“INDONESIA: The Golden Chance” Seminar Confindustria Vicenza, 29th November 2011
“Strategic Sectors Focus” Mr. Luca Vianelli, Partner and Managing Director MDA CONSULTING S.E.A. – BANGKOK and PT. MUTUALLINK INDONESIA – JAKARTA
“Strategy is important but execution is everything” 1
AGENDA 1. Indonesia at a Glance 2. Facts of Indonesia 3. Strategic Sectors Focus 4. Doing Business in Indonesia
2
Indonesia at a Glance
3
Indonesia at a Glance •
Country name: Republic of Indonesia
•
Capital city:
Jakarta
•
Total Area:
1,904,569 km2 - World ranking 16
•
President:
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (since October 2004)
•
Population:
240,271,522 (July 2009 est.) – World ranking: 4
•
Language:
Bahasa Indonesia, English, Dutch and local dialects
•
Currency:
IDR (Indonesian Rupiah)
•
Religion:
Islam (majority), Christian, Catholic, Buddha, Hindu –
- 24 Million inhabitants (2010)
Indonesia is the largest Muslim country in the world 4
Indonesia at a Glance •
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity): US$ 1.03 trillion (2010 est.) – World ranking: 16
•
GDP real growth rate : 6.1% (2010 est.) – World ranking: 50
•
Labor force: 116.5 million (2010 est.) – World ranking: 5
•
Imports : US$ 127.1 billion (2010 est.) – World ranking: 30 5
INDONESIA amongst ASEAN Countries
6
Facts of Indonesia
7
Sound Economic Fundamentals • GDP size of nearly US$ 707 billion in 2010, Indonesia is the largest economy in Southeast Asia. • Indonesia’s economy grew by 4.5% in 2009, 6.1% in 2010 and is expected to reach 6.4% this year, providing a case for Indonesia’s inclusion in the so-called BRIC economies. • Private consumption accounts for 70% of GDP and has increased by 5.3% in 2008 • Future economic expansion is expected to include more inclusive growth as nominal per-capita GDP is expected to quadruple by 2020, according to a Standard Chartered report.
8
Sound Economic Fundamentals •
Indonesia’s debt to GDP ratio has steadily declined from 83% in 2001 to 26% by the end of 2010; the lowest among ASEAN countries, aside from Singapore which has no government debt.
•
In April 2011, Standard & Poor’s had improved Indonesia’s credit rating to BB+. The rating reflected Indonesia’s resilience to the global financial crisis, improving government and external credit-metrics, and an ability to manage domestic political challenges to the reform agenda.
•
Listed as one of the top 10 most attractive destinations for foreign direct investment (FDI) as per UNCTAD World’s Investment Prospects Survey in 2010. 9
Sound Economic Fundamentals GDP Growth in Percentage (year on year)
10
Sound Economic Fundamentals An Upward Trend in FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) Inflow
11
Sound Economic Fundamentals Indonesia’s Economic Potential
12
Stronger Investment Climate
•
All the improvements that have been and continue to be applied have placed Indonesia as #1 country for entrepreneurship in the recent 2011 BBC survey. It has also managed to jump 10 places to 44th from a total of 139 ranked countries in the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report in 2011.
•
Listed as one of 10 countries improving investor protections as per Doing Business Report 2010 by IFC (The World Bank).
13
Dynamic Demographic Base •
Over 50% of the population (240 million people) is under 29 years old and lives in the urban area.
•
Education spending accounts for 16% of total government expenditures, higher than any other sector, and university graduates are trained in technical fields such as finance and economics (28%) or engineering and sciences (27.5%).
•
Labor cost is relatively low.
•
The services sector has grown by over 16%
(from 1998 to 2009).
14
Population’s Growth Projection
15
Labor Cost in 2009
16
Abundant Natural Resources •
Indonesia is rich in non-renewable energy (coal), renewable energy (geothermal and hydro power), and agricultural products (palm oil, cocoa and rubber).
•
Natural resource-based export has expanded to 52.7% of total share in 2010 from 50.3% in 2009.
•
The mining industry accounted for 28% of the total Foreign Direct Investment as of 1st quarter of 2011.
•
Development potential is far from saturated, particularly in renewable energy.
17
Abundant Natural Resources
•
Indonesia is home to a biodiversity that is only second to Brazil. Indonesia has become a commodities powerhouse and a leading commodities exporter:
18
Indonesia’s mining companies
Source: Kompas Newspaper 23 May 2011
19
Expanding Global Influence •
A leading member of ASEAN, Indonesia shapes integrative approaches in the region for security, trade and commerce and will be the integral part of the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015.
•
Southeast Asia’s only member of the G-20, the latest global grouping for transnational economic policy.
•
Standard Chartered sees Indonesia’s inclusion in the G-7 by 2030, projecting that Indonesia’s economy could be the 10th largest in 2020 and the 5th largest in 2030.
•
Emerging as a key player on cross-cutting policy issues such as climate change, which have direct and indirect impacts on business and investment decisions. 20
Strategic Sectors Focus 1.
Agriculture: Palm Oil, Rubber and Cocoa
2.
Energy: Crude Oil, Fuel, Gas, Coal, CBM, Bio-Fuel
3.
Renewable Energiea: Geo, Hydro, Waste to Energy
4.
Infrastructures: Road, Railways, Seaport
21
2010 GDP Composition
22
2010 GDP Growth (’06 - ’10)
23
2010 GDP Growth (’06 - ’10)
The growth of manufacturing industry non-oil and gas amounted 5.1% in 2010 showed a significant increase compared to same period in 2009 which is only reached 2.6%. The highest increases are: •transportation and parts amounted to 10.35%; •fertilizer, chemical and rubber industry grew by 4.67%; •other goods industries by 2.98 %
24
2010 GDP Growth (’05 - ’10)
25
Agriculture: Sector Snapshot • • • •
Contribution to GDP: Contribution to Exports: Number Employed: Main Products:
15.3% (2010) 3.17% 41 million (2010) Palm Oil, Rubber, Cocoa, Cassava, Coffee, Tea, Tobacco, Rice.
•
Main Export Markets:
China, USA, Japan, Singapore, Korea, EU.
•
Changes to the Negative Investment List for 2010 have opened up parts of the agricultural sector that were previously closed to foreign investment.
•
For example, investors can now own up to 49% in staple crop plantations over 25 hectares such as soybeans, sweet potato, rice and cassava; 26
Agriculture: World Palm Oil Production (2009)
27
Agriculture - Palm Oil Plantation Plan
28
Agriculture: Palm Oil Production and Export
29
Agriculture – Palm Oil •
Fertile land, a favorable climate and low labor costs have made Indonesia the leading producer of crude palm oil (CPO) worldwide.
•
4.5% of GDP and nearly 7% of total export value for 2010. Government targets of a 16% rise in exports for 2011 and more ambitious goals to 2020 which would double output.
•
Private enterprises accounting for an estimated 48% of production, small hold farmers at 40% and state owned plantations at 12%.
•
Sumatra ha 70% of cultivation while other plantations are found in East and West Kalimantan.
•
Government Regulation No. 62/2008 provides a 30% net tax deduction for 6 years for investors in various sectors including the downstream CPO industry. 30
Agriculture – Palm Oil
Source: Oil Palm Business Association
Demand for exports is being driven by China and India’s rapid growth for use as edible oils in foodstuffs and for bio-fuel production. The 2007’s EU directive that makes mandatory to use at least 10% of biofuel in transportation by 2020 is also contributing to the growing demand. 31
Agriculture – Rubber •
Indonesia is the world’s 2nd largest natural rubber exporter after Thailand, while having the largest area of rubber plantations.
•
Demand is predicted to reach 16.2 million MET by 2020 up from 11.2 million MET for 2011 (International Rubber Study Group).
•
Consumption of national production is currently only at 15%.
•
Investors may own up to 95% of a 25 hectare or more plot of land for cultivation and integrated downstream facility; this includes sheet rubber, thick latex and the crumb rubber industry. (as per the Negative Investment List 2010)
32
Agriculture – Rubber’s worldwide production
Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC)
33
Agriculture – Cocoa •
Indonesia is the world’s 3rd largest cocoa exporter for 18% of global market share with 470,000 MET produced in 2010.
•
Demand is arising out of increased confectionary and chocolate consumption from markets such as China and India as well as the European Union.
•
Indonesia’s cocoa production is concentrated in Sulawesi where 63% of the country’s raw cocoa is produced.
•
The value added chain in cocoa is a priority area for the government with the target of $6.25 billion USD in export value by 2025.
•
The target of 1 million MET annual output over the period 2013-2014 requires investments and meet 34
Agriculture – Cocoa’s worldwide production
35
Agriculture – Cocoa’s government incentives
•
Cocoa is a priority area for the government as stated in Presidential Decree No. 28/2008. In order to incentivize investment into the downstream cocoa industry, a progressive tax was introduced in April 2010 that increases in line with global prices for raw cocoa beans under Ministry of Finance Decree No. 67/2010.
•
Incentives for investors include expected revisions to Government Regulation Number 62/2008 on income tax facilities, which will soon cover cocoa.
•
Other incentives include the exemption of import tax on machinery and capital goods needed for production as well as exemption of VAT on cocoa beans. 36
Energy – Sector Snapshot Contribution to GDP: 11% (2010) Imports: $2.36 billion (2010) Proven Oil Reserves: 4.2 billion barrels (end 2010) Proven Gas Reserves: 108.4 trillion cubic feet Proven Coal Reserves: 5529 million MET Proven potential in Geothermal Energy: 27 GW Proven potential in Hydropower: 75 GW Other Energy Sources: Coal Bed Methane, Biomass, Solar, Sea Current Energy Current Energy Mix: Oil 47.6%, Coal 26.3%, Gas 21.4%, Hydro 3.2%, Geothermal 1.5% (2010) Relevant Law : Energy Law No.30/2007 Setting the National Energy Policy on course to secure energy security and pursue greater reliance on renewable energy by providing incentives for its development. 37
Energy Mix: 2010 vs. 2025
Source: PLN
38
Energy – Crude Oil (2010)
Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
•
Indonesia ranks 20th place in the world as an oil producer, providing 1.2% of total global production.
•
Targets for production increases have been set at 1 million bpd by 2015, up from 2011 production figures at 443,790 bpd.
39
Energy – Crude Oil •
The two largest oil fields by production are Minas and Duri on the east coast of Sumatra that are both maturing with over 80% of reserves.
•
The main players in the country’s oil sector are Chevron, Pertamina, Total, Conoco Phillips and Medco. Chevron is the leading producer of oil accounting for 47% of total production in 2009 after acquiring Unocal in 2005.
•
Further refinery capacity is still required and the Kuwait Petroleum Corporation announced in April 2011 plans to construct a refinery at Balongan, West Java.
40
Energy – Fuel (2010)
Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
41
Energy – Fuel •
The Energy Law of 2007 set in motion Indonesia’s plan to shift its reliance on fossil fuels, mainly coal and oil, towards more environmentally friendly and sustainable means.
•
The aim is to reduce oil dependence to 20% by 2025 while increasing the input of renewable and alternative forms of energy to make up 15% of the total.
•
Within non-renewable, Indonesia is seeking to capitalize on its vast reserves of coal bed methane. This presents a number of opportunities for investment and technology partnerships as the government aims to incentivize investment in these areas in order to realize its goals to be a low cost, low carbon economy. 42
Energy – GAS (2010)
Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
•
Indonesia has the 3rd largest reserves of natural gas in the Asia Pacific region at 108.4 trillion cubic feet of proven reserves at the end of 2010; three times that of its oil reserves. 43
Energy – GAS •
Pertamina accounts for about 15% of total natural gas production, CNOOC for 37% as per 2009 alongside local and international energy companies such as Total, BP, ConocoPhillips, and ExxonMobil who dominate the upstream gas sector.
•
The main production sites are in Arun Aceh, the site of the first LNG exports in 1978, Bontang in East Kalimantan and Tangguh in Papua.
•
In 2008, 52.2% of natural gas was exported to the traditional markets of Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.
•
New projects that are underway such as Tangguh in Papua under BP, that came on-stream in 2009 and the Cepu block in Central Java by Exxon Mobil and Pertamina are designed to give a boost to the country’s role as an LNG exporter. 44
Energy – Coal (2010)
Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
45
Energy - Coal’s volumes prodictions
46
Energy - Countries Ranked for Coal (2009)
47
Energy – Coal Bed Methane (2010) •
Indonesia is the 2nd largest producer of coal bed methane (CBM) after China with reserves of 453 trillion cubic feet;
•
Indonesia has the largest proven global reserves of CBM with the main sources being located in Kalimantan, South Sumatra and Riau.
•
Production targets are set at 500 tcf (2015) and to 900 tcf (2020);
•
The first CBM fed power plant located in East Kalimantan will come on stream in 2011 (operated by PT Ephindo in a consortium with GE).
•
5 further work areas are also expected in 2011.
•
Pricing of CBM power for the domestic market is at $0.27 USD per kwh; 50% lower compared to diesel. PLN forecasts that CBM could produce as much as 2000 MW of power for the country by 2015. 48
Energy - Biofuels •
In 2006, the Government of Indonesia established its first national policy on biofuels as part of the National Security Act.
•
The government had set up goals of reaching 2% biofuels in the energy mix by 2010 (5.29 million kiloliters), growing to 3% by 2015 (9.84 million kiloliters) and 5% by 2025 (22.26 million kiloliters).
•
In 2007, the government announced an interest rate subsidy of Rp 1 trillion for farmers growing biofuels crops including jatropha, oil palm, cassava, and sugar cane.
•
The government prohibits rainforest deforestation for biofuels purposes. 49
Energy – Bio-ethanol •
There are currently 13 companies producing industrial ethanol in Indonesia. The 4 largest producers have 75% of the total capacity.
•
Production of industrial ethanol has annually grown by 3% (2006–2010) At this rate production of industrial ethanol will reach 194 ML in 2011 and 200 ML in 2012.
•
Domestic industrial users consume more than 70% of total industrial ethanol produced in Indonesia. Exports of industrial ethanol have grown annually by almost 9% within (2006 – 2010).
•
Exports shall reach 43 M liters in 2011 and 48 M liters in 2012.
•
The industry may have additional capacity of 272 M liters due to conversion from fuel to industrial ethanol plant. 50
Energy – Bio-ethanol •
Fuel ethanol in Indonesia is produced from sugarcane molasses. Indonesia has about 5.5 M acres dedicated to sugarcane production.
•
Indonesia is among the top 10 sugarcane producers in the world with about 30 million tons/year.
•
There were 52,195 ha planted with cassava in 2007 and it is expected to increase to 782,000 ha.
•
In Indonesia, 1 ton of molasses yields about 250 liters, and 1 ton of cassava yields about 155 liters of anhydrous ethanol (USDA).
•
The main export market for Indonesian ethanol is Japan.
51
Energy – Bio-ethanol Plan
52
Energy - Biodiesel •
Production of biodiesel will increase from 455 ML (2010) to a range between 530 and 650 ML (2011) (IBP Association forecast)
•
Production could reach as high as 700 ML in 2012.
•
Indonesian Jatropha biodiesel is still in research stage.
•
Every 4 kg of dry Jatropha beans produce 1 liter of Jatropha oil.
•
1 kg of dry Jatropha beans is priced at IDR 2,000. The feedstock cost therefore is roughly IDR 8,000/liter of Jatropha oil.
•
Conversely 1 liter of palm oil is extracted from 4.55 kg of palm’s fresh fruit bunch which is priced at IDR 1,100/kg.
•
The number suggests that feedstock costs associated with palm-oil based biodiesel at IDR 5,000/liter are significantly cheaper than that of Jatropha biodiesel. 53
Energy – Biodiesel Plan
54
Renewable Energy Potential Energy Resource Potential in Indonesia:
Major Islands
Java Bali Sumatra Kalimantan Sulawesi Nusa Tenggara Maluku Papua Total
Geo Thermal
Hydro
Biomass
Mwe 3086 226 5433 -
MW 54 20 5489 6047
MW 13622 347 6433 6231
721 645 142
4479 292 217 24974 41436
5337 1174 1093 6814 41651
10027
* total geothermal potential: installed, reserve, and resources for electricity is around 20,000 MW Source: DESDM, RUKN (National Electricity Master Plan), 2004
55
Electricity Production (2010)
Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
56
Renewable Energy – Geothermal (2010)
Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
•
Indonesia has 27 GW of proven geothermal energy reserves and currently taps less than 5% of the potential.
•
The plans as per the second Fast Track Program are to build 43 geothermal power plants by 2014 and to produce 9,000 MW by 2025. 57
RE – Geothermal’s production, development, plan
Source: Glendale Partnersc 58
RE - Countries Ranked for Geothermal (2008)
59
Renewable Energy– Hydro Power (2010) •
The hydro power potential is proxy 75 GW and there are over 100 hydro sources of varying sizes that have been identified as per the end of 2010; less than 8% of capacity is utilized.
•
Despite hydro power aiming to have 5,140 MW of hydro powered electricity on stream by 2019, there were only 3 large scale projects being executed at the end of 2010.
Source: Indonesia Renewable Energy Society
60
Renewable Energy – Hydro Power
•
Large scale hydro projects have proved more popular as an investment opportunity. The beginning of 2011 saw a number of new projects from foreign companies; South Korea’s Hyundai was awarded at $340 million USD contract to build an 88 MW hydro plant in Aceh, Sumatra in May 2011 while Norwegian and Chinese firms have also won contracts for plants in Sulawesi.
•
The World Bank also announced a $640 million USD loan to contribute to a pumped water system at an existing plant in Upper Cisokan to expand electricity capacity during peak hours.
61
Renewable Energy – Waste to Energy
•
Indonesia produces 200,000 MET of garbage per day and it is estimated that of the existing waste, at least 4,000 MW of electricity could be generated.
•
The largest project of its kind is located at Bantar Gabang Landfill in East Jakarta, the waste to power plant had produced 4 MW of power in 2010, due to increase to 16 MW by 2015.
62
Renewable Energy Incentives •
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No.31/2009 on Power Purchase by PT PLN from new small and medium scale power plants using renewable energy sources.
•
PLN is obliged to buy energy from renewable power plants below 10 MW and ensures a higher pricing system for mini and micro plants outside of Java and the eastern area.
•
Tax reduced by 5% for 6 years, reduced tax rate on dividend payments for international investors, projects exempted from VAT and import duties for equipment.
•
Negative Investment List 2010 Presidential Decree 36/2010 stipulates that all electricity generating power plants have a maximum limit of 95% foreign ownership.
•
Plans to increase the bio fuel subsidy in the 2012 state budget from Rp 2,000 to Rp 3,000 for biodiesel and Rp 3,500 for bio ethanol. 63
Energy: Reveneus and Investment
Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
64
Infrastructure: Sector Snapshot Contribution to GDP: Existing Road Network: Existing Railway Network: Number of Airports: Number of Commercial Sea Ports:
6% (2010) 476,337 km (2009) 4,800 km 187 (local and international) 111
Main Government Bodies: Ministry of Transport, BAPPENAS, Ministry of Public Works, Ministry of State Owned Enterprises through Directorate General of Highways, the Indonesian Toll Road Authority. Indonesia’s vast size stretching over 5,000 km across the equator and being made up of over 17,000 islands has made the development of an efficient national transport network a challenge and priority. 65
Infrastructure - Challanges
•Rail – Accounts for less than 10% of passenger and less than 1% of freight transport. Jakarta is the largest city in the world without proper intracity rail; •Roads - 35% of subnational roads and 10% of national roads are classified as “Heavily Damaged”; subnational roads are 92% of network; •Ports - Indonesia has only 2 international hub ports; no investment for 25 years;
Source: Glendale Partners 66
Infrastructure: investments • Indonesia will spend $250 billion over the next 5 y (Morgan Stanley) • $85 billion is estimated to be spent on electricity, 27% will go toward roads, and 21% on telecom. • GDP shall growth to more than 7% a year by 2015. -May 12, 2011• Network development plan is being carried out in several phases under the National Long Term Transport Sector Plan 2005-2025 as well as being part of the Master Plan for ASEAN Connectivity to 2015.
67
Infrastructure - Roads • The length of Indonesia national road network has grown from 391,009 km in 2005 to 476,337 km in 2009 (Statistics Indonesia). • From 2001 to 2009, road length increased by an average of around 2% per year while private vehicle ownership has increased by 11-13% per year (University of Gadjah Mada). • Indonesian government plan to construct over 800 km of new toll roads by 2014 with Trans-Java connectivity as a priority. Of the 27 priority infrastructure projects, 18 of these are toll roads.
68
The 6 Economic Corridors
69
Infrastructure – Java Toll Roads
70 Source: Glendale Partners
Infrastructure – Jabodetabek Toll Roads
71
Infrastructure - Railways •
Rail Network of Java in 1931: Total Length of Rail 4,072Km
•
Rail Network of Java in 2010: Total Length of Rail 3,012Km
•
Rail Network of Sumatra in 1931: Total Length of Rail 1,860Km
•
Rail Network of Sumatra in 2010: Total Length of Rail 1,348Km Jakarta 1920
Jakarta 2010
72
Infrastructure - Railways • Sector’s monopoly was over in 2007. • The railway tracks are under state ownership with state and private companies paying a fee to use the rail lines. • Under the National Railway Master Plan, 2010-2030, Indonesia’s railways will gradually be moved towards greater commercialization. • There are 9 railway projects including the rail link from Soekarno Hatta International Airport to Jakarta and the coal railway line in Kalimantan. • The Ministry of Transport is also moving ahead with ways to attract investors into specialized industrial railways such as for CPO (Sumatra) and Coal (Kalimantan) transport by preparing to speed up approvals through e-licensing. 73
Infrastructure - Railways • In 2011 with the agreement of a loan from the Japanese International Cooperation Agency and a tender issued for the estimated $1.8 billion USD scheme. Made up of two lines, it will be 110 km in total length. • The first line is the North – South line to be completed in 2 phases beginning construction in 2012, with the first section operational by 2016 and the second by 2018. A second line covering an East–West route is undergoing feasibility studies with the aim to begin construction in 2024.. It will have both above and underground sections and is projected to be able to carry 420,000 passengers a day by the third year of operation.
74
Infrastructure – MRT planned project
Jakarta Kota to Lebak Bulus To be constructed under Japanese financing.
75 Source: Glendale Partners
Infrastructure – Seaports comparison Thailand
Indonesia
Malaysia
Terminals Old river port Monopoly Monopoly Largest ship 2,000 TEU 2,000 TEU 3,000 TEU Transshipment 100% transshipped in Singapore Freight to US US$ 4,000 US$ 4,000 US$ 4,000
Terminals Largest ship Transshipment Freight to US
7 Terminals 15,000 TEU Low US$ 2,250
Monopoly 4,000 TEU 60%+ US$ 3,500
3 Terminals 15,000 TEU Become a hub US$ 2,000
76 Source: Glendale Partners
Infrastructure - Seaport • Sea transportation is a vital aspect of Indonesia’s trading infrastructure carrying over 90% of internationally traded goods. • Indonesia has 1,700 small ports throughout the islands; 111 of these are commercial ports while only 11 are container ports. • Highly inefficient system: Indonesia’s cargo has to go through Malaysia and Singapore. • Tanjung Priok handling 70% of Indonesia’s total import and export flow: its 5 million TEU limit capacity will be reached in 2011. • The price of shipping a standard container from West Sumatra to Jakarta is over three times the cost of Jakarta to Singapore. 77
Infrastructure – Seaport Future Projects
78
Doing Business in Indonesia
79
Doing Business in Indonesia •
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Company and Joint Ventures can be established in Indonesia.
•
Trading and Business Transactions can be conduct with a Foreign Direct Investment Company.
•
A Foreign Company that wishes to assess the potential market in Indonesia may establish a Representative Office and not a branch office.
•
Indonesian laws and regulations classified representative offices into 3 forms: • Foreign Representative Office • Foreign Trade Representative Office • Foreign Construction Service Representative Office 80
MDA S.E.A. CONTACTS MDA Consulting S.E.A. Co. Ltd. Bangkok Thailand Suite 504 Tonson Building 50 Soi Tonson Ploenchit Road Bangkok 10330 Tel: +662 6522447 Fax: +662 6522448 Email: lvianelli@mda.it Web site: www.mda.co.th
“Strategy is important but execution is everything” 81
Back Up Slides
82
Strategic Sectors Focus In year 2010-2014 the Indonesia Ministry of Industry focuses on 6 industry groups that have good opportunities to be developed: (1)Labor Intensive Industries; (2)Small and Medium Industries; (3)Capital Goods Industries; (4)Natural Resource-Based Industry; (5)High Growth Industry; (6)Special Priority Industries;
83
Agriculture – Share of Indonesia Rubber Production
Source: Ministry of Agriculture, 2011
Under the economic corridor program, Sumatra has been designated as the main site for rubber plantations and downstream production, specifically in Medan, Pekanbaru, Jambi and Palembang. 84
FDI by Sector (2011)
85 Source: BKPM
FDI by Sector (Q3 2011)
Source: BKPM, 2011
86
Renewable Energy Potential Potential Energy Resources
Province
Hydro MW
Aceh North Sumatra West Sumatra Riau Jambi Bengkulu Bangka Belitung S. Sumatra Lampung
5 3 10 0.4
Biomass MW
Biogas MW
2 0.4
1,185 2,522 485 485 1,385 1,073 485
2,365 1,117 1,570 1,033 355 1,570
3 2,969
1,335 1,774
2 2 -
Banten DKI Jaya West Java Central Java DI Yogyakarta East Java Bali W. Nusa Tenggara E. Nusa Tenggara
Geothermal Mwe
Wind m/s
PV kWh/m2/day
43 47 26 9 9 9 9
3 3 4 4 4 4
4 -
2 5
27 6
5 -
5 20
285 3,397 64 10
7.6 3,735 4,048 20.8
0.7 40 63 7.7
2.9 4.0 3 -
4.4 4.2 4 5 4.5
2 80 6.2
654 350 250
5,464 347.4 615.4
26 31.9 28.2
4 2.4 3.1
4 5.3 5.1
14.8
1,850
1,160
56.7
4.1
5.7
235.9
-
2.3
17.5
3
4.6
Cent. Kalimantan E. Kalimantan S. Kalimantan
2.8 1.2 3.2
-
3,004 3,224 1.1
3 3.0 2.9
4.2 9.4
Central Sulawesi
17.1
250
1,150
9
3.0
5.5
South Sulawesi
25.9
250
2,506
41.5
-
-
North Sulawei
17.8
85
737
6
3.0
4.9
W. Kalimantan
3,791 4.9 9
S. E. Sulawesi
270
5
872
10
-
-
Gorontalo
61.1
40
72
-
-
4.9
0.8
750
1,093
5.7
3.3
-
9.8
-
6,814
9.4
3.4
5.7
Maluku & North
Maluku Papua Source: workbank.org
87
Strategic Sectors Focus • The success of the Jakarta plant and other small scale projects around the country such as in Bali and Bandung illustrates the potential of such plants in the future.
Source: PLN
88
Oil and Condensate Production Forecast
Source: Directorate General of Oil & Gas (MoEMR) 2008-2009 (actual) 2010.
89
Energy – Coal Bed Methane CBM (2010)
Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
90
Renewable Energy Incentives ď ą Related Regulation • Presidential Regulation No. 4/2010 stipulates the acceleration of the use of renewable energy alongside coal and gas, to be carried out by PLN and private investors. The regulation actively invites private investors to participate in electricity power plants and transmission infrastructure. The regulation also requires for land acquisition for power generation projects to be carried out within 120 days, but this only extends to projects in which PLN is participating.
91
Strategic Sectors Focus • Law No. 30/2009 on Electricity decentralizes the authority on the electrical sector and hands over power to local and regional authorities. • Companies engaging in electricity power generation must be legal entity established under Indonesia law and therefore registered with BKPM as per Law No. 20/2002. • As per the 2010 Negative Investment List, foreigners may own up to 95% in electricity generating projects. Investment into power generation is under the jurisdiction of the BKPM for small scale projects; larger scale projects require the approval of MEMR while all projects will involve local government authorities approval to be executed. 92
Infrastructure - Seaport • The World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 20102011 where Indonesia ranked 44th overall, put the country at 90th for infrastructure and 96th for port efficiency. Similarly, the World Bank Logistics Performance Index places Indonesia at 75th out of 155 countries. • Ports are managed by four state owned companies PT Pelindo I, II, III and IV while the sector has been recently opened up to private sector and foreign involvement in 2011 under the 2008 Shipping Law.
93
Infrastructure - Seaport
94
Infrastructure - Seaport •
The need to radically upgrade facilities is recognized by the government and a new drive is underway as part of the national infrastructure development master plan.
•
New ports are being planned to relieve some of the congestion. In North Jakarta, Kalibaru Container Port is due to begin construction at the end of 2011 to easy off some of the pressure from the main Tanjung Priok Port that has been stagnating in terms of capacity. It will accommodate 6.5 million TEUs as well as host an oil and gas terminal.
•
Further upgrade plans under the SOEs PT Pelindo I, II, III & IV are underway to expand the capacity of Tanjung Priok by 1.7 million TEUs as well as the construction of new ports at Ancol, North Jakarta and Lamong Bay in Surabaya. 95
Infrastructure - Seaport •
Private companies have also moved in to fill the gap by constructing their own ports and terminal facilities such as AKR Corporindo and property developer Jababeka’s dry port in Cikarang.
•
With the break of PT Pelindo’s monopoly on port management under the 2008 Shipping Law thus opening up the sector to private players in 2011, this should see greater competition as well as improved efficiency.
•
Increased private sector involvement will bring a much needed boost to improve both turnaround times and high costs. This move is necessitated by the upcoming ASEAN single window in 2012 and the single market in 2015 which will see further intensification of regional trade. 96