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Guide
for
Members of
Parliament
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Published by Media Council of Kenya Nairobi Baptist Church Court Unit 3 P.O. Box 43132, 00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya Telephone: 254-2-2737058, 2725032 Email: mediacouncil@wananchi.com Website: www.mediacouncil.or.ke
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Media Council of Kenya June 2009 ISBN: 9966-7156-8-1
The information contained in this book may be used by anyone as long as they acknowledge the Media Council of Kenya.
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Foreword Kenyans get to see their MP’s performance in Parliament mainly through the media. It is therefore important that parliamentarians understand how media work. Yet, like many Kenyans, not many leaders know how to engage the media to articulate their issues. In addition, many do not understand how the media operates, how they do what they do and when they do it. This book aims at addressing this issue and is targeted at Members of Parliament who are an integral source of news for the media. It contains practical tips on how to deal with the media effectively. It has a list of contacts to facilitate contact with the media. We hope that the book will be a resource for Parliamentarians. Esther Kamweru Executive Director Media Council of Kenya
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Acknowledgements This publication has been as adventurous as it has been challenging. We are grateful to Ms. Wanjiku Mbugua, a Communication, Governance and Development consultant for co-ordinating the entire project and ensuring that its objectives were met. Mr. Kwendo Opanga and Wanjiku Mbugua developed this publication. We acknowledge their useful inputs in media management, operations and structure. Their hands on experience is reected in the practical aspects of dealing with the media covered in the guide. We acknowledge the Media Council of Kenya staff who include, Zalpha Midika, Stella Gakii, Ephraim Muchemi, Moses Okinyi and Geraldine Mbithe. The team has worked tirelessly to bring this project to its logical conclusion. Finally, we acknowledge the British High Commission for providing the ďŹ nancial and technical support for the project.
Media Council of Kenya
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From the British High Commission “This publication is the result of a project that set out to provide practical ways and ideas to improve the relationship between parliament and the media, which in turn would help improve the quality of parliamentary reporting. At the British High Commission we are delighted to have been partners in this process. I really believe that both parliamentarians and journalists will benefit from the result, as they contribute in their separate ways to the pursuit of a healthy democracy.” Rob Macaire British High Commissioner Nairobi
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Whatever the contact on whatever level, from your standpoint, any dealing with the radio, television, or the print medium is important.[Because it can be your blessing or your curse] John Wade
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Contents PART I
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1 - Role of the Media
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2 - Historical Background (a) The Colonial Period (b) Post Independence period (c) Return Of Multi-Party Politics (d) Media Houses in Kenya (e) Cross Media Ownership (f) Community Media
4 4 5 6 7 13 13
3 - Structure of Media (a) The Newsroom (b) OfďŹ ces to know in media houses
15 16 20
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PART II
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1-The Media - A two-edged sword (a) Dealing with the media (b) Making contact with the media (c) Sustaining relationship with the media
23 25 27 27
2-Dos and Don’ts (a) General information (b) Encounter with the media
29 29 31
Appendix 1 Code of Conduct for the Practice of Journalism in Kenya
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Appendix 2 Useful media contacts
59 59
Appendix 3 Directory of media houses and institutions in Kenya - 2009
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x
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PART I
1 - Role of the Media
T
he chief roles of the media are to inform, educate, and entertain. People look to the media to know what is going on around them. That is, they want to get the news; they want to be and stay informed. But people also want to know beyond what happened or what is happening; they seek to be educated. But while people want to know what is happening and a lot more than that; they also want their sources of information and education to also entertain them. However, media in keeping with their role of the Fourth Estate – after the Executive, Judiciary and Legislature - are also watchdogs for the society in which they operate. This means that as watchdogs, media seek to keep those in positions of responsibility accountable to the rules of their calling, tenets of democracy and the constitutions of their institutions and country.
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When there is a general election, for example, media are expected to provide information not only on the candidates, but also on the issues at play to enable the electorate make informed choices. Media are expected to not only report on the events, but also explain them, analyse them and make it easier for their readers, viewers and listeners to understand them better, know how they affect them and equip them with ways and means of responding to them. Media are also expected to investigate such cases and causes and report on them authoritatively. Where do the media get their information from? They will tell you sources. They read. They inquire from those in the know, the experts. They research. They go out and cover events. They speak to those affected by these events or those who caused them. However, in carrying out this huge responsibility, media are themselves expected to be responsible, report fairly and accurately, give each side to a story a chance to
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be heard and not condemn or convict without hearing each side and always report in the public interest. Media are supposed to ensure they are not biased in their reportage and to state their editorial positions on the op-ed pages. Put another way, media are supposed to be their own watchdogs.
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2 - Historical Background (a) The Colonial Period During the colonial days media were meant to mainly broadcast government pronouncements to especially the settler community in Kenya. Early editions of the East African Standard look and read like government advertorials. Africans too hungered for news and their hunger was to be addressed by an indigenous Press that focused on issues of rights and freedom of Africans. It was always anathema to the colonial government and settler community and because of this fear of an indigenous Press, the colonial authorities in 1939 introduced the Penal and Emergency Orders in Council to keep the nascent Press in check. In 1950 came the Newspaper Ordinance which targeted a edgling indigenous Press that published Sauti Ya Mwafrika, Uhuru Wa Mwafrika, African Leader and
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Inooro na Agikuyu as the freedom struggle picked up in pace and intensity. In 1952, the colonial government declared a State of Emergency and with it came the ban of indigenous publications. This was to be followed in 1960 by the introduction of the Books and Newspapers Act to control the proliferation of nationalist publications. Not surprisingly, it was not until 1959 that the Kenya Broadcasting Service was formed, just four years before independence. (b) Post-Independence period While the nationalists had always wanted to get their message out via media, the advent of independence created new challenges. The ofďŹ cial Secrets Act was enacted in 1968 following several leaks to media that put the edgling government under political pressure. Since then the media and government have always had a love hate relationship, with media claiming to serve
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the public interest and with government claiming ulterior motives in media coverage and comment. This was more pronounced when Kenya was a one party state by law, that is, from 1982 to 1991. This period saw the ban of titles such as The Financial Review, Beyond and Nairobi Law Monthly. (c) Return of multi-party politics Since the return of multi-party politics in 1992, Kenya’s media landscape has changed dramatically. There are more print titles, more national, regional and vernacular radio stations and television stations. Most have a presence on the internet. But the most spectacular development has occurred in the ďŹ eld of radio. With more than 130 licensed radio stations – most operational and a few not yet on air - it appears safe to state that radio is the dominant source of news for most people in Kenya. This observation cuts across classes, gender and regions.
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(d) Media houses in Kenya (i) Nation Media Group The Nation Media Group (NMG) was founded in 1960. It is the largest and dominant media house in East and Central Africa, complete with titles in Tanzania and Uganda. NMG runs a TV station in Uganda. In the NMG stable are the Daily Nation, Saturday Nation, Sunday Nation, Business Daily and The EastAfrican. The EastAfrican is a regional title and Business Daily is wholly committed to business news. NMG has two Kiswahili titles – Taifa Leo and Taifa Jumapili. The Daily Nation is the flagship of the group and leads the market sales. The weekend is served by the Saturday Nation and the Sunday Nation, the latter being Kenya’s and East Africa’s biggest selling newspaper. NMG has two radio stations, Easy FM and QFM. The latter targets the younger audience, speakers of Kiswahili and Sheng’, a corruption of English, Kiswahili and various local languages.
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(ii) The Standard Group Limited The Standard Group Limited publishes The Standard, the oldest newspaper in Kenya having been founded in 1902. The Group operates the television station Kenya Television Network (KTN). The groups’ titles which include, The Standard, The Standard on Saturday and The Standard on Sunday - are the second largest in circulation in Kenya. The group also distributes varied overseas magazines under its Publishers Distribution Services (PDS) arm. (iii) Royal Media Services Royal Media Services has shaken the media scene in Kenya considerably. Its Citizen TV not only has a national reach, but its uninching promotion of local programming has led to a revolution in TV journalism and programming. With seven vernacular radio stations Royal Media Services has not only helped promote programming in Luo, Luhya, Meru, Kalenjin, Kamba, Kisii and Kikuyu but also drawn huge attention to the languages themselves. It has inspired other entrepreneurs to follow suit. Royal
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Media Services also runs Citizen Radio, a national Kiswahili station, making it a major player on the Kenya media scene. (iv) Kenya Broadcasting Corporation The Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) (known for many years as Voice of Kenya – VOK) was for a long time the dominant force in Kenya’s airwaves. It started its broadcasts before Kenya’s independence in 1963 and enjoyed a monopoly for decades after independence. It was the only source of news, information and entertainment for Kenyans. It is the only public broadcaster whose radio and TV reach every corner of the country. But the innovativeness of the competition, a crippling and persistent lack of funds and political interference have conspired to downgrade the corporation’s standing. But KBC Radio and TV pride themselves on being the only ones that reach every nook and cranny of Kenya.
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(v) Radio Africa The Nairobi Star was launched in 2007, but is growing rapidly keen to claim the number three slot in newspaper circulation in Kenya. The paper is a sister publication to the KISS FM, Classic, Jambo and East FM radio stations operated by Radio Africa. The Nairobi Star made its entry as a politics-eschewing tabloid, but has since made politics part of its staple. The paper targets mainly young readers. (vi) Kenya Times and People Daily. The Kenya Times and the People Daily are ďŹ ghting to regain their former glory. Kenya Times enjoyed a good professional run prior to 1992 when it was sucked into party politics at the behest and lead of the then ruling party Kanu which owned it. It is proving to be a long march back. The People Daily has been struggling ďŹ nancially for a long time. Neither of the above titles has a radio or TV station.
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A new addition to Kenya’s growing list of newspaper titles is a new weekly called Weekly Eagle. (vii) K24 and Kameme FM K24 is Kenya’s most recent TV station. It is a unique addition to Kenya’s airwaves because it is the country’s first and so far only 24-hour channel. It has got the most news and the most features on Kenya’s TV scene. It also boasts a young and enterprising news gathering and editing teams eager to not only make a mark on Kenya’s journalism, but also use the news to make an impact on the Kenyan society. K-24 has a sister radio station Kameme FM which broadcasts in Kikuyu, but which has a wide reach. (viii) Magazines Since the Weekly Review and Economic Review folded, the former in 2000 and the latter several years earlier, Kenya has not had an authoritative business and political analytical magazine. However, the media landscape is rich with a variety of magazines that address among
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others issues parenting, relationships, travel, food, tourism, conferencing, leisure, automobiles, beauty, modeling and wellness, lifestyle name it. There are also foreign magazines which are distributed by the NMG and the Standard Group. They include international tiles such as Time and NewsWeek, The Economist, GQ, Vanity Fair, New Yorker, etc. (ix) Alternative Press Depending on one’s take on them, they also exist what have come to be called gutter publications or the alternative press in Kenya. They are loathed and feared for their tendency of going after personalities with intention of bringing people down or hurting their reputations. But they are also touted as carrying information that mainstream media frown upon or try to catch up with later. They are contemptuously referred to as the Gutter press.
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Some of them however, have a useful role in the development of the media in Kenya and are referred to as the Alternative Press. These are credited with bringing out stories that mainstream media ignore or deliberately sidestep. These publications are often weeklies and tend to mushroom at a time of heightened political activity. (e) Cross media ownership Kenya allows for cross media ownership; that is, the media houses are free to own and run print and broadcast media. It also means that a media house can have newspapers as well as magazines, tabloids as well as middle and up-market titles as well as radio, TV and online publications. The question this raises is whether it is in the interests of the Kenyan society that one media house has such signiďŹ cant inuence in what the people read, hear and watch. (f) Community media This is also an emerging trend in media in Kenya and has began with radio. A community
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radio station is one that is run for the community and by the community and, most important, it is not run for proďŹ t. By saying the community runs the station, it is meant that it is represented in the organs that make decisions regarding the stations broadcasts.
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3 - Structure of Media Editorial structures at most media houses – print and broadcast - are largely similar; the difference may be in detail according to the size of the house’s operation. On the boards sit editorial directors who are the custodians of the editorial policies of the respective media houses and who advise the boards on matters editorial. The editorial directors in turn have under them editors who run the day-to-day affairs of the titles or radio and TV stations in their respective stables. Where there are many titles, such as at NMG, there is a group managing editor to who report the managing editors of the respective titles. At the big media houses, there are minor variations of the structure, designations, functions and responsibilities of media house leaders.
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At the Standard Group Limited, there is the Group Chief Editor who supervises the managing editors of The Standard (the daily editions) and The Standard on Saturday and The Standard on Sunday (that is the weekend editions) and KTN. At the NMG, the broadcast side – radio and TV – head of news is independent of the print chief. Over at KBC, the editor-in-chief is in charge of radio and TV. Below is a brief description of the various designations and their functions and responsibilities in media houses. (a) The Newsroom (i) Managing Editor A managing editor is in charge of a respective title and decides what the paper will cover, how it will cover the stories, what the editorial position of the paper will be and all this in line with the title’s or media house’s editorial policy. Radio and TV stations, too, depending on their management styles could have managing editors for the editing and production of their news programmes, current affairs, talk shows or logistics.
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(ii) Desk Editors Each title has several segments or departments or desks whose content is assigned space according to the importance the titles places on the said section. In print and broadcast there is what media call hard news (national and regional) and features pages, for example. There are sports, business, entertainment, international, political, youth or women pages which are run by desks that go by titles similar to the desks or departments. Some titles have magazines which seek to attract young, women or business-leaning readership. (iii) Reporting Teams The desks or magazines as in radio and TV are led by editors and under them are the reporting and editing teams. The latter are responsible for editing the stories and designing the pages or bulletins for radio and TV. It is the reporting teams which chase or follow stories, cover news conferences, carry out interviews with news
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sources and news makers and file their reports (stories) that are then edited and passed fit or found unfit for publication. The reporting teams are often the faces of media houses. It is they who have bylines (names) to the stories and pictures in newspapers or print media in general. It is they who are seen on TV covering events making the news and interviewing the news makers or those affected by the events in question and it is their voices that are heard on radio as they report or interview or offer opinions when asked by their editors or anchors. A reporter’s chief asset is his/her news sources. The more they are, the more reliable they are and the more widespread they are, the bigger the reporter will be in the respective media house, among his/her peers and in the fraternity. It follows that it is important that those who seek to use the media need to make the acquaintance of reporters and editors, have their contacts and keep in touch with them.
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(iv) Editing Teams The editing teams, especially on newspapers rarely are in the limelight, but their importance cannot be gainsaid. On the TV side, a reporter edits his or her own story, taking into account the directions of the editor. These desks or departments also exit on the radio and TV stations and follow much the same process, the difference being that radio and TV stories are timed to the second. They are shorter where print editors have space to run longer stories. (v) The News Desk A typical day in a print or broadcast newsroom will begin with reporters coming in and heading straight for the News Desk or their respective desks to ďŹ nd out what the news of the day is what events are on and what they have been assigned. This is likely to be followed by a conference at which the News Editor or respective desk editor leads the team in discussing the way forward, possible scoops, follow up stories, investigative stories etc.
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(vi) Editors Conference There is also an editors’ meeting which reviews the papers or radio and TV bulletins of the previous day and compares with the competition’s and decides on the day’s coverage. In print and broadcast the nerve centre of the media house’s editorial operation is the News Desk and everything happens in the news room (b) Offices to know in media houses (i) Editorial director: Top most office in editorial, the key and core department in a media organization (ii) Editor-in-Chief: The topmost editor in charge of more than one title and or broadcast news outlets (iii) Managing Editor: the editor who is in charge of a title or radio or TV programming (iv) News Editor: His or her station is called the News Desk. This is the nerve centre of a news operation, the most important desk in a news room.
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v) Reporters/reporting teams: The journalists who cover the news, features, sports, current affairs etc and who often are more recognizable than the rest of the news people. vi) Editing/Subbing teams: The journalists, who edit/sub, design and lay out the newspapers pages, TV and radio news. (vi) Other desks: The various sections of a title, radio or TV newsroom, each of which (sports, News, Features, etc) are led by an editor.
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PART II
1-The Media - A two-edged sword Whatever the contact on whatever level, from your standpoint, any dealing with the radio, television, or the print medium is important.[Because it can be your blessing or your curse] _____John wade [Dealing Effectively with the Media]
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all it a love hate relationship, an evil neither of the two can do without. But the relationship between Members of Parliament (MP) and the media is symbiotic. Neither can do without the other. Members of Parliament need the media and the media needs members of Parliament. For how else would the work of MPs be seen other than through the media? On the other hand, how would the media fare without Parliament? How would it fulďŹ ll its
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watchdog role which is mostly facilitated by watching the people’s representatives? The media would be the poorer for it if they were to be unable to access and report the business of Parliament and parliamentarians. Facts • A Member of Parliament is a public figure. The line between their public and private lives is very thin • S/he is a leader with a big following in the constituency (elected by majority) • S/he is constantly watched and under scrutiny by the public • The public expectation on him/her is very high in all areas • You are accountable to the public at all times (tough but real) Majority of your constituents have never had a personal encounter with you. Some of them know you from those who have had some personal interaction with you (negative or positive) or from hearsay.
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But generally, the “You” that most people will ever get to know will be defined by the media. Majority of them know you from the media which, watches you. It keeps its eyes and ears trained on you consistently. It watches on behalf of the public. And it does not just watch, it reports and amplifies what it sees and hears through its various channels. (a) Dealing with the media Different media report you differently and from different perspectives, languages and angles depending on their house policy, focus and relationship with you. It reports your public actions, utterances and activities whether private or public. The media is interested in your various roles and how you carry them out. It is interested in your quality (the mettle you are made of), your contribution locally nationally and internally. It watches and reports the way you relate with your colleagues and what your motivations and driving power is in your service delivery. The media keeps
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an integrity barometer and blows the whistle whenever that barometer shows the danger sign. Therefore, it is important that you be aware of the many eyes watching you. You chose public life. It has its consequences. You must therefore: • Always be conscious of you how you appear in public in term of your presentation, packaging and behaviour • Watch what you say in public at all times • Be alert at all times. You never know who is hearing you • Watch where you go • Watch who you associate (deal) with • Be aware how you conduct business As indicated earlier, most of your constituents know you only through the media. The way the media portrays you is therefore very important. Therefore, it goes without saying that one of the most important things you should do as an MP is cultivate a mutually beneficial relationship
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with the media. As is often said, the media can make or break you. And the choice lays with you. (b) Making contact with the media It is important to establish a good rapport with the media. This rapport must be targeted so that you deal only with the people who are useful to you. As stated above, make sure that you have contacts with the media managers who are the decision makers – they are the people who allocate space or time for your story on TV, radio or print media. They include the Editor in Chief, Line editors, Chief Sub-Editor and Senior Staff writers. (c) Sustaining relationship with the media Journalists like to know that you do not just make contacts with them only when YOU need them. You need to nurture a relationship that is based on mutual respect. Remember they are professionals. Keep them updated on what you are doing in your parliamentary work as well as on your thoughts on current discourses. A cup of tea once in a while can work some magic.
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Journalists are a valuable resource to you in more ways than one – keep them close to you.
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2-Dos and Don’ts Every MP needs to know how to best use the media. It is not the frequency of press conferences, issuance of press statements or interaction of the media that ensures positive visibility of the MP. Rather, it is the efďŹ cient and effective use of the media which is guided by a clear knowledge of the media, how it works, its structures, points of decisions making and its time lines (deadlines are critical in any newsroom).
(a) General information
There are various things and MP should acquaint themselves with in order to be able to use the media effectively. Some are of a general nature while others are particular. Below is a list of the general an MP mustknow. (i) Ensure you (have a list) know all the local and foreign media (houses) in the country (ii) Know which are community, local, regional, national and international
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(iii) Are they print or electronic media (radio, TV or new media-web related) (iv) If print, know the frequency of their newspapers, magazines etc and their deadlines (v) If TV or radio, ensure you have a schedule of their programmes and their presenters (vi) Know where they are physically located (headquarters and bureaux), all their telephone numbers (ďŹ xed and otherwise), addresses (box numbers, emails and websites) (vii) Know what language they communicate in (local, national or international) (h) Know their focus (subjects of interest e.g. politics, economy, family, agriculture, sports etc) (i) Know their target audience (men, women, young or old people, urban, rural, lower, middle or high society etc) (j) Ensure you have a clear picture of the structure of the media house (where does power lie, who makes decisions, etc)
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(k) Get a list of useful contacts in the media house (editors, reporters, photographers and correspondents) (l) Ensure you have a clear knowledge of how the media works (b) Encounter with the media Whether your encounter with the media will be a blessing or a curse depends on your attitude to the encounter, your understanding of the media, the subject at hand, your preparedness and your behaviour during and after the encounter. It is important that you acquaint yourself with some basics on media and journalists generally and in particular. It is offensive for you to keep calling the journalist a wrong name or refer to his/her media house wrongly. It will also help if you have some knowledge on what media is likely to pick from you. Knowing what is likely to make news is helpful. It is commonly said that when “dog bites man� it is not news. But when a “man bites a
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dog� it makes news. It is the unusual. Always keep this in mind when talking to the media. News values 1. Controversy 2. Prominence 3. Bizarre 4. Novelty 5. Intensity 6. Proximity 7. Numbers Remember that: - Every encounter with the media is important - The media are the leading shapers of public opinion - Every encounter with the media is an opportunity to market yourself (i) Media Interview You need to know that practically every media encounter for you will be some form of interview. You may be required to make
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a short comment on some event/issues, be the sole guest on a one -hour radio or TV call in programme, be interviewed for a personality profile in a newspaper supplement or be part of a talk show involving other participant etc. You also need to know: • That media people often record even what you say or do off-guard • That your impact on TV ,especially on a live broadcast, depends on your total personality • Have everything in order: your words your appearance, and your attitude • That in print interview , you need very good rapport with the interviewer your impact will depend a lot on how she /he / he portrays • That of the three media (print, Radio TV) radio gives you the best chance of passing your message in detail (especially if it is live) • TV emphasizes personality print is often over-edited
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(ii) Preparation for an Interview A live TV interview is the most challenging and the most rewarding in terms of impact. But for TV, radio or print, your performance depends on your preparation. Therefore when contacted: • Verify the persons identify • Be courteous if you are not available for the interview ( give a good reason) • Establish the type of interview required • Learn as mush as you can about the interviewer, programme, media house, subject , other participants (if there are) • Prepare your looks, your ideas ( generally) and your personality (be positive) (iii) The Interview No matter how well you have prepared you will be under pressure in most media interviews. Your most important strategy is to master the art of thinking on your feet.
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DOs • • • • • •
• • • •
•
Be punctual Dress for the occasion (whites are not good for studio lights) Relax Be positive Be cordial and co-operative Be prepared with all possible details that you require to make your case (think what, when, who, why, where and how of the issue at stake) Anticipate the kind of questions you are likely to be asked Come prepared with a fact sheet or statement Speak at a measured pace; never rush through your statement in a breathless marathon Affirm the information you give with vivid examples to illustrate your point; make sure you have a sprinkling of quotable quotes If you don’t have the information with you, offer to get back to the journalists with the additional information
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•
•
• • •
• •
•
•
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Be patient and resist the temptation to snap at journalists even when you think they are asking irrelevant questions Refuse to be drawn into extra-curricular questions that have nothing to do with your press conference Be polite and remind them why you are holding this press conference Be consistent in your message Try and get to know the journalists by name, it helps the bonding process and they get flattered that you actually know them Come with a list of useful contacts/references vis-à-vis the issue at stake Keep it brief enough to communicate what you need to convey, but not so brief that you don’t give enough information to sell your agenda Dress the part; flowery, eye-catching and dramatic effects tend to distract people from your message and draw attention to yourself Look the camera in the eye, it gives the impression of confidence in yourself and
what you are doing (but an occasional glance, even smiling moment, at the interviewer also gives the impression that you are confident in your own skin) When the question is tricky /difficult: • Think of a suitable response, not always an answer • Buy time with a pause, a non-verbal gesture, a long explanation, repeating the question etc. • Respond only to the part you’re comfortable with • Ask for a repeat , clarification, etc • Reformulate the question and respond to yours Whatever happened during the interview: • Be kind /polite to the other participants even if you had a bad disagreement during the interview • Be good-natured/well-mannered
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Dont’s Do not : • Be over familiar with your interviewer • Gesticulate • Guffaw during a TV interview measured laughter is okay • Discriminate against some media houses, even when they have been less than friendly to you before • Get into an exchange of words, especially on matters outside your agenda for the day • Be so short on information that you look like you have not done your homework • Get emotional and abusive, even if the press conference is being held to rebut an accusation made elsewhere; you lose your cool and you might even give your enemies more ammunition to fight you with • Lecture journalists or become patronizing, even when they ask stupid questions
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•
•
•
Offer them incentives/kitu kidogo. Just make sure you have a compelling story to tell and they will eat out of your hands! Say anything off-guard that you wouldn’t want to be reported (especially in a print interview) Use the phrase “No comment? This raises certain questions: Are you guilty of something? Why can’t you comment? Explain in good friendly fashion why you cannot comment.
(ii) Press conference Press conferences are organized by a person who has something to tell the world. The person chooses the medium to use and the information to give depending on where they are located and the language to use.
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Dos While press conferences may look easy to organize, there are some issues to take into consideration while preparing for the event. They include: • Hold the press conference at a friendly easy to access venue with ample space • The venue should be well-lit or with adequate power outlets for press equipment • The venue should have good acoustics • There should be a press release and a statement to read at the press conference and any other documents needed to illuminate the subject • Copies of the press release/statement and any other information required by journalists • Clear identification of the person addressing the press conference • Have only those people that add value to the issue at hand at the table • Your message should be short, concise and address the most important issues as quickly as
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possible (ii) (a) Press release Print editors and journalists are notoriously overworked and underpaid. A well-written news release will often be used word for word, with maybe a few changes for “objectivity” or to accommodate the publication’s format. A good news release is therefore a concise, complete description of an upcoming event; a timely report of an event has just occurred; notification of important personnel or procedural changes in an organization; or other news or feature tips. Bad releases—the ones that don’t get used— often have these common mistakes: • Lack of a local angle • Insufficient or inaccurate information (who, what, when, where, why, how).
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• •
•
Failure to include contact information for the organization Verbosity. (Try to keep the release to one or two pages, but balance brevity against failure to include necessary information.) Lack of timeliness—the editor’s deadline has passed or the news is released too long after the event.
Writing a news release does not have to be painful. What you need is a little time to gather all the facts: the who, what, when, where, why and how (and any additional information necessary to support). Sometimes your news won’t be used right away or in the form you provided. A writer may need time to rewrite your outline into a news story. The writer may use many sources for depth and objectivity. They may use quotable quotes, first-person anecdotes, statistics, and causes and effects from your releases as well as those of your competitors.
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Deadlines are hugely important because the news media cannot delay publication or broadcasting. Don’t bother editors with untimely information. If you can’t pitch your story in time, wait for another opportune moment to come around. Here are ten tips for writing an acceptable news release. 1.
2.
3.
Use an active headline to grab the editor’s attention - The headline makes your release stand out. Keep the headline short, active, and descriptive, with the most positive spin. Put the most important information at the beginning - This is a tried and true rule of journalism. Remember that the first two paragraphs should contain the salient facts of who, what, when, where, why, and how. Don’t bury good information at the end. Avoid exaggeration and unsubstantiated claims - A news editor can smell a good story
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4.
5.
6.
7.
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a mile away. Instead of making hyperbolic statements, provide real, usable information. Write in an active, engaging, and concise style -Use language that conveys your excitement about the news. If your release is boring or passively written, the editor may conclude the news itself is not very meaningful or you are not a good candidate for an interview. Interesting equals newsworthy. Keep your release to two pages or less. Generally, if you can’t state your message in two pages, you are not getting to the point fast enough. Editors are always looking forconcise, easy-to-read releases that can be squeezed into a leftover space in a page layout. Include a contact. - Every news release should include a contact person who the media can reach for more information. This contact is your spokesperson and must be familiar with all the news in the release. They should be prepared to answer questions. Keep jargon to the minimum - Avoid using
highly technical terms and buzzwords. Complicated language irritates people who don’t know what you mean. Your goal is to tell your story to as wide an audience as possible, not to unduly limit the audience. 8. Stress “benefits, benefits, benefits” - This falls under the category of “show, don’t tell.” Avoid claiming something is “unique” or “the best” when you can’t substantiate this. Instead, provide specific examples of benefits, supported by evidence and anecdotes. 9. Be specific and detailed - Nothing is more irritating than seeing constant references to a thing or somebody’s name, but no information on what the thing is or who the person is (title, designation). The reader needs to be able to get all the information at a glance. 10. Proofread! - This is easily forgotten, but extremely important. Always proofread your work before issuing the final release. Nothing signals unprofessionalism more than a typo-filled
45
communication (b) Talk Shows Talk shows, whether on television or radio, are excellent vehicles for covering a wide variety of topics. Talk shows often invite selected categories of the public and experts to be commentators or participants in a panel discussion. In addition, these shows often have phonein segments, inviting listeners to ask questions or make comments. These characteristics make the talk show an ideal forum for articulating issues of concern as well as raising Parliament’s and its Members visibility For these programs, there is usually a researcher responsible for identifying issues and lining up interesting guests, as well as a producer who coordinates the overall process. Both email and telephone contacts with the researcher and producer are important for those interested. The host, interviewer, or moderator of the show does not usually choose the guests or have ďŹ nal say in who appears. Unless instructed otherwise, contact the producer.
46
Appendix 1
Code of Conduct for the Practice ofJournalism in Kenya 1. Accuracy and Fairness (a) The fundamental objective of a journalist is to write a fair, accurate and an unbiased story on matters of public interest. All sides of the story shall be reported, wherever possible. Comments should be obtained from anyone who is mentioned in an unfavourable context. (b) Whenever it is recognized that an inaccurate, misleading or distorted story has been published or broadcast, it should be corrected promptly. Corrections should present the correct information and should not restate the error except when clarity demands. (c) An apology shall be published or broadcast whenever appropriate in such manner as the Council may specify. (d) When stories fall short on accuracy and fairness, they should not be published. Journalists, while free to be partisan, should distinguish clearly in their reports between comment, conjecture and fact.
47
2. Independence Journalists should defend the independence of all journalists from those seeking influence or control over news content. They should— (a) gather and report news without fear or favour, and vigorously resist undue influence from any outside forces, including advertisers, sources, story, subjects, powerful individuals and special interest groups (b) resist those who would buy or politically influence news content or who would seek to intimidate those who gather and disseminate news. (c) determine news content solely through editorial judgement and not the result of outside influence. 3. Integrity Journalists should present news with integrity and decency, avoiding real or perceived conflicts of interest, and respect the dignity and intelligence of the audience as well as the subjects of news. They should—
48
(a) identify sources whenever possible. ConďŹ dential sources should be used only when it is clearly in public interest to gather or convey important information or when a person providing information might be harmed; (b) clearly label opinion and commentary; (c) use technological tools with skill and thoughtfulness, avoiding techniques that skew facts, distort reality, or sensationalize events; (d) use surreptitious news gathering techniques including hidden cameras or microphones, only if there is no other way of obtaining stories of signiďŹ cant public importance, and if the technique is explained to the audience. 4. Accountability Journalists and all media practitioners should recognize that they are accountable for their actions to the public, the profession and themselves. They should— (a) actively encourage adherence to these standards by all journalists and media practitioners; (b) respond to public concerns, investigate complaints and correct errors promptly;
49
(c) recognise that they are duty-bound to conduct themselves ethically. 5. Opportunity to Reply A fair opportunity to reply to inaccuracies should be given to individuals or organizations when reasonably called for. If the request to correct inaccuracies in a story is in the form of a letter, the editor has the discretion to publish it in full or in its abridged and edited version, particularly when it is too long, but the remainder should be an effective reply to the allegations. 6. Unnamed Sources Unnamed sources should not be used unless the pursuit of the truth will best be served by not naming the source who should be known by the editor and reporter. When material is used in a report from sources other than the reporter’s, these sources should be indicated in the story. 7. ConďŹ dentiality In general, journalists have a professional obligation to protect conďŹ dential sources of information.
50
8. Misrepresentation Journalists should generally identify themselves and not obtain or seek to obtain information or pictures through misrepresentation or subterfuge. Subterfuge can be justiďŹ ed only in the public interest and only when material cannot be obtained by any other means. 9. Obscenity, Taste and Tone in Reporting (a) In general, journalists should avoid publishing obscene, vulgar or offensive material unless such material contains a news value which is necessary in the public interest. (b) In the same vein, publication of photographs showing mutilated bodies, bloody incidents and abhorrent scenes should be avoided unless the publication or broadcast of such photographs will serve the public interest. 10. Paying for News and Articles When money is paid for information, serious questions can be raised about the credibility of that information and the motives of the buyer and the seller. Therefore, in principle, journalists should not receive any money as an incentive to publish any information.
51
11. Covering Ethnic, Religious and Sectarian Conflict (a) News, views or comments on ethnic, religious or sectarian dispute should be published or broadcast after proper verification of facts and presented with due caution and restraint in a manner which is conducive to the creation of an atmosphere congenial to national harmony, amity and peace. (b) Provocative and alarming headlines should be avoided. (c) News reports or commentaries should not be written or broadcast in a manner likely to inflame the passions, aggravate the tension or accentuate the strained relations between the communities concerned. Equally so, articles or broadcasts with the potential to exacerbate communal trouble should be avoided. 12. Recording Interview’s and Telephone Conversations (a) Except in justifiable cases, journalists should not tape or record anyone without the person’s knowledge. An exception may be made only if the recording is necessary to protect
52
the journalist in a legal action or for some other compelling reason. In this context these standards also apply to electronic media. (b) Before recording a telephone conversation for broadcast, or broadcasting a telephone conversation live, a station should inform any party to the call of its intention to broadcast the conversation. This, however, does not apply to conversation whose broadcast can reasonably be presumed, for example, telephone calls to programmes where the station customarily broadcasts calls. 13. Privacy (a) The public’s right to know should be weighed against the privacy rights of people in the news. (b) Journalists should stick to the issues. (c) Intrusion and inquiries into an individual’s private life without the person’s consent are not generally acceptable unless public interest is involved. Public interest should itself be legitimate and not merely prurient or morbid curiosity. Things concerning private affairs are covered by the concept of privacy except where these impinge upon the public.
53
14. Intrusion into Grief and Shock (a) In cases involving personal grief or shock, inquiries should be made with sensitivity and discretion. (b) In hospitals, journalists should identify themselves and obtain permission from a responsible executive before entering non-public areas of hospitals or similar institutions to pursue enquiries. 15. Sex Discrimination Women and men should be treated equally as news subjects and news sources. 16. Financial Journalism (a) Journalists should not use financial information they receive in advance for their own benefit, and should not pass the information to others. (b) Journalists should not write or broadcast about shares, securities and other market instruments in whose performance they know they or their close families have a significant financial interest, without disclosing the interest to the editor.
54
(c) Journalists should not buy or sell, directly or through nominees or agents, shares or securities and other market 17. Letters to the Editor An editor who decides to open a column on a controversial subject is not obliged to publish all the letters received in regard to that subject. The editor may select and publish only some of them either in their entirety or the gist thereof. However, in exercising this right, the editor should make an honest attempt to ensure that what is published is not one-sided but presents a fair balance between the pros and the cons of the principal issue. The editor shall have the discretion to decide at which point to end the debate in the event of a rejoinder upon rejoinder by two or more parties on a controversial subject. 18. Protection of Children Children should not be identiďŹ ed in cases concerning sexual offences, whether as victims, witnesses or defendants. Except in matters of public interest, for example, cases of child abuse or abandonment, journalists should not normally interview or photograph children on subjects involving their personal welfare in the absence, or without the consent, of a parent or other adult who is responsible for the
55
children. Children should not be approached or photographed while at school and other formal institutions without the permission of school authorities. In adhering to this principle, a journalist should always take into account specific cases of children in difficult circumstances. 19. Victims of Sexual Offences The media should not identify victims of sexual assault or publish material likely to contribute to such identification. Such publications do not serve any legitimate journalistic or public need and may bring social opprobrium to the victims and social embarrassment to their relations, family, friends, community, religious order and to the institutions to which they belong. 20. Use of Pictures and Names As a general rule, the media should apply caution in the use of pictures and names and should avoid publication when there is a possibility of harming the persons concerned.
56
Manipulation of pictures in a manner that distorts reality should be avoided. Pictures of grief, disaster and those that embarrass and promote sexism should be discouraged. 21. Innocent Relatives and Friends The media should generally avoid identifying relatives or friends of persons convicted or accused of crime unless the reference to them is necessary for the full, fair and accurate reporting of the crime or legal proceedings. 22. Acts of Violence The media should avoid presenting acts of violence, armed robberies, banditry and terrorist activities in a manner that gloriďŹ es such antisocial conduct. Also, newspapers should not allow their columns to be used for writings which tend to encourage or glorify social evils, warlike activities, ethnic, racial or religious hostilities. 23. Editor’s Responsibilities The editor shall assume the responsibility for all content, including advertisements, published in a newspaper. If responsibility is disclaimed, this shall be explicitly stated before hand.
57
24. Advertisements The editor should not allow any advertisement which is contrary to any aspect of this Code of Conduct. In this regard, and to the extent applicable, the editor should be guided by the Advertiser’s Code of Conduct. 25. Hate Speech Quoting persons making derogatory remarks based on ethnicity, race, creed, colour and sex shall be avoided. Racist or negative ethnic terms should be avoided. Careful account should be taken of the possible effect upon the ethnic or racial group concerned, and on the population as a whole, and of the changes in public attitudes as to what is and what is not acceptable when using such terms.
58
Useful Media Contacts
Appendix 2
Print Media NAME
PUBLICATION
TELEPHONE
BOX NUMBER
EMAIL/WEBSITE
Nation Newspaper - Sunday Nation 3288000 - Saturday Nation - The East African - Taifa Leo - Taifa Jumapili - Daily Metro
49010-00100, newsdesk@nation.co.ke Nairobi www.nation.co.ke
Standard Newspaper
30080-00100, editorial@eastandard. Nairobi net www.eastandard.net
- Sunday Standard 3222111 - Financial Standard - Saturday Standard
People Daily
- People Daily - Sunday People
Kenya Times
310727 - Sunday Times - Saturday Times
Nairobi Star
2253168 2249686
10296-00100 Nairobi
kalamkanews.yahoo. com
43800-00100, Nairobi
kenyatimes@times news.co.ke www.timesnews.co.ke editorial@kenyatimes online.net news@nairobistar.com
59
Electronic Media NAME
TELEPHONE
P.O. BOX
EMAIL/WEBSITE news@ktnkenya.com www.eastandard.net
Kenya Television Network (KTN)
3222111
30080-00100, Nairobi
Nation Television (NTV)
3288000 49010-
00100, Nairobi
newsdesk@nation.co.ke www.nation.co.ke
Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC)
318823, 2223757
30456-00100, Nairobi kbcnews@swiftkenya.
co.ke news@kbc.co.ke
Citizen TV
2721415 2721416
7468-00100, Nairobi
www.royalmedia.co.ke
60
Appendix 3
DIRECTORY OF MEDIA HOUSES AND INSTITUTIONS IN KENYA - 2009 Media Houses Contacts TELEPHONE
LICENSEE
CALL SIGN
Abeingo Fm Networking SHG
Ambwere 020-3590662 Hossana Fm P.O. Box 280550100 KAKAMEGA Complex, Kisumu Webuye Rd
Africa Gospel Church
Injili Studions
P.O. BOX 458 20200 KERICHO
off Kisumu 0361-20952 Rd
Biblia Husema Broadcasting
Biblia
P. O. BOX 4501900100 NAIROBI
Upper Hill Road
Bondo Community Multimedia
Bondo Com- P.O. BOX munity 1414-00502
Bridge Media Ltd.
Hombeboyz P.O. BOX 49925 Radio
British Broadcast- BBC ing Corporation East Africa Bureau
ADDRESS
P. O. BOX 58621 00200 NAIROBI
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
0722315765, 2728304
NAIROBI Ndori Township, Rarieda 0722-298907 00100 NAIROBI Baricho rd Lonrho 020-20229110 Africa Hse, Standard Street
EMAIL hossanartv@yahoo.com
agc@africaonline.co.ke radio_kenya@ yahoo.com
-
-
joachim.harris@bbc.co.uk
61
LICENSEE
CALL SIGN
ADDRESS
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
TELEPHONE
CAPITAL GROUP LIMITED
CAPITAL FM, CNBC TV
P. O. BOX 74933 00200 NAIROBI
Lonrho Africa Hse, 19th Floor -Standard Street
2210020, 2210418
info@capitalfm. co.ke
CHINA RADIO INTERNATIONAL (CRI)
CRI
16 Shijingshan Road Beijing CHINA 100040
Broadcast- 020-334567 ing House, Harry Thuku Rd
CHRIST COWORKERS FELLOWSHIP (CHRISCO)
CHRISCO
P.O. BOX 3281800600, NAIROBI
Kapcheptoror, Kericho
CHRIST IS THE ANSWER MINI STRIES (NAIROBI PENTECOSTAL CHURCH)
HOPE FM
P. O. BOX 4225400100 NAIROBI
28 Valley Road
020-2722092/ admin@citam.org 020-2723208
COMMUNITY BROADCAST SERVICES
CBS
P.O. BOX 3246 40100 KISUMU
Webuye town
057-2020621, 0721355279
DANSTEV MOUNT KENYA BROADCASTING
DANSTEV
P.O. BOX 216810100, NYERI
Muchatha, Kiambaa
061-2032013/ dmkbroadcast@ 2034196 yahoo.com
DAYSTAR UNIVERSITY
SHINE FM
P. O. BOX 44400 00100 NAIROBI
Athi River 020-2723002 Campusoff Mombasa road
62
0723-568325
-
npo@chrisco fellowship.com
worphan@ hotmail.com
-
CALL SIGN ADDRESS
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
Milele Fm
P.O. BOX 44665 00100 NAIROBI
Mvuli Road, 0722 179639 Westlands
Dominion Dominion Central Communi- Central cations
P.O. BOX 750–80300 VOI
Voi town
LICENSEE Digitopia Ltd.
0202058735, 0722 694545
EMAIL samboja@ milelefm.co.ke -
GeoCentre, 020-2025877, 0723-961278 8th Floor -Matumbato road
cnguku@ ebckenya.com
P.O. BOX 51498 00200 NAIROBI Town Plaza, Machakos Town
044-21079 -
-
P.O. BOX 78751 00100 NAIROBI
Transna020-337884 tional Bank Plaza, City Hall Way
-
Eastern Broadcast- Mbaitu Fm 9035-00200 P. O. BOX NAIROBI ing Corporation Limited Eastern Communi- Eastern cations Systems Communication
TELEPHONE
EATN
EATN
Faith Ministries and Churches Iternational
Faith Minis- P.O. BOX 479, KERICHO tries
Silver Cin- 052-20213 ema Kericho Town
-
Feba Fm
Baraka Fm
Kayahwe Rd 020-5753611 Off Dennis Pritt Rd
febaradio@ maf.or.ke
Futuretech Electronics Limited
FAMILY TV, P. O. BOX 35291 FAMILY FM 00200 NAIROBI
Baricho Road, 020-4200000 KCB Bldg,
admin@ familykenya.com
P. O. BOX 4926200100 NAIROBI
63
LICENSEE
CALL SIGN
ADDRESS
GARISSA FM
GARISSA FM
P.O. Box 322400506 NAIROBI
GO COMMUNICATIONS LTD
BAHASHA FM
P.O. BOX 288700100 NAIROBI
PHYSICAL TELEPHONE ADDRESS Bunyala Rd 0727-213 939 Industrial area Canaan riv- 0722-298907 erside drive -Baricho rd
EMAIL -
munene@ bahasha.com
INTERNATIONAL VOA BROADCASTING BUREAU VOA REGIONAL OFFICE
P. O. BOX 63170 00619 NAIROBI
Chester House, Koinange Street
267-261-0932 manager_botswana @bot.ibb.gov
INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN’S MISSION
JESUS IS LORD
P. O. BOX 12951 20100 NAKURU
Njoro Rd. Nakuru
037-851570
INTERNATIONAL CHRISTIAN MINISTRIES
IMANI RADIO
P.O Box 128430200 KITALE
Water works 054-30438 / Road, ICM 31283 building Kitale
P.O. BOX 1284 30200 KITALE
0721-639844/ smairori@icmWater works Road, 020-2737961 intl.org ICM building Kitale
INTERNATIONAL ICM CHRISTIAN MINISTRIES- KAPENGURIA
icm@multitech web.com imanifmradio @yahoo.com
IQRA BROADCASTING NETWORK
IQRA FM
P. O. BOX 21186-00505 NAIROBI
Kilimani rd, 3861542 off Elgeyo Marakwet rd 020-
iqrafm@bidii.com
KALEE LIMITED
KASS FM
P. O. BOX 25636 00603 NAIROBI
Dennis Pritt 020-3871189 rd
joshua@ adgroup.co.ke
64
LICENSEE
CALL SIGN
Kenya Broadcasting Corporation
KBC Various stations
ADDRESS P. O. BOX 30456 00100 NAIROBI
PHYSICAL TELEPHONE ADDRESS Broadcast- 020-334567 ing House, Harry Thuku Rd Mji wa Fu- 020-8561457 raha, Thika Road
EMAIL -
Kenya Episcopal Radio Conference Catho- Waumini lic Secretariat
P. O. BOX 13475 00800 NAIROBI
Kenya Institute of KIMC Mass Communications
P.O. BOX 42422
00100, NAIROBI South B Nairobi
Kenya Metrological MET Department
P.O. BOX 30259 00100 NAIROBI
Ngong 020-567880 Road, Kenya Headquarters
Kenya Television Network Baraza Limited
KTN
P. O. BOX 56985 I&M Bank 020-3222111, jopiyo@easta - 00100 NAIROBI Towers 0722-484265 ndard.net Kenyatta Avenue
KE-WI Media
KEWI
P.O. BOX 16967 00100 NAIROBI
Kitambo Communications Ltd.
Classic 105 P. O. BOX 56155 00200 NAIROBI
Esibwali building, KisumuBusia Rd
020-551555
057-2025784
csk@users. africaonline.co.ke
pkimc@kiomc.org
director@ meteo.go.ke
-
(020) 4244000 Bishop’s Tower 4th Floor, Bishop’s Road, Nairobi
65
LICENSEE
CALL SIGN
Koch Fm
Koch Fm
P.O. BOX 44427 00100, NAIROBI
Lancia Media
Oxygen Tv
P.O. BOX 48445 00100, NAIROBI
Lingam Enterprises East Fm Limited
ADDRESS
P. O. BOX 3236400600 NAIROBI
PHYSICAL TELEPHONE ADDRESS Korogocho 612736 Chief’s Camp 0721 Unga House, 020-3744245, Westlands 0723618075 Baricho road, Ellies Bldg+E76
020-533777, 531759
Mang’elete Com- Project P. O. BOX 304 MTI- RD. MTITO 020-721076, munity Integrated Mang’elete TO ANDEI 90128 ANDEI 020-721099 Development NTHONGONI Maseno University
P.O. Private Bag MASENO
Multichoice Mobile Tv
DMTV
020-4442614 P.O Box 60406 Karuna - 00200 NAIROBI Road, Westlands
Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology
MMUST
P.O. BOX 190 KAKAMEGA 50100
Masinde Muliro University, Kakamega
Nation Media Group Limited
Easy Fm, NTV
P. O. BOX 49010 00100 NAIROBI
Nation Cen- 020-3288000 tre, Kimathi Street
Neural Digital
Radio Umoja
P.O. BOX 78751 00100 NAIROBI
Riverside Drive
66
Maseno University
-
Maseno University
056-30686/ 31375
020-3508340
EMAIL kochfm@gmail.com
lanciamedia@ gmail.com info@swiftki sumu.com econews @web.net
fkyengo@kenya. multichoice .co.za vc@mmust.co.ke
nation@africao nline.co.ke radioumoja@ gmail.com
TELEPHONE
046-3332
nepmedia@ yahoo.com
Dunga Beach LV Centre
057-2023487
osienala@swift kisumu.com
P.O. BOX 7021900400, NAIROBI
Kibera Chief’s Camp
-
-
Prophase
P.O. BOX 8156 00200 NAIROBI
Uhuru High- 020-555688 way, Plessey Bldg, Nairobi
Radio Aafrica Limited
Kiss Fm
P. O. BOX 74497 00200
NAIROBI Lion PlaceWaiyaki Way
Radio Holdings International
RHI
P.O. BOX 10651 00100 NAIROBI
Radio France International
RFI
116 AVENUE, DU PRESIDENT KENNEDY, 75016
Delux Court 020-2213495 -Kandara road, Kileleshwa PARIS, (+) 33 1 France 44308931 French Embassy, Monrovia Street
LICENSEE
CALL SIGN
ADDRESS
North Eastern Media and Telecommunications Ltd.
Star Fm & Tv
P.O. BOX 68351 00622 NAIROBI
Osienala (Friends of Lake Victoria)
Radio Lake Victoria
P. O. BOX 4580 40103 KISUMU
Pamoja Development Centre
Pamoja
Prophase Marketing
PHYSICAL ADDRESS Garissa Dadaab
info@prophase. co.ke
(020) 4244000 -
info@rhi.co.ke
-
67
LICENSEE Radio Maria Kenya Radio One (IPP) Limited Regional Reach Limited Reto Women Association
PHYSICAL TELEPHONE ADDRESS 060-31254 Plessey P.O. BOX 734 Radio House, MURANG’A Maria Uhuru High10200 way, Nairobi -Upper Hill 2219349 East African 163 DARES SARadio LAAM TANZANIA road P. O. BOX Rahimtulla House 255-22P. O. BOX 49640 Longonot 020-217963 Kameme 00200 NAIROBI Place, Nairobi1 Bomas of RETO P.O. BOX 7210020-890963 00100, NAIROBI Kenya, Langata CALL SIGN
ADDRESS
EMAIL -
ipp@raha.com Rreach@form _net.com retoassoc@ yahoo.com
Rahma Broadcast- Rahma ing Ltd. Radio
P.O. BOX 16735 MOMBASA
Rockwall plaza, Standard Street, Mkomani
0727-078602/ enrico@goldroc 020-3548353 kkenya.com
Royal Media Services Limited
Citizen Tv, Citizen Fm
P. O. BOX 7468 00300 NAIROBI
ternetk.com 2721415/6, 2718506/7 citizen@clubin
Sarakasi Trust
Ghetto FM
P.O. BOX 33339 00600, NAIROBI
Communications Place -Maalim Juma Road Shan House, off Ngara Rd
Sauti Communica- Sauti tions Ltd.
68
P. O. BOX 6384
020-555894
-
Loita House, 020-316778 11th Floor, (Baricho Rd)Loita Street
-
LICENSEE
CALL SIGN
Sauti ya Mwananchi Radio and Television Limited
P.O. BOX 1929Sauti ya Mwananchi 20100, NAKURU
Sauti ya Pwani
Pwani Fm
P.O. BOX 22640 00400, NAIROBI
Sauti ya Rehema RTV Network
SAYARE
P. O. BOX 4139 30100 ELDORET
Seventh-Day Adventist Church (Baraton University)
Baraton
P.O. BOX 2500 ELDORET
Seventh-Day Adventist Church
SDA
P.O. BOX 42276 00100 NAIROBI
Seventh-Day SDA Adventist Church Nyamira Nyamira Conference Sirwo Enterprises Sirwo Enterprises Ltd.
ADDRESS
P.O. BOX 285, NYAMIRA
P.O. BOX 45897 00100 NAIROBI
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
TELEPHONE
Highview building NakuruSubukia Road Maendeleo Hse, Loita Street Gulab Lochab building - Oginga Oginga street
020-3552533
sautiyamwana nchi@hotmail .com
020-245384
info@sarakasi .co.ke
053-2062252, 2061431
customercare@ sayaretvn.com
University 053-52625 of Eastern Africa Baraton East Africa 020-728379 Union, Milimani Road East Africa 020-728379 Union, Milimani Road
-
Hazina Towers, Monrovia Street
vanguard@ nairobinet.com
020-245368
eaudir@eau. adventist.org eaudir@eau. adventist.org
69
LICENSEE
CALL SIGN
Slums Information SIDAREC Development & Resource Centres (SIDAREC)
ADDRESS P.O. BOX 9687 00300, NAIROBI NACICO PLAZA,
PHYSICAL ADDRESS Landies Rd
TELEPHONE
020-2246961
sidarec@kenya web.co.ke
Southern Hills Development Agency
Kaya Fm
P.O. BOX 38929 00623 NAIROBI
St Paul’s United Theological College
ST PAUL’S UNIVERSITY
0728-669000, vc@stpauls P.O. PRIVATE BAG- ST PAUL’S UNIVER020-2020505/10 limuru.ac.ke 00217, LIMURU SITY, Limuru
Stangy Boyz Promotionz Limited
Sound Asia P. O. BOX 12505 00400 NAIROBI
View Park 219220 Towers,21st Floor -Monrovia street
Star Radio & Tv Network
Star Radio 40200 KISII P.O. BOX 12 Hospital Rd, Ser-
engeti Bldg newstartvkenya @hotmail.com Kisii 058-721076
TBN Family Media Limited
Family Tv, Family Fm
P. O. BOX 233000202 NAIROBI
Dik Dik 020-4240000 Gardens off Mandera Rd Kileleshwa
admin@family kenya.com
Toads Media Group Limited
Radia Simba
P. O. BOX 4392900100 NAIROBI
020-3877904 Pango la Simba HouseJames Gichuru road
samdany@ radiosimba.co.ke
70
Kwale Town 0727-773665
-
info@sound asiafm.com
LICENSEE
CALL SIGN
ADDRESS
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
TELEPHONE 0722510630, 7217674
Tony Msalame Productions Limited
Sheki Fm
P. O. BOX 76611 00508 NAIROBI
Ngong Road, Nairobi
Transworld Radio
TWR
P.O Box 21514 00505 Nairobi
020-3873938/ Kamburu 0203873920 Drice, off Ngong Road
Universal Broadcasting
Pulse Fm
P.O. BOX 16735 MOMBASA
Mkomani Rd. Nyali Mombasa
Unjiru TV
UTV Radia P. O. BOX
458 - 00515 NAIROBI Forest
Rd, Nairobi 786722, 0722-805653 020-
-
P.O. BOX 490 WAJIR
227223 ALRMP Office, Wajir
-
Wajir Community WCR Radio
041-476721
-
trw@trw.co.ke
umoja@ikenya.com
West Media
West Fm
P.O. BOX 17785 00500 NAIROBI
ACK Garden 020-65266 Hse, 2nd flr Wing C, Nairobi
info@westfm.co.ke
Word of Truth Ministries
Fish Fm
P.O. BOX 3608 30100 ELDORET
020-728782 Limo Hse Hospital Rd, Eldoret
wtm@umsg.org
Yepchinit
F.M. Radio Yepchinit Fm
P.O. BOX 337 20210, SOTIK
Kapletundo, 459.00 Sotik Rd $736,501,
-
71
72
73
74