INTRODUCTION BUS TERMINAL
BACKGROUND • • • • •
Transportation is an integral part of the functioning of the society The transport system improves the social, economic, industrial, commercial progress and transfers the society into an organized one Nepal is a landlocked country and because of its mainly mountainous terrain and difficult weather conditions, roads and aviation are the major modes of transportation. Ratna Park was the first terminal of the valley and long route buses also operated from here Due to the congestion created due to the inter city and intra city vehicles, the long route vehicle terminal operating in the western highway was shifted to Gongabu in 1993 A.D.
• •
• •
SCENARIO IN NEPAL BUS TERMINAL
• • •
SCENARIO
Kalanki bus park during Dashain (source:https://www.eyesonnepal.com/blog/)
the point where a bus route starts or ends, where vehicles stop, turn or reverse, and wait before departing on their return journeys mainly functions as the proper platform of arrival and departure of the long route’s buses It is not only the space for arrival and departure with basic amenities but also contains the commercial and the recreational activities. It is also the landmark for the city It is the identity of a city because this is the transaction hub from where people from outside the city start visiting the city and people from the city terminate to their destination
•
Fig.: Potentials of nepal
Gongabu bus park (source:https:// www.newbusinessage.com/S liders/view/542)
•
No good bus terminal only a open space to park Lack of proper planning Lack of basic amenities for the passengers and staffs Unmanaged leading to traffic problems
JUSTIFICATION JUSTIFICATION
PROBLEM STATEMENT Surface for parking • • • •
Phewa Lake Siddhartha Highway
Pokhara-Baglung bus park
• • •
Prithivi Highway
Old bus park
• Pokhara, being capital city of Gandaki pradesh, it lacks planned bus terminal with basic amenities. Tourist bus park • Around 3 thousands peoples arrive and leave the city form this bus park • But don’t have terminal to handle this number of passenger and the buses • Don’t have basic amenities like waiting, toilets, seating, drinking water, restaurant, accommodation etc. • Pokhara is a major tourist destination for both national and international tourists • Pokhara is connected almost all the major cities of our country and there is a bus routes from Pokhara to major cities of Nepal TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PULCHOWK ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
• •
Current conditions of Pokhara old bus park (shown in above pictures) is in worst condition Old bus Pokhara, is a major bus park for intercity movement No proper management of the buses and micro buses There is no basic facilities required for the passengers and the staffs No proper ticket counter and waiting facilities It is only an open space for parking the buses Loading and unloading were done in the highway which arises the traffic problems Peoples and the staffs of buses were facing so many problems due to lack of well planned bus terminal It should be re-planned and developed which will fulfill all the needs and the requirements of the people and the staffs
Ticket counter
Drinking water
OBJECTIVE • • • •
To expand and develop the existing bus park into well planned and facilated bus terminal To accommodate commercial and recreational areas properly and develop it as transportation hub To create an iconic building which reflects the identity of the state To design bus terminal for welcoming the tourist also
THESIS TOPIC
BACHELORS IN ARCHITECTURE
INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL
DATE: 2020/03/12 SUPERVISOR: ASST. PROF. ASHIM RATNA BAJRACHARYA
AT POKHARA
Toilet condition
NAME:SUDIP BHATTARAI 073/BAE/247
1
LITERATURE REVIEW TERMINAL BUILDING SPACE REQUIREMENT
TYPES OF BUS TERMINAL
Large - (more than 300 buses per hour)
Intercity Bus Terminal
Medium - (more than 60 up to 300)
Terminal typology
Small - (less than or equal to 60 buses per hour)
Local Bus Terminal
Source: SGA architects
TERMINAL OPERATIONS AND BAY ALLOCATIONS Terminal operations Dynamic Bay Allocation
Bus bay allocation
Fixed Route Bay Allocation
BAY ARRANGEMENT
Saw tooth bays bays
Common bays
• • • • • • • •
Segregated bays
Bay arrangement
Parallel
Perpendicular bays
PLANNING ASPECTS • • • • • •
SERVICES Terminal building • Waiting area • Ticket counter • Dispatch office • Rental space • Baggage room • Pedestrian design • Corridor design • Entrance • Stairs
Passenger protection from passing traffic Access for people with disabilities All-weather protection to step from/to the bus Proximity to pedestrian crossings Proximity to major trip generators Street lighting
Angular bays (60, 45, 30 degrees)
NEED SIZE LOCATION DESIGN
Drive through bays
Queuing area Wash room Drinking water Dormitories Canteen Cloak room Tourist information Toilets
• Restaurant
FIRE FIGHTING Terminal projects need to be designed to incorporate efficient and cost-effective fire protection systems, both passive and automatic. These systems are effective in detecting, containing, and controlling and/or extinguishing a Fire event at early stages.
STANDARD
REMARKS
1 seat/ 3 passengers 50-60 sq. ft. per position 50-150 sq. ft. 35 sq. ft./ person 25 persons/foot/min. 40 persons/ min. 20 sq. ft./ person
No. of loading berth x average bus capacity (35-37) Counter ht. = 42”, 1 position= 25-30 passengers Control all bus movements Depends upon the availability of rental space Depends upon size and type of terminal For normal walking and to avoid conflicts Maximum practical flow through a corridor For a busy situation with occasional traffic disruption Locomotion becomes normal and traffic conflicts can be avoided No circulation through the queuing space Every 40 passengers in peak hour
20” /person spacing 20 sq. ft./ person 12 sq. ft./person 68 sq. ft./bunk 20 sq. ft./person 20 sq. ft./100 pax 8 sq. ft./ 100 pax 1 fixture per 150 bus personnel R=N/T
1bed/10 bus personnel 80% occupancy for bus personnel
minimum 1 fixture for male and female 45 sq. ft./fixture R= rate of people leaving serving N= no. of seats in dining area T= average eating time
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER • Architectural character: terminal designers should strive for sincerity in
form, simplicity in articulation, and dignity in material and colors. • Identity:incorporate system wide elements including logo, signage, and
color, and the passenger services module, including ticket, vending and information kiosk • Adaptation to communities:should recognize and adapt their character to the communities • Roof shape: it establish the presence of the terminals in their communities from a far. It also invites and signify shelter and protection from weather. Source: Chiara, J. D., & Callender, J. H. (n.d.). Time-Saver Standards for Building Types.
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PULCHOWK ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
THESIS TOPIC
BACHELORS IN ARCHITECTURE
INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL
DATE: 2020/03/12 SUPERVISOR: ASST. PROF. ASHIM RATNA BAJRACHARYA
AT POKHARA
NAME:SUDIP BHATTARAI 073/BAE/247
2
LITERATURE REVIEW LOCATION OF TERMINAL BUILDING BUS STANDARD DIMENSIONS
Dimension 9.6m x 2.25m x 3.3m
TURNING RADIUS FOR BUS
SAW TOOTH BAYS
DRIVE THROUGH BAYS
Source: Chiara, J. D., & Callender, J. H. (n.d.). Time-Saver Standards for Building Types. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PULCHOWK ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
THESIS TOPIC
INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL AT POKHARA
BACHELORS IN ARCHITECTURE DATE: 2020/03/12 SUPERVISOR: ASST. PROF. ASHIM RATNA BAJRACHARYA
NAME:SUDIP BHATTARAI 073/BAE/247
3
LITERATURE REVIEW LONG TERM PARKING
LIGHTING REQUIRED IN BUS TERMINAL TYPES OF LIGHTING
Continuous lighting
Design Following points should be kept in mind for efficient workability of terminal • Segregation of bus and non-bus traffic • Segregation of pedestrian and vehicular movement • Elimination of vehicular traffic conflict • Segregation of pedestrian flows • Minimum processing for the buses • Segregation of transportation and no-transportation activities
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (ITS) Passenger Information system/display (PIS/PIDS): It is an electronic information system which provides real time passenger information. It may include both predictions about bus arrival and departure time, as well as information about the nature and causes of disruptions.
A B c e f
90 13 >=12 26 3.5 3.5
60 12.75 >=10 23.75 3.5 4.04
45 11.5 >=7.5 20.53 3.53.5 4.95
Mobile lighting
S. No. 1. 2.
Function Waiting Rooms Ticket counters
Lux Level 150 1000 (min500)
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Accounting Office Office in general Canteen Platforms/Concourse Ground floor Entrance Lobby and Lift Lift Lobby of Upper Floors Small Items Storage Food Preparation and Cooking Bars, Dining Rooms Toilets/corridors/Stairs Sign Surface Canopied Areas Parking Bays and Driving Lanes Site Entrance and Exits Garage (General lighting) Washing Area Parking lot
1000 (min500) 500 (min 250) 150 150 120
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
30 9.75 >=4.5 16.47 3.5 7
Standby lighting
16. 17. 18. 19.
85 300 500 50-200 150 120 150 75 250-300 500 (min 200) 500 (min 250) 150
Source: SGA architects
Source: SGA architects Source: Chiara, J. D., & Callender, J. H. (n.d.). Time-Saver Standards for Building Types. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PULCHOWK ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
THESIS TOPIC
INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL AT POKHARA
BACHELORS IN ARCHITECTURE DATE: 2020/03/12 SUPERVISOR: ASST. PROF. ASHIM RATNA BAJRACHARYA
NAME:SUDIP BHATTARAI 073/BAE/247
4
LITERATURE REVIEW COMMERCIAL
SITE
CONTENTS OF THE COMPLEX
• Commerce is the activities and procedures involved in buying
and selling things. Commercial Complex is a
building that are include office,
• Located in commercial zone where flow
used for commercial purposes, and
retail
shops, and retail buildings (e.g.
• Proper
buffer
to
RENTAL SPACES
the
surrounding environment should be
convenience stores , 'big box' stores, and shopping malls)
provided ENTRANCE
in urban locations. • Commercial buildings and property • Office buildings
Retail buildings
• Industrial buildings
Multifamily housing
• Pedestrian Entrance: easily accessible and
• Hotels and motels
visible and away from traffic.
•
Vehicular entrance: easily accessible and should not create traffic
Special-purpose buildings
RENTAL SPACE
GAMING ARCADES OPEN SPACE FOR SOCIALIZING
are generally
classified into six different types or categories:
PLAZA SPACE
of people is more
MOVIE THEATRES FOOD AND RESTAURANT AREA TOILETS
PLAN OF BUILDING
PARKING SPACES • an environment to which people will be drawn
MOVIE THEATRE
• prominent and inviting from the outside but less conspicuous from within the mall
STRAIGHT
PATHWAY
• Size: at least 0.5m2 /spectator • Good view: about 300
• Balance between the artificial and natural lighting
• Maximum perception angle: 1100
• Building materials chosen with consideration of durability,
• Exits, escape routes: 1m wide/ 150 people
sound absorption, degree of non slip, maintenance, ease of replacement, light reflection, feel and colour fastness PLAZA SPACE
DIAGONAL
GEOMETRIC
• an open space designed for public use and defined by
PARKING PARKING • Surface parking : parking lots directly on land
surrounding buildings and/or streets.
• Basement Parking: parking located below grade
• for social interaction and activities
within an occupied building
• may act primarily as pedestrian nodes
CURVED
VARIED Source: Chiara, J. D., & Callender, J. H. (n.d.). Time-Saver Standards for Building Types.
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PULCHOWK ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
THESIS TOPIC
INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL AT POKHARA
BACHELORS IN ARCHITECTURE DATE: 2020/03/12 SUPERVISOR: ASST. PROF. ASHIM RATNA BAJRACHARYA
NAME:SUDIP BHATTARAI 073/BAE/247
5
CASE STUDY- NATIONAL
CENTRAL BUS TERMINAL, BHARATPUR FACILITIES AND SPACES • • • • • •
Ticket counter – 11 Waiting space – 35 persons Small commercial shops- 4 Toilets Canteen- for staff only Offices
Ticket counter
Long term parking
Waiting area
OBJECTIVES • • •
Vehicular and pedestrian circulation Overall planning of the terminal Spaces and facilities
INTRODUCTION • • • • • •
Station type : Long route station Location : Bharatpur, Chitwan Total land area : 66-0-0-0 Ground coverage : 2.87% Entry : Road access from Mahendra Highway Construction : RCC frame structure,
shot term parking for bus(4)
Vegetation
ENTRY
Workshop
N
Arrival berth 9 buses and 5 micro buses Long term parking capacity- 72 buses
POSITIVE ASPECTS
View from entry
Terminal building Departure berth 9 buses and 5 micros
• Well planned with separate entry and exit • Terminal building as a buffer zone and a mediator for both parking areas • Long/short route vehicle movement separated • Clear zoning, no confusion • Commercial facilities provided close to the entry • Proper arrangement of waiting area at the safe and near approach
MAIN ENTRY
Short term parking EXIT Toilet block
NEGATIVE NEGATIVE ASPECTS ASPECTS
short term parking 14 cars,3 taxi, 60 motorbikes, 8 rickshaws
Shops inside terminal
• Commercial spaces were not enough and not managed • No proper waiting spaces in arrival and departure • Lack of restaurant for public
INFERENCES • Separate entry for public and vehicles • Separate long and short term parking • Clear zoning and pathways TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PULCHOWK ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
Canteen
Departure birth
Toilet block
MATERIALS USED : RCC, steel truss, CGI sheet, RCC in roadways, brick wall, tensile structures in overhang THESIS TOPIC
INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL AT POKHARA
BACHELORS IN ARCHITECTURE DATE: 2020/03/12 SUPERVISOR: ASST. PROF. ASHIM RATNA BAJRACHARYA
Location plan NAME:SUDIP BHATTARAI 073/BAE/247
6
CASE STUDY- NATIONAL
NEW BUSPARK, GONGABU
Fuel station
Departure berth
Long term parking
OBJECTIVES • • •
Different types of shops and small hotels for passengers and staffs
Vehicular and pedestrian circulation Overall planning of the terminal Spaces and facilities
INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • •
Station type : Long route and short route Location : Gongabu, Kathmandu Total land area : 22325 sq. m. Built up area : 161-0-0-0 Ground coverage : 9.83% Entry : Ring road access from North Construction : RCC frame structure, Constructed : 1993 A.D.
POSITIVE ASPECTS •
Departure- 41
Commercial areas Fuel station
Commercial block Long term parking- 425 Toilet
Vehicular planning is quite smoothly managed
block
Terminal block
Public toilet with disable friendly
Lotshe mall
Kantipur mall
Public toilet
NEGATIVE ASPECTS NEGATIVE ASPECTS Arriva- 20l
• No safe pedestrian paths, pedestrian friendly measures are not considered • Narrow entry point- difficult during case of overload • Security provisions are not adequate- lack of visibility • Lack of information booths • No connections between the different units • Commercial activities are not managed properly
New block
CGI sheet over truss structures is used for roofing.
Intracity bus parking Ticket counter
INFERENCES
• Clear vehicular circulation • Zoning of arrival, departure and long term parking • Fuel station at exit point TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PULCHOWK ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
Arrival berth 2 lanes at 5m distance THESIS TOPIC
INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL AT POKHARA
Intracity bus parking- 43 for local buses BACHELORS IN ARCHITECTURE
DATE: 2020/03/12 SUPERVISOR: ASST. PROF. ASHIM RATNA BAJRACHARYA
Car parking- 30 Taxi- 15 Motorbike- 50 NAME:SUDIP BHATTARAI 073/BAE/247
Terminal Building • First aid room • Information desk • PCO • Audio video center • Prepaid taxi • Money exchange • Police in charger office • Office canteen • Rest room for staffs
7
CASE STUDY- INTERNATIONAL
CENTRAL BUS TERMINAL, VADODARA CONCEPT • •
banyan tree as the meaning of name of city Branches like structures can be seen in the elevations
Cafe + outer dining
Arrival berth
Waiting area
Idle parking
Departure waiting
OBJECTIVES • • • •
Ticket counter and lounge
Vehicular and pedestrian circulation Overall planning of the terminal Materials used and the form Spaces and facilities
Departure berth Basement parking
Parking
INTRODUCTION • • • • • • •
Station type : Long route Location : Vadodara, Gujarat, India Total land area : 22325 sq. m. Built up area : 40,150 sq. m. Entry : Road access from West Construction : RCC frame structure, ferrocement structure Constructed : 2014 A.D.
Perspective view
Commercial shops
VIP rest room Waiting lounge
POSITIVE ASPECTS • • • • • •
friendly for physically challenged people mall area connected with the bus station security check point at 3 places for safety neat & clean because it is in the private control bus entry, exit and public entry are separate make this place a "city icon"
NEGATIVE ASPECTS NEGATIVE ASPECTS
• the dormitory, guest rooms and 1st class waiting hall are not accessible to physically challenged people • don’t have fuel filling station in it.
INFERENCES • • • •
Separate entry for public and vehicles Commercial shops Concept and form development Connectivity between the functions TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PULCHOWK ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
Deluxe waiting
Vehicular entry
• • •
• • • •
•
Public entry
Bus entry
View from entry
Food court
20 platforms, parking area for 10 buses Terminus handles over 800 buses and as many as 28,000 to 35,000 passengers daily. commercial complex have 400 retail shops of an average 250 to 350 square feet each, a food court with 22 outlets, a seven-screen multiplex, 100-room budget hotel Segregation of entry and exit. Segregation of passenger movement. Separate parking for auto rickshaw, cars and 2- wheeler. The main motive of the design was to provide basic amenities to the travelers plus recreational facilities like multiplex, game zone, accommodation (hotel), etc. The loading platforms are visually within easy reach of user. THESIS TOPIC
INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL AT POKHARA
BACHELORS IN ARCHITECTURE DATE: 2020/03/12 SUPERVISOR: ASST. PROF. ASHIM RATNA BAJRACHARYA
NAME:SUDIP BHATTARAI 073/BAE/247
8
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS S.N.
PARTICULARS
LITERATURE
CASE STUDY 1CENTRAL BUS TERMINAL, BHARATPUR
CASE STUDY 2GONGABU BUS PARK, KATHMANDU
CASE STUDY 3CENTRAL BUS TERMINAL, VADODARA
1.
Location
Centre of city-near highway
Bharatpur, chitwan
Gongabu, Kathmandu
Vadodara, Gujarat, India
2.
Site area
-
66 ropanies
161 ropanies
44 ropanies
3.
Facilities/components
Terminal building, arrival berth, departure berth, longa and short term parking, workshops, fuel station
Terminal building, arrival berth, departure berth, longa and short term parking, workshops, fuel station
Terminal building, arrival berth, departure berth, longa and short term parking, workshops, fuel station
Terminal building, arrival berth, departure berth, longa and short term parking, workshops, fuel station
4.
Terminal type
Intercity and Intracity
Intercity- long route
Both - long route and short route
Intercity- long route
5.
Terminal operation
6.
Bay arrangement
7.
Bay allocation
8.
Long term parking
9.
• • • • • • •
Dynamic bay allocation Fixed route bay allocation Saw tooth bays Parallel bays Perpendicular bays Angular bays Drive through bays Segregated bays
• • • •
Dynamic bay allocation Fixed route bay allocation Perpendicular bays Angular bays (45 deg)
• • • • •
Dynamic bay allocation Fixed route bay allocation Parallel bays Perpendicular bays Angular bays
• • • •
Dynamic bay allocation Fixed route bay allocation Parallel bays Perpendicular bays
Segregated bays
Segregated bays
Segregated bays
As per requirement
72 bus
425
10
Short term parking
As per requirement
10.
Number of bays
Arrival and departure-as per requirement
Car parking- 14 Taxi- 3 Motorbikes- 60 Rickshaws- 8 Arrival - 9 bus and 5 micro bus Departure - 9 bus and 5 micro bus
11.
Bus circulation
-
12.
People circulation
13.
Car parking-30 Taxi- 15 Motorbike- 50
Cars- 275 Motorbikes- 400 Auto stand- 15 20 combined platform for arrival and de[parture
Easier
Arrival- 20 Departure- 41 Unmanaged and scatter
-
Concentrated safe
Scattered unsafe
Concentrated safe
No of bus/ peak hour
-
35 buses/ hour
50 buses/ hour
-
14.
Total circulation/ day
-
712 (bus= 332, micro bus= 380)
700 (long= 360 & short = 340)
800 bus
15.
Pedestrian safety
Safety is first priority
Fair
No
Yes
16.
Universal design
should be universal design
Fair
No
Yes (ground floor only)
17.
Passenger lounge
Should be enough
Not enough
enough
enough
18.
Human behavior
Should be well guided
Better flowing
Confusion
Well guided
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PULCHOWK ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
THESIS TOPIC
INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL AT POKHARA
BACHELORS IN ARCHITECTURE DATE: 2020/03/12 SUPERVISOR: ASST. PROF. ASHIM RATNA BAJRACHARYA
Easier
NAME:SUDIP BHATTARAI 073/BAE/247
9
CASE STUDY- INTERNATIONAL
PARANAQUE INTEGRATED TERMINAL EXCHANGE, PHILIPPINES
OBJECTIVES • • • •
Entry To Departure
Vehicular and pedestrian circulation Overall planning of the terminal Materials used and the form Spaces and facilities
Entrance Lobby
INTRODUCTION • • • • •
Station type : Long route Location : Paranaque, Metro Manila, Philippines Entry : Road access from East Construction : RCC frame structure Constructed : 2018 A.D.
Exterior View
POSITIVE ASPECTS • • • • • • •
Elevators
friendly for physically challenged people Latest technologies were highly used Secure and safety neat & clean Airport like facilities Bus arrival at second floor level Efficient car parking at basement
AMENITIES PROVIDED
Waiting Hall
NEGATIVE NEGATIVE ASPECTS ASPECTS • Less rental space and mall area • Long elongated plan • Long pathway for buses
• • •
INFERENCES • Latest technologies • Entrance lobby area and ticketing kiosk • Bus arrival at upper level and long term parking TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PULCHOWK ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
•
the terminal was dubbed as the first land/busport in the Philippines. air-conditioned halls to provide the maximum comfort to passengers waiting for their ride world-class services, online booking and bus reservation with seat selection, an advanced ticketing system, and 50 automated ticketing kiosks. It will house departure, arrival, and bay areas for provincial and city buses, UV Express, and jeepneys, which, we would like to assume, will be modernized ones. THESIS TOPIC
INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL AT POKHARA
Ticketing Kiosk
BACHELORS IN ARCHITECTURE DATE: 2020/03/12 SUPERVISOR: ASST. PROF. ASHIM RATNA BAJRACHARYA
• Wi-Fi-provided waiting areas • charging stations, workstation areas • telephone booths • a centralized shopping center • baby care rooms, breastfeeding stations • a clinic • a prayer room • a pay-in lounge • and neat restrooms • The facility is also senior citizen • PWD-friendly as trolleys and wheelchairs are available • a 24-hour CCTV system • along with the 24/7 feedback center
NAME:SUDIP BHATTARAI 073/BAE/247
10
SECONDARY CASE STUDY
COMMERCIAL- LABIM MALL, PULCHOWK Ramp to basement
Shops
Central atrium GENERAL INFORMATION
OBJECTIVES • •
• One of the sustainable commercial complex • Biophilic design concept/open mall concept • Use of skylight and natural air flow in central atrium • See through atrium being main attraction • Multiple access for pedestrian ,vehicles • Flushed ramp with footpath has created barrier free entrance to the mall • Separated through transitional space and some risers • Central atrium is served as a theme during festivals • The huge space serves as a multi functional spaces for several activities ,concerts , exhibitions etc.
Entrance
To understand the spaces required in the complex To understand the placement of various spaces
INTRODUCTION • • • •
Type : Commercial building Location : Pulchowk, Lalitpur Land area : 20,000 sq ft owned by PMC Land shape : approx.rectangle
POSITIVE ASPECTS
Plaza space
Shops
Entrance Ramp to basement
MASTER PLAN NEGATIVE ASPECTS
• Form • Addition of several geometric components creates central open space • Position of the form has itself created a central atrium space in between directs the mall to use central atrium planning
INFERENCES • Central open space for gathering of people • Staircase and lifts at various corners for dividing the traffic
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PULCHOWK ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
THESIS TOPIC
INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL AT POKHARA
BACHELORS IN ARCHITECTURE DATE: 2020/03/12 SUPERVISOR: ASST. PROF. ASHIM RATNA BAJRACHARYA
FEATURES • • • • • • • • • •
“more exposure , more consumer ” Central atrium 3 Emergency staircase Fireproof doors and fire alarams Fire sensors and splinkers Lifts and escalators Parking in 2 basements Hierarchy in parabolic roof QFX , Conference hall and cafe Gym and offices
NAME:SUDIP BHATTARAI 073/BAE/247
11
SECONDARY CASE STUDY
COMMERCIAL- THE GROOVE CENTER, BANGKOK
Rental blocks
Entrance
FEATURES • Different entry and exit for internal and external space ; parks, food courts for external and shopping area with atrium and courtyards for internal • Multiple access for vehicle ,pedestrian and also connected upper floor with skybridge to unobstructed access • The façade is devised with backlit aluminum panel featuring integrated LED and graphics to create an elegant ,gently glowing exterior
OBJECTIVES • •
To understand the spaces required in the complex To understand the international context of commercial complex
INTRODUCTION • • • • • • •
Type : Commercial building Location: Bangkok, Thailand Client: Central Pattana Completion: 2013 Gross Floor Area: 12000 m2 Architects: Synthesis Design + Architecture Landscape Architects: Trop Design
Entrance
Central courtard
• The building attempts to utilize passive cooling through protected courtyards, integrated landscaping, and a retractable roof to create a cool and relaxing outdoor atmosphere
Entrance
MASTER PLAN POSITIVE ASPECTS
NEGATIVE ASPECTS
INFERENCES
The building compromises the following sustainable aspects ; • a.Vertical landscaping • b. Passive low –energy features • c. Sun roof • d. Sky court
• Central open space for gathering of people • We can also use different building blocks for providing retail shops spaces
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PULCHOWK ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
THESIS TOPIC
INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL AT POKHARA
BACHELORS IN ARCHITECTURE DATE: 2020/03/12 SUPERVISOR: ASST. PROF. ASHIM RATNA BAJRACHARYA
NAME:SUDIP BHATTARAI 073/BAE/247
12
TENTATIVE PROGRAM FORMULATION
S.N.
FUNCTION
1.Parking and bus facilities A.Pa rking Long term parking Arrival and departure bay
NOS.
AREA/M2
15 bus, 5 microbus
Four-wheeler parking Two-wheeler parking Micro bus parking B. Fuel station C. Workshop 2.Termin al building Information booth Ticket counter Passenger lounge Security room Baggage room Different offices toilets First aid room Money exchange 3.Comme rcial facilities Restaurant Food court Retail shops1. small shops 2. Medium shops 3. Department store 4. Handicraft shops
1 1
TOTAL AREA
Bharatpur bus terminal was taken as basis for the program formulation and the existing capacity. Peak hour departing vehicle is 35 buses/hr. ASSUMPTIONS Departing vehicles - 40 vehicles/hr, 30 buses and 10 microbus Passenger/bus – 35 avg Passenger/ microbus – 18 Peak hour departing passengers – (35x30 + 10x18) = 1230 Passenger lounge demand = 1/3rd of peak hour departing passengers = 410 capacity Total arrival berth = 15-buses, 5 micro bus Total departure berth = 15-buses, 5 micro bus S.N. 4.Passen
FUNCTION
NOS.
AREA/M2
TOTAL AREA
ger accommodation Bedrooms – Single bedroom Double bedroom Dining Kitchen
5.Staff
quarter Bedroom Canteen Common hall
6.Recrea
tional activities Gaming zone View tower Plaza space
ATM (Banks)
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PULCHOWK ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
THESIS TOPIC
INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL AT POKHARA
BACHELORS IN ARCHITECTURE DATE: 2020/03/12 SUPERVISOR: ASST. PROF. ASHIM RATNA BAJRACHARYA
NAME:SUDIP BHATTARAI 073/BAE/247
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SITE INFORMATION SWOT ANALYSIS Prithivi chowk STRENGTH • Flat land • Connected with highway, easy access • Peripheral road access • Secondary access from Siddhartha highway
Prithivi highway Hotels and shops Squatter settlement Siddhartha highway
Questionnaire with local people
N
Pokhara airport Location map
Existing drinking water
SITE INTRODUCTION Proposed Site: Pokhara Region: Western Development region District: Kaski Zone: Gandaki Province: Gandaki Pradesh Site Area: 31678.35 sq.m (approx.62 ropanies) Current use: bus park Topography: flat land Latitude : 28⁰12’27.37” N Longitude : 83 ⁰ 59’12.64 “ E Elevation : 2756 ft.
• • • • • • • • • • •
W
OPPERTUNITY • Prominent location • Highway access • Hotels and commercial areas nearby
•
Access from the Prithivi highway from north-east Also connected with the Siddhartha highway
THREAT • Encroachment by the local people • Congestion due to narrow approach
E
SITE
CLIMATIC DATA Max Temp : July, around 25.3 °C Min Temp : January, around 13.1 °C Min precipitation : November, 6 mm Max precipitation : July, 876 mm Humid summer, mild to cold winters and precipitation during monsoon • Cwa climate; Humid subtropical (Koper Geiger climate classification) • • • • •
ACCESSIBILITY •
WEAKNESS • Longitudinal site not along the highway • Squatter settlement at the south-east corner • Land is in lower level than road,
S
Shops around bus park
Existing bus park
CURRENT CAPACITY • • •
1278 buses/ day 100 haice/day 2500/3000 passenger/day
CURRENT SERVICE • • •
Only one ticket counter 3 nos. toilet (only one for use) Different types of shops TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PULCHOWK ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE PULCHOWK, LALITPUR
Squatter settlement THESIS TOPIC
INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL AT POKHARA
Existing ticket counter BACHELORS IN ARCHITECTURE DATE: 2020/03/12 SUPERVISOR: ASST. PROF. ASHIM RATNA BAJRACHARYA
NAME:SUDIP BHATTARAI 073/BAE/247
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