2009
MEAGAN KERR
Submarine Research and Development Centre Meagan Kerr School of Architecture and the Built Environment Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment The University of Newcastle, NSW Architectural Design 5
01
project proposal
13
02
business analysis
21
03
client analysis
31
04
brief analysis
39
05
site analysis
47
06
precedent analysis
65
07
manifesto
79
08
conceptual design
81
09
schematic design
87
10
developed design
93
11
technical resolution
99
12
final design
111
13
conclusion
115
14
bibliography
117
15
appendix
121
3
Table of Contents
4
List of Images image 01 – Functional relationship diagram image 02 – Primary function analysis: training facility image 03 – Primary function analysis: administration + office image 04 – Primary function analysis: laboratory + workshop image 05 – primary function analysis: exhibition space image 06 – Primary function analysis: accomodation image 07 – Location within Australia image 08 – Location within New South Wales image 09 – Jervis Bay image 10 – Site 01: The Creek, Woollamai image 11 – Boundary, site 01 image 12 – Figure Ground Plan, site 01 image 13 – Climatic Site Analysis, site 01 image 14 – Existing Use Diagram, site 01 image 16 – Site 02: H.M.A.S Creswell image 17 – Boundary, site 02 image 18 – Figure Ground Plan, site 02 image 19 – Climatic Site Analysis, site 02 image 20 – Existing Use Diagram, site 02 image 21 – Site 03: Murrays Beach image 22 – Boundary, site 03 image 23 – Figure Ground Plan, site 03 image 24 – Climatic Site Analysis, site 03 image 25 – Existing Use Diagram, site 03 image 26 – Macro View Shed Analysis image 27 – Contours + water collection image 28 – Links + function image 29 – Site vegetation image 30 – Onsite views image 31 – View through vegetation to wharf image 32 – Panoramic view from coastal edge looking west to north image 33 – Panoramic view from entry road looking across swamp image 34 – Soil condition and swamp grasses image 35 – Panoramic looking south from the site
40 41 42 42 43 43 49 49
49 51 51 51 51 51 53 53 53 53 53 55 55 55 55 55 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 62 63 63
List of Figures
23 24 25 26 27 28 28 29 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 56 84 84 90 94 94 95 95 96 108
5
figure 01: Preliminary Program of Work figure 02: Work Breakdown figure 03: Fee Estimate figure 04: Staff Salary Costs figure 05: Consultancy Work Program figure 06: Procurement Strategy Selection Matrix figure 07: Project Management Procurement Strategy Diagram figure 08: Building costs figure 09: Exhibition Accomodation Schedule figure 10: Laboratory Accomodation Schedule figure 12: Workshop Accomodation Schedule figure 13: Staff Administration Accomodation Schedule figure 14: Submarine Evacuation Training Facility Accomodation Schedule figure 15: Hyperbaric Chamber Medical Facility Accomodation Schedule figure 16: Accommodation, Accomodation Schedule figure 17: Site Selection Matrix figure 18: Photos of incision points - Murrays Beach figure 19: Conceptual masterplan figure 20: Photo of schematic models figure 21: Elevation north - developed design figure 22: Section - laboratory/tank/exhibition developed deesign figure 23: Ground floor plan - developed design figure 24: Perspective looking up through diving tank figure 25: Photos of developed design 1:100 sectional model figure 26: Photos of construction detail model
acknowledgments
I would like to thank the other following people for their guidance through the course of the year: »» Mr David Stafford (Course Coordinator + Design Studio Tutor) »» Mr Michael Chapman (Mentor + Supervisor) »» Mr Derren Lowe »» Mr Darren Burrows + Mr José Mare (Client - ATSA) »» Mr Peter Cuppaidge Adrian Your unbiased and loving contribution, the proposal, the reassurance, the partial dismemberment and the pots of tea Gai + Gary Without your support it would not be possible to have studied what I love. Thankyou Michael For allowing me to see that architecture is pixelated, viewed through a much wider lens and with overtones of grellow Ksenia, Sarah & Liz You have seen my best and my worst José
7
My unbelievably tolerant and selfless housemate
introduction
The following design report details the design for a new Mini Submarine, Research and Reconnaissance Centre (MSRRC), located at Murray’s Beach, Jervis Bay. This project was undertaken to fulfil the requirements of Architectural Design 5, 2009. The project focussed on the two narratives of a mini submarine and the navy submariner, to design a facility for technological research and maintenance and diver emergency training. The centre would privately funded by ATSA Defence Services, as a expansion initiative where by the services provided by the company will be located within proximity of its clients. The selection of this project has been approached through a manifesto that aims to deal with inherent apprehensions that the author reserves. The report details the stages of influence, which came from the brief and site analysis.
9
The process of the project has been documented to illustrate MSRRC’s progression from feasibilty and conceptual design through to the requirements for final exhibition.
project summary The proposed Mini Submarine Research and Reconnaissance Centre (MSRRC) for ATSA Defence Services, involves the design for a new facility at Murrays Beach, Jervis Bay. ATSA provides support for some of the world’s most advanced underwater electronic systems. Their mission statement is to deliver expertise and innovation through integrated support solutions for a range of technological applications, from initial development through to production, including technical support and training. The relocation from Thorton to Jervis Bay will position ATSA in proximity to their naval and industry clientele. The new facility will be expanded to include larger, acoustically separated workshop and laboratory with an adjacent testing tank. It will also include a complete facility for submarine evacuation training with an adjacent hyperbaric chamber for the treatment of nitrogen narcosis. A complimentary accommodation wing will sleep up to groups of 16. The combination of these programs within the one facility aims to achieve a building which operates around a narrative of two functions; mini submarines and submarine evacuation diving training.
1 1
The project is motivated by an interest in scuba diving and conversely a fear of submarines. The design developed by exploring the building’s two narrative; mini submarine and diver training. The architectural from exaggerates the user’s spatial awareness - framing crucial moments through forced perspectives. The built for responds and reveals the geological stratification (originally excavated for defence use in the 1950s) using layered exposed aggregate.
PP013
01 project proposal
Mini Submarine Research and Reconnaissance Centre (MSRRC)
01.2 Project Type The project is an integrated [private] research and development facility with an adjacent [public] exhibition space. The project has the parallel function as a training facility for submarine evacutation diver training. A summary of the buildings functions include: »» Laboratory and Workshop [private] - 550 m2 »» Testing + Training Tanks [private + trainee] - 440 m2 »» Public Amenity - Exhibition Space [public] - 815 m2 »» Training Facilities [trainee] - 495 m2 »» Hyperbaric Chamber Medical Treatment [trainee + public]- 170 m2 »» Administration Space [private] - 220 m2 »» Accommodation Quarters [trainee] - 300 m2
PP015
01.1 Project Title
The Mini Submarine Research and Reconnaissance Centre is focussed around water and its re-use across the site. The tanks are the primary focus of the centre and the functions that stem from them and they are the submariner evacuation training tank and the mini submarine testing tank. These »» The Mini Submarine testing tank is a shallow body of water of 10m, which can be viewed by the public and used by the research team. »» A medium scale research laboratory and workshop will operate in a maintenance, research and development capacity adjacent to the testing tank. »» A medium to large scale entry foyer and exhibition gallery will showcase prototype mini submarines and underwater roving underwater vehicles for public exhibition. »» The Submariner Escape Training Tank is a tank with a depth of 50m, which is for private use and under strict supervision. A medium scale hyperbaric chamber is a medical facility primarily for private use by training submariners. The chamber is not exclusively for private trainee use, but available for any scuba diver in need of specialised medical attention. »» Small scale office area will cater for the administration of the training facility as well as the laboratory and workshop. »» Small scale accommodation for groups of up to 16 people will house 8 twin share rooms, bathrooms, dining and recreation areas.
01.4 Content »» Laboratory and Workshop [private] - 550 m2 »» Testing + Training Tanks [private + trainee] - 440 m2 »» Public Amenity - Exhibition Space [public] - 815 m2 »» Training Facilities [trainee] - 495 m2 »» Hyperbaric Chamber Medical Treatment [trainee + public]- 170 m2 »» Administration Space [private] - 220 m2 »» Accommodation Quarters [trainee] - 300 m2
PP017
01.3 Scale
Contact: Address: p: e: w:
Mr Darren Burrows (Engineering Director) PO Box 22 Thornton NSW 2322 Australia +61 2 4964 3500 darren.burrowes@atsa.com.au www.atsa.com.au
01.6 Funding The works will be privately funded by ASTA Defence Services and supplemented by the Royal Australian Navy Amphibious and Afloat Support System
01.7 Locality Site 01 - The Creek Site Location + Description: The Creek, Woollamai, Jervis Bay, NSW Physical Location: Adjacent to the southern side of the public carpark and wharf Site Area: Approximately 13,160 m2 Existing Use: Currently the shore edge of the site is used for mooring small boats. Approximately one quarter of the site is covered in wetland.
Site 02 - H.M.A.S Creswell Site Location + Description: H.M.A.S Creswell, Jervis Bay, ACT (JBT) Physical Location: Eastern edge of the naval base and directly south of the wharf entrance Site Area: Approximately 11,800 m2 Existing Use: The site is currently owned and used by the navy
Site 03 - Murrays Beach Site Location + Description: Murrays Beach, Jervis Bay, ACT (JBT) Physical Location: Southern peninsula of Jervis Bay, set back from the coast in excavated site Site Area: Approximately 9,200 m2 Existing Use: The site is currently owned by Booderee National Park (JBT)
PP019
01.5 Client
BA021
02 business analysis
Narcosis is a medium scale firm currently at 15 staff members. Narcosis has 10 years of professional experience, specialising in technical buildings ranging from laboratories to university buildings. Outlined below is a breakdown of the staffing and fee schedule required to complete the MRRSC project.
02.1 Architectural Staff »» 1 Director »» 1 Project Architect »» 1 Registered Architect »» 1 Graduate »» 1 Architectural Assistant The timeframe for the project to be completed is estimated to take approximately 43 months. The allowed period from brief development through to the development application is 7 months. 12 months have been allowed for the development application to be reviewed and put on public display by the Shoalhaven City Council with 5 months for the contract documentation and tender period. The expected construction period is approximately 20 months for the complexity of the site excavation and retaining.
The following analysis outlines the total project costs, the required fees for the required resources and the budget estimates for the length of the project.
02.2.1 Preliminary Program of Work A preliminary program of work has been prepared for the Mini Submarine Research and Reconnaissance Centre, which establishes the time to be allocated for each stage in months and is outlined below in figure 01. figure 01:  Preliminary Program of Work
Project Stage
Week
Project Brief
1-4
Conceptual Design
5-7
Schematic Design
8-17
Developed Design
18-28
SCC DA Process
19-76
Contract Documentation
77-89
Tender Period
90-98
Contract Administration
99-185
BA023
02.2 Architectural Fees
02.2.2 Work Breakdown The work breakdown outlines the production and staff requirements of each stage of the project. figure 02:  Work Breakdown Project Stage
Production Requirements
Staff Requirements
Analysis and Brief Development
Client & User Analysis Market Analysis Precedent Analysis Brief Analysis Site Analysis Establish Brief
1 Director 1 Project Architect 1 Architect
Conceptual Design
Theoretical Framework Drawings Presentation to Client Revise Brief
1 Director 1 Project Architect 1 Graduate Architect 1 Architectural Assistant
Schematic Design
Drawings Schematic Model 3D Perspectives Presentation to Client
1 Director 1 Project Architect 1 Architect 1 Graduate 1 Architectural Assistant
Developed Design
Drawings Developed Model 3D Perspectives Presentation to Client Statement of Environmental Effects Development Application
1 Director 1 Project Architect 2 Architects 1 Graduate 1 Architectural Assistants
Contract Documentation
Drawings Specification Schedules Consultant Coordination Construction Certificate
1 Director 1 Project Architect 1 Architect 2 Graduates 1 Architectural Assistants
Contract Administration
Site Meetings Consultant Coordination Progress Reports
1 Project Architect 1 Architect 1 Graduate
The following cash flow analysis aims to establish the architectural consultancy fee for the Mini Submarine Research and Reconnaissance Centre. It defines and establishes the cash flow for the architectural and consultancy work. This is achieved firstly by establishing a fee estimate and projecting staff salaries. From this the practice can calculate their overheads and income for the year.
Fee Estimate The following fee estimate is for the various stages of the Mini Submarine Research and Reconnaissance Centre. figure 03:  Fee Estimate Stage
Percentage Fee
Fee $
Project Brief
2.75%
$43,508
Conceptual Design
2.25%
$35,598
Schematic Design
10.50%
$166,123
Developed Design
12.00%
$189,855
Contract Documentation
22.50%
$355,978
Contract Administration
50.00%
$791,061
Total
100.00%
$1,582,122
BA025
02.2.3 Cash Flow Analysis
Staff Salary Costs Figure 04 outlines the calculated the hourly charge out rates for the architectural consultancy. figure 04:  Staff Salary Costs Staff
$A
%P
$P
%NP
$NP
105,000
65%
68,250
35%
36,750
Project Architect
65,000
85%
55,250
15%
9,750
Architect - A
55,000
90%
49,500
10%
5,500
Architect - B
55,000
90%
49,500
10%
5,500
Graduate - A
42,000
90%
37,800
10%
4,200
Graduate - B
42,000
80%
33,600
20%
8,400
Architectural Assistant
32,500
90%
29,250
10%
3,250
Architectural Assistant
32,500
90%
29,250
10%
3,250
Director
Sub Total
429,000
352,400
76,600
Non Technical Staff Secretary
25,000
0%
100%
25,000
Finance
50,000
0%
100%
52,000
Sub Total
TOTAL
$A %P $P %NP $NP
77,000
$ 933,000
Annual salary Percentage Project Time Project Salary Percentage Non-Project Time Non-Project Salary
$ 704,800
$ 307,200
Figure 05 outlines the breakdown of the allocated time for each stage of the project Project Stage
Staff Requirement
Hours Required (h)
Project Brief
Director
52
230
Rate ($/hr)
Total Fee $ 11,953
Project Architect
136
142
19,353
Architect
72
120
8,669
Estimate
39,975
Budget
43,508
Conceptual Design
Director
26
230
5,977
Project Architect
102
142
14,514
Graduate Architect
108
92
9,930
Architectural Assistant
72
71
5,123
Estimate
35,544
Budget
35,598
Schematic Design
Director
78
230
17,930
Project Architect
340
142
48,382
Architect
360
120
43,346
Graduate
288
92
26,481
Architectural Assistant
288
71
Estimate Budget Developed Design
20,491 156,630 158,212
Director
130
230
29,883
Project Architect
374
142
53,220
Architect
396
120
47,681
Architect
144
92
13,240
Graduate
324
92
29,791
Architectural Assistant
324
71
23,052
Estimate
196,867
Budget
197,765
Contract Documentation
Director
130
230
29,883
Project Architect
714
142
101,601
Architect
756
120
91,028
Graduate
468
92
43,031
Graduate
480
92
44,135
Architectural Assistant
540
71
38,421
Estimate
348,098
Budget Contract Administration
355,978 Project Architect
2924
142
416,082
Architect
2052
120
247,075
Graduate
1260
92
115,853
Estimate
779,010
Budget
791,061
Estimate Total
$1,556,124
Budget Total
$1,582,122
BA027
figure 05:  Consultancy Work Program
02.3 Procurement Analysis The following table is outlines the process of selecting the procurement strategy options. The selection is based on the key project success factors of time, cost, quality, flexibility, complexity, risk and certainty.
Traditional Procurement
Score
Client priorities multiplier
Score
Key Project Success Factors
Score
figure 06:  Procurement Strategy Selection Matrix Construction Management
Project Management
Time
10
1
10
10
100
10
100
Cost
9
9
81
1
9
2
18
Quality
8
10
80
10
80
9
72
Flexibility
8
10
80
9
72
8
64
Complexity
9
4
36
10
90
10
90
Risk
6
3
18
1
6
3
18
10
5
50
8
80
9
90
Certainty
Total
355
437
452
From figure 06 it is concluded and recommended that the Mini Submarine Research and Reconnaissance Centre be planned and delivered using the project management procurement strategy. Image is a diagrammatic representation of the project delivery hierarchy and its associated contractual links. figure 07:  Project Management Procurement Strategy Diagram
ATSA
construction contract
(sub-contractor)
builder
(contractor)
project manager
(sub-contractor)
client/architect agreement
(sub-consultant)
architect
(contract administrator)
(sub-consultant)
Figure 08 outlines the building costs for optimistic to realistic budgets. figure 08:  Building costs Project Component Laboratory and Workshop
Cost ($)
Area (m2)
Optimistic ($)
Realistic ($)
Pessimistic ($)
$2,390.00
550
$1,314,500.00
$1,365,375.00
$1,416,250.00
Fixed
440
$5,000,000.00
$5,500,000.00
$6,000,000.00
$4,715.00
815
$3,842,725.00
$3,991,462.50
$4,140,200.00
495
$1,343,925.00
$1,395,900.00
$1,447,875.00
170
$408,850.00
$425,000.00
$441,150.00
220
$398,200.00
$414,150.00
$430,100.00
170
$323,000.00
$335,750.00
$348,500.00
130
$213,850.00
$222,300.00
$230,750.00
1900
$138,700.00
$144,400.00
$150,100.00
$12,983,750.00
$13,794,337.50
$14,604,925.00
$2,575.00 Testing + Training Tanks (excavation | secant pile walls, piles, vertical water proofing and tanking, membrane, penetrations, outlet valves, ladder fixing) Public Amenity - Exhibition Space
$5,080.00 Training Facilities
$2,715.00 $2,925.00
Hyperbaric Chamber Medical Treatment
$2,405.00 $2,595.00
Administration Space
$1,810.00 $1,955.00
Accommodation Quarters
$1,900.00 $2,050.00
Reception, Dining and Kitchen
$1,645.00 $1,775.00
Open Car Parking
$73.00 $79.00
Preliminary Building Total
BA029
02.4 Cost Analysis
CA031
03 client analysis
03.1 Client ATSA Defence Services is a dynamic and innovative company currently based in Newcastle, NSW, Australia’s largest regional port facility. ATSA provides support for the world’s most advanced underwater electronic systems. Their expertise and innovation delivers integrated support solutions for a range of technological applications. Their core areas of expertise cover the full life-cycle of all electronic systems, from initial development through to production, including technical support and training. ATSA has developed close partnerships with original equipment manufacturers such as SAAB Underwater Systems (Sweden), which enables them to provide quality systems engineering solutions to all their clients.
03.1.1 Current Strategy ASTA Defence Services are currently looking to expand their services into Jervis Bay, another port area on the NSW coast line. The company is looking to expand their manufacturing capabilities and training facilities. With a strong connection with the Royal Australian Navy, ATSA would align their services with the military whilst maintaining their current position in Thorton, Hunter Valley. ATSA Defence Services’ target market is a narrow field, specialising in the maintenance and research and development of roving underwater vehicles used by the marine science and navy industries. To service this industry, ATSA Defence Services works in exclusive partnership with SAAB underwater technologies. This partnership allows ATSA to concentrate on their output as two separate entities, production and training.
03.1.2 Company Structure ATSA Defence Services specialise in project management for individual engineering solutions. The company’s structure is managed by four directors, where the functions are divided into the specialty areas of electronic engineering, manufacture and service, laboratory, finance and outsourcing.
03.1.3 Mission Statement ATSA’S rationale is that the worlds’ oceans remain largely unexplored: 71% of the surface of the globe is water, 80% of all life is found beneath the surface and almost a third of all oil comes from offshore fields. Underwater technology creates the tools to manage and utilise ocean resources. ATSA invests in Research and Developement, particularly ocean engineering and associated technologies. They strive to be known as an essential contributor to Australia’s ocean engineering capability, especially in the field of underwater vehicles and systems.
03.2 User Analysis
»» Engineers and Scientists »» The Royal Australian Navy »» Administrative Staff »» Clients/Buyers of ATSA electronic products
03.2.1 ATSA’s External Clients The following is a list ATSA’s current clients who would visit the facility. The presti Amphibious and Afloat Support Systems Program Office ATSA has conducted engineering investigations and trade studies for the Royal Australian Navy Amphibious and Afloat Support Systems Program Office (AASSPO). Working closely with AASSPO officers and the technical staff for HMA Ships KANIMBLA and MANOORA investigations into the status and improvements of solid waste disposal in amphibious ships were undertaken. In this project, ATSA partnered with URS Australia combining capabilities in environmental science and system engineering to provide a complete solution to meet AASSPO requirements. Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) The DSTO is investing considerable resources into the future development of the Double Eagle Mine Disposal System. ATSA supports the DSTO through provision of test facilities and hardware as required from time to time. Fleet Information Systems Support Organisation Through KAZ Group Pty Ltd, ATSA provides project management services in support of the Collins Class LAN project. This project seeks to install a LAN capability in the Royal Australian Navy COLLINS Class submarine. The LAN will provide ship’s staff with faster and better communication with their families when at sea. ATSA supports management of all aspects of the installation project including liaison with the submarine design authority, ASC Limited.
CA033
The primary client is ATSA Defence Services. Within this business structure there are levels that accommodate internal and external functional purposes, where four main criteria need to be executed. These criteria include:
Minewarfare and Clearance Diving Faculty ATSA has worked cooperatively with HMAS WATERHEN’S Mine Warfare Faculty to develop the Double Eagle System Technical Course. This course is now operated twice per year and supports the training of Navy technicians embarked in the HUON Class Minehunter Coastal. The course offers hands-on experience with the Double Eagle system combined with theory delivered by ATSA’s instructors and supported by practical experience of Navy supervisors. ATSA works closely with the Mine Warfare Faculty to continually tailor and improve the course based on student feedback and the needs of the operational fleet. SAAB Underwater Systems (SUS) SUS has selected ATSA to be their long-term partner in the Australasia region for ROV support and has already demonstrated a high level of commitment to maximising the technology transfer process and achieving partnering synergies. ATSA provides quality systems engineering products for the SUS Double Eagle Mine Disposal System in addition to warranty assessment, technical investigation, design change development, end user training, defect rectification, onsite maintenance support, and test planning and conduct. Thales Thales provides a comprehensive support service for the operational HUON Class Minehunters. This support service is the most encompassing contract of its kind to be established for the support of RAN assets. ATSA supports Thales’s conduct of Minehunter support through providing planned and corrective maintenance; inventory and spares support; and obsolescence management for the Double Eagle Mk II Mine Disposal System. Thales Underwater Systems (TUS) ATSA supported TUS in the engineering development and trials for the integration the Acoustic Mine Imaging (AMI) sonar into the Double Eagle Mine Disposal Vehicle.
To properly asses a market analysis for the MSRRC both divisions of the building program, the Laboratory and Training Facility, shall be assessed individually. However considering both Laboratory and the Training Facility occupy a similar fields (involving work underwater) the sum of each within a central location and with the opportunity to share resources and facilities will increase viability of both and the siting of the site. A major driving factor for the viability of the project is the link to each provided by the Australian Department of Defence (ADD). While the ADD is currently one of ATSA’s major client, the Training Facility will also be a projected towards Navy training. With the HMAS Creswell also located within the National Park and land formerly cleared for naval purposes, links between the project and one of its major clients are formed.
03.3.1 Laboratory Market Definition Submarines are an instrument with both national and global use. While the client, ATSA, is currently a small to medium enterprise company operating predominantly within an Australian market, the technology is recognised internationally and is easily exported and manufactured internationally, under license. This allows the concept and development to be located within Australia while repetitive non-laboratory based manufacturing can be fully assembled or partially manufactured elsewhere. In addition, design may be modified to cater for specific uses rather than specific local environmental conditions. Some technology within the submarines may be affected by extremes in temperature however these issues are considered technical and do not affect market position or analysis. The client currently is a provider for the the Royal Australian Navy and therefore has access to security privileges. This limits commercial exploitation of certain commissioned projects developed specifically for projects under direct contract with the military.
Criteria for defining a market Demand Marine research - public organisations (EPA), education organisations such as universities, analysis of the effects of climatic change. Underwater maintenance - private commercial shipping, port maintenance, maintenance of underwater vehicles. Mine removal + underwater reconnoissance/salvage operations. Defence - current client relationship with Defence Force
CA035
03.3 Market Analysis
Supply Supply will depend largely on market needs. It is expected the client shall be developing technology that can be easily modified to suit a specific task. Therefore market opportunities lie in the variety of tasks the submarines can operate. Supply will therefore depend largely on the ease of modification of the submarines and the time taken to ensure each operates according to need. Supply can be increased with streamlined products however this will also reduce the market share considering that each client will require a typical vehicle to operate distinct functions. Considering most parts will be imported, supply will also be increased with manufacture of parts at a central location.
Share of Market Current market share is undefined due to the lack of technology of this type and cost on the market. While underwater unmanned submarine technology exists and is in use it is currently expensive, difficult to operate without a tethered connection to a base (ie. a boat) or accessible for non-defence/research use. Facility Location Considering the proposed laboratory functions as a research centre for a specific product with a very specific market. While the site is not located within a large CBD the site is suited to testing and research. The site adjoins a protected body of water with little maritime traffic and access to a variety of water depths. The site is located within 2.5 hours from Sydney and its major international airport. The site is also located 5 minutes from an Australian Navy air base and 30 minutes from the Nowra based airfield. These distances are considered reasonable considering the type of visit. Significantly also, the site is located near an established naval facility, which as noted previously in the client analysis, is a major client base. The navy provides indirect employment, resourcing skills and technology from a large number of consultants and professionals based in adjoining towns and rural areas. Market Feasibility Through a briefing with the client, a market has been identified for unmanned underwater vehicles. Industry experience to date has involved the development of individual vehicles for specific projects or tasks. This has meant that projects and organisations with large budgets can take advantage of the technology while others with smaller budgets have had access to either the technology or the means to resource it. Therefore while there are no current sales figures for technology of this kind, it is expected that with the exposure of the prototypes at accessible prices, both use and demand will be increased therefore pioneering a market.
03.3.2 Research Facility
The underwater research facility of this kind is not in existence within Australia. Experience is drawn from research developed by other nations with strong naval facilities - typically the Americans. Diving training within Australia is carried out in dangerous conditions and without adequate facilities. Essentially the market definition can be defined by a need by the Navy to train staff with skills in dealing with emergency procedures. As noted with the Laboratory, the Research Facility has no clear market due to a lack of existing precedent within Australia. The facilities will however provide far greater skills for naval staff and increase safety or treatment of injury.
Criteria for defining a market Demand must be divided into two parts; the hyperbaric chamber and the tank. Demand Currently there are few facilities for dealing with decompression outside major capitals such as Sydney and these centres are not easily accessible to the public as they are within Navy use. There is currently no current demand for deepwater tank facility as there are no comparable facilities within Australia. Comparable facilities exist in the US and Canada, however access to them is limited to the relationship and stewardship of the American defence force. Supply Currently the supply of the hyperbaric chambers is limited to a few sites the majors capitals with limited public access. The closest public hyperbaric chamber to Jervis Bay is located on Sydney Harbour.
Facility Location The site is well positioned for both Navy training and public use with proximity to H.M.A.S Creswell and one of the most popular diving locations on Australia’s south coast. The positioning of the hyperbaric chamber medical component within the locality is a crucial resource in the diving community. Should a scuba diver experience the side effects of nitrogen narcosis, they should be admitted to a hyperbaric chamber. On route to the chamber, the victim cannot exceed 300m in elevation on land between the scene and the facility. This in limits the mode of travel in most cases to a low sea level flight between locations.
CA037
Market Definition
BR039
04 brief analysis
04.1 MRRSC Brief The Mini Submarine Research and Reconnaissance Centre will be divided into five major sequences within the building, demonstrated as individual areas. »» Laboratories & Workshop – Area for maintenance, research and development of the roving underwater vehicles. »» Submarine Evacuation Training Facility – A facility for training submariners how to evacuate a submarine from ‘depth’ »» Hyperbaric Chamber – Primarily used by the training submariners in the event of nitrogen narcosis in the training process. »» Accommodation – Twin share onsite accommodation for submariner training groups of up to 16 people. »» Exhibition/Showroom – The exhibition hall performs as a space for public exhibit and potential buyers of roving underwater vehicles. This space should exhibit not only a product, but to also make reference to the function of the building and its position on within the site. These areas are illustrated in image 01. The functions of these areas are significantly diverse, though their connections strong. It is important that these areas are brought together in a cohesive architectural language. Crucial elements ought to be expressed where appropriate. image 01 – Functional relationship diagram
training + simulation
accomodation
entry
laboratory + workshop
exhibition
tanks
04.2 Preliminary Function Analysis image 02 – Primary function analysis: training facility
tanks
hyperbaric chamber
BR041
wet area transition
staff access + control point
simulation & demonstration
laboratory + workshop
training rooms
trainees
conference + lecture
reception
office
image 03 – Primary function analysis: administration + office
staff access + control point
laboratory + workshop
office
entry
archive
conference
staff room
staff toilets
image 04 – Primary function analysis: laboratory + workshop
ocean
tanks
workshop
dock
staff access laboratory + control point
training centre
entry
trainees
office
staff
delivery + dispatch
image 05 – primary function analysis: exhibition space
tanks
conference /lecture /cinema
flexible exhibition space
entry
visitors/ public
toilets
image 06 – Primary function analysis: accomodation
security point
accomodation
ammenities
dining/ kitchen
private outdoor space
entry
recreation
trainees
BR043
visual link
04.3 Performance Specification The performance specification describes the characteristics of the areas in the Mini Submarine Research and Reconnaissance Centre. Each area will be described in terms of not only its characteristics, but also the user group of each space and the approximate area. figure 09: Exhibition Accomodation Schedule Area
Accompanying the administration
Function
Entry foyer, reception, exhibition space for ROVs
User Groups
General Public and ATSA Clients
Total Area
815 (m2)
figure 10: Laboratory Accomodation Schedule Area
accompanying workshop, exhibition and administration
Function
2 x workbenches for electrical engineers, 3 x workbenches for apprentices, storage for electrical equipment, instruments and parts
User Groups
ATSA Staff
Total Area
130 (m2)
figure 12: Workshop Accomodation Schedule Area
accompanying laboratory and administration
Function
6 x work benches for large ROVs, Goods received storeroom, Submersion testing tank 20L x 10W x 5H, Storage for up to 20 ROVs, Technical and Mechanical Servicing Equipment, Storage for ROVs awaiting service, Plant
User Groups
ATSA Staff
Total Area
420 (m2)
figure 13: Staff Administration Accomodation Schedule Area
Accompanying laboratory and workshop, training facility, exhibition and accommodation
Function
2 x Directors spaces, 10 desk modules, Engineers, Procurement and Goods received, Accounts, Workshop manager, 2 x hot desks, Archive room - Password accessible, Kitchen, Amenities, Meeting room 20 staff
User Groups
ATSA Staff
Total Area
220 (m2)
Area
Accompanying the hyperbaric chamber
Function
Conference room, Simulation and demonstration space, Small lecture theatre for up to 20, Diver Preparation Space, Submarine Evacuation Training Tank 6ø x 50m, Drying Area
User Groups
Navy Diver and Submariner Trainees
Total Area
495 (m2)
figure 15: Hyperbaric Chamber Medical Facility Accomodation Schedule Area
Accompanying training facility and accommodation
Function
Nurses station, 3 x long term individual chambers, 3 x short term individual chambers, Re-compression equipment, Dispensary, Amenities
User Groups
Navy Diver and Submariner Trainees , Medical Staff, Divers from the general public
Total Area
170 (m2)
figure 16: Accommodation, Accomodation Schedule Area
Accompanying training facility and hyperbaric chamber
Function
Dormitory style for 16 people, Male and female bathrooms, Kitchen and dining, Recreation area, Outdoor Space
User Groups
Navy Diver and Submariner Trainees, Administration Staff
Total Area
300 (m2)
BR045
figure 14: Submarine Evacuation Training Facility Accomodation Schedule
SA047
05 site analysis
05.1 Site Selection image 09 – Jervis Bay
SA049
image 07 – Location within Australia
150°45’12”E 35°07’34”S
image 08 – Location within New South Wales
pr in ce s
hi gh w ay
1
2 jervis bay territory
3
05.1.1 Site Option 1 - “The Creek”, Woollamai Site Location + Description The Creek, Woollamai, Jervis Bay
Physical Location Adjacent to the southern side of the public carpark and wharf, facing the creek
Site Area Approximately 13,160 m2
Existing Use Currently the shore edge of the site is used for mooring small boats. Approximately one quarter of the site is covered in wetland.
Opportunities »» Site is oriented north »» Good vehicular site access »» Proximity to the engineering and manufacturing industry »» Water frontage allows for interaction of the building function with the water’s edge
Constraints »» Surrounding wetland is a sensitive eco-environment »» Tidal creek line has varying water visibility for the testing of the under water vehicles »» Ground floor of the building will have to elevated due to flood levels of the creek »» Limited access to views from the site »» Proximity to residential area
SA051
1
image 10 – Site 01: The Creek, Woollamai
image 11 – Boundary, site 01
image 12 – Figure Ground Plan, site 01
image 13 – Climatic Site Analysis, site 01
image 14 – Existing Use Diagram, site 01 residential
public wharf
residential
public amenity
05.1.2 Site Option 2 - H.M.A.S CRESWELL Site Location + Description H.M.A.S Creswell, Jervis Bay
Physical Location Eastern edge of the naval base and directly south of the wharf entrance
Site Area Approximately 11,800 m2
Existing Use The site is currently owned and used by the navy
Opportunities »» Site is oriented northeast »» Excellent views from the site and high visibility from the water »» Proximity to the engineering and manufacturing industry »» Water frontage allows for interaction of the building function with the water’s edge
Constraints »» Private access to site makes public access problematic »» Immediate availabilty of site »» The private ownership of the building would be in question with its adjacency
SA053
2
image 16 – Site 02: H.M.A.S Creswell image 17 – Boundary, site 02
image 18 – Figure Ground Plan, site 02
image 19 – Climatic Site Analysis, site 02
image 20 – Existing Use Diagram, site 02
05.1.3 Site Option 3 - Murrays Beach Site Location + Description Murrays Beach, Jervis Bay
Physical Location Southern peninsula of Jervis Bay, set back from the coast in excavated site
Site Area Approximately 9,200 m2
Existing Use The site is currently owned by Booderee National Park
Opportunities »» Site is oriented north »» Excellent views from the site and high visibility from the water »» Excellent opportunity to reinstate the ecology on a excavated site »» Proximity to the water allows for interaction of the building function with the water’s edge
Constraints »» Heavily vegetated area »» National Park and part of an Australian Territory »» Singular road access
SA055
3
image 21 – Site 03: Murrays Beach image 22 – Boundary, site 03
image 23 – Figure Ground Plan, site 03
image 24 – Climatic Site Analysis, site 03
image 25 – Existing Use Diagram, site 03
05.1.4 Site Selction Matrix The following selection matrix outlines the key project success factors and their suitability and appropriateness to each of the three sties. figure 17:  Site Selection Matrix Key Project Success Factors
Value Multiplier
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
The Creek,Woollamai
H.M.A.S Creswell
Murray’s Beach
Proximity to water
10
6
60
8
80
9
90
Complimentary climatic & physical characteristics
9
6
54
8
72
8
72
Reconfiguration of site masterplan
9
7
63
2
18
9
81
Public access
8
8
64
0
0
7
56
Visual impact
7
5
35
7
49
8
56
Secure site access
7
8
56
10
70
7
49
Availability of site within 10yrs
6
8
48
4
24
7
42
Views from site
6
6
36
9
54
8
48
Site area appropriate to brief
5
5
25
6
30
8
40
Proximity to related facilities
4
8
32
9
36
7
28
Parking options (small & large vehicles)
3
8
24
9
27
9
27
Total
Ratings: 0 = Unsuitable / 10 = Ideal
497
460
589
05.1.5 Site Selection Summary The three sites outlined in figure 17 were selected and analysed based on their characteristics and the requirements of the project brief. Each site was assessed based on its current use, context and climatic orientation and natural environment. Once these characteristics were determined a set of key project success factors were established to test each proposed site. The selection of the site is based on the largest overall weighting across the selection criteria. The key project success factors that have been identified include: »» Proximity to water. The site must be adjacent to a sheltered body of water for the testing of the underwater roving vehicles.
»» Interaction with climatic characteristics. The site must provide for a building that can be oriented and planned to respond to the prevailing climatic shifts across the site. Therefore, from the results in figure 17, it can be concluded that site 03: Murrays Beach will be the most appropriate location to meet the requirements of the Mini Submarine Research and Reconnaissance Centre.
SA057
»» Visual Impact along coastal edge. The function of the building is partially industrial and aesthetically is is desirable to not make a large visual impact.
05.2 Detailed Site Analysis The site at Murray’s Beach has previously been cut and cleared for 2 large scale proposals, one in the 1950s and then another in the 1980s, neither of which came to fruition. The Murrays Beach site remains cleared and extends over 5 hectares including a swamp, leaving 2.4 hectares of open site be regenerated in through a masterplan. The following section analyses the site in terms of of vegetation, water, views and function. image 26 – Macro View Shed Analysis site building 5-10m visiable building 10m-20m visiable building 10m-20m from elevated points, with high exposure with vision magnification
15km
10km
05km
01km
SA059
building 10m-20m from elevated points, with high exposure
image 27 – Contours + water collection
image 28 – Links + function
SA061 image 29 – Site vegetation
image 30 – Onsite views
image 31 – View through vegetation to wharf
image 32 – Panoramic view from coastal edge looking west to north
image 33 – Panoramic view from entry road looking across swamp
image 34 – Soil condition and swamp grasses
SA063
image 35 – Panoramic looking south from the site
PA065
06 precedent analysis
06.1 Precendent Analysis Precedent: A historical event or action that is considered as an example or guide in subsequent similar circumstances
06.1.1 Key Architectural Issues »» integration of circulation »» natural environment »» construction »» internal climate »» acoustic separation
06.1.2 Building Typology The typology associated with research laboratories and workshops is a collaboration of buildings including laboratories, industrial buildings and in terms of construction: aquariums. In this case, it is important to look towards historical events which have established the institution for this building type.
PA067
This precedent study was significantly difficult to find exemplars in similar building typologies. Key architectural issues were established and sources in industrial and research precedents. This methodology restricted the issues that could be identified in any one example. The precedents selected address the following key architectural issues.
06.2 BMW Plant- Central Building location:
liepzig, germany
date:
2005
architect:
zaha hadid
client:
BMW
size:
25 000 m2
06.2.1 Key Architectural Issues
PA069
The BMW plant central building has been selected based on its ability to intergrate automated technical sophistication with the manual labour of humans. The production line is on display at any point due to exposed suspended circulation tracks. The complexity of the system is resolved through a network of circulation tracks visible to the entire plant and which at strategic moments, is accessible to be worked on by technicians.
06.3 Ferrari Wind Tunnel location:
Maranello
date:
1996
architect:
renzo piano
client:
ferrari/dioguardi
size:
2500 m2
06.3.1 Key Architectural Issues The ferrari wind tunnel is a facility that revolves around a specifically technical function. Renzo Piano has outrightly expressed the nature of the building throughout its elemental form, and in plan and section.
Key architectural issues that which have influenced the design of the facility are its acoustic separation on and off site and the exemplification of the building’s function. The industrial and residential areas are in close proximity. Therefore, acoustically, the wind tunnel is retained within the site’s terrain which acts as an deadening foundation. The use of the landscape has allowed the function of the building to be exposed. The building’s function is not only a mechanism. It is outwardly honest in revealing its function as an element.
PA071
There are three elements which are obvious in this scheme; the wind tunnel, production plant and the terrain. There is a strong relationship between these elements, while being connected, the landscape envelopes the building and grounds the two weightless elements above.
Grounded relationship to the landscape
1 2
3
Elements extruded in plan
The uninterrupted landscape on the site allows for only one vehicular access point. Utilising the gradient of the landscape, a hierarchy of entrances are established. The processional entrance arrives on the higher ground and the services retreat underground.
Function expressed as an element which honestly celebrates the building as a machine. The visually dominant form makes no mistake of the experimental nature of the buildings use.
View of the machine
A combination of fill and retaining walls allow the building to crouch in and on the landscape which subsequently accentuates the wind tunnel’s form.
Landscape
Industrial
key site issues
Residential Residential
PA073
Entry
06.4 Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy location:
Clayton, Victoria
date:
2008
architect:
Architectus Melbourne
client:
Monash University
cost:
$37mil
06.4.1 Key Architectural Issues The building design offers innovative solutions in precision laboratory conditions and requirements for highly sensitive equipment. The building has highly sensitive climate control services with a temperature variation of less than 0.1째C pernonsequipit.
PA075
The structure of MCEM is a deliberately luminous and lightweight. Materials such as timber and glass have been used in this building which demonstrate a move forward in labaratory design. The inhabitants have been considered in their access to natural light and the opportunities for the spaces that can be achieve this.
Site Location
Circulation
Ground Floor Plan
Section
Visibility
Wall Section - Separation of Elements
PA077
07 manifesto The architecture I personally believe in is one that enriches quality of human life. Through architecture I have developed an practical ethos which looks at attitudes to my own impact, communally and personally, communally and environmentally. The architecture that inspires me is one that incorporates practicality with its narrative, surpassing the boundaries of fundamentals. The exploration of a theoretical ideas inspire my design process. Acute spatial awareness in any building enhances emotion and perception. This can either positively or negatively impact a user, but the point is that one is then engaging and interacting with that space in a cognitive way. The architecture that holds my attention in particular at this stage, is that of Morphosis and EMBT. I am inspired by the way Morphosis express and communicate an idea through a highly technical scheme. The elemental graphic nature of their work inspires my own design and communication aesthetic. I am also inspired by EMBT’s work in the explicit engagement with immediate and adjacent spaces, while there is honesty and innovation in the use of materials in the architecture. Lastly, the direct motivation in my architecture begins differently with each project. Personal reflection, based on an emotion is typically the inception of an idea or theory for my design process. Architecture is calculated, quantified, felt and expressed through my personal motivations.
CD081
08 conceptual design
bring the site into building in layers
crane axis
incision in littoral edge
an object celebrated
two objects supporting
combine
axis
08.1 Concept Conceptual design was a theoretical framework that evolved from the influence of the client, brief and the site. The conceptual design submission was not heavily influenced by the precedents anaylsed as the building is unique in function and precedent. The theoretical framework was a crucial tool in understanding of the project’s direction. The themes and ideas that influenced the conceptual design came from the following; »» site analysis and the history of the site »» acknowledging the impact of development on the site »» progression and itinerary of the site and the building »» establishing the narrative of the building clear through its function across two axes of the crane and the water tank
The object officiated in the function of the building is the tank. It is a moment in the program where the research can be celebrated by being submerged. The tank’s internal space can be observed from below as one would in an aquarium. From this vantage point the vessel physically protects the submerged object. However from above, the water surface and object’s performance can be manipulated mechanically and electronically. This establishes the progressive yet submissive relationship between the tank and the crane.
08.1.2 the crane The element which controls the function of the building is the crane. It is the binding element in the building’s program through its linkage. Conceptually it informs the framework that provides a relationship between masterplan and building.
CD083
08.1.1 the tank
figure 18: Photos of incision points - Murrays Beach
figure 19: Conceptual masterplan
incision point ta n k / c ra n e a x
ra
inc
incision point
isi
on
a
mp
/e
xe
cu
is
incision point
boundary tio
n
xis
m ir e a xi
s
incision point boundary
swamp
08.2 Summary + Feedback The conceptual design submission required the presentation of the scheme within individual tutorial groups, included drawings and a verbal presentation. Feedback included: »» Very clear and precise logical presentation »» Framework is well connected to the site »» Program was not as well expressed in the site analysis »» The process could have been more embedded in the concept »» The notion of the tank and the crane are good ideas
CD085
»» Good ability to talk about the architecture but it wasn’t as clearly demonstrated in the drawings
SD087
09 schematic design
09.1 Schematic Design At the the stage of schematic design, the project has addressed the relative themes of the testing tank and the crane. The design has aimed to illustrate the relationship between the two elements. It is the diagram of this relationship which motivates this this stage of the design. The surrounding context is the external contributer to the scheme which draws on its natural composition in its postion in the environment.
behind the wall...
disguise the building on approach
theatre
simulation training trainee area
reception
meeting room
vehicle storage
laboratory
staff room
general office
diver preparation area
waiting room
control room
office
archive
submersion tank
vis lab
public viewing gallery
first floor plan
dock vehicle storage
SD089
workshop
submersion tank
technical exhibition
entry/foyer
cafe
ground floor plan
boardwalk
swamp
figure 20:  Photo of schematic models
09.2 summary + feedback The phase submitted was a schematic design which began to translate the theoretical framework proposed in the concept. This was an opportunity to organise the pragmatics of the scheme around the framework of conceptual axes. The resolution of the ideas were not fully expressed in the schematic design submission. The direction of these elements could have been further explored and resolved. documentation of locality and site conditions »» good comprehension of locality & site, sound knowledge of key site & context issues, sound documentation documentation of architectural site strategy »» sound understanding of whole project on site, sound site strategy documentation schematic design related to site conditions: context, climate and topography
SD091
»» design responsive to urban/other context, competent response to climate conditions and a good understanding of topography evident in site strategy
DD093
10 developed design
10.1 Developed Design Developed design was a major re-think of schematic design. The scheme had yet to be resolved and the theory of the building was not yet evident. Developed Design was a submission where the focus was on the function of the space and its quality and the resolution of the planning. The overall masterplan of the site began to inform the building’s usage of water and materials. The intent of the building was to create a heightened sense of space through the two functions of the building. From this came the notion of the building as a measurement of time and space. These ideas were translated into an architectural language and then presented to Michael Ostwald and Lindsay Johnson in a powerpoint presentation accompanied by models and drawings. The presentation included the following drawings, images and model. figure 21:  Elevation north - developed design
figure 22:  Section - laboratory/tank/exhibition developed deesign
figure 23:  Ground floor plan - developed design
DD095
figure 24:  Perspective looking up through diving tank
figure 25:  Photos of developed design 1:100 sectional model
10.2 summary + feedback Overall, the developed design submission was to demonstrate the character and complexity of the program by attempting to experiene the building in the presentation. The planning of the two primary functions was focused on to further understand and communicate their complexities. The site was largely considered and how it may influence the construction. The system was to use cut fill from site to form the emerging form of the building and is further developed in the technical resolution stage. Feedback included: »» High level of critical analysis and creative response to schematic design critique. »» Excellent site strategy and integration with the context. »» Response to brief and key issues was highly creative »» Excellent planning »» Spatial qualities were appropriate to the program and human needs »» Techtonics and compliance was excellent in most reepects and informs the developed design »» Formal issues of character, hierachy, composition, sybolism and address were highly creative, critcal and appropriate to the program, site and its type »» Graphics had excellent clarity, accuracy and visual composition »» Resolve the crane detailing and incorporate voltaic cells on the northern facing roofs
DD097
»» Excellent and stimulating verbal presentation and defence
SD099
11 technical resolution
L K J H G F DE
04
S/03
E.04
S.03
C B A 4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
RAMP 1:8
GRAVEL RL 2.5
P.02
S.03
3
pathway
GF01
S/03
1 2
15
FW
G STEEL TRACKS COL
1:1000
DOOR LAYOUT 5,150
LOCATION PLAN
4,000
COLUMN LAYOUT WALKWAY
50
950
3,000
850
3,050
2,000
100
2,050 COL
2,0
TANK STRUCTURE LAYOUT
F
COL
courtyard PAVED RL 2.5
1,840 100
4,062
DR
D-01
0916
3024
D-02 0521
W-02
COL
entry foyer PC RL 2.5
1,740
LINE OF ROOF OVER
50 585 585 585 50
3612
W-03 3618
W-04
50 585 585 585 50
W-05
1,740
W-06
50 585 585 585 50
3618
W-07
3618
3618
3618
ABOVE VP01
1,750
W-08
1220
3618
FW
1,060 585 585
1,800 1,800 14,283
2,275
5,349
1,800
1,800
C
1,800
1,800
8,249 04 E.04
W-01
FHR
1,950
1,450
D
COL
COL
COL DP
770
E
COL
W-09 3609
CURVE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE W
4,083
4,083
B
hatch
1 2 3 4
WALLS
dimensions
description VARIES BETWEEN FORMWORK
5 300
LOUVRES
type
WINDOWS
A
wall legend REINFORCED FORMED CONCRETE WALL. AGGREGATE FROM 50m DEEP SITE EXCAVATION -50-40m, USE IN 0-2m, -40-30m, USE IN 2-4m, -30-20m, USE IN 4-6m, -20-10m, USE IN 6-8m, -10-0m, USE IN 8-10m 5mm 3 LAYER MEMBRANE 300mm CONCRETE BLOCKWORK WALL STEEL FRAMED
VIEWPORTS 4,000
10 50 100
6 90 12
10mm PERFORATED SCREEN WITH EXPRESSED JOINTS 50mm SECONDARY STEEL FRAME 100mm PRIMARY STEEL FRAME 12mm PLYWOOD LINING - AB GRADE
4,000
6mm SMART FIX METAL PANEL, JOINTS EXPRESSED & RIVETED 100mm STEEL STUD WALL 12mm PLASTERBOARD
1
2
GF01 GROUND FLOOR PLAN
P.02
MINI SUBMARINE RESEARCH &
RECONNAISSANCE CENTRE JERVIS BAY ROAD, MURRAYS BEACH, ACT 2540
legend AW BAL CC COL DP DR FG
!- acrylic window !- balustrade !- concrete pavers !- column !- downpipe circular !- drain !- fixed glass
FW ML MWS-1 MWS-2 P PC PH
!- floor waste !- metal louvres !- metal wall sheeting type 1 !- metal wall sheeting type 2 !- paint !- polished concrete !- port hole
RC SD SS TRH VP WC
8,000
!- reinforced concrete !- soap dispenser !- stainless steel !- toilet roll holder !- view port skylight !- toilet
PH-01 2137
W
COL 7,155
1,600
10,400
1,600
8,245
1,400
COL
COL
300
2,000 3,700
4,000 300
3,550
testing tank
300
2,000 3,850
2,000 300
2,000 3,550
4,000
300
3,550
PH-02
COL
COL
RL 2.5
COL
3,700
PC RL 2.5
0518
COL
DP FW
COL
1,050 COL
1,400
1,550
2,000
300
FW
S.03 COL
COL
COL
COL
COL
COL
COL
D-04
D-05
D-06
D-07
D-08
0518
0518
0518
0518
0518
DP
COL
DP
COL
DP
COL
DP
COL
COL
RL 2.5
circulation corridor D-03
2,000
COL
public observation
WALL CONNECTION TO ENGINE ROOM AND TESTING TANK WATER RUN OFF, REFER TO DRAWING D.04 FOR DETAILS
S/03 FW
COL
COL
300
2,000
2135
COL
public observation
VOID TO BELOW REFER TO MECHANICAL AND HYDRAULIC DRAWINGS FOR DETAILS
2,000
PH-03
2135
RL 0.1 - 5m DEEP
COL
COL
2,000
100 1,975
2,000
COL
COL 1,475
000
DP
COL
COL D-11
COL
COL
2414 D-09
D-10
0518
0518
COL
DP
COL
DP
CURVE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL FW
reception
MECHANICAL AND HYDRAULIC DUCT. REFER TO MECHANICAL AND HYDRAULIC DRAWINGS FOR DETAIL
REFER TO RECEPTION JOINERY DETAIL D.17
0
30
1,
2,835
4,635
PC RL 2.5
0
70
4,000
exhibition + showroom PC RL 2.5
ABOVE VP02
ABOVE VP03
1220
ABOVE VP04
1220
ABOVE VP05
ABOVE VP06
1220
1220
FW
ABOVE VP07
1220
ABOVE VP08
1220
FW
ABOVE VP09 1220
1220
FW
FW
TR0101
WALL
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
S/03 8,000
3
S.03
8,000
8,000
4
8,000
5
6
7
1:100
THIS DRAWING AND DESIGN REMAINS THE COPYRIGHT OF THE ARCHITECT ©. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS UNLESS OTHERWISE SHOWN. WORK TO GIVEN DIMENSIONS. DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING. CHECK ALL DIMENSIONS ON SITE P R I O R T O C O N S T R U C T I O N . B R I N G A N Y D I S C R E PA N C I E S T O T H E AT T E N T I O N O F T H E P R O P R I E T O R . B U I L D E R T O A L L O W F O R A P P R O P R I AT E M E A N S O F E X PA N S I O N A N D C O N T R A C T I O N M AT E R I A L S , S T R U C T U R E A N D S U B - S T R U C T U R E I N A C C O R D A N C E WITH AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS AND PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS R E C O M M E N D AT I O N S . B U I L D E R T O E N S U R E T H AT D I S S I M I L A R M E TA L S D O N O T C O M E I N C O N TA C T I N A C C O R D A N C E W I T H A U S T R A L I A N S TA N D A R D S A N D C S I R O ' S N O T E S O N T H E S C I E N C E O F B U I L D I N G . A L S O R E F E R T O LY S A G H T S R E F E R E E O R E Q U I VA L E N T.
for construction
narcosis
drawing name: G R O U N D F L O O R P L A N ! mission #: 0 0 0 2 scales: 1:1000, 1:100 drawn by: phase: cc 0
1
mk
d r a w i n g # : P. 0 2 reconnaisance #: B
! 5
10m
09 aquaway n e w c a s t l e e a s t , n s w, 2 3 0 0 p:4929 9999 f: 4929 9988 mail@narcosis.net.au w w w. n a rc o s i s . n e t . a u
L K J H G F DE
04
S/03
E.04
S.03
C B A GF01
S/03
P.02
S.03
1 2
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LOCATION PLAN
J
1:1000
H
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2,150
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5,150
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4,060
1,450
RC
W FG W-03 3618
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-2
W-02 3612
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-2
MWS-2
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-2
MWS-2
MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
FG
PH-01 2137
W-01 MWS-1
MWS-1
MWS-1
BEYOND
0916
FG
DP
RAMP
04 PART WEST ELEVATION
E.04
MINI SUBMARINE RESEARCH &
RECONNAISSANCE CENTRE JERVIS BAY ROAD, MURRAYS BEACH, ACT 2540
legend AW BAL CC COL DP DR FG
!- acrylic window !- balustrade !- concrete pavers !- column !- downpipe circular !- drain !- fixed glass
FW ML MWS-1 MWS-2 P PC PH
!- floor waste !- metal louvres !- metal wall sheeting type 1 !- metal wall sheeting type 2 !- paint !- polished concrete !- port hole
RC SD SS TRH VP WC
!- reinforced concrete !- soap dispenser !- stainless steel !- toilet roll holder !- view port skylight !- toilet
FG
RC
ML
1
C
A
5,350
4,080 TOPSIDE ROOF LEVEL RL +10,935 UNDERSIDE ROOF LEVEL RL+10,490
RC
W-05a
W-04a FG
2118
FG
3118
W-07a
W-06a FG
4118
FG
4118
W-08a FG
W-09a FG
3518
W-04
W-05
W-06
W-07
W-08
W-09
3618
3618
3618
3618
3618
3618
1718
390
4,395
RC
W-03a
RC
PARAPET OF TESTING TANK RL +6,540
W-10
3,650
3609
FG
FG
FG
RC ML
FG
ML
ML
FG
FG
GROUND FLOOR RL +2,500
TR0103
FG
2,400
1118
B
8,250
ENGINE ROOM +100
1:50
THIS DRAWING AND DESIGN REMAINS THE COPYRIGHT OF THE ARCHITECT ©. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS UNLESS OTHERWISE SHOWN. WORK TO GIVEN DIMENSIONS. DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING. CHECK ALL DIMENSIONS ON SITE P R I O R T O C O N S T R U C T I O N . B R I N G A N Y D I S C R E PA N C I E S T O T H E AT T E N T I O N O F T H E P R O P R I E T O R . B U I L D E R T O A L L O W F O R A P P R O P R I AT E M E A N S O F E X PA N S I O N A N D C O N T R A C T I O N M AT E R I A L S , S T R U C T U R E A N D S U B - S T R U C T U R E I N A C C O R D A N C E WITH AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS AND PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS R E C O M M E N D AT I O N S . B U I L D E R T O E N S U R E T H AT D I S S I M I L A R M E TA L S D O N O T C O M E I N C O N TA C T I N A C C O R D A N C E W I T H A U S T R A L I A N S TA N D A R D S A N D C S I R O ' S N O T E S O N T H E S C I E N C E O F B U I L D I N G . A L S O R E F E R T O LY S A G H T S R E F E R E E O R E Q U I VA L E N T.
for construction drawing name: W E S T E L E VAT I O N scales: 1:50, 1:1000 drawn by: phase: cc 0
mk
1
narcosis ! mission #: 0 0 0 2 drawing #: E.04 reconnaisance #: B
! 2
5m
09 aquaway n e w c a s t l e e a s t , n s w, 2 3 0 0 p:4929 9999 f: 4929 9988 mail@narcosis.net.au w w w. n a rc o s i s . n e t . a u
TOPSIDE ROOF LEVEL RL+10,935
UNDER SIDE ROOF LEVEL RL+10,490
D02 D.05
8,435
D01 D.05
786 393
BAL LED STRIP LIGHT RECESSED INTO STUD WALL
1:40 NOM TO SUMP
FW
FW
2,400
GROUND FLOOR RL+2,500
S/03 section/short - exhibition
S.03
MINI SUBMARINE RESEARCH &
RECONNAISSANCE CENTRE JERVIS BAY ROAD, MURRAYS BEACH, ACT 2540
legend AW BAL CC COL DP DR FG
!- acrylic window !- balustrade !- concrete pavers !- column !- downpipe circular !- drain !- fixed glass
FW ML MWS-1 MWS-2 P PC PH
!- floor waste !- metal louvres !- metal wall sheeting type 1 !- metal wall sheeting type 2 !- paint !- polished concrete !- port hole
RC SD SS TRH VP WC
!- reinforced concrete !- soap dispenser !- stainless steel !- toilet roll holder !- view port skylight !- toilet
E
D
C
B
A
TOPSIDE ROOF LEVEL RL+10,935
UNDER SIDE ROOF LEVEL RL+10,490
D03 D.05
D03 D.05
D01
D02 D.05
8,435
D.05
786 393
D05 D.05
BAL LED STRIP LIGHT RECESSED INTO STUD WALL
1:40 NOM TO SUMP
FW
FW
2,400
GROUND FLOOR RL+2,500
LOCATION SECTION
1:200
D05
TR0105
D.05
1:20 THIS DRAWING AND DESIGN REMAINS THE COPYRIGHT OF THE ARCHITECT ©. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS UNLESS OTHERWISE SHOWN. WORK TO GIVEN DIMENSIONS. DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING. CHECK ALL DIMENSIONS ON SITE P R I O R T O C O N S T R U C T I O N . B R I N G A N Y D I S C R E PA N C I E S T O T H E AT T E N T I O N O F T H E P R O P R I E T O R . B U I L D E R T O A L L O W F O R A P P R O P R I AT E M E A N S O F E X PA N S I O N A N D C O N T R A C T I O N M AT E R I A L S , S T R U C T U R E A N D S U B - S T R U C T U R E I N A C C O R D A N C E WITH AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS AND PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS R E C O M M E N D AT I O N S . B U I L D E R T O E N S U R E T H AT D I S S I M I L A R M E TA L S D O N O T C O M E I N C O N TA C T I N A C C O R D A N C E W I T H A U S T R A L I A N S TA N D A R D S A N D C S I R O ' S N O T E S O N T H E S C I E N C E O F B U I L D I N G . A L S O R E F E R T O LY S A G H T S R E F E R E E O R E Q U I VA L E N T.
for construction
narcosis
drawing name: SECTION 03 scales: 1:20, 1:200 drawn by: phase: cc 0
mk
! mission #: 0 0 0 2 drawing #: S.03 reconnaisance #: B
! 1
2m
09 aquaway n e w c a s t l e e a s t , n s w, 2 3 0 0 p:4929 9999 f: 4929 9988 mail@narcosis.net.au w w w. n a rc o s i s . n e t . a u
12 14 19 20 21 22 23 24
HIGH POINT OF GUTTER 1:40 FALL NOM
30°
D01 Typical Wall Flashing Detail
1:10
60 0
RL +4,600
45°
0 20 1,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
D03 Typical Upper Viewport Detail
1:10
E
1 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
D
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
75 30°
30° 785
395
145
35°
D02 Typical Gutter Detail Section
D.05
MINI SUBMARINE RESEARCH &
RECONNAISSANCE CENTRE JERVIS BAY ROAD, MURRAYS BEACH, ACT 2540
1:10
legend AW BAL CC COL DP DR FG
!- acrylic window !- balustrade !- concrete pavers !- column !- downpipe circular !- drain !- fixed glass
FW ML MWS-1 MWS-2 P PC PH
!- floor waste !- metal louvres !- metal wall sheeting type 1 !- metal wall sheeting type 2 !- paint !- polished concrete !- port hole
RC SD SS TRH VP WC
!- reinforced concrete !- soap dispenser !- stainless steel !- toilet roll holder !- view port skylight !- toilet
1.2mm STAINLESS STEEL FLASHING TO PARAPET
45/45mm WELDED STAINLESS STEEL ANGLE FIXED TO RHS STEEL TOP PLATE
00
2,0
2000/1000mm PERFORATED ALUMINIUM SCREEN - 50% TRANSPARENCY. REFER TO DETAIL D12
30 1,2 0 0 1,2
3 LAYERS OF 12mm MARINE GRADE PLYWOOD SUPPORT FOR ROLLED STEEL GUTTER 200/150mm NOM STEEL BEAM BOLT FIXED TO 100/150mm RHS TOP PLATE BEAM. REFER TO ENGINEER'S SPECIFICATION
22 23 14 25 26
0
15
100/100mm SHS STEEL COLUMN. REFER TO ENGINEER'S SPECIFICATION
50/50mm FRAMED TIMBER BATTENS FIXED TO UNDERSIDE OF BEAM SUPPORT 12mm PLYWOOD LINING
12mm NON-STRUCTURAL PLYWOOD LINING SCORED AND BENT. FIXED TO TIMBER FRAMING
TIMBER FRAME FIXED TO SHS COLUMN TO SUPPORT 12mm PLYWOOD LINING 100mm ø PVC DOWN PIPE FROM 140mm ø SUMP. BOTH FIXED TO 90/90mm SHS COLUMN. REFER TO ENGINEER'S SPECIFICATION 50mm CLOSED CELL EXTRUDED INSULATION LAYERED OVER WATERPROOF MEMBRANE
D04 Typical Upper Viewport Profile
1:20
6mm PROTECTION BOARD. WET SLAB OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ABOVE
3 LAYER 'GRIPSET RD' MEMBRANE 3 x 1.2mm THICK WITH MINIMUM 150mm RETURN
BLOCK OUT WEEP HOLE IN WET SLAB OF REINFORCED CONCRETE REINFORCED FORMED CONCRETE WALL. USE AGGREGATE FROM 50m DEEP SITE EXCAVATION FILL FROM !-50-40m, USE IN 0-2m, -40-30m, USE IN 2-4m, -30-20m, USE IN 4-6m -20-10m, USE IN 6-8m, -10-0m, USE IN 8-10m 25mm RECESS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE FORMED DURING POUR CANTILEVERED STEEL OUTRIGGER, NOM 30˚ TOPSIDE, 35˚ UNDERSIDE, FIXED TO RHS BEAM @ 900 CENTRES. REFER TO ENGINEER'S SPECIFICATION
A
29 27
RIO TIE BACK WELDED TO PLATE STEEL WINDOW BOX FRAME, CAST IN FORMED CONCRETE SLAB
50/50mm BOXED OUT SHADOW LINE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE
HEBEL BLOCK CUT ONSITE FOR MEMBRANE OUTLET BASE
10mm SHEET GLASS COUNTERSUNK, BOLT FIXED TO STEEL TABS AND SILICONE SEAL TO PLATE STEEL BOX
RIVER PEBBLES
13 14 28 16
1200/2000/600mm WELDED PLATE GALVANISED STEEL BOX PAINT FINISH. REFER TO EXTERNAL FINISHES SCHEDULE SAND
45˚ ANGLE RECESSED INTO REINFORCED CONCRETE DRY SLAB. FORMED DURING POUR 45˚ DRIP LINE FORMED INTO REINFORCED CONCRETE, WET SLAB 25/25/3mm PRE-DRILLED NATURAL FINISH STEEL TABS WELDED TO GALVANISED PLATE STEEL BOX. RECESS 10mm BELOW LIP OF BOX AG DRAIN WITH GEOFABRIC SOCK TO MANUFACTURER'S SPECIFICATION
CONCRETE SLAB AND FOOTINGS TO STRUCTURAL ENGINEER'S SPECIFICATION
D05 Typical Base Wall/Gutter Detail
THIS DRAWING AND DESIGN REMAINS THE COPYRIGHT OF THE ARCHITECT ©. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS UNLESS OTHERWISE SHOWN. WORK TO GIVEN DIMENSIONS. DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING. CHECK ALL DIMENSIONS ON SITE P R I O R T O C O N S T R U C T I O N . B R I N G A N Y D I S C R E PA N C I E S T O T H E AT T E N T I O N O F T H E P R O P R I E T O R . B U I L D E R T O A L L O W F O R A P P R O P R I AT E M E A N S O F E X PA N S I O N A N D C O N T R A C T I O N M AT E R I A L S , S T R U C T U R E A N D S U B - S T R U C T U R E I N A C C O R D A N C E WITH AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS AND PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS R E C O M M E N D AT I O N S . B U I L D E R T O E N S U R E T H AT D I S S I M I L A R M E TA L S D O N O T C O M E I N C O N TA C T I N A C C O R D A N C E W I T H A U S T R A L I A N S TA N D A R D S A N D C S I R O ' S N O T E S O N T H E S C I E N C E O F B U I L D I N G . A L S O R E F E R T O LY S A G H T S R E F E R E E O R E Q U I VA L E N T.
1:10
for construction
narcosis
drawing name: D E TA I L S scales: 1:10, 1:20 drawn by: phase: cc 0
0.1
mk
! mission #: 0 0 0 2 drawing #: D.05 reconnaisance #: B
! 0.5
1m
09 aquaway n e w c a s t l e e a s t , n s w, 2 3 0 0 p:4929 9999 f: 4929 9988 mail@narcosis.net.au w w w. n a rc o s i s . n e t . a u
FIBRE CEMENT SHEET LAID OVER WATERPROOF MEMBRANE AS PROTECTION FROM RIVER PEBBLES ABOVE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
TR0107
5mm GALVANISED COLD ROLLED STEEL GUTTER 1:40 NOM
11.1 detail model figure 26:  Photos of construction detail model
11.2 summary + feedback The phase submitted was the technical resolution of an area selected from the developed design phase. This component was submitted in Week 9, on the 22nd of September 2009. This included four selected A1 working drawings, detailing a plan at 1:100, a part elevation at 1:50, a detail section at 1:20 and selected details at 1:10. This work also includes a physical model at 1:20, which will be submitted with the final exhibition. Mr Chris Tucker, who presented the construction component of the second semester coursework, assessed the submission. Together with David Stafford, Chris Tucker, Max Irvine and Derren Lowe, a structural system outlining the following was established: »» The primary structure in the exhibition space is constructed from reinforced, formed concrete. The aggregate used in the concrete will come from the fill taken from the site excavation for the submarine evacuation diving tank. This tank is at a depth of 50m below ground level. The aggregate will show the geological striation as the wall is formed in stages. »» The secondary structural system is independently adjacent to the primary system. This steel system is intended to remain in contrast to the heaviness of the formed concrete. This lightweight system borders the internalised ‘wet’ areas of the facility. »» The ‘wet’ areas of the facility are the two tanks. Each of the two tanks are central in the building and the excavations for both tanks are extruded into the materiality of the more public functions of the building. Feedback included: Working Drawings
»» Excellent exploration of detailing, materials and systems, critical thinking and research evident. »» Excellent exploration of construction systems, critical thinking and research evident. »» Excellent exploration of the potential of the weathering process, critical thinking evident. »» Drawings carefully, clearly and precisely expressed. Excellent effort. Detail Model Not submitted yet at the time of writing this report. See previous page for images.
TR0109
»» Selections clearly communicated and well researched. Structural issues well researched.
FD0111
12 final design
3 5 ¡ 0 7 Õ3 4 . 1 6 ÓS Ê- Êc r a n e
M
I
N
I
SUBMARINE RESEARCH
13
RECONNAISSANCE
C E N T R E
3 5 ¡ 0 7 Õ3 4 . 1 6 ÓS Ê- Êc r a n e
M E A G A N . K E R R J
E
R
V
I
S
.
B
A
Y .
A
C
T 14
3 5 ¡ 7 Õ3 3 . 9 8 Ó S . 1 5 0 ¡ 4 5 Õ1 6 . 4 5 Ó E
s u b m a r i n e Êe v a c u a t i
M U R R AY S ÊB E A C H
m i n i Ês u b m a r i n e Êr e s e a r c h Ê- Ê1 5 0 ¡ BOODEREEÊ N AT I O N A L ÊPA R K
4 5 Õ1 6 . 0 5 ÓEÊ
1 5 0 ¡ 4 5 Õ1 6 . 4 5
1 5 0 ¡ 4 5 Õ1 6 . 0 5 m i n i Ês u b m a r i n e Êr e s e a r c h
s u b m a r i n e Êe v a c u a t i o n Êt r a i n i n g
3 5 ¡ 0 7 Õ3 4 . 1 6 ÓS Ê- Êc r a n e
5
6
12
4
3 11
10
3 5 ¡ 0 7 Õ3 4 . 1 6 ÓS Ê- Êc r a n e
11.Ê 12.Ê 13.Ê 14.Ê
entry exhibition testingÊtank laboratory workshop dock conference administration training submarineÊevacuationÊ trainingÊtank hyperbaricÊchamber accomodation parking trailerÊparking
s u b m a r i n e Êe v a c u a t i o n Êt r a i n i n g Ê- Ê1 5 0 ¡
Ê- Ê1 5 0 ¡ 4 5 Õ1 6 . 0 5 ÓEÊ
13 1 7
9
8
9
8
1
2
4 5 Õ1 6 . 4 5 ÓEÊ
FD0113
1.Ê 2.Ê 3.Ê 4.Ê 5.Ê 6.Ê 7.Ê 8.Ê 9.Ê 10.Ê
13 conclusion The final design submission aimed to resolve the key points which came from the developed design feedback. The form of the building was resolved through the technical resolution. The result was to purposely limit the building’s visual impact upon the initial arrival to site. The building is nestled into a continuous form which reflects the original excavation of the site. Though the building is not immediately obvious from the elevated entry road, once a client or visitor has arrived onto the low level crossing, the progression and experience of the site becomes clear. The planning seperates the program, acoustically and down to the key program functions. The buildings’ climatic interaction allows natural cross ventilation and southern light into the exhibition, laboratoy/workshop and the training areas. The positioning of the tanks on the middle axis also allows for natural cooling to the buildings. The built form has responded to and has reflected the existing site characteristics. The site was originally excavated for Defence Force use and the cut has been left exposed. The materiality of the project is largely reinforced in-situ concrete, using the aggregate from the site as medium of measurement of the site’s layered history. Theorectically the project has established a narrative of the mini submarine and the diver. These two narratives have directed the project starting at conceptual design, to allow for an architectural interpretation of a very specific and pragmatic program. The building best describes itself in section through three key axes, the crane, diver and mini submarine. These axes have served as the framework for the expression of this unique building typology.
14 bibliography
1 1 8
1.
Atlas of Novel Tectonics, Reiser + Umemoto
2.
ATSA Defence Sevices (website) http://www.atsa.com.au/
3.
http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/booderee/
4.
Shoal Haven City Council (website) http://www.shoalhaven.nsw.gov.au/
5.
A Design Manual, Industrial Buildings, 2004
6.
Architectus Melbourne (classified) 2009
7.
Environment Assessment Branch, Department of Arts, Sport, the Environment, Tourism and Territories
8.
GA document 86, 2005, Zaha Hadid, BMW Works, Leipzig
9.
GA document 95, Justo Garcia Rubio, Casar de Caceres Sub-Regional Bus Station
10. Industrial Buildings and Factories, Oswald W. Grube 11. Masters of Structure, Engineering Today’s Innovative Buildings, Sutherland Lyall 12. Morphosis - Buildings and Projects, 1989 13. Morphosis - Buildings and Project, 1989-1992 14. Mutations, Rem Koolhaas, Stefano Boeri, Sanford Kwinter, Nadia Tazi 15. Nature Design, Museum Fur Gestaltung Zurich, Angeli Sachs, 2007 16. The Renzo Piano Logbook, Ferrari Wind Tunnel, 1997
1 1 9
17. Wine by Design, Sean Stanwick and Loraine Fowlow