Samanfatting og vedlegg by Mediebruket

SAMANFATTING I perioden 4. mai til 9. oktober 2009 blei det gjennomført kulturminneregistreringar langsmed den planlagde kraftlinja 420 kV ”Ørskog – Fardal”. Samla brukte feltarbeidarane 378 dagsverk i felt og 107 dagsverk til rapportarbeid. I tillegg har det vore tilsett ein eigen prosjektleiar over ein periode på 10 månader. Rapporten er delt opp etter kvar einskild kommune. Kraftlinjetraseen går over ei strekning på ca. 220 km, men tilleggsregistreringar over alternative traséval har ført til eit omfang på nærare 250 km. Traseen omfattar 11 kommunar og går på tvers av fylket frå Sogndal i sør til Eid i nord. Det har i tillegg blitt registrert langsmed aktuelle anleggsvegar, og på områda for dei fire planlagde trafostasjonane i Fardal, Høyanger, Moskog og Ålfoten. Kulturminneregistreringane har vore gjennomført ved hjelp av overflateregistrering. Dette betyr at det vil vere trong for tilleggsregistreringar ved hjelp av maskinell flateavdekking på nokre område. Dei store distansane som prosjektet omfattar har ført til visse utfordringar i høve til logistikk og infrastruktur. Dette gjeld spesielt avsidesliggande fjellparti, og eit tidvis bratt og uframkomeleg terreng. I løpet av registreringane blei 160 lokalitetar dokumenterte i 10 kommunar. 109 av lokalitetane er såkalla etterreformatoriske kulturminne, medan dei andre strekkjer seg over eit tidsrom frå eldre steinalder til seinmiddelalder. Dei 51 lokalitetane frå førreformatorisk tid er automatisk freda, jamfør kml § 4 og 6. Såkalla etterreformatoriske kulturminne (etter år 1537) er ikkje automatisk freda etter kml. Kulturminne frå nyare tid kan likevel vurderast til å ha stor verneverdi og representere viktige kulturhistoriske verdiar. Dette må vurderast for kvart einskild kulturminne/kulturminnemiljø. I plansamanheng er det vanleg at kulturminne frå nyare tid blir regulerte til framtidig bevaring. Dei kan også fredast etter vedtak, jamfør kml § 15 og 19. I tillegg kan kulturminnemiljø fredast etter kml § 20.

LITTERATUR Amundsen, Tina (red.) 2007 Elgfangst og Bosetning i Gråfjellområdet. Gråfjellprosjektet Bind II, Varia 64. Kulturhistorisk Museum, Fornminneseksjonen, Universitetet i Oslo. Amundsen, Øystein 2008 Kullgroper og andre groper. Datering av groper i utmark på Øvre Romerike i Akershus. Nicolay arkeologisk tidsskrift 105, s. 73-80. Oslo. Bergsvik, K.A. Engevik, A og Solberg, B. 2005 Fra funn til samfunn: jernalderstudier tilegnet Bergljot Solberg på 70-årsdagen. UBAS. UIB. Bjørgo, Tore, Siv Kristoffersen og Christopher Prescott 1992 Arkeologiske undersøkelser i Nyset-Steggjevassdragene 1981-87. Arkeologiske rapporter 16. Historisk Museum, Universitetet i Bergen. 403

Bøthun, Per H. 1965 Leikanger bygdebok. Gardssoga. Leikanger Bygdeboknemd, Leikanger. Damlien, Hege og Bernt Rundberget 2007 Kullgroper og kullproduksjon i Gråfjellområdet i Hedmark. Viking LXX, s. 155-170. Oslo. Een Eide, Mildri 2005 Rapport fra registrering av automatisk freda kulturminner i Børrelia og Gudbrandslia, september og oktober 2004. Tyinkrysset, Vang kommune, Oppland. Upublisert registreringsrapport. Fagenhet for kulturvern, Oppland fylkesommune. Fossum, Tore (red.) 1996 Årbok for Norsk skogbruksmuseum. Skogbruk, jakt og fiske. Nr. 14, 1993 – 1996. Elverum trykk AS, Elverum. Furnes, Ståle 2001 Registrering av kulturminne frå eldre- og nyare tid. Forsterking av hovednettet i Sogn og Fjordane. Fardal – Mel. Sogndal, Leikanger og Balestrand kommune. Upublisert registreringsrapport. Kulturavdelinga, Sogn og Fjordane Fylkeskommune Fylkesarkivet 2010 Digital stedsnavnsdatabase. http://www.fylkesarkiv.no/ Gundersen, Ingar M. 2008 Rapport fra arkeologisk utgravning. Kullgroper. Sveen 6/6, Grov 7/4, Bø 8/2, Kasa 9/2, Strand 10/4. Gudbrandslie, Vang kommune, Oppland. Upublisert utgravningsrapport, Kulturhistorisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo. Jacobsen og Follum 1997 Kulturminner og skogbruk. Skogbrukets Kursinstitutt. Knudsen, Martine, Skjerping, Nina, Jerpåsen, Gro, Krokan Berg, Sveinung og Lindblom Inge 2007 Rapport Arealplan 21/06, Kulturminner og kulturmiljø, 420 kV-leidning Ørskog – Fardal. Seksjon 3: Moskog – Fardal. Sogn og Fjordane fylke. NIKU. Kvamme, Mons og Kjersti Randers 1982 Breheimundersøkelsene 1981. Arkeologiske rapporter 3. Historisk Museum, Universitetet i Bergen. Laberg, Jon & Hoprekstad, Olav 1985 Balestrand. Bind I – ættesoge. Tjugum sokn til ca. 1900, Fjærland sokn til ca. 1900, Kvamsøy sokn til 1985. Utgitt av Balestrand kommune. Larsen, Jan Henning 2004 Jernvinna på Østlandet i yngre jernalder og middelalder – noen kronologiske problemer. Viking LXVII, s. 139-170. Oslo. 2009 Jernvinneundersøkelser. Varia 78, Faglig Program Bind 2. Fornminneseksjonen, Kulthurhistorisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo. 404

Mjærum, Axel 2006 Rapport fra arkeologisk utgravning. Jernframstillingsplass med kullgroper. R160, Gudbrandslie, Grov (7/4) m. fl., Vang, Oppland. Upublisert utgravningsrapport, Kulturhistorisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo. Narmo, Lars Erik 1996 Jernvinna i Valdres og Gausdal – Et fragment av middelalderens økonomi. Varia 38, Universitetets Oldsaksamling, Universitetet i Oslo. 1997 Jernvinne, smie og kullproduksjon i Østerdalen. Arkeologiske undersøkelser på Rødsmoen i Åmot 1994-1996. Varia 43. Universitetets Oldsaksamling, Universitetet i Oslo. Petterson, Susanne 2008 Norsk Sjøfartsmuseums arkeologiske undersøkelse i forbindelse med ombygging av Jernbanetorget kollektivknutepunkt, Oslo kommune. NSM sak 2008266. Upublisert utgravningsrapport. Norsk Sjøfartsmuseum, Oslo. Prescott, Christopher og Soltvedt, Eli Christine 1991 Kulturhistoriske undersøkelser i Skrivarhelleren. Arkeologiske rapporter, UIB. Randers, Kjersti 1986 Breheimundersøkelsene 1982-1984 I: Høyfjellet. Arkeologiske rapporter 10. Historisk Museum, Universitetet i Bergen. Randers, Kjersti og Mons Kvamme 1992 Breheimundersøkelsene 1982-1984 II: Stølsområdene. Arkeologiske rapporter 15. Historisk Museum, Universitetet i Bergen. Rygh, Oluf 1897 Norske Gaardnavne: Oplysninger samlede til Brug ved Matrikelens Revision. Fabritius, Kristiania. Sandnes, Jørn 1997 Gards- og andre bustadsnamn. I Norsk Stadnamnleksikon, redigert av Jørn Sandnes og Ola Stemshaug, s. 32-37. Det norske samlaget, Oslo. Sandnes, Jørn og Ola Stemshaug 1997 Norsk Stadnamnleksikon. Det norske samlaget, Oslo. Skrede, Marit Anita 2002 Utmark og gard. Nærstudie av tufteområde i Friksdalen i Leikanger, Sogn og Fjordane. Upublisert hovedfagsoppgave i arkeologi, Universitetet i Bergen. Smestad, I. 1992 Veier og transportårer. Kulturminner i skog. Landbruksdepartementet og Det norske Skogselskap.

405

Urtegaard, Gunnar 1991 Balestrand. Bind II – Gards- og ættesoge. Gard nr. 1-34. Gardssoger 1800-1985. Ættesoger 1850-1985. Utgitt av Balestrand kommune. Nordbok A/S, Oslo. Østmo, Einar og Lotte Hedeager (red.) 2005 Norsk arkeologisk leksikon. Pax Forlag, Oslo. Øye, Ingvild et al. 2002 Vestlandsgården – fire arkeologiske undersøkelser. Havrå, Grinde, Lee, Ormelid. Arkeologiske avhandlinger og rapporter 8, Universitetet i Bergen. Referanser for strandforskyvningskurve for Balestrand: Bondevik, Stein, John Inge Svendsen and Jan Mangerud 1998 Distinction between the Storegga tsunami and the Holocene marine transgression in coastal basin deposits of western Norway, Journal of Quaternary Science, 13(6):529537 Kaland, P.E. 1984 Holocene shore displacement and shorelines in Hordaland, western Norway. Boreas, vol. 13:203-242. Lisa Bostwick Bjerck og Asle Bruen Olsen 1983 Kulturhistoriske undersøkelser på Botnaneset, Flora 1981-82, Historisk Museum, Universitetet i Bergen. Lohne, Ø. S. 2006 SeaCurve_v1 - Teoretisk beregning av strandforskyvningskurver i Hordaland fra UTM- koordinater. MS Excel regneark. Romundset, A., 2005 Strandforskyving og isavsmelting i midtre Hardanger, Master oppgave, UiB (82 pp). Simpson, David N. 2003 SeaLevelCurvesSunm-STrond_v2_kalib.xls Tilgjenglig fra forfatter. Svendsen, John Inge, and Jan Mangerud 1987 Late Weichselian and Holocene sea-level history for a cross-section of western Norway, Journal of Quaternary Science, 2:113-132. Vasskog, K. 2006 Holosen strandforskyvning på sørlige Bømlo. Master thesis, University of Bergen (87 pp).

406

VEDLEGG C14-DATERINGA R

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-26.3:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-24.6:lab. mult=1)

Laboratory number: Beta-261714

Laboratory number: Beta-261712 Conventional radiocarbon age: 1030±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

990±50 BP

2 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 980 to 1160 (Cal BP 970 to 790) (95% probability)

2 Sigma calibrated results: Cal AD 900 to 920 (Cal BP 1050 to 1040) and (95% probability) Cal AD 960 to 1040 (Cal BP 990 to 910)

Intercept data

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1030 (Cal BP 920)

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1010 (Cal BP 940)

1 Sigma calibrated results: Cal AD 1010 to 1040 (Cal BP 940 to 910) and (68% probability) Cal AD 1100 to 1120 (Cal BP 850 to 830)

1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 980 to 1030 (Cal BP 960 to 920) (68% probability) 1030±40 BP

990±50 BP

Charred material

1150

1160 1140

1100

1120 1100

1050

1060

Radiocarbon age (BP)

1080

1040 1020 1000 980

1000

950

900

960 850

940 920

800

900 750

880 880

900

920

940

960

980

1000

1020

1040

1060

940

960

Cal AD

References: Database used INTCAL04 Calibration Database INTCAL04 Radiocarbon Age Calibration IntCal04: Calibration Issue of Radiocarbon (Volume 46, nr 3, 2004). Mathematics A Simplified Approach to Calibrating C14 Dates Talma, A. S., Vogel, J. C., 1993, Radiocarbon 35(2), p317-322

980

1000

1020

1040

1060 Cal AD

1080

1100

1120

1140

1160

1180

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

407

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-23.3:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number:

Beta-261715

Conventional radiocarbon age:

1760±40 BP

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

(Variables: C13/C12=-26:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number: Beta-261716 Conventional radiocarbon age:

Cal AD 140 to 390 (Cal BP 1810 to 1560)

2 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 130 to 340 (Cal BP 1820 to 1610) (95% probability)

Intercept data

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 250 (Cal BP 1700)

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 240 (Cal BP 1710)

1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 230 to 330 (Cal BP 1720 to 1620) (68% probability) 1760±40 BP

1 Sigma calibrated results: Cal AD 210 to 260 (Cal BP 1740 to 1690) and (68% probability) Cal AD 300 to 310 (Cal BP 1650 to 1640) 1790±40 BP

Charred material

1900

1920

1880

1900

1860

1880

1840

1860

1820

1840

1800

1820

Radiocarbon age (BP)

1790±40 BP

1780 1760 1740 1720

1800 1780 1760 1740

1700

1720

1680

1700

1660

1680

1640

1660

1620

Charred material

1640 120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260 Cal AD

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

100

120

140

160

180

200

220 240 Cal AD

260

280

300

320

340

360

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

408

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-24.3:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-27.1:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number: Beta-263376

Laboratory number:

Beta-263377

Conventional radiocarbon age: 1260±50 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

1510±40 BP

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

2 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 660 to 890 (Cal BP 1290 to 1060) (95% probability)

Cal AD 430 to 640 (Cal BP 1520 to 1320) Intercept data

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Intercepts of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 720 (Cal BP 1230) and Cal AD 740 (Cal BP 1210) and Cal AD 770 (Cal BP 1180)

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 680 to 780 (Cal BP 1270 to 1160) (68% probability)

Cal AD 560 (Cal BP 1390) Cal AD 540 to 600 (Cal BP 1410 to 1350)

1510±40 BP

Charred material

1640

1260±50 BP

Charred material

1450

1620 1600

1400 1580 1560

Radiocarbon age (BP)

1350

1300

1250

1200

1540 1520 1500 1480 1460 1440 1420

1150 1400 1380

1100

1360 400

420

1050 620

640

660

680

700

720

740

760 Cal AD

780

800

820

840

860

880

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

440

460

480

500

520 Cal AD

540

560

580

600

620

640

900

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

409

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-25.8:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-23.7:lab. mult=1)

Laboratory number:

Laboratory number: Beta-263378 Conventional radiocarbon age: 330±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age: 2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

2 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 1450 to 1650 (Cal BP 500 to 300) (95% probability)

Beta-263379 410±40 BP Cal AD 1430 to 1520 (Cal BP 520 to 430) and Cal AD 1580 to 1630 (Cal BP 370 to 320) Intercept data

Intercept data

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Intercepts of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1520 (Cal BP 430) and Cal AD 1580 (Cal BP 370) and Cal AD 1630 (Cal BP 320)

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Cal AD 1450 (Cal BP 500) Cal AD 1440 to 1480 (Cal BP 510 to 470)

1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 1480 to 1640 (Cal BP 470 to 310) (68% probability) 410±40 BP 330±40 BP

520

440

500

420

480

400

460

Radiocarbon age (BP)

380 Radiocarbon age (BP)

Charred material

540

Charred material

460

360 340 320 300 280

440 420 400 380 360 340

260

320

240

300

220

280

200

260 1400

180 1420

1440

1460

1480

1500

1520

1540 Cal AD

1560

1580

1600

1620

1640

1420

1660

1440

1460

1480

1500

1520 Cal AD

1540

1560

1580

1600

1620

1640

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

410

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-25:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number:

(Variables: C13/C12=-24.5:lab. mult=1)

Beta-263380

Laboratory number:

310±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age: 2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Beta-263381 250±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

Cal AD 1460 to 1660 (Cal BP 490 to 290)

2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

Cal AD 1520 to 1580 (Cal BP 430 to 370) and Cal AD 1630 to 1680 (Cal BP 320 to 270) and Cal AD 1770 to 1800 (Cal BP 180 to 150) and Cal AD 1940 to 1950 (Cal BP 10 to 0)

Intercept data Intercepts of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

1 Sigma calibrated results: (68% probability)

Intercept data

Cal AD 1540 (Cal BP 420) and Cal AD 1540 (Cal BP 400) and Cal AD 1630 (Cal BP 320)

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Cal AD 1500 to 1600 (Cal BP 440 to 350) and Cal AD 1610 to 1650 (Cal BP 340 to 300) Charred material

380

420

360

400

340

380

320

360

300

340

280

320 300 280 260 240

Cal AD 1650 (Cal BP 300) Cal AD 1640 to 1660 (Cal BP 310 to 280)

250±40 BP

440

Radiocarbon age (BP)

310±40 BP

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Charred material

260 240 220 200 180

220

160

200

140

180

120

160

100

1440

1460

1480

1500

1520

1540 1560 Cal AD

1580

1600

1620

1640

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

1660

1450

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700 1750 Cal AD

1800

1850

1900

1950

2000

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

411

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-23.9:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number: Conventional radiocarbon age: 2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

(Variables: C13/C12=-25:lab. mult=1)

Beta-263382

Laboratory number:

530±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

Cal AD 1320 to 1350 (Cal BP 630 to 600) and Cal AD 1390 to 1440 (Cal BP 560 to 510)

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: 1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Beta-264474 330±60 BP Cal AD 1440 to 1660 (Cal BP 510 to 280) Intercept data

Intercepts of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Cal AD 1420 (Cal BP 540) Cal AD 1400 to 1430 (Cal BP 550 to 520)

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability) 530±40 BP

Cal AD 1520 (Cal BP 430) and Cal AD 1580 (Cal BP 370) and Cal AD 1630 (Cal BP 320) Cal AD 1460 to 1650 (Cal BP 490 to 300)

Charred material

660

330±60 BP

Charred material

550

640 620

500

600

450

560

400

540

Radiocarbon age (BP)

580

520 500 480 460

350

300

250

440

200 420 400

150

380 1280

1300

1320

1340

1360

1380

1400

1420

1440

Cal AD

1460

100 1420

1440

1460

1480

1500

1520

1540 1560 Cal AD

1580

1600

1620

1640

1660

1680

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

412

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.6:lab. mult=1)

Laboratory number:

Beta-265408 1300±40 BP

Laboratory number:

Beta-264475

Conventional radiocarbon age:

1380±40 BP

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Cal AD 610 to 680 (Cal BP 1340 to 1270)

Intercept data Intercept data

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: 1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Cal AD 650 to 780 (Cal BP 1300 to 1170)

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Cal AD 650 (Cal BP 1300)

1 Sigma calibrated results: (68% probability)

Cal AD 640 to 660 (Cal BP 1310 to 1280)

Cal AD 680 (Cal BP 1270) Cal AD 660 to 720 (Cal BP 1280 to 1230) and Cal AD 740 to 770 (Cal BP 1210 to 1180)

1300±40 BP Charred material

1420

1500

1400

1480

1380

1460

1360

Radiocarbon age (BP)

1440

Radiocarbon age (BP)

Charred material

1440

1380±40 BP 1520

1420 1400 1380 1360

1340 1320 1300 1280 1260

1340

1240 1320

1220 1300

1200 1280

1180

1260

1160

1240 590

600

610

620

630

640 Cal AD

650

660

670

680

690

640

650

660

670

680

690

700

710 Cal AD

720

730

740

750

760

770

780

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

413

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-26.8:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number:

(Variables: C13/C12=-24.2:lab. mult=1)

Beta-265618

Laboratory number:

Conventional radiocarbon age: 820±40 BP

Beta-263383 110±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 1160 to 1270 (Cal BP 790 to 680) (95% probability)

2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

Cal AD 1670 to 1780 (Cal BP 280 to 170) and Cal AD 1800 to 1950 (Cal BP 150 to 0) and Cal AD 1950 to 1960 (Cal BP 0 to 0)

Intercept data

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1220 (Cal BP 730)

Intercepts of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 1200 to 1260 (Cal BP 750 to 690) (68% probability) 820±40 BP

Charred material

960 940

1 Sigma calibrated results: (68% probability)

920 900

Cal AD 1680 to 1740 (Cal BP 270 to 210) and Cal AD 1810 to 1930 (Cal BP 140 to 20) and Cal AD 1950 to 1960 (Cal BP 0 to 0)

110±40 BP

Charred material

240

860

220 840

200

820

180

800

160

Radiocarbon age (BP)

880

Cal AD 1700 (Cal BP 250) and Cal AD 1720 (Cal BP 230) and Cal AD 1820 (Cal BP 130) and Cal AD 1840 (Cal BP 110) and Cal AD 1880 (Cal BP 70) and Cal AD 1920 (Cal BP 40) and Cal AD 1950 (Cal BP 0)

780 760 740 720

140 120 100 80 60 40

700

20 680 1120

1140

1160

1180

1200 Cal AD

1220

1240

1260

1280

0 -20 1600

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

1650

1700

1750

1800 Cal AD

1850

1900

1950

2000

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

414

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-23.5:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.3:lab. mult=1)

Laboratory number: Beta-263384

Laboratory number:

Beta-263385

Conventional radiocarbon age: 1730±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

1600±40 BP

2 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 230 to 410 (Cal BP 1720 to 1540) (95% probability)

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Intercept data

Cal AD 390 to 550 (Cal BP 1560 to 1400) Intercept data

Intercepts of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 260 (Cal BP 1680) and Cal AD 280 (Cal BP 1670) and Cal AD 330 (Cal BP 1620)

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: 1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Cal AD 430 (Cal BP 1520) Cal AD 410 to 540 (Cal BP 1540 to 1420)

1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 250 to 380 (Cal BP 1700 to 1570) (68% probability) 1600±40 BP 1730±40 BP 1860

1720

1840

1700

1820

1680

1800

1660

Radiocarbon age (BP)

1780 Radiocarbon age (BP)

Charred material

1740

Charred material

1760 1740 1720 1700 1680

1640 1620 1600 1580 1560 1540

1660

1520

1640

1500

1620

1480

1600

1460 360

1580 200

220

240

260

280

300

320 Cal AD

340

360

380

400

380

420

400

420

440

460 Cal AD

480

500

520

540

560

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

415

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.4:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number:

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.7:lab. mult=1)

Beta-263386 260±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age: 2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

Laboratory number:

Beta-263387

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2210±40 BP

Cal AD 1520 to 1590 (Cal BP 430 to 360) and Cal AD 1620 to 1670 (Cal BP 330 to 280) and Cal AD 1770 to 1800 (Cal BP 180 to 150) and Cal AD 1940 to 1950 (Cal BP 10 to 0)

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Intercept data Intercepts of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: 1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Cal AD 1650 (Cal BP 300) Cal AD 1640 to 1660 (Cal BP 310 to 290)

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability) 2340

380

2320

360

2300

340

2280

320

2260

300

2240

280 260 240 220

Cal BC 370 to 200 (Cal BP 2320 to 2150)

Charred material

2220 2200 2180 2160

200

2140

180

2120

160

2100

140

2080

120

Cal BC 350 (Cal BP 2300) and Cal BC 290 (Cal BP 2240) and Cal BC 220 (Cal BP 2170)

2210±40 BP

Charred material

400

Radiocarbon age (BP)

260±40 BP

Cal BC 390 to 170 (Cal BP 2340 to 2120)

2060

1450

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700 1750 Cal AD

1800

1850

1900

1950

2000

400

380

360

340

320

300

280 260 Cal BC

240

220

200

180

160

140

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

416

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-25.3:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.6:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number:

Beta-263388

Laboratory number:

Beta-263389

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2370±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2320±40 BP

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Cal BC 530 to 390 (Cal BP 2480 to 2340)

Intercept data

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: 1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Cal BC 400 (Cal BP 2350)

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Cal BC 410 to 400 (Cal BP 2360 to 2340)

2370±40 BP

2460

2480

2440

2460

2420

2440

2400

2420

2380

2400

2360

2380 2360 2340 2320

Cal BC 390 (Cal BP 2340) Cal BC 400 to 380 (Cal BP 2350 to 2330)

2320±40 BP

Charred material

2500

Radiocarbon age (BP)

Cal BC 410 to 360 (Cal BP 2360 to 2310)

Charred material

2340 2320 2300 2280

2300

2260

2280

2240

2260

2220

2240

2200 2180

2220 540

520

500

480

460

440

420

400

380

360

415

410

Cal BC

405

400

395

390

385 Cal BC

380

375

370

365

360

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

417

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.4:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.5:lab. mult=1)

Laboratory number:

Beta-263390

Laboratory number:

Beta-263391

Conventional radiocarbon age:

1080±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

1310±70 BP

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Cal AD 890 to 1020 (Cal BP 1060 to 930)

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: 1 Sigma calibrated results: (68% probability)

Cal AD 610 to 880 (Cal BP 1340 to 1070) Intercept data

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Cal AD 980 (Cal BP 970) Cal AD 900 to 920 (Cal BP 1050 to 1030) and Cal AD 950 to 1010 (Cal BP 1000 to 940)

1080±40 BP

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Cal AD 680 (Cal BP 1270) Cal AD 650 to 770 (Cal BP 1300 to 1180)

1310±70 BP

Charred material

1220

Charred material

1550

1200 1500 1180 1450

1160

1400

1120

Radiocarbon age (BP)

1140

1100 1080 1060 1040

1350

1300

1250

1200

1020 1000

1150

980 1100 960 940

1050 860

880

900

920

940

960

980

1000

1020

1040

550

600

Cal AD

650

700

750

800

850

900

Cal AD

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

418

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-22.9:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.3:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number:

Beta-263392

Laboratory number:

Beta-263393

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2140±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2030±40 BP

2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Cal BC 360 to 290 (Cal BP 2300 to 2240) and Cal BC 240 to 50 (Cal BP 2180 to 2000)

Intercept data

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: 1 Sigma calibrated results: (68% probability)

Cal BC 160 to Cal AD 60 (Cal BP 2110 to 1890)

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Cal BC 180 (Cal BP 2130)

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Cal BC 340 to 330 (Cal BP 2290 to 2280) and Cal BC 200 to 150 (Cal BP 2150 to 2100) and Cal BC 140 to 110 (Cal BP 2090 to 2060)

Cal BC 40 (Cal BP 1990) Cal BC 60 to Cal AD 10 (Cal BP 2010 to 1940)

2030±40 BP

2140±40 BP

Charred material

2160

Charred material

2280 2140

2260 2120

2240 2100

2220 2080

Radiocarbon age (BP)

2200 2180 2160 2140 2120

2060 2040 2020 2000 1980

2100 1960

2080 1940

2060 1920

2040 1900

2020 1880

2000

180

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

160

140

120

100

60 40 Cal BC/AD

Cal BC

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

419

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.6:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-24.6:lab. mult=1)

Laboratory number:

Beta-264930

Laboratory number:

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2380±50 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

Cal BC 740 to 690 (Cal BP 2690 to 2640) and Cal BC 660 to 640 (Cal BP 2610 to 2590) and Cal BC 550 to 380 (Cal BP 2500 to 2330)

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

370±40 BP Cal AD 1440 to 1640 (Cal BP 510 to 310) Intercept data

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Beta-265329

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1480 (Cal BP 470)

Cal BC 410 (Cal BP 2360)

1 Sigma calibrated results: (68% probability)

Cal BC 510 to 400 (Cal BP 2460 to 2340)

2380±50 BP

Cal AD 1450 to 1520 (Cal BP 500 to 430) and Cal AD 1580 to 1630 (Cal BP 370 to 320)

370±40 BP

Charred material

500

2550

480 460

2500

440 420 Radiocarbon age (BP)

Radiocarbon age (BP)

2450

2400

2350

2300

400 380 360 340 320 300

2250

280 260

2200 240 220

2150 800

750

700

650

600

550 Cal BC

500

450

400

350

300

1420

1440

1460

1480

1500

1520

1540 Cal AD

1560

1580

1600

1620

1640

1660

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

420

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-19.3:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.2:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number:

Beta-264931

Laboratory number:

Conventional radiocarbon age:

1800±50 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

1 Sigma calibrated results: (68% probability)

780±40 BP

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Cal AD 90 to 350 (Cal BP 1860 to 1600)

Cal AD 1200 to 1280 (Cal BP 750 to 670) Intercept data

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Beta-265407

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1260 (Cal BP 690)

Cal AD 230 (Cal BP 1720)

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Cal AD 140 to 260 (Cal BP 1810 to 1690) and Cal AD 300 to 310 (Cal BP 1650 to 1640)

1800±50 BP

Cal AD 1220 to 1270 (Cal BP 730 to 680)

780±40 BP

Charred material

920

2000

900 1950

880 860

1900

1850

Radiocarbon age (BP)

840

1800

1750

820 800 780 760 740 720

1700

700 680

1650

660 640

1600 0

100

150

200

250

300

350

1180

1190

Cal AD

1200

1210

1220

1230 1240 Cal AD

1250

1260

1270

1280

1290

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

421

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-26:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-24.6:lab. mult=1)

Laboratory number:

Beta-265409

Laboratory number:

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2060±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Cal BC 180 to Cal AD 20 (Cal BP 2130 to 1930)

Beta-265410 250±40 BP

2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

Cal AD 1520 to 1580 (Cal BP 430 to 370) and Cal AD 1630 to 1680 (Cal BP 320 to 270) and Cal AD 1770 to 1800 (Cal BP 180 to 150) and Cal AD 1940 to 1950 (Cal BP 10 to 0)

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: 1 Sigma calibrated results: (68% probability)

Intercept data

Cal BC 50 (Cal BP 2000)

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Cal BC 150 to 140 (Cal BP 2100 to 2090) and Cal BC 110 to 30 (Cal BP 2060 to 1980)

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability) 2060±40 BP

Cal AD 1640 to 1660 (Cal BP 310 to 280)

Charred material

2200

250±40 BP

Charred material

380

2180

360

2160

340

2140

320

2120

300

2100 2080

Radiocarbon age (BP)

Cal AD 1650 (Cal BP 300)

2060 2040 2020 2000

280 260 240 220 200 180

1980

160

1960

140

1940

120

1920 200

180

160

140

120

100

80 Cal BC/AD

100 1450

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700 1750 Cal AD

1800

1850

1900

1950

2000

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

422

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-27.6:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-26.5:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number:

Beta-265411

Laboratory number:

Beta-265412

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2260±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2400±40 BP

2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

Cal BC 400 to 340 (Cal BP 2350 to 2290) and Cal BC 330 to 200 (Cal BP 2280 to 2150) Intercept data

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: 1 Sigma calibrated results: (68% probability)

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Cal BC 370 (Cal BP 2320) Cal BC 390 to 360 (Cal BP 2340 to 2300) and Cal BC 290 to 240 (Cal BP 2240 to 2180)

2260±40 BP

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

2540

2380

2520

2360

2500

2340

2480

2320

2460

2300

2440

2280 2260 2240 2220

Cal BC 410 (Cal BP 2360) Cal BC 520 to 400 (Cal BP 2470 to 2350)

2400±40 BP

Charred material

2400

Radiocarbon age (BP)

Cal BC 740 to 690 (Cal BP 2690 to 2640) and Cal BC 660 to 640 (Cal BP 2610 to 2590) and Cal BC 550 to 390 (Cal BP 2500 to 2340)

Charred material

2420 2400 2380 2360 2340

2200

2320

2180

2300

2160

2280

2140

2260

2120

800

420

400

380

360

340

320

300 Cal BC

280

260

240

220

200

750

180

700

650

600

550 Cal BC

500

450

400

350

300

References:

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

Database used INTCAL04 Calibration Database INTCAL04 Radiocarbon Age Calibration IntCal04: Calibration Issue of Radiocarbon (Volume 46, nr 3, 2004). Mathematics A Simplified Approach to Calibrating C14 Dates Talma, A. S., Vogel, J. C., 1993, Radiocarbon 35(2), p317-322

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

423

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.2:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number:

(Variables: C13/C12=-26.3:lab. mult=1)

Beta-264472 700±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age: 2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

Laboratory number: Beta-264473 1590±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

Cal AD 1260 to 1310 (Cal BP 690 to 640) and Cal AD 1360 to 1390 (Cal BP 590 to 560)

2 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 390 to 560 (Cal BP 1560 to 1390) (95% probability)

Intercept data

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1280 (Cal BP 670)

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 430 (Cal BP 1520)

1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 1270 to 1300 (Cal BP 680 to 660) (68% probability) 700±40 BP

1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 420 to 540 (Cal BP 1530 to 1410) (68% probability)

Charred material

840

1590±40 BP

Charred material

1720

820 1700

800 1680

780 1660 1640

740 Radiocarbon age (BP)

Radiocarbon age (BP)

760

720 700 680 660

1620 1600 1580 1560 1540

640

1520

620

1500

600

1480

580

1460 1440

560 1240

1260

1280

1300

1320 Cal AD

1340

1360

1380

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

1400

360

380

400

420

440

460

480 Cal AD

500

520

540

560

580

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

424

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-24.8:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-26.8:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number:

Beta-264937

Laboratory number:

Beta-264932

Conventional radiocarbon age:

1040±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2800±40 BP

2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Cal AD 900 to 920 (Cal BP 1050 to 1030) and Cal AD 950 to 1040 (Cal BP 1000 to 920)

Intercept data

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: 1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Cal BC 1040 to 840 (Cal BP 2990 to 2790)

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Cal AD 1010 (Cal BP 940)

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Cal AD 980 to 1020 (Cal BP 970 to 930)

1040±40 BP

Cal BC 930 (Cal BP 2880) Cal BC 1000 to 910 (Cal BP 2950 to 2860)

2800±40 BP

Charred material

2940

1180

2920

1160

2900

1140

2880

1120 2860

Radiocarbon age (BP)

1100 1080 1060 1040 1020

2840 2820 2800 2780 2760

1000 2740

980 2720

960 2700

940 2680

920

2660 1060

900 860

880

900

920

940

960

980

1000

1020

1040

1020

1000

980

960

940 Cal BC

920

900

880

860

840

Cal AD

References:

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

425

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-23.4:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-24.8:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number: Conventional radiocarbon age: 2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Laboratory number:

Beta-264934

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2170±40 BP

Beta-264933 480±50 BP

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Cal AD 1400 to 1470 (Cal BP 550 to 480)

Intercept data

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: 1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Cal BC 370 to 100 (Cal BP 2320 to 2050)

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal BC 200 (Cal BP 2150)

Cal AD 1430 (Cal BP 520)

1 Sigma calibrated results: (68% probability)

Cal AD 1420 to 1450 (Cal BP 540 to 500)

480±50 BP

Cal BC 350 to 290 (Cal BP 2300 to 2240) and Cal BC 220 to 170 (Cal BP 2170 to 2120)

2170±40 BP

Charred material

2300

650

2280

600

2260 2240

550

500

Radiocarbon age (BP)

2220

450

400

2200 2180 2160 2140 2120 2100

350 2080 2060

300

2040 2020

250 1380

1390

1400

1410

1420

1430 Cal AD

1440

1450

1460

1470

1480

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

Cal BC

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

426

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-26:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-26.5:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number:

Beta-264935

Laboratory number:

Conventional radiocarbon age:

1570±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Cal AD 980 to 1160 (Cal BP 960 to 800) Intercept data

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Cal AD 450 (Cal BP 1500) and Cal AD 450 (Cal BP 1500) and Cal AD 460 (Cal BP 1490) and Cal AD 480 (Cal BP 1470) and Cal AD 530 (Cal BP 1420)

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability)

Cal AD 1030 (Cal BP 920) Cal AD 1010 to 1040 (Cal BP 940 to 910)

990±40 BP

Cal AD 420 to 550 (Cal BP 1520 to 1400)

Charred material

1120 1100

1570±40 BP

Charred material

1080

1680

1060

1660

1040

1640

1020

Radiocarbon age (BP)

1700

1620

Radiocarbon age (BP)

990±40 BP

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Cal AD 410 to 580 (Cal BP 1540 to 1370) Intercept data

Intercepts of radiocarbon age with calibration curve:

Beta-264936

1600 1580 1560 1540

1000 980 960 940 920

1520

900

1500

880

1480

860

1460 840

1440

960

980

1000

1020

1040

1060 1080 Cal AD

1100

1120

1140

1160

1180

1420 380

400

420

440

460

480 Cal AD

500

520

540

560

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

580

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

427

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-24.9:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number:

(Variables: C13/C12=-26.2:lab. mult=1)

Beta-263375 270±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age: 2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

Laboratory number:

Beta-260848

Conventional radiocarbon age:

1040±40 BP

Cal AD 1500 to 1600 (Cal BP 440 to 350) and Cal AD 1610 to 1670 (Cal BP 340 to 280) and Cal AD 1780 to 1800 (Cal BP 170 to 150) and Cal AD 1950 to 1950 (Cal BP 0 to 0)

2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

Cal AD 900 to 920 (Cal BP 1050 to 1030) and Cal AD 950 to 1040 (Cal BP 1000 to 920) Intercept data

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1010 (Cal BP 940)

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1650 (Cal BP 300)

1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 980 to 1020 (Cal BP 970 to 930) (68% probability)

1 Sigma calibrated results: Cal AD 1540 to 1540 (Cal BP 420 to 400) and (68% probability) Cal AD 1630 to 1660 (Cal BP 320 to 290) 1040±40 BP 270±40 BP

1160

380

1140

360

1120

340

1100 Radiocarbon age (BP)

320 Radiocarbon age (BP)

Charred material

1180

Charred material

400

300 280 260 240 220

1080 1060 1040 1020 1000 980

200

960

180

940

160

920

140

900 860

120 1450

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700 1750 Cal AD

1800

1850

1900

1950

880

900

920

940

960

980

1000

1020

1040

Cal AD

2000

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

428

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-23.7:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-23.8:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number:

Laboratory number:

Beta-260847

Conventional radiocarbon age:

1610±40 BP

Beta-260846 250±50 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age: 2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Cal AD 1500 to 1600 (Cal BP 440 to 350) and Cal AD 1610 to 1680 (Cal BP 340 to 270) and Cal AD 1740 to 1810 (Cal BP 210 to 140) and Cal AD 1930 to 1950 (Cal BP 20 to 0)

Cal AD 380 to 550 (Cal BP 1570 to 1400) Intercept data

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 420 (Cal BP 1520)

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1650 (Cal BP 300)

1 Sigma calibrated results: Cal AD 410 to 450 (Cal BP 1540 to 1500) and (68% probability) Cal AD 450 to 460 (Cal BP 1500 to 1490) and Cal AD 480 to 530 (Cal BP 1470 to 1420)

1 Sigma calibrated results: Cal AD 1640 to 1670 (Cal BP 310 to 280) and (68% probability) Cal AD 1780 to 1790 (Cal BP 160 to 160) 250±50 BP

1610±40 BP

Charred material

1740

450

1720 1700

400

1680 1660 Radiocarbon age (BP)

Radiocarbon age (BP)

350

300

250

200

1640 1620 1600 1580 1560 1540

150

1520 1500

100

1480 1460

360

1450

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700 1750 Cal AD

1800

1850

1900

1950

380

2000

400

420

440

460 Cal AD

480

500

520

540

560

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

429

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=-24.2:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-26:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number: Beta-260849

Laboratory number:

Beta-265614

1880±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2940±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

2 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 50 to 230 (Cal BP 1900 to 1720) (95% probability)

Intercept data

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal BC 1130 (Cal BP 3080)

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 120 (Cal BP 1830)

1 Sigma calibrated results: Cal BC 1250 to 1240 (Cal BP 3200 to 3190) and (68% probability) Cal BC 1220 to 1080 (Cal BP 3170 to 3030)

1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 80 to 140 (Cal BP 1870 to 1810) (68% probability) 1880±40 BP

2940±40 BP

Charred material

2020

3080

2000

3060

1980

3040

1960

3020

1940

3000

1920

2980

Radiocarbon age (BP)

Cal BC 1280 to 1010 (Cal BP 3230 to 2960)

1900 1880 1860 1840

Charred material

2960 2940 2920 2900

1820

2880

1800

2860

1780

2840

1760

2820 2800

1740 20

100

120

140 Cal AD

160

180

200

220

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

240

1300

1250

1200

1150

1100

1050

1000

950

Cal BC

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

430

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-26.5:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.2:lab. mult=1)

Laboratory number:

Beta-265615

Laboratory number:

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2930±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Cal BC 1270 to 1010 (Cal BP 3220 to 2960)

Beta-265616 260±40 BP

2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

Cal AD 1520 to 1590 (Cal BP 430 to 360) and Cal AD 1620 to 1670 (Cal BP 330 to 280) and Cal AD 1770 to 1800 (Cal BP 180 to 150) and Cal AD 1940 to 1950 (Cal BP 10 to 0)

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal BC 1120 (Cal BP 3070)

Intercept data Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1650 (Cal BP 300)

1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal BC 1210 to 1050 (Cal BP 3160 to 3000) (68% probability)

1 Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability) 2930±40 BP

Charred material

3060

260±40 BP

Charred material

400

3040

380

3020

360

3000

340

2980

320

2960 2940

Radiocarbon age (BP)

Cal AD 1640 to 1660 (Cal BP 310 to 290)

2920 2900 2880 2860

300 280 260 240 220 200

2840

180

2820

160

2800

140

2780 1300

1250

1200

1150

1100

1050

1000

Cal BC

950

120 1450

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700 1750 Cal AD

1800

1850

1900

1950

2000

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

431

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.5:lab. mult=1)

(Variables: C13/C12=-23.1:lab. mult=1)

Laboratory number: Beta-265617

Laboratory number:

4470±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

2 Sigma calibrated result: Cal BC 3350 to 3020 (Cal BP 5300 to 4960) (95% probability)

2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

Intercept data

Beta-260850 920±50 BP Cal AD 1020 to 1220 (Cal BP 930 to 730) Intercept data

Intercepts of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal BC 3260 (Cal BP 5210) and Cal BC 3250 (Cal BP 5200) and Cal BC 3100 (Cal BP 5050)

Intercepts of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1060 (Cal BP 900) and Cal AD 1080 (Cal BP 870) and Cal AD 1150 (Cal BP 800)

1 Sigma calibrated results: Cal BC 3330 to 3210 (Cal BP 5280 to 5160) and (68% probability) Cal BC 3180 to 3150 (Cal BP 5130 to 5100) and Cal BC 3130 to 3090 (Cal BP 5080 to 5040) and Cal BC 3050 to 3040 (Cal BP 5000 to 4980) 4470±40 BP

1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 1030 to 1170 (Cal BP 920 to 780) (68% probability) 920±50 BP

Charred material

1100

Charred material

4600 1050

4580 4560

1000 4540

Radiocarbon age (BP)

4520 4500 4480 4460 4440

950

900

850

4420 4400

800

4380 750

4360 4340

700

4320 3400

3350

3300

3250

3200

3150 Cal BC

3100

3050

3000

2950

2900

980

1000

1020

1040

1060

1080

1100 1120 Cal AD

1140

1160

1180

1200

1220

1240

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory

4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

432

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.5:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number: Beta-260851 Conventional radiocarbon age:

(Variables: C13/C12=-25.3:lab. mult=1)

2430±60 BP

2 Sigma calibrated result: Cal BC 780 to 390 (Cal BP 2730 to 2340) (95% probability)

Laboratory number:

Beta-264470

Conventional radiocarbon age:

1180±40 BP

2 Sigma calibrated results: (95% probability)

Intercept data

Cal AD 720 to 740 (Cal BP 1230 to 1210) and Cal AD 770 to 970 (Cal BP 1180 to 980) Intercept data

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal BC 510 (Cal BP 2460)

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 880 (Cal BP 1070)

1 Sigma calibrated results: Cal BC 750 to 690 (Cal BP 2700 to 2640) and (68% probability) Cal BC 660 to 640 (Cal BP 2610 to 2590) and Cal BC 590 to 400 (Cal BP 2540 to 2350) 2430±60 BP

1 Sigma calibrated result: Cal AD 780 to 890 (Cal BP 1170 to 1060) (68% probability)

Charred material

1180±40 BP

2650

Charred material

1320 1300

2600

1280

2550

1260 1240 Radiocarbon age (BP)

Radiocarbon age (BP)

2500

2450

2400

2350

1220 1200 1180 1160 1140 1120

2300

1100 1080

2250 1060 1040

2200 800

750

700

650

600

550

500

450

400

350

700

720

Cal BC

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

740

760

780

800

820

840 Cal AD

860

880

900

920

940

960

980

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

433

CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS

(Variables: C13/C12=-24.6:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number: Beta-264469

(Variables: C13/C12=-23.3:lab. mult=1) Laboratory number: Conventional radiocarbon age: 2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability)

80±40 BP

Conventional radiocarbon age:

Beta-264471

2 Sigma calibrated results: Cal AD 1680 to 1740 (Cal BP 270 to 210) and (95% probability) Cal AD 1800 to 1940 (Cal BP 150 to 20) and Cal AD 1950 to 1960 (Cal BP 0 to 0)

640±40 BP Cal AD 1280 to 1400 (Cal BP 670 to 550)

Intercept data

Intercept of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1960 (Cal BP 0)

Intercepts of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: Cal AD 1300 (Cal BP 650) and Cal AD 1370 (Cal BP 580) and Cal AD 1380 (Cal BP 570)

1 Sigma calibrated results: Cal AD 1700 to 1720 (Cal BP 260 to 220) and (68% probability) Cal AD 1820 to 1920 (Cal BP 140 to 30) and Cal AD 1950 to 1960 (Cal BP 0 to 0)

1 Sigma calibrated results: Cal AD 1290 to 1320 (Cal BP 660 to 630) and (68% probability) Cal AD 1350 to 1390 (Cal BP 600 to 560) 640±40 BP

80±40 BP

Charred material

220

Charred material

200

780

180

760

160

740

140 Radiocarbon age (BP)

720

Radiocarbon age (BP)

700 680 660 640

120 100 80 60 40

620 20

600 0

580 -20

560 -40

540 -60

520

1600

1650

1700

1750

1800 Cal AD

1850

1900

1950

2000

500 1240

1260

1280

1300

1320

1340

1360

1380

1400

Cal AD

1420

Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S.W. 74th Court, Miami, Florida 33155 • Tel: (305)667-5167 • Fax: (305)663-0964 • E-Mail: beta@radiocarbon.com

434