, personally, that students should be absolutely free to exercise their academic freedom to engage in the opportunities [available to them], but they are equally free to express dissent and protest the class,” Harvey said. “[The] PSSA has no control over what classes are offered by the department and cannot stop them from being offered.”

The Student Fee Advisory Committee (SFAC), which oversees a variety of fees that McGill charges students, had approved the fee before the AUS Council voted against it on Jan 30. During the meeting, critics of POLI 339 argued that the course is not equally accessible for students of Palestinian descent. Others accused councillors of using the debate to express personal grievances and, in so doing, inappropriately deny students academic opportunities. The motion to approve POLI 339 course fees, presented by Arts Senator Andrew Figueiredo, narrowly failed 13-14 in a secret ballot.

POLI 339 will be taught and coordinated by Professors Richard Schultz and Harold Waller, with the Gerald Schwartz & Heather Reisman Foundation partly subsidizing travel costs.

The proposed course fee would have had each enrolled student pay $1,000 for lodging, transportation, and remaining airfare expenses. However, given the course fee motion’s failure, it is

unclear how the expenses will now be covered. “[SSMU] only signs off on the fees once they’re approved at the faculty/department level,” Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU) President Tre Mansdoerfer wrote in an email to the Tribune. “[I am] unsure about the POLI 339 fee motion’s next steps, as I haven’t seen a case where [course fees] failed to pass so far this year.”

The McGill Tribune

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ALAN FREEMAN REPORTER FOR THE CANADIAN PRESS

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SARAH NAFISA SHAHID STAFF WRITER AT THE DAILY STAR

THOMSON HOUSE

FEBRUARY 19-21

$14 million Rossy Student Wellness Hub to be completed by May Project allegedly McGill’s first investment in student mental health services Laura Oprescu News Editor Members of the McGill community and the Rossy family presented McGill’s plan for the new Rossy Student Wellness Hub (RSWH) on Jan. 28. The $14 million Hub will merge the Student Health Service (SHS), Counselling Services, and Psychiatric Services. The Hub’s pilot project is set to open by May 2019.

“This is the first time that McGill University is investing in student mental health,” Martine Gauthier, executive director of Student Services, said. “Over the next six years, McGill is investing eight million dollars, and the Rossy Foundation [is investing] five million dollars [....] I think it’s really going to change the way we serve the needs of students.”

The Hub will be accessible through the West and East Wing entrances of the Brown Building.

11 staff members will be trained in check-in procedures, with five on shift at all times, as opposed to the three at the McGill Clinic. The new waiting areas will also have desks and outlets so that students can study while waiting for appointments.

As for treatment, Student Services will hire four more general practitioners, bringing the total number to eight, and will train its six nurses to respond to mental health crises. “[Health Services] was really disgusting,” Gauthier said. “We’ve completely flipped the floor plan [....] We want students to be able to walk in here, no matter what is going on, whether it’s

physical or mental, [and] be able to get support.”

The Geography Department is designing a centralized website for all health services. The new website will allow students to enter criteria, such as Blue Cross Insurance or weekend hours, and view services available to them on an interactive map.

Finally, 12 Local Wellness Advisors (LWAs) will be added to various departments across campus.

“LWAs will be embedded in faculties [and] residences, [... plus] there will be one for grad students, [and] one in athletics,” Gauthier said. “[The idea is] to bring wellness where students are learning instead of students having to come [to the clinic].”

Jennifer Chen, member of the Post-Graduate Students’ Society (PGSS) Health and Wellness Committee, praised the new Hub’s preventive care model, resilience-building techniques, and attention toward graduate students’ needs.

“For graduate students, there are no set rules that say ‘if you do this, if you follow this, you will be successful,’” Chen said. “[We also] face the pressure from the supervisors’ expectations, leading to a culture where [graduate] students feel that it might be less acceptable to take any leave if they do have mental health issues [....] With the RSWH, they’re starting at prevention and awareness for healthy living, and they’re targeting not just students. [They’re] targeting everyone around them, raising awareness for healthy living. Therefore, the culture and the community will change.”

Nancy Heath, associate dean of Research and Graduate Studies in the Faculty of Education, re-

The new Hub will make the First Peoples’ House accessible by installing a lift in the back of the clinic.

(Laurie-Anne Benoit / The McGill Tribune) marked that many students were using unhealthy coping strategies to deal with stress.

“Over the last seven years, we’ve surveyed over 10,000 students,” Heath said. “10 per cent said they were using illegal substances, consciously, to self-medicate in times of stress. 15 per cent were using frequent alcohol use, not for fun or partying, but to deal with their stress, and 10 per cent indicated that they were hurting themselves on purpose.”

Heath also advocates for a multi-dimensional approach to increasing resilience to stress, minimizing the need for later interventions.

“In the last five to ten years, [...] we’re seeing this resilience-building approach [emerge],”

Heath said. “It’s really about teaching students ways to be able to manage difficult emotions [and] challenging situations which they will encounter in a very demanding environment [....

This can be] through peers, it can be through a course, it can be online.”

Chen believes that the construction of the Hub indicates that McGill is accepting more responsibility for student well-being.

“Ideally, it shouldn’t be on the shoulders of the students to have to make those conscious, healthy-living choices,” Chen said. “Rather, the institution fosters a culture that promotes healthy living. I think McGill is taking a big step forward in that case.”

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 2019

news

McGill launches third annual Black History Month celebrations

Provincial student federation AVEQ announces dissolution

BSN and SEDE to hold commemorative events in February across campus

Allegations of workplace tensions contributed to the decision

Helen Wu Staff Writer On Jan. 31, members of the Black Students’ Network of McGill (BSN) and the Social Equity and Diversity Education Office (SEDE) launched McGill’s Black His-

for you to be transformative in a way that may lead to transformation for your communities,” Clarke said. “Never let anyone deny to you the importance of doing scholarship, the importance of doing research, [and] the importance of knowing your history.”

Clarke explained to the audience that a higher education is the key to combating inequality.

(Helen Wu / The McGill Tribune) tory Month at the Faculty Club. The event featured parliamentary poet laureate, playwright, and University of Toronto English Professor George Elliott Clarke as the keynote speaker and included musical performances by harpist Christelle Saint-Julien and Schulich School of Music pianist Daniel Clarke Bouchard.

Black History Month is celebrated across Canada in February to commemorate the achievements and contributions made by black Canadians to building the country’s culture, heritage, and identity.

Equity Educational Advisor in Anti-Racism and Cultural Diversity Shanice Yarde acknowledged McGill’s support of Black History Month in her opening statement.

“This is our third annual celebration of Black History Month at McGill, which is really exciting,” Yarde said. “And I know [three] seems like a really small number, but we have to start somewhere.”

Following a prayer and a welcome address by Sedalia Kawennotas, elder of the Mohawk nation, Provost and Vice-Principal Academic Christopher Manfredi delivered a statement on behalf of Principal and Vice-Chancellor Suzanne Fortier, addressing Black History Month 2019’s theme of ‘justice.’

“Since the beginning of my term as Provost, I have identified equity and inclusion as my priorities, knowing that the pursuit of these goals is crucial to the intellectual openness and academic excellence for which McGill constantly strives,” Manfredi said. “This commitment to equity bears fruit in different important ways, and tonight is a striking example of this.”

The last speaker to take the stage was Clarke, who stressed the role of higher education in providing the tools and knowledge necessary to revolutionize communities.

“To be an intellectual, to be someone who is schooled in history and in the fundamentals of this society, makes it possible

Clarke cited the March on Washington in 1963, Martin Luther King Jr.’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech, and the election of Barack Obama, America’s first African-American president, as historical examples of the significant social progress made in the past century. While he believes that the fight for racial equity has made significant advances, Clarke also pointed out the work that remains.

“The March on Washington in ‘63 was not the end,” Clarke said. “If anything, it was just the beginning. A beginning which remains in process. All of us still have a duty to press for equality, still have a duty to press for liberty, for all of the marginalized, down-pressed communities that we have all over this country. We should never accept the idea that change has been accomplished.”

According to Clarke, social change can only come from those who rise up and take action into their own hands.

“If oppressed peoples, if marginalized peoples, if racialized communities, if women, if persons of different sexual orientations, if indigenous peoples are ever going to have real equality and real liberty in this country, we need to understand that politics is war and activists are foot soldiers,” Clarke said.

Clarke finished his speech by reading a selection of his poems. During the subsequent question period, he noted the significant role that Africans and their descendants have played in the success of European societies.

“As much as I can admire the achievements and greatness of so many European cultures, I also want folks to recognize what that [success] was built on, the exploitation it was built on,” Clarke said. “Stop trying to claim that people of colour are inferior, stop trying to claim that we work backwards, stop trying to argue that we deserve to be enslaved.”

Caitlin Kindig and Kyle Dewsnap, Staff Writer and News Editor Continued from page 1.

“AVEQ’s plans were bare and only consisted of a rubric with a timetable showing when they would be working on each item,” Lavigne wrote in the report. “While my objective at the start of my term was to have a referendum for affiliation to a federation during my term as [external affairs officer], I have realized over the past few months that this was not favourable.”

AVEQ’s financial troubles resulted in the organization posting a deficit of approximately $66,700 in its 2017-18 budget. Association members approved this budget in July 2018, with the stipulation that it be revised before their next congress in October. When AVEQ missed the deadline to balance its checkbook, the Mouvement des Associations Générales Étudiantes of l’Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (MAGE-UQAC), an association representing UQAC’s approximate 6,500 students, withdrew from the organization. Laura Daigneault, vice-president (VP) external of the AGECAR student association, said the with-

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members, the departure of MAGE-UQAC created a serious financial problem for us.”

A disruptive work environment may have also contributed to divisions between the association and its members, according to an article published by The Link on Jan. 27. The article cites accusations that an employee used a line of credit to pay for AVEQ’s hydro bill without consulting the executive team. Former association members have denied any knowledge of this or any workplace dysfunction.

Despite AVEQ’s dissolution, CSU External Affairs and Mobilization Coordinator Camille Thompson expressed optimism for future student movements in the province.

“It is important to look at the current movement for unpaid internships,” Thompson said. “A lot of students are coming together, and maybe this movement will evolve into something new.”

Although critical of AVEQ itself, Mansdoerfer believes in the importance of amplifying student voices to influence provincial politics and points out that many of AVEQ’s ideals overlap with movements at McGill.

“I think [provincial student associations] are really important,” Mansdoerfer said. ”The

Alleged financial mismanagement contributed to AVEQ disbanding.

(Amanda Fiore / The McGill Tribune) drawal had a severe impact on AVEQ’s ability to operate.

“As [AVEQ] had to pay rent, our executives and our employees had [...] to reduce our expenses elsewhere,” Daigneault wrote in an email to The McGill Tribune. “Because we were entirely funded by dues paid by student-

price [to pay] is very [much] up for debate, but there’s definitely a lot of value in trying to bring students’ voices to the provincial government.

As for McGill, we can’t really do that on our own [....] We don’t have that big of a voice compared to [the combination of] every school in Quebec.”

Administrative challenges also caused the student union to dissolve.

(Brian Lapuz / The Link)

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news

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 2019

Conservative candidate Jasmine Louras aims to break new ground in Outremont Andrew Scheer and Conservative MPs believe Quebec is ripe for a blue wave Sam Dagres Contributor The riding of Outremont, which shares a borough with Milton-Parc, has gone without a representative in the House of Commons for nearly five months and will hold a by-election on Feb. 25. Former New Democrat Party (NDP) leader Tom Mulcair held the riding for almost a decade, but, months after being ousted as party leader, he stepped down in late August. On Jan. 21, accompanied by members of Conservative McGill and several Members of Parliament (MP) including Conservative Party Leader Andrew Scheer, prospective candidate Jasmine Louras stepped forward as the party’s choice for Outremont. The event ended in celebration, with many MPs attending Conservative McGill’s Welcome Back Pub Night afterwards.

Louras’ rivals include Rachel Bendayan, who will be running for the second time under the Liberal banner, and Julia Sanchez for the NDP. Bendayan’s goals include increased environmental protection measures, support for small businesses, and social housing projects.

Likewise, Sanchez’ campaign will focus on the environment, women’s

rights, and inequality. Louras’ campaign team, meanwhile, predicts widespread Conservative support in Quebec; however, it is wary of resistance in Outremont, which has never elected a Conservative MP. Jonah Presser, Louras’ volunteer coordinator and director of the election process, expressed optimism for an oncoming ‘blue wave.’

“When I’m on the ground with the candidate and the team, we see that the Conservative movement [is] gaining traction,” Presser said.“People are dissatisfied with the current government, especially with Justin Trudeau.”

Presser also worked on Conservative MP Richard Martel’s campaign in Quebec this past summer.

He believes Martel won because of the Conservatives Party’s continuous effort to appeal specifically to Quebecers.

“Andrew Scheer [has] put a lot of effort into Quebec as a whole, we’ve had a speaking tour for the last six months [called] ‘À l’écoute des Québécois’ Presser said.

Scheer cited Martel’s success as a source for his confidence in the Conservative Party winning across Quebec during the Oct. federal election.

Jasmine Louras hopes to be the first Conservative Outremont MP in the riding’s history. (twitter.com/jasminelouras) “We have already demonstrated this past summer, in Chicoutimi-La Fjord, that there is not one riding that the Conservatives cannot win,” Scheer said. “If we work hard, if we stay faithful to our principles, if we convey our positive messages to each voter, we can win any riding in Canada [….] We are currently forming the strongest Quebec Conservative team we’ve seen in recent history. [Louras] is a part of a new generation of Montreal Conservatives.

[We] are the only federal party who

respects provincial autonomy. It is a Conservative government that has acknowledged that Quebecers form a nation in the heart of Canada.”

Louras briefly thanked her team and reinforced the conviction that a ‘blue wave’ is will hit Quebec.

“We are going door to door, each and every day, we are talking to the residents of Outremont,” Louras said. “We are listening to [them], and we will win this time around.

The blue wave has come.”

Louras grew up in the riding,

and, according to Presser, she understands its socio-economic diversity very well.

“The riding of Outremont contains some of the poorest areas of Montreal, and also one of the richest [Westmount],” Presser said. “She is aware of the diverse upbringing of [this] riding. She can bring [it] together and represent it properly.”

The majority of the quotes in this article are translated from their original French.

House of Commons Leader Bardish Chagger meets with Liberal McGill Networking event held to discuss the future of the Liberal Party Lauren Mayes Contributor Liberal McGill held a networking event at Brutopia Pub on Jan. 15 as part of Liberal Member of Parliament Bardish Chagger’s campaign. After introductions, Chagger held an open discussion on her vision for the Liberal Party in the lead-up to the 2019 federal election in October.

Anushay Sheikh, director of Liberal McGill, introduced Chagger, emphasizing how her experiences prior to her role as Leader of the Government in the House of Commons in 2018 had prepared her for work at the federal level.

“Ms. Chagger is devoted to inclusion and community building,” Sheikh said. “In her role at Kitchener-Waterloo Multicultural Centre, she worked to foster diversity within the community, providing opportunities for social and economic engagement.

As the executive assistant to former [Member of Parliament] Andrew Telegdi, she gained a deep understanding of the issues that are important to the residents of Waterloo, including manufacturing, technology, and innovation.”

Chagger began her 30-minute informal conversation by drawing parallels between her early academic career and current work in Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s cabinet.

She has found the government’s commitment to progress inspiring.

“Trudeau says that ‘better is always possible,’” Chagger said. “When I was in school, math was my strongest subject. And I remember, in grade 11 math, I came home with a 98, and my dad was like ‘where’s the two per cent?’ So, when [Prime Minister] Justin Trudeau says ‘better is always possible,’ I’m like ‘yeah, my dad agrees, […] so, I’ve continued fighting for that little bit more.”

As Minister of Small Business and Tourism from 2015 to 2018, Chagger was one of three ministers responsible for the department of Innovation, Science, and Economic Development until a cabinet reshuffle in July 2018. She currently serves as Leader of the Government in the House of Commons, and is responsible for planning and managing the government’s legislative program.

Chagger defined her vision of the Liberal Party as a party that continually seeks to refine and improve its mandate.

She finds that Trudeau’s leadership is essential to the success of this mandate and expressed pride in her party’s history of advocacy, including long-standing advocacy for same-sex marriage, support for the legalization of marijuana, the development of a carbon-tax policy, and continued argument for regulations allowing physicianassisted death.

Chagger doesn’t see progress as a competitive game, emphasizing the role

Chagger identified students who had worked for her 2015 campaign and praised them. (huffingtonpost.ca) of international cooperation for Canada.

She values free trade deals like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) for promoting an environment where all parties benefit from a globalized economy.

Giovanni Giuga, a second-year Master’s student at McGill who volunteered on Chagger’s 2015 campaign, described working for her in an interview with The McGill Tribune.

“Just from having a conversation with

her, you can tell she’s passionate about what she wants to do,” Giuga said. “She’s done some amazing things with her efforts in community development and improving the Waterloo community [....] I could talk for days [about] how she’s done that prior to her role, and the strides she’s made in that realm are absolutely amazing. She [also] makes all her volunteers passionate not just about politics, but about the political process itself.”

opinion

TUESDAY, FEBRuARY 5, 2019

T

editorial board Editor-in-Chief Marie Labrosse editor@mcgilltribune.com

In solidarity with the Unist’ot’en camp

Creative Director Elli Slavitch eslavitch@mcgilltribune.com Managing Editors Ariella Garmaise agarmaise@mcgilltribune.com Stephen Gill sgill@mcgilltribune.com Calvin Trottier-Chi ctrottier-chi@mcgilltribune.com News Editors Andras Nemeth, Caitlin Kindig & Laura Oprescu news@mcgilltribune.com Opinion Editors Keating K. Reid & Abeer Almahdi opinion@mcgilltribune.com Science & Technology Editor Katherine Lord scitech@mcgilltribune.com Student Living Editor Emma Carr studentliving@mcgilltribune.com Features Editor Dylan Adamson features@mcgilltribune.com Arts & Entertainment Editors Katia Innes & Sophie Brzozowski arts@mcgilltribune.com Sports Editors Gabe Nisker & Miya Keilin sports@mcgilltribune.com Design Editors Arshaaq Jiffry & Erica Stefano design@mcgilltribune.com

Since November 2018, indigenous communities and their allies across Canada have mobilized to show solidarity with the Unist’ot’en camp.

The community is part of the Wet’suwet’en First Nation in British Columbia (BC) and has been trying to prevent a natural gas pipeline, Coastal GasLink, from building on their territory.

Photo Editor Gabriel Helfant photo@mcgilltribune.com

On Jan. 24, the Student’s Society of McGill University (SSMU) Legislative Council voted to express support for the Unist’ot’en camp. However, during deliberation at Legislative Council, SSMU’s motion was amended to remove a statement that explicitly opposed the Coastal GasLink pipeline.

Club Councillor Victoria Flaherty raised the concern that the motion excluded students from McGill who may be employed in the oil and gas market in the future. In response, SSMU has adopted a contradictory stance on the matter, not opposing the specific pipeline, but still claiming to support the Unist’ot’en. This is not true solidarity; it is not enough to just express support for Unist’ot’en without being opposed to the pipeline going through their territory.

While SSMU claims that it can support the Unist’ot’en camp without explicitly opposing the pipeline, the two issues are inextricable from one another.

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and the BC government have used excessive force to make way for construction of the pipeline, launching raids that have resulted in multiple arrests. On Jan. 7, the RCMP entered the camp wearing full tactical gear and weilding assault rifles to counter the peaceful protesters. According to Carleton criminologist Jeffrey

Multimedia Editor Tristan Surman multimedia@mcgilltribune.com Web Developers Luya Ding webdev@mcgilltribune.com Tristan Sparks online@mcgilltribune.com

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TPS Board of Directors Abeer Almahdi, Becca Hoff, Jeeventh Kaur, Marie Labrosse, Katherine Milazzo, Daniel Minuk, Falah Rajput.

Nina Russel, Kevin Vogel

staff Peter Ball, Hannibal de Pencier, Taja De Silva, Kyle Dewsnap, Owen Gibbs, Emma Gillies, Sabrina GirardLamas, Mary Keith, Sunny Kim, Sydney King, Winne Lin, Ronny, Litvack-Katzman, Ender McDuff, Gabriela McGuinty, Sofia Mikton, Nicholas Raffoul,, Nina Russell, Julia Spicer, Leo Stillinger, Bilal Virji, Kevin Vogel, Tony Wang, Helen Wu, Jacqueline Yao, Leanne Young

Contributors Yasmine Azzi, Mitchell Bannon, Vanessa Barron, Cordelia Cho, Sam Dagres, Stephanie Deng, Erin Dwyer, Jonathan Giammaria, Daria Kiseleva, Shaun Lalani, Lauren Mayes, Kennedy McKee-Braide, Alyssa Nazmi, Emma Paulus, Emma Paulus, Diana Viola

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Please recycle this newspaper.

Kate Lord Science & Technology Editor Before I went on exchange last winter, my mum sewed a small Canadian flag to my backpack. I was apprehensive: It felt like a a bold, definitive declaration of my nationality.

As an anonymous traveller, your country of origin comes to define you, and I wasn’t sure I was ready to become the ‘Canadian girl.’ With more experience living outside of Canada, I was, after all, a bit of a fraud.

Despite my Canadian passport, I did not spend the first 14 years of my life attending hockey games and enjoying poutine. While I could name more capital cities than most adults, I couldn’t distinguish Nova Scotia from Manitoba, and I thought Parliament

Monaghan, internal RCMP documents have referred to the Unist’ot’en as an extremist group. The Unist’ot’en issue goes beyond the construction: It is a violation of indigenous communities’ rights to sovereignty and autonomy.

That some SSMU councillors would prioritize future job prospects over this ongoing violence is disheartening.

When external federal issues like the Coastal GasLink pipeline arise, it can be difficult to feel like student voices matter. But, universities have consistently played an integral role in creating change. For example, Quebec’s Bill 151 is the product of months of lobbying and activism by SSMU and the Our Turn National Action Plan. When it comes to protesting the pipeline, a statement of support for Unist’ot’en is the bare minimum, which SSMU has failed to adequately provide.

Lobbying local, provincial, and federal governments is an important part of student unions’ and associations’ duties, and the absence of a vicepresident (VP) external hinders SSMU’s ability to fulfill this responsibility. After former VP External Marina Cupido resigned in Oct. 2018, McGill students have been left without an executive whose sole responsibility is to represent their needs outside of the university context. In the case of the Unist’ot’en camp and other indigenous advocacy work, a dedicated VP external position is indispensable.

In the meantime, there are

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EDITORIAL many important steps that students on campus can take to support Unist’ot’en. On their website, the Unist’ot’en camp provide an extensive list of ways to support them, such as donations, need lists, and other resources. On the broader issue of indigenous rights, it is important to support on and off-campus initiatives like #ChangeTheName. Campus groups such as the First People’s House, SSMU Indigenous Affairs, and the Indigenous Student Alliance, which held a demonstration in support of indigenous sovereignty on Jan. 14, are all essential resources for indigenous students on campus, and they deserve students’ utmost support. It is important to educate oneself on how to be an effective ally, listen to indigenous communities, and support their right to self-determination.

SSMU’s decision to amend the motion reveals their hypocrisy.

SSMU has been quick to support the #ChangeTheName campaign; however, Unist’ot’en has not received that same kind of support. Expressing solidarity with indigenous peoples means expressing support for all indigenous issues, on and off-campus. Principal and Vice-Chancellor Suzanne Fortier announced that she is delaying her decision on whether to change the men’s varsity athletics team name until the end of the academic term. SSMU promptly criticized this announcement, and yet, that they cannot even pass a motion declaring total support for Unist’ot’en demonstrates the emptiness of their solidarity with indigenous peoples.

Becoming a ‘Canadian’ in Canada Hill was in Toronto. I was also a really terrible skater.

Between Singapore, New Zealand, and Germany, my parents ensured that, rather than growing up Canadian, my childhood was characterized by becoming a part of many cultures. I tried to learn Mandarin and German while commemorating Anzac day and celebrating Diwali. When the students at my elementary school wore their traditional outfits once a year, I was always jealous of the little girls who could wear their colourful saris or delicate cheongsams; I felt strange in my green-and-yellow kilt with a maple leaf pinned to my back. During annual visits to Canada and England, relatives were always eager to share their homes with their international family. Even though I loved summers surrounded by family, I never really considered what it might be like to live in the place that I’m from.

As a result of my mother’s fervent hopes that my brother and I would grow roots in Canada before leaving for university, we eventually relocated to Toronto. Without the shield of being foreign, I quickly realized I faced a trial far more difficult than keeping in touch with old friends or making new ones: Being a Canadian in Canada.

Among an international crowd, it’s easy to fit in, because nobody does.

For those who already say ‘sorry’ and take maple syrup with their pancakes, passing as a Canadian doesn’t take a lot of effort because most foreigners won’t really know the people of a country beyond their popular stereotypes.

Even in Toronto, my family seemed to transition into Canadian life without being exposed as imposters.

My brother took French classes, my dad started curling, and my mum frequented HomeSense with my grandmother. I got to see my cousins more than once a year, and I learned how difficult portaging is.

My name and appearance meant I was privileged to never have to explain how I was Canadian, and my new friends were more interested in discussing the first Hunger Games instalment than where each of us was born.

Somewhere between going camping on Canada Day and learning the national anthem, I became more

Canadian. Even though I would never feel as at home as someone who grew up here, I still lost the right to identify as an international kid. It was an inevitable and unwinnable struggle; when you’ve defined yourself as something for so long, it can be hard to let go.

Deciding to come to a large university in a culturally confused city was, in part, spurred by a desire to recover some semblance of foreignness.

With so many people from different backgrounds, university can feel like a reprieve for the person seeking to blend comfortably into diversity.

While I might not always be proud to be Canadian, any traveller will tell you that wearing a maple leaf on your bag is a fortunate symbol to bear. I’m not entirely sure I’m a proper ‘Canadian’ yet, but I still have the flag on my backpack—and I think that means something.

Erratum In an article entitled “SUS proposes raising fees to accomodate growing organization,” published in the Jan. 29 issue, the Tribune stated that the Jan. 23 meeting was a General Assembly. In fact it was a General Council meeting. The article also stated that Reem Mandil introduced a motion. In fact he introduced a notice of motion. The Tribune regrets these errors.

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opinion

commentary

Johanna Cline Columnist Continued from page 1.

I feel very fortunate to be surrounded by caring friends.

On that discouraging day, my roommate brought home two pages of contact information for local psychologists. I texted the first one on the list and immediately made a booking for the following week. The hourlong appointment cost $195.

Like every McGill student, I hear incessant complaints about our school’s mental health system. The Brown building, which houses McGill’s counselling services, bears a shameful one-and-a-half–star ranking on Google Maps. From

commentary

Kennedy McKee-Braide Contributor At the end of the academic year, Première Moisson’s current lease on their space in the Redpath Library basement will have expired. This news has sparked a debate about whether the lease should be renewed, and, if not, what should replace it. The café, which sells coffee, sandwiches, pastries, and snacks, is notorious for its high prices and mediocre products.

The Redpath Première Moisson lease debate highlights the broader issue that McGill fails to provide its students with options that are both healthy and affordable.

In 2014, McGill replaced the

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I don’t want to rent a lamp—I need to see a therapist cutting the eating disorder program to funding out-of-touch initiatives clearly designed by the neurotypical—think: Spin Bikes and fake plants—the administration does little to hide that mental wellness falls quite low on their list of priorities.

For many students, the onceevery-two-week therapy offered

by Mental Health Services is insufficient. As a result, students often turn to expensive sessions with independent psychologists to cope with their issues. This option only applies to those with $50 to $240 to drop on a onehour session. The rest of the student body finds themselves out of luck and instead has to keep it together on their own for the 14 days between their McGill counselor appointments.

After intense backlash surrounding former deputy provost student life and learning Ollivier Dyens’ self-righteous hygiène-de-vie sermon, as well as criticism about the decision to cut the eating disorder program, McGill decided to redeem itself with the announcement of its first ever Well Week. Well Week was a five-day period between Jan. 28 and Feb. 1 during which McGill hosted various mental wellnessrelated events, including a mason jar meal hack, workshops on

bullet journaling and studying habits, and yoga classes. McGill administration has also offered students resources like light therapy lamps and miscellaneous workshops as alternative means for improving mental health, especially during the dreary winter months.

While biking and yoga may be useful supplementary tools for coping with mental health

struggles, students cannot be expected to handle their issues alone and need accessible recovery programs to put them back on track. McGill continues to invest in half-hearted wellness initiatives while failing to address the needs of students struggling with genuine mental illness. Well Week is yet another misdirected strategy to pacify the growing resentment amongst students in

The Mastery of slipping

need of greater resources.

Having personally gone through the dejection of being denied mental health services, I would not want anyone to experience that same hopelessness. Students need an administration that hears their experiences and takes them seriously with a rigorous dedication to increasing affordable counselling services— not rentable lamps.

CARTOON

Sabrina Girard-Lamas, Staff Illustrator

1st time

100th time

McGill must replace Première Moisson Tim Hortons in the Redpath Library basement cafeteria space with a Première Moisson. As the Montreal Gazette reported at the time, students were unhappy with the change, preferring Tim Hortons’ affordable selection. Most options at Première Moisson are expensive for the average student, with the cost for rather small sandwiches climbing up to eight dollars. While McGill boasts about Première Moisson’s quality, citing a ‘gourmet selection,’ students tend to disagree. In January, The McGill Tribune conducted a survey of McGill students’ opinions about Première Moisson: Out of 314 respondents, only 29 said they would want the lease renewed.

Issues with food affordability and quality on campus do not end at Première Moisson. Vendors such as Quesada, Starbucks, and Dispatch often fail to provide food that is simultaneously healthy and inexpensive. There are some alternatives: SNAX, a student-run café in Leacock, is affordable, but payment options are limited, and some students will always opt for one of the chain restaurants around campus instead of paying hefty fees to take out cash from an ATM. Another alternative, the student-run initiative

Midnight Kitchen, offers free vegan and vegetarian meals to students but is currently unable to function due to the renovation of the University Centre.

Those living in residence are forced to pay almost $6,000 for a mandatory meal plan. Unlike many other schools, the plan does not provide students with unlimited meals. Not only is cost an issue, but such a system fails to provide students with the option to cook for themselves.

Some may counter these arguments by claiming that students are more than welcome to avoid Première Moisson if they so choose. However, this ignores the reality facing a sizeable portion of the McGill population: While some may have the means to pay for such items, many do not. Financial and economic status should not put these students at a disadvantage.

Others might also argue that it is students’ responsibility to prepare their own meals should they have a problem with the price of food on campus. However, this fails to address the crux of student life at McGill: The pressure placed on students, especially around exam season, can be extreme.

There is a well-documented correlation between nutrition and stress levels, fatigue, mood, and alertness. Students often lack the time or energy to take

Since its arrival in 2014, Première Moisson’s presence on campus has been controversial. (Daria Kiseleva / The McGill Tribune) care of themselves when they are overwhelmed with school work.

Because Première Moisson is the only option in the McLennan-Redpath library, it leaves students with little choice but to spend large amounts of money to feed themselves during stressful periods. It can be hard to justify extensive meal-prep when coursework is so time-consuming. If

McGill truly values the well-being of their students, offering more affordable food options is a good way to prove it.

Students’ position seems to be clear: It’s time for Première Moisson to go. What McGill does next will demonstrate whether it prioritizes student concerns, and McGill should replace Première Moisson with another, more affordable option.

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MHAW takes mental health education one step further

SSMU mental health event inspires students to advocate for their peers Emma Paulus Contributor Between Jan. 28 and Feb. 1, the Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU) hosted Mental Health Awareness Week (MHAW).

Events promoting mental wellness, self-advocacy, and collective well-being took place throughout the week on and around campus. Organizers encouraged attendees to be more understanding and aware of issues relating to mental health through their workshops.

In the midst of juggling homework and extracurriculars, getting adequate sleep, and making time for friends and family, mental health is often a student’s last priority. Consequently, event organizers felt that it was important to engage in conversations about mental health and encourage students to prioritize their mental health. According to SSMU Mental Health Commissioner Bee Khaleeli, U3 Arts, MHAW organizers hoped to do more than solely encourage discussions about mental illness.

“We also really value offering concrete steps for students to take,” Khaleeli said. “This is especially true for those who are often left out of the conversation of mental health, neurodivergent students and students with disabilities in particular,

but also queer, racialized, and otherwisevulnerable students.”

In this mission to empower students with coping mechanisms, MHAW included a workshop on effective studying presented by the Office for Students with Disabilities. The event provided students with strategies on improving time management, balancing a demanding workload, and excelling academically while practicing self-care.

Participants also learned about ways in which they could assist others struggling with mental illness. Licensed psychologist Dr. Mary Alexandria led SafeTALK Suicide Intervention on the evening of Jan. 31. In her presentation, Alexandria talked about some of the signs that someone may exhibit if they are contemplating suicide and offered approaches for offering them support. After attending the workshop, Emily Gittings, U1 Arts, spoke of the importance of taking action if someone shows signs of suicidal ideations.

“Sometimes, I think we worry about being too extreme and just dismiss our concerns when, in reality, it is best to communicate our concerns clearly and be willing to ask if someone is suicidal,” Gittings said. “When offering to help someone who is suicidal, it is not your responsibility to save

their life. Instead, it is important to provide [students with] the resources needed in order for this person to save their own life.”

In addition to instructional workshops, campus groups also hosted de-stressing events for overwhelmed students. On Jan. 29, the Peer Support Centre, SSMU, the Art Hive staff, and Student Services teamed up to offer a creative art session. Beyond providing students with a space to paint, the Art Hive staff instructed students on practicing mindfulness, a practice which encourages honing in on the peace of the moment. The event staff hoped that students would engage positively with mindfulness and integrate it into their daily lives.

While raising awareness is important, it does not necessarily resolve all of the challenges those suffering from mental illness face. The student groups and professionals behind MHAW worked to extend mental health education beyond awareness by providing students with opportunities to actively improve their mental health. Through a combination of casual events like yoga and heavy discussions on matters such as suicide, students learned a variety of ways to practice self-care.

Attendees learned how to advocate for peers struggling with mental health. (ssmu.ca)

“I hope folks who attended [...] programming can wrap up the week feeling like they have the tools necessary for self-advocacy and community support,” Khaleeli wrote in a message to The McGill Tribune. “I think it’s really easy to fall into talking about awareness without offering concrete next steps and avenues for growth and change, and we wanted to empower people in this regard.”

Mini Courses making a big impact A guide to SSMU Mini Courses with Bailey Hughes Mary Keith Staff Writer Through the Mini Courses initiative, the Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU) has offered classes during the Fall and Winter semesters as a way for students to learn about disciplines that McGill does not typically include in its curricula, such as drawing, writing, and even birdwatching. These classes allow students to dabble in new areas that may be intriguing but that they have never had the chance to explore.

SSMU Mini Courses have become increasingly popular among students and the greater Montreal population since they first began a decade ago.

Additionally, Super Mini Courses function as quick workshops, rather than two month classes, for those who may not be able to commit to the longer timeframe of regular Mini Courses. Both enable students to find new passions, explore their hobbies, or master a skill for a CV. Bailey Hughes, SSMU Operations Coordinator, explained the program’s popularity among students.

“Often times, people feel like they don’t have time to explore interests outside of school, so I feel like [SSMU Mini Courses] are a really good way to do so,” Hughes said. “They are usually evenings or weekends, which is really convenient, [...and this schedule makes it] easier [for] students and the general public to find time outside of their crazy schedules. [We try to make SSMU Mini Courses] accessible and inexpensive, [and] it’s fun if you want to learn something new.”

In addition to established classes that are offered every year, new courses are added in consultation with students’ interests, such as Egyptian Arabic and DIY for Sustainability. However, according to Hughes, it can be difficult to determine which courses garner interest in a given semester.

“Semester-to-semester, it’s really hit-or-miss because students’ interests are ever-evolving, so one

course will do well [one] semester, but then it won’t do well the next,” Hughes said. “[To manage this fluctuation in interests], at the end of each course, we like to send back an anonymous feedback form with the question, ‘What course would you like to take?,’ so it’s really based on what the students want. We are flexible [and] want to try anything.”

When students take a course, it appears on their co-curricular record or their transcript for participants to show to future employers or graduate admissions teams. However, unlike courses offered through the university, the Mini Courses are not graded. Hughes acknowledges that this is especially appealing to students interested in venturing outside of their comfort zones but unwilling to risk harming their GPA. “Recently, we paired up with CaPS, so now all SSMU Mini Courses show up on your co-curricular record, [with the option] of including it on your transcript,” Hughes said. “It is a great opportunity to build your resume or CV.” Courses tend to fill up quickly in the beginning of the registration period. Even so, Hughes notes that it is possible to be added to a course last-minute, or at the very least, join the waitlist. Consequently, Hughes encourages students to reach out if it appears registration for a particular course has ended.

“If it appears closed, you can always just email us to appear on the waitlist,” Hughes said. “Even if the registration button is not there, [we] can always see if there’s room.”

To make sure students don’t have to wait, however, Fall Mini Courses typically appear on the website in August or September. With this semester’s Mini and Super Mini Courses starting this week, students should consider looking into taking a class if they have any interests or passions outside of McGill’s academic range or are simply interested in finding new skills or hobbies.

Mini Courses allow students to explore new interests.

(Sabrina Girard-Lamas/ The McGill Tribune)

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Beyond The Shelves Toward a more complete understanding of history

Sandwiched between the crowded, cubicled floors of the McLennan library complex lies a trove of meticulously-catalogued treasures. McGill’s Rare and Special Collections, on McLennan’s oft-bypassed fourth floor, is positively teeming with peculiar artifacts; for instance, McGill boasts the largest collection of books about Abraham Lincoln in all of Canada, not to mention the 2,714 books and journals from the 19th to 20th century about puppet theatre, belonging to McGill’s much revered Rosalynde Stearn Puppet Collection.

To some, preserving these relics of the past might seem indulgent—especially considering the amount of resources and space dedicated to housing these trinkets and curiosities that bear little interest for the average individual. But, to the contrary, archivists insist that, hidden among the stacks, there is something for everyone—so long as they are willing to look. “‘Heterogeneous’ is definitely the word I hear used to describe the Rare Books Collections,” librarian Elis Ing said in an interview with The McGill Tribune. “So many different times and places are represented. Some of the collections are really big, some of the collections are literally one sheet of paper, but that one sheet of paper could be amazingly rich in terms of its research value.”

Ing joined McGill’s team of archivists in July 2018 after she was hired as the liaison librarian for Special Collections and Rare Books. She spends her days tracking down the most relevant materials for the researchers who approach her, working with conservators to ensure that the older, more delicate materials are stored safely, and creating a thorough, navigable inventory of the collections.

“One of the coolest things about our services […] is the fact that anyone can walk off the street and come up to this fourth floor and request our materials,” Ing said. “We’re not stuck in an academic bubble.”

While one of the primary functions of an archive is to make its information available to the surrounding public, the Centre for Oral History and Digital Storytelling (COHDS), a research unit based at Concordia University, weaves its community mandate into the very curation of its materials. On top of being an oral history archive, COHDS acts as an equipment depot and computer lab and hosts a variety of educational events led by scholars, artists, and students.

“Anyone who feels like they could benefit from our services [...] can affiliate

“One of the coolest things about our services […] is the fact that anyone can walk off the street and come up to this fourth floor and request our materials,” Ing said.

“We’re not stuck in an academic bubble.”

themselves with us,” Sonia Dhaliwal, the archives Coordinator at COHDS, said. “The only thing we ask in return is that you then provide something to Concordia, like, a workshop based on your skill set, a talk. There [are] no financial costs associated with our community [….] In that sense, COHDS’s archive is very much by the people, for the people.”

From 2007 to 2013, the Community-University Research Alliance produced a project called Montreal Life Stories, a collection of life-story interviews with over 500 Montreal residents who had been displaced “by war, genocide, or other human rights violations.” The interviews, all available online through COHDS, have since been used as primary sources in academic research projects, art installations, films, and museum exhibitions.

COHDS’s website links viewers to an extensive list of projects pertaining to oral history and digital storytelling created by their affiliates. The ability to consume the research in the form of a video, an art project, or even an audio walk allows viewers to interact with history beyond the didactic methods used in a traditional classroom.

During the 2018 Winter Semester, McGill Professor of the History and Classical Studies Department Suzanne Morton taught a course entitled HIST 437: Issues in Canadian History. For the final project, Morton had her students conduct research on the history of the school using the McGill University Archives. She gave her students the option to present their findings in the form of an essay, podcast, or video.

As a pedagogical experiment of sorts, Morton decided to participate in the project as well; her own research culminated in a video entitled “Colour, Colonialism, and the McGill Redmen: A Short History.”

Her video condensed nearly a century’s worth of information and documents into six minutes that have now accrued over 11,000 views from Morton’s personal Facebook page alone. Using a wealth of archival materials gathered from McGill’s collections, Morton traced the usage of the name back to the 1930s.

“The ‘red’ part most certainly came from McGill’s school colours, but it had traction and stuck because [the full name] fit into existing North American traditions of giving sports teams Indigenous names,” Morton narrates in the video.

Morton’s video used visual aids such as newspaper clippings, old yearbooks, and even an n-gram that sourced information from Google Books to track the usage of the word over more than a hundred years. The resulting video offered objective evidence that the team name had its roots as an Indigenous slur and dispelled widely circulated myths in one fell swoop. Morton says she was moved to make the video in response to the multiple circulating narratives regarding the origins of the name.

“It’s something I care deeply about, something I’m concerned about,” Morton said.

“It’s also a situation where people were making statements that just simply weren’t true, and I thought, ’this is an area where it might actually be useful for people to actually see evidence.’ Not understanding the indigenous roots of the [team name] makes things invisible.”

The video entered into the newsfeeds and consciousness of students at a time when

Sophie Brzozowski A&E Editor “One of the kind of new mantras is this idea that libraries are not neutral,” Ing said. “ McGill staff and students were coming to terms with the harsh realities of McGill’s colonial history. Students and faculty had expressed frustration with the administration’s hesitance to change the name. The debate has become part of a larger conversation about how McGill’s and Canada’s history in general are commemorated.

Though statues and team names are frequently a media flashpoint for such debates, librarians are working to come to terms with their own role in the discussion. An evolving school of thought in archival and librarian communities is that of ‘Critical Librarianship.’ Critlib, as it is colloquially referred to on Twitter, acts as a framework to interrogate and understand the ways in which libraries and archives participate and encourage longstanding systems of oppression.

“One of the kind of new mantras is this idea that libraries are not neutral,” Ing said.

“In the past, we presented ourselves as a neutral body, just providing information. But increasingly, there’s a lot of people saying, ‘well no, that’s not true,’ and I tend to agree with them.”

A significant part of an archivist’s job is to provide context for their collections, which can cause bias to manifest in unexpected ways. Ing gave the example of the subject headings in the Library of Congress—the international standard for archival practices.

“One issue that a lot of people have been campaigning about is that the Library of Congress uses the phrase ‘illegal aliens,’ which is not really used in Canada at all,” Ing said. “A really important development that’s come out of Critical Librarianship is this idea that words matter, especially in a library and archival context, where we’re constantly describing things and classifying things, which, again, is quite problematic, the idea that part and parcel of our jobs is to put things into categories.”

Oral historians face a similar burden when it comes to cataloguing their materials. In a discipline that relies literally on word of mouth, knowing what information is credible and worth preserving is a contentious subject. Instead of evaluating the material based on traditional standards of accuracy, the field focuses on the more nuanced, subjective truths that arise from recording unfiltered accounts of stories from individuals.

“The thing about oral history is that you’ll get stories and you’ll get perspectives that you wouldn’t normally get in any other recorded history,” COHDS’ Digital Media and Projects Coordinator Sarah Lake said. “That’s what makes it pretty unique. And, you might have to counter-balance that with the fact that memory is very subjective and people’s stories are very personal. [But] I think that the […] benefit of oral history as a method does outweigh those potential negative parts. I think people are becoming much

more interested in that. You know, public histories, people’s stories.”

Indeed, the constant evolution of archival studies is widening the scope of the histories that they preserve. One of the more dynamic fields of interest among oral historians and archivists is memory studies. A relatively recent and ever-evolving area of research, memory studies aims to examine individual and collective memory.

“There’s this idea of a walking oral history, where you actually walk with a person, and that’s how you’re recording the interview, and then as they’re walking and they’re seeing things, you […] talk about it,” Dhaliwal said. “In the audio walks, there will be clips of interviews where people are retracing places where they’ve lived, places where they’ve worked, and so, as you’re standing there doing a tour, you might be looking at, like, condos, but it used to be the Northern Electric Company.”

For all of the field’s constant evolution, to study archival sciences is to be constantly confronted by the simple truth that, the further you get from the past, the more difficult it becomes to preserve and understand. Archivists work to ensure that our relationship with the past is not a passive one, and that our methods and language are adapting to suit the changing contexts.

The McGill Library and Archives Master Plan, originally created in 2015 and currently up for review, states that McLennan library will focus its energy on acquiring digital materials and will re-shelve portions of the existing print collection in hopes of maximizing study space for students—an issue rendered all the more pertinent with the impending closure of Schulich Library. While most contemporary archivists support the acquisition of digital materials, they caution that it is not a one-stop solution where money and space is concerned.

“The process of digitizing, [as in] converting something from analog to digital itself, is extremely time and resource-consuming, and, then, once you’ve digitized something, you have to maintain it, so, that takes up a lot of space, too, which costs money and takes maintenance,” Dhaliwal said.

Data and methods, like terminology and social standards, can become obsolete.

Archivists working with digital materials must constantly work to ensure that the file types or software used to scan or record the materials is readable on currently available technology.

“We like to think that ‘okay, I’ve digitized it, now it’s forever, it’s permanent,’ but that’s not really the case, digital files actually don’t last that long,” Lake said. “File types fall out of favour, and, you always have to be migrating it to different formats, always making backups of it.”

The work of an archivist or a librarian extends far beyond the preservation of materials. It all comes down to making informed, thoughtful, and, at times, courageous decisions about how we choose to navigate history.

“As soon as you make a choice about what to keep and what not to keep, […] you’re making a choice,” Lake said. “There [are] no archives in the world that are going to be objective, you can’t take everything, you can’t keep everything, but every history has a home.”

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Traditional pasta with a

modern twist A look at Brotelli Pasta Bar

Gabriela McGuinty Staff Writer One of Montreal’s newest Italian restaurants is Brotelli Pasta Bar, owned and operated by brothers and McGill alumni, Joey (BA’12) and Orlando Napolitano (BA’09). This eatery puts a unique spin on traditional pasta dishes: It serves pasta in Chinese take-out containers for meals on the go.

Brotelli, located in the food court of the CIBC tower at 1155 RenéLévesque, offers a casual ambiance that attracts both rushed students and those looking for a laid-back sit-down dining experience. Joey Napolitano explained that the idea behind the restaurant was rooted in family tradition and a desire to cater to a specific consumer demand.

“My family [owned the restaurant] Casa Napoli [which] opened in 1978 and closed [...], about four years ago,” Joey Napolitano said. “We grew up in a family of restoration, in a proudly Italian family where food was everything. My brother and I realized that the Italian food in the quick-service scene was not done up to

standard.”

In addition to pasta, Brotelli offers classic Italian delicacies, including espresso and pastries, primarily to those working in the downtown areas and through catering. Employees and customers alike point out the unique advantage serving pasta to-go has given Brotelli in the Italian food industry. Robbie Koeck (U2 Arts), a McGill student working at Brotelli, explained that the restaurant’s goal is to provide gourmet food and speedy service.

“The concept is, they’re trying to bridge high quality pasta, which you would expect at a top tier restaurant, with a fast-food [service],” Koeck said. “You go there, order your pasta, and, in less than three minutes, you have a nice box of high-quality pasta ready for you.”

The main challenge the Napolitanos face is the fear of becoming too repetitive and losing their customers’ attention.

To set themselves apart, Brotelli’s mission is to serve fresh, madeto-order dishes, that they update regularly.

“We took a lot of recipes from my dad’s restaurant trying to [recreate] the old [dishes] with a new touch,” Napolitano said. “We noticed we get a lot of repeating

Just do it, yourself Students in the crafting world

Vanessa Barron Contributor As frustration with consumer culture grows, some creatives are choosing to stop buying ready-made goods and to start producing objects themselves. Often referred to as the ‘Maker Movement,’ this recent trend involves creating just about anything—from knitting a scarf to forging a knife. Some participants aim to save money by making their own products, while others seek an outlet to relieve stress. The crafting industry has grown significantly within the past decade, with the largest percentage of the demographic between the ages 18 and 34.

Social media provides ample inspiration for the prospective maker.

In 2017, the most popular category on Pinterest was ‘Art & Crafts.’ The platform delivers simple and thrifty crafting ideas that are particularly appealing to a younger audience that might need visual inspiration.

Similarly, on Youtube, ‘how-to videos’ are one of the most-viewed categories on the site. One mother built an entire house using Youtube tutorials to save

money and still enjoy her dream home.

For people looking to learn a craft, a simple Google search can provide all of the necessary information to start.

The rise of do-it-yourself (DIY) culture is also attributable to a growing consciousness of the ethical impact of commercial products. Documentaries like The True Cost show that ‘fast fashion’—cheaply made, trendy clothes—often relies on exploitative labour and produces massive amounts of environmentally-harmful waste.

Phoebe Pannier, U2 Arts, sews and embroiders her own clothes, rather than buying them, as a way to combat the ethical drawbacks of the fashion industry.

“The disposability of clothing [...] really distances consumers from the objects around them,” Pannier said. “Making something for yourself allows you to deconstruct what you take for granted about material goods.”

For many makers, the act of creating something makes them more aware of the amount of work that goes into producing a single item. Corrina Greenler, U2 Arts, recently took a pottery workshop and was surprised at how much work and time was required to craft a small ceramic piece.

Brotelli Pasta Bar offers hearty pasta dishes to-go. (Gabriel Helfant/ The McGill Tribune) customers, and we don’t want them to think our menu is not changing, so [we created Pasta of the Month….] We always want to keep the best, and keep changing it up [to] keep the menu new and exciting.”

Brotelli further aims to appeal to customers by offering a lively and warm atmosphere. Those who brave the Montreal winter to trek to the restaurant are rewarded with both delicious cuisine and a friendly environment.

“What was important for us was the ambiance,” Joey Napolitano said. “We want an energetic vibe so [that when] people come down

for a coffee, dessert, or pasta, it’s a little escape from their day.”

Currently, seven of the establishment’s eight employees are McGill students who work parttime during breaks or after class. In collaborating with students from their alma mater, the Napolitano brothers have attempted to recreate a McGill community off-campus.

“The [Napolitano brothers] are basically your friends, there’s no boss-worker relationship,” Koeck said. “It’s more like [...] we’re all in this together, which makes you want to work well, not because you have to.”

Crafting offers many students an opportunity to relax and bond with their peers. (graydayshop.com)

“It made me appreciate using [something that I made] much more,” Greenler said. “It’s satisfying to know that I made something cool out of just a block of clay.”

Though DIY stands for ‘do it yourself,’ many crafters find that the process of hand-making an item can bring people together. Olivia Mendelson, U2 Arts & Sciences and the vice-president communications of the McGill Students Knitting Club explained that club meetings provide participants with an opportunity to get assistance with their knitting projects.

“It’s hard to find people to knit with, but, when people do get together and knit and talk about knitting, it creates a really amazing community atmosphere,” Mendelson said. “More experienced knitters are always there to help beginners if they run into issues.”

Some crafters find that making things connects them not only with their peers, but also with past generations. Pannier, for example, learned to knit from her grandmother.

For stressed McGill students, it might seem like there simply is not enough time to pick up a new hobby. Pannier, however, finds moments throughout the day to incorporate crafting to make mundane tasks a bit more interesting.

“I [do crafts] while I’m doing other stuff, like, if I’m listening to a lecture recording, I’ll embroider, or, if I’m in a boring work meeting, I’ll take out my knitting,” Pannier said.

Similarly, Mendelson believes that the process of making something can act as a valuable form of self-care for overwhelmed students. She finds the repetitive movements of knitting calming.

“Hands-on crafts force you to slow down and focus on what you’re doing in the moment, which isn’t something we often take the time to do, especially as busy students,” Mendelson said.

The trend of ‘doing it yourself’ simultaneously promotes a sense of individuality and of community.

Crafters come together to produce and share their creations.

“Our ancestors had to make their own stuff out of necessity, so it’s kind of a way of connecting with the past,” Greenler said. “Creating is what makes us human.”

ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT

Tuesday, february 5, 2019

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In conversation with Mich Cota

Montreal artist combines opera and Algonquin in ‘Wàsakozi’

Leo Stillinger Staff Writer

Kurt Vile

From Jan. 24 to 26, the Montréal, arts interculturels (MAI) staged Wàsakozi, an opera written and composed by Mich Cota. Cota is an Algonquin-mixed, Two-Spirit artist based in Montreal, and the debut of Wàsakozi was a milestone: It was the first recorded opera performed in Algonquin.

‘Wàsakozi’ means ‘reflection of light’ in Algonquin, and the opera told the story of an agender spirit named Odjìshìngwe, born from the confluence of light and darkness. Through interpretive dance to an ambient score rising into gorgeous melodies, Odjìshìngwe learns to walk, befriends a trickster spirit, and engages in a love affair with a metaphorical white colonizer, portrayed by a white dancer. Wàsakozi is a tale of life cycles, growth, and the contradictions and triumphs which emerge from indigenous identity.

The McGill Tribune sat down with Cota, who also plays Odjìshìngwe, a week after the final performance, to discuss the work and Cota’s own artistic identity.

Growing up in a mixed indigenous community in rural Ontario, Cota occupied herself by playing piano and singing. In fact, much of the music for Wàsakozi originated from her childhood.

“When I was about eight years old, I made the first melody for Odjìshìngwe’s song,” Cota said.

Two decades later, what had once been a simple song living inside Cota’s head grew into a collaborative project with actors, dancers, stage and costume designers, and even a string quartet. Of course, these collaborators imprinted their own magic on the performance.

“I can hear the music now and I see their movement so vividly,” Cota said.

Cota gave special praise to two of her castmates in particular, KiKi Harper and Nimikii Couchie, the two other indigenous women in the cast.

“I hadn’t met them before but I’m so glad that now we know each other,” Cota said. “They just made it next level.”

Neither woman, nor Cota herself, had prior formal training in dance.

Yet, dance is the driving visual force of Wàsakozi, from the birth dance of Odjìshìngwe to the allegorical dance of desire and death between Odjìshìngwe and a white colonist. One of the most moving moments in the work occurs as Odjìshìngwe, newly born, stumbles poetically across the stage and slowly learns to walk. Cota pulled the movement off with expert finesse.

Smile! It’s Kurt Vile and his classic folk style.

Feb. 15, 8 p.m.; Metropolis, 59 Sainte-Catherine E $38.75

Le je et le nous

Cota’s first opera dazzled at the MAI. (Jordan Minkoff) “As a child, I did some dancing in powwows, but I’m not a dancer in any kind of trained sense.” Cota said. “I just do movement.”

Music, on the other hand, is Cota’s specialty. Aside from writing the score for Wàsakozi, she released an album titled Kijà / Care last year.

Cota has always had a special relationship with music; as a child, it opened up imaginative worlds, and allowed her to express a feminine side initially silenced by her society.

“One of the secrets that one of my elders told me was about TwoSpirit people,” Cota said. “That they exist, and that I’m one of them.”

For Cota, the link between indigeneity and Two-Spirit identity has always been clear, and in the character of Odjìshìngwe, she brings these identities into a creative dialogue, showing how all identities are born from powerful, sometimes conflicting inner forces.

It might seem strange that, of all possible genres to express her selfdiscovery, Cota chose the dusty, aristocratic form of opera. Yet, Cota has been enamored with the possibilities of opera since childhood when her parents saw Phantom of the Opera and brought back the tape.

Cota enjoyed, too, the fact that she was able to put a twist on the classical, typically European form by staging the opera in Algonquin, the indigenous language she heard growing up in her community.

“It had to be in Algonquin because I had heard too many operas that were not in Algonquin,” Cota said.

This exhibition of socially conscious short documentaries features a film about workers in Montreal.

Until Mar. 2; Montréal, arts interculturels, 3680 Jeanne Mance; Free

Euripides’ Cyclops

McGill’s intrepid classics students take the stage for this bout of one-eyed entertainment.

Feb. 6-9, 8 p.m.; Theatre Sainte-Catherine Cafe Bar, 264 Sainte-Catherine E; $10 for students, $15 general public

Blackout

This play re-examines the 1969 Concordia student occupation of a university computer lab, provoking contemporary questions about race and justice.

Feb. 6-10, 8 p.m.; D.B. Clarke Theater, 1455 Boul de Maisonneuve W; $22 student rate

SSMU and ‘F WORD’ host Mental Health Coffee House

A night of poetry, music, and mental health advocacy Diana Viola Contributor On Feb. 1, McGill students gathered at the Montreal, arts interculturels (MAI) for the Mental Health Coffee House, a night of poetry, music, and mental health advocacy. The Students’ Society of McGill University (SSMU) and the feminist student publication F WORD organized the coffee house. Midnight Kitchen provided snacks and drinks, highlighting the event’s focus on community support.

The coffee house concluded the annual Mental Health Awareness Week, and provided an inclusive and safe place to share art, poetry, and its accompanying emotions without judgment.

After workshops and destress sessions held all throughout the last week of January, SSMU invited students to join the coffee house either as a performer or an audience member, bringing in over 30 attendees to watch three poets and three musicians perform.

Bee Khaleeli, one of SSMU’s mental health commissioners, explained that the ultimate goal of the coffee house and other similar events is to give students and community members the tools that they need to be proactive about their mental health. Khaleeli emphasized that events like the Mental Health Coffee House open up these conversations and foster a dialogue about students’ struggles to get help, allowing them to share their stories.

“Something that we often forget is that a lot of people go out and seek care, and they end up in desolation about the care they receive, so fostering the dialogue could be really empowering for the students,” Khaleeli said.

Similarly, Sophia Esterle, vice-president (VP) student life at SSMU, saw the Mental Health Coffee House as an antioppressive place where freedom of self-expression is the end goal.

“When we talk about Mental Health and arts it’s important to create a space that is inclusive and

safe,” Esterle said.

According to Emma Ciereszyński, coordinator of F WORD, poetry provides a language to speak against oppressive politics, and having a safe place to express this resistance is essential to one’s own mental health.

“Poetry is inherently a way of expressing yourself, and [it is] a big part of [...] participating in types of politics,” said Ciereszyński. “It is sharing your own story, your own experiences, in a space that’s safe for that. And poetry, that’s what poetry is. It is sharing your own experience in a way that feels authentic to you. It is a big part of anti-oppressive politics.”

SSMU and F WORD partnered to promote an inclusive approach to mental health that recognizes the value in difference.

“We wanted to prioritize women, queer people, [and] racialized people regarding who will be performing at this event,” Khaleeli said. “We know that these are often people that are excluded from the fine arts, performing arts, and a lot

SSMU.’s Mental Health Coffee House lit up the MAI with music and poetry.

(Athena Ko / The McGill Tribune) of mental health discourse in general. So, the relevance of the anti-oppressive politics in this event is their representation and the creation of a space that not only accepts marginalized people but very actively works up at their voices.”

Organizers expect to repeat the event next year and hope to continue the conversations that

they successfully started this year regarding poetry, arts, and mental health advocacy.

“We are fully engaged with finding practical ways to translate the conversations that we’ve just started [in] our community, whether that be advocating for better services on campus or running more targeted campaigns,” Khaleeli said.

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ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT

Tuesday, february 5, 2019

Centaur’s ‘Queer Reading Series’ celebrates new voices

Playwright’s Workshop Montreal spotlights tales of strength and resilience

Jonathan Giammaria Contributor Continued from page 1.

The protagonist’s on-the-run status was a product of a number of factors, including her exploration of sexual identity, and Kohlman showed interest in a breadth of literary themes. Her play tackled existential topics mirroring Melville’s text, such as the pursuit of cementing one’s legacy in the world.

Exits’s reading left a feeling of vulnerability for actors and audience members alike. Unfinished elements of the production were laid bare: Much of the dialogue had not yet been memorized, audio cues sometimes overpowered the actors’ voices, and, in one instance, the lead, Caitlin Cooke, broke character in response to a faulty prop. After the show, a discussion period encouraged questions and criticism from the audience, all of which were directed at Kohlmann. She responded with introspective explanations, offering insight into the decisions she made as a playwright. None of the blunders during the performance detracted from the overall experience; instead, the acting on display hinted at a show brimming with possibility, leaving the audience in high anticipation of the finished product.

Nathaniel Hanula-James’ Untitled Flamingo Play, which showed on the series’ last night, was unfinished only in name.

Because the play relied heavily on object

The Centaur’s Queer Reading Series showcases a host of up-and-coming playwrights.

(Kaitlin Wong / The McGill Tribune)

theatre, in which the characters are portrayed by props instead of actors, its ‘less-is-more’ setup made it feel fully realized; HanulaJames needed no more than a few household objects to bring an eclectic set of characters to life.

A true auteur, Hanula-James wrote and performed the reading alone. The one-man show was a foray into the mind of seven-yearold Addison, a child trying to find himself in a world full of child-like adults and adult-like children, who must ultimately seek help from a nefarious, moustache-twirling flamingo. By making self-discovery and self-affirmation the focal points of his story, Hanula-James was brazen with his exploration of queer identity. He populated the story with a cast of characters either hell-bent on tormenting the young hero or comically misguided in their attempts to clarify what it means to be gay. Each character was unique, and HanulaJames infused the dialogue with quick retorts and sly wit, often inciting hysterics from his audience by contrasting childish naiveté with adult humour.

Both stage readings broached issues affecting queer youth, namely ostracism and isolation. And, though the creators’ intents were to spark serious discussions about the challenges affecting marginalized voices, their outlooks were never pessimistic.

Sidestepping the tragic narratives so often seen in queer fiction, the creators instead stressed the importance of overcoming adversity and shared positive stories they hoped to see reflected in the real world.

Girlpool evokes the pain of transition in ‘What Chaos is Imaginary’ Pangs of adolescence cloaked through a lo-fi indie dreamscape

Alyssa Nazmi Contributor Contemporary indie bands tend to follow a well-worn formula based on monotonic, parched vocals delivering angsty lyrics over a simple, distorted guitar. Fans and critics likely expected little else from Girlpool’s newest release, What Chaos is Imaginary. The band fits all of the criteria—two teens from L.A. who got their start with a collection of compositionallybare angst ballads released on Bandcamp in 2014. The album meets expectations, but the sum of all of its ordinary alt-rock parts leaves listeners with an unexpected feeling: Not angst or a topical sadness but, rather, the feeling of returning to your childhood bedroom after a decade.

After over four years of touring and producing, What Chaos is Imaginary demonstrates the band’s maturity. The album is meticulously arranged: Tracks like “Chemical Freeze” and “Where You Sink” expand and unravel elements unfamiliar to previous Girlpool releases. The drum sequences and glimmering synth tones in these songs build to a surprising breadth of tones and textures. These choices culminate in a sound that is both technically and emotionally elegant. While still holding true to their emotional explorations of

what it means to be a young, introspective, growing person, the developments in their sound leave listeners both fearing and marvelling at life’s inherent transience.

Every song in the album conjured up a memory from a quiet suburban adolescence.

The album is unadventurous in its sound and style—a negligible flaw considering the growth and maturity it represents. It is a classic coming of age story, and, for a theme so universal, there is no need for experimental or shocking composition. Girlpool has come to know what they do best and are earnestly trying to build upon it. Lyrics like “Dressed up all depressed / in my Sunday best” in “Lucky Joke” provide the same emotional candour that resonates in earlier works. Equal parts self-critical and reflective, the title track, “What Chaos is Imaginary”, lifts listeners out of the confines of a straightforward songwriting into an ethereal, dreamlike introspection with its pounding drums and cinematic violin, like a gloomier Kate Bush. Despite stylistic nuances, all 14 tracks come together as bedroom jams; exploring the interior, What Chaos is Imaginary provides a meditative listening experience.

Gitlpool.s latest captures a wistful familiarity (bandcamp.com)

3.5/5

science & technology

tuesday, FEBRUARY 5, 2019

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Questioning the device we use to question ‘Beyond the Brain’ with David Ragsdale Yasmine Azzi Contributor To kickoff the Science Undergraduate Society’s ‘Academia Week: To Science and Beyond,’ David Ragsdale, associate professor in the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, explored questions on morality and neuroscience.

Within every human head, there is a tangible organ associated with something fundamentally intangible: The mind.

“Your brain is a physical thing,” Ragsdale said. “You can hold a brain in your hand, and it takes up space, and it weighs something [….] Your mind is something different. It doesn’t weigh anything; it doesn’t take up any space.”

Unanswered questions surrounding the mind and its relationship to the brain often cause overlaps between the fields of neuroscience and philosophy. In his work, Ragsdale attempts to answer various existential uncertainties by mapping out what the scientific community currently knows of the brain’s circuitry and components.

“There are about 100 billion neurons in our brain,” Ragsdale said. “Each one of those cells is an extremely-complex computational machine.”

Even with this elaborate mapping of the mind, brain interconnectivity is still a mystery.

“The complexity on the microscopic level is so vast that it’s hard to understand how we can ever map that and under-

stand it,” Ragsdale said.

Researchers still do not have a clear understanding of the nature of the discrepancy between the perceptions of signals and the actual reception of signals turning into thoughts.

“Why is it, that when I look up at the sky, it actually looks blue?” Ragsdale said. “How is it that, when I perceive things, those perceptions actually feel like something? There are lots of technical problems about the brain that we are addressing, but those are the problems that seem most mysterious. The problems that have to do with how we get from the things we sort of understand that the brain is doing to the things that seem so impossible for us to explain.”

Combining philosophical questions and scientific questions can drive forward the barriers of knowledge in both disciplines. Ragsdale emphasized the intersection of knowledge throughout his lecture, encouraging questions to which the answers remain unknown. “[If I could ask the universe for one thing,] I would ask if it could tell us how to represent thoughts and how to interface with other brains,” Armaan Fallali (U1 Science) said while attending the event.

The overlap of philosophy and neuroscience plays out in mundane tasks, such as picking up a cell phone or taking a bath. These actions involve free will and autonomy and are coupled with movements that evoke thoughts and feelings, showing just how complex our computational system is.

Unanswered questions surrounding the mind and its relationship to the brain often cause overlaps between the fields of neuroscience and philosophy. (tresdias.org) “You’re not just an automaton,” Ragsdale said. “There’s actually a ‘you’ inside there, and, as far as we can tell, those properties emerge from the information processing properties of the brain as well.”

Most crucially, Ragsdale stressed that we should never stop asking questions about the brain and the mind. There is still much that is unknown about how the brain perceives itself and the world around us. There are paradoxes and ambiguities but, eventually, as Ragsdale suggested, we may be able to unlock the mysteries of our own minds and finally understand our own existence.

A brain without a body Using human-derived cells to study Parkinson’s disease Stephanie Deng Contributor Parkinson’s disease affects the dopamine neurons in as many as ten million people worldwide yet, to this day, nobody has identified a concrete cause. However, science may be a step closer, as researchers have recently shown that the protein alpha synuclein detrimentally affects the brains of Parkinson’s patients. Scientists have long suspected that alpha synuclein plays a role in the disease and this discovery opens up new research avenues to better understand it.

During her presentation at the Science Undergraduate Society’s Academia Week, Nguyen-Vi Mohamed, a postdoctoral fellow at the Montreal Neurological Institute, presented her lab’s work on the future of disease modelling: Growing realistic 3D organs.

Mohamed’s lab seeks to better understand the propagation of alpha-synuclein to investigate the pathological mechanisms that drive Parkinson’s disease. To do so, they follow a simple recipe to reprogram adult cells, credited to 2012 Nobel Prize for Medicine winner Shinya Yamanaka.

The novel method takes blood samples from individuals with a genetic predisposition to Parkinson’s and uses them to generate stem cells, which can potentially become any cell of the human body.

“The development of [3D organs is] a major technological advance in the stem cell field,” Mohamed said.

“This model [represents] a bridge between traditional 2D culture and the [...] mouse model.”

Scientific researchers have been using mice for more than one hundred years because they are genetically similar to humans, as well as an array of other organisms. However, human biology is essential to fully understanding and treating medical conditions. Another popular option for research are cells grown in 2D cell cultures. Although they are human cells, these 2D cultures are still different from natural biological systems because they grow in a flat layer on a plastic surface.

Researchers like Mohamed are increasingly looking into 3D cultures, which produce organs that can attach organically to one another. These 3D culture organs, or organoids, can grow in as little as 50 days to a diameter of

The organ most relevant to grow for the study of Parkinson’s is the brain. (newsroom.edu..ucla) four millimetres. Their increased complexity allows for a wide range of cell types that researchers can observe to determine their involvement in pathologies like Parkinson’s.

The organ most relevant to grow for the study of Parkinson’s is the brain. Mohamed’s work on creating small, human brain-like organs joins other recent research, including a 2013 study outlining the first cerebral organoid model.

Researchers soon followed this development in 2016 with the formation of an organoid model specific to the midbrain, a region where dopaminergic neurons, which are lost in patients with Parkinson’s, are found in abundance.

Future work will focus on the fusion between a minibrain derived from a patient with Parkinson’s and that of a healthy individual to study the effects of alpha synuclein in a healthy system. More broadly, the formation of a fully-

functional brain in absence of a body opens doors to the study of other neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer’s and autism.

Mohamed’s ultimate goal is to integrate her model into drug-screening platforms. The future of pharmacological research exists at the intersection between traditional methods and these newer 3D models.

In addition to gender, ethnicity, and genetics, one of the risk factors for Parkinson’s disease is age. Since minibrains have the capacity to age naturally, Mohamed hopes to make scientific breakthroughs in organoid ageing.

“It’s [an] exceptional kind of work,” Karina Paliotti (U3 Science) said. “I think it’s really cool [and] I think there’s a lot of hope [that] a lot of [good could] come out of it in the future.”

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science & technology

tuesday, FEBRUARY 5, 2019

Breaking down the barriers to genetic data sharing Building an infrastructure for computational data sharing in Canada Ronny Litvack-Katzman Staff Writer The emerging field of computational genomics, which uses statistical analysis to unpack the plethora of information harboured inside the human genome, is complicated. The sheer amount of data that comprises the human genome is massive. Meanwhile, the pressure is high: With more people turning to their genes for answers to medical questions, the genomics community faces the seemingly-impossible challenge of cataloguing the world’s genetic information into practical and accessible systems. Enter CanDIG. The Canadian Distributed Infrastructure for Genomics (CanDIG) is a multi-institutional research cohort that has begun the lengthy process of creating an infrastructure for genomic analysis at the national level. Their mandate is to make genomic data user-friendly through a combination of cutting-edge computational methods and a focus on the public policy of genetic research.

The Canadian medical data sharing system is already stretched to its limits. Hospitals and research centres, which are the current gatekeepers of Canadians’ genetic information, function independently without the ability to share data. The CanDIG team, which brings together geneticists and policy makers from McGill and other institutions across Canada, wants to become a central hub for genomics data collection, using software to relay information in the form of open queries.

“The objective is to connect these vast databases through a patchwork of successful systems across various networks,” Guillaume Bourque, one of the designers of CanDIG and associate professor in McGill’s Department of Human Genetics, said.

The technical challenges of unifying national access to genetic data are only matched by the troubling implications

of the social experiment that is big data in the 21st century.

“Politically, it is challenging,” Yann Joly, a member of the CanDIG team and associate professor in the Department of Human Genetics as well as the Bioethics unit, said. “When you have these projects where many hospitals and provinces are collaborating, many of them want to retain control of their patients and their data. There is a real reluctance to release that control.”

The privacy of Canadians who are willing to share their genetic information is a top concern for the CanDIG leadership.

“The point is to make research possible,” Joly said. “At the same time, we must protect data so that there is no identifying information that leads back to the person who supplied it.”

In the wake of large data breaches such as the FacebookCambridge Analytica data scandal, public concern over the safety of personal data is growing. Genomic data, which can be linked back to a person through their DNA, presents a sizeable security risk. “[What] we don’t want is [for] people to lose trust in AI and become unwilling to share their data,” Joly said. “For these things to work and be effective, you need to have thousands of genomes and, with that, the trust of people who rely on the infrastructure.”

Looking forward, CanDIG is a partnering with the Common Infrastructure for National Cohorts in Europe, Canada, and Africa (CINECA), an intercontinental data collaboration project attempting to connect systems such as CanDIG to partners in the European Union and Africa.

“We are trying to develop and contribute to global standards of genomic data collection and use,” Bourque said.

The Canadians face further challenges while trying to integrate into European regulations, which have become increasingly stringent in recent years.

“For everything to interoperate, you need some type of standards,” Bourque said. “To create standards, you need everyone to agree.”

New European data laws risk strong-arming Canada and other nations into compliance, or else risk any prospects of integration.

McGill’s Genome Innovation Centre, is one of three Canadian institutions involved in CanDIG, the Canadian Distributed Infrastructure for Genomics. (Cordelia Cho / The McGill Tribune)

DOvEE project aims to detect ovarian cancer earlier MUHC Director Lucy Gilbert faults misdiagnoses and sexism Erin Dwyer Contributor In Canada, deaths from gynecological cancers have steadily decreased over the past three decades. As women are no longer heavily exposed to carcinogenic dyes in clothing and early detection programs have improved, detecting cervical and uterine cancers has slowly become less of a priority for gynecologists.

However, ovarian cancer continues to have mortality rates that are twice as high as any other reproductive cancer. In fact, according to Lucy Gilbert, director of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Gynecologic Oncology Division, there are proportionally more women dying of ovarian cancer in Montreal than from cervical cancer in the whole of Canada.

Gilbert explained how a number of factors, such as advanced stage diagnosis, have stalled the reduction in ovarian cancer mortality statistics. In such cases, the outlook is bleak.

“These cancers spread, disseminate, and metastasize before the patient develops symptoms or can be detected by imaging,” Gilbert said. “With chemotherapy, we have been able to prolong life from 18 months to 3 years […] but they [still] die of the disease.

Even in cases where a patient displays symptoms, physicians often blame menopause, which can overshadow critical diagnosis periods for older women.

“Many women come along, and they have been bleeding for ages, they have pain, they have gone to [a] primary care physician, and they are told ‘oh, it’s the menopause,’” Gilbert said.

Gilbert also identified other gender-based obstacles in the fight against reproductive cancer mortality rates. She be-

Ovarian cancer has mortality rates more than double that of any other reproductive cancer. (everydayhealth.com) lieves that implicit sexism within the walls of institutions has delayed scientific contributions to women’s health. “[Many] older women do not have a lot of disposable income and power; therefore, because these cancers affect older women, they are neglected,” Gilbert said.

Gilbert is dedicated to improving the outcome for women with ovarian cancer through earlier detection.

“I started the DOvEE [Diagnosing Ovarian and Endometrial Cancers Early] project because I felt [that] by giving access, by improving awareness of symptoms, and reducing the number of roadblocks in seeking help [...we] would be able to improve cure rates,” Gilbert said.

Gilbert’s program has opened five clinics in Quebec that provide free, immediate testing for women displaying symptoms. She quickly realized that focusing on women’s ovaries while testing was insufficient for making diagnoses in time.

“We were concentrating on giving [an] ultrasound of the ovaries,” Gilbert said. “But the vast majority of ovarian cancers are not actually ovarian cancers. They start in the fallopian tubes.”

The DOvEE program succeeded in diagnosing women in an earlier phase of stage three that was often still completely resectible, but Gilbert and her colleagues are hoping for an even earlier standard of detection.

In partnership with researchers at Johns Hopkins University, Gilbert recently evaluated the effectiveness of a technology called PapSEEK, which analyzes pap smear fluid for cancer-related genetic mutations. However, she has concerns about the technology’s availability.

“Unless [PapSEEK] is accessible and affordable to countries, and lends itself to automation and testing, you cannot have an impact on reducing mortality,” Gilbert said.

The technology must also align with the current diagnostic circumstances of ovarian cancer.

“We will not make an impact on this disease unless women over 50 are willing to go and have it done every two years, so it must be even more comfortable,” Gilbert said.

These concerns led the DOvEE project to grow into DOvEEgene, an ovarian cancer-detection technology developed at the MUHC that is in the pre-clinical trial phase.

Gilbert hopes to secure funding for the clinical trial in the coming years.

While the DOvEE program and its offspring are making strides in mediating the gender gap in diagnostic oncology, Gilbert warned that continued neglect for women’s health could be detrimental to society—a notion familiar to women but seemingly novel to those funding medical research.

“Older women contribute a lot to the fabric of society,” Gilbert said. “They are critical for holding families together, and they support structure.”

The DOvEE Project is looking for students interested in raising awareness about ovarian cancer. If interested, please contact Gilbert at lucy.gilbert@mcgill.ca.

sports

TUESDAY, february 5, 2019

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Behind the Bench: Baseball can do better to honour Jackie Robinson Lack of activism against racial injustice from MLB Miya Keilin Sports Editor On Jan. 31, Jackie Robinson, immortalized in baseball history as the first black player to play in the MLB in over 60 years, would have celebrated his 100th birthday. Baseball has come a long way since Robinson’s major league debut on April 15, 1947. Though the legendary Dodgers second baseman is remembered for his courage and his advocacy for civil rights, the league must do more to honour his legacy.

Since his death, the MLB took easy—but still honourable—steps toward commemoration. In 1997, 25 years after Robinson’s death, then-acting commissioner Bud Selig announced that every MLB team would retire Robinson’s iconic number 42.

Seven years later, the league held its first annual Jackie Robinson Day, and, since 2009, every player, manager, and umpire has worn a number 42 jersey on April 15 in his honour.

In 2019, the MLB will celebrate Jackie Robinson Day as they have for the last 14 years. They will hail him as a courageous hero and condemn the prejudice he faced throughout his career. However, these gestures do Robinson a disservice, however: Racism is still alive and well in baseball.

Black men made up less than 19 per cent of players in 1981, and that number is

MLB needs to step up to truly honour Dodger legend Jackie Robinson. (sabr.org)

steadily declining: In 2018, the mark sat at just eight per cent on Opening Day. These figures are equally lackluster in the dugout and clubhouse. Currently, only four of 30 managers and two of 28 general managers belong to racial minorities. Further, baseball fans are, on average, less racially diverse than their football and basketball counterparts, with more than 80 per cent of them being white.

Professional baseball has often assumed an apolitical stance, shying away from

involvement in social issues.

Such apathy stems from the lack of diversity in baseball culture and contributes to an environment where outspokenness is frowned upon. To the average baseball fan, players are not unique people with thoughts or feelings or personalities; they exist solely for the fan’s entertainment, the team’s success, and as commodities of the greater MLB machine.

Momentum from Robinson’s actions 72 years ago is insufficient to defeat the bigotry that still exists in baseball today. The MLB, claiming its efforts to increase diversity have been successful, is still donating thousands of dollars to racist congresspeople, like Cindy Hyde-Smith, to help keep minor league salaries below minimum wage. They also let offensive gestures and messages go unpunished.

There are a few players, like Nationals pitcher Sean Doolittle and Orioles outfielder Adam Jones, who have explicitly addressed racial issues. Still, the vast majority of players keep quiet. Both the NBA and NFL are predominantly black, which can make it more difficult for those leagues and fans to ignore players’ protests, especially when players speak out together. Baseball, on the other hand, despite having a greater percentage of Latino and Asian players than other professional leagues, is a white man’s sport.

Players of colour are more heavily criticized by front offices, the media, and fans, and they are more likely than their white counterparts to face backlash for political comments. Thus, it is the responsibility of white players to support their non-white peers and speak out against injustice in baseball and broader society.

Change is possible for the MLB. League and team executives must realize that there are easy, actionable first steps to take, such as banning racist celebrations and replacing commentators who make offensive remarks, to help make the baseball community more inclusive. Players need to recognize that they are allowed to have a voice on social issues and take a stand for what they believe is right, just as Robinson did.

“As I write this twenty years later, I cannot stand and sing the anthem,” Robinson wrote in his autobiography I Never Had it Made. “I cannot salute the flag; I know that I am a black man in a white world. In 1972, in 1947, at my birth in 1919, I know that I never had it made.”

Somehow, in 2019, these words still ring true. It’s up to the MLB, and its players, to help change the status quo and truly honour Robinson’s legacy.

Changing the game: Increasing competition in professional sports The McGill Tribune recommends three rule changes Gabe Nisker, Kaja Surborg, and Mitchell Bannon Sports Editor, Staff Writer, and Contributor

Fixing the flaw in NFL OT rules

Gabe Nisker Some of the NFL’s biggest games come to anticlimactic finishes, with stars like Patrick Mahomes stuck on the sidelines because of the current overtime rules. As it stands, if the team that starts with the ball in overtime scores a touchdown on their initial drive, the game is over—before the other team gets a chance on offence. It’s clear that the NFL needs a new overtime rule.

Slate’s Nick Greene landed on the perfect solution: The California tiebreaker.

The California Interscholastic Federation was the first to use the tiebreaker for high school games in 1968. The premise is simple: Team A wins the coin toss and starts with the ball.

After they run their first play, Team B, going the other way, takes over from the spot on the field where the first play ended. Each team gets four tries to make the most progress down the field in their direction, and whoever gains the most yardage wins the game.

While this format may eliminate scoring in overtime, it raises the stakes for both teams.

Passes need to be completed, runs need to gain yards, and defences need to make stops.

As pressure mounts toward a climactic final play, both teams will get their shot, and, in this version of overtime, the winner is whoever can make the most of their final plays.

Capping European soccer to redirect investment Kaja Surborg

European soccer clubs offer outrageous deals to attract top men’s players and, consequently, win leagues and make money, all the while investing nothing in their women’s teams. Establishing a salary cap in Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) leagues would prevent teams from putting up offers for players that are worth more than their entire annual investment in their women’s team. For instance, if FC Barcelona did not have to pay Lionel Messi $667,000 a week to prevent him from transferring to another club, that money could help fund their women’s team. If teams across the continent followed suit, they could start evening the playing field for women’s soccer. Europe already has some of the best female players in the world; with more resources, they might actually get the pay and attention that they deserve.

Salary caps alone likely won’t ensure this reinvestment, but, in combination with policies from UEFA that require the reallocation of profits into women’s and youth teams, they would help.

Instituting salary caps would also help balance out the men’s leagues. Currently, the same few clubs rotate through the top spots while the rest of the league is ignored.

Salary caps would prevent rich teams from buying their way to the top every year and make the competition more exciting.

In their 2019 AFC championship loss, Patrick Mahomes and the Kansas City Chiefs could have benefitted from an NFL overtime rule change. (Jay Biggerstaff / USA Today Sports)

Out with pitchers hitting; in with the universal DH

Mitchell Bannon Hitting a 73-mm ball with a 66-mm bat is a difficult feat. It is so difficult that even the best MLB hitters are only successful just over 30 per cent of the time. Nonetheless, half of Major League Baseball is stuck in the past, forcing pitchers to hit, or at least attempt to.

The American League does not force their pitchers to hit, instead allowing for a designated hitter to hit in the pitcher’s place.

On their journey to the big leagues, most major league pitchers are not required to hit, and many haven’t picked up a bat since their high school days, well before their arrival in the National League. For

every Madison Bumgarner, a surprisinglycompetent pitcher-hitter, there are a hundred pitchers who go up to bat just to strike out on three pitches. Even worse are the consequences of forcing pitchers to hit, like Cardinals pitcher Adam Wainwright’s horrific Achilles injury in 2015. In 2018, Major League pitchers had an atrocious .115 batting average, less than half the league average, and far from high enough to warrant the risk involved with stepping into the batter’s box.

Some may be entertained by watching pitchers hit, but only in a can’t-look-away kind of way. It is far from the pinnacle of professional athletics that Major League Baseball aims to promote. The National League should acknowledge a changed game and finally embrace the designated hitter.

16

sports

TUESDAY, february 5, 2019

Tremblay scores overtime winner to complete comeback win McGill men’s hockey defeats UOIT in final regular-season home game

Kaja Surborg Staff Writer

After a win on Friday and a loss on Saturday, McGill slots in third in the OUA East. (Keli Geers / The McGill Tribune)

On Feb. 1, the McGill men’s hockey team (16-11) defeated the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT) (13-13) Ridgebacks in an exciting 3-2 overtime win.

Despite a slow start to the game, McGill opened scoring in the first period with a goal from second-year defenceman Nikolas Brouillard assisted by fourth-year defenceman Dominic Talbot-Tassi and first-year defenceman Johnatan Legault.

“We had a little bit of a rough start,” firstyear defenceman Taylor Ford said. “They were

kind of all over us. We expected that, because we won last time, we were there, but we found a way to win, and that’s all that counts.”

The second period saw two Ridgeback goals, but McGill continued to create scoring opportunities. The home side recorded 12 shots in the second period, while UOIT took eight.

Entering the third period, McGill remained persistent in front of the OUIT net with 10 shots to the Ridgebacks’ five. With two minutes left in the game and the score sitting at 2-1 in UOIT’s favour, McGill pulled thirdyear goaltender Louis-Philip Guindon to put an

extra skater on the ice. Fourth-year centre and captain Jerome Verrier scored the equalizing goal almost immediately with an assist from third-year defenceman Nathanael Halbert and second-year forward Michael Cramarossa, sending the game into overtime.

Three minutes into the overtime period, third-year right wing Samuel Tremblay, assisted by Talbot-Tassi and second-year forward Keanu Yamamoto, capitalized on a power play to secure the 3-2 home ice victory for McGill.

McGill currently sits third in the OUA East and has secured its spot in the OUA playoffs. “[We’re] confident,” Ford said. “We’ve had a couple good games where we’re playing really good hockey [....] If we can keep doing what we’re doing, we’ll be heading into [the] playoffs in the right shape.”

After a loss to Concordia on Feb. 2, McGill could finish anywhere between second and sixth in the conference.

“We have [a] strong tradition and history of being toward the top of the conference,” Associate Coach Liam Heelis said. “We’re not there now, but it’s going to be nice coming in [on] a different avenue than normal, and our guys are really excited.”

The playoffs will certainly present unique challenges, but the team is optimistic about this final stretch of the season.

“Once [the] playoffs come around, the intensity gets a little bit higher,” Ford said.

“If we can keep doing what we’re doing and

getting better in practice, I think we’ll be good.”

Heelis spoke to the team’s progression since the winter break.

“Our guys [...] have really come together in the new year,” Heelis said. “We’ve been building on our success each and every week, and we’re really excited for [the] playoffs quickly approaching.”

This was the final home game of the regular season for McGill, and, with six wins in their last 10 games, the team is looking strong going into their final game of the season on Feb. 9 against the Queen’s Gaels (18-8).

MOMENT OF THE Game

In the final minutes of the third period, fourth-year centre Jerome Verrier tied the game to force an overtime period, giving McGill a chance to claim victory in their final home game of the regular season.

QUOTABLE

“Our guys were really able to just stick to the process of the game plan and found a way to tie things up at the end.” Associate Coach Liam Heelis on the last minute comeback for McGill.

STAT CORNER

McGill played a strong offensive game, outshooting the Ridgebacks 31-20.

McGill men’s basketball breezes past Laval 66-53 McGill wins three straight games as they approach the post-season Shaun Lalani Contributor On Jan. 31, at Love Competition Hall, the McGill men’s basketball team (6-5) trounced the Laval Rouge et Or (5-6) to extend their second-place lead over Laval in the RSEQ standings. The two sides put up an entertaining display for the 271 fans in attendance for the annual Bell Let’s Talk event. McGill Athletics handed out hats as a means of spreading awareness and fighting stigma surrounding mental health among student athletes.

Laval opened the game with a quick start, taking a nine-point lead before McGill could score a single basket. McGill struggled at first as they fumbled rebounds and bounced shot after shot off the backboard. Finally, McGill managed to end Laval’s run courtesy of fifthyear guard Avery Cadogan. Second-year guard Jamal Mayali pulled McGill even closer with a layup assisted by fifth-year forward Noah Daoust. The Rouge et Or, however, halted the McGill offensive, closing the first quarter with a score of 19-12.

Determined to climb back from the deficit, McGill started the second quarter assertively.

First-year guard Quarry Whyne executed a perfect fake into a jump shot. Whyne repeated the move, this time following the fake with a layup. As the crowd came alive, Cadogan sunk a three-pointer. On the defensive end, Daoust shined, keeping the game close with a strong block and rebound. Moments later, he made a layup to give McGill the lead. A Whyne

three-pointer swished through the hoop as the buzzer sounded to bring the second period to a close, with McGill leading 31-26.

McGill kicked off an exciting third quarter with a three-pointer from first-year guard Anthony Fisiru. Second-year guard Sam Jenkins then combined with Daoust three times as part of a 10-point McGill run. McGill sailed into the final quarter with an 18-point lead.

In the final frame, a resurgent Laval tested McGill. The Rouge et Or fought back with passion, going on a 13-0 run to cut the McGill lead to seven. During this run, McGill lost Cadogan to injury, and he did not return for the remainder of the game. With the pressure mounting and the team without one of their most trusted veterans, McGill rose to the occasion. An inspired Daoust again chipped in with a pair of three-pointers, finishing the game with 15 points, as McGill closed the game to take the 66-53 win.

“For the most part, we were successful, we ran our offence and made a lot of good decisions,” Head Coach David DeAveiro said.

“We got in situations where we got a little tired, and they got some momentum, but we made some good shots and killed the game.”

In recognition of the game’s unique significance, DeAveiro reiterated the importance of mental health awareness in sports.

“It wasn’t even an issue back in my days [as a player],” DeAveiro said. “It was needed back then, but we didn’t recognize it [....] We

McGill guard Sam Jenkins rises to take a three-point shot in their win over Laval. (Miya Keilin / The McGill Tribune) have to be aware of it. You gotta be there for your kids.”

MOMENT OF THE Game With five games left in the regular season, McGill will look First-year guard Quarry Whyne stole the show to make up ground on first-place in the second quarter after performing a series of Concordia. Second-year point remarkable fakes and sinking two consecutive shots. guard JJ Hamel-Carey is looking QUOTABLE forward to their last matchup.

“Big games, I’m born for “If you’re part of the [...] team, really, it builds that, I live for that,” Hamel-Carey bonds and relationships. We’ve done a good job of said. “If you’re a baller and don’t being connected as brothers, [...] so if anybody feels want to play in the big games, down, it’s our job to help out.” – JJ Hamel-Carey then you’re not really a basketball on how teammates build a supportive locker room player.” atmosphere.

In McGill and Laval’s STAT CORNER rematch on Feb. 2, the Rouge et Or came out on top 73-65. McGill Noah Daoust (15), Quarry Whyne (11), and will visit the UQAM Citadins (5Sam Jenkins (11) all registered double figures in 6) on Feb. 7. scoring.