Āpōpō Journal by McGuinness Institute

Āpōpō Journal Mā te matapae te wāheke e whakatere Navigating the future with foresight

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Āpōpō is a journal to help you on your journey to record the next 40 years and, in doing so, to learn more about yourself, your community and your country. The journal has been designed by the McGuinness Institute not for one specific year but for the next 40, so pick it up and use it any time from 2019–2058. Revisit it when you need to realign your goals or when you’re looking for inspiration. Whatever you do, make it your own. The two ideas that set the purpose for the journal are Āpōpō (the title) and Matariki (the stars on the cover). Āpōpō Tomorrow Āpōpō is a te reo Māori word for tomorrow. It was chosen as the journal’s title to illustrate the idea of looking to the future (foresight) while remaining in the present (insight) and reflecting on the past (hindsight). The traditional Māori concept of time is cyclic, fluid and dynamic. The past and the future are bound together in a spiralling koru. Āpōpō literally means tomorrow but also refers to moving towards pō, which means night/darkness. Pō was a time for whānau to sit together under the stars and share, learn, and explore the past, present and future. Matariki The eyes of the god ‘Matariki is more than a cluster of stars that marks the changing of the season and the winter solstice. It is more than an environmental indicator that predicts the new season’s growth, and it is more than a symbol of unity, togetherness and hope. Matariki is greater than its connection to new life and its remembrance of the deceased. Matariki transcends boundary, religion, political agenda and even race. Matariki has different meanings for different people, and in a new age it has become a marker, not only of culture but also of national identity.’ Excerpt from Matariki: The star of the year by Dr Rangi Matamua

McGuinness Institute Te Hononga Waka The McGuinness Institute was founded in 2004 as a non-partisan think tank working towards a sustainable future for New Zealand. Led by Chief Executive Wendy McGuinness, the Institute undertakes research and analysis with a view to contributing to a national conversation on New Zealand’s long-term future. The Institute’s work is guided by a commitment to sustainability, fairness, inclusiveness, practicality and relationships. ISBN 978-1-98-851897-8 (hardback), December 2018 www.mcguinnessinstitute.org and www.apoponz.org

How to use this journal For easy navigation, Āpōpō has been divided into five sections: How To (grey pages). Pages 2–21 This section is written by Wendy McGuinness to share foresight tools gained from studying the future and insights from participants attending the Institute’s youth workshops. The aim is to help you reflect on your past, observe the present and shape your future. To Record (white pages). Pages 22–153 This section offers blank monthly and weekly planning pages for you to reflect on your thoughts over the next 40 years. It also provides yearly calendars to take you through to 2058. Each date includes an event from New Zealand’s history and at the bottom of each page is a whakaaro. Dotted grid pages are also provided for sketches and notes. Go To (grey pages). Pages 154–169 This section briefly discusses an assortment of practical skills in areas such as accommodation, finance, safety, self-care and tax. It also provides opportunities for you to add lists of key information you might like to keep in one place. To Know (white pages). Pages 170–187 This section gives an overview of how you can engage with and understand the major aspects of New Zealand’s political and governance systems. Time Capsule (cream pages). Pages 188–220 This section acts as a time capsule for you to chronicle your thoughts, inspirations and experiences.

Ella Reilly, 2018

He Arataki By Wendy McGuinness, 2018

Dreams and ambitions propel us forward. Unfortunately, it’s normal to have many times in our lives when we cannot seem to find or connect to a dream or ambition. I treat these moments as pauses in my life: times to reconsider options and reconnect. They can be opportunities to develop new dreams and ambitions, or a chance to observe and enjoy life at a particular point in time. This journal is designed to help you with this process – both to propel you forward and to help you take time to pause and reflect. In this section of Āpōpō Journal, I share what I have learnt about foresight while navigating the first ten years of the McGuinness Institute’s 50year project, Project 2058. We started Project 2058 in 2008 as a way of exploring New Zealand’s long-term future. This journal has been published to commemorate the ten-year anniversary of the project. It seemed timely to create a 40-year journal that provides foresight tools for individuals, families and communities to use to explore and engage with the future. Navigating the future with foresight Futures thinking is never finished. It’s not about analysing a single event or even a range of events, it’s about understanding the wider ecosystem we live in and how this might change over time. The future needs to be understood before it can be navigated, and the concepts of ‘probable, possible and preferred futures’ can help with this. Studying the future develops our thinking, creates opportunities and broadens perceptiveness (the ability to see connections between things), better equipping us to anticipate and respond to the complexities ahead. Futurists study the future in much the same way as historians study the past. In reality, we are all futurists. Each of us brings our own set of assumptions and expectations to the study of the future. Being both curious and sceptical allows us to test our thinking and be open to different perspectives, which in turn enables us to engage with issues early (in futurist terms: forward engagement) and work to resolve them for ourselves, our whānau and our communities. In a way, Aotearoa New Zealand was founded on the idea of navigating with foresight. The Polynesian explorer Kupe (see page 2) navigated

his way to New Zealand from Hawaiki in a waka. After sighting Spirits Bay off the coast of northern Aotearoa, he greeted it by reaching up, clenching his hand and calling out ‘kapowairua’ to grasp the spirit of the land. From that time many more waka arrived, and later other vessels such as large sailing ships, bringing a diverse range of people wanting a better life for themselves and their children. Today we welcome many different nationalities to our shores. For me this illustrates what makes New Zealand special: we have the curiosity and courage of explorers, and the passion and idealism of dreamers. This positions us well as a society to navigate the exciting and challenging future that lies ahead. If I have concerns about the future, I think of the amazing young people I have met, either as staff at the Institute or as participants at our youth workshops. New Zealand is wellplaced to weather the storms that lie ahead. Developing foresight skills can help swing the odds in our favour by turning challenges into opportunities, minimising harm and maximising wellbeing. Probable, possible and preferred futures Studying the future means understanding that there is not one future, but many futures. There is a probable future, possible futures and a preferred future. At its core, futures thinking is about these three types of futures. The illustration on pages 6–7 outlines how these ideas fit together. In much the same way historians aim to understand and record ‘a past’, futurists aim to understand and share ‘many futures’. This is illustrated by the cone diagram below. Both rely on information and imagination, but historians tend to have more information and therefore require less imagination.

Some futurists refuse to engage with the notion of a preferred future because they do not want to fall into the trap of making assumptions or being either overly optimistic or overly pessimistic. Instead they focus on exploring a probable future and/or a range of possible futures. Sometimes we become so fixated on a preferred future that we are no longer able to consider a wider range of possible futures. This can happen in our personal lives (e.g. parents and teachers convince themselves they know the best career choices for young people), in business (e.g. investors convince themselves that the market is sound) and in public policy (e.g. governments convince themselves that a policy solution is working). To avoid falling into the trap of being overly optimistic or pessimistic, we must be curious and open to different ideas by researching widely, thinking broadly and long-

term, focusing on causes and consequences, and seeking out different views. Exploring probable and possible futures can help us to navigate the future by providing us with a shared way to explore, examine, understand, discuss and maximise our future outcomes. Scenario development is a tool futurists use to build pictures of future worlds that they can then share and discuss. There are a number of ways to develop scenarios – too many to cover here. In summary, scenarios can be designed to be quite narrow (e.g. the future of transport until 2058) or quite broad (e.g. the future of New Zealand). Futurists tend to create three or four distinctive possible worlds and often give each world a name. It is important to remember that these are not predictions, they are scenarios designed to show how a range of events might play out if they were to occur. Creating scenarios is much harder than you might expect. Each scenario should be distinctive so that together a range of scenarios challenge your thinking and inform your decision-making. For example, if there is something we want to prevent or manage, we can use the insights from a range of scenarios to motivate ourselves to bring about change. There is a place for having a preferred future. Understanding what kind of future you want can be a powerful tool for change. For instance, preferred futures are useful because they can be back-cast. For example, if you want to be the Prime Minister of New Zealand you can work backwards from that point to the present to explore how to get there. You also can have many preferred futures, like a Plan B for when Plan A is no longer feasible. Our first workshop In 2011 the Institute hosted the StrategyNZ workshop, at which Sir Paul Callaghan was the keynote speaker. It was in this speech that Sir Paul articulated his vision of making New Zealand ‘a place where talent wants to live’. This vision was about both innovation and empowering young people. His vision has since become a driving force behind the Institute’s work. Youth workshops Each of our youth workshops from 2011 to 2017 either directly or indirectly explored New Zealand’s futures through the lens of young New Zealanders. Having workshop participants between 18 and 25 years of age meant that their observations acted as a probe into the future of New Zealand. The workshops are usually held in collaboration with the New Zealand Treasury with presentations at Parliament or Government House. Our intention in hosting the workshops is to provide an empowering experience that builds participants’ knowledge of themselves and how they work with one another. We also try and build capability and, most importantly, create a space for participants to develop a shared voice. I learnt about the importance of connecting with my dreams and ambitions early in life, and was reminded of the importance of this at the 2013 LivingStandardsNZ workshop the Institute hosted with the New Zealand Treasury. The participants wanted to find a way to communicate their statement about determining higher living standards with a metaphor. To achieve this, they considered perspectives from the individual through to society as a whole. Their ideas are explained in the LivingStandardsNZ workshop booklet.

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‘Everyone has the right to achieve satisfaction in life. This satisfaction is felt in a variety of ways, unique to the individual. In life, each individual has their own personal dreams and aspirations that they race to achieve, whether this is to become a millionaire or to retire spending their days fishing on Lake Taupo. Importantly everyone’s journey is unique; it is not linear but instead is influenced by a range of diverse and interwoven events, leading to numerous changes in direction before the goal is finally reached.’ Participants were concerned that ‘not everyone starts at the starting line together’. To illustrate how connecting to and achieving your dreams and ambitions can be seen as a race, they came up with the diagram below:

‘However, some start ahead of the line, due to being born into wealth and status where education and connections provide an insider advantage. Others start behind the line, as a result of poverty, poor health or conflict, which in turn limits resources and options. In other words, even if two people undertake a similar journey to achieve comparable dreams and ambitions, one is likely to be significantly more advantaged than the other (demonstrated by the dotted line). The [person] on the bottom without the dotted line symbolises the most disadvantaged; those that cannot see a path ahead, as they are so busy surviving they do not even realise there is a race being run.’ When I asked these young people more about the person in the bottom left of the diagram, I learnt that they were a friend who left school early to earn money for their family or to look after a relative – someone too busy with the needs and demands of the day-to-day to have time to dream, let alone time to connect with their ambitions. This was further supported by the 2015 TacklingPovertyNZ youth workshop where one of the speakers, Dr Carwyn Jones, noted that people experiencing poverty have to focus on urgent issues like food, clothing, accommodation and health. This significantly reduces their ‘bandwidth’ – their ability to consider other less urgent but still important issues. An important part of creating ‘a place where talent wants to live’ is ensuring we have civic education in our schools and in our work places. The Institute believes New Zealand is experiencing a ‘civic knowledge gap’ – a form of information inequality. Those who do not have knowledge of how to share their views are less likely to have their views taken

into consideration. Workshops that led to detailed discussion of civic education included EmpowerNZ (2012), LocalNZ (2014), LongTermNZ (2012) and WakaNZ (2017). Investing in civic education will propel everyone forward, enabling us to create the future we want to see for ourselves and our communities. It is in everyone’s best interests to have an informed society, because this will help to build a kinder, more diverse, more creative society capable of becoming an economic and antifragile powerhouse. Previous generations have worked hard to develop a set of principles and rules for New Zealanders to follow. To help address the civic knowledge gap, this journal includes a section called ‘To Know’, which covers some of the key elements of civic knowledge raised by workshop participants (see pages 170–187). Foresight terms Dreaming allows us to envisage different versions of the future. Ambition enables us to select one version and consider how to make it a reality. Drawing clear distinctions between frequently used foresight terms can help make this process easier. The difference between expectations and goals In my view, expectations should be seen for what they are – a belief that something will happen. We need to be very aware of what we expect and, if what we expect is important, we should turn it into a goal so that we can work out how to achieve it. A goal, on the other hand, is about what we want, not what we expect. It might be learning a trade, getting a degree, having a family, getting a promotion or becoming a professional sportsperson. Our goals change over time and often only become clear with hindsight. This is when it becomes important to manage ourselves to last the distance and be responsive to change. If that inner energy and drive to push forward is missing, it is worthwhile taking time to step back and apply foresight skills, revisit our reasons for setting the goal in the first place, and reconnect with the positive character traits that inspire us (see page 163). Often this process is enough to propel me forward, as it reminds me not only what achieving this goal will deliver but what character traits I will need to call upon to achieve the goal. However, it’s not possible to succeed every time we try something. If the goal is very important to me, I persevere. There are also times when I take a step back and decide not to progress a specific goal. Knowing when to push forward (and when to not), seems a mixture of good luck and experience, but learning from your mistakes (or the mistakes of others) can be extremely useful. The time capsule worksheets at the back of this journal are designed to help you revisit your goals and reset your expectations as needed. There is a great deal of luck involved in life and it can be difficult when what you expect to happen does not come to pass, or when a goal you planned to achieve cannot be reached. Failure is the reality of a life lived to the fullest. When we fail (and we all do), it’s better to fail fast so that we can learn, recover and try again. I fail a lot and have learnt more from my failures than my successes. I suggest that if you have two failures in a row, go out and do something you enjoy. Three failures in a row can be hard to deal with, but humour can

help, and so does time. My take on this is to accept that life is a journey, be ambitious and work hard but also be kind to yourself and to others. If you are going to be ambitious, develop a sense of humour and be kind. The difference between a strategy and a plan Sometimes it can seem like strategies and plans are the same thing, but the difference is in their focus. Developing a strategy involves exploring different approaches or options for solving a problem or taking advantage of an opportunity, whereas a plan is a list of specific actions with details such as who is responsible for which tasks and over what time frames. We often prepare a plan too early, when instead we should be putting more effort into identifying and assessing the full range of strategic options. The difference between emerging issues and trends Issues that have the potential to have a high level of impact but have low awareness in society are often called emerging issues. Emerging issues become trends when there is both further evidence that the issue is significant and growing awareness and acceptance by the general public that a trend now exists. This is illustrated in the diagram below. Known Challenges and opportunities Trends

Not known

Emerging issues Time

To identify an emerging issue, you might observe something that indicates that something else might happen, but which hardly anyone else knows about. Alternatively, you might see a connection between one event and another that no one else sees. It is helpful to keep in mind that not all issues and trends are problems; they can also be opportunities. For example, entrepreneurs may see an opportunity to solve an emerging issue with a new product or service. Some change can be gradual while other change can be incremental or abrupt. A few examples of patterns of change are illustrated opposite. When trying to understand emerging issues or trends, these patterns can help describe the type of change you see. An example of linear change might be food consumption (as the population grows, so does food consumption). The famous example of exponential growth used in futures studies is Mooreâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s law, whereby the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles every two years. Change that occurs in steps is often due to a technological innovation, such as the electric car. A spiral change might be due to change in scientific

thinking where a lot of ideas come together over time from different areas of study. The pendulum can be used to illustrate the way that politics can swing from left to right and back again. The ripple might be something small that results in a big change over time and often across continents (e.g., the move away from plastic bags). Lastly, cyclical change is perhaps best understood in terms of cycles of information.

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The difference between probability and magnitude In addition to exploring existing emerging issues and trends, futurists are also interested in understanding possible events that have not yet occurred (e.g. a cure for cancer or flying cars). This is like placing an event under a microscope in order to understand how it might behave in certain environments. A futurist tends to classify these kinds of events in terms of probability (the likelihood of it happening) and magnitude (the impact it will have if it does happen). Sometimes we also look at the time frame; for example, would the initial impact occur over a few days (e.g. a flood) or a lifetime (e.g. climate change)? Futurists also like to think in terms of ‘wild cards’, which are unknown events (the ‘unknown unknowns’, in contrast to the ‘known knowns’ or the ‘known unknowns’). At the 2016 ForesightNZ youth workshop the Institute hosted with the New Zealand Treasury, participants were challenged to create a set of playing cards, with each card representing an emerging trend or possible future event. The idea was to encourage people to understand not only the probability and magnitude of each card, but also how the cards might relate to each other given a certain sequence of events. This is much harder than it seems, and players initially struggle with the difference between cause and effect (and subsequent ripple effects) and with connecting the cards to develop authentic narratives. The card game is a useful tool to train your brain to find connections between events, which will enable you to engage early by positioning yourself, your whānau, your community or your business to take advantage of a range of possible events.

The difference between being fragile and being antifragile Being fragile means being vulnerable to a range of events, whereas being antifragile means being flexible and designing systems for your life that enable you to deal with any eventuality. The term ‘antifragile’ was coined by Nassim Nicholas Taleb. He wrote a book called The Black Swan (2007), which discusses low-probability/high-magnitude events. He then went on to outline his antidote to The Black Swan in a book called Antifragile (2012). Examples of how to become more antifragile could include broadening your skills and capabilities so you have more options when applying for jobs, avoiding credit card debt so you are less vulnerable to increases in interest rates and diversifying your investments so you have more flexibility when times get tough. Taleb’s most recent book, Skin in the Game (2018), argues that better decisions are made when decision-makers have a stake in the outcome of the decision. He believes that if all parties have skin in the game, it will lead to fairness, commercial efficiency and better risk-management. Taleb’s work and thinking changed the way I manage my own life. He reminded me to aim for antifragility by keeping my options open as long as possible and being flexible. I now try to keep my battery charged (both physically and mentally) and, when considering working with others, I look to see whether our goals are aligned and whether we all have skin in the game. The difference between superficial thinking and digging deep Years ago a futurist explained to me how important it is to think in layers. By this he meant going deep into an issue, peeling off each layer until you reach the core. He called this ‘the onion approach’. The best way to do this is to keep asking questions that start with ‘why’ and ‘what if ’. The iceberg diagram opposite illustrates this idea in another

way. At the very bottom of the iceberg, below the surface of the water, are the unseen metaphors and the myths that underlie our behaviour. In order to transform our life, our community, an organisation, a country or even the world, we need to be aware that these narratives exist, and where possible, identify them and change them (e.g. the narrative that climate change is not affected by human activity). This is a big ask and takes time â&#x20AC;&#x201C; sometimes a whole lifetime â&#x20AC;&#x201C; but to move forward, we need to ensure the narratives are true and align with the problems we want to solve and the progress we want to make.

Problems and opportunities

The system, the events and the myths that underlie the existing narrative

The difference between puzzles and mysteries Gregory Treverton, a national security expert at RAND Corporation, outlined the difference between two types of problems in his book Reshaping National Intelligence for an Age of Information (2003). He defined a puzzle as a problem that can be solved if you have better information, whereas no amount of information will help you solve a mystery. Solving mysteries takes more time and requires deep thinking because these types of problems involve high levels of uncertainty and demand judgement. So while solving puzzles is about information quality and quantity, mysteries are about the nature of the problem (and you may need to consider what skills or resources are needed to solve them). The difference between systems thinking and analytical thinking Systems thinking takes an issue or product and looks at how it fits within the wider system to understand why it works. Analytical thinking takes the same issue or product and pulls it apart to understand how it works. For example, applying a systems approach to a car would take into account the infrastructure of roads, leading to the conclusion that a car takes people and products from one location to another, at a time that suits the driver. In contrast, applying an analytical approach to a car would look at its mechanics and how each part fits together. Drawing a distinction between why and how something is done is very useful. We draw this distinction in each time capsule worksheet at the end of this journal. The difference between data and wisdom Another approach to understanding an issue is to appreciate that knowledge and wisdom take time to develop. I often revisit the idea that data collected together creates

information, information collected together creates knowledge, and knowledge collected together creates wisdom. I try and aim to acquire knowledge and wisdom, but this requires always having the evidence at hand, which means I need access to data and information. We must continue to explore and be curious, because a new piece of data or information can alter accepted wisdom on an issue. Sometimes new information can be in the form of lost stories and fables which, when shared, help protect society against risks that don’t repeat very often (e.g. tsunamis, recessions or pandemics). The difference between urgent and important I am a great believer in ‘to do’ lists, as they help me to bring about change or complete complex research reports. However, being able to identify what is urgent and what is important in any list is crucial. Often your natural instinct is to do what people want you to do (to get them off your back) or what you enjoy (because it’s fun), but making time for important things often makes all the difference in the long term. Adding time frames to a to do list and ranking actions in order of importance can help with this. I tend to do important things in the early morning and urgent things throughout the day. The key for developing your own system is balance – a little bit of both. The difference between character, personality and talent From my perspective, talent is made up of three components: personality, character and skills. The most important of the three is character. How we interrelate (personality) and what we learn (skills) illustrate our character. That’s why the talent circle diagram (right) places character in the centre, while personality and skills sit on the outside. The talent diagram came out of the Institute’s research on what ‘talent’ means, particularly in the context of Sir Paul Callaghan’s vision for ‘creating a place where talent wants to live’.

Personality

Character

Practice (skills)

Character is usually expressed in the way we treat others or in how we respond to the individual challenges we face. It is true that exceptional leadership comes from good character, but it is also true that what we do when no one is watching is the real test of character. Sometimes in our lives we show poor character and other times we show great character. When people say that substance is more important than form in terms of leadership, what they mean is that leaders need to be prepared to take risks for the benefit of their wider constituents (e.g. being prepared to tax or regulate corporates), sometimes in the form of short-term risks with potential benefits for future generations (e.g. transitioning to a zero-carbon economy). The most important thing to understand about character is that we need to work on it all day, every day. A list of positive character traits for you to ponder can be found on page 163. In contrast, personality is what we are given – we wake up with our personality and that’s simply the way we are. The other component – skills – are what we learn through practice and listening and observing others (e.g. learning an instrument or language).

There are very few things you can do on your own. To bring about real change and to live a satisfying life, you need to be able to work with others. Knowing your default position when working in groups is useful because it will allow you to then choose to take another position if required, or at least gain some insight into why people respond to you the way they do. Your default position is how you are most likely to behave in a group situation, whether it’s to talk all the time or not talk at all. It’s also useful to observe teams of people, whether that’s your team at work, a group of friends you have over for dinner or a community group. Whatever the situation, having an insight into the dynamics of a group, and your response to those dynamics, can prove very useful. Developing a shared voice requires everyone to be able to trust the other people in the room. This takes work, and it is important to be realistic about expectations and outcomes. In many cases, opposing beliefs mean not everyone will agree. This is normal. Debate can be powerful, as long as opinions are expressed and received with respect. To help participants of our workshops develop a shared voice, the whole group presents their thoughts and ideas to people like the Governor-General, Members of Parliament and officials at the finale event. Youth workshops are exhilarating, challenging and incredibly rewarding – but success hinges on how well the workshop groups work together. Over the years I have found that dividing participants into six groups of six on the first day and opening up to the overall maximum group of 36 on the second day works best. I put a lot of effort into choosing the initial six groups of six. I know that if I get this wrong, it will affect people’s experiences and the outcomes of the workshop. As part of the process of creating the groups, I phone participants’ referees and ask them lots of questions – the most important question is how the participants work with others. The painting If the wild bird inside you could cry out by Nigel Brown (below) has always resonated with me because the three native birds in the painting remind me that we can be very different but still live in harmony together, much like the kārearea, the kererū and the ruru.

Characteristics of these three birds can be summarised as follows: Kārearea (New Zealand falcon) • Individualistic, energetic, hungry, ambitious, proactive. • Has a shrill scream ‘keek-keek-keek-keek’, which is made during territorial disputes or while the nest is being defended from potential predators. • Can reach speeds of 180 km/hr when attacking, making it New Zealand’s fastest bird. Kererū (New Zealand wood pigeon) • Friendly and not scared of humans. • Swallows seeds whole and is therefore an important propagator of native plants. • Able to travel between suburbia, native forest and other habitats easily. Ruru (morepork) • Seldom seen and can fly in almost silence. • Have exceptional hearing and can catch prey using just their ears. • Able to turn their heads 270 degrees to see what is happening around them. Each bird has strengths and weaknesses. For example, kārearea can fail to see the importance of the ruru, because ruru are quiet. However, an astute kārearea using their leadership skills will try and learn what the ruru is thinking. Similarly, the ruru might have powerful insights or a clear articulation of the key message held in their head, but they can sometimes leave a discussion without sharing their thoughts. Kārearea and ruru might not see the value of a kererū, but a kererū is essential because they often hold the team together and move everyone gently in the right direction, acting as a type of referee to make sure people are safe and the goal is achieved. My job when creating groups for one of our workshops is to look for and manage group dynamics. When talking to the referees of potential workshop participants, I try to find out what the participant’s default position is – are they predominantly a kārearea, kererū or a ruru? I make sure each group has one of each bird in it, because all three are important to optimise the group’s performance. Once they arrive at the workshop, I ask participants to fill in a survey that includes asking them to self-select the type of bird they think they are. This enables me to check that my initial feedback is correct and allows me to adjust the groups accordingly. You can try out positions other than your default, but it is hard work. For example, my default is a kārearea, but I work hard to be a ruru or kererū. For me they both seem so mature and wise. Perhaps next time you are in a group situation, you might be able to identify other people’s defaults. The most important thing to take away is that we, as a society, need all three types of birds to work together effectively.

The difference between emotions, passions and feelings Emotions, passions and feelings are not always easy to understand, articulate, predict or manage; throughout time, trying to make sense of them has been a preoccupation of society. A first-century Chinese encyclopedia identified seven feelings: joy, anger, sadness, fear, love, disliking and liking. In the 17th century, Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia asked the French philosopher René Descartes, to ‘define the passions, in order to know them better’. Descartes responded by suggesting there were six ‘primitive’ passions: ‘wonder’, ‘desire’, ‘love and hatred’ and ‘joy and sadness’. In the 20th century, American psychologist Paul Ekman identified six basic emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. These are discussed in more detail in a diagram on page 161. Māori understandings of wellbeing have long acknowledged that ‘thought, feeling and emotions are invariably linked to physical and spiritual wellbeing. Māori acknowledge the vital link that thoughts, feelings and emotions have to overall health’. This forms part of Te Whare Tapa Whā, developed by Mason Durie, which represents the four components of Māori health (taha hinengaro/mental health, taha tinana/physical health, taha wairua/ spiritual health and taha whānau/family health). From my experience, although I find the above fascinating, how others view emotions, feelings or passions is less important than what you yourself think. Checking in with your emotions, feelings and passions regularly is extremely useful. Asking those you care about or work with is also important. On pages 161–163 are lists that may help expand your emotional vocabulary and to express more precisely your thoughts and needs at any given moment. Final observations It is important to remember that sometimes in life a series of unfortunate events can lead to a tragedy. One event on its own will rarely do this, but a series of events might. This is why we need to look out for each other. Over time, people who have seen or had bad things happen to them have often worked hard to prevent the same thing happening to others. Those people are special. We benefit from their hard work. While it is important to realise that we cannot, with all our skills, experiences and contacts, create a perfect world, we can, separately or together, work towards making the world a better place. So be noisy, especially when systems harm or waste the time of people, when companies pollute the environment or when decision-makers fail to consider the needs of future generations. A few final thoughts: •

Treat yourself like you would treat a child: be patient, be kind and be careful who you hang out with. When I became a parent of teenagers, I gained great strength from trying to be a good role model. It freed me to be the type of person I wanted my children to be. If you are going to push boundaries, you are likely to fail more, so when you do, take that into account. No matter how you live your life, failure will happen. So fail fast and get up quickly, shake yourself off and start again.

You could also observe, reflect and try a different approach to the same goal, or change the goal. •

There is always a time to pause, reflect and build wisdom and a time to probe and engage with the future. While there is a cone of foresight that looks forward, there is also a cone of hindsight that looks backward (see diagram on page 4). In reality, there are many pasts and many futures. The same events in history can be viewed and understood through many different lenses. Some of these lenses are verbal rather than written, and some have never been shared.

•

Written words tend to dominate history, so we need to create space for voices we may not have heard. This stops us being too judgemental. In the past, propaganda was used to sway citizens and some might argue that practice continues today. Being able to get to the truth is tricky, so if you are making an important decision, seek out the evidence, triple check. Where possible, delay the decision. There are so many good people out there who will share their thoughts, knowledge or experiences with you – don’t hesitate to ask.

•

Lastly, there really is time for everything. You don’t have to act straight away; don’t beat yourself up if you don’t have the time or energy to contribute to society immediately. When I was in my thirties I was both financially and time-challenged – I always seemed to need help. Then a friend said to me, ‘Wendy, there is a time to give and a time to take. There will be a time in the future you can give, but it’s not going to be anytime soon’. This simple statement helped me reset my expectations and develop achievable goals for that time in my life.

Thank you for reading my insights from the first ten years of the McGuinness Institute’s 50-year project. Feel free to write any of your own reflections or ideas overleaf. Finally, this journal could not have been prepared without enormous effort and energy from a large number of people. See the Āpōpō Journal website for more information about these people and other ideas on how you can use foresight to navigate your future and that of the wider communities in which you operate. To close, I would like to leave you with the following whakataukī from Māori leader Dr Āpirana Mahuika: ‘E tū ki te kei o te waka, kia pākia koe e ngā ngaru o te wā’ ‘Stand at the stern of the canoe and feel the spray of the future biting at your face’ – Whakataukī gifted to New Zealand Police by Dr Āpirana Mahuika

Noho ora mai, Wendy

Wendy McGuinness, 2017

E moko he kāhu koe whai tonu i tō ara rere i ngā rangi karanga haere i tō reo heretia te ira tāngata

Moko, you are a hawk Continue to follow your path Glide the skies Carry your call Bind human kind together

ahakoa tō haerenga mā te wairua o te aroha mātau e whai atu

No matter where you go With the spirit of love We will follow

piki ake kake ake i ngā rangi tūhāhā ko mātau tō hau kia rere ō parirau

Climb and escalate The uppermost heavens We are the wind That will help your wings soar

Titiro! Ko Matariki koe! He tohu mō te iwi he tipuranga hou e whai i runga i te whenua tīaho mai rā tō mātau whetū hei ara i te pō

Look! You are Matariki! A sign for the people That a new growth Is beginning on the land Shine brightly our star As a guide in the night

‘Rangi kahu’ Sky hawk, by Anna-Marei Kurei, TacklingPovertyNZ workshop 2015

Unknown photographer, 2018

Hei Tuhi

This part of the journal is your 40-year diary where you can chronicle special events you want to look back on or plan important dates that are coming up. The bulk of this section is made up of month pages. These pages provide a space where you can record dates of personal significance to you (or just important dates to remember) such as birthdays or anniversaries. We have also added a bit of New Zealand history for you (dates of national significance), along with MÄ ori names and explanations for the months of the year. After each month are 28 blank entries. These spaces can be used daily, weekly, monthly, or sporadically, depending on how you feel. They could be used as your 2019 daily diary (minus a few days a month), or they could be used to chronicle events you want to remember from any year. Whether itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the birth of a baby or the loss of someone special, just add the date and write what you need to. The idea is that not only can you record what is happening in your life now, but as the years go by you can look back and remember what happened last year, or ten years ago, at the same time of the year. These pages also include snippets of advice or inspiration, proverbs or whakaaro, that you could take as a prompt for filling in the blank spaces. The blank pages are followed by a dotted page, which can be used for notes or drawings. Overleaf is a list of national holidays in New Zealand, which you can copy across onto the month pages if you want. Because the days of the week fall on different dates in different years, on pages 145â&#x20AC;&#x201C;151 we have provided 14 yearly calendars. The 14 calendars outline when the days of the week will fall every year from 2019 to 2058, with some calendars relevant for more than one year.

New Zealand public holidays Holiday

Date

New Year’s Day

1 January

Day after New Year’s Day

2 January

Waitangi Day

6 February

Good Friday Easter Monday

Dates shift each year in accordance with the Christian church (liturgical) calendar.

ANZAC Day

25 April

Queen’s Birthday

First Monday of June

Labour Day

Fourth Monday of October

Christmas Day

25 December

Boxing Day

26 December

New Zealand anniversaries Anniversary

Date

250-year anniversary of first meeting of Māori and Pākehā

8 October 2019

200-year anniversary of signing of Treaty of Waitangi

6 February 2040

Kohitātea Kua makuru te kai; ka kai te tangata i ngā kai hou o te tau. Fruits have now set, and man eats of the new food products of the season. – Elsdon Best, 1922

Legislative Council abolished (1951)

First large dairy factory built (1882)

First NZ-made ‘talkie’ screened (1930)

Edmund Hillary reaches South Pole (1958)

First major airline begins operation (1936)

Godfrey Bowen sets world sheep shearing record (1953)

First solo flight of Tasman Sea (1931)

Polynesian Society formed (1892)

Gallipoli campaign ends (1916)

First state-registered nurse in the world (1902)

Ruapekapeka pā occupied by British and Māori forces (1846)

Queen Elizabeth II opens Parliament for the first time (1954)

‘Torpedo Billy’ Murphy wins world featherweight boxing title (1890)

Navy intercepts vessels poaching toothfish in Southern Ocean (2015)

Vietnam War protesters greet US Vice-President (1970)

Women’s Auxiliary Air Force formed (1941)

Bay of Plenty land confiscation ordered (1866)

First cheese produced for export (1882)

Troops sent to Iraq to support United Nations Special Commission (1991)

Scott Base established (1957)

Canberra Pact signed (1944)

Settler ship Aurora arrives in Wellington (1840)

Magnitude 8.2 Wairarapa earthquake (1855)

Soviet ambassador expelled after allegedly delivering money to pro-Soviet political party (1980)

First day of competition at Christchurch Commonwealth Games (1974)

Governor FitzRoy arrives to investigate Wairau incident (1844)

Don Brash delivers Ōrewa Speech (2004)

Television becomes available (1960)

Captain Hobson arrives in the Bay of Islands (1840)

Land purchases prohibited, Crown monopoly established (1840)

Lieutenant Cook proclaims British sovereignty over NZ at Queen Charlotte Sound (1770)

‘Titiro whakamuri hei ārahi i ngā uaratanga kei te kimihia.’ ‘Look to the past for guidance and seek out what is needed.’

– Unknown

‘Warm, eager, living life – to be rooted in life – to learn, to desire to know, to feel, to think, to act. That is what I want. And nothing less.’ ‘He mahana, he ārita, he tauoranga pākahukahu – kia whai pakiaka ki te tauoranga – kia ako, kia hiahia ki te mōhio, ki te rongo, ki te whakaaro, ki te mahi. Koinā taku hiahia. Kaua rawa e iti iho.’ – Katherine Mansfield

‘Manaaki whenua, manaaki tangata, haere whakamua.’ ‘Care for the land, care for people, go forward.’

– Unknown

‘He tina ki runga, he tāmore ki raro.’ ‘Those with a strong foundation and proper grounding in their own culture and heritage will find satisfaction in life.’

– Unknown

‘I’m absolutely convinced that if someone has a long-term goal and writes it down, and starts thinking about it, then everything will gravitate towards that thought.’ ‘Kei te whakapono au mēnā he whāinga karioi tō te tangata, ā, ka tuhia ki raro me te āta whakaarohia, ka ahu ngā mea katoa ki taua whakaaro.’ – Sir Michael Hill

‘Never tell them you can’t do a thing. Get stuck in and have a go. By the time they find out you’ve never done it before, you’re doing it.’ ‘Kaua rawa e whāki kāore e taea e koe. Kia kaha, whakamahia. Ka tae ki te wā ka mōhio rātou kua kore koe e mahi i taua mahi, e mahia tonutia ana e koe.’

– Barry Crump

‘He rei ngā niho, he parāoa ngā kauae.’ ‘To have a whale’s tooth, one must also have the whale’s jaw.’

– Unknown

‘Never under-estimate the capacity of those younger than you to surprise you with their talent. Learn from them, and always revel in the opportunity to combine talents to build a team.’ ‘Kei pōhēhē te āheitanga o te hunga tamariki ake i a koe ki te whakaohomauri i a koe i tō rātou pūmanawa. Mā rātou koe e ako, ā, me harikoa i te āhei ki te whakatōpū pūmanawa ki te hanga i tō tira.’ – Sir Paul Callaghan

Huitanguru Kua tau te waewae o Ruhi kai te whenua. The foot of Ruhi now rests upon the earth. – Elsdon Best, 1922

Captain Hobson’s report arrives at Colonial Office (1838)

First telephone communication made (1878)

Magnitude 7.8 Hawke’s Bay earthquake (1931)

Women’s Christian Temperance Union established (1885)

Railway from Invercargill to Bluff opened (1867)

Treaty of Waitangi (Tiriti o Waitangi) signed (1840)

HMS Orpheus disaster (1863)

Charles Heaphy becomes first NZ recipient of British Victoria Cross (1867)

Lieutenant Cook completes circumnavigation of North Island (1770)

Free school milk scheme ends (1967)

First producer board established (1922)

Kiwibank opens (2002)

Waterfront dispute begins (1951)

Te Papa museum opens (1998)

First shipment of frozen meat to Britain (1882)

Lieutenant Cook sights Banks Peninsula calling it Banks ‘island’ (1770)

First book printed in NZ (1835)

Last use of death penalty (1957)

Kyoto Protocol ratified (2002)

Yvette Williams sets long jump world record (1954)

First trans-Tasman cable laid (1876)

Shallow 6.3 earthquake damages Christchurch (2011)

First ever national state of emergency declared due to earthquakes (2011)

SS Earnslaw launched on Lake Wakatipu (1912)

Major meetings on Te Tiriti begin at Ōrākei (1879)

Captain Cook leaves NZ for last time (1777)

Troops deployed to load and unload ships during NZ’s longest strike (1951)

Queen Elizabeth II opens the Beehive (1977)

29 Peter Jackson’s The Return of the King wins 11 Oscars (2004)

‘The hardest part of any project is to begin.’ ‘Ko te wāhanga uaua o te hinonga ko te tīmatanga.’

– Sir Peter Blake

‘Ahakoa he iti, he pounamu’. ‘Although small it is of great value’.

– Unknown

‘I have always returned to this land convinced that it is the most beautiful land in the world … Let us keep it unpolluted as we enjoy its fragile loveliness.’ ‘Hoki mai ai au ki tēnei whenua me te whakapono koia te whenua ātaahua huri noa te ao ... Me whakapūmau te kore parakino i a tātou e harikoa ana i tōna mateoha makuhane.’ – Edward Musgrave Blaiklock

‘These things take time.’ ‘Taihoa ake anō ngā whakatutukitanga.’

– Old timer from Mainland Cheese

‘Ka pū te ruha, ka hao te rangatahi.’ ‘When the worn net is cast aside, the new net goes fishing.’

– Unknown

‘Ko te kairapu, ko ia te kite.’ ‘They who seek will find.’

– Unknown

‘Aotearoa, rugged individual, glisten like a pearl At the bottom of the world.’ ‘Aotearoa, tangata pūioio, he peara e pīataata mai ana Ki te pūtake o te ao.’ – Tim Finn

‘To live each day as though it were our last and, at the same time, to live as though we will live forever.’ ‘Kia mahia te mahi ia rā anō nei ko tō tātou rā whakamutunga, ā, i taua wā tonu, ki te mahi anō nei ka ora tonu mō āke tonu atu.’

– Sir Paul Callaghan

Poutūterangi Kua hauhake te kai. The crops are now taken up. – Elsdon Best, 1922

Prime Minister Lange wins Oxford Union Debate (1985)

Dunedin cable cars close (1957)

Waihi gold rush begins (1875)

Review of Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 (2009)

Emails leaked by Edward Snowden raise concerns NZ is spying on neighbours (2015)

New Zealand Symphony Orchestra’s debut performance (1947)

Citizens increasingly identify as ‘New Zealanders’ (2006)

Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary Bill introduced (2016)

First Golden Shears competition (1961)

Auckland Warriors’ debut game (1995)

Kororāreka whaling post destroyed (1845)

Arthur’s Pass ‘discovered’ (1864)

Dawn Raids begin, targeting suspected overstayers (1974)

Split Enz’s first NZ no. 1 (1980)

NZ forces capture Castle Hill at Cassino (1944)

Oil discovered in Taranaki (1866)

First Taranaki War erupts at Waitara (1860)

Waitangi Tribunal rules on Motunui claim (1983)

Honey bees brought to NZ (1839)

Whanganui River becomes a legal entity (2017)

Te Ture Whenua Maori Act passed (1993)

Professor George von Zedlitz joins Victoria College (1902)

Scottish settlers arrive in Otago (1848)

National flag adopted (1902)

First regular radio broadcast from Parliament (1936)

Brunner mine accident (1896)

First beer brewing began (1773)

Māori Television launched (2004)

Skippers Bridge in Otago opened (1901)

NZ votes to retain current flag (2016)

Last battle of the Waikato War, known as ‘Rewi’s last stand’, begins (1864)

‘Fundamentally, talent attracts talent. So you have to think very carefully about the quality of your leaders…’ ‘Ko tōna tikanga, ka whai te pūmanawa i te pūmanawa. Me āta whakaaro i te kounga o ō rangatira...’

– Liz MacPherson

‘Mahia te mahi hei painga mō te iwi.’ ‘Do the work for the betterment of the people.’

– Te Puea Hērangi

‘It’s not the words, but the legacy that creates change.’ ‘Ehara mā te kupu, engari mā te taonga tuku kē te huringa.’

– Sacha McMeeking

‘Tū ana te tōtara arorangi ki waenganui pū o te wao.’ ‘The straightest tōtara grows in the middle of the forest.’

– Unknown

‘Do not think your single vote does not matter much. The rain that refreshes the parched ground is made up of single drops.’ ‘Kei pōhēhē he koretake tō pōti kotahi. Ko te ua e tāmata ai i te whenua maroke he whakakotahitanga o ngā pata ua takitahi.’

– Kate Sheppard

‘To my mind, having a care and concern for others is the highest of the human qualities.’ ‘Ki tōku ake whakaaro, ko te manaaki me te aroha te āhua tino whakahirahira o te tangata.’

– Professor Fred Hollows

‘Iti noa ana, he pito mata.’ ‘With care, a small kūmara will produce a harvest.’

– Unknown

‘Never worry about the things you are no good at. Discover what you are good at and do that, and do it with commitment. But always respect those whose talents are different from your own.’ ‘Kaua e māharahara ki ngā mea kāore koe e whai pūmanawa. Tūhura kētia ngā mea e whai pūmanawa ana koe, ā, mahia tēnā me te manawanui. Engari me ngākau whakaute ki ngā tāngata e rerekē ai ō rātou pūmanawa i ō pūmanawa.’ – Sir Paul Callaghan

Paengawhāwhā Kua putu ngā tupu o ngā kai i ngā paenga o ngā māra. All haulm is now stacked at the borders of the plantations. – Elsdon Best, 1922

Reserve Bank established (1934)

Rua Kēnana arrested at Maungapōhatu (1916)

‘Battle of Manners Street’ between NZ civilians and US servicemen (1943)

Road completed between Queenstown and Kingston (1956)

The Agent-General role is created (being first overseas representative) (1871)

Marine Pollution Act passed (1974)

First state secondary school, Nelson College, opens (1856)

Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Act passed (1992)

Founder of Rātana movement takes petition to England (1924)

The Wahine wrecked in Wellington Harbour (1968)

First royal visitor, Prince Alfred, arrives (1869)

HMS New Zealand, a gift to Britain, begins tour of NZ ports (1913)

National Council of Women established (1896)

Kotahitanga movement establishes Pāremata Parliament (1892)

First elections with Māori electorate seats held (1868)

New Zealand Rugby Football Union (NZRFU) formed (1892)

Air New Zealand privatised (1989)

First newspaper printed in NZ (1840)

Same-sex marriage legalised (2013)

Cabinet granted power to declare a state of emergency (1932)

Citizenship Amendment Act passed (2005)

Foreshore and Seabed hīkoi begins (2004)

First diplomatic post formally established in the US (1942)

Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu Act passed (1996)

NZ’s Gallipoli campaign begins (1915)

Tasman Empire Airways Limited (TEAL) established (1940)

First New Zealanders compete at Olympic Games (1908)

Cave Creek viewing platform collapses (1995)

ANZUS Treaty comes into effect (1952)

Marsden Point Oil Refinery opened (1964)

‘…talent is the right balance between competence and confidence.’ ‘...ko te pūmanawa he whakataurite tika i te matatau me te whakamanawa.’

– Mike ‘MOD’ O’Donnell

‘We are only a small and a young nation, but we are one and all a band of brothers, and we march forward with a union of hearts and wills to a common destiny.’ ‘He whenua iti, he whenua rangatahi hoki tātou. Engari he whenua kotahi, he tuakana-teina tātou, ā, ka tāwhaiwhai whakamua tātou i runga i te ngākau kotahi me te whakaaro kotahi ki te wāheke kotahi.’ – Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage

‘Ko au te awa, ko te awa ko au.’ ‘I am the river, the river is me.’

– Unknown, in reference to the Whanganui River

‘Manaakitia te tangata ahakoa ko wai, ahakoa nō hea.’ ‘Take care of others no matter who they are, no matter where they come from.’

– Hira Te Popo

‘…we need to be shouting from the rooftops about what we do.’ ‘...me hāparangi tātou i runga i ngā tuanui he aha ā tātou mahi.’

– Anna Campbell

‘Whāia te iti Kahurangi, ki te tuohu, me he maunga teitei.’ ‘Seek the treasure you value most dearly: if you bow your head, let it be to a lofty mountain.’

– Unknown

‘Somebody once asked me, ‘Have you ever been afraid?’ … Hah! I’ve never been afraid in my life.’ ‘Tērā te tangata i pātai mai ki a au, ‘Kua mataku koe?’ ... Ha! Kua kore rawa au e mataku.’ – Nancy Wake

‘We are all at a waypoint on our life’s journey. Make every step count.’ ‘Kei tētahi takiwā o te ara tauoranga tātou. Me whai uara ngā tapuwae katoa.’ – Sir Paul Callaghan

Haratua Kua uru ngā kai kai te rua, kua mutu ngā mahi a te tangata. Crops have now been stored in the store pits. The tasks of man are finished. – Elsdon Best, 1922

NZ gains administration of Western Samoa (1920)

Pōtatau Te Wherowhero crowned first Māori King (1858)

Captain Hobson becomes Governor in own right (1841)

Captain du Fresne lands in the Bay of Islands (1772)

James Busby arrives in the Bay of Islands (1833)

Colonial troops invade Te Urewera (1869)

Henry Sewell becomes first Premier (1856)

Puketutu pā attacked (1845)

The School Journal published (1907)

All-white All Blacks team leaves for South Africa (1960)

Letters Patent introduce term ‘Governor-General’ (1917)

Waihi strike begins (1912)

NZ wins America’s Cup (1995)

Plunket Society established (1907)

Pre-Te Tiriti land purchase investigations begin (1842)

First land court hearing into New Zealand Company purchases begin (1842)

Privacy Act passed, protecting private information (1993)

Meri Te Tai Mangakāhia becomes first woman to address Kotahitanga Māori parliament (1893)

First Pākehā reach Māwhera pā (now Greymouth) (1846)

World’s first nuclear submarine visits NZ (1960)

Lieutenant-Governor Hobson proclaims British sovereignty over NZ (1840)

King Mahuta joins Legislative Council (1903)

Te Atairangikaahu becomes first Māori Queen (1966)

First meeting of General Assembly (1854)

Bastion Point protesters evicted (1978)

Anna Pavlova dances in NZ for first time (1926)

Captain Hobson arrives at the Bay of Islands (1837)

British coins become legal tender (1858)

Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay climb Everest (1953)

NZ decides against becoming a state of Australia (1901)

HMS New Zealand fights at Jutland, Denmark (1916)

‘I think that a surrounding creative environment is what allows people to develop and further their ideas.’ ‘Ki tōku nei whakaaro ko te taiao auaha, e karapoti ana, te mea e āhei ai te tangata te whakawhanake i ō rātou whakaaro ki kō atu.’

– Damien van Brandenburg

‘Ko au te whenua, ko te whenua ko au.’ ‘I am the land, the land is me.’

– Unknown

‘I think the prize is to have New Zealand as a meaningful node in the global network of places where talent goes to get stuff done.’ ‘Ki tōku nei whakaaro ko te taonga whītiki kia tū a Aotearoa hei tīpona nui ki te kupenga ā-ao o ngā wāhi e haere ai ngā pūmanawa kia mahia te mahi.’

– Sam Morgan

‘…there’s never just one answer, there’s always a range of answers…’ ‘...kāore he whakautu kotahi, he maha ngā whakautu i ngā wā katoa...’

– Bill Moran

‘Whatungarongaro te tangata toitū te whenua.’ ‘While people disappear from sight, the land remains.’

– Unknown

‘Mā tō tātou whanaungatanga e whakataki i te ritenga tika.’ ‘By our kinship we strive to meet our present and future needs.’

– James Te Hikoi Paora

‘Diversity is not a gender or an ethnicity. We all have a gender, an ethnicity, a sexuality and an (dis)ability. Diversity is about difference and not assuming we are what we appear.’ ‘Ehara te kanorau i te ira, i te mātāwaka rānei. He ira, he mātāwaka, he hōkakatanga, he āhei/hauā(tanga) tō tātou katoa. Ko te tikanga o te kanorau ko te rerekētanga, kaua ko te pōhēhē ko te āhua e whakaatu i te āhuatanga.’ – Mai Chen

‘So my take is, we simply push on, ignore the pessimism, and lead by example. Then suddenly we find ourselves surrounded by success and telling ourselves that it was always meant to be this way.’ ‘Nā, e pēnei ana taku whakaaro, me ahu whakamua, hei aha te kōrero whakahē, ko te tauira te tino kaiārahi. Mea rawa ake kua karapotia tātou e te angitu me te kōrero ki a tātou anō he tikanga e haere mai ana.’ – Sir Paul Callaghan

Pipiri Kua piri ngā mea katoa i te whenua i te mātao, me te tangata. All things on earth cohere owing to the cold; likewise man. – Elsdon Best, 1922

First official TV broadcast (1960)

German raider, the Wolf, captures crew from NZ steamer and takes them prisoner (1917)

NZ’s first university established (1869)

King Te Rata has audience with King George V (1914)

Carbon dioxide over 400 ppm recorded (2016)

Electoral boundary review of European seats (1887)

McDonald’s arrives in NZ (1976)

Unions made compulsory and 40-hour working week established (1936)

One-off medical marijuana use approved (2015)

Mt Tarawera eruption (1886)

Cornwall Park gifted to Auckland (1901)

Auckland blackout (2006)

First rugby league game played in NZ (1908)

Prime Minister Muldoon calls infamous snap election (1984)

Letters Patent extend New South Wales’ territory to include NZ (1839)

Swine flu pandemic begins (2009)

First violent clash between Māori and Pākehā since Te Tiriti signing occurs at Wairau (1843)

Troops sent to Malaya to support the British Empire (1948)

German mines sink transPacific liner off Northland coast (1940)

Prime Minister Key becomes first NZ PM to address Australian Parliament (2011)

Beatles arrive to tour NZ (1964)

Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act (anti-smacking) passed (2007)

Frigates sent to Mururoa Atoll as part of antinuclear protest (1973)

Wairarapa earthquakes (1942)

Ngāpuhi takes a petition to England (1882)

NZ joins United Nations (1945)

Emirates Team New Zealand win America’s Cup (2017)

Alexander Turnbull bequeaths his library to the Crown (1918)

NZ Maori Council v Attorney-General decision announced, common law on Te Tiriti begins (1987)

New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 (UK) passed (1852)

‘Ko ngā pae tawhiti whāia kia tata. Ko ngā pae tata whakamaua kia tina.’ ‘Pursue the distant horizons so that they draw near. As for the opportunities to hand seize them.’

– Rangi Metekingi

‘Tomorrow will be the same but not as this is.’ ‘He ōrite āpōpō engari kāore e pēnei ki te rā nei.’

– Colin McCahon

‘Ki te kāhore he whakakitenga ka ngaro te iwi.’ ‘Without foresight or vision the people will be lost.’

– King Tāwhiao

‘Mā te huruhuru, ka rere te manu.’ ‘Adorn the bird with feathers so that it may fly.’

– Tama Te Rangi

‘We haven’t got the money, so we’ve got to think!’ ‘Kāore kau he moni, nā reira me wero i te hinengaro!’

– Sir Ernest Rutherford

‘My books and [manuscripts]. I hope will assist future Searchers after the truth.’ ‘Ko aku pukapuka me [ngā tuhinga tahito]. Ko te moemoeā he mea āwhina i ngā Kairapu o te pono ā muri ake nei.’

– Alexander Turnbull

‘He iwi kotahi tātou.’ ‘Now we are one.’

– Captain William Hobson

‘What holds us back are self-serving but dishonest myths.’ ‘Ko te mea e aukati ana i a tātou ko te pakiwaitara whakamanamana, he pakiwaitara teka.’ – Sir Paul Callaghan

Hōngongoi Kua tino mātao te tangata, me te tahutahu ahi, ka pāinaina. Man is now extremely cold, and so kindles fires before which he basks. – Elsdon Best, 1922

KiwiSaver introduced (2007)

Willie Apiata becomes first recipient of Victoria Cross for New Zealand (2007)

Census Act passed (1858)

New Zealand Company’s charter surrendered (1850)

Chinese Immigrants Act passed, placing poll tax on Chinese immigrants (1881)

Main Trunk Line express train disaster near Taumarunui (1923)

New Zealand Labour Party founded (1916)

First chopping down of flagstaff by Hōne Heke (1844)

Māori Party founded (2004)

Rainbow Warrior sunk by French agents (1985)

Homosexual Law Reform Act passed (1986)

First women’s trade union founded (1889)

First pilot’s certificate given in NZ (1916)

First general election begins (1853)

First Gallipoli wounded arrive home (1915)

Boycott of Montreal Olympic Games (1976)

UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) signed (1980)

NZ’s first postage stamps on sale (1855)

Privy Council ruled for Western Samoan NZ citizenship but Government disagrees (1982)

Maori Language Act passed (1987)

Governor Grey oversees capture of Weraroa pā, near Waitōtara (1865)

Springbok rugby tour begins, sparking nationwide protests (1981)

First Olympic gold medal won by a woman (1952)

First international trade treaty signed (1928)

Predator free by 2050 target set (2016)

Wellington becomes capital (1865)

Te Urewera becomes legal entity (2014)

Women’s suffrage petition presented to Parliament (1893)

Bank of New Zealand established (1861)

Captain Hobson becomes first and only British consul (1839)

John Walker wins gold in Montreal (1976)

‘…we want to remain part, but a distinct and individual part, of the future inhabitants of this country.’ ‘...me whai wāhi tonu tātou, engari hei wāhanga motuhake, hei wāhanga takitahi anō hoki, o ngā kainoho o tēnei motu ā muri ake nei.’

– Sir Āpirana Ngata

‘Tama tū tama ora.’ ‘An active person will thrive.’

– Unknown

‘We can survive as a population only if we conserve, develop sustainably, and protect the world’s resources.’ ‘Kotahi te huarahi kia ora ai tātou hei taupori, ko te whāomoomo, ko te whakawhanake toitū, ko te manaaki anō hoki i ngā rauemi o te ao.’

– Governor-General Dame Silvia Cartwright

‘Ka warea te ware, ka area te rangatira, hongihongi te whewheia, hongihongi te manehurangi, kei au te rangatiratanga.’ ‘Ignorance is the oppressor, vigilance is the liberator, know the scent of your enemy and the vision of your destiny so that you may achieve self-determination.’ – Tāmati Kruger

‘Having vision is not enough. Change comes through realising the vision and turning it into reality.’ ‘Ehara i te rawaka te matawhānui. Ko te huringa e puta mai ai i te māramatanga ki te matawhānui me te whakatinanatanga.’

– Sir Peter Blake

‘You often see in these worst of times the best in human beings.’ ‘I ngā wā kino rawa, ka kitea ngā āhuatanga pai rawa o te tangata.’

– Dean of Christchurch Cathedral Peter Beck

‘He waka eke noa.’ ‘A canoe we are all in together.’

– Unknown

‘The one lesson that emerges is the need to keep trying. No miracles, no perfection, no millennium, no apocalypse. We must cultivate a sceptical faith, avoid dogma, listen and watch well, try to clarify and define ends, the better to choose means.’ ‘Kotahi te akoranga e puta mai ana; me whakamātau tonu. Kāore he merekara, he painga rawa atu, he mano tau, he parekura. Me whakatipu i te whakapono matakana, me karo i te tikanga whakapono pūmau, me āta whakarongo, mātakitaki, whakamātau ki te whakamārama me te tautuhi i ngā putanga, hei tautoko i te kōwhiri ara.’ – Sir Paul Callaghan

Hereturikōkā Kua kitea te kainga a te ahi i ngā turi o te tangata. The scorching effect of fire on the knees of man is seen. – Elsdon Best, 1922

Annual leave introduced (1944)

Fonterra whey protein botulism scare (2013)

First police officers begin training for armed offenders’ squad (1964)

Cook Islands achieve self-government (1965)

NZ enters First World War (1914)

Valerie Adams wins second gold in London Olympics (2012)

Beatrice Faumuina first New Zealander to win a World Athletics Championship (1997)

University of Otago opens all classes to women (1871)

US ‘Great White Fleet’ arrives in Auckland (1908)

Human Rights Act passed (1993)

Picton ferry Aramoana enters service (1962)

First school for Māori children opened (1816)

First NZ fatality in First World War (1914)

Lord Normanby issues instructions on a potential treaty, which became Te Tiriti (1839)

Second World War ends (1945)

War relief organisation CORSO formed (1944)

Electoral Act passed (1993)

Āpirana Ngata becomes first Māori to graduate with university degree (1894)

Legal Decision: Te Weehi v Regional Fisheries Officer (1986)

First use of kiwi as unofficial national symbol (1904)

Tūheitia Paki becomes sixth Māori King (2006)

Voting age lowered from 21 to 20 (1969)

Sir Julius Vogel appointed as Agent-General (1876)

Wellington steam-tram service opened (1878)

New Zealand Official Year Book published (1893)

New Zealand Coat of Arms adopted (1911)

NZ netball team wins first World Championship (1967)

New Zealand Bill of Rights Act passed (1990)

Parliament petitioned for proportional Māori representation (1876)

Kawarau Falls dam becomes operational (1926)

Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act passed (1894)

‘Anyone who wants to shape Aotearoa New Zealand’s future must start with our past.’ ‘Ki te hiahia te tangata ki te tārai i te wā e heke mai nei o Aotearoa, me tīmata ki ngā wā o mua.’

– Sir Mason Durie

‘Seek professional help. Don’t feel disheartened if you don’t connect with the first few counsellors you see. You’ll find the right person to help you.’ ‘Kimihia te āwhina ngaio. Kaua e pāpōuri ki te kore koe e tūhono ki ngā kaiwhakamahereora tuatahi e kite ai koe. Ā tōna wā ka kitea te tangata tika hei tiaki i a koe.’ – Israel Whitely

‘He aha te mea nui o te ao? He tangata, he tangata, he tangata.’ ‘What is the most important thing in the world? It is people.’

– Mere Ngaroto

100

‘He manawa tītī.’ ‘The endurance of a tītī (petrel).’

– Unknown

101

‘There are a million ways to get from birth to death, and every one works.’ ‘He mano ngā ara atu i te ora ki te mate, ā, e oti pai ana te katoa.’

– Kaila Colbin

102

‘Ko te piko o te māhuri, tērā te tipu o te rākau.’ ‘The way in which you nurture the sapling, determines how it will grow.’

– Unknown

103

‘We can all do our bit. We need to get out there in the world and learn and come back with a talented friend in a suitcase. We can do this.’ ‘Mā tātou katoa te mahi e mahi. Me hāereere i te ao, ka ako, ka hoki me te hoa pūmanawa i te pāhi. Hoake tātou.’

– Sam Morgan

104

‘Te Reo Māori and te tikanga Māori not only provide anchor points for Māori New Zealanders, but also permeate Pākehā society, giving us all a sense of pride and definition.’ ‘He pūtake te reo Māori me ngā tikanga Māori mō te iwi Māori, waihoki ka rangona e te hapori Pākehā kia poho kererū ai, kia mōhio anō hoki ko wai tātou.’

– Sir Paul Callaghan

105

Mahuru Kua pūmahana te whenua, me ngā otaota, me ngā rākau. The earth has now acquired warmth, as also have herbage and trees. – Elsdon Best, 1922

Farmers’ Union established (1899)

Rowing eight wins Olympic gold in Munich (1972)

Second World War begins (1939)

Magnitude 7.1 Canterbury earthquake (2010)

An Angel at My Table screens at Venice Film Festival (1990)

British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act passed (1948)

Parliamentary Commissioner (Ombudsman) Act passed (1962)

Income tax introduced (1891)

Wanganui Computer Centre Act passed (1976)

Te Māori art exhibition opens in New York (1984)

First trans-Tasman flight touches down (1928)

Nurses Registration Act passed (1901)

106

Elizabeth McCombs becomes first woman elected to Parliament (1933)

Mahuta becomes third MÄ ori King (1894)

First steel produced from local ironsand (1969)

The Originals rugby team tour (1905)

Recreational fishing restrictions announced (2013)

First major state housing construction scheme (1937)

Women given the same voting rights as men (1893)

Victoria Cross for New Zealand established (1999)

National Museum established (1972)

Coalition government formed to combat the Depression (1931)

First national park established (1887)

Tohunga Suppression Act passed (1907)

First wine grapevines planted (1819)

NZ becomes a dominion (1907)

First New Zealand Company land sale (1839)

Environmental Reporting Act passed (2015)

First professional opera performance (1862)

Unleaded petrol made mandatory (1996)

107

‘I think we need a dual strategy – you’ve got to have different models of talent at different stages and they need to be nurtured and attracted at different levels.’ ‘Kia paparua te rautaki – me rerekē ngā tauira pūmanawa ki ngā taumata rerekē, ā, me poipoi, me whakamanea ki ngā taumata rerekē.’ – Professor Tahu Kukutai

108

‘He toa taumata rau.’ ‘Courage has many resting places.’

– Unknown

109

‘Talent is spontaneous. Leadership should be more of an organic thing that arises in response to a problem or an issue.’ ‘He māhorahora te pūmanawa. Me tipu māori mai te hautūtanga e whanake ai hei whakautu i te raruraru, i te take rānei.’

– Dr Ocean Mercier

110

‘Ehara taku toa i te toa takitahi, engari he toa takitini.’ ‘Success is not the work of one, but the work of many.’

– Ngāti Kahungunu

111

‘One of the most critical things for young people is giving them a sense of what the possibilities are and not closing things down and not getting them to make choices too early.’ ‘Ko tētahi o ngā mea waiwai mō ngā rangatahi kia whakamōhio ki a rātou he aha ngā āheitanga, ā, kaua e whakatepe, kaua hoki e moata rawa tō rātou kōwhiringa.’ – Liz MacPherson

112

‘Hoki ki ō maunga kia purea ai e ngā hau o Tāwhirimātea.’ ‘Return to your mountains so that you may be cleansed by the winds of Tāwhirimātea.’

– Unknown

113

‘It’s important to just step off the merry go round now and then. Even if it’s just to have a few quiet moments with yourself or to give your partner a hug…’ ‘He mea nui ki te heke iho i te porowhawhe i ētahi wā. Ahakoa mō te wā mārie me tō kotahi, ki te awhi rānei i tō hoa...’ – Lisa Tamati

114

‘The transformative culture shift comes when we no longer see success abroad as the benchmark, but engage and compete with the world from home and succeed, so that the new benchmark for success becomes “world class and home-grown”.’ ‘Ka puta te huringa o te hūnuku ahurea ina kite tātou ehara te angitu ki tāwāhi i te kounga, engari ka tomo, ka whakataetae hoki ki te ao i te kāinga nei, ā, ka angitu. Nā, ko te kounga hou o te angitu ko te “kounga ā-ao engari nō te kāinga”.’ – Sir Paul Callaghan

115

Whiringa-ānuku Kua tino mahana te whenua. The earth has now become quite warm. – Elsdon Best, 1922

Royal New Zealand Navy established (1941)

Long depression begins (1878)

New Zealand Natives rugby team plays first game in UK (1888)

Jandal trademarked (1957)

Rena oil spill (2011)

Second ballot established for when a candidate fails to gain majority (1908)

Cook Islands claimed (1900)

Lieutenant Cook lands in Poverty Bay (1769)

Parliament TV established (2007)

Alan MacDiarmid wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2000)

Two Māori Members of Parliament join the Legislative Council (1872)

New Zealand Film Commission Act passed (1978)

116

Whina Cooper leads land march to Parliament (1975)

Māori seats extended indefinitely (1876)

Eleanor Catton wins Man Booker Prize for The Luminaries (2013)

Daylight saving first proposed (1895)

Supreme Court established (2003)

Maori Councils Act passed (1900)

Niue becomes selfgoverned (1974)

Marine Mammals Protection Act passed (1978)

Waitangi Day Act passed (1960)

Waterfront strikes begin (1913)

Four-year parliamentary term introduced (1934)

Violence erupts on Wellington wharves (1913)

Māori seats extended another five years (1872)

Compulsory enrolment extended to Māori voters (1956)

NZ troops land on Mono Islands to help clear Japanese forces (1943)

He Whakaputanga – Declaration of Independence drawn up (1835)

Women gain right to stand for Parliament (1919)

National Library of New Zealand established (1965)

All Blacks win Rugby World Cup for third time (2015)

117

‘Learning to enjoy a handful of simple morning rituals not only helps us to slow down, but to connect with the beautiful, everyday moments that we might otherwise miss.’ ‘Ko te ako kia harikoa i ngā ritenga torutoru hei whakamahi i te ata e āwhina ai i a tātou kia āta haere, ā, kia tūhono anō hoki ki ngā takiwā ātaahua o ia rā e mahue kē pea i a tātou.’ – Eleanor Ozich

118

‘The thing about people sparking off people has got something to do with it. It’s that talented people enjoy being around talented people.’ ‘Tēnā, ka korakora tētahi tangata i tētahi tangata, koinā. Ka harikoa ngā tāngata pūmanawa ki te hui tahi me ētahi atu tāngata pūmanawa.’

– Malcolm Webb

119

‘Waiho i te toipoto, kaua i te toiroa.’ ‘Work together, not separately.’

– Unknown

120

‘Waiho mā te tangata e mihi.’ ‘Leave it to others to give you praise.’

– Unknown

121

‘At the moment my fight is basketball … My fight is what keeps me alive.’ ‘Ināianei ko taku pakanga ko te poitūkohu ... Ko taku pakanga taku whakaohooho.’

– Steven Adams

122

‘Part of the secret is knowing who to talk to when you have a problem, because a problem is an opportunity.’ ‘Ko tētahi wāhanga o te kōrero muna kia mōhio ko wai hei hoa kōrero ina pā mai te raruraru, nā te mea, ko te raruraru he kōwhiringa.’

– Graeme Wong

123

‘E tipu e rea mō ngā rā o tōu ao.’ ‘Grow up tender shoot and fulfil the needs of your generation.’

– Sir Āpirana Ngata

124

‘Well educated and hard working as we are, New Zealanders do very well in the metropolitan capitals of the world, in business, in music, in science, in the arts. Our diaspora of talent is a resource to be valued and celebrated but, in a sense, the success is not surprising.’ ‘Nā te mea he matatau, he ahuwhenua anō hoki tātou, ka tino tau ngā tāngata o Aoteroa ki ngā tāone nunui o te ao, ki te pakihi, ki te waiata, ki te pūtaiao, ki ngā mahi toi. Ko te hekenga o ngā pūmanawa he rauemi me matapopore, me whakanui engari, tērā te whakaaro, ehara te angitu i te mea whakaohorere.’ – Sir Paul Callaghan

125

Whiringaā-rangi Kua raumati, kua kaha te rā. It has now become summer, and the sun has acquired strength. – Elsdon Best, 1922

Death penalty abolished (1961)

Time standardised countrywide (1868)

Decimal currency system introduced (1964)

New Zealand Division captures French town of Le Quesnoy (1918)

Parihaka attacked (1881)

Daylight saving introduced (1927)

Public Service Act passed (1912)

New Zealand Centennial Exhibition opens (1939)

Thomas Kendall becomes first judicial appointment (1814)

Ngā Haerenga (The New Zealand Cycle Trail) construction begins (2009)

First World War ends – Armistice Day (1918)

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) signed (1968)

126

Māori Purposes Fund Board established (1934)

Magnitude 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake (2016)

Lieutenant Cook proclaims British sovereignty over NZ at Coromandel Peninsula (1769)

Charter of 1840 establishes Crown Colony (1840)

First radio broadcast (1921)

Balfour Declaration signed (1926)

Pike River mine explosions (2010)

Paul Reeves becomes first Māori Governor-General (1985)

‘God Defend New Zealand’ becomes national anthem (1977)

Citizen-initiated Asset Sales referendum begins (2013)

Pope John Paul II celebrates Mass in Wellington (1986)

Te Rata becomes fourth Māori King (1912)

Statute of Westminster adopted (1947)

Maori Affairs Act passed (1953)

‘Native’ now referred to as ‘Maori’ (1947)

James Carroll becomes first Māori elected to a European seat (1893)

Free primary school education established (1877)

First National Government elected (1949)

127

‘One of the greatest forms of medicine is one that surrounds us. The effect nature can have on our soul is deep, magical and captivating.’ ‘Ko tētahi o ngā āhua whakahirahira o te rongoā ko tētahi e karapoti ana i a tātou. Ko te whakaaweawe o te taiao ki te wairua he hōhonu, he mahi tupua, he ātahu anō hoki.’ – Eleanor Ozich

128

‘Ina te mahi, he rangatira.’ ‘Leadership is shown through actions.’

– Unknown

129

‘Dare to be entrepreneurial. I think Kiwis can be great entrepreneurs but often they go so far and then they don’t go any further.’ ‘Kia manawanui e te ngira tuitui. Ki a au nei he tino ngira tuitui Ngāi Kiwi, engari, ka tīmata, ā, nāwai rā ka mutu.’

– Mike ‘MOD’ O’Donnell

130

‘Kāore te kūmara e kōrero mō tōna ake reka.’ ‘The kūmara (sweet potato) does not talk of its own sweetness.’

– Unknown

131

‘Telling people how to think is completely stupid.’ ‘Ko te mutunga mai o te rorirori te whakahau i te tangata me pēhea ia e whakaaro ai.’

– Mike King

132

‘For me, my Zen is cooking and reading. These are the two things I absolutely love doing. When I have the time to cook a really great meal and enjoy a good book, that’s what I call a good day.’ ‘Ki a au, ko taku Zen ko te tunu kai me te pānui. Koinei ngā mea e kaingākaunuitia e au. Kia whai wā au ki te tunu i te kai whakahirahira me te pānui i te pukapuka pai rawa, he rā mīharo tēnā.’ – Sir John Kirwan

133

‘Nāu te rourou, Nāku te rourou, ka ora ai te iwi.’ ‘With your basket and my basket the people will live.’

– Unknown

134

‘We are all enriched through understanding other cultures. In the case of te ao Māori and especially given the beauty and poetry of te reo, “drawing a whakapapa line between kōrero” should be not only a sensible approach for New Zealand scientists, but a pleasure.’ ‘Ka whakangakotia tātou i te mārama ki ētahi atu ahurea. Ki te tirohia te ao Māori, tae atu ki te ātaahua me te toikupu o te reo, “te tuhi i te tātai whakapapa hei tūhono i ngā kōrero” ehara i te kōrero whaitake noa iho, engari he mea kaingākau.’ – Sir Paul Callaghan

135

Hakihea Kua noho ngā manu kai roto i te kōhanga. Birds are now sitting in their nests. – Elsdon Best, 1922

First NZ film made (1898)

Māori electoral roll created (1948)

Voting for Māori seats determined by declaration rather than show of hands (1910)

Radio Hauraki broadcasts first transmission (1966)

Helen Clark becomes first elected female Prime Minister (1999)

First Labour Government takes office (1935)

Jeanette Fitzsimons becomes first ‘Green’ MP in world to win a constituency seat (1999)

National and Māori Party constitutional review announced (2010)

Waitangi Tribunal empowered to investigate historical claims (1985)

Ernest Rutherford wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1908)

King Louis-Philippe approves French colony at Akaroa (1839)

Catherine Tizard becomes first female Governor-General (1990)

136

First National Government takes office (1949)

National Māori flag adopted (2009)

South Island Main Trunk line completed (1945)

Contraception, Sterilisation and Abortion Act passed (1977)

Official Information Act passed (1982)

James Busby’s report arrives at Colonial Office (1837)

Universal suffrage for European men granted (1879)

Reserve Bank becomes more independent of government (1989)

Whaling in NZ waters ends (1964)

Horses and cattle introduced (1814)

Queen Elizabeth II arrives for first head of state visit (1953)

Tangiwai rail disaster (1953)

First Christian service (1814)

Violence erupts between Catholics and Protestants in Canterbury (1879)

NZ Cricket Council established (1894)

Charter of 1846 endorses local self-government (1846)

Floating dock breaks moorings in Wellington Harbour (1931)

William Colenso arrives with printing press (1834)

First ‘Gathering’ dance festival held in Takaka (1996)

137

‘Allowing yourself to daydream gives your mind a much-needed break, it’s a wonderful way to spark ideas and creativity.’ ‘Ko te tuku i te hinengaro kia wawata ai he mea whakatā i tō hinengaro ki te whakatā e hiahiatia ana, he ara mīharo e korakora ai i ngā whakaaro me te auaha.’ – Eleanor Ozich

138

‘Kua takoto te mānuka.’ ‘The challenge has been laid down.’

– Unknown

139

‘Nothing stays the same and we need to strategically plan and work together on how we face the big health issues that we must confront as a society.’ ‘Kāore tētahi mea e noho pūmau, ā, me rautaki te whakamahere me te mahi tahi me pēhea e ahu atu ki ngā take hauora nunui e wero ana i te hapori.’ – Mayor Steve Chadwick

140

‘The nurturing of talent is to me a process of not killing people’s natural curiosity…’ ‘Ki a au nei, ko te poipoi i te pūmanawa he ara kāore e tāmi i te wairua māhirahira...’

– Mayor Vicki Buck

141

‘E tupu atu kūmara, e ohu e te anuhe.’ ‘People will congregate around a leader as caterpillars congregate around kūmara.’

– Unknown

142

‘Māu tēnā kīwai o te kete, māku tēnei.’ ‘If each of us takes a handle of the kete we can lift it.’

– Unknown

143

‘Probably the most valuable thing is to have a work ethic. If you have that, talent can be realised.’ ‘Tērā pea ko te mea tino whai painga ko te ahuwhenua. Ki te pēnā koe, ka whai hua te pūmanawa.’

– Graeme Wong

144

‘Here, I want to stake my position as a humanist – one who believes that we should not leave nature alone but instead harness science and technology so that humans may prosper, while living in harmony with nature.’ ‘Ināianei, me whakaatu i taku pono ki te whakaaro tangata – ko tētahi e whakapono ana kia kaua e waiho i te taiao engari me whakamahi kē i te pūtaiao me te hangarau kia tōnui ai te tangata me te noho aumārire me te taiao.’ – Sir Paul Callaghan

145

This calendar covers the following years: 2019, 2030, 2041, 2047, 2058 Kohitātea S

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

Huitanguru T 3 10 17 24 31

F S 4 5 11 12 18 19 25 26

Pipiri

Hōngongoi

Hereturikōkā

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Mahuru

Whiringa-ā-nuku

Whiringa-ā-rangi

Hakihea

S 1 8 15 22 29

T 3 10 17 24

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

M T W 1 2 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 30

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

M 2 9 16 23 30

W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

S 1 8 15 22 29

Paengawhāwhā

Haratua

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Poutūterangi F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24 31

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

This calendar covers the following years: 2020, 2048 Kohitātea

Huitanguru

Poutūterangi

Paengawhāwhā

S 1 8 15 22 29

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24 31

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Pipiri

Hōngongoi

Hereturikōkā

F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Mahuru

Whiringa-ā-nuku

Whiringa-ā-rangi

Hakihea

S 1 8 15 22 29

Haratua S

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 31

146

This calendar covers the following years: 2021, 2027, 2038, 2049, 2055 Kohitātea

Huitanguru

Poutūterangi

Paengawhāwhā

F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Haratua

Pipiri

Hōngongoi

Hereturikōkā

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

S 1 8 15 22 29

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

Mahuru

Whiringa-ā-nuku

Whiringa-ā-rangi

Hakihea

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M T 1 2 7 8 9 14 15 16 21 22 23 28 29 30

W T F S 3 4 5 6 10 11 12 13 17 18 19 20 24 25 26 27

M 2 9 16 23 30

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

T 3 10 17 24 31

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

This calendar covers the following years: 2022, 2033, 2039, 2050 Kohitātea

Huitanguru

Poutūterangi

Paengawhāwhā

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Haratua S 1 8 15 22 29

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24 31

Pipiri W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

Mahuru S

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

M T W 1 2 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Hōngongoi F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Whiringa-ā-nuku

Whiringa-ā-rangi

Hakihea

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

Hereturikōkā

W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

147

This calendar covers the following years: 2023, 2034, 2045, 2051 Kohitātea

Huitanguru

Poutūterangi

Paengawhāwhā

S 1 8 15 22 29

W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Haratua

Pipiri

Hōngongoi

Hereturikōkā

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

Mahuru

Whiringa-ā-nuku

Whiringa-ā-rangi

Hakihea

S 1 8 15 22 29

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24 31

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24 31

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

This calendar covers the following years: 2024, 2052 Kohitātea

Huitanguru

Poutūterangi

Paengawhāwhā

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Haratua

Pipiri

W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Mahuru S 1 8 15 22 29

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M T 1 2 7 8 9 14 15 16 21 22 23 28 29 30

Hōngongoi

Hereturikōkā

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Whiringa-ā-nuku

Whiringa-ā-rangi

Hakihea

S 1 8 15 22 29

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 31

W T F S 3 4 5 6 10 11 12 13 17 18 19 20 24 25 26 27

F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24 31

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

148

This calendar covers the following years: 2025, 2031, 2042, 2053 Kohitātea

Huitanguru

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

Haratua

Pipiri

Hōngongoi

Hereturikōkā

S 1 8 15 22 29

Mahuru

Whiringa-ā-nuku

Whiringa-ā-rangi

Hakihea

M T 1 2 7 8 9 14 15 16 21 22 23 28 29 30

W T F S 3 4 5 6 10 11 12 13 17 18 19 20 24 25 26 27

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T 3 10 17 24

Paengawhāwhā

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

M 2 9 16 23 30

Poutūterangi

W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26

F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

This calendar covers the following years: 2026, 2037, 2043, 2054 Kohitātea S

4 11 18 25

5 12 19 26

6 13 20 27

W T 1 7 8 14 15 21 22 28 29

F 2 9 16 23 30

S 3 10 17 24 31

Haratua S

F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

Poutūterangi

Paengawhāwhā

S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

S 1 8 15 22 29

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24 31

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Pipiri

Hōngongoi

Hereturikōkā

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Whiringa-ā-nuku

Whiringa-ā-rangi

Hakihea

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26

S 1 8 15 22 29

Mahuru S

Huitanguru

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 31

149

This calendar covers the following years: 2028, 2056 Kohitātea S

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Huitanguru

Poutūterangi

Paengawhāwhā

T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Haratua

Pipiri

Hōngongoi

Hereturikōkā

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

Mahuru

Whiringa-ā-nuku

Whiringa-ā-rangi

Hakihea

S 1 8 15 22 29

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24 31

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

This calendar covers the following years: 2029, 2035, 2046, 2057 Kohitātea

Huitanguru

Poutūterangi

Paengawhāwhā

S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Haratua S

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

Pipiri W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 31

Mahuru S

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Hōngongoi

Hereturikōkā

F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

S 1 8 15 22 29

Whiringa-ā-nuku

Whiringa-ā-rangi

Hakihea

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24 31

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

150

This calendar covers the following year: 2032 Kohitātea

Huitanguru

Poutūterangi

Paengawhāwhā

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Haratua

Pipiri

Hōngongoi

Hereturikōkā

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

S 1 8 15 22 29

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

Mahuru

Whiringa-ā-nuku

Whiringa-ā-rangi

Hakihea

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

7 14 21 28

M 1 8 15 22 29

T 2 9 16 23 30

W 3 10 17 24

T 4 11 18 25

F S 5 6 12 13 19 20 26 27

M 2 9 16 23 30

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

T 3 10 17 24 31

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

This calendar covers the following year: 2036 Kohitātea S

M T W 1 2 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 31

Haratua S

Huitanguru

Poutūterangi

Paengawhāwhā

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Pipiri

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M 2 9 16 23 30

2 9 16 23 30

T W T F S 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 31

Hōngongoi

S 1 8 15 22 29

Mahuru

Whiringa-ā-nuku

Whiringa-ā-rangi

Hakihea

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26

Hereturikōkā

T 3 10 17 24

M T W 1 2 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 31

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

151

This calendar covers the following year: 2040 Kohitātea

Huitanguru

Poutūterangi

Paengawhāwhā

S 1 8 15 22 29

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24 31

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

S 1 8 15 22 29

Pipiri

Hōngongoi

Hereturikōkā

F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

S 1 8 15 22 29

Mahuru

Whiringa-ā-nuku

Whiringa-ā-rangi

Hakihea

Haratua S

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24 31

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

M 2 9 16 23 30

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24

T W T F S 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 31

This calendar covers the following year: 2044 Kohitātea

Huitanguru

Poutūterangi

Paengawhāwhā

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Haratua S 1 8 15 22 29

M 2 9 16 23 30

T 3 10 17 24 31

W T F S 3 4 5 6 10 11 12 13 17 18 19 20 24 25 26 27

Pipiri M

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 31

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Hōngongoi

Whiringa-ā-nuku

Whiringa-ā-rangi

Hakihea

S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

Hereturikōkā

W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

M T W 1 2 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 30

W T F S 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28

Mahuru S

M T 1 2 7 8 9 14 15 16 21 22 23 28 29

W 2 9 16 23 30

T F S 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26

M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

152

Solomon Esera, 2018

153

This is too foreign for me But I will keep fighting anyway Try to wrap my head around it Like intellectual elastic ‘Don’t snap’ What my people tell me So I fight in every way Everyday It’s a low living standard way Plan away But the bills flow in anyway One day My people always pray But it’s ideals and theories and concepts and speeches and teachings and readings and thesis and thinking It’s like sinking It’s rethinking Don’t blink Koz you’ll miss the link But I fight anyway I fight in every way But I ask my self everyday Is this my way?

Poem from Solomon Esera, ForesightNZ workshop 2016

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Leigh McGuinness, 2008

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Hei Āwhina

The following section provides of practical information to help you with your finances and safety. This is not a definitive list; it’s a snapshot at this point in time of scenarios you’re likely to encounter. Where possible, we have suggested a resource you can turn to for advice. However, if you don’t like the advice, ask your friends and family who they would recommend. Don’t give up your search; find a source that you feel comfortable with. It’s important to base significant life decisions on good information. 1. Tax and tax codes

5. Finance

2. Family financial support

6. Health and wellbeing

3. Student loans

7. Safety and protection

4. Accommodation

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1. Tax and tax codes What is tax? Tax is a compulsory contribution to state revenue, levied by the government on workers’ income and business profits, or added to the cost of some goods and services. As an employee, you will have tax deducted through the PAYE (Pay As You Earn) system. The amount deducted will depend upon how much you earn and the tax code you use. Different tax codes apply to different situations. You must complete a tax code declaration form each time you start a new job or your situation changes and you need to be on a different tax code. The tax code you use (e.g. M or ME) depends on your level of income, how many sources of income you have and whether you have a student loan. When running a business, you need to account for income tax on your profits and the expenses/deductions you may claim against your income. During the tax year you must generally pay provisional tax, which is a series of instalments of income tax for the tax year. Inland Revenue (IRD)

Clive Antony, 2016

2. Family financial support Child support Child support is financial support paid by parents who either don’t live with their children or share care of their children with another person. This usually happens when:

You need an IRD number if you earn income, join KiwiSaver, apply for a student loan and more.

•

A couple with children split up,

•

Two people not living together have a child or

Application forms for an IRD number can be found on the IRD website.

•

The children don’t live with either parent.

Working for Families Work and Income and Inland Revenue help with the costs and challenges of working and raising a family through Working for Families. Inland Revenue can help with Working for Families Tax Credits. Work and Income help with: •

Childcare costs (including for preschool and before/after school care) and

•

Accommodation costs through the Accommodation Supplement.

Kate McGuinness, 2012

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3. Student loans StudyLink can help you finance your study. Through StudyLink you can apply for either a student loan (which you have to pay back) or an allowance (which you do not have to pay back). 4. Accommodation Renting a property Here are some tips to help you when renting a property. 1. Know your rights and responsibilities (listed on the Tenancy Services website). 2. Work out what you can afford to pay; don’t forget to factor in bond and rent in advance. 3. Do your research and choose a good landlord. 4. Get renters insurance. 5. Record the condition of the property. 6. Only sign documents when you’re ready, preferably after getting them looked over by someone with renting experience, or a lawyer. 7. Get a receipt for any rent paid by cash or for any bond you pay to the landlord. 8. Keep all documents relating to your tenancy in a safe place. 9. Get services like power and Internet hooked up.

You should read your tenancy agreement carefully before signing it, so you understand your rights and responsibilities. The Tenancy Services website has lots of information about starting renting. They have easy-to-understand guides to download. Be careful when it comes to signing a lease, especially when sharing a lease with other people (e.g. in a flat). Be sure to read all the fine print. If you have any enquiries or have a dispute with your landlord that you can’t sort out between you, you can go to the Tenancy Tribunal. Buying a property There are a number of services that provide guidance on buying a property. The Real Estate Authority (REA) can help guide you through the buying process, right from when you start thinking about buying through to when you move in. 5. Finance Bank accounts A bank account keeps your money safe, offers convenience and is an easy way to save. To open an account, banks require you to have photo identification, proof of address and an IRD number.

10. Tell the landlord if something needs fixing. 11. Give 21 days notice to leave a periodic tenancy (one that can be ended by notice). 12. A fixed-term tenancy cannot be ended early by notice. Download a renter’s checklist from ACC or Tenancy Services. A tenancy agreement is a contract between a landlord and a tenant. It records all the key things that are agreed to about the tenancy. Your tenancy agreement must be in writing, and the landlord must give you a copy before the tenancy begins.

Apurva Kasture, 2016

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Wendy McGuinness, 2018

5. Finance cont. Saving Here are seven money-saving tips: 1. Set savings goals. 2. Make saving automatic. 3. Pay your bills on time. 4. Avoid impulse spending. 5. Combine your debt and save on interest. 6. Cancel unnecessary memberships and subscriptions. 7. Make healthy choices to help you save. Debt Before you borrow money, consider your options and financial situation. Below are some pointers if you find yourself in too much debt: •

See a financial mentor; use the free budgeting services in your area.

•

Tell your creditors (the people you owe money to) immediately if you can’t pay on time. For information and advice see the Citizen’s Advice Bureau (CAB). The CAB provides a universal service and can also help with tenancy rights, general income tax rights and obligations, wills and more.

Hire purchases A hire purchase is a deal where you can take home a product and use it while you pay it off. It is a form of credit purchase. Hire purchases can seem like an easy way to buy something when you don’t have the money up front, but there are many underlying issues (e.g. high interest rates) so be careful. If you do decide to go into one, make sure you have all the information.

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A seller must provide you with a disclosure statement. This must have all the information about the hire purchase agreement’s costs, such as: •

How much repayments will be,

•

Interest charges,

•

All other fees and charges,

•

What happens if you default on payment and

•

Whether there are any early repayment fees. This is particularly important to check for on interest-free loans.

Credit cards It’s helpful to know a little about the general process of applying for a credit card. This isn’t a definitive list, as all credit card applications are subject to individual lending criteria. Check the interest rates and consider your financial ability to make repayments. You’ll need: •

Identification (you need to be 18),

•

Your bank account details,

•

Evidence of your ability to repay, and

•

Your credit history.

KiwiSaver/Poua he Oranga KiwiSaver is a voluntary savings initiative to help you with your long-term saving for retirement. Your KiwiSaver is made up of contributions to your account, typically from deductions from your wages, contributions from your employer and an annual tax credit paid by the government. You can also make voluntary contributions to your KiwiSaver. Contributions are invested for you in a KiwiSaver scheme. When you’re automatically enrolled in KiwiSaver, you’ll be provisionally allocated to either a default scheme or your employer’s chosen scheme. You can decide whether to stay in the scheme you’re in, or enrol in a different one, depending on your needs for your life situation.

Your KiwiSaver savings will be locked in until you’re eligible for superannuation. You may be able to make an early withdrawal of your savings if you’re buying your first home, moving overseas permanently, suffering significant financial hardship, or if you fall seriously ill. Insurance People have accidents and things go wrong, and the right insurance cover can help protect you against all kinds of risk. Today there are many different types of insurance, including home and contents, motor vehicle, commercial property, liability, cyber, travel, health, life and income protection. An insurance broker can work with you to help you figure out the right insurances for you, no matter what your age. For people aged between 18 and 25, the most common types of insurance to take out are contents and private motor vehicle. Below are some things you may not know about these insurance types. Contents insurance provides cover in the case of a fire, flood, earthquake, burglary or accident that results in damage or loss to your personal belongings. A good contents insurance policy can also provide you with some limited liability protection. This is helpful because if you don’t have the right insurance you could be exposed as an individual to being held liable for causing accidental damage to a property that you’re living in or to someone else’s house or property. Owning a car also comes with risk, and motor vehicle insurance can help provide protection and mitigate your risk. When a car accident occurs people may be injured and vehicles or other property damaged. Damage or loss can also occur through theft, vandalism, natural disasters or even storm weather events. It’s important to review your insurances at least once a year. You should talk to a broker if your personal circumstances change, to make sure you still have the right insurance in place to protect the things that matter the most to you.

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6. Health and wellbeing Maintaining health is about more than just seeing your doctor regularly for physical check-ups. It’s also important to check in with your mental wellbeing. This section includes information that may help you to more precisely express how you are feeling at any given moment: lists of emotions (see discussion on page 17) and needs (this list is used for the exercise below), as well as a list of positive

How to

character traits (see discussions on pages 9 and 14) and an outline of what to say and what not to say to someone who might be depressed. Your feelings can be used to navigate situations. The simple exercise below illustrates how you can use how you feel to shape better outcomes. This is just one of many different tools out there that may be useful.

Example

Write down what’s going on – try to be specific and avoid judging yourself or others.

How do you feel? Use the emotions list.

I’m feeling anxious and overwhelmed.

What are your needs? Use the needs list.

I need support, rest, relaxation and self-care.

I have something on every night next week and I haven’t scheduled any downtime.

How do you want to feel when you’ve met these needs?

I want to feel content, calm and joyful.

How could you meet these needs? Remember there are lots of different ways you can meet a need. Can you bring your creativity? Write down three ideas for each need.

I’m going to reschedule my meetings on Tuesday and Thursday, schedule some technology-free self-care time, ask Claire to come for a bush walk on Saturday and ask Kahu if he would cook on Tuesday.

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Adapted from SaarimĂ¤ki et al., 2016

(i) List of emotions Surprise alarmed amazed astonished bemused bewildered confused perplexed puzzled shocked startled surprised touched wondering Sadness anguished blue broken-hearted dejected depressed despairing despondent

discouraged disenchanted disheartened distressed downcast downhearted forlorn gloomy heavy-hearted hurt lethargic listless lonely miserable mopey morose mournful pessimistic sad sensitive sorrowful troubled unhappy

upset withdrawn woeful wretched Anger aggravated agitated angry annoyed anxious bitter chagrined cross cranky dismayed displeased embittered exasperated fierce frustrated furious hostile

irate irked irritated jealous mad resentful uptight vexed Fear afraid anxious ashamed edgy embarrassed fidgety frantic frightened jittery nervous overwhelmed panicky restless

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6. Health and wellbeing (i) List of emotions cont. scared sceptical shaky suspicious terrified uncomfortable uneasy unnerved worried Disgust bilious disgruntled disgusted disturbed horrified nauseous repelled sickening yucky Happiness affectionate animated appreciative blissful calm carefree cheerful confident contented cool delighted eager ecstatic effervescent elated enchanted encouraged energetic engrossed enlivened enthusiastic excited exhilarated expansive expectant fascinated

(ii) List of needs free friendly fulfilled glad good-humoured grateful gratified happy helpful hopeful inquisitive inspired intense interested intrigued invigorated involved joyful jubilant merry optimistic pleased secure thrilled tranquil trusting zestful Adapted from Rosenberg, 2005

Emotions are often linked to needs and negative emotions can indicate a particular need is not being met. This list is provided to help you complete the exercise on page 160. Subsistence and Security Physical Sustenance air food health movement physical safety rest/sleep shelter touch water Security consistency order/structure peace (external) peace of mind protection safety (emotional) stability Freedom autonomy choice ease independence power self-responsibility space spontaneity Leisure/Relaxation humour joy play pleasure rejuvenation Connection Affection appreciation attention

closeness companionship harmony intimacy love nurturing sexual expression support tenderness warmth To Matter acceptance care compassion consideration empathy kindness mutual recognition respect to be heard, seen to be known, understood to be trusted understanding others Community belonging communication cooperation equality inclusion mutuality participation partnership self-expression sharing Meaning Sense of Self authenticity competence creativity

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(iii) List of positive character traits dignity growth healing honesty integrity mattering to myself self-acceptance self-care self-connection self-knowledge self-realisation

There are many character traits you can use to describe people you know â&#x20AC;&#x201C; your family, people at work and your friends. These traits often reveal themselves over time and become apparent when people are under pressure, when people are in leadership positions or when you need help. As noted in the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;How Toâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; section of this journal (see page 14), character is something we need to work at all day every day. Below is a list of positive characteristics you may like to look through:

Understanding awareness clarity discovery learning making sense of life stimulation

attentive brave capable caring collaborative compassionate considerate consistent courageous courteous creative dependable determined disciplined efficient empathetic enthusiastic fair flexible generous gentle honest humble humorous kind loyal non-judgemental optimistic passionate patient proactive reliable remorseful resourceful respectable responsible self-controlled

Meaning aliveness challenge consciousness contribution creativity effectiveness exploration integration purpose Transcendence beauty celebration of life communion faith flow hope inspiration mourning peace (internal) presence Adapted from BayNVC, 2014

solid steady strong supportive thoughtful tolerant trusting unwavering well-mannered wise

164 6. Health and wellbeing (iv) List of what to say and not to say to someone who might be depressed

1. ‘I can see that you’re struggling, and I’m concerned about you. Can I do anything to help?’

‘Harden up and stop feeling sorry for yourself.’

2. ‘Maybe we can grab a coffee and catch up? I’m here if you need someone to listen.’

‘Come out with me and the boys. We’ll have some fun, have a drink, and forget about it.’

3. ‘I didn’t realise you were struggling. I’m here now if you need to talk.’

There’s a big difference between feeling sorry for yourself, and struggling with depression, and telling someone to harden up only makes them feel worse.

A night out on the town watching other people have fun is no cure for depression. Depression isn’t just a bad day – it’s a hundred bad days, all at once, with seemingly no way out.

‘What have you got to be depressed about?’ Depression isn’t always caused by a traumatic or sad event. Sometimes, it just happens. That doesn’t make it any less serious.

4. ‘I need a walking buddy! Will you walk with me?’

‘You need to go to the gym and get some exercise.’

5. ‘I’m sorry that you’re hurting. How can I help you?’

‘Other people have it much worse than you do.’

6. ‘You don’t have to deal with this alone. I am here for you.’

‘You just have to deal with it.’

7. ‘I’m sorry this is happening to you, but we can and WILL get you through this.’

‘Life isn’t fair.’

8. ‘I hate seeing you so down. What can I do to help?’

‘Bro, you’re bringing everyone down.’

Although exercise can help combat bad days, when someone is struggling with depression it may be too difficult to even get out of bed some days.

Someone else having problems does not make your problems disappear.

Someone who struggles with depression IS dealing with it… every single day… as best they can. Saying this undermines them and could make them feel like they aren’t good enough.

This is, once again, downplaying this person’s feelings. No, life may not be fair, but that won’t make them feel any better about their situation.

Depression is not a choice. A person struggling with depression may feel helpless. They are struggling to help themselves; the last thing they need is the extra worry and pain of trying to help you.

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9. ‘I can only imagine what you must be going through, but I will try to understand the best I can.’

‘I know how you feel, I was depressed once.’

10. ‘Take it one day at a time, and I’ll be here with you through them all.’

‘You’ll feel better tomorrow.’

11. ‘I will be with you to help you rediscover the things you have to live for.’

‘Life goes on.’

12. ‘I really miss you. What can I do to help?’

‘You’re being selfish.’

13. ‘I don’t like the thought of you dealing with this alone. Maybe I can come over or we can go somewhere together.’

‘You just need to get out of the house!’

14. ‘You seem to be having a difficult time and I just want you to know that I’m here for you.’

‘Everyone else is dealing with life, so why can’t you?’

15. ‘I believe in you, and I know you can get through this. I will be here every step of the way.’

‘You’re strong, you’ll be fine.’

Adapted from The Key to Life Charitable Trust, 2014

It might go without saying, but no one person’s feelings are exactly the same. This could make them feel as if you’re downplaying their feelings and struggle. Not everyone deals with things the same way, and that holds true for depression.

This isn’t fair, and it puts a lot of pressure on a person who is already struggling. Depression isn’t something that goes away overnight.

Yeah, life does go on, but for someone dealing with depression, it can feel as if they are stuck with no way out. They probably have trouble imagining getting through a day, let alone the entire week.

Chances are, a person struggling with depression is probably already being incredibly hard on themselves. They don’t need you to cut them down as well. Depression is not a choice, they are not choosing this.

Again, for someone struggling with depression, leaving the house could seem next to impossible. And even if they do, leaving the house isn’t a fix for depression.

Depression is not a choice. It happens. And when it happens, it will affect anyone and everyone differently.

Depression will make anyone feel weak and helpless.

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7. Safety and protection Phone 111 in emergency situations, for the police, fire service or an ambulance. The numbers 911 (US emergency number) or 112 (EU emergency number) can be used in many countries worldwide. When an emergency or the unexpected happens, consider gathering evidence in the form of digital records like photos and videos if it is safe to do so. This could be in the case of an accident, if you’ve experienced a burglary, or if you or someone you know is attacked. In most cases it is important not to disturb anything that could be considered evidence. Before removing clothing or touching anything at a crime scene, take advice from the police or other emergency services. This is particularly important for the New Zealand Police, medical assistance and insurance purposes. If your friends or family find themselves in a challenging or unsafe situation, be aware that they may be in shock and you might have to advise them and take over the situation. You may need to step up. Remember to use the technology you have at hand to help you. Writing a will A will is a legal document drawn up to ensure that everyone understands what you’d like done with your estate (everything you own and any debts you owe) when you die.

Chr

Jessica Langtry, 2016

This document will also state the name of your will executor (the person responsible for carrying out your wishes). Every adult needs a will. If you don’t have an up-to-date will when you die, the people closest to you may have problems carrying out your wishes. What happens with your estate may not be what you intended. Without a will, the law decides how your assets are divided and what happens to the people who depend on you (e.g. children and/or other dependents). It is important to check/update your will regularly. For more information on writing a will, contact the Public Trust.

Please feel free to add any other ‘Go To’ information opposite.

Justin Crook, 2015

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Government House, 2017

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E ngā rangatahi o Aotearoa, tēnā koutou. Today you, our young men and women, have more opportunities than ever before to shape your own destinies and the future of our country. I encourage you to seize these opportunities, to work together and to unleash your potential – the wairua that lies within you – to ensure that Aotearoa New Zealand is prosperous yet compassionate, innovative yet inclusive, and mindful always of the importance of seeking an environmentally sustainable future for our planet. As New Zealanders, we must aim to stand tall as good global citizens. I encourage you to learn about our history and work towards a future that builds on the lessons of the past, so that the generations that follow you will feel inspired by and proud of what you achieved. ‘Haere whakamua titiro whakamuri’ ‘Walk into the future with eyes open to the past’.

Her Excellency The Right Honourable Dame Patsy Reddy, GNZM, QSO, Governor-General of New Zealand 2018

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Nicholas Shackleton, 2017

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Me Mōhio The Treaty of Waitangi / Te Tiriti o Waitangi (1840) is New Zealand’s founding document. Te Tiriti can be viewed in a permanent exhibition called He Tohu at the National Library in Wellington (see photo opposite), and the text can be found overleaf. The following excerpt from Dame Claudia Orange’s contribution to Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand very briefly introduces Te Tiriti’s place in New Zealand: The Treaty of Waitangi, New Zealand’s founding document, was meant to be a partnership between Māori and the British Crown. Although it was intended to create unity, different understandings of the treaty, and breaches of it, have caused conflict. From the 1970s the general public gradually came to know more about the treaty, and efforts to honour the treaty and its principles expanded. Knowing how to engage with New Zealand’s political system can be difficult. Here are seven resources for you to read and consider. 1. Governor-General The following excerpt from the Governor-General’s website explains the constitutional arrangements of Aotearoa New Zealand: New Zealand is an independent sovereign nation. Because it is a monarchy, New Zealand is called a ‘Realm.’ The Realm of New Zealand comprises New Zealand, Tokelau, the Ross Dependency and the selfgoverning states of the Cook Islands and Niue. As Head of State of New Zealand, Queen Elizabeth’s formal New Zealand title is: ‘Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.’ The Governor-General is the representative of the Head of State, Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand. The office and powers of the Governor-General are set out in the Letters Patent Constituting the Office of Governor-General of New Zealand. The Letters Patent were completely revised in 1983 and amended in 1987 and 2006. The Queen appoints the Governor-General, whose formal title is Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief in and over New Zealand, on the advice of New Zealand’s Prime Minister, usually for a term of five years.

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Te Tiriti o Waitangi

Ko Wikitoria te Kuini o Ingarani i tana mahara atawai ki nga Rangatira me nga Hapu o Nu Tirani i tana hiahia hoki kia tohungia ki a ratou o ratou rangatiratanga me to ratou wenua, a kia mau tonu hoki te Rongo ki a ratou me te Atanoho hoki kua wakaaro ia he mea tika kia tukua mai tetahi Rangatira–hei kai wakarite ki nga Tangata maori o Nu Tirani–kia wakaaetia e nga Rangatira maori te Kawanatanga o te Kuini ki nga wahikatoa o te Wenua nei me nga Motu– na te mea hoki he tokomaha ke nga tangata o tona Iwi Kua noho ki tenei wenua, a e haere mai nei. Na ko te Kuini e hiahia ana kia wakaritea te Kawanatanga kia kaua ai nga kino e puta mai ki te tangata Maori ki te Pakeha e noho ture kore ana. Na, kua pai te Kuini kia tukua a hau a Wiremu Hopihona he Kapitana i te Roiara Nawi hei Kawana mo nga wahi katoa o Nu Tirani e tukua aianei, amoa atu ki te Kuini, e mea atu ana ia ki nga Rangatira o te wakaminenga o nga hapu o Nu Tirani me era Rangatira atu enei ture ka korerotia nei. Ko te Tuatahi Ko nga Rangatira o te wakaminenga me nga Rangatira katoa hoki ki hai i uru ki taua wakaminenga ka tuku rawa atu ki te Kuini o Ingarani ake tonu atu–te Kawanatanga katoa o ratou wenua. Ko te Tuarua Ko te Kuini o Ingarani ka wakarite ka wakaae ki nga Rangatira ki nga hapu–ki nga tangata katoa o Nu Tirani te tino rangatiratanga o ratou wenua o ratou kainga me o ratou taonga katoa. Otiia ko nga Rangatira o te wakaminenga me nga Rangatira katoa atu ka tuku ki te Kuini te hokonga o era wahi wenua e pai ai te tangata nona te Wenua–ki te ritenga o te utu e wakaritea ai e ratou ko te kai hoko e meatia nei e te Kuini hei kai hoko mona.

Nicholas Shackleton, 2017

Ko te Tuatoru Hei wakaritenga mai hoki tenei mo te wakaaetanga ki te Kawanatanga o te Kuini–Ka tiakina e te Kuini o Ingarani nga tangata maori katoa o Nu Tirani ka tukua ki a ratou nga tikanga katoa rite tahi ki ana mea ki nga tangata o Ingarani. [signed] William Hobson Consul and LieutenantGovernor Na ko matou ko nga Rangatira o te Wakaminenga o nga hapu o Nu Tirani ka huihui nei ki Waitangi ko matou hoki ko nga Rangatira o Nu Tirani ka kite nei i te ritenga o enei kupu, ka tangohia ka wakaaetia katoatia e matou, koia ka tohungia ai o matou ingoa o matou tohu. Ka meatia tenei ki Waitangi i te ono o nga ra o Pepueri i te tau kotahi mano, e waru rau e wa te kau o to tatou Ariki.

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The Treaty of Waitangi

Preamble

Article the Second

Her Majesty Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland regarding with Her Royal Favour the Native Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and anxious to protect their just Rights and Property and to secure to them the enjoyment of Peace and Good Order has deemed it necessary in consequence of the great number of Her Majesty’s Subjects who have already settled in New Zealand and the rapid extension of Emigration both from Europe and Australia which is still in progress to constitute and appoint a functionary properly authorized to treat with the Aborigines of New Zealand for the recognition of Her Majesty’s Sovereign authority over the whole or any part of those islands.

Her Majesty the Queen of England confirms and guarantees to the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and to the respective families and individuals thereof the full exclusive and undisturbed possession of their Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and other properties which they may collectively or individually possess so long as it is their wish and desire to retain the same in their possession; but the Chiefs of the United Tribes and the individual Chiefs yield to Her Majesty the exclusive right of Preemption over such lands as the proprietors thereof may be disposed to alienate at such prices as may be agreed upon between the respective Proprietors and persons appointed by Her Majesty to treat with them in that behalf.

Her Majesty therefore being desirous to establish a settled form of Civil Government with a view to avert the evil consequences which must result from the absence of the necessary Laws and Institutions alike to the native population and to Her subjects has been graciously pleased to empower and to authorize ‘me William Hobson a Captain’ in Her Majesty’s Royal Navy Consul and Lieutenant Governor of such parts of New Zealand as may be or hereafter shall be ceded to Her Majesty to invite the confederated and independent Chiefs of New Zealand to concur in the following Articles and Conditions.

Article the Third

Article the First The Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand and the separate and independent Chiefs who have not become members of the Confederation cede to Her Majesty the Queen of England absolutely and without reservation all the rights and powers of Sovereignty which the said Confederation or Individual Chiefs respectively exercise or possess, or may be supposed to exercise or to possess, over their respective Territories as the sole Sovereigns thereof.

In consideration thereof Her Majesty the Queen of England extends to the Natives of New Zealand Her royal protection and imparts to them all the Rights and Privileges of British Subjects. [Signed] W Hobson Lieutenant Governor Now therefore We the Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand being assembled in Congress at Victoria in Waitangi and We the Separate and Independent Chiefs of New Zealand claiming authority over the Tribes and Territories which are specified after our respective names, having been made fully to understand the Provisions of the foregoing Treaty, accept and enter into the same in the full spirit and meaning thereof in witness of which we have attached our signatures or marks at the places and the dates respectively specified Done at Waitangi this Sixth day of February in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty.

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New Zealand’s constitution is not found in one document. Instead, it has a number of sources, including crucial pieces of legislation, several legal documents, common law derived from court decisions as well as established constitutional practices known as conventions. [This is best explained in the 2017 Cabinet Manual, see excerpt below]. Increasingly, New Zealand’s constitution reflects the Treaty of Waitangi as a founding document of government in New Zealand. The Constitution Act 1986 is a key formal statement of New Zealand’s system of government, in particular the executive, legislature and the judiciary. The Act recognises the Queen as the Head of State of New Zealand and the Governor-General as her representative. Other laws that outline the powers and functions of the three branches of government in more detail include the State Sector Act 1988, the Electoral Act 1993, the Judicature Act 1908 and the Supreme Court Act 2003. Other important legislation includes the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975, Ombudsmen Act 1975, the Official Information Act 1982, the Public Finance Act 1989, the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, the Human Rights Act 1993. 2. Cabinet Manual The following excerpt from the 2017 Cabinet Manual explains how democracy works in practice: The Queen reigns . . . This basic equation and the democratic character of the main conventions appear clearly in relation to the powers of the Queen and Governor-General under the law. Thus they may appoint Ministers and other holders of important offices (such as the Judges, the Defence Chiefs, the Ombudsmen, and the Controller and AuditorGeneral), they may dismiss them (following certain procedures), they may summon and dissolve Parliaments, they may assent – or not – to Bills passed through the House, and they may agree – or not – to proposed regulations and other decisions submitted to them by the Executive Council and Ministers. . . . but the government rules . . . The Queen and the Governor-General are free to take those steps as a matter of law. But, as a matter of convention, they do so only on the advice of the Prime Minister or Ministers who have the support of the House of Representatives – that is, on the advice of those who are elected by the New Zealand voters, and who belong to a party which has a majority in the House; or who are part of a coalition which has a majority; or who, as a minority, are accepted by the House as able to sit on the Treasury benches. There must always be a ministry (the government of the day) to advise the Queen or Governor-General. . . . so long as it has the support of the House of Representatives. This convention of course incorporates its own limit – one that conforms with democratic principle. If the government loses the support of the House, or if the Prime Minister loses his or her support as the leader of that government, then the ministry or the Prime Minister is likely to change: another party or combination of parties may now have the support of the House, or a new leader may be identified as

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Prime Minister. Or the Governor-General may face a more difficult situation because the position in the House or the governing party is unclear. The following excerpt from the 2017 Cabinet Manual explains the distinction between Parliament and the House of Representatives. Put simply, Parliament is made up of the Sovereign (who is represented in New Zealand by the Governor-General) and the House of Representatives. The Constitution Act 1986 is the principal formal statement of New Zealand’s constitutional arrangements. The Act first recognises that the Queen – the Sovereign in right of New Zealand – is the Head of State of New Zealand, and that the GovernorGeneral appointed by her is her representative in New Zealand. Each can, in general, exercise all the powers of the other. The Act then deals with the Executive, the legislature, and the judiciary. The provisions about the Executive emphasise its parliamentary character. Only Members of Parliament may be Ministers of the Crown, members of the Executive Council, and Parliamentary Under-Secretaries. One Minister may also act for another. Parliament – the legislature – consists of the Sovereign [currently the Queen] and the House of Representatives. Each Parliament has a term of three years, unless it is earlier dissolved. The Governor-General has the power to summon, prorogue and dissolve Parliament. The members of the House [the House of Representatives] are elected in accordance with the Electoral Act 1993. The following excerpt from the 2017 Cabinet Manual explains the difference between the Executive Council and Cabinet. Put simply, the Executive Council comprises all Ministers of the Crown, but not all Ministers are in Cabinet. The office of Governor-General is apolitical. By convention, the Governor-General avoids becoming involved in the party politics of government, despite having an integral role in the formal processes of government. The Executive Council, which is constituted by the Letters Patent, is the highest formal instrument of government. It is the institution through which the government collectively and formally advises the Governor-General. [Therefore the] Governor-General presides over, but is not a member of, the Executive Council. Following the formation of a government, the Governor-General appoints the Prime Minister-designate as a member of the Executive Council, and then signs his or her warrant of appointment as Prime Minister. Once appointed, the Prime Minister advises the Governor-General on the appointment of the other members of the Executive Council. After the Executive Council has been appointed, a meeting of the Council is convened and the Council members take the oaths or affirmations prescribed in the Oaths and Declarations Act 1957. Members of the Executive Council must be members of Parliament, as set out in the Constitution Act 1986. Ministers derive their power to advise the Sovereign and the Sovereign’s representative from their membership of the Executive Council. All

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Ministers of the Crown are therefore members of the Executive Council, whether or not they are members of the Cabinet. Orders in Council are the main method, apart from Acts of Parliament, by which the government implements decisions that require the force of law. Meetings of the Executive Council are called for the purpose of making such orders and carrying out other formal acts of state. The decisions [of Cabinet] often take a legal form that departs from the practical and conventional reality; the decision taken in fact by Cabinet has then to be taken, as a matter of law, by the Governor-General in Council, the Governor-General or a Minister, as the law requires; or the Bill passed by the House through all its readings has to be assented to by the Governor-General to become law. The Cabinet, essentially a body established by convention, has no legal power[.] The system of Cabinet government is an essential element of New Zealand’s democracy. Cabinet provides the forum in which Ministers collectively consider, debate, and decide on the key issues facing the nation. The operations of Cabinet are not set out in legislation, but have evolved over time into the system we have today. The Cabinet Manual is the primary authority on the conduct of Cabinet government in New Zealand. It documents Cabinet’s procedure and provides authoritative guidance for Ministers, their offices, and those working within government. Successive governments have endorsed the Cabinet Manual as a principled and effective basis on which to operate. Each iteration of the Cabinet Manual records incremental changes in the constitutional and administrative arrangements of executive government. The following excerpt from the 2017 Cabinet Manual explains how you can engage in public policy through making submissions and engaging in the select committee processes. Select committees invite and manage the public submission process, see the website to see what is currently before the House. The emphasis on greater transparency in decision making and policy development is also to be seen in the legislation governing the government’s spending and fiscal policies and in the operation of the parliamentary select committee processes. The House of Representatives must receive free and frank answers and evidence from those who appear before its committees. Parliamentary proceedings are protected by parliamentary privilege to ensure that those participating in them, including witnesses before select committees, do so without fear of external consequences. The following excerpt from the 2017 Cabinet Manual explains the link between the judiciary and the government: The Attorney-General is the principal legal adviser (the ‘senior law officer’) to the government. The Attorney-General is a Minister and almost always a member of Cabinet. In Cabinet and Cabinet committee meetings, the Attorney-General gives legal advice and encourages ministerial colleagues to seek appropriate legal advice in the course of government decision-making. The Attorney-General should be consulted on policy papers that raise significant legal issues.

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The Attorney-General has particular responsibility for maintaining the rule of law. The Attorney-General has a responsibility to notify Cabinet of any proposals or government actions that do not comply with existing law and to propose action to remedy such matters. The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 requires the AttorneyGeneral to report to Parliament if a bill appears to be inconsistent with this Act. The Attorney-General is the link between the judiciary and executive government. The Attorney-General recommends the appointment of judges and has an important role in defending the judiciary by answering improper or unfair public criticism, and discouraging ministerial colleagues from criticising judges and their decisions. 3. New Zealand Parliament The following excerpts from the New Zealand Parliament website explain the difference between submissions and advice. Further information on where to make a submission and where to find the results of submissions can be found on this website. Submissions and advice are released to the public by select committees. Submissions can be written by anyone, and help the committee understand what the public think about a particular issue. Advice is written by the committeesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; official advisers. Advisers are appointed for each issue a committee considers, and generally come from government organisations. Advice is usually released after a committee has finished considering the issue it relates to.

Matt Wort, 2018

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4. Electoral Commission The main way people give consent as to who governs New Zealanders and New Zealand is through our electoral system. The following excerpts from the Electoral Commission website explain general and local elections: [General elections] Citizens and permanent residents who are aged 18 years and over are required to enrol to vote. Voting is not compulsory [in New Zealand]. If you’re of Māori descent you can choose to be on either the General electoral roll or the Māori electoral roll. Every New Zealand citizen who is enrolled as an elector is eligible to be a candidate for election as an MP. [Local elections] Local elections are held once every three years. The elections are for city and district councils, regional councils and District Health Boards. In some parts of New Zealand, elections will also be held for local and community boards, licensing trusts and some other organisations. Anyone who is correctly enrolled can vote in the local elections where they live. Also, voters who own property within a local council area, but who usually live outside this, can apply to go on the ratepayer roll. They will then be able to vote in the area where they pay rates, and the area where they live. 5. New Zealand Treasury The following excerpts from the New Zealand Treasury website explain Treasury’s role and how it prepares the Budget and the Financial Statements of the Government of New Zealand. The Treasury is New Zealand’s lead advisor to the Government on economic and financial policy. [The Treasury’s] vision is focused on higher living standards for New Zealanders. Achieving this requires growing the country’s human, social, natural, and financial/ physical capitals which together represent New Zealand’s economic capital. The Treasury helps in the preparation of the government’s annual Budget by: • advising the Minister of Finance on Budget policy, • preparing the macroeconomic and fiscal forecasts, • compiling and processing budget initiative proposals from Vote Ministers, and • preparing budget documents such as the Estimates, the Budget Economic and Fiscal Update and the Fiscal Strategy Report. The Treasury publishes monthly and annual (year end) financial statements for the government reporting entity. These provide information on the government’s assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and cash flows.

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6. State Services Commission In addition to central government and its corresponding electoral boundaries, a variety of other governance and administrative boundaries operate in New Zealand. The diagram below illustrates how the State Services Commission sees these different structures as forming the public sector, while the remaining part of this section illustrates the various governance boundaries and instruments operating in New Zealand. Public sector map

Excerpt from SSC, 2018

7. Other governance and administration boundaries There are a number of governance and administrative boundaries within New Zealand, which are important to consider when thinking about how we create change. The following pages are a snapshot of the different boundary lines in New Zealand as of 2018. If and when these lines change, feel free to annotate them to keep them current.

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7 MÄ ori Electorate boundaries

64 General Electorate boundaries

67 Territorial Authorities

16 Regional Councils

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11 Work and Income regions

11 Oranga Tamariki â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Ministry for Children boundaries

20 District Health Boards

12 Public Health Services

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10 Ministry of Education areas

26 Judicial boundaries

16 Civil Defence Emergency Management boundaries

12 Police Districts

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13 Regions of Te Kāhui Māngai (Directory of Iwi and Māori Organisations)

Te Tai Tokerau Ngāi Takoto Ngāti Kurī Te Aupōuri Ngāti Kahu Ngāti Kahu ki Whangaroa Ngāpuhi / Ngāti Kahu ki Whaingaroa Te Rarawa Te Roroa Ngāpuhi Ngātiwai Ngāti Whātua Te Uri o Hau Tāmaki Ngāti Whātua Ngāti Whātua o Kaipara Ngāti Whātua o Ōrākei Ngāti Rehua Ngāti Manuhiri Anne George, 2018

Te Kawerau a Maki Ngāti Tamaoho Te Ākitai Waiohua Ngāti Maru (Hauraki) Te Patukirikiri Ngāti Paoa Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki Ngāti Tamaterā Ngāti Whanaunga Ngāti Te Ata Waikato Hauraki Ngāti Hako Ngāti Hei Ngāti Maru (Hauraki) Ngāti Paoa

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Te Patukirikiri

Ngāti Rongomai

Ngā Rauru Kītahi

Ngāti Porou ki Harataunga ki Mataora

Ngāti Rangiwewehi Ngāti Rangitihi

Whanganui Iwi / Te Atihaunui a Pāpārangi

Ngāti Tamaterā

Mātaatua

Ngāti Hāua (Upper Whanganui)

Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki

Ngāti Awa

Ngāti Rāhiri Tumutumu

Ngāti Manawa

Ngāti Tara Tokanui

Ngāti Whare

Ngāti Whanaunga

Ngāitai (Bay Of Plenty)

Ngāti Pūkenga ki Waiau

Whakatōhea Tainui

Te Whānau a Apanui

Waikato

Tūhoe

Ngāti Korokī Kahukura

Ngāti Ruapani mai Waikaremoana

Ngāti Hauā Raukawa Ngāti Hinerangi Maniapoto Pouākani Rereahu Tauranga Moana Ngāti Pūkenga Ngāi Te Rangi

Te Tai Rāwhiti Ngāti Porou Te Aitanga ā Māhaki Rongowhakaata Ngāi Tāmanuhiri Tākitimu Ngāti Kahungunu

Ngāti Ranginui

Te Wairoa iwi and hapu

Te Arawa Waka

Ngāti Hineuru

Ngāti Tūwharetoa

Maungaharuru Tangitū Hapū

Ngāti Tūrangitukua

Ahuriri Hapū

Ngāti Tūwharetoa (Bay of Plenty)

Ngāti Kahungunu ki Heretaunga Tamatea

Ngāti Mākino Ngāti Pikiao

Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa – Tāmaki Nui ā Rua

Ngāti Rangiteaorere

Rangitāne

Tapuika Ngāti Tarāwhai Tūhourangi Te Ure o Uenukukōpako / Ngāti Whakaue Waitaha Ngāti Tahu / Ngāti Whaoa Ngāti Kea / Ngāti Tuarā

Ngāti Pāhauwera

Hauāuru Ngāti Tama Ngāti Mutunga Te Atiawa (Taranaki) Taranaki Ngāti Maru (Taranaki) Ngāruahine Ngāti Ruanui

Te Korowai o Wainuiārua (Central Whanganui) Whanganui Land Settlement (Lower Whanganui) Ngāti Rangi Ngāti Apa Ngāti Hauiti Te Moana O Raukawa Rangitāne Muaūpoko Ngāti Raukawa ki te Tonga Ngāti Toa Rangatira Te Atiawa ki Whakarongotai Te Atiawa (Wellington) Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika Te Tau Ihu Ngāti Toa Rangatira Te Atiawa o Te Waka-a-Māui Ngāti Apa ki te Rā Tō Rangitāne o Wairau Ngāti Kuia Ngāti Rārua Ngāti Kōata Ngāti Tama ki Te Tau Ihu Waipounamu and Rēkohu/ Wharekauri Ngāi Tahu Ngāti Mutunga o Wharekauri (Chatham Islands) Moriori Please feel free to add any other ‘To Know’ information opposite.

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Lucas Perelini, 2017

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Ngā wawata Mō ngā uri whakaheke nei. Tīaho mai rā Ngā hurihanga o te ao. The aspirations of the future generations. Illuminating the ever evolving world.

Shaquille Shortland, WakaNZ workshop 2017

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Clive Antony, 2017

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Pātaka Maumahara

The following pages provide an opportunity for you to create your own time capsule, which you can access at a future date. Unlike other time capsules that are designed to be opened by future generations, this one is designed just for future you. To create some structure in your capsule, we have divided the questions into three sections: He Tangata / People, He Wāhi / Places and Aronga / Purpose. The information recorded in these sections illustrates how we tend to identify ourselves in our globalised world. Each section contains a ‘Why’ and a ‘How’ to explain the significance of the questions and how they can be completed. It’s important to know that this information will not be perfect or complete, as there is no way you can write everything down that makes you unique. Your responses to the questions will be different depending on your mood or even the time of day you answer the them. These pages are for you to play with and explore how your thinking changes over time.

He Tangata / People 1.

Pārongo/ Information

2. Whānau / Family 3.

Makau / Favourites

4. Whaiaro tiaki / Self-care 5.

Pūkenga / Skills

6. Mahi tahi / Working together 7.

Rawa / Financial capital

He Wāhi / Places 8. Aku wāhi noho / Where I have lived 9. Aku wāhi mahi / Where I have worked

10. Aku wāhi ako / Where I have studied 11. Tūhura Aotearoa / Explore New Zealand 12. Tūhura te ao / Explore the world Aronga / Purpose 13. Whakaaro / Thoughts 14. Moemoeā / Dreams and ambitions 15. Whakatere / Navigation

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1. PÄ rongo / Information I

Travel/transport a. Passport number: b. Passport expiry date: c. Driver licence number: d. Driver licence expiry date: e. Travel insurance policy number/s: f. Travel vaccinations (name): Date/s received:

Accommodation a. Contents insurance policy number/s: b. House insurance policy number/s:

III

Financial a. IRD number: b. Bank account number:

IV Will a. Date written/updated: b. Copy with: V

Medical a. Known allergies: b. Blood type, date of cervical smear test, etc.: c. MedicAlert ID: d. NHI number: e. First aid certificate expiry date: f. Health insurance policy number/s: g. Birth certificate number:

VI Other relevant information:

Why: Records important information so that you are never caught without it when you need it most. How: Update the relevant information here whenever it changes.

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2. Whānau / Family

Why: Records the names, birth and deaths of your whānau so that you can keep track of your whakapapa and the people who are important to you. How: You might like to draw a family tree, a circle diagram or portraits. Use whatever comes naturally, and update as needed. You can also add dates to the calendars on pages 25–151.

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3. Makau / Favourites I

Who do I admire?

What books shape my thinking?

III

What songs do I play over and over again?

IV What makes me laugh out loud?

What movies do I watch over and over again?

VI What food do I love to cook and eat?

Why: Records what you like at particular points in time so you can track what remains constant and what changes over time. How: Update the list every four or five years.

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4. Whaiaro tiaki / Self-care I

What makes me feel anxious or stressed?

What relaxes or destresses me?

Examples include reading / listening to music / watching things / napping / cooking / cleaning / gardening / building / painting / walking / running / playing with pets / making music / taking a bath / yoga / mindfulness and meditation / time outside / writing

III

What should I say no to when I am stressed or anxious?

IV What should I say yes to when I am stressed or anxious?

Who would I turn to if I want support (a safe person) and/or who gives me a break from my problems (a fun person)?

VI What would I like to change about the way I manage stress?

Why: Records how you respond to challenges and reminds you how you like to relax so that you can track patterns over time. How: Answer these questions every four or five years.

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5. PĹŤkenga / Skills I

What skills have I already learnt? Examples include cooking / shearing / accounting / first aid / building / driving / sewing / carving / singing / drumming

Who taught me these skills?

III

What skills were fun and easy to learn?

IV What skills were hard to learn?

What new skills do I want to learn?

VI How can I learn these new skills?

Why: Records the skills you have learnt or want to learn so that you can broaden your range. Skills can help you be creative, do things cheaply, meet people interested in the same things as you, get a job or start a business. How: Answer these questions every four or five years. See pages 3â&#x20AC;&#x201C;19.

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6. Mahi tahi / Working together I

Am I more often a ruru, kererū or kārearea?

When things are not going the way I want, how do I respond? (e.g. withdraw by leaving or going quiet, or get louder)

III

Do I like to work in an organic way or do I prefer structure? What kind of structure do I need?

IV What characteristics do I like in a leader?

What characteristics get in the way of me working well with others?

VI What characteristics do I like in myself and other members of a team?

Why: Records how you like to work when collaborating so that you can work effectively with others to achieve your goals. How: Answer these questions every four or five years. See pages 3–19.

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7. Rawa / Financial capital I

What are the values of any assets you own? Examples include car / house / jewellery / land

Are your assets insured? If yes, is the insurance level appropriate to the asset?

III

What liabilities do you have? Examples include mortgages / bank loans / family loans / creditors / credit cards / hire purchase agreements / lay-by

IV What are the interest costs and fees for any liabilities you may have? Calculate this by dividing interest costs by the size of the liability. You can often save money by moving to lower interest options.

What is your annual cash in? Examples include wages / interest earned on investments

VI What is your annual cash out? Examples include rent / petrol / interest paid on liabilities

Why: Records where you are financially so that you can track your capital over time and look at ways to build your capital base. How: Ideally, answer these questions annually, as well as keeping a more detailed record of cash in and cash out.

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8. Aku wÄ hi noho / Where I have lived I

What street addresses have I lived at?

Who did I know there?

III

What was happening at the time?

IV What did I learn about myself during this time?

If I had my time again, would I do anything differently?

VI What was good about that time?

Why: Records where you have lived so that you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t forget surnames and addresses. Also helps you process how you were feeling and what you learnt. How: Answer these questions every time you change addresses.

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9. Aku wÄ hi mahi / Where I have worked I

Who have I worked for and at what address?

Who did I know there?

III

What was happening at the time?

IV How was I feeling?

If I had my time again, would I do anything differently?

VI What was good about that time?

Why: Records where you have worked so that you can track what you learnt about leadership, processes, people and yourself through being observant. How: Answer these questions every time you change workplace. See pages 160â&#x20AC;&#x201C;163 for help with Question IV.

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10. Aku wÄ hi ako / Where I have studied I

What institutions have I studied at and what skills did I learn there?

Who did I know there?

III

What was happening at the time?

IV How was I feeling?

If I had my time again, would I do anything differently?

VI What was good about that time?

Why: Records where you have learnt skills so that you can map your growth. How: Answer these questions every time you move from a college, university or other learning/training institution. See pages 160â&#x20AC;&#x201C;163 for help with Question IV.

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11. TĹŤhura Aotearoa / Explore New Zealand I

Where in New Zealand do I want to visit?

Chatham Islands

Why: Records where in New Zealand you have been and want to go so that you can plan trips and experiences away. How: Mark the map on the left where you want to go to and mark on the right where you have been. Remember to record the date after you have been travelling.

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Apurva Kasture, 2018

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Where in New Zealand have I been?

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12. TĹŤhura te ao / Explore the world I

Where in the world do I want to visit?

Why: Records where in the world you have been and want to go so you can plan trips and experiences away. How: Mark the map on the left where you want to go to and mark on the right where you have been. Remember to record the date after you have been overseas.

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Solomon Esera, 2018

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Where in the world have I been?

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13. Whakaaro / Thoughts I

What characteristics do I like in my friends?

What characteristics would my friends describe me as having?

III

What keeps me awake at night?

IV What breaks my heart?

What lights me up?

VI Am I going in the right direction? â&#x20AC;˘ If yes, how can I continue this? â&#x20AC;˘ If no, how can I put myself on the right track?

Why: Records your thoughts at a particular moment so that you can see how your answers change over time. How: Answer these questions every four or five years, although they may also be useful to revisit more regularly.

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14. MoemoeÄ / Dreams and ambitions I

What are my dreams and ambitions for myself?

What are my dreams and ambitions for my whÄ nau?

III

What are my dreams and ambitions for my people (my community)?

IV What are my dreams and ambitions for my country?

What are my dreams and ambitions for the world?

VI If I had the power to do anything in the world, what would I do?

Why: Records your dreams and ambitions at a particular moment so you can see how they change over time. How: Answer these questions every four or five years, although they may also be useful to revisit more regularly.

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15. Whakatere / Navigation

Choose a dream or ambition on page 216 and answer these questions:

How are you going to achieve this dream or ambition?

Can you break the dream or ambition up into a set of smaller actions?

III

What obstacles do you expect might get in the way?

IV How might you get around these obstacles?

Who might be able to give you advice, skills or support to get around these obstacles?

VI If you achieve this goal or ambition, what will it enable you to do or be?

Why: Records how you think you might be able to achieve your dreams and ambitions so they become more manageable. How: Answer these questions as your dreams and ambitions change.

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MCGUINNESS INSTITUTE TE HONONGA WAKA