SURA-1 / 7 VERSES / 1 SECTION / REVEALED AT MECCA
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al-F®ti±a (The Opening) al-F¥tiha is the 1st S‰ra of the Qur√¥n, which means ‘The Opening’. There are three positions regarding its being Meccan or Medinan. 1.This S‰ra is Meccan, 2. It is Medinan. 3. It was revealed twice, once in Mecca and once in Medina. According to the majority opinion, S‰ra al-Fatiha belongs to the Meccan period. It is the fifth S‰ra in chronological order, revealed after S‰ra al-Mudaththir. It contains seven verses, 27 words, 140 letters, and only one segment. It contains the hymn of Praise to Allah Almighty, the Lord of all the worlds and the Last Day of Judgement. Allah Almighty alone is worshipped and invoked for assistance and guidance to the right path (al-ßir¥~ al-MustaqÏm), a path for the righteous rather than the misguided. The F¥ti^a is recited numerous times daily during Muslim prayers. The chapter uniquely differs from the other chapters of the Holy Qur√¥n, for having various names, including; 1- The Opener (al-F¥ti^a), 2- The Discoverer of the Truth. 3- The Opener of the Book. 4-The mother of the Book. 5- The Fountain of the Qur√¥n. 6- The Treasure. 7-The Light. 8-The Seven OftRecited Verses. 9-The Praise. 10-The Secret Invocation. 11-The Gratitude. 12-The Chapter of Ritual Prayer. 13-The Chapter of Entrusting. 14-The Supplication. 15-The Asking. 16-The Teaching. 17-The Sufficient. 18-The Abundant. 19-The Healer. 20-The Cure. 21-The Spiritual Treatment. 22-The Protector. 23. The Foundation. S‰ra al-Fatiha encapsulates all the fundamental themes and realities of faith that humans must remain aware of. These include the relationship between the Creator and His creation, God’s absolute authority in this world and the Hereafter, and the constant dependence of humans upon Him for guidance and assistance. Al-Fatiha identifies God as the Lord and Sustainer of all creatures, the Most Compassionate and the All-Merciful and the Ultimate Sovereign of the Day of Resurrection and Final Judgement. It further teaches God’s servants the manners of worshipping Him with the highest degree of sincerity, servitude, obedience, devotion, humility and self-effacement before Him. It urges humans to acknowledge that Allah Almighty is the One and only God worthy of worship and none else. It further educates God’s servants on supplicating and seeking guidance towards the straight path, defining it as the path of the blessed people, not of those who incur God’s wrath or have gone astray. It all culminates with the word’ ®mÏn (O Allah, accept this)’ as it is a request for the Supplication to be received and for mercy to descend. Many traditions of the Holy Prophet attribute an exalted status to this S‰ra. In one, transmitted by A^mad, al-TirmidhÏ, al-Nas¥√Ï and Ibn Khuzayma, Ab‰ 1
SƑRA 1
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al-F®ti±a (The Opening)
part one
Hurayra g relates that the Messenger of Allah a asked Ubayy b. Ka¢b g: ‘Would you like me to teach you a s‰ra, the similar of which was neither revealed in the Torah, nor the InjÏl, nor the Zab‰r, nor the Qur√¥n?’ He replied: ‘Yes, O, Messenger of Allah!’ The Messenger a asked him: ‘What do you recite in every ritual prayer?’ He replied: ‘He recites the Mother of the Qur√¥n (Al-Fataha).’ The Messenger a said: ‘By the One in Whose Divine Power is my life! Nothing like this S‰ra was revealed in the Torah, the InjÏl, the Zab‰r, or the Final Divine Criterion (al-Qur√¥n). It is the Seven Oft-repeated Verses (al-Sab¢ al-Math¥nÏ —alFataha) and the Glorious Qur√¥n that I was given.’ Muslim, A^mad, Ab‰ D¥w‰d, al-Nas¥√Ï and Ibn M¥jah narrate on the authority of Ab‰ Hurayra g who says: ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah a saying, ‘Allah has said, ‘I have divided the ritual prayer between Myself and My servant in two halves, and My servant shall receive what he prays for. When the servant says: All praise be to Allah the Lord of the Worlds, the Sustainer of all the worlds,’ Allah says: ‘My servant has praised Me.’ When the servant says: ‘The Most Compassionate, the All-Merciful,’ Allah says: ‘My servant has magnified Me.’ When the servant says: ‘Master of the Day of Judgment,’ Allah says: ‘My servant has glorified Me,’ and sometimes He would say: ‘My servant entrusted himself to Me.’ When the servant says: ‘O, Allah! You alone do we worship, and to You alone do we look for help,’ Allah says: ‘This is between Me and My servant, and My servant shall receive what he asks for.’ Then, when the servant says: ‘Show us the straight path, the path of those upon whom You have bestowed Your favours; not of those who have incurred Your wrath, nor of those who have gone astray,’ Allah says: ‘This is for My servant, and My servant shall receive what he asks for.’ According to other traditions, Allah says: ‘To Me belongs My portion, and to him belongs what remains (that consists of two parts of al-Fataha).
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SƑRA 1
part one
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al-F®ti±a (The Opening)
# In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the All-Merciful. 1:1
All praise be to Allah, Lord of all the worlds,
1:2
the Most Compassionate, the All-Merciful,
1:3
Master of the Day of Judgement.
1:4
(O Allah!) You alone we worship, and from You alone we seek help.
1:5
Guide us upon the straight path,
1:6
the path of those whom You have blessed,
1:7
not of those who have incurred Your wrath, nor of those who are astray.
َ ٱل ۡم ُد ِ َّلِ َر ّب ۡٱل َعٰلَم َۡ 1ني ِ ِ َّ ٱلرِنَٰمۡح َّ 2ٱلرحِي ِم ّ ۡ َ ِ َمٰل 3ِين ِ ِك يو ِم ٱدل
َ َّاك َن ۡع ُب ُد ِإَوي َ َّإي ُ اك ن َ ۡس َتع 4ني ِ ِ
ّ َ ۡ َ ٱلص َر ٰ َط ٱل ۡ ُم ۡس َت ِق 5يم ِ ٱهدِنا َ َ َ ۡ َ ۡ َ َ َّ َ َ صرٰط ٱلِين أنعم 6ت عل ۡي ِه ۡم ِ َ َ ُ ۡ َۡ ۡ َ وب َعل ۡي ِه ۡم َول ض ي ٱلمغ ِ ِ غ ّ َّ َ ٓال ٧ِني ٱلض
۰۰۰۱۷۰۰
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SƑRA 2
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al-Baqara (The Cow)
SURA-2 / 286 VERSES / 40 SECTIONS / REVEALED AT MECCA
part one
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al-Baqara (The Cow) al-Baqara is the 2nd s‰ra of the Qur√¥n, which means ‘The Cow’. It takes its name from the story of the Cow in verses 67–71. It is also known as the Chapter of the Throne, the Peak of the Qur√¥n and the Chapter of the Brightness. It was the first Medinan s‰ra, revealed after the migration of the Holy Prophet a. It is the 87th S‰ra in chronological order, revealed after S‰ra al-Mu~affifÏn. It is the longest s‰ra of the Qur√¥n, comprising 286 verses, 6,121 words, 25,500 letters, and 40 segments. After beginning with three Mysterious Letters of the Qur√¥n, the s‰ra describes attributes of the believers, disbelievers, and hypocrites. It opens with the definition of faith, based on belief in the Unseen without entertaining any doubt, establishing the prayer, giving charity, believing in all sacred books and scriptures, revealed to the Holy Prophet Muhammad a or the Prophets and Messengers f before him (a), and having sure and profound faith in Resurrection. This S‰ra further details the account of the creation of Prophet ®dam e, the rebellion of IblÏs, the endeavours of Prophet M‰s¥ e (including the story of the cow), H¥r‰t and M¥r‰t, Prophet Ibr¥hÏm e, and the change of the Qibla from Jerusalem to Mecca. Necessary commands, rituals and acts of worship are legislated in this S‰ra, including Praying, Fasting, Pilgrimage, marriage, divorce, inheritance, bequest, jihad, charity, debts, retribution for killing, the Qibla’s direction, etc. Other legal matters discussed are economic contracts, the status of orphans, causes and conduct of a just war, and the significance of peace and security. This S‰ra also contains the commandments regarding the prohibition of rib¥, pork, alcohol consumption, gambling and punishment for certain capital crimes. This chapter dedicates a sizeable portion to the practices and attitudes of the Israelites. As for the hypocrites, it describes some of their most pertinent traits, such as lying, deception, plotting, foolishness, mockery of Allah Almighty’s signs, corruption, ignorance and straying from the right path. This S‰ra also lifts the prohibition on fighting which had been enforced during the Meccan period, permitting the believers to fight in self-defence without transgressing limits. Regarding the merits and virtues of this S‰ra, al-Bukh¥rÏ has narrated in alßa^Ï^ on the authority of Usayd b. ±u\ayr g, who said that he was reciting S‰ra al-Baqara at night while his horse was tied beside him; the horse was suddenly startled. When he stopped reciting, the horse calmed down, and when he restarted, the horse was startled again. Then he stopped reciting, and the horse calmed down 4
part one
SƑRA 2
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al-Baqara (The Cow)
(again). The next morning, he informed the Holy Prophet a, who said: ‘Recite, O, Ibn ±udayr! Recite, O, Ibn ±udayr!’ Usayd b. ±udayr g replied: ‘O, Messenger of Allah, my son Ya^y¥ was near the horse, and I was afraid that it might trample on him, so I raised my head and went to him. When I lifted my head towards the sky, there was something like a cloud containing what looked like lamps. So I went out to see it.’ The Holy Prophet a said: ‘Do you know what it was?’ Usayd b. ±udayr replied: ‘No.’ The Holy Prophet a said: ‘They were angels who had come nearer to you for your reciting (the S‰ra of Baqara). If you had kept on reciting it till morning, the people would have observed it, and this scene would not have disappeared from them.’ Muslim has mentioned in al-ßa^Ï^, on the authority of Ab‰ Hurayra g, that the Messenger of Allah a said: ‘Do not render your homes graveyards. Surely, Shay~¥n flees from a home where S‰ra al-Baqara is recited.’ In another narration, the Messenger of Allah said: ‘Do not render your homes graveyards. Surely, Shay~¥n does not enter a home where S‰ra al-Baqara is recited.’ Some of the Qur√¥n’s most famous and abundantly recited verses are mentioned in this S‰ra, including the Pedestal Verse (Ayat-ul-Kursi) and the final two verses. al-TirmidhÏ narrates from Ab‰ Hurayra, who said: ‘The Messenger of Allah a said, ‘Everything has a peak, and the peak of the Qur√¥n is S‰ra al-Baqara, and it contains a verse that is the chief of all the Qur√¥nic verses – it is the Pedestal Verse (®yat al-KursÏ, verse:255).’ Regarding the last two verses of the chapter, al-Bukh¥rÏ and Muslim narrate on the authority of Ab‰ Mas¢‰d al-BadrÏ g who said: ‘The Messenger of Allah a said, ‘The two verses from the end of S‰ra al-Baqara—whoever recites them at night, they will be sufficient for him.’
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SƑRA 2
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part one
al-Baqara (The Cow)
# In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the All-Merciful. 2:1
Alif, L¥m, MÏm.
2:2
This is the (Glorious) Book. There is no doubt about it. It is a guide for those who are God-conscious,
2:3
who believe in the Unseen, establish prayer and spend from what we have provided them,
2:4
and who believe in what has been revealed to you (O Prophet) and what was revealed before you, and have sure faith in the Hereafter.
2:5
They are the ones upon guidance from their Lord, and they are the ones who shall be successful.
2:6
As for those who persist in disbelief, it is the same for them whether you warn them or do not warn them, they will never believe.
2:7
Allah (as a result of their choice) has set a seal on their hearts and their hearing, and there is a
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blindfold on their eyes. And there is a grievous punishment for them. 6
ٓ ١ال ٓم
َ ُ َ ۡ َ َ ُٗ ٰذٰل ِك ٱلكِت ۛ َ ب ل َر ۡي ب فِي ۛهِ هدى َ ّل ِۡل ُم َّتق 2 ني ِ
ۡ َ ُ ۡ ُ َ َّ َ ُ َُ ۡ ٱل َغ يمون ي ِب ويق ِ ٱلِين يؤمِنون ب ِ ۡ َ ُ َ َ َّ ٣ٱلصل ٰوة َوم َِّما َر َزق َنٰ ُه ۡم يُنفِقون َ ۡ َ َ ُ ٓ َ َ ُ ۡ ُ َ َّ َ وٱلِين يؤمِنون بِما أنزِل إِلك َۡو َما ٓ أُنز َل مِن َق ۡبل َِك َوبٱٓأۡلخ َِرة ِ ُهم ِ ِ َ ٤ يُوق ُِنون
ٗ ُ ٰ َ َ َ ٰٓ َ ْ ُ ّ ّ أولئِك ۖع هدى مِن َّرب ِ ِه ۡم ۡ ۡ َ َ َ ُ ُ ٥َوأ ْو ٰٓلئِك ه ُم ٱل ُمفل ُِحون
ْ ََ َ ٓ َ إ َّن َّٱل ِين كف ُروا َس َوا ٌء َعل ۡي ِه ۡم ِ َ َ َ َ َ ُ ُ َ َءأنذ ۡرت ُه ۡم أ ۡم ل ۡم تنذ ِۡره ۡم ل َ ۡ ٦ يُؤ م ُِنو ن
َ َ ُ َّ َ َ َ ۡ َ ٰ َ َ ع قُلُوبه ۡم َو ٰ ختم ٱلل ۖع سمعِ ِه ۡم ِِ َ ََ َ ٌ ۖ َول َ ُه ۡم َع َذٞ ِش َوة ٰٓ و ٰ َ ع أبۡ َص ٰ ِره ِۡم غ اب ٞ َع ِظ ٧ يم
2:8
SƑRA 2
And among the people are some who (apparently) say: ‘We believe in Allah and the Last Day,’ but they are not believers.
2:9
They seek to deceive Allah and the believers, but they deceive none except themselves, though they do not realise it.1
2:10
There is a sickness in their hearts, which Allah has increased, and there will be a painful punishment for them because of the lies they used to tell.
2:11
When it is said to them, ‘Do not cause corruption in the land,’ they reply: ‘We are only reformers’.
2:12
However, they themselves are the corrupters, but they do not realise it.
2:13
And when they are told: ‘Believe as others believe,’ they reply, ‘Are we to believe as fools believe?’ It is they who are the fools, but they do not know (it).
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al-Baqara (The Cow)
ُ ُ َّ ِ ََّوم َِن ٱنل ِاس َمن َيقول َء َام َّنا بِٱلل ۡ َ َ ٱلَ ۡو ِم ٱٓأۡلخِر َو َما ُهم ب ُم ۡؤ ِمن ٨ِني ِ ِ وب ِ
۰۰۰۰۰۰۰۰۰۰۰۴
part one
ْ ُ َ َ َ َّ َ َ َّ َ ُ َٰ ُ ِعون ٱلل وٱلِين ءامنوا ي خد َۡ ُ َ ٓ َّ َ َو َما ي َد ُعون إِل أنف َس ُه ۡم َو َما ۡ َ ٩ يَش ُع ُر و ن ُُ َ َ َ ٞ َ َّ ُ َّ اد ُه ُم ٱلل ِف قلوب ِ ِهم مرض فز ْ ُ َ َ ُۢ َ ٌ َ َ ۡ ُ َ َ ٗ َ َ مرضاۖ ولهم عذاب أ ِلم بِما كنوا َ ۡ ١٠ يَك ِذ بُو ن َۡ ْ ُۡ َ َ َ َ ِ ِإَوذا قِيل ل ُه ۡم ل تفس ُِدوا ِف ٱل ۡرض َ ۡ َ َّ ْ ُ َ ١١قال ٓوا إِن َما ن ُن ُم ۡصل ُِحون َّ َ َ ۡ ۡ ُ َّ ٓ َ َ كن ل ِ ٰ أل إِن ُه ۡم ه ُم ٱل ُمفس ُِدون َول ۡ َ ١٢يَش ُع ُرون
َ َ ٓ َ ْ َ ِإَوذا قِيل ل ُه ۡم َءام ُِنوا ك َما َء َام َن ٓ َ ۡ ُ َ ْ ُ َ ُ َّ اس قال ٓوا أنؤم ُِن ك َما َء َام َن ٱنل
ٓ َ ُّ ُ ُ ۡ ُ َّ ٓ َ َ ُ ٓ َ َ ُّ ٱلسف َها ُء ٱلسفهاء ۗ أل إِنهم هم
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There is an omitted and inherent co-related noun (al-mu\¥f al-ma^dh‰f), which is referred to the Messenger (al-Ras‰l). The words ‘they seek to deceive Allah’ in fact, denote ‘they seek to deceive the Messenger of Allah’. Most of the leading authorities of tafsÏr have drawn the same meaning. See: TafsÏr al-Qur~ubÏ, al-Bay\¥wÏ, al-BaghawÏ, al-NafasÏ, al-Kashsh¥f, al-MaharÏ, Z¥d al-MasÏr, al-Kh¥zin, et al. 7
SƑRA 2
2:14
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al-Baqara (The Cow)
When they (i.e. the hypocrites) meet the believers, they declare, ‘We too are believers,’ but when they are alone with their devils, they say (to them), ‘We are with you. We are only mocking (the believers).’
2:15
Allah shall pay them back their mockery and leave them alone, wandering confused in their rebellion.
2:16
They are the ones who bought error for guidance, but their trade did not profit them, nor are they on the right path.
2:17
Their parable is that of one who kindled a fire, but as soon as it lit up all around him, Allah took away their light and left them in utter darkness; they do not see.
2:18
(They are) deaf, dumb and blind; they shall never return (to the right
part one
َّ َ َ َ ١٣كن ل َي ۡعل ُمون ِ ٰ َول
ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ ِإَوذا لَ ُقوا ْ َّٱل ِين َء َام ُنوا قال ٓوا َء َام َّنا َّ ْ ُ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ِإَوذا خل ۡوا إ ِ ٰل ش َيٰ ِطين ِ ِه ۡم قال ٓوا إِنا َ ۡ َ َّ ُ ١٤َم َعك ۡم إِن َما ن ُن ُم ۡس َت ۡه ِز ُءون ُ ُ ُ َّ ٱلل ي َ ۡس َت ۡه ِزئ ب ِ ِه ۡم َو َي ُم ُّده ۡم ِف ۡ َ ُطغ َيٰن ِ ِه ۡم ١٥َي ۡع َم ُهون ْ َ َ ۡ َ َّ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ َ َّ ت ُوا ٱلضلٰلة أو ٰٓلئِك ٱلِين ٱش ُ ّ َ َ َ َ ٰ َ ُۡ حت ت َِجٰ َرت ُه ۡم َو َما ِ بِٱلهدى فما رب َ َكنُوا ْ ُم ۡه َتد ١٦ِين ۡ َم َثلُ ُه ۡم َك َم َثل َّٱلِي ٗ َٱس َت ۡوقَ َد ن ارا ِ ۡ َ ٓ َ َ ٓ َّ َ َ َ ت َما َح ۡو َ ُلۥ َذ َه ب فلما أضاء
َّ َ ُ ُ ۡ ُ َ َ َ ۡ ُ ُ َّ تل ٖ ٰ ٱلل بِنورِهِم وت َركهم ِف ظلم َ ُ ُۡ ١٧ ص ون ِ يب
َ ۡ ُ ۢ ُّ ُ ۡ َ َ ۡ ُ َ ٞ ۡ ك ٌم ُع صم ب ١٨ج ُعون ِ م فهم ل ير
path). 2:19
Alternatively, (their parable is) that of a rainstorm from the sky, with utter darkness, thunder and lightning. They put their fingers into their ears, fearing death due
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ٞ ٰ ٱلس َمآءِ فِيهِ ُظلُ َم َّ أَ ۡو َك َص ّيب ّم َِن ت ٖ ِ َ َ ََُۡ ٞ ََۡ ٞ ۡ َ َ ٓ ِ ون أ َصٰب ِ َع ُه ۡم ف ورعد وبرق يعل ۡ َ َ َ ّ َ َّ ت ۚ ِ َءاذان ِ ِهم م َِن ٱلصوٰع ِِق حذ َر ٱل َم ۡو