تقنية عمارة كراسة المتدرب

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹] ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬‫א‬F١ – 

٢٠٣

 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬     K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬??? ١?‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹] ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E‫א‬‫א‬F١ J

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬F‫א‬ K١  K‫א‬ K٢  K‫א‬ K٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤  K‫א‬ K٥ K‫א‬ K٦ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬  K٣٠‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 E‫א‬F‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

 J W‫א‬‫א‬J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K٣L ٤٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F

F٣L٣٥٠‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١ K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١J ٣J ١

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W

‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

٤‫א‬‫א‬ E٤F K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢-

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

K‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢J ٣J ١

‫א‬KE٤F E٣F

٣J ٣J ١

 K‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K   ‫א‬K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٣J ١  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬٦J ٣J ١

 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬ •

 F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠٢ F،E‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

(‫ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺓ ﺍﳋﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬-١٠١ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

-٣-

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

(‫ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﺸﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺓ‬-١٠٢ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤J ١

٣٥٠F‫א‬E١F‫א‬ ‫א‬١J ٤J ١  K‫א‬‫א‬E٣L

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤J ١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬٣J ٤J ١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٤J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٤J ١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤-

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٤J ١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧J ٤J ١ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F ‫א‬J ١٠٣

 FK  ‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬

KE‫א‬

(‫ﺇﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻔﻨﺠﻴﺔ‬-١٠٣ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨J ٤J ١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F K‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٩J ٤J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E? ?? ?‫א‬F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠٢  F، ‫א‬EF‫א‬

KE‫א‬

K‫א‬١٠J ٤J ١

 W‫א‬‫א‬٥J ١

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٥J ١ -٥-

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J 

 K ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J   ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥J ١  K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٥J ١  K‫א‬  J W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W J ١٠٤  F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬-١٠٤ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬( H, G, F, E, D, C, Ά, A )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬J  J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬(CH)‫א‬KE٥J ٤J ٣F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬(FA)‫א‬‫א‬ K(CH) (FA)

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬‫א‬KDGBEFADG‫א‬  K‫א‬EBCH‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١ J ١٠٥  F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(‫ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ ﺑﺮﻭﺯﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﺚ‬-١٠٥ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ C = (S-1) Cm K(c)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ K٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢ E  F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

J ١٠٥  F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    W E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻑ‬-١٠٦ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(AB) K٧  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

KBA‫א‬CBDA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨

‫א‬‫א‬(5,4,3,2,1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩ ‫א‬،٦K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KEEF‫א‬F‫א‬AB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٩-

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  W١J ٥ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬

K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E١F‫א‬ - ١٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬‫א‬E٢F ٢J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠٧  F،‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

( ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺒﻞ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ‬-١٠٧ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬J   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬J   KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٣J ١ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠٨ F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠٧ F‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬ E٢٥FEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ١١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

(‫ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‬-١٠٨ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬٤J ١ KE٢F ‫א‬‫א‬E  ٢F K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥J ١ ‫א‬KE‫א‬KKK،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬KK‫א‬––‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ ‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–FE‫א‬KKK

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢ K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ١٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J  ‫א‬K  ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J  ‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 

 K‫א‬ EF

K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 

‫א‬‫א‬،E ‫א‬J ١٠٩ F،‫א‬  K‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

(‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﻄﻦ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺯ‬-١٠٩ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬  WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J   K ‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J   K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  J   - ١٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬KKK  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣  W‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬ EF  K‫א‬

‫א‬E ٣L  ٤٥٠F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

 J WE‫א‬KK––F‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬J   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ KEF‫א‬E٣٠  F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬K‫א‬ - ١٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE ١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫ א‬‫א‬J ٣  W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣ ‫א‬HFK ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(c-26)  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K(5kg)H(c-26)‫א‬(2-3kg)H16kg

 K E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K  

- ١٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W‫א‬ ‫א‬E٢٥FE١٢F‫א‬ K١١  K‫א‬‫א‬

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢ ‫א‬K ‫א‬E٤F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬EF

K‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣ K‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١J ٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢J ٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٤٥F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

F‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣J ٤  K‫א‬KE

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤J ٤  K‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬E ‫א‬F K١٦

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٧ ‫א‬E٣٠J ٢٥F‫א‬E١٢F‫א‬

 K‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٨  K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١ ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K١٢  ٣٠{٠٢٥

 ٣٠{٢٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ١٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

K٩‫א‬ K٣٠{٠٤٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٣  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٣‫א‬

K٠{٢٥W(C-26)‫א‬ K١{٢٥W

 W‫א‬ ٢،E‫א‬F٢‫א‬‫א‬٢٣٧  K‫א‬‫א‬٣،EF

- ١٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬K ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٩ KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KE  ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K

٣٥٠٢١EF‫א‬‫א‬ K٢١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ٣L K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٢  W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EJ ١١٠  F،‫א‬‫א‬ E ٣٠C٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬E  ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 KAB‫א‬‫א‬?? - ٢٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

( ‫ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ ﺃﻓﻘﻲ ﳊﻤﺎﻡ‬-١١٠ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AB‫א‬‫א‬J ١  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

E٥F‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٢F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

 WE١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • c = 350 – 3 – 10 = 337 cm    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 337 / 30+0.3 = 11.12  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • - ٢١ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬ 



 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

11 x 30.3 =333.3 cm



  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F  KE‫א‬‫א‬J ١١١ F،‫א‬

(‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬-١١١ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ 

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬KADBC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

BC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AB‫א‬‫א‬E 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ AD  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١١٢ F،‫א‬

- ٢٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

( ‫ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ‬-١١٢ ‫) ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬J ١  F،‫א‬E٢،١F‫א‬J ٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

( ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﻳﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺓ‬-١ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤،٢،٣F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦

E٢،١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ FJ ‫א‬‫א‬ - ٢٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

( ‫ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺒﻞ ﻭﺍﳋﻴﻂ‬-٢ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٦،٥F‫א‬‫א‬J

KE٣J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬E٢،١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤،٢FE٣،١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦،٥F‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧  K‫א‬

E٤،٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J ٩ ،٢F‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

  FEKK،٦،٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KCD‫א‬‫א‬AB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠،٩F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٨،٧F

‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ - ٢٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠،٩F‫א‬ KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣ 

E١٢،١١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E١٠،٩F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠،٩F‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E١٤،١٣F‫א‬‫א‬J

،E١٢،١٠FE١١،٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠،٩F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢،١١F‫א‬‫א‬J

K‫א‬

 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢،١١F‫א‬ •  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬K(AB)‫א‬‫א‬(C-D)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١١ ‫א‬J ٣ F–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦،١٥F‫א‬ E١٨،١٧F‫א‬‫א‬E١٦،١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K (AB)‫א‬‫א‬E٢،١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K(AB)‫א‬‫א‬(C-D)‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬(D-C)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KJ ١٢  F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

- ٢٥ -

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ٢٠٣‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ١J ‬‬

‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ -٣‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺳﲑﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ(‬

‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ -٤‬ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺳﲑﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻮﺩ(‬ ‫‪- ٢٦ -‬‬

‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KJ ١٣  KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬J ‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KJ ١٤  K‫א‬  W E  ‫א‬J ‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬E‫א‬F

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣ KE٣L٤٥٠F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤ K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥ K  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٠{٥F ‫א‬

- ٢٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ E١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤ K 

( ‫ ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﻧﺔ‬-٥ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

- ٢٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W E  F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬J ٥ FK‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 ‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 W‫א‬KJ  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ٢٠E ١FE ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ K ٢٥E٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K  

 W‫א‬J   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EF

 ٪٣٠

‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

٪٦٠

 K‫א‬EF

٪٥

KE‫א‬‫א‬  KEF

 K

 ٪٤

 ٪١

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KEF‫א‬HE‫א‬FHW

 KEHFW‫א‬

 KE‫א‬HHFW  K‫א‬‫א‬HHWEF‫א‬

 KHW

 KE‫א‬F‫א‬HW - ٣٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K K١ KEF K٢

KW K٣ KW K٤  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E‫א‬KKK ‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E ٤٨F٢٤‫א‬‫א‬

 K

‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

WE ٤٨‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K    K‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬KE١F‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬EF‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W  KEF‫א‬  K٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦ ‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬

KEJ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬J  K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٪٦٠  ٪٢٥

 ٪١٥ KK  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

F‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE

٪٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W‫א‬J   W‫א‬J ١ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EF‫א‬ E٢٤F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٢  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢ E  F‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬

K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٢ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

K  W‫א‬J   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬J ١J ١ ٢L٠{٠٥ J   ٢L٠{٣٥ J   ٢L٠{٣٥  J  

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢J ١  K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J  ٢L٠{٤ J 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ K‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫…א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ J   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬  W ‫א‬‫א‬٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  ‫א‬‫א‬٠{٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.(Grid Iron)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬٥٠C٤٠ ١٠J ٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬(Expanded Metal)‫א‬‫א‬

J ٦  F–٢L ١{٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ٢٠  KE

- ٣٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

(‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﻚ ﻣﻌﺪﱐ ﳑﺪﺩ‬-٦ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫א‬٥(over lap)‫א‬‫א‬ K ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١W٢

٣،٥‫א‬‫א‬ - ٣٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ –‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬J ٧  F،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧  F،E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﱐ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬-٧ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ (‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﱐ‬ - ٣٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

(‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬-١٢٠ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ - ٣٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬EFiber board)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬J ١٢١ F‫א‬KKK

( ‫ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺃﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺄﻟﻮﺍﺡ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬-١٢١ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ - ٤٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩ KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠  KE‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬ K١١ K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢ ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣ –‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢٢ F  K‫א‬‫א‬J 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦   F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢٢ F،E‫א‬  KE‫א‬

 W ‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬  K

K٢L٣،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



( ‫ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎﺕ‬-١٢٢ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

- ٤٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 ‫א‬W  –‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

 W،‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J   W W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬J ١  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬١J ١ E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬١١J ١J ١ ‫א‬J  ‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬KKK‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٤٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠،‫א‬

‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٠–٨‫א‬

 K

 W‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٣F‫א‬

 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٪١‫א‬‫א‬

B1,

 W‫א‬‫א‬  WB ‫א‬E١{٢F‫א‬‫א‬J ١ 2 = √25+25 = √50 = 7.1m  ‫א‬ B‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

VB = ( 7.1 x 1) D100 = 0.071m = 7.1cm

 K(7.1cm)‫א‬21‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٤٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 E١{٢FCBA‫א‬‫א‬J ٣ VA,c = 5 x 1 = 5 cm VD = 5 cm  E‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢٣ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

(‫ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬-١٢٣ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ E٣J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

- ٤٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W‫א‬٢J ١ ٣٣L ٣٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬K١ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬KKK‫א‬

E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٣J ١F‫א‬

،E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢٤  F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٣

  ‫א‬J ١٢٥ F‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

 KE٠J 

- ٤٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

(‫ﺎﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬‫ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪﺍﺭ ﺍ‬-١٢٤ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ 

(‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺃﻓﻘﻲ‬٠-‫ ﺷﺪ ﺍﳋﻴﻂ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻧﺖ‬-١٢٥ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  

K‫א‬‫א‬ - ٤٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K E٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬J ٦ K   ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  ‫א‬‫א‬J ٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢٦ F–‫א‬

‫א‬E٣F K ‫א‬‫א‬ KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬

( ‫ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺕ‬-١٢٦ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E ٣J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬ K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEJ ١٢٧ FK‫א‬ - ٤٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

( ‫ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﻼﻁ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺭﲰﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬-١٢٧ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬  WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  W

‫א‬،E ‫א‬J ١٢٨ F‫א‬‫א‬

 E٪١F‫א‬‫א‬

(‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻼﻁ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ‬-١٢٨ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

- ٤٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢

K ‫א‬E  ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬K١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 200 x 0.01 = 2cm ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F  KEK‫א‬

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ D ‫ و‬A ‫ و‬B‫א‬‫א‬K٢  WAD‫א‬(0.00)O‫א‬‫א‬KEO Vb = Va = (A0) x (0.01) = 200 x 0.01= 2.00 cm Vd = (D0) x (0.10) = 283 x 0.01 = 2.83 cm ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬DA‫א‬K٣

(O)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ B A‫א‬K٤ ‫א‬‫א‬–E‫א‬J ١٢٩ F–

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E OBF(A,O)

- ٥٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

(‫ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺑﲔ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﲔ‬-١٢٩ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬AB‫א‬‫א‬AB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  AD‫א‬‫א‬AD K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

WEWood FloorF‫א‬J ٢ ‫א‬(Wood Sleepers)‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٣C١{٥٣C٣٢C٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬  K

‫א‬–‫א‬٤٥–٣٥‫א‬‫א‬J  –‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٥١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  FEF–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣٠

(‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬-١٣٠ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Floor Clip)‫א‬‫א‬ - ٥٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

J ١٣٠  FEF‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬J ١٣٠  F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  EPlank FloorF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ –٨(Knots)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬٢{٨١{٩‫א‬١٢

(Toenailing)?  ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬KE  ‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣١  F٤‫א‬

‫א‬٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬F‫א‬٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٦‫א‬٦x٦،‫א‬٤x٤‫א‬ ٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬E  ‫א‬

 FEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣٠

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 EParquet FloorsF‫א‬٢J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Sub-Floor)‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٥٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬،E  ‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣١  FEF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤L٣٢٠J ١٢‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K١‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J ١٣١  FE،FK(Toenailing)?  ‫א‬?  KE‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬١٥‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EWood BlockF‫א‬٣J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٢١{٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬١٥‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٣١  FEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬

- ٥٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

(‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻛﺶ‬-١٣١ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ - ٥٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

Pieve floors Or thin tilesF‫א‬‫א‬J   W‫א‬‫א‬

EOne

 WEFJ ١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٥J ٣‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٣x٣‫א‬K  ‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  W‫א‬J ٢ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E F٠{٤٠E  F٠{٨٠٤٠

‫א‬،٣٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠‫א‬‫א‬٣‫א‬

‫א‬،٦٠{٥‫א‬E‫א‬F

‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٠‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢{٠٠ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 KE‫א‬،‫א‬J ٦٥‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬J ٣ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬٢٦‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٥٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J   W‫א‬‫א‬

 W٢١٢٠x٢٠٢٤٠‫א‬‫א‬J ١  ٢٠x٢٠٢٥

 ١٥x١٥٤٤

 K١٠x١٠١٠٠  W٢٢١

 K‫א‬‫א‬٨H٢٠{٥١٧ K‫א‬ ‫א‬١٥x١٥٢٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬J ٢  K٢٤٠–٣٠

٥٨{٣٠‫א‬E ٤L٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

K٦٠{٢٥‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬١٢  K٢٣٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬٢٤٥٢٣٥‫א‬‫א‬J ٤  K‫א‬٢٨٠

‫א‬K ‫א‬٢١٠J ٥  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٢٥   

- ٥٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W   J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫ﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺻﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺒﲎ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳐﻠﻮﻁ‬١٥ ‫ﻟﻌﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﳊﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﳌﺒﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ ﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﱐ‬١ ‫ﺳﻢ ﰒ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﲰﻨﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ‬٢ – ١,٥ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻔﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ ﻳﺘﺮﻭﺍﺡ ﻣﺎﺑﲔ‬ – ‫ﺣﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﳌﺒﲎ‬

 KE‫א‬J ١٣٢ F 

( ‫ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﺰﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬-١٣٢ ‫) ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J WE‫א‬‫א‬٦٤J ٥٩

- ٥٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١  K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢  K

‫א‬‫א‬٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣  K ‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﺐ ﺍﳋﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬..‫ﻭﻟﻌﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻷﺭﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺑﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ ﺳﻢ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﺳﻄﺤﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﻠﺲ ﰒ ﻳﻔﺮﺩ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺟﻔﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳐﻠﻮﻁ‬٣– ٢ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ‬ ‫ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﺐ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ﺳﻢ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁ‬٢ ‫ﺳﻢ ﰒ ﺍﳌﻮﻧﺔ‬٣ ‫ﺳﻢ ﰒ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ ﲰﻚ‬٢ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻔﻠﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ ﺳﻢ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﳊﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﰒ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ )ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺒﲔ ﰲ‬٥ ‫ﺍﳋﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻮ ﲰﻚ‬

 KE‫א‬J ١٣٢ F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K 

 W‫א‬‫א‬J   K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣١٣٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠(Over Lap)‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

F–٢‫א‬‫א‬٢ ‫א‬٢‫א‬٧–٣  KE‫א‬J ١٣٣   - ٥٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

‫א‬،‫א‬??  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬  

(‫ ﻋﺰﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬-١٣٣ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

،‫א‬‫א‬،،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬J ١ K١٤٢٣،‫א‬ K١٩٩١،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،، J ٢ 

‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬، ، J ٣ K١٩٩٩،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬، ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،، J ٤ K٢٠٠١،‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥ K١٩٩٧،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦ K١٩٨٢،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 7- Barry, R., The construction of Buildings, U.K., Blackwell Science, 1996.

8- Garcia, David Fernandez, Construction Encyclopedia, Hugo Quiroga Capovilla, Malaga- Spain, 1996.

9- McKay, W.B., Building Construction, U.K., London, Long man Group Ltd., 1998.

10- Ochida, T.& M. Kita and Others, Performance and Durability of New Flexible Adhesive for External Wall Finish, Japan, Urawa, Konishi Co. Ltd., 1999.

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 ‫א‬ 

١

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

W‫א‬‫א‬

١

W‫א‬‫א‬

١

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١

W‫א‬‫א‬

١

W‫א‬‫א‬

١

W‫א‬‫א‬

٢

E‫א‬F‫א‬W

٢

J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

٢

J W‫א‬‫א‬J ١

٦

J W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

٧

W

٦ ٧

W‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢ W‫א‬‫א‬

٨

W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢

٨

W

٩

W

٩

W‫א‬‫א‬

١٠ ١٠

١٠

W١J ٥ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  W‫א‬‫א‬J ١

١٢

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

١٤

WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢

١٥

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢

١٢

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢

١٥

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

١٥

W‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣

١٥

W‫א‬‫א‬J 

 ‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

١٥

W‫א‬‫א‬

١٥

W‫א‬‫א‬

١٥

W‫א‬‫א‬

١٦

W‫א‬‫א‬J 

١٦

W‫א‬‫א‬

١٦

W‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣

١٧

W‫א‬

١٨

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

١٨

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

١٩ ١٩

٢٠

W‫א‬‫א‬J ٣ W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W

٢٠

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

٢١

W‫א‬‫א‬

٢٥

W

٢٠

W

٢٧

W

٢٧

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

٢٩

W

٣٠

‫א‬W 

٣٠

W‫א‬KJ 

٣٠

W‫א‬J 

٣١

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣١

W‫א‬‫א‬

٣١

W

٣١

W‫א‬‫א‬

٣٢

W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

٣٢

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣٢

W‫א‬‫א‬

٣٢

W‫א‬‫א‬

٣٢

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣٣

W‫א‬‫א‬J 

٣٤

W‫א‬J 

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W

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W‫א‬J ١

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W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

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W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

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W‫א‬J ١J ١

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٣٥

٣٥

٣٥

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W‫א‬J 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢J ١ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬

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W‫א‬‫א‬J 

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W

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W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

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W

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‫א‬W 

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W‫א‬J ١

٤٣ ٤٣

W‫א‬‫א‬J 

W‫א‬١J ١

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W‫א‬‫א‬١١J ١J ١

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W‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١J ١

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W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١J ١

 ‫א‬ 

 ٢٠٣

 

 ١J 

 

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W

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W‫א‬‫א‬

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W‫א‬٢J ١

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W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ١

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W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ١

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WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ١

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W‫א‬‫א‬

٤٦

٥٠

W‫א‬‫א‬

W

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W

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WEWood FloorF‫א‬J ٢

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EParquet FloorsF‫א‬٢J ٢

٥٣ ٥٤

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EPlank FloorF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢

EWood BlockF‫א‬٣J ٢

EOne Pieve floors Or thin tilesF‫א‬‫א‬J 

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WEFJ ١

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W‫א‬J ٣

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W‫א‬J ٢

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W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

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‫א‬‫א‬W 

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W‫א‬‫א‬J 

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K‫א‬‫א‬>

W‫א‬‫א‬J 

‫א‬‫א‬

      

      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS