manual_144+ by Meenakshi Bhatia

LEARN: Electric circuit using different loads & components. More than 144 exciting educational experiments

144+ Science Station

144+ Science Centre This is a D.I.Y (do-it-yourself) educational science kit that provides useful knowledge about simple electrical and electronic circuits. â&#x20AC;&#x153;You'll be amazedâ&#x20AC;? to find to learn basics of electrical and electronic circuits through practical activities. 1. Battery: Definition: A source of energy. It contains active materials which are irreversibly converted during the chemical reaction. In physics, one "battery" on its own is called a cell. Two or more cells which are joined together are called a battery.

Symbol: Uses and Function: Batteries can be used for several functions: ?Storage: Batteries store energy being produced by a given generating source, and when this source is unavailable this energy can be used by the load ?Start- up current: Batteries can provide higher currents to the load than the array alone can provide. Many motors initially have a high current requirement. ?Power conditioning: Two cases where this feature is used in directly coupled systems, such as water pumping, and in uninterruptable power supplies.

2. Switch: A device for opening and closing power source to a circuit

Symbol:

SPST = Single Pole, Single Throw. An on-off switch allows current to flow only when it is in the closed (on) position. Uses and Function: It directs the flow of electrical or optical signals from one side to the other. 1

3. Reed Switch: A magnetic controlled switch device that opens and closed a circuit A reed switch consists of two ferromagnetic and specially shaped contact blades (reeds) positioned in a hermetically sealed glass tube with a gap between them and in a protective atmosphere. Reed switches are available as form A (normally open) and form C (changeover), and are operated using a magnetic field generated by either a permanent magnet or current-carrying coil.

Symbol:

Uses and function: Some common applications of reed switches are: Reed relays, automotive sensors, robotics sensors, security sensors and toys and games.

4. Resistor: · · · · ·

A resistor is a component of an electrical circuit that resists the flow of electrical current A resistor has two terminals across which electricity must pass, and is designed to drop the voltage of the current as it flows from one terminal to the next. Resistance is measured in ohms ( ) The physical size of a resistor also varies dependant on the amount of power passing through the resistor, given by: P = V x I (Power = Voltage x Current) (power measured in watts)

Symbol:

Uses and Functions: The resistor's function is to reduce the flow of electric current

5. Resistance: ·

It is a Measurement of the amount of a device opposes on an electric current through it.

Ohms Law: R = V / I (Resistance = Voltage / Current) (resistance measured in ohms), where: Voltage [V] = the energy lost across an component (voltage measured in volts).Current [I] = the charge (electrons) flowing through an component (current measured in Amps)

路

The resistance value is displayed using the color code (the colored bars/the colored stripes), because the average resistor is too small to have the value printed on it with numbers. Symbol: Resistance measured in ohms, symbolized by the letter "R".

Uses and functions: It oppose to the flow of electric current;

6. Variable Resistor: A kind of Resistor whose value can be changed by tuning the shaft in a electrical circuit. Symbol

Uses and functions: Variable Resistors usually used to control current. Examples include: adjusting lamp brightness, adjusting motor speed, Volume control and adjusting the rate of flow of charge into a capacitor in a timing circuit.

7. Diode: A device which is use in electric circuit to allows an electric current to flow in single direction and block in the reverse direction.

Symbol:

Uses and Function: The main function of a diode is to block the current in one direction, and allow current to flow in the other direction. Current flowing through the diode is called forward current.

8. Amplifier: A device which takes a weak electric signal and sends out a stronger one. Amplifiers are used to boost electrical signals in many electronic devices, including radios, televisions, and telephones

Symbol:

Uses and Functions: Amplifiers are used in the following fields: ·

Military Integrated Assemblies

Frequency Converters

Switched Amplifiers

TTL-Controlled Functions

Amplifier Filter Assemblies

High-Density Packaging

9. LED (Light Emitting Diode): LED is used in electric circuit to allow electric current to flow in single direction and back it in the reverse direction.

Symbol:

Uses and functions: Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a valve and early diodes were actually called valves.

10. LDR (Light dependent Resistor): A photo-resistor or LDR is an electronic component whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. It can also be referred to as a light-dependent resistor (LDR), photoconductor, or photocell.

Symbol:

Or Uses and Function: 路 They are generally used in camera, light meters, clock radios, security alarms, street lights and outdoor clocks. 路

They are also used in some dynamic compressors together with a small incandescent lamp or light emitting diode to control gain reduction

11. Seven-Segment LED display Seven-segment LED is a display device commonly used in electronic circuit as a decimal numeric display or indicator.

Symbol:

Uses and Function: ?

Seven-segment displays are commonly used by school children to form words and phrases using a technique known as "calculator spelling".

They are also use an array of light-emitting diodes, Dot matrix.

12. Capacitor A capacitor is an electrical/electronic device that can store energy in the electric field between a pair of conductors (called "plates"). The process of storing energy in the capacitor is known as "charging", and involves electric charges of equal magnitude, but opposite polarity, building up on each plate.

Symbol: 5

Uses and Functions: ?

Capacitors are often used in electrical circuit and electronic circuits as energy-storage devices.

They can also be used to differentiate between high-frequency and low-frequency signals. This property makes them useful in electronic filters.

13. Capacitance It is a measurement of the amount of charge (Q) stored on each plate for a given potential difference or voltage (V) which appears between the plates:

Symbol: Uses and Functions: Measured the amount of charge store in capacitor

14. Motor A device which coverts electrical energy to mechanical energy

Symbol:

Uses and functions: It converts electrical energy to mechanical energy

15. Speaker A device used to convert electrical signals to sound.

Or Symbol: 6

Uses And functions: It converts electrical signal to sound wave signal

16. Microphone A device converts sound into an electrical or acoustic signal Symbol:

Uses and functions: ?

Production on sound recording

Track the caller or audio tune

17. Circuit A system of interconnected all components/devices such as power source, resistors, capacitors and transistors...Etc Symbol: There is no any specific symbol for the electric circuit. It depends on the types of circuit and the components connect to it. Example: A simple electric circuit has one battery, switch and a lamp

144+ Science Station Introduction We take pleasure to welcome you to try out this ready-to-use electronic circuit kit suitable for children of 8 years old and up. “You’ll be amazed” to fnd what you can learn as the experiment is a realistic concept of electronics and electricity. It will defnitely enable you to learn about the necessary electronic components, circuits, and theories as well as the basic electronics principles – electricity, voltage, current, resistance, magnetism, other electrical circuits and theories. It is alright if you have no knowledge about electronics and do not fully understand how all the experiments work. Once you get started you will be able to build your understanding through experimenting and maybe trying out some interesting experiments on your own. This electronic circuit kit contains more than 144 experiments, and it is smartly designed that the main circuit board unit has all the relevant electronic components included. All you have to do is simply connect the wires according to the wiring sequence of each experiment and follow the steps one by one. Once connected the circuit will activate and function. Remember this is not a one-time experiment. The more you spend on building the experiments the better knowledge you will gain. You will never get bored but totally engaged as you will discover more new exciting experiments for a few years to come. Have a great electrifying experience!!! WARNING: Only for use by children aged 8 years and older

144+ EXPERIMENTS 33-T ouchcontrolmusicaldoorbellwithfashingLED 34- Tapping activated musical doorbell with flashing LED 35- Light control musical sound with LED 36- Manual control musical sound with LED 37- Magnet control musical sound with LED 38- Touch control musical sound with LED 39- Tapping activated musical sound with LED 40- Light control musical doorbell 41- Manual control musical doorbell 42- Magnet control musical doorbell 43- Touch control musical doorbell 44- Tapping activated musical doorbell 45- Light control musical sound 46- Manual control musical sound 47- Magnet control musical sound 48- Touch control musical sound 49- Tapping activated musical sound 50- Light control musical doorbell from buzzer with LED 51- Manual control musical doorbell from buzzer with LED 52- Magnet control musical doorbell from buzzer with LED 53- Touch control musical doorbell from buzzer with LED 54- Manual control musical sound from buzzer with LED 55- Magnet control musical sound from buzzer with LED 56- Touch control musical sound from buzzer with LED 57- Light control musical sound from buzzer with LED 58- Manual control amplified musical doorbell with LED 59- Magnet control amplified musical doorbell with LED 60-Light controlamplifedmusicaldoorbellwithLED 61-T apping activatedamplifed musicaldoorbellwith LED 62-T ouchcontrolamplifedmusicaldoorbellwithLED 63-Manual controlamplifedmusicalsoundwithLED 64-Magnet controlamplifedmusicalsoundwithLED

1- Rotor (Flying Fan) 2- LED light 3- Rotor (Flying Fan) and LED 4- Basic circuitry of LED light 5- Diode and capacitor discharge 6- LED “AND Gate” circuit 7- LED “NANDGate”circuit(withfying excitement)

fanforextra

8- LED “NOR Gate” circuit (with flying fan for extra excitement) 9- LED “OR Gate” circuit 10- LED “NOT Gate” circuit (with flying fan for extra excitement) 11- Timer electric fan 12- Time-delay electric fan 13- Sound control fan 14- Touch control fan 15- Alternate working of LED light and electric fan 16- Speed-adjustable electric fan 17- Morse code training kit 18- Disconnect type alarm system 19- Light control alarm system 20- Darkness activated LED 21- Touch control LED 22- Manual control delayed extinguishing LED 23- Magnet control delayed extinguishing LED 24- Disconnect type alarm system (Large LED) 25- Light control alarm system (Large LED) 26- Darkness activated LED (Large LED) 27- Demonstration of PNP Triode 28- Touch control delayed extinguishing LED 29- Magnet control delayed extinguishing LED (extra bright LED) 30-Light controlmusicaldoorbellwithfashingLED 31-Manual controlmusicaldoorbellwithfashingLED 32-M agnet controlmusicaldoorbellwithfashingLED

65-Light controlamplifedmusicalsoundwithLED

107- Magnet control multitone producer

66-Tapping activatedamplifedmusicalsoundwith LED

108- Light control musical doorbell with meter 109- Manual control musical doorbell with meter 110- Magnet control musical doorbell with meter

67-TouchcontrolamplifedmusicalsoundwithLED

111- Touch control musical doorbell with meter

68- Series connection of resistors

112- Tapping activated musical doorbell with meter

69- Parallel connection of resistors

113- Manual control musical sound with meter

70- Function of Light dependent resistor (LDR)

114- Magnet control musical sound with meter

71- 0-3V Voltmeter

115- Touch control musical sound with meter

72- 0-6V Voltmeter

116- Tapping activated musical sound with meter

73- Discharging process of capacitor

117- Manual control musical doorbell and LED with volume control

74- Charging process of capacitor

118- Magnet control musical doorbell and LED with volume control

75- Generator

119- Light control musical doorbell and LED with volume control

76- Electric motor spinning clockwise and counterclockwise

120- Tapping activated musical doorbell and LED with volume control

77- Direction-change indicator

121- Touch control musical doorbell and LED with volume control

78- Lie detector 79- Adjustable voltage divider

122- Manual control musical sound with large LED

80- Moving object detector

123- Magnet control musical sound with large LED

81- Meter type moisture detector

124- Light control musical sound with large LED

82- Microphone tester

125- Tapping activated musical sound with large LED

83- Light control extinguish-and-light LED

126- Touch control musical sound with large LED

84- Magnet control extinguish-and-light LED

127- Manual control musical doorbell with adjustable LED

85- Manual control extinguish-and-light LED

128- Magnet control musical doorbell with adjustable LED

86- Light control stop-and- spin electric fan

129- Light control musical doorbell with adjustable LED

87- Magnet control stop-and-spin electric fan 88- Manual control stop-and- spin electric fan

130- Tapping activated musical doorbell with adjustable LED

89- Rain indicator

131- Touch Control musical doorbell with adjustable LED

90- Connection indicator 91- 6V LED

132- Manual control musical sound with adjustable LED

92- Adjustable LED light 93- Practical voltage adjustable circuitry

133- Magnet control musical sound with adjustable LED

94- Manual control delayed extinguishing 6V LED

134- Light control musical sound with adjustable LED

95- Magnet control delayed extinguishing 6V LED

135- Tapping activated musical sound with adjustable LED

96- Manual control motor dory sound with red LED 97- Manual control ship sound with LED

136- Touch control musical sound with adjustable LED

98- Magnet control bell sound with LED

137- Touch control delayed extinguishing LED

99- Magnet control motor dory sound with red LED

138- Light control delayed extinguishing LED

100- Magnet control ship sound with LED

139- Adjustable darkness activated LED (Large LED)

101- Magnet control electronic metronome with LED

140- Light control extinguish-and-light super LED light

102- Manual control electronic metronome with LED

141- Manual control extinguish-and-light super LED light

103- Touch control bell sound with red LED

142- Adjustable and blow activate super LED light

104- Touch control motor dory sound with red LED

143- NPN transistor tester

105- Touch control ship sound with LED

144- PNP transistor tester

106- Multitone producer

145- Luminary indicator

COMPONENTS IN THIS KIT Description 144 in 1 Circuit Board Unit Magnetic pole Connecting wire Instruction Manual

Quantity 1pc 1pc 10cm x 10pcs, 20cm x 10pcs, 30cm x 6pcs, 40cm x 6pcs 1pc

WARNING Adult supervision and assistance is required. This unit is only for use by children aged 8 years and older. Not suitable for children under age 3 years old due to small part(s) and component(s) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; CHOKING HAZARD. Read and follow all instructions in the manual before use. This toy contains small parts and functional sharp points on components. Keep away from children under age 3 years. 4 x 1.5V AA (LR6) size batteries are required (not included) Please retain the information and this manual for future reference. Instructions for parents are included and have to be observed. This toy contains magnets or magnetic components. Magnets sticking together or becoming attached to a metallic object inside the human body can cause serious or fatal injury. Seek immediate medical help if magnets are swallowed or inhaled.

When experiment is fnished, make sure the batteries are disconnected and switch off the unit before you clear away the wires. Do not apply any components or parts to the experiment other than those provided with this kit. If this product malfunctions or "locks up", try switching off and back on again or removing and re-inserting batteries. Do not lock the motor or other moving parts. Otherwise it may cause overheating. WIRING SEQUENCE AND CONNECTION Ensure all wires are correctly connected to the numbered spring terminals of the main circuit board unit as stated wiring sequence of each experiment. Bend the spring terminal over and insert the exposed shiny conductor part of wire into spring terminal. Make sure the wire is securely connected to spring terminal. For example if the wiring sequence is 4-33, 1-10-32-35, 2-12, then connect a wire between spring terminal 4 and 33; and then connect a wire between spring terminal 1 and 10, and a wire between spring terminal 10 and 32, and a wire between spring terminal 32 and 35; and fnally connect a wire between spring terminal 2 and 12. This is an example for reference only, not an exact circuit connection in the experiment. If the circuit does not work, you can check the wire and spring terminal connection whether it is not well connected or insulated plastic part of the wire is inserted to spring terminal.

BATTERY INFORMATON Use 4 x 1.5V AA (LR6) size batteries (not included) For best performance, always use fresh batteries and remove batteries when not in use Batteries must be inserted with the correct polarity Do not use rechargeable batteries Non-rechargeable batteries are not to be recharged Re-chargeable batteries are only to be charged under adult supervision Re-chargeable batteries are to be removed from the toy before being charged Different types of batteries or new and used batteries are not to be mixed. Exhausted batteries are to be removed from the toy The supply terminals are not to be short-circuited Only batteries of the same or equivalent types are to be used Do not dispose of the batteries in fre Do not mix old and new batteries Do not mix alkaline, carbon zinc and re-chargeable batteries

Objective : The overall aim for this electronic circuit kit is for you to get a better understanding of how connecting different wiring sequence will make different science experiments. Each experiment is targeted at different basic concept of electronics & electricity. Please make sure to read carefully and all wires are correctly connected in the indicated diagram in order to have each experiment worked. Note: Remember to untie the string which ties the flying disc/color filter (if available) to the motor before starting the experiment. When the motor is rotating, do not use any object to touch the motor. Do not aim the fan at eyes or face. Do not aim the fan at people or animals.

CAUTION! Before setting up any experiment, please double check and make sure all wiring connections you have made are correct before inserting the batteries and switching on the unit as failure may result in damage to components or circuit board unit.

Rotor (Flying Fan) 8-6, 5-47, 48-7

Wiring Sequence

8-21, 20-47, 7-48 20

Wiring Sequence

LED light

L ED

3 63

Wiring Sequence 7-64-20, 21-41-49-63, 42-47-50, 8-48

100

21 41

6-8-64, 5-41-47,

63 100 42

Switch on the main switch. The fan will 47 48 spin and LED will light up very dimly. When you switch off the main switch, the LED will extinguish and the fan will fy up from the motor. If you take away the fan frst and repeat the experiment again, you will notice that this time the LED will light up brightly!

8 Complete all wiring connections as 34 47 48 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. You will see that small red LED will light up but large red LED will not light up. When you press the push switch, you will see the large red LED will light up but small red LED will be turned off.

6 LED “AND Gate” circuit Wiring Sequence 6-8, 5-63, 64-42, 41-47, 48-49, 50-7

63 100

+ 21

470UF

64 100 63

+ M -

Diode and capacitor discharge Wiring Sequence 8-47, 7-20-41-59, 42-64, 35-48-63, 34-50-60, 21-49

Basic circuitry of LED light

Wiring Sequence

Rotor (Flying Fan) and LED 48-7, 42-63

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By switching ON, LED will light up. By switching OFF, the LED will extinguish.

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Then you can see the fan spinning. After a few seconds, when you switch off the main switch, the fan will fy up from the motor!

Complete all wiring connections as 47 48 49 50 indicated in the sequence. If you only switch on the main switch, or only press the push switch, the LED will not light up. If you switch on the main switch AND press the push switch together, then LED will light up. This is known as “AND Gate”. Both switches have to be switched on in order to activate the LED. 41

Complete all wiring connections as 49 50 34 35 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Small red LED will light up. Current fows from the diode will charge the capacitor at the same time. When you press the push switch, the large red LED will light up. Release the push switch so that large red LED will be turned off. Now switch off the main switch. The small red LED will extinguish. However if you press the push switch at this time, the large red LED will light up for a brief moment! This is due to the release of the stored electrical charge of the capacitor.

A AND B = C

A NAND B = C

8 7

10 50

8-6, 5-48-64, 63-42,

7-41-47

64 100 63

Complete all wiring connections as 64 100 63 42 41 indicated in the sequence. To light up the LED, you can either press the push switch OR switch on the main switch. This is known as “OR Gate”. Switching on either switch OR switching on both switches will activate the LED.

41 42 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. LED will automatically light up even though the main switch is off. When you switch on the main switch, LED will turn off. For the LED, this is known as “NOT Gate” - LED lights up when the switch is off. LED is off when switch is on. As an extra fun element, the fan will spin when the LED is off! After a few seconds, when you have the LED switched on again, the fan will fy up from the motor!

A OR B = C A

+ M -

Wiring Sequence

+ M -

LED “NOT Gate” circuit (with fying fan for extra excitement)

LED “OR Gate” circuit

Time-delay electric fan 12

+ M

M Complete all wiring connections as indicated 100uF 58 57 + in the sequence. After switching ON for a time period, the fan will start to spin. This delay is due to the charging of the capacitor. During the charging, the base electrode of the triode is in a low voltage so that the triode is shut. When the capacitor is charged fully, the triode is in its conducting condition, thus the fan will spin. The time-delay period is the duration of the charging.

C omplete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By switching ON and pressing the push switch, the fan will spin. At the same time, the capacitor will be charged. When the push switch is released, the circuit is disconnected, but the fan will still keep on spinning for a while. This is because the capacitor will discharge and release its stored electricity, thus the fan will still spin for a while. 57

100K

8 13

48 7

10k 100uF

69 +

8-72-12, 40-71, 14-39, 16-11, 6-13, 38-58, 7-48, 5-15-57-47 Wiring Sequence

Wiring Sequence

Timer electric fan 8-50-12, 11-16, 7-48, 14-70, 6-13, 49-58-69, 5-15-47-57

64 100 63

41 42 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. LED will automatically light up. When both the main switch and push switch are off, then LED will light up. When the main switch or push switch is/are on, LED will be off. This is known as “NOR Gate”. “NOR Gate” is the exact opposite of “OR Gate”. As an extra fun element, the fan will spin when the LED is off! After a few seconds, when you have the LED switched on again, the fan will fy up from the motor! A NOR B = C

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. LED will automatically light up. LED will be turned off only when both push switch and main switch are switched on. This is called “NAND gate”. “NAND gate” is the exact opposite of “AND gate”. As an extra fun element, the fan will spin when the LED is off! After a few seconds, when you have the LED switched on again, the fan will fy up from the motor!

Wiring Sequence 8-48-50, 6-47-49, 5-64, 63-42, 7-41

Wiring Sequence 8-6, 5-48-50-64, 63-42, 7-41-47-49

6 8

48 47

50 64 100 63

+ M -

8-6, 5-63-50, 64-42,

48-49, 7-41-47

+ M -

Wiring Sequence

LED “NOR Gate” circuit (with fying fan for extra excitement)

LED “NAND Gate” circuit (with fying fan for extra excitement)

NOTE: Every time when you perform this experiment once, remember to “discharge” the capacitor before doing it again. Otherwise it won’t work properly. To “discharge”, connect any wire to 57-58 for a second. This way the electricity stored in the capacitor will be “discharged” and then the experiment can work properly again.

Sound control fan

Touch control fan

6 15

Complete all wiring connections as M indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch and touch the touchingplate with your fnger. The circuit will be connected and the fan will begin to spin. If touching the touching-plate does not show anything, dampen your finger with water before touching will make it works. And remember to wipe the water off the touch plate after you remove your fnger from it. 47

39 + Complete all wiring connections as M 10K indicated in the sequence. Adjust the variable resistor to the minimum value. Then switch on the main switch. Step by step, adjust the variable resistor slowly and try to blow to the microphone. You will fnd a point which the fan will only be triggered by your blowing to spin. This is the desired setting for this experiment. Now you can clap loudly near the microphone, or make a deep blow to the microphone, or get close to the microphone and speak loudly towards it to trigger the fan to spin. 69

16 65

63 100

44 43

8-74-12, 11-16, 14-73, 6-13, 5-15-47, 48-7

Wiring Sequence 64 1k

7-48, 8-19-44-63-66, 16-35-65, 40-64, 14-43-70, 5-15-38-47-69, 6-18, 39-34-17

Wiring Sequence

WARNING: Do not let the fan keep on spinning non-stop, as fan keeps on spinning may cause components overheated in this experiment. So remember to switch off the main switch to stop the fan.

16 12

7 48

48 47

7 20 6

18 12 11 8

Wiring Sequence 8-12-70, 11-16, 13-15-21, 7-20-50, 14-69-49

63 100

8-63, 42-64, 41-49,

Disconnect type alarm system 42

Wiring Sequence

Complete all wiring connections as 6 5 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Adjust the variable resistor slowly. This will change the control voltage of the triode, thus the speed of the fan will change. Utilizing this principle can get a speed-adjustable electric fan.

Morse code training kit 7-50

11 39

Complete all wiring connections as + indicated in the sequence. Switch M 60 59 on the main switch and adjust the 470UF variable resistor slowly to a suitable position. LED and electric fan will work alternately. The frequency of the alternation can be changed according to the adjusting of the variable resistor. Adjusting the variable resistor to its maximum, the electric fan will spin and LED will extinguish. Adjusting the variable resistor to its minimum, the electric fan will stop and LED will light up.

64 100

+ M -

12 13

11 39

Wiring Sequence 8-12-64, 63-40, 11-16, 14-39, 6-13-15, 7-48, 5-38-47

63 100

Wiring Sequence 8-12-21-63, 40-64, 11-16, 14-39-60, 6-13-20-59, 5-15-38-47, 7-48

Speed-adjustable electric fan

Alternate working of LED light and electric fan

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. The LED automatically lights up. Then press the push switch without releasing it. The LED will not light up. The LED will light up only when the push switch is not pressed. This circuit can be used as an alarm system. For example, when a locked door or window is shut, the warning signal will not light up. Then when the door or window is broken open, the alarm signal will light up, indicating the existence of an intruder!

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. By tapping 49 50 the push switch, LED will flash. This is equivalent to the principle of Morse-Code. By learning the MorseCode table, it is possible to send a message out at night.

47 7 20

22 48 12

69 14

10K

11 73

Wiring Sequence 8-47, 50-48-12, 11-16, 7-20-57, 69-14, 49-58-70, 13-15-21

Manual control delayed extinguishing LED

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. By pressing the push switch, LED will light up. After you have released the push switch, just wait for some time and see. LED light will gradually extinguish. 57

21 20 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch and put your fnger on the touch plate. Then the LED will light up. If the LED does not light up, dampen your finger with water, and then put your fnger on the touch plate again. Then the circuit is connected and LED will light up.

100uf

Magnet control delayed extinguishing LED

Disconnect type alarm system (Large LED) 8-12-72, 11-16, 13-15-23, 9-22-49, 14-71-50, 7-10

7 13

50 20

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. The circuit will be connected and LED will light up. After you have removed the magnetic pole, just wait for some time and see. LED light will gradually extinguish.

100uf

10K

100K 71

69 14

16 70

Wiring Sequence

11 61

8-47, 62-48-12, 11-16, 13-15-21, 7-20-57, 69-14, 70-61-58

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. The LED will not light up since there is light falling on the LDR. When the LDR is shaded completely, the LED will light up. This circuit can be used as darkness activated lighting system. For example, street light will be off automatically during day time. When night falls, no light falls on the light sensor (LDR in this case), the circuit will be switched on, and thus street light will light up in the evening automatically.

Touch control LED

Wiring Sequence

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. The LED automatically lights up. If LDR is shaded completely, the LED will not light up. The LED will only light up when there is light falling on the LDR. This circuit can be used as a light-control alarm system. For example, when a box containing important possession is closed, nothing happens. When the box is broken open, light will fall on the sensor (LDR in this case) inside the box and so the warning signal will light up, indicating the box is opened by someone!

Wiring Sequence 8-47, 74-48-12, 11-16, 13-15-21, 7-20, 14-73

11 13

46 69

10K

100K

Wiring Sequence 8-47, 70-48-12, 11-16, 13-15-21, 7-20-45, 14-46-69

8-12-46, 11-16, 13-15-21, 7-20-71, 14-45-72

Wiring Sequence

Darkness activated LED 70

Light control alarm system

26 7

riode

47 8

69 14

10K 7

22 10

48 12

11 16

Wiring Sequence 8-47, 74-48-12, 11-16, 13-15-23, 7-10, 9-22-57, 14-69, 70-58-73

Touch control delayed extinguishing LED

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Touch the touch-plate with fnger. You may have to dampen your finger with water before touching. The circuit is then connected and electricity will flow through the triode so that LED will light up. At the same time the capacitor is being charged. Then remove your fnger. Note that you may have to wipe the water off the touch-plate. You will see the triode can still keep conductive for some time as the capacitor will release the stored electricity. Therefore the LED will not extinguish immediately after you remove your fnger from the touch-plate. 57

100uf

1K 66

10K 2+

Magnet control super LED (extra bright LED) Wiring Sequence

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. The LED will not light up since there is light falling on the LDR. When the LDR is shaded completely, the LED will light up. This circuit can be used as darkness activated lighting system. For example, street light will be off automatically during day time. When night falls, no light falls on the light sensor (LDR in this case), the circuit will be switched on, and thus street light will light up in the evening automatically.

Demonstration of PNP T

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. The meter pointer will move and point to a certain value. This indicates the amount of current passing through it.

16 71

23 22 Complete all wiring connections as 100K indicated in the sequence. The LED automatically lights up. If LDR is shaded completely, the LED will not light up. The LED will only light up when the light falls on the LDR. This circuit can be used as a lightcontrol alarm system. For example, when a box containing important possession is closed, nothing happens. When the box is broken open, light will be shined into the box and so the warning signal will light up, indicating the box is opened by someone!

Wiring Sequence 8-38-12, 47-11, 69-13, 40-65, 48-39, 2-70, 1-7-66

100K

16 45 72

Wiring Sequence 8-12-72, 11-16, 13-15-23, 7-10, 9-22-45, 14-46-71

Wiring Sequence

8-12-46, 11-16, 13-15-23, 7-10, 14-45-72, 9-22-71

Darkness activated LED (Large LED) 72

Light control alarm system (Large LED)

Light control musical doorbell with fashing LED

7-22, 8-9, 10-61,

62-23

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 46-25-42-47-4, 7-28, 27-45, 3-26, 41-24

8 4

26 28 25

45 46 27 Complete all wiring connections as 42 41 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Cover the LDR completely and then uncover it. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker. At the same time, LED will light up and fash to the rhythm of the doorbell music. When the music is fnished, you can cover and then uncover the LDR again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music with LED fashing. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch 10 9 8 7 on the main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. The 6V LED will light up. This LED is brighter than other LED because it is a 6V one while other LED in this kit are less than 3V.

32 47

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 4-25-42-47-62, 7-28, 27-61, 3-26, 41-24

8 4

7 28

61 62 Complete all wiring connections as 27 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker. At the same time, LED will light up and flash to the rhythm of the doorbell music. When the music is finished, you can access the reed switch with the magnetic pole again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music with LED fashing. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

34 Tapping activated musical doorbell with fashing LED

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 25-36-42-47-4, 7-28, 27-37, 3-26, 41-24

8 3

Touch control musical doorbell with fashing LED

8 3

4 26

28 25

25 Complete all wiring connections as 37 27 indicated in the sequence. Switch on 24 the main switch. Tap the buzzer. You 36 will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker. At the same time, LED will light up and fash to the rhythm of the doorbell music. When the music is fnished, you can tap the buzzer again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music with LED fashing. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

Complete all wiring connections as 73 74 27 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use your finger to touch the touch plate. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your fnger and try again. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker. At the same time, LED will light up and fash to the rhythm of the doorbell music. When the music is fnished, you can use your fnger to touch the touch plate again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music with LED fashing. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

36 Manual control musical sound with LED 42

3 49

31 33

Complete all wiring connections as 30 7 8 32 indicated in the sequence. Switch 29 on the main switch. Cover the LDR completely and then uncover it. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the music is fnished, you can cover and then uncover the LDR again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again.

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 50-47-30, 42-29-3, 31-49, 41-33-4, 7-32

Light control musical sound with LED Wiring Sequence 8-48, 47-46-30, 42-29-3, 45-31, 41-33-4, 7-32

Complete all wiring connections as 49 50 27 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Press the push switch. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker. At the same time, LED will light up and fash to the rhythm of the doorbell music. When the music is finished, you can press the push switch again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music with LED fashing. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 4-25-42-47-74, 7-28, 27-73, 3-26, 41-24

48 8

47 3

8-48, 4-25-42-47-50, 7-28, 27-49, 3-26, 41-24

Wiring Sequence

Magnet control musical doorbell with fashing LED 42

Manual control musical doorbell with fashing LED

33 Complete all wiring connections as 30 indicated in the sequence. Switch on 7 32 the main switch. Press the push switch. 29 You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the music is fnished, you can press the push switch again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again.

37 Wiring Sequence

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 73-47-30, 42-29-3, 31-74, 41-33-4, 7-32

8-48, 61-47-30, 42-29-3, 31-62, 41-33-4, 7-32

Touch control musical sound with LED

Magnet control musical sound with LED

33 30

8 31 Complete all wiring connections as 33 indicated in the sequence. Switch 30 7 32 on the main switch. Access the reed 29 switch with the magnetic pole. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the music is finished, you can access the reed switch with the magnetic pole again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again.

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use your fnger to touch the touch plate. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your fnger and try again. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the music is fnished, you can use your fnger to touch the touch plate again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. 32

Tapping activated musical sound with LED Wiring Sequence 8-48, 47-36-30, 42-29-3, 31-37, 41-33-4, 7-32

Light control musical doorbell Wiring Sequence 47-46-25-4, 8-48, 7-28, 27-45, 3-26

8 4

26 28

7 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Tap the buzzer. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the music is fnished, you can tap the buzzer again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. 30

25 Complete all wiring connections as 45 46 27 indicated in the sequence. Switch 24 on the main switch. Cover the LDR completely and then uncover it. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker. When the music is fnished, you can cover and then uncover the LDR again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

Manual control musical doorbell

Magnet control musical doorbell

50-47-25-4, 8-48, 7-28, 3-26, 27-49 Wiring Sequence

62-47-25-4, 8-48, 7-28, 3-26, 27-61 Wiring Sequence

8 4

26 28

28 25 Complete all wiring connections as 49 50 27 indicated in the sequence. Switch 24 on the main switch. Press the push switch. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker. When the music is fnished, you can press the push switch again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

Complete all wiring connections as 61 62 27 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker. When the music is fnished, you can access the reed switch with the magnetic pole again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

Touch control musical doorbell

Tapping activated musical doorbell

74-47-25-4, 8-48, 7-28, 3-26, 27-73

Wiring Sequence

Wiring Sequence 47-36-25-4, 8-48, 7-28, 3-26, 27-37

8 4

26 28

Complete all wiring connections as 73 74 27 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use your finger to touch the touch plate. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your fnger and try again. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker. When the music is fnished, you can use your fnger to touch the touch plate again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

Complete all wiring connections as 37 27 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on 36 the main switch. Tap the buzzer. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker. When the music is fnished, you can tap the buzzer again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

Light control musical sound

Manual control musical sound 47

3 4

3 49

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 50-47-30, 29-3, 31-49, 33-4, 7-32

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 47-46-30, 29-3, 45-31, 33-4, 7-32

33 Complete all wiring connections as 30 7 indicated in the sequence. Switch on 32 29 the main switch. Press the push switch. You will hear musical sound from the speaker. When the music is fnished, you can press the push switch again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again.

33 Complete all wiring connections as 30 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the 7 32 main switch. Cover the LDR completely 29 and then uncover it. You will hear musical sound from the speaker. When the music is fnished, you can cover and then uncover the LDR again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again.

Magnet control musical sound

Touch control musical sound 47

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 73-47-30, 29-3, 31-74, 33-4, 7-32

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 61-47-30, 29-3, 31-62, 33-4, 7-32

8 4

3 73

Complete all wiring connections as 33 30 indicated in the sequence. Switch on 7 32 the main switch. Access the reed switch 29 with the magnetic pole. You will hear musical sound from the speaker. When the music is fnished, you can access the reed switch with the magnetic pole again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again.

7 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use your fnger to touch the touch plate. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your fnger and try again. You will hear musical sound from the speaker. When the music is fnished, you can use your fnger to touch the touch plate again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. 32

50 Light control musical doorbell from buzzer with LED

8-48, 47-36-30, 293, 31-37, 33-4, 7-32

Wiring Sequence

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 25-37-42-46-47, 7-28, 45-27, 36-41-26

36 37

47 36

Complete all wiring connections as 45 46 27 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Cover the LDR completely and then uncover it. You will hear musical doorbell from the buzzer, and LED will light up. When the music is fnished, you can cover and then uncover the LDR again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

47 42

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 25-42-37-47-62, 7-28, 61-27, 36-41-26

7 28

48 8

47 36

Magnet control musical doorbell from buzzer with LED

7 28

Complete all wiring connections as 49 50 27 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Press the push switch. You will hear musical doorbell from the buzzer, and LED will light up. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can press the push switch again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

Complete all wiring connections as 61 62 27 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. You will hear musical doorbell from the buzzer, and LED will light up. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

54 Wiring Sequence 8-48, 30-47-50, 29-37-42, 31-49, 7-32, 33-36-41

48 8

7 28

Complete all wiring connections as 73 74 27 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use your finger to touch the touch plate. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your fnger and try again. You will hear musical door bell sound from the buzzer, and LED will light up. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can use your fnger to touch the touch plate again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

47 36

Manual control musical sound from buzzer with LED 50

Touch control musical doorbell from buzzer with LED Wiring Sequence 8-48, 25-42-37-47-74, 7-28, 73-27, 36-41-26

Manual control musical doorbell from buzzer with LED Wiring Sequence 8-48, 25-42-37-47-50, 7-28, 49-27, 36-41-26

33 30 Complete all wiring connections as 7 32 indicated in the sequence. Switch on 29 the main switch. Tap the buzzer. You will hear musical sound from the speaker. When the music is fnished, you can tap the buzzer again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again.

Tapping activated musical sound

33 Complete all wiring connections as 30 7 indicated in the sequence. Switch on 32 29 the main switch. Press the push switch. You will hear musical sound from the buzzer, and LED will light up. When the music is finished, you can press the push switch again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the music as before.

Magnet control musical sound from buzzer with LED

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 30-47-73, 29-37-42, 31-74, 7-32, 33-36-41

8-48, 30-47-61, 29-37-42, 31-62, 7-32, 33-36-41

Wiring Sequence

Touch control musical sound from buzzer with LED

Complete all wiring connections as 8 31 33 indicated in the sequence. Switch on 30 7 the main switch. Access the reed switch 32 29 with the magnetic pole. You will hear musical sound from the buzzer, and LED will light up. When the music is fnished, you can access the reed switch with the magnetic pole again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the music as before.

7 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use your fnger to touch the touch plate. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your fnger and try again. You will hear musical sound from the buzzer, and LED will light up. When the music is fnished, you can use your fnger to touch the touch plate again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the music as before. 32

Light control musical sound from buzzer with LED

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 13-25-42-4749, 3-7-28, 50-27, 4-12, 11-64, 63-26-41

47 64

100

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 30-46-47, 29-37-42, 31-45, 7-32, 33-36-41

Manual control amplifed musical doorbell with LED

25 13

Complete all wiring connections as 7 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Cover the LDR completely and then uncover it. You will hear musical sound from the buzzer, and LED will light up. When the music is finished, you can cover the LDR completely and then uncover it again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the music as before.

Complete all wiring connections as 3 4 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Press the push switch. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can press the push switch again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available. The sound in this circuit is stronger than usual as transistor is included in this circuit as an amplifer. 49

Magnet control amplifed musical doorbell with LED 64

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 13-25-42-47-46, 3-7-28, 45-27, 4-12, 64-11, 63-26-41

63 47

100

25 13

100

28 25

Complete all wiring connections as 4 3 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the doorbell music is finished, you can access the reed switch with the magnetic pole again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available. The sound in this circuit is stronger than usual as transistor is included in this circuit as an amplifer. 61

47 64 11

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 13-25-42-47-61, 3-7-28, 62-27, 4-12, 11-64, 63-26-41

Light control amplifed musical doorbell with LED

Complete all wiring connections as 3 4 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Cover the LDR completely and then uncover it. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can cover the LDR completely and then uncover it again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available. The sound in this circuit is stronger than usual as transistor is included in this circuit as an amplifer.

Tapping activated amplifed musical doorbell with LED

Wiring Sequence 8-48 13-25-42-47-73 3-7-28 74-27 4-12 64-11 63-26-41

Wiring Sequence

47 63

100

47 64

26 25

Complete all wiring connections as 4 3 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Tap the buzzer. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can tap the buzzer again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available. The sound in this circuit is stronger than usual as transistor is included in this circuit as an amplifer. 36

63 100

Complete all wiring connections as 4 3 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use your fnger to touch the touch plate. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your finger and try again. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can use your fnger to touch the touch plate again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available. The sound in this circuit is stronger than usual as transistor is included in this circuit as an amplifer. 73

Manual control amplifed musical sound with LED

41 16

Complete all wiring connections as 7 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Press the push switch. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the music sound is finished, you can press the push switch again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. The sound in this circuit is stronger than usual as transistor is included in this circuit as an amplifer.

70 14 10K

Complete all wiring connections as 7 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the music sound is fnished, you can access the reed switch with the magnetic pole again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. The sound in this circuit is stronger than usual as transistor is included in this circuit as an amplifer.

10K

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 30-42-47-61, 31-62, 7-15-32, 4-33-69, 14-70, 3-29, 16-41

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 30-42-47-49, 31-50, 7-15-32, 4-33-69, 14-70, 3-29, 16-41

Magnet control amplifed musical sound with LED

8-48 13-25-36-42-47 3-7-28 37-27 4-12 63-11 64-26-41

Touch control amplifed musical doorbell with LED

66 42

41 48

10K

Complete all wiring connections as 7 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Cover the LDR completely and then uncover it. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the music sound is fnished, you can cover the LDR completely and then uncover it again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. The sound in this circuit is stronger than usual as transistor is included in this circuit as an amplifer. 32

10K

Complete all wiring connections as 7 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Tap the buzzer. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the music sound is fnished, you can tap the buzzer again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. The sound in this circuit is stronger than usual as transistor is included in this circuit as an amplifer. 30

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 30-36-42-47, 31-37, 7-15-32, 4-33-69, 14-70, 3-29, 16-41

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 30-42-46-47, 31-45, 7-15-32, 4-33-69, 14-70, 3-29, 16-41

Tapping activated amplifed musical sound with LED 47

Light control amplifed musical sound with LED

Touch control amplifed musical sound with LED 8-48, 30-42-47-74, 31-73, 7-15-32, 4-33-69, 14-70 3-29, 16-41

Series connection of resistors Wiring Sequence

Wiring Sequence

8-2, 1-68-50,

49-67-69, 7-70

5 . 1K

10K 15

Parallel connection of resistors Wiring Sequence

Complete all wiring connections as 10K indicated in the sequence. The reading 69 70 of the meter will indicate that there is current passing through it. There are 2 resistors connected in series in this circuit. Press the push switch. Now one resistor is short circuited and current does not need to pass through it. The reading of the meter will increase, indicating a larger current fowing in the circuit.

7 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use your fnger to touch the touch plate. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your fnger and try again. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. When the music sound is fnished, you can use your fnger to touch the touch plate again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. The sound in this circuit is stronger than usual as transistor is included in this circuit as an amplifer.

Function of Light dependent resistor (LDR)

8-2, 1-69-71,

Wiring Sequence

8-2, 1-46, 65-45,

7-66

7-50-70, 72-49

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. The reading 1K 65 66 of the meter will be zero or slightly larger than zero. When the LDR is shone by light, the reading of the meter will increase. When it is shaded, the reading will decrease. This is to show that the resistance of LDR is changing according to the amount of light shining upon it. 45

10K Complete all wiring connections as 69 70 indicated in the sequence. The reading 71 72 49 50 of the meter will indicate that there is 100K current passing through it. There are 2 resistors connected in parallel in this circuit. One of them is already connected in the circuit while the other one is not. You will have to press the push switch to connect the latter one to the circuit. Now press the push switch. A parallel circuit of resistor is formed. Smaller resultant resistance is formed. The reading of the meter will increase, indicating a larger current fowing in the circuit.

0-3V Voltmeter 8-64, 63-39, 1-7,

Wiring Sequence 1-

8-9, 10-66, 65-39,

39 8

1-7, 2-40 7

2-40

Wiring Sequence

0-6V Voltmeter

100 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Adjust the variable resistor to a point that the reading of the meter is 3. Now the circuit is properly calibrated, and you can use this as a voltmeter to measure the voltage of a power source of range between 0-3V. For example, you have a battery and want to measure its voltage. First disconnect the connecting wire at spring 7 and connect it to the negative pole of that battery. Also disconnect the connecting wire at spring 8 and connect it to the positive pole of that battery. Now the reading on the meter indicates the voltage of the battery you are testing. Say, it points to 2. Then this indicates the output voltage of the battery is 2V.

9 10 66 65 Complete all wiring connections as 1k indicated in the sequence. Adjust the variable resistor to a point that the reading of the meter is 3. Now the circuit is properly calibrated, and you can use this as a voltmeter to measure the voltage of a power source of range between 0-6V. For example, you have a large battery and want to measure its voltage. First disconnect the connecting wire at spring 7 and connect it to the negative pole of that battery. Also disconnect the connecting wire at spring 10 and connect it to the positive pole of that battery. Now see the reading on the meter. Multiple the value by 2, and the number will be the value of the output voltage of the battery. For example, if the reading on the meter is 2.5, then multiple it by 2 gives 5. This means the voltage out put of the battery is 5V.

Discharging process of capacitor 8-48, 2-47-58, 1-70,

Wiring Sequence A

7-57-69

8-69, 2-70, 1-50-58,

57-49-47, 7-48

A 1-

69 10K

Complete all wiring connections as 47 48 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. You can see the pointer of the meter points to a certain value immediately. And then it will gradually fall back to zero, even the switch is still on. This is because the capacitor is charged fully. Thus no more electricity flows in the circuit. Then switch off the main switch and press the push switch. The capacitor will be discharged, and you can perform the experiment again.

10K

100UF

Complete all wiring connections as 100 UF indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. You can see the pointer of the meter points to a certain non-zero value. This indicates that there is current fowing in the circuit. After a few seconds, switch off the main switch. You can see the pointer of the meter gradually goes back to zero, instead of dropping back to zero immediately. This is due to the action of the capacitor which discharges the stored electricity gradually. When the discharge ends, the meter pointer returns to zero.

Generator

8 7

14 39

100

+ M -

Wiring Sequence 8-16-40, 48-10-7, 5-47, 6-12-15, 11-14-63, 39-64, 9-13-38

2+ 6

1-5, 2-6

Electric motor spinning clockwise and counter-clockwise

Wiring Sequence

Charging process of capacitor

11 9

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Turn the variable resistor to the minimum value. The motor will spin. If the variable resistor is turned to the maximum value, the motor will spin in a counter-direction.

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Try winding the motor. You can see the meterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pointer moves. This means there is current in the circuit. In this experiment, the motor is used as a generator to generate electricity .

WARNING: Take away the color filter and fan in this experiment. Do not connect the color filter and fan with the motor. Otherwise components may get overheated. Do not turn on the circuit for more than 3 minutes. Otherwise components may get overheated.

78 1-

67 5.1K 74

Complete all wiring connections as 48 47 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Put the fnger of the test subject on the touch plate. The meter can detect changes of the resistance of the skin and indicates whether the subject lies or not. This experiment makes use of the phenomenon that skin resistance of a person will decrease when he/she lies.

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Turn the variable resistor to minimum. Red LED will light up and green LED will extinguish. Turn the variable resistor to maximum. Green LED will light up and red LED will extinguish. This principle can be used for indicating the change of direction of automobile, as different direction will cause different LED to light up and extinguish. 13

63 100

10K

7 12 11

67 5k1

Wiring Sequence 8-2, 1-70, 12-69, 11-68, 67-74, 13-48-73, 47-7

14 40

Wiring Sequence 8-16-21-40, 7-48, 42-63, 12-15-20-64, 11-14-67, 39-68, 13-38-41-47

Lie detector 16

Direction-change indicator

80 70

Wiring Sequence 8-47, 70-48-46, 2-69, 1-16, 39-14, 45-40, 38-15-7

10K 39

10K

40 45

82 Microphone tester 48

100

8 7

84 12

7 48

21 13

16 61

Complete all wiring connections as 100uF indicated in the sequence. Switch on 70 69 10k the main switch. LED will light up. Use the magnetic pole to access the reed switch, and then remove the magnetic pole. LED will extinguish. Then wait for a time period, LED will light up again! You can repeat the experiment without switching off the main switch.

10k

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. LED will light up. Then cover the LDR completely. LED will extinguish. Do not uncover the LDR and wait. After a while, LED will light up again! And then if you uncover the LDR, the status will be just like the beginning of the experiment. You can repeat the experiment without switching off the main switch. 70

100K

7 48

100uF

21 13

57 58

100K

Wiring Sequence 7-48, 21-13, 8-12-62-72, 11-16 71-57-14, 70-58-61, 15-20-47-69

Magnet control extinguish-and-light LED

Light control extinguish-and-light LED Wiring Sequence 7-48, 21-13, 8-12-46-72, 11-16, 71-57-14, 70-58-45, 15-20-47-69

8 7

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on 44 14 the main switch. 43 Now speak loudly near the microphone or blow to it. If the pointer deflects, then this shows that the microphone is working.

Complete all wiring connections as 12+ indicated in the sequence. Switch on 39 14 the main switch. Touch the touchplate with fnger and adjust the variable resistor to a suitable position. The meter pointer will deflect immediately. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your finger and try again. When placing this circuit indoor, the meter pointer will defect when the moisture increases to a certain degree.

5.1k

10K

Wiring Sequence 8-47, 63-68-48, 14-44-67, 2-16-64, 43-15-7-1

Meter type moisture detector Wiring Sequence 8-47, 74-70-48, 2-69, 1-16, 39-14, 40-73, 38-15-7

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch 39 14 on the main switch. Try to adjust the variable resistor to a suitable position. If it is at a suitable position, you can see the pointer of the meter is pointing to a value which is larger than zero. And then when the LDR is shaded, the pointer will immediately drop to zero. Once the covering object is removed, the pointer will go back to the original position. This circuit can be used as a moving object detector. When something passed by the LDR, it will be shaded for a brief moment and you can see the pointer moves. 38

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on 7 8 the main switch. Adjusting the variable resistor will alter the reading of the meter. This is a simplifed circuit of adjustable voltage divider. The amount of electricity can be altered by adjusting the variable resistor.

8-47, 48-40, 2-39,

1-70, 69-38-7

Wiring Sequence

Moving object detector 70

Adjustable voltage divider

86 12

8 7

100uF

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch, then the fan will spin. Now cover the LRD completely. The fan will stop spinning for a while. However, after keeping on covering the LDR for a time period, the fan will suddenly start to spin again! If you uncover the LDR, then the fan will spin even faster for a while! After some time, the spinning speed will gradually back to normal. Cover the LDR again will stop the spinning again and the process mentioned above can be repeated. 69

10k

88 12 16

13 6

100uF 15

M -

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch, then after a while the fan will spin. Press the push switch, and the spinning speed will be changed for a while. Do not release the push switch, and the speed will gradually back to the original spinning speed. And then release the push switch. The spinning will stop for a while. After waiting for some time, the spinning will resume again like it did at the beginning of the experiment! 5

58 57 14 M Complete all wiring connections as 100uF indicated in the sequence. Switch on 70 69 10k the main switch, then after a while the fan will spin. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. The spinning speed will be changed for a while, and gradually back to the original spinning speed. Remove the magnetic pole, and then the spinning will stop for a while. After waiting for some time, the spinning will resume again like it did at the beginning of the experiment! 15

71 14

10k

100K 58

Wiring Sequence 7-48, 6-13, 8-12-50-72, 11-16, 71-57-14, 70-58-49, 5-15-47-69

100K

Manual control stop-and- spin electric fan

Magnet control stop-and-spin electric fan

90 Connection indicator 69

64 63

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on 14 the main switch. Small red LED will light up and large red LED extinguish. Press 100k the push switch. Large red LED will light up and small red LED extinguish. This principle can be use for indicating the break/connect of circuit: When the door, car-door or window is closed, this is just like the push switch is being pressed, and thus large red LED lights up while small red LED does not. When the door, car-door or window is opened, this is just like the push switch is released, and thus small red LED lights up while large red LED does not. 72

Complete all wiring connections as 14 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Drop a drop of 100k water on the touch-plate, then large red LED will light up and small red LED will extinguish. Wipe the water off the touch-plate. Then small red LED will light up and large red LED will extinguish. This principle can be used for rain indicating or water-level warning. When it rains or water-level goes beyond warning level, large red LED will light up, small red LED will extinguish. Otherwise large red LED will extinguish and small red LED will light up. 72

70 10K

Wiring Sequence 8-47, 21-48-64-70, 14-49-71, 50-69, 16-20-42-63, 72-41-15-7

Rain indicator Wiring Sequence 8-47, 21-48-64-74, 14-71-73, 16-20-42-63, 72-41-15-7

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. LED will light up. Press the push switch, and then release it. LED will extinguish. Then wait for a time period, LED will light up again! You can repeat the experiment without switching off the main switch.

Wiring Sequence 7-48, 6-13, 8-12-62-72, 11-16, 71-57-14, 70-58-61, 5-15-47-69

100uF 10k

100K

21 13

100K

Wiring Sequence 7-48, 6-13, 8-12-46-72, 11-16, 71-57-14, 70-58-45, 5-15-47-69

Wiring Sequence

7-48 21-13 8-12-50-72 11-16 71-57-14 70-58-49 15-20-47-69

Light control stop-and-spin electric fan

Manual control extinguish-and-light LED

92 67

68 5.1k

Wiring Sequence 10-12-68, 67-40, 14-39, 11-16, 13-23, 15-22-38-47, 8-9, 7-48

94 10 12

14 23

10k

100uf

48 7

8 9

+ V-OU T -

70 10k

42 65

100

Wiring Sequence 10-50-12, 8-9, 7-48, 49-58-70, 14-69, 13-23, 57-47-22-15, 11-16

63 12

Manual control delayed extinguishing 6V LED

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. LED will light up. Adjust the variable resistor from minimum to maximum, the meter pointer will also change from minimum to maximum, and the output voltage will also change from minimum to maximum. At this time, the voltage indicated by the meter is the output voltage. This indicates the voltage that will be provided when connecting a device to VOUT+ and VOUT-. You can just assume VOUT+ and VOUT- are +ve and â&#x20AC;&#x201C;ve poles of a battery which is a source of electricity power. For example, adjust the variable resistor so that the reading of the meter is 3V. Then connect the motor to VOUT+ and VOUT- . At this time, there will be a 3V current pass through the motor to make it work. In practice, this circuitry can be adjusted per desired voltage. It is easy and practical.

96 Manual control motor dory sound with red LED

57 100UF

+ 470uf

3 4 16

50 14 59

63 100

52 71

Co mplete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Press the push switch. The circuit will be connected and thus the speaker will produce motor dory sound. At the same time red LED will light up. And then release the push switch. The circuit is disconnected and thus everything will stop.

10k

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Access the reed switch with a magnetic pole. LED will light up. After you have removed the magnetic pole, just wait for some time and see. LED light will gradually extinguish. 57

9 13

66 1k

65 41

203

100K

Wiring Sequence 8-9, 7-48, 60-42-64-4, 10-63, 66-16-3, 37-51-65, 72-52-36-11, 12-41, 58-49-13, 57-50-14 , 71-59-47-15

72 36

Magnet control delayed extinguishing 6V LED Wiring Sequence 10-61-12, 8-9, 7-48, 58-62-70, 14-69, 13-23, 57-47-22-15, 11-16

48 7

93 Practical voltage adjustable circuitry Wiring Sequence 63-66-12-10, 64-40, 14-39, 11-16, 13-15-69-VOUT(+), 1-38-41-47 -VOUT(-), 65-42, 70-2, 8-9, 7-48

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Adjust the variable resistor from minimum to maximum, the brightness will change from dim to bright. 23

Complete all wiring connections as 10 9 8 7 47 48 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. The 6V LED will light up. Since the LED used in this circuitry is a 6V LED, it is brighter than 2.5V LED and small LED.

10-23, 48-22, 8-9,

7-47

8 9

Wiring Sequence

Adjustable LED light 12

6V LED

100uf

98 10 9 + 470uf

62 14 59

57 100UF

100 3 4

62 14 59 57 100UF

10 9

+ 470uf

9 8

100UF Co mplete all wiring connections as 47 48 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Then use the magnetic pole to access the reed switch. The circuit will be connected and thus the speaker will produce motor dory sound. At the same time red LED will light up. When the magnetic pole is removed from the reed switch, the circuit is disconnected and thus everything will stop.

65 1k

100

104

10 16 60

+ 470uf

100K

62 14 15

61 13

Wiring Sequence 8-9, 7-48, 60-42-64-4, 10-63, 66-16-3, 37-53-65, 72-54-36-11, 12-41, 61-58-13, 62-57-14, 71-59-47-15

3 4

64 100

203

72 36

65 1k

Magnet control ship sound with LED

72 36

Magnet control motor dory sound with red LED

Co mplete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Then use the magnetic pole to access the reed switch. The circuit will be connected and thus the speaker will produce ship sound. At the same time LED will light up. When the magnetic pole is removed from the reed switch, the circuit is disconnected and thus everything will stop.

101

102 14

9 + 470uf

50 57 100UF

16 58

3 4

1K 66

Complete all wiring connections as 47 48 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Then use the magnetic pole to access the reed switch. The circuit is then connected and the speaker will make a sound and LED will light up. Remove the magnetic pole, then LED will fash and gradually extinguish. At the same time speaker will produce “dic, dic” sound and gradually stop. Both LED and speaker are like oscillating and will fade out gradually. 71

10uf

57 100UF

+ 470uf

100

100K

16 60

62 14

Wiring Sequence 8-9, 7-48, 60-42-64-4, 10-63, 66-16-3, 56-65, 72-55-11, 12-41, 49-58-13, 50-57-14, 71-59-47-15

100 41

10uf

65 1K 66

Manual control electronic metronome with LED 3 4

Magnet control electronic metronome with LED Wiring Sequence 8-9, 7-48, 60-42-64-4, 10-63, 66-16-3, 56-65, 72-55-11, 12-41, 61-58-13, 62-57-14, 71-59-47-15

Complete all wiring connections as 47 48 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. The circuit will be connected and thus the speaker will produce bell sound. At the same time LED will light up. And then take away the magnetic pole. The circuit is disconnected and thus everything will stop.

100UF Complete all wiring connections as 47 48 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Press the push switch. The circuit will be connected and thus the speaker will produce ship sound. At the same time LED will light up. And then release the push switch. The circuit is disconnected and thus everything will stop.

Wiring Sequence 8-9, 7-48, 60-42-64-4, 10-63, 66-16-3, 37-51-65, 72-52-36-11, 12-41, 61-58-13, 62-57-14, 71-59-47-15

12 72 36

8 9 7

100K

100 41

+ 470uf

65 1k 37

63 10

50 14

3 4

100K

72 36

65 1k

100

104

3 4

Wiring Sequence 8-9, 7-48, 60-42-64-4, 10-63, 66-16-3, 37-65, 72-36-11, 12-41, 61-58-13, 62-57-14, 71-59-47-15

Wiring Sequence

Complete all wiring connections as 47 48 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Then press the push switch. The circuit is then connected and the speaker will make a sound and LED will light up. Release the push switch, then LED will fash and gradually extinguish. At the same time speaker will produce “dic, dic” sound and gradually stop. Both LED and speaker are like oscillating and will fade away gradually. 71

8-9, 7-48, 60-42-64-4, 10-63, 66-16-3, 37-53-65, 72-54-36-11, 12-41, 58-49-13, 57-50-14, 71-59-47-15

Magnet control bell sound with LED

Manual control ship sound with LED

103

104

105

3 4

73 14

+ 470uf

8 9

100UF Complete all wiring connections as 47 48 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Then touch the touch-plate with fnger. The circuit will be connected and thus the speaker will produce motor dory sound. At the same time, red LED will light up. When the finger is removed from the touch-plate, the circuit is disconnected and thus everything will stop. Note that you may have to dampen your finger with water before touching the touch-plate, and wipe the water off the touch plate after you remove your fnger from it.

106 Multitone producer

107

9 63 10

100k

203 51 39 38

Light control musical doorbell with meter 7

Wiring Sequence 47-46-25-4-2, 8-48, 7-28, 1-3-26, 27-45

26 28

14 100k 62

203 51 39 38

24 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Cover the LDR completely and then uncover it. You will hear musical doorbell from the speaker. At the same time the pointer of the meter will oscillate to the rhythm of the musical doorbell. When the music is fnished, you can cover and then uncover the LDR again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. The pointer of the meter will also oscillate to the rhythm of the musical doorbell as before.

100

47 2+ 4

3 4

59 470uf

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use the magnetic pole to access the reed switch. Then the circuit will be connected and the loudspeaker will make a noisy sound and LED will light up. Adjusting the variable resistor for changing the resistance will affect the sound and the brightness of the LED.

100

C omplete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Then the loudspeaker will make a noisy sound and LED will light up. Adjusting the variable resistor for changing the resistance will affect the sound and the brightness of the LED.

3 4

470uf

108

Magnet control multitone producer Wiring Sequence 8-9, 7-47, 72-60-12-64, 63-10, 71-61, 62-52-14, 11-16, 42-15, 40-13-4, 59-48-41-3, 51-39

100UF Complete all wiring connections as 47 48 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Then touch the touch-plate with fnger. The circuit will be connected and thus the speaker will produce ship sound. At the same time, LED will light up. When the fnger is removed from the touch-plate, the circuit is disconnected and thus everything will stop. Note that you may have to dampen your finger with water before touching the touch-plate, and wipe the water off the touch plate after you remove your fnger from it.

100K

+ 470uf

73 14

8 9

42 16

74 13

Wiring Sequence 8-9, 7-47, 72-60-12-64, 63-10, 71-52-14, 11-16, 42-15, 40-13-4, 59-48-41-3, 51-39

63 100

3 4

72 36

65 1k 104

Touch control ship sound with LED Wiring Sequence 8-9, 7-48, 60-42-64-4, 10-63, 66-16-3, 37-65-53, 72-54-36-11, 12-41, 74-58-13, 73-57-14, 71-59-47-15

Complete all wiring connections as 47 48 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Then touch the touch-plate with fnger. The circuit will be connected and thus the speaker will produce bell sound. At the same time, red LED will light up. When the fnger is removed from the touch-plate, the circuit is disconnected and thus everything will stop. Note that you may have to dampen your finger with water before touching the touch-plate, and wipe the water off the touch plate after you remove your fnger from it.

+ 470uf

57 100UF

100K

65 1k

100

203 12

16 73 14

12 72 36

63 100

3 4

65 1k

Wiring Sequence 8-9, 7-48, 60-42-64-4, 10-63, 66-16-3, 37-65-51, 72-52-36-11, 12-41, 74-58-13, 73-57-14, 71-59-47-15

Wiring Sequence

8-9, 7-48, 60-42-64-4, 10-63, 66-16-3, 37-65, 72-36-11, 12-41, 74-58-13, 73-57-14, 71-59-47-15

Touch control motor dory sound with red LED

72 36

Touch control bell sound with red LED

109

110

Manual control musical doorbell with meter 50-47-25-4-2, 8-48, 7-28, 27-49, 1-3-26

Magnet control musical doorbell with meter Wiring Sequence 62-47-25-4-2, 8-48, 7-28, 27-61, 1-3-26

Wiring Sequence

47 2+

47 2+ 4

28 25

Complete all wiring connections as 49 50 27 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Press the push switch. You will hear musical doorbell from the speaker. At the same time the pointer of the meter will oscillate to the rhythm of the musical doorbell. When the music is fnished, you can press the push switch again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. The pointer of the meter will also oscillate to the rhythm of the musical doorbell as before.

61 62 27 Complete all wiring connections as 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. You will hear musical doorbell from the speaker. At the same time the pointer of the meter will oscillate to the rhythm of the musical doorbell. When the music is fnished, you can access the reed switch with the magnetic pole again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. The pointer of the meter will also oscillate to the rhythm of the musical doorbell as before.

111

112

Touch control musical doorbell with meter Wiring Sequence 74-47-25-4-2, 8-48, 7-28, 27-73, 1-3-26

Tapping activated musical doorbell with meter 47

2+ 4

Wiring Sequence 36-47-25-4-2, 8-48, 7-28, 27-37, 1-3-26

47 2+ 4

73 74 Complete all wiring connections as 27 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use your finger to touch the touch plate. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your finger and try again. You will hear musical doorbell from the speaker. At the same time the pointer of the meter will oscillate to the rhythm of the musical doorbell. When the music is fnished, you can use your fnger to touch the touch plate again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. The pointer of the meter will also oscillate to the rhythm of the musical doorbell as before.

Complete all wiring connections as 37 27 24 indicated in the sequence. Switch on 36 the main switch. Tap the buzzer. You will hear musical doorbell from the speaker. At the same time the pointer of the meter will oscillate to the rhythm of the musical doorbell. When the music is fnished, you can tap the buzzer again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. The pointer of the meter will also oscillate to the rhythm of the musical doorbell as before.

113

114 Magnet control musical sound with meter Wiring Sequence 8-48, 61-47-30, 29-2-4, 62-31, 33-3-1, 7-32

8 33

3 31

47 61

Manual control musical sound with meter Wiring Sequence 8-48, 50-47-30, 29-2-4, 49-31, 33-3-1, 7-32

Complete all wiring connections as 7 30 32 indicated in the sequence. Switch on 29 the main switch. Press the push switch. You will hear musical sound from the speaker. At the same time the pointer of the meter will oscillate to the rhythm of the music. When the music is fnished, you can press the push switch again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. The pointer of the meter will also oscillate to the rhythm of the music as before.

8 31

Complete all wiring connections as 7 30 indicated in the sequence. Switch on 32 29 the main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. You will hear musical sound from the speaker. At the same time the pointer of the meter will oscillate to the rhythm of the music. When the music is fnished, you can access the reed switch with the magnetic pole again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. The pointer of the meter will also oscillate to the rhythm of the music as before. 33

115

116

Touch control musical sound with meter 8-48, 73-47-30, 29-2-4, 74-31, 33-3-1, 7-32

Tapping activated musical sound with meter

Wiring Sequence

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 47-36-30, 29-4-2, 37-31, 33-3-1, 7-32

36 74

8 31

117

118 47

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 62-47-42-3825-13, 3-7-28, 63-41-26, 4-12, 6127 39-11, 64-40

8 42

100 11

38 39

Magnet control musical doorbell and LED with volume control 42 64

26 28 25

25 49

63 100 11

Manual control musical doorbell and LED with volume control

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Press the push switch. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. Volume can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can press the push switch again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available. 4

119

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. Volume can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can use the magnetic pole to access the reed switch again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

120 47

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 47-42-38-36-25-13, 3-7-28, 63-41-26, 4-12, 37-27, 39-11, 64-40

8 42

41 26

100 11

25 27

8 42

26 28

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Cover the LDR completely and then uncover it. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. Volume can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can cover the LDR completely and then uncover it again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

100 25

38 39

Tapping activated musical doorbell and LED with volume control

Light control musical doorbell and LED with volume control Wiring Sequence 8-48, 46-47-42-38-25-13, 3-7-28, 63-41-26 4-12, 45-27, 39-11, 64-40

8 31

C omplete all wiring connections as 7 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Tap the buzzer. You will hear musical sound from the speaker. At the same time the pointer of the meter will oscillate to the rhythm of the music. When the music is finished, you can tap the buzzer again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. The pointer of the meter will also oscillate to the rhythm of the music as before.

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 50-47-42-38-25-13, 3-7-28, 63-41-26, 4-12, 49-27, 39-11, 64-40

7 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use your finger to touch the touch plate. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your finger and try again. You will hear musical sound from the speaker. At the same time the pointer of the meter will oscillate to the rhythm of the music. When the music is fnished, you can use your fnger to touch the touch plate again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. The pointer of the meter will also oscillate to the rhythm of the music as before.

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Tap the buzzer. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. Volume can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can tap the buzzer again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

121

122

Touch control musical doorbell and LED with volume control 7

8 41

47 21

42 63

100

10K 73

7 Complete all wiring connections as 4 3 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Press the push switch. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and the large LED will light up. When the music is fnished, you can press the push switch again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again.

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 21-30-47-49, 31-50, 7-15-32, 4-33-69, 14-70, 3-29, 16-20

8-48, 74-47-42-3825-13, 3-7-28, 63-41-26, 4-12, 7327, 39-11, 64-40

Wiring Sequence

Manual control musical sound with large LED

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use your fnger to touch the touch plate. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your fnger and try again. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will light up. Volume can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can use your fnger to touch the touch plate again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

123

124

47 33

10K

30 15

7 Complete all wiring connections as 4 3 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and the large LED will light up. When the music is fnished, you can access the reed switch with the magnetic pole again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. 32

125

7 4 3 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Cover the LDR completely and then uncover it. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and the large LED will light up. When the music is fnished, you can cover and then uncover the LDR again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. 32

126 16

31 33

47 31

Complete all wiring connections as 4 3 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Tap the buzzer. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and the large LED will light up. When the music is fnished, you can tap the buzzer again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. 7

69 10K

10K 30

20 48

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 21-30-47-74, 31-73, 7-15-32, 4-33-69, 14-70, 3-29, 16-20

Touch control musical sound with large LED

Tapping activated musical sound with large LED Wiring Sequence 8-48, 21-30-36-47, 31-37, 7-15-32, 4-33-69, 14-70, 3-29, 16-20

20 48

47 16

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 21-30-46-47, 31-45, 7-15-32, 4-33-69, 14-70, 3-29, 16-20

21 62

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 21-30-47-61, 31-62, 7-15-32, 4-33-69, 14-70, 3-29, 16-20

Light control musical sound with large LED

Magnet control musical sound with large LED

Complete all wiring connections as 4 3 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use your fnger to touch the touch plate. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and large LED will light up. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your fnger and try again. When the music is fnished, you can use your fnger to touch the touch plate again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. 32

127

128 40

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 61-47-38-25-13-4, 7-20-28, 63-26-3, 21-12, 62-27, 39-11, 64-40

8 4

100 11

28 25 12

100

25 62

129

8 3

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Press the push switch. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will fash to the rhythm of the music. The brightness of the LED can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can press the push switch again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will flash to the rhythm of the music. The brightness of the LED can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can access the reed switch with the magnetic pole again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

130 47

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 47-38-36-25-13-4, 7-20-28, 63-26-3, 21-12, 37-27, 39-11, 64-40

8 4

100 11

25 27

8 4

100

28 25

131

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Cover the LDR completely and then uncover it. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will flash to the rhythm of the music. The brightness of the LED can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can cover the LDR completely and then uncover it again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

38 39

Tapping activated musical doorbell with adjustable LED

Light control musical doorbell with adjustable LED

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Tap the buzzer. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will fash to the rhythm of the music. The brightness of the LED can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the doorbell music is fnished, you can tap the buzzer again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

132 100 11

25 27

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use your fnger to touch the touch plate. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your fnger and try again. You will hear musical doorbell sound from the speaker, and LED will fash to the rhythm of the music. The brightness of the LED can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the doorbell music is finished, you can use your fnger to touch the touch plate again. Then the IC will be triggered again and play the next doorbell music. There are a total of 7 doorbell music available.

33 40

7 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Press the push switch. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will flash to the rhythm of the music. The brightness of the LED can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the music is fnished, you can press the push switch again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. 4

20 48

8 26

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 49-47-30-21, 7-15-32-38, 16-20, 40-33-4, 50-31, 39-14, 29-3

4 63

38 39

Manual control musical sound with adjustable LED

Touch Control musical doorbell with adjustable LED Wiring Sequence 8-48, 74-47-38-25-13-4, 7-20-28, 63-26-3, 21-12, 73-27, 39-11, 64-40

4 64

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 47-46-38-25-13-4, 7-20-28, 63-26-3, 21-12, 45-27, 39-11, 64-40

40 39

8-48, 50-47-38-25-13-4, 7-20-28, 63-26-3, 21-12, 49-27, 39-11, 64-40

Wiring Sequence

Magnet control musical doorbell with adjustable LED

Manual control musical doorbell with adjustable LED

133

134 31

135

47 48 40

7 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Cover the LDR completely and then uncover it. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will fash to the rhythm of the music. The brightness of the LED can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the music is fnished, you can cover the LDR completely and then uncover it again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. 32

7 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Access the reed switch with the magnetic pole. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will fash to the rhythm of the music. The brightness of the LED can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the music is fnished, you can access the reed switch with the magnetic pole again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again.

136

137

39 40

7 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Use your fnger to touch the touch plate. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your fnger and try again. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will fash to the rhythm of the music. The brightness of the LED can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the music is fnished, you can use your fnger to touch the touch plate again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. 32

33 30

7 Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Tap the buzzer. You will hear musical sound from the speaker, and LED will fash to the rhythm of the music. The brightness of the LED can be adjusted by adjusting the variable resistor. When the music is fnished, you can tap the buzzer again. Then the IC will be triggered and play the music again. 4

s772

20 48

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 74-47-30-21, 7-15-32-38, 16-20, 40-33-4, 73-31, 39-14, 29-3

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 47-36-30-21, 7-15-32-38, 16-20, 40-33-4, 37-31, 39-14, 29-3

Touch control musical sound with adjustable LED

Tapping activated musical sound with adjustable LED

138 8 10

13 23

9 47

48 47

100uf

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. LED will light up. Then cover the LDR completely. Wait for some time and see. It may take a long time, but the LED will gradually extinguish.

5.1k

12 16

73 68

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Put your fnger on the touch plate and LED will light up. Note that if there is no response, you may have to dampen your fnger and try again. After you have removed your fnger and wipe off the water on the touch plate, just wait for some time and see. It may take a long time, but the LED will gradually extinguish. 57

Wiring Sequence 46-12-8, 7-10, 9-48, 14-65, 45-58-66, 11-16, 13-23, 57-47-22-15

Light control delayed extinguishing LED

Touch control delayed extinguishing LED Wiring Sequence 74-12-8, 7-10, 9-48, 14-67, 11-16, 13-23, 57-47-22-15, 58-68-73

12 30

Wiring Sequence 8-48, 47-46-30-21, 7-15-32-38, 16-20, 40-33-4, 45-31, 39-14, 29-3

Wiring Sequence

8-48, 61-47-30-21, 7-15-32-38, 16-20, 40-33-4, 62-31, 39-14, 29-3

Light control musical sound with adjustable LED

Magnet control musical sound with adjustable LED

100uf

140

139

141

23 13

71 57

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. LED will light up. Then cover the LDR completely. LED will extinguish. Do not uncover the LDR and wait. After a while, LED will light up again! And then if you uncover the LDR, the statue will be just like the beginning of the experiment. You can repeat the experiment without switching off the main switch. 70

10k

142 8 7 9 48

10K

70 67

5.1K 100K

18 40 38

Wiring Sequence 2-8, 1-70, 69-12, 11-68, 67-49, 13-48-50, 47-7

144 PNP transistor tester 10K 70

44 69

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Turn the variable resistor from minimum to maximum, and the super LED light will change from dim to bright. Adjust the variable resistor to a position which just causes the light to be extinguished. And then if you clap your hands near the microphone, blow to the microphone, or speak loudly near the microphone will cause the super LED to light up.

143 16

NPN transistor tester 69

39 10K

Wiring Sequence 2-8-50, 1-70, 16-69, 14-71, 72-49, 47-15, 48-7

63 100

100uF 10k

23 13

16 71

Wiring Sequence 7-10, 23-18, 8-19-44-63-66, 16-35-65, 40-64, 14-43-70, 15-22-38-47-69, 9-48, 39-34-17

100K

Adjustable and blow activate super LED light

Manual control extinguish-and-light super LED light Wiring Sequence 72-50-12-8, 7-10, 9-48, 14-57-71, 11-16, 13-23, 70-47-22-15, 49-58-69

100uF

Complete all wiring connections as 39 indicated in the sequence. Switch on 46 45 the main switch. The LED will not light up since there is light falling on the LDR. When the LDR is shaded completely, the LED will light up. This circuit can be used as darkness activated lighting system. For example, street light will be off automatically during day time. When night falls, no light falls on the light sensor (LDR in this case), the circuit will be switched on, and thus street light will light up in the evening automatically. Note that in this experiment you can adjust the variable resistor to adjust the sensitivity of the LDR.

48 9

100K

23 13

Wiring Sequence 72-46-12-8, 7-10, 9-48, 69-47-22-15, 14-57-71, 11-16, 13-23, 70-58-45

71 100k 72

71-12-8, 7-10, 9-48, 46-39, 14-40-72, 11-16, 13-23, 45-47-22-15

Wiring Sequence

Light control extinguish-and-light super LED light

Adjustable darkness activated LED (Large LED)

Complete all wiring connections as 48 47 indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. Nothing happens. Then press the push switch. The pointer of the meter will point to a non-zero value. This indicates the transistor is functioning properly.

Complete all wiring connections as 49 50 indicated in the sequence. Switch on 47 48 7 8 the main switch. Nothing happens. Then press the push switch. The pointer of the meter will point to a non-zero value. This indicates the transistor is functioning properly.

145 Luminary indicator 69 11

67 5.1K

Complete all wiring connections as indicated in the sequence. Switch on the main switch. The pointer of the meter will point to a certain non-zero value as there is light falling on the LDR. When you shade the LDR, the reading of the meter will decrease. When the LDR is covered completely, the reading of the meter will fall back to zero. Circuit of this kind can be used as luminary indicator, to indicate or compare the brightness of light sources.

10K

8-2, 1-70, 12-69, 11-68, 67-46, 13-45-48, 47-7

Wiring Sequence

GLOSSARY Amplifier - An electronic circuit that amplifies the signal that is sent to it. The amplifying component can be a transistor, vacuum tube or appropriate magnetic device.

Microphone - A device converts sound into an electrical or acoustic signal Motor – A device converts electrical energy to mechanical motion.

Battery - A source of energy. It contains active materials which will be irreversibly converted during the chemical reaction.

Reed Switch –A magnetically controlled switch made to open and close a circuit.

Capacitance – A measurement of the capacity of a capacitor for storing electric charge.

Resistance – A measurement of the degree to which an object opposes an electrical current through it.

Capacitor - A device consists of two conductors that are separated by an insulator. It is designed for storing electrical charge or as a flter in the circuit.

Resistor - A device designed for possessing resistance.

Circuit – A system of interconnected components / Speaker - A device that changes electrical signals to sound. devices such as power source, resistors, capacitors and transistors…etc. Switch - A device for opening and closing power source to a circuit Diode – A device which is used in electric circuitry to allow an electric current to fow in single direction and block it in the reverse direction.

Transistor - A semi-conductor material device that amplifes a signal and opens or closes a circuit.

IC (Integrated Circuit) – A small electronic device made of a semiconductor material and is used for a variety of devices, including microprocessors, electronic equipment and automobiles.

Truth Table – It is a mathematical table used to logically compute the values of logical explication and as a decision procedure. Variable Resistor – A kind of resistor and a device of adjustable resistance in the electronic / electrical circuit.

LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) – A device with a layer of cadmium sulphide (CdS) material that changes resistance according to the amount of light shining on it.

Wire – A component which is used in the electronic / electrical industry as a conductor that is used to carry electricity or signals.

LED (Light Emitting Diode) – A diode emits light when current is passing through it. Meter – An instrument which is used to measure electricity.

If at any time in the future you should need to dispose of this product please note that waste electrical products should not be disposed of with household waste.Please recycle where facilities exist. Check with your local authority or retailer forrecycling advice. (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive) An educational product by Mexus Education Pvt. Ltd. (formerly Axiom Education Pvt. Ltd.) Regd. Off.: No. 135 / 2 / A, Muktanand Marg, Chala, Vapi-396191 (Gujarat) Mumbai Office: 512, Midas, Sahar Plaza Complex, M V Road, J.B. Nagar, Andheri (E), Mumbai 400 059. For Customer Care Contact: +91 922 322 4044 Email: help@iken.in For sales enquiry: sales@iken.in

ENG

Notes