DREAMWORK clint johnson
DESIGN THINKING FALL 2017 ADVISORS ANTONIO SANMARTIN DOH YOUNG KIM
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you to my mentors this semester - Antonio Sanmartin and Doh Young Kim for guiding me further into my own interests. I can assure you it was no easy task for them. They both helped me dive into the theory of the subject and provide me with very constructive feedback on how to represent this information. Thank you to my previous intstructors, both at Ball State and Washington University where every project was a discovery on what I was capable of producing. It takes extremely talented and patient men and women to teach a student effectively, and I was fortunate to cross their paths. I’d like to also thank Dwayne Oyler and Jenny Wu for the opportunity to work with them this past summer. Their work ethic in inspiring, but what’s most notable is their love for their family and neighbor. This resonated throughout the office and it created a positive atmosphere for fabricating such an incredible structure. Lastly, thank you to my parents for their support in my six years of study in architecture and 23 years of life as a whole. I’m extremely fortunate to have such a loving and humble family. I hope I have been able to show my colleagues the same love that they have shown me for so many years.
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Copyright 2017 - Clint Logan Johnson
INTRODUCTION This book is the compilation of material from my third semester in graduate school at Washington University in St. Louis pursuing my Masters in Architecture. The book is being produced for a class called Design Thinking - a thesis prep course for determining my final project of architecture school. The class was split up in 4 parts - Discourse (presented in the form of three hypotheses of my interests in design), Context (choosing a site to supplement these interests), Program (what is the project?), Speculation (what could the project become?) The material has been edited to show the most important information for the project. The supporting material developed over the entire semester can be found in the appendix section in the back of the book.
You can find the missing information in the back cover of the book.
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I. DISCOURSE
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II. CONTEXT
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III. PROGRAM
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IV. SPECULATION
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V. THOUGHTS
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VI. MY DREAMS
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VII. APPENDIX
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CONTENTS
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I DISCOURSE
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mapping text 07 text, pencil, pen, marker, charcoal, basswood, chipboard, mylar, light, photoshop
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SCI-FI AND EXCESS HYPOTHESIS 1 VERSION 3
The culture of science fiction films can easily be inferred through its environment. The landscape and urban context is so excessive to give the viewer a quick understanding of the scenario in which they are being placed. Is it a utopia or a dystopia? Busy or quiet? There are two film examples that come to mind : Wall-E and Interstellar (figures shown next page). The sequencing of scenes tells the story. In Wall-E, a dystopia is introduced (Fig 1.1) as Earth has become a wasteland that once was very consumer-driven. This becomes the home base that the viewer becomes familiar with. Next, the utopia is introduced (1.2) a spacecraft holding people of Earth that is controlled exclusively by robots that cater to their wants. A similar story is being told in the movie Interstellar by Christopher Nolan. The audience is introduced to the home of the main character (1.4) first by setting the scene of an exaggerated simplicity of life on a farm. The next stages of the movie get very complex as the audience is introduced to the logic of space and time (1.5). Both of these films, however, find their way back to the beginning. In Wall-E, the humans travel back to Earth and begin to cultivate the land for resources (1.3) rather than trash it. In Interstellar, the farm landscape has been transformed thanks to the breakthroughs discovered in space (1.6). There is a greater understanding of life outside the original shell of home, but still an appreciation of home as a place with meaning. Does the excess of information provided in the films help transform the ways of life that the characters return to at the end - pointing toward a well-functioning, sustainable future and preservation of the old environment? In the movie Inception there is one scene in particular that dealt with the absence of gravity (1.7). It was constructed by using a massive rotating cage around a facade of a hallway in which the characters then inhabited. In order to see the bigger picture and gather more information, the viewer must see outside of the facade of the box and discover the massive jig that allows the space to exist. Contrary to the exposure of excess in science fiction films, it is demonstrated behind the scenes of Inception that even a greater complexity can exist beyond what is shown. The scaffolding of the scene itself can be more of a feat than what it is producing. Do the nonfictional, raw constructs of the skeleton become more impressive than the flawless creation?
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Eve is delivered on Earth to check for signs of life. The towers of trash creep in the background as the highly technical ship has a similar shape in the foreground.
1.1 Wall-E. Dir. Andrew Stanton. Disney Pixar, 2008. Film Drop Ship
Inside the Axiom where humans are transported on autonomous hovering chairs eliminating the need to walk.
Wall-E. Dir. Andrew Stanton. Disney Pixar, 2008. Film Human Dystopia
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The Axiom is shown in union with Earth’s context. The impressionist painting blends both characters of nature and technology together.
1.3 Wall-E. Dir. Andrew Stanton. Disney Pixar, 2008. Film Closing Credits
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Opening scenes showing simplistic rural farmland with no reference to a futuristic influence.
1.4 Interstellar. Dir. Christopher Nolan. Paramount, Warner Bros, 2014. Film
Inside the Black Hole - Cooper connects with his daughter through a field of time constructed by intersecting planes of light. At the intersection of these planes, a moment in time appears where he can interact with the space through interrupting the light’s gravity.
1.5 Interstellar | Tesseract
We revisit the farm scene in the new context which has been discovered. The landscape is now reincarnated inside a space station.
1.6 Interstellar | Farm Preservation at Cooper Station
The outer cage of the hallway scene - this spins the box inside, making it seem as if gravity is changing because the camera is fixed to the box as it rotates.
1.7 Inception. Dir. Christopher Nolan. Warner Bros, Legendary, 2010. Film.
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mapping text 08 digital, pencil, pen, marker, charcoal
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THE ARCHITECTURE OF DREAMING HYPOTHESIS 2 VERSION 3
Dreams are an unconscious reconstruction of real life moments and interactions that occur whether or not the dreamer is aware of them. Sigmund Freud states in his book On Dreams the 5 stages of dreaming. 1. Displacement occurs when the desire for one thing or person is symbolized by something or someone else. 2. Projection This happens when the dreamer propels their own desires and wants onto another person. 3. Symbolization This is characterized when the dreamer’s repressed urges or suppressed desires are acted out metaphorically. 4. Condensation This is the process in which the dreamer hides their feelings or urges by contracting it or underplaying it into a brief dream image or event. Thus the meaning of this dream imagery may not be apparent or obvious. 5. Rationalization This is regarded as the final stage of dreamwork. The dreaming mind organizes an incoherent dream into one that is more comprehensible and logical. This is also known as secondary revision.
I look at two films that deal with complex reconstructions of space from a vast amount of “data”. The first example is the Tesseract scene from Interstellar shown in Figure 2.1 on the following page. Cooper (main character) enters a black hole and reaches a point in the decent where he encounters an infinite space produced by X,Y, and Z planes of light. At the intersections, the light bands produce an image which is actually a memory from Cooper’s life. He is allowed to react with this memory through gravity - as he distorts the light producing the image and creates a way to interact with his daughter.
Inception, another film by the same producer, Christopher Nolan, has a more direct relationship to the concept of dreaming. The main task of the characters is to retrieve a certain code from the targeted person (Fischer). To do this, they have to go deep within Fischer’s subconscious to get him to deliver the six digit code. As the dream’s progress, the characters reveal more about themselves that they can’t control (recall Freud’s second and third phases). Cobb’s wife is reincarnated as a train (2.3) that runs into their van (phase 1). Fischer unknowingly reveals the code at the hotel (2.2) in the second level of the dream when they occupy two different rooms, 528 and 491. Eventually, Fischer finally tells them the code when they reach the end of the third level of dreaming. The interesting part about the film is the buildup of the character’s subconscious minds acting on one another’s. The levels get so complex especially if we look at it in the sense that Freud’s rules get doubled each time another dream occurs. More detailed research of my own dreams will be presented in the back portion of this book. I study how the frame of view relates to the full composition and how the content within the dream is a projection of a subconscious theme.
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Inside the Black Hole - Cooper connects with his daughter through a field of time constructed by intersecting planes of light. At the intersection of these planes, a moment in time appears where he can interact with the space through interrupting the light’s gravity.
2.1
Interstellar. Dir. Christopher Nolan. Paramount, Warner Bros, 2014. Film Tesseract
Inside the large rotating hallway viewed from the outside on the previous Sci-Fi section. The antigravity of this scene is caused by the freefall of the van in first level of dreaming.
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Inception. Dir. Christopher Nolan. Warner Bros, Legendary, 2010. Film. Hallway Scene
Mal is reincarnated as a train destroying everything in it’s path. This is projected in the dream by Leonardo’s subconscious.
2.3 Inception. Dir. Christopher Nolan. Warner Bros, Legendary, 2010. Film. Train Scene
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mapping text 09 digital, chipboard, pencil, pen, marker, charcoal
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CAVITATIONAL ARCHITECTURE HYPOTHESIS 3 VERSION 3
Cavities are a carving out of material from another mass. It reveals the thickness of the container, and uncovers more layers and depth the further it is carved. Holes can be made either intentionally or unintentionally. In design of the Aston Martin, Valkyrie (3.1), voids are cut out under the car around the wheel well to help improve aerodynamics and create an airstream to suck the car down to the road when operating at high speeds. It also helps reduce weight to improve the power to weight ratio. In a different sense, cavities can be made through a discovery or a malfunction. Caves are formed in the dissolving of limestone through acidic rain when it mixes with the soil. When the limestone disintigrates, it reveals a space within the solidity of the rock. Unintentionally formed cavities can occur within a story when there is a discontinuity of a certain theme or mismatching of information. I notice this within my dreams when I sketch out my path of travel from what I can remember when I wake up (3.2). The dream seizes to remain true when spaces intersect in plan, but don’t relate in the dream itself. A cavity occurs within my own memory as it produces each sequential space. Tres Grande Bibliotheque, an unbuilt work by OMA (3.3), reintroduces the cavities as solids in a model they used to reveal a deeper understanding of the proposal. Without this negative model, the viewer would only see empty volumes within a larger mass. But with this diagram, the volumes are understood as floating masses within empty space - the viewer can now visualize the three dimensionality of the entire volume rather than a planar facade. It helps demonstrate the strength and responsibility the voids play in the overall scene. The scale of the cavities begins to carry a lot more meaning. Which side of the void are you occupying? What is the experience on this side compared to the other? A gap seizes the entity from being complete. A feeling of incompleteness or a want to return to a state that is distant or irrecoverable - nostalgia - the place that bears the most meaning to an individual. How is a space created that can give off this feeling to anyone? - A place that has a certain completeness to a missing link or cavity. In a way, the discontinuity itself creates the exploration on its own. It creates the process in which one begins to search for the positive piece to complete that which is incomplete.
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program behind
program above
enter
lobby sit up
Top - a frame from a dream. Bottom - a plan of how these spaces lay out together. A discontinuity occurs in the third space as it should be cutting through the lobby space but isn’t in the top frame of view.
overlap
3.2
From my dream sketchbook | Dream with 4 volumes
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Mal is reincarnated as a train destroying everything in it’s path. This is projected in the dream by Leonardo’s subconscious.
3.1 Aston Martin Valkryie | Side View
Positive and negative models show how spaces are carved out.
3.3 Tres Grande Bibliotheque | OMA
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II CONTEXT
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Farm ground near St. Louis
65 acre site
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SITE I started searching for a site to fulfill the Sci-Fi and Excess hypothesis. I looked to areas with the greatest openness where the land was being cultivated for crops. In both Wall-E and Interstellar, sustainability is a big theme in how adaptation must occur. Civilization must grow around this instead of an excessive consumer-driven market. I believe it’s important to adapt to the site instead of abandoning it. Finding a way to live with what nature wants to do is imperative to create a sustainable civilization. Using my own home as a case for research, I began searching for ground that was for sale. In rural locations, the more ground owned, the more crops you can plant and harvest. I found a 65 acre lot for sale along the flood plain in Columbia, IL next to a much larger lot. This lot is unwanted because it’s difficult to grow crops on due to flooding. I wanted to take on the challenge of the flooding because it could yield a very interesting design problem that could be adapted to in a very unique way.
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TOPOGRAPHY 10 foot interval
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An opportunity presents itself in the spirit of science fiction film. As this extreme environmental condition has affected the landscape, there is an o p p o r t u n i t y t o e m b r a c e t h e c h a n g e i n s t e a d o f a b a n d o n i n g i t a l t o g e t h e r.
The space between the levee and the river is often unused agriculturally due to flooding, and it will soon be abandoned completely with the rise of water levels. The 30 foot tall levee is the only barrier that separates flood waters from homes to the East.
Columbia, Illinois - December 2015 A massive storm empties 10 inches of rain across central US in a 3-day d o w n p o u r. L e v e e w a l l s p i n c h i n o n t h e M i s s i s s i p p i R i v e r , c a u s i n g t h e w a t e r l e v e l t o r i s e d r a m a t i c a l l y.
In this mapping of the site, I’ve shown how water interacts with the land at its high, low, and average levels. The 30 foot tall level wall keeps the water from overflowing into the farm ground. This site is dense with trees with one bare spot on the North side. Water enters the site between two small masses of land .
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MAR 2004 JAN 2016 AUG 2015
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This image shows slices of the site over time from a series of Google Earth images. The dates are shown on the left. The time periods of most extreme flooding was in 2004 and 2016.
SITE MAPPING
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Levee Road looking East
Home just below Levee Road to East
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SITE SURROUNDINGS
Farm equipment and storage next to a home
View across creek toward Mississippi
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III PROGRAM
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STAR WARS: COMPLETE LOCATIONS Jabba’s Palace - Integration into the landscape. Land is only carved out as much as what space is needed, the rest is solid.
Military Complex - Artificial environment of battlefield created to test droids
VICTIMS HEJDUK
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CASES HOOVER DAM NEVADA Once the largest concrete structure. Hydroelectric power is generated from water falling into turbines. This energy is transformed and distributed to nearby cities.
UNDERGROUND EMERGENCY RESERVOIR JAPAN
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A speculative section of how the waterfall creates a cavity around which the program exists.
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PROGRAM WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
This facility will be another addition to Nasa’s research facilities in the US. It will focus on the genetic adaptation of the molecular structures in plant life on outside planets.
Aerospace Engineering Biophysics Genetics Cell Biology
Simulations of other planet’s conditions will be produced in four chambers. Although this is the main reason for this facility, there are many other programmatic functions that the facility must provide:
KASKASKIA Pre-Engineering
ST LOUIS UNIVERSITY Earth & Atmospheric Sciences
Housing, Laboratories, Offices, Classrooms, Recreation, Dining Hydroelectric Power, Parking, Receiving, Security. A more detailed list can be found on the following page. The facility will collaborate in union with surrounding colleges in order to expose students to this new technology and prepare them to continue this research into the future. Aerospace Engineers, Physicist, Industrial Designers, Genetic Engineers, Botanists, Chemists, etc will all live here in this community. Below is a map of NASA’s facilities. This will be one of the first in the Midwest.
SITE
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DETAILS ABOVE GROUND A Water - dam, purification, gates, monitoring, distribution B Cattle - feeding, shelter, pasture, food storage, dairy C Agriculture - genetic testing, vegetables, fruit, corn, straw D Fish - ponds, monitoring, processing E Gate - security, receiving F School - daycare, classrooms G Central - administration, programming
UNDERGROUND 1 Loading Dock (1000 sf) - quick delivery, large trucks 2 Housing (50 rooms) - guests, students, faculty, scientists, etc. 3 Food (6 cooks, 1500 sf) - eat, prep space, trash collection 4 Hydroelectric System (1/4 size of Hoover Dam) 5 Testing Facilities (4 x 2000 sf) - systems space, testing space 6 Laboratories (4 x 500 sf) 7 Offices (15 x 250 sf) - admin, faculty, physicists, botanists, etc. 8 Classrooms (2 labs, 2 medium-sized, 1 large assembly) 9 Recreation (1200 sf) 10 Security (3 guards, 1 office 500 sf) 11 Parking (8000 sf)- guests, residents, staff
The above ground community consists of seven homes to start - each having one family living in each. The family isn’t restricted to how many kids they can have, what their schedule is, etc. Every home has a task to support the community such as supplying clean water. Each home is an average of 2700 sq ft. The underground program is for the NASA genetic research facility and its supplemental services shown above.
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IV SPECULATION
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ORIGINS Every dream has an origin, but it is not understood as such. When I dream, I’m placed in the middle of a scenario while having full knowledge of my purpose. I can make decisions with information acquired in a split second leading me to new spaces, new paths that unfold. Memories of reality are reconstructed as objects, as people, as actions, etc. Each piece, no matter how random it seems, always relates to a common theme. Dreams are formed from a sequence of images, more importantly - perspectives. A frame with depth. The mind has only formed what is in view at that moment - nothing more. I studied this moment through physical models. I imagine I exist at a starting point - an origin. From there, a frame is produced, giving depth to the model in elevation changes, placement of walls, directions of travel, etc... Each addition yields an opportunity for a new frame to occur, like a dream. Like a 3d scanner gathering information, the mind constructs space from these sequences of frames. The placement of walls becomes natural. I anticipate what’s around the corner or what’s behind me - intuition.
INTUITION n. the ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning. a thing that one knows or considers likely from instinctive feeling rather than conscious reasoning
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Frames of view as I progress through space, revealing more information about visual barriers and relationships of rooms to one another.
These frames are manifested in a comprehensive model of the entire space. Hatched areas show what is not seen but what is understood or projected to occur in that space.
B
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B. Image of Christ Cruicified Red garment around His shoulders North
Upper Level North living spaces
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C. View looking through truss on to roof of house - end of dream To laboratories
To living space
Crucifiction of Christ painting seen in Florence, Italy - Painter unknown. Red garment not shown in this image because it does not B exist in the real painting.
C Curtis House - house for a friend sketched over Summer of 2017. The same form and truss bridge that appears in the dream. The tower was added to the dream to complete the vision of the original sketch.
D Color from dream translates to a loading dock seen in Stockholm, Sweden a desaturated redish/orange
Lower Level Main tunnel Entry
Tunnels for underground NASA research facilities
Wrap around driveway Entry to garge under main living space
Main liv Double North a
DREAM 1
Section through house looking to back yard
Bridge over back yard leading to observation tower
A. Begin dream - blurry hallway acing to the right
ving space height open room between and South wings
Stair to main living space
First physical model of a dream made from chipboard to no particular scale. The purpose was to map the space in some way from what I could remember. First started by modeling from the origin point and continued to model along the path of what I could remember walking. The Crucifiction of Christ was seen at point B, but in the vision, Jesus was wearing a red sash while everything else was black and white. The painting on the left was found while sifting through photos the next day. Out of 2,400 photos taken on my trip to Florence, Italy, my mind managed to remember this painting in particular. Figure C is a house I sketched for a friend over the summer - the form has always been appealing to me, but in the dream, the form was also merged with a color of a structure I saw at the airport in Stockholm D.
Stair down to garage
Wood framing for orthagonal residential areas
Discontinuity of space due to development of two different spaces at two different times
Ferrari 250 GT
Grass covers the majority of the ground until reaching the forrest entry 150 feet to the South
Land cutout for column and hidden passage to tunnels
“Image” 10.24.17
After translating the meaning of visions to reality, I understood the theme of this dream to be, ironically, about this class - Design Thinking. I got a vision of the red colors because I was experimenting the day before with test colors for the cover of my book. After this dream. The form of the building is apparent because both programs are a house. The model shows two people walking in a bridge over the house. By taking the photograph from this vantage point, I’m able to speculate about what the entire composition of the space may have looked like had I experienced more of the dream.
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V THOUGHTS
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THOUGHTS By now you may be craving the missing information if you already haven’t found it in the back cover. You may be frustrated, or you may have enjoyed it. If you’ve read all the text up to now, you’ve been interested in more than just the visual qualities of the book. There may be an unknown that you are searching for that isn’t already apparent. I believe that this is the architecture - that unknown or unforseen piece of information. I had a great final critique from Mónica Rivera (López Rivera Arquitectes) and Heather Woofter (Director of Architecture). Mónica stated that if this ‘hidden’ piece/ thing/effect is so important, even more emphasis should be placed on the device which generates the final effect. Is there a way to work in reverse and procede once the device is obtained? This will cause the system to be even more complex - as if to square the unknown coefficient. This will be the focus of my study until the start of this project beginning in the next few weeks.
DEVICE n. a thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, especially a piece of mechanical or electronic equipment. a plan, scheme, or trick with a particular aim.
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VI MY DREAMS
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MEMORY AND DREAM CONTENT The scenario within a dream is often remembered in more detail than the space in which it was taking place. More information can be captured if one can remember more details about the space itself. The most important information within the dream is often the information that is most easily overlooked because it’s so miniscule, but can be the first thing someone remembers such as the act of going around or on the right. It’s these phrases that related to the real life event which is connected to the main theme of the dream.1 Being a kid, playing at home, the most memorable times were those that took place in subspaces within the larger context of either the house or the property. I would create an imaginary environment and I was occupying it through a type of story line that was unfolding as I went. Behind the bed became the control center for all missions. The scenario and the space merged to become something that had a lot of meaning. If one of these was separated from another, it wouldn’t make any sense. The middle of the playroom couldn’t be the control center, nor could the enemy base be my base of behind the bed.
A
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On Dreams. Chapter II. Sigmund Freud. W. W. Norton & Co, 1952. Print.
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Left: The Ditch 9-27-17 Right: Ohio State / Yale Date Unknown (Summer ‘17)
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DREAMS Left: Analysis 9-28-17 Right: Church 9-28-17
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Left: Slave Raptor 2000? (7 years old) Right: Sea Monster + Cat 2005?
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DREAMS
Video Games 10-2-17
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Serial Killer 9-4-16
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DREAMS Serial Killer 9-4-16
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Serial Killer 9-4-16
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DREAMS
Serial Killer 9-4-16
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Left: Bill’s Cookout 10-15-17 Right: Shoe Shopping 10-15-17
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DREAMS
Left: Blankenburger Parking 10-15-17 Right: School Elevated Courtyard Date Unknown - 2016
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Car Museum Summer 2017
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Left: Industrial Control Summer 2017 Right: Futuristic City Entry Sumemer 2017
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Left: Canoeing at WashU September 2016 Right: HOK Internship Summer 2016
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Left: Room Sketch + Bill’s Cookout 10-15-17 Right: Shoe Shopping 10-15-17
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REFERENCE
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CAVITY /’kav de/ e
n.
an empty space within a solid object, in particular the human body “the abdominal cavity” synonyms | space, chamber, hollow, hole, pocket, pouch a decayed part of a tooth
merriam-webster
an unfilled space within a mass: especially: a hollowed-out space an area of decay in a tooth: caries synonyms | hole, dent, depression, indentation, indenture, pit, recess a hole or space inside something
encyclopedia britannica
a hole formed in a tooth by decay
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abdominal cavity | anatomy Abdominal cavity, largest hollow space of the body. Its upper boundary is the diaphragm, a sheet of muscle and connective tissue that separates it from the chest cavity; its lower boundary is the upper plane of the pelvic cavity. Vertically it is enclosed by the vertebral column and the abdominal and other muscles. The abdominal cavity contains the greater part of the digestive tract, the liver and pancreas, the spleen, the kidneys, and the adrenal glands located above the kidneys.
MALFUNCTION /mal’f NG(k)SH( )n/ e
e
v. (of a piece of equipment or machinery) fail to function normally or satisfactorily “the unit is clearly malfunctioning” synonyms | crash, go wrong, break down, fail, stop working, go down n. a failure to function in a normal or satisfactory manner “a computer malfunction”
merriam-webster
synonyms | crash, breakdown, fault, failure, bug, glitch
to function imperfectly or badly : fail to operate normally first known use of the word : 1941
encyclopedia britannica
astronomical malfunction | pulsar Some pulsars, such as the Crab and Vela pulsars, are losing rotational energy so precipitously that they also emit radiation of shorter wavelength. The Crab Pulsar appears in optical photographs as a moderately bright (magnitude 16) star in the centre of the Crab Nebula. Soon after the detection of its radio pulses in 1968, astronomers at the Steward Observatory in Arizona found that visible light from the Crab Pulsar flashes at exactly the same rate. The star also produces regular pulses of X-rays and gamma rays. The Vela Pulsar is much fainter at optical wavelengths (average magnitude 24) and was observed in 1977 during a particularly sensitive search with the large Anglo-Australian Telescope situated at Parkes, Australia. It also pulses at X-ray wavelengths. The Vela Pulsar does, however, give off gamma rays in regular pulses and is the most intense source of such radiation in the sky.
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NOSTALGIA /nä’stalj / n.
e
a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations. “I was overcome with acute nostalgia for my days in college” synonyms | reminiscence, remembrance, recollection
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merriam-webster
the state of being homesick : homesickness
encyclopedia britannica
something done or presented in order to evoke feelings of nostalgia
associated with Spanish literature, Brazilian literature, types of aircraft, modern literature, Irish literature, Shakespeare
a wistful or excessively sentimental yearning for return to or of some past period or irrecoverable condition first known use: 1729
“Tanizaki’s longest novel, Sasameyuki (1943–48; The Makioka Sisters), evoked with evident nostalgia the Japan of the 1930s, when people were preoccupied not with the prosecution of a war but with marriage arrangements, visits to sites famous for their cherry blossoms, or the cultural differences between Tokyo and Saka.”
DREAM /drem/ n. a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occuring in a person’s mind during sleep “I had a recurrent dream about falling from great heights”
synonyms | REM sleep, nightmare, vision, fantasy, hallucination v. experience dreams during sleep “I dreamed about her last night”
merriam-webster
synonyms | daydream, be in a trance, be lost in thought, be preoccupied, be abstracted, stare into space, muse, be in la-la-land
a series of thoughts, images, or emotions occurring during sleep an experience of waking life having the characteristics of a dream a visionary creation of the imaginationbstraction or release from reality walking around in a dream an object seen in a dreamlike state first known use: 13th century
encyclopedia britannica
sleep experience a hallucinatory experience that occurs during sleep. Dreaming, a common and distinctive phenomenon of sleep, has throughout human history given rise to myriad beliefs, fears, and conjectures, both imaginative and experimental, regarding its mysterious nature. While any effort toward classification must be subject to inadequacies, beliefs about dreams nonetheless fall into various classifications depending upon whether dreams are held to be reflections of reality, sources of divination, curative experiences, or evidence of unconscious activity.
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UNCONSCIOUS /, n’känSH s/ e
e
adj. not conscious “the boy was beaten unconscious” synonyms | insensible, senseless, insentient, insensate, comatose, inert, knocked out, stunned
merriam-webster
n. the part of the mind that is inaccessible to the conscious mind but that affects behavior and emotions. not knowing or perceiving: not aware free from self-awareness not possessing mind or consciousness not marked by conscious thought first known use: 1712
encyclopedia britannica
psychology | alt: subconscious
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Unconscious, also called subconscious, the complex of mental activities within an individual that proceed without his awareness. Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, stated that such unconscious processes may affect a person’s behaviour even though he cannot report on them. Freud and his followers felt that dreams and slips of the tongue were really concealed examples of unconscious content too threatening to be confronted directly. Some theorists (e.g., the early experimental psychologist Wilhelm Wundt) denied the role of unconscious processes, defining psychology as the study of conscious states. Yet, the existence of unconscious mental activities seems well established and continues to be an important concept in modern psychiatry.
RECONSTRUCT /rek n’str kt/ e
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v. build or form (something) again after it has been damaged or destroyed. google
reorganize form an impression, model, or re-enactment of a past event or thing from the available evidence
merriam-webster
synonyms | rebuild, restore, renovate, recreate, remake, refurbish
to construct again to establish or assemble again to subject an organ or part to surgery to re-from its structure or correct a defect to build up mentally, recreate first known use: 1762
encyclopedia britannica
reconstruction | United States History Reconstruction, in U.S. history, the period (1865–77) that followed the American Civil War and during which attempts were made to redress the inequities of slavery and its political, social, and economic legacy and to solve the problems arising from the readmission to the Union of the 11 states that had seceded at or before the outbreak of war. Long portrayed by many historians as a time when vindictive Radical Republicans fastened black supremacy upon the defeated Confederacy, Reconstruction has since the late 20th century been viewed more sympathetically as a laudable experiment in interracial democracy. Reconstruction witnessed far-reaching changes in America’s political life. At the national level, new laws and constitutional amendments permanently altered the federal system and the definition of American citizenship. In the South, a politically mobilized black community joined with white allies to bring the Republican Party to power, and with it a redefinition of the responsibilities of government.
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ENVIRONMENT /in vir nm nt/ e
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n. the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. the natural world, as a whole or in a particular geographical area, especially as affected by human activity.
merriam-webster
synonyms | the natural world, nature, the earth, the planet, the ecosystem, the biosphere, Mother Nature the circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors (such as climate, soil, and living things) that act upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival the aggregate of social and cultural conditions that influence the life of an individual or community first known use: 1827
encyclopedia britannica
biology
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Environment, the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors that act upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately determine its form and surv ival. The Earth’s environment is treated in a number of articles. The major components of the physical environment are discussed in the articles atmosphere, climate, continental landform, hydrosphere, and ocean. The relationship between the principal systems and components of the environment, and the major ecosystems of the Earth are treated in the article biosphere. The significant environmental changes that have occurred during Earth’s history are surveyed in the article geochronology. The pollution of the environment and the conservation of its natural resources are treated in the article conservation. Hazards to life in the biosphere are discussed in the articles death, disease, and immune system.
SCI-FI /’si,fi/
n. fiction based on imagined future scientific or technological advances and major social or environmental changes, frequently portraying space or time travel and life on other planets.
merriam-webster
short for science-fiction
fiction dealing principally with the impact of actual or imagined science on society or individuals or having a scientific factor as an essential orienting component first known use: 1851
encyclopedia britannica
literature and performance sci-fi | speculative fiction Science fiction, abbreviation SF or sci-fi, a form of fiction that deals principally with the impact of actual or imagined science upon society or individuals. Science fiction is a modern genre. Though writers in antiquity sometimes dealt with themes common to modern science fiction, their stories made no attempt at scientific and technological plausibility, the feature that distinguishes science fiction from earlier speculative writings and other contemporary speculative genres such as fantasy and horror. The genre formally emerged in the West, where the social transformations wrought by the Industrial Revolution first led writers and intellectuals to extrapolate the future impact of technology. By the beginning of the 20th century, an array of standard science fiction “sets” had developed around certain themes, among them space travel, robots, alien beings, and time travel (see below Major science fiction themes). The customary “theatrics” of science fiction include prophetic warnings, utopian aspirations, elaborate scenarios for entirely imaginary worlds, titanic disasters, strange voyages, and political agitation of many extremist flavours, presented in the form of sermons, meditations, satires, allegories, and parodies—exhibiting every conceivable attitude toward the process of techno-social change, from cynical despair to cosmic bliss.
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Google Earth. 38°28’11”N 90°16’18”, 2017. Web.
Hoover Dam, Ansel Adams. Clark County, Nevada, 1942. Web.
Inception. Dir. Christopher Nolan. Warner Bros, Legendary, 2010. Film.
Interstellar. Dir. Christopher Nolan. Paramount, Warner Bros, 2014. Film.
John Hejduk, Victims. Prinz-Albert-Palais Competition, 1984. Web.
Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel. Kasukabe, Saitama, Japan, 2006. Web.
Star Wars Complete Locations: Inside the Worlds of the Entire Star Wars Saga Hardcover – 2005. Kemp Remillard, Hans Jenssen, Richard Chasemore. DK Penguin Random House, 2016. Print. Tres Grande Bibliotheque. oma.eu. OMA, 1989. Web.
Wall-E. Dir. Andrew Stanton. Disney Pixar, 2008. Film.
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