a mannequin of sustainability

Additionally on this version this system – developed in collaboration with Rai For ESG Sustainability – is especially dense. The Pageant will host a workshop on Saturday 8 July with Stefano Mancuso, the authoritative botanist who has devoted his educational life to demonstrating that vegetation are actual residing networks, refined and developed social organisms with extraordinary adaptability, and that they may provide us decisive technological options for our future. As a part of the “No Girls No Panel” mission, on July 7 many protagonists of the Italian and worldwide scene – étoiles, but in addition choreographers, administrators, creative administrators, writers – within the debate “Feminist choreography” will rewrite the historical past and current of dance. Once more along with Rai for ESG Sustainability, the assembly “Tradition breaks the bars” shall be held on 1 July, with a gathering between the actors and inmates of the #SIneNomine firm, the preview of the present “Midnight’s Goals property”, and a panel devoted to the theatrical exercise carried out in prisons. On the identical themes the appointment “Utopias and Dystopias”, with a spherical desk targeted on instructional paths in prisons, from literacy to college. Then there are the “Instructional Tasks” devoted to native college students: coaching internships – from the promotion workplace to tailoring, from communication to manufacturing – to expertise first-hand the work of the Pageant’s organizational machine, the “Il Pageant Siamo Noi” competitors , devoted to main college youngsters, the Theater Mediation mission for center college college students and Inexperienced Corners within the metropolis.

After which there are the reveals, in fact. Within the intensive program it’s simple to establish, admits the creative director Monique Veaute, a standard thread, that’s the want for a relationship between man, nature and the animal world that’s playful, optimistic, cheerful, even complicit. It’s maybe no coincidence that the Pageant opens with the work of Leos Janacek “A wise little fox”, if within the Noon Live shows the soloists of the Budapest Pageant Orchestra and the Perugia Chamber Orchestra will draw a musical atlas of the extraordinary number of representations, from bees to birds, from flies to fish, from cicadas to ants. The Colombian dancer Fernando Montaño in “Buena Ventura” will reinterpret Franz Kafka’s Metamorphoses the other way up, with animals turning into males. And Luca Marinelli, for his directorial effort chooses Kafka’s “The Lesson”, the story of a monkey captured and locked in a cage that imitates the human beings round it, changing into one in all them.

Does Childhood Adversity Cause Mental Health Problems?

It’s well known that experiencing adverse events in childhood (such as maltreatment, domestic violence, or parental substance abuse) is associated with mental health problems. But, despite decades of research, we still don’t know the extent to which these adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cause mental health problems.

This confusion arises from the fact that children exposed to ACEs are likely to experience other risk factors for mental health problems, including social factors like poverty, as well as genetic factors. So it’s not clear whether higher rates of mental health problems in individuals who experienced ACEs are due to the adversity per se or to other risks.

It’s understandable that children exposed to ACEs are likely to experience other social risk factors, like poverty. But why might children exposed to adversities have a greater genetic predisposition to mental health problems?

First, we know that ACEs are more common in families in which parents have mental health problems, and experiencing severe parental mental health problems is also considered to be an ACE. This means that children living in these families may be more likely to inherit a genetic predisposition to mental health problems from their parents and also experience adverse environments.

Second, it’s also possible that children who inherit mental health problems might be responded to in a negative way by their parents. For example, parents may lose their tempers more often with hyperactive children, increasing the likelihood that these children experience shouting or physical discipline.

These are examples of gene-environment correlation, whereby exposure to environmental experiences depends on a person’s genotype. Such gene-environment correlations can mean that the association between ACEs and mental health may be at least partly explained by genetic factors.

In a recent study, we aimed to account for genetics to better understand the environmental impact of ACEs on mental health. To do so, we studied over 11,000 genotyped children taking part in the UK-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children or the US-based Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. To assess ACEs (maltreatment, domestic violence, parental mental health problems, parental substance abuse, parental criminality, and parental separation), we used information from parent and child interviews. We assessed children’s internalising problems (e.g., anxiety and depression), and externalising problems (e.g., ADHD and disruptive behaviours) through parent reports when children were aged 9 or 10 years.

To assess a child’s genetic predisposition to mental health problems, we calculated polygenic risk scores. Polygenic risk scores index a person’s genetic liability for a disorder (e.g., depression) based on the number of genetic risk variants they have for that disorder. We calculated children’s polygenic risk scores for a range of mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, ADHD, autism, antisocial behaviour, and alcohol abuse.

We first examined whether children with a greater genetic predisposition to mental health problems were more likely to experience ACEs. We found that this was the case: children with higher polygenic risk scores for mental health problems (such as depression, ADHD, and schizophrenia) were, on average, slightly more likely to experience ACEs.

Importantly, this doesn’t mean that exposure to ACEs is determined by genes, is the fault of the child, or is not preventable. Rather, the findings suggest that children with a greater genetic predisposition to mental health problems are, on average, slightly more likely to experience ACEs.

This finding is likely to at least partly reflect passive gene-environment correlation, whereby parents with mental health problems pass on this genetic predisposition to their children and provide adverse environments. For example, a parent with depression might transmit genetic risk variants linked to depression to their child and also find it harder to interact with the child.

But despite these genetic influences, it’s important to emphasise that ACEs are also influenced by modifiable social and environmental risk factors and can be effectively prevented through environmental interventions, like parenting support programmes.