2023 FAMU Undergraduate Research Symposium

The FAMU Office of Undergraduate Research

The Office of Undergraduate Research (OUR) seeks to increase the number of students participating in and completing mentored undergraduate research and internship opportunities by collaborating with FAMU’s colleges and schools as well as external entities These opportunities are designed to encourage and motivate undergraduate students to fully leverage these unique extensions of their academic careers. It is our intention, as a result of these experiences, to better position students to enter the workforce with applied knowledge and skills essential to their success.

Research Symposium Purpose

The Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) Undergraduate Research Symposium (URS) provides a platform for undergraduate students to showcase their research, creative work, and academic achievements to a broader audience. This URS allows students to engage in scholarly discourse, network with peers and professionals, and develop communication and presentation skills. Our undergraduates have an opportunity to foster a culture of collaboration and innovation among undergraduates by encouraging interdisciplinary dialogue and promoting the sharing of ideas across fields.

Consequently, the FAMU Undergraduate Research Symposium helps inspire and recognize our undergraduates’ academic and intellectual accomplishments while providing a valuable opportunity for personal and professional growth.

About Florida A&M University

Founded October 3, 1887, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) is a public, historically Black university located in Tallahassee, Florida. What distinguishes FAMU from other universities is its legacy of providing access to a high-quality, affordable education with programs and services that guide students toward successfully achieving their dreams. FAMU is part of the State University System of Florida and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges. In addition to the main Tallahassee campus, FAMU has several satellite campuses across Florida. These include the College of Law in Orlando and the College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, which has sites in Crestview, Tampa, Jacksonville, and Miami.

QUICK FACTS

•Enrolls nearly 10,000 students from across the United States and more than 70 countries.

•2020-2021 Academic Profile (Admitted First Time in College Students) – 3.67 GPA / 23 ACT

•Retention Rate 82% / Acceptance Rate 30%

•One-third of summer and fall 2020 incoming students majored in S.T.E.A.M.

ACCOLADES

•Ranked #104 in 2022U.S. News & World Report Rankings

oHighest ranked public HBCU (for three consecutive years)

o#13 in social mobility

•23 Degree programs ranked in top 10

•Number 1 HBCU for Research and Development (National Science Foundation)

•Named Fulbright HBCU Institutional Leader

University Mission Statement

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) is an 1890 land grant, doctoral/research institution devoted to student success at the undergraduate, graduate, doctoral and professional levels. FAMU enhances the lives of its constituents and empowers communities through innovative teaching, research, scholarship, partnerships, and public service. The University continues its rich legacy and historic mission of educating African Americans and embraces all dimensions of diversity.

University Vision Statement

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) will be recognized as a leading national public university that is internationally renowned for its competitive graduates, transformative research, and innovation.

University Values

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University is committed to the values of accountability, inclusion, innovation, and integrity. The University also values and endorses the Board of Governors’ Statement of Free Expression and expects openminded and tolerant civil discourse to take place throughout the campus community. These values represent the tenets that guide our actions, enable us to sustain our historical mission, and realize our strategic plan.

April 13, 2023

Dear students, faculty members, and guests,

It is with great pleasure that I extend my support for the Undergraduate Research Symposium. As the Chief Operating Officer of this esteemed institution, I firmly believe that research is an essential component of higher education. This symposium provides an excellent platform for undergraduate students to showcase their research, creativity, and critical thinking skills.

I am thrilled to see the passion and dedication that our students have demonstrated towards research. Their work is a testament to their commitment to making significant contributions to their respective fields. Furthermore, the undergraduate research symposium is a great testament to our commitment to excellence in undergraduate research. It is a perfect opportunity for students to engage in problem-solving, critical thinking, and innovative thinking. The symposium also emphasizes teamwork, communication, and presentation skills, which are essential skills for success in any profession.

Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to the organizers of the Undergraduate Research Symposium. Their hard work and dedication have made this event possible. I urge all participants to embrace this opportunity to fully and showcase their best work. I wish everyone the best of luck, and I'm looking forward to seeing the incredible work that our students have accomplished.

Sincerely,

Maurice Edington, Ph.D.

Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer

April 14, 2023

Dear Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Undergraduate Research Symposium Scholars, Faculty, and Participants;

Congratulations on being selected to participate in the FAMU undergraduate research process. Your engagement in opportunities like these is critical to the investment in your future as a scholar and future alumna. By working with key faculty and your peers to develop, implement, evaluate, and disseminate your research, you are setting yourselves apart in a national arena of scholars.

The FAMU “Boldly Striking Strategic Plan” identifies Student Success as one of our key priorities. Strategic Priority One, Student Success, “will strengthen the quality of the student experience and success outcomes by positioning FAMU as an institution of choice for talented students from Florida and beyond; and optimize academic programs.” Your participation in the academic programs and your successful graduation from FAMU as an engaged research scholar is vital in your career and post-baccalaureate trajectory.

I am so proud of your presence today and your demonstrated commitment to developing as a researcher. I share special thanks to your faculty mentors and peers who worked with you to assist in developing your research. Let this be a momentum builder for you. Continue to learn and develop yourself in the field of study. Please look at our high-level graduate programs and consider applying to one that may fit your ultimate goals.

We wish you the best in your research and educational engagement journey!

Sincerely,

Allyson Leggett Watson, Ph.D. Interim Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University

Tallahassee, Florida 32307

TELEPHONE: (850) 412-5102

FAX: (850) 412-5096

Excellence with Caring OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT FOR RESEARCH DIVISION OF RESEARCH

Hello Young Research Scholars,

I would like to congratulate you on your success in your research work. Research is the activity that distinguishes Universities from Colleges Universities do research and create new knowledge through the creative activities and discoveries of its student researchers. Young people produce the most significant breakthroughs by asking a question in a new more productive way and by applying different perspectives to a research topic.

This research symposium provides our undergraduate students with the opportunity to showcase their research projects and various scholarly activities. This helps demonstrate Florida A&M University’s commitment to academic excellence. Research is human-kind’s highest calling you are using the tool provided to you, your brain power, to move humanity forward. I congratulate you again and encourage you to persevere in research, and to take advantage of the opportunities FAMU affords you, and to maximize your potential.

4/11/2023

Charles A. Weatherford, PhD Vice President for Research sponsor@famu.edu

On behalf of the Office of Freshmen Studies, I am delighted to extend my heartfelt congratulations on your participation in the Undergraduate Research Symposium. Your passion for research and commitment to academic excellence are truly impressive!

Your participation in this symposium is a testament to your dedication and hard work, and we are thrilled to see you take this important step in your academic journey. We believe that your contribution to the research community will be insightful and valuable, and we are confident that your research will add to the body of knowledge in your field.

As your academic advisors and mentors, we are proud of your accomplishments, and we wholeheartedly endorse your participation in the Undergraduate Research Symposium. We believe that this experience will not only enable you to engage in scholarly discourse but also help you to develop skills and knowledge that are essential to your academic growth.

Once again, congratulations on your participation in the Undergraduate Research Symposium, and we wish you all the best in your academic pursuits. Please feel free to reach out to our office if you need any support or guidance in your academic journey.

Sincerely,

Office of Freshmen Studies team

Office of Freshmen Studies team

Congratulations Rattler Scholars!

Florida A&M University

2023 Undergraduate Student Research Symposium Panel of Judges

Ezzeldin Aly, PhD Associate Professor

Sports Management

Florida A&M University

College of Education

Jingqiu Chen, PhD Assistant Professor

Biological Systems Engineering

Florida A&M University

College of Agriculture and Food Sciences

Frank Humphries Research Associate

Florida A&M University

College of Agriculture - Viticulture

Shyam Kattel, PhD Assistant Professor

Florida A&M University

College of Science and Technology

Marijo Kent-First, PhD Assistant Professor

Florida A&M University

College of Science and Technology

Asia Knowles Instructor

Florida A&M University

College of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities

Merlin R. Langley, PhD

Division Director of Interdisciplinary Studies

Associate Professor of Social Work

Florida A&M University

College of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities

Aakash Nathani

Graduate Student Associate

Pharmaceutical Sciences

Florida A&M University

CoPPS, IPH

Daniel Osborne, PhD Associate Professor Mathematics

Florida A&M University

College of Science and Technology

Phyllis Reeves, PhD Associate Professor

Florida A&M University

School of Allied Health Sciences

Natira Screen, MSE, MCAP Instructor

Florida A&M University

College of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities

Syreeta Tilghman, PhD Associate Professor

Pharmaceutical Sciences

Florida A&M University

CoPPS, IPH

Evelyn Tyler, MFA Associate Professor

Florida A&M University

College of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities

Marilyn Weatherspoon, PhD Assistant Professor

Division of Health Science

Florida A&M University

School of Allied Health Sciences

TODAY’S PROGRAM

Opening Session

10:00 AM

Welcome BrandonMoton,DrPH,MPH

Assistant Professor

Division of Health Science

School of Allied Health Sciences

Greetings MauriceEdington,PhD Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer

CharlesWeatherford,PhD Vice President for Research

LewisJohnson,PhD

Associate Provost

Student Success and Strategic Initiatives

Program Overview

JulianL.BourneSmothers,Ph.D.

SLS Course Coordinator

Office of Freshman Studies

POSTER PRESENTATIONS AND JUDGING

11:00 AM -1:00 PM

Closing Ceremony

2:00 PM

Award Presentations

Closing Remarks

Mr.DominiqueBailey,MA,NCC

SLS Instructor

Office of Freshman Studies

BrandonMoton,DrPH,MPH

Assistant Professor

Division of Health Science

School of Allied Health Sciences

TiffanyW.Ardley,PhD

Director, Office of Undergraduate Research

Associate Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences

2023

Florida A&M University

Florida

Exploring Attitudes Towards Organ and Tissue Donation within POC Communities

Lebaron Fields

Lebaron H Fields: Hsuan Huang

School of Journalism & Graphic Communication

510 Orr Dr, Unit 4003, Tallahassee, Fl 32310

lebaron1.fields@famu.edu

Abstract: Organ and tissue donation is a vital medical procedure that saves thousands of lives annually. Despite its importance, there is a significant shortage of donors, especially within the Black community. The purpose of this qualitative study is 1. to explore attitudes toward organ and tissue donation within the HBCU population and 2. to explore information sources and trust in the sources to understand the factors that influence their decision to donate or not to donate. This study uses a qualitative research approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews with members of the HBCU population. The interviews were conducted using an open-ended questionnaire to allow participants to share their experiences, perceptions, and beliefs about organ and tissue donation. There is a lack of research targeting young African Americans and their attitudes and beliefs toward tissue and organ donation. The findings of this study provide insights into the complex factors that influence attitudes toward organ and tissue donation among African American young adults and may assist in informing the development of targeted interventions to increase donation rates within these communities. The data collected is analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes that emerge from the interviews. The study explores factors influencing African American communities' attitudes toward organ and tissue donation, such as cultural and religious beliefs, mistrust of the healthcare system, and lack of education and awareness about the donation process.

The Big Issue Around the World: Homelessness

Christopher James Hill

Florida A&M University/Business Administration Major Christopher3.hill@famu.edu

When you look around the world and you ask yourself, “what is the most concerning issue for people around the world”, there are probably many things that come to mind. But the truth is that we all know what issue plagues society the most because it stares us all in the face every day whenever we leave our comfortable home. The issue is Homelessness, and we can’t continue to turn a blind eye to it anymore. The purpose of this abstract is to help bring awareness to Homelessness as a huge problem in our society and get people to understand what it really means to be “Homeless”(note a different word choice) and no longer desensitize the pressing issue occurring around the world. As people who do not face homelessness, we tend to not realize that people who are currently struggling with homelessness have an increased risk of dying prematurely due to having no access to first aid. There are tons of people around the world who face homelessness and who are homeless, and our lack of understanding and research on the topic only leads more people to becoming homeless. We could easily go about the research by talking to homeless people thus getting a better understanding as to how they got in the situation they are in. Research on why many people are homeless will help prevent the increase in the number of homeless people and create a better society where everyone can have a comfortable place to sleep at night.

The Reality of Printmaking

Marseana Jamiere Lyons and Harris Wiltsher College of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities

Marseana1.lyons@famu.edu and harris.wiltsher@famu.edu

The problem I set out to solve is artists tend to have a lot of patience when it comes to their work. Specifically, printmaking artists tend to have some of the most patience as artists because on a print every mistake you make is visible. I set out to find out why and how printmaking increases the patience level of an artist. I went about solving the issue of the patience of printmakers as I researched what would give a person patience, I have found that a person must understand their task from all points of view to have a strong virtue. I asked students who have just begun understanding the art of printmaking. I asked how they were feeling before, during, and after they had finned a piece. Then after that, I asked professional printmakers how they felt before, during, and after working on a work of art. My research is incomplete, but my recorded data shows that experienced students in the field of printmaking took more time on a piece of work and were more patient than those who had not. The newer students were easily frustrated and more likely to sacrifice a work of art to be closer to finishing. Finally, my current progress in my research students could benefit from this because it will give them a better understanding of the work that lies ahead of them, patience is not just a life skill it is a necessity if you wish to call yourself an artist.

Examining Disparities in Access to Health Insurance and Health Care among Elderly and Non-Elderly Populations in Florida.

Alanah H. Weaks, Participant in World Class Scholar Program

Dr. Victor Eno (Mentor)

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University

College of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities

Department of History, Political Science, and African American Studies

Tallahassee, FL 32307

Alanah1.weaks@famu.edu

Victor.eno@famu.edu

This study examines the extent to which the lack of health insurance prevents access of the identified population to health care services. These services include immunizations, physicals, and other necessary health services. It will investigate factors responsible for the lack of health insurance which will explain the disparities in access to health care. This relationship will be measured through the categorization of race, gender, and income. These factors will covariate with one another to show the impact of the effect on both the elderly and non-elderly populations in the state of Florida.

The methods for data collection for this study will be surveys. I will analyze the data collected using the following means of graphical representation and statistical analysis which will include percentage distribution. The study will also rely on an extensive review of literature-related resources from journals, government resources, articles, and more. It is expected that this study will show a finding of a relationship to the degree to which health insurance accounts for access to health care. This study will enhance education on a key national issue of access to healthcare disparities that hinder the nation’s health care system. It is necessary to investigate the underlying causes of the lack of health insurance and access to health care to propose solutions to resolve the issue.

The Making of a Serial Killer: Nurture vs. Nature

Madison S Whitehurst

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, School of Psychology, 1601 S Martin L King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307

Madison1.whitehurst@famu.edu

The discussion when it comes to nurture versus nature and what makes a serial killer, is one that has been going on for quite some time. It is an important conversation to have when it comes to the topic of serial killers. To find an answer to this discussion the researcher will look at previous interviews from notorious serial killers but also conduct interviews of not so well-known killers. Another group of interviews the study will be conducting is that of teens and young adults whose backgrounds and upbringing seem as if they may be headed down that route. Another form of research that would be done is taking a large pool of people from different backgrounds and seeing where that led them. These interviews and other forms of research should result in the conclusion that nurture is a more consistent cause of whether or not someone may become a serial killer. This project could open the eyes of many, but also show people that there are consequences to your actions. You never know if a negative action or word you bring towards someone else is the tipping point for them to become something you will be able to recognize.

Leisure experiences of undergraduate students attending an HBCU

Serenity T. Williams* and Kristine M. Fleming, EdD College of Education- Health, Physical Education and Recreation

*E-mail of corresponding author: serenity3.williams@famu.edu

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the leisure experiences of undergraduate students attending an HBCU in the US Southeast. A nonexperimental descriptive research design was conducted for the current pilot study. More specifically, a self-report questionnaire administered via Qualtrics measuring students' experiences related to art, music, theater, use of campus facilities, participation in clubs and organizations, interpersonal relationships, and general experience while attending University is considered. The questionnaire includes variables from subscales of the College Student Experiences was established in 1979 by Pace, which are considered to be valid and reliable measures of undergraduate experiences. Approximately 80 undergraduate students enrolled in health, leisure, and fitness related courses were recruited to participate in this study. Descriptive statistics using frequency of responses, independent t-tests, and chi-square are considered for the data analysis using SPSS 29.0. Cronbach’s alpha is used to determine the reliability of the scaled items.

The Synthesis of Tetrahydropyridine Analogues as Anti-Breast Cancer Agents and Selective COX-2 Inhibitors

Laila Boyd; Marlee Avril, Shasline Gedeon, Tiffany W. Ardley

Florida A&M University - College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

1415 S. Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee FL, 32307 Laila1.boyd@famu.edu, Marlee1.avril@famu.edu

Abstract: Breast cancer has become the most common cancer, surpassing lung cancer for the first time according to the World Health Organization. Though incidence rates are comparable amongst all racial/ethnic groups, Black and Hispanic women, have significantly higher mortality rates. Hence, the identification and development of new compounds for potent anticancer medicine is urgently needed. There is a biological correlation between cancer and chronic inflammation. Cyclooxygenase-2 is overexpressed in several malignancies, according to research studies. Thus, research into cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and how it relates to cancer treatment is very important. Many natural compounds have been found to contain the tetrahydropyridine structure, which has biological features such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemotherapeutic effects. As a result, substituted phenylcarbonylamino-5-ethyl-1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine compounds have been proposed in the development of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. The synthesis of two new tetrahydropyridine analogues was carried out in four steps. The hydrolysis of ethyl-o-(mesitylenesulfonyl) acethydroxymate to produce O(mesitylsulfonyl)hydroxylamine (MSH) was the first step in the synthesis of these 1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine analogues. MSH then interacts with 3-ethyl pyridine, acting as an aminating agent to afford the 1-amino-3-ethylpyridin-1-ium salt. To create N-ylide products, the salt product was subjected to acylation with different substituted benzoyl chlorides. The desired final tetrahydropyridine products, N-(2-Chloromethylbenzoylamino)-5-ethyl-1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine and N-(4-trifluoromethylthiobenzoylamino)-5-ethyl-1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine, were produced by the partial reduction of their respective ylides. Analytical methods include thin layer chromatography, liquid-liquid extraction, and vacuum filtration Column chromatography was utilized to purify the desired compounds and characterization was done by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. Further studies involve biological studies on breast cancer cell lines.

A Review of Employee Perceptions, and Effect of Marijuana in the Construction Industry

Yusuf Binmahfooz, Behnam Shadravan School of Architecture & Engineering Technology, Florida A&M University, 1339 Wahnish Way, Tallahassee, FL 32307

yusuf1.binmahfooz@famu.edu

Abstract: More than 16% of people in construction admit to currently using Marijuana. The industry should be mindful to address what may become a broader issue on which drugs are okay to use during the workday and whether it influences job site safety. A literature review will be on how this matter affects the construction industry and how it can execute such that safety, manner, and efficiency do not disturb the industry. There is the expectation that workers with lower income, more challenging jobs, lower age, and lower positions and males use more recreational Marijuana. It is significant to search about the ethnicity, minority subgroups, gender, and a person's past life that lead her/him to recreational Marijuana and if the education or job position changes the percentage of the use. The methodology is to investigate in the literature how common Marijuana is in different positions, measure the effect of using recreational and medical Marijuana on job efficiency and safety, evaluate the rate of recreational and medical marijuana use in different ages, gender, and ethnic minorities subgroups, and educational. Other life backgrounds check if legal, medical marijuana results in punishment or additional problems for the employees in the construction industry to determine which sectors suffer more from medical and recreational Marijuana. Construction students shape the next generation of construction managers and engineers. They occasionally work in the industry as an intern or in other positions. The student's perception of the effects of the drug and compare it to the construction industry employees.

Child Malnutrition in Brazil

Ayodele1.adebiyi@famu.edu, Kerrigan1.blake@famu.edu, Xavier1.alexander@famu.edu, FaithAnne1.Marcelin@famu.edu, Madison1.McCalla@famu.edu, Briana1.Joseph@famu.edu,

Malnutrition in Brazil is a public health challenge that continues to burden the most vulnerable in Brazil. Several factors, such as limited resources, low socio-economic mobility, and financial constraints, exacerbate this epidemic in Brazil. As a result of this health disparity, hospitalizations, and adverse health outcomes continue to rise in this population. Malnutrition impacts the most vulnerable in Brazil, including children, the elderly, and pregnant women. Specifically, among children, malnutrition has led to increased hospitalizations and affects child growth, development, and overall well-being. Proper nutrition is a fundamental component of childhood development and is bound to achieve health equity. Several programmatic efforts have been made to combat malnutrition in this region; however, more can be done to tackle this issue. To address this disparity, our research team developed the implementation of a food distribution center, and community garden, which has been shown in the literature as best practices to combat malnutrition in Brazil. Our program has been designed to have food distribution centers in areas close to community gardens for easy distribution and access to food sources. Foods like canned fruits/vegetables, canned tuna, other canned goods, protein bars, nuts, applesauce, and whole-wheat bread will all be placed in the food pantry for individuals to access quickly. Our intended outcome from this innovative and efficient program is to reach Brazil's most vulnerable with access to food and proper nutrition.

Ayodele Adebiyi, Kerrigan Blake, Xavier Alexander, Faith-Anne Marcelin, Madison McCalla, Briana Joseph, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University: 1601 S Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307

Evaluation of DNAJA2 as a Target for Chemotherapy Sensitization of Cancer Cells

Abstract:

Sydnee

Fo, Grace Bai and Hernan Flores-Rozas College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, IPH

1415 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, Tallahassee FL 32307

sydnee1.fo@famu.edu

Development of drug resistance is a common occurrence in cancer treatment which, for therapies based on cytotoxic chemotherapy, cannot be overcome by increasing drug doses due to the development of serious side effects. Significant efforts are currently devoted to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. This approach is aimed at targeting pathways that underly the resistance of cancer cells to treatment, making them vulnerable to lower doses of the drug, with the added benefit of reducing toxic side effects. Our laboratory has investigated the pathways that protect cells from anthracyclines, a commonly used chemotherapy agent. Through a genetic screening in the yeast S. cerevisiae, we identified YDJ1, which encodes for a gene involved in the heatshock response pathway, that when inactivated rendered cells over 100-fold more sensitive to doxorubicin. YDJ1 is a homolog of the human gene DNAJA2. We hypothesize that DNAJA2 protects cells from anthracycline exposure. In order to evaluate the role of DNAJA2 in the sensitivity of cancer cells exposed to doxorubicin, we knocked down DNAJA2 in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 using a lentivirus-based shRNA. Cells were made stably transfected by continued selection with puromycin. Resulting cells show significant reduction of DNAJA2 protein. In addition, the cells also show sensitivity to doxorubicin and accumulation of ROS. Additional phenotypes are currently under investigation, as well as the interaction of the other members of the DNAJA family of proteins. We hope that our data contributes to the development of protocols to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy

11

Classification of Breast Cancer Based on Radius and Textures Features

Imani Greene1, Virlande Telusme2, Felicite Noubissi2, Hong Liu3, and Clement G. Yedjou1

1Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States.

2Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street Jackson, MS, 39217, USA

3Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences. Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University. Aerospace Boulevard Daytona Beach, FL 32114.

Abstract: Breast cancer continues to be the most frequent cancer in females, affecting about 1 in 8 and causing the highest number of cancer-related deaths in females worldwide despite remarkable progress in early diagnosis, screening, and patient management. All breast lesions are not malignant and all the benign lesions do not progress to cancer. However, the accuracy of diagnosis can be increased by a combination or preoperative tests such as physical examination, mammography, fine-needle aspiration cytology, and core needle biopsy. These procedures are more accurate, reliable, and acceptable when compared with a single adopted diagnostic procedure despite of having their limitations. Recent studies showed an accurate prediction and diagnosis of breast cancer using machine learning (ML) approaches. The objective of this study was to explore the application of ML approaches to classify breast cancer based on feature values generated from a digitized image of a fine-needle aspiration of a breast mass. To achieve this objective, we used ML algorithms and collected scientific datasets of 569 breast cancer patients from Kaggle (https://www.kaggle.com/uciml/breast-cancer-wisconsin-data) and interpreted these dataset based on two real-valued features (radius and texture) from a digitized image of a fine needle aspirate (FNA) of a breast mass. Among the 569 patients tested, 63% were diagnosed with benign breast cancer and 37% were diagnosed with malignant breast cancer. Benign tumor grows slowly and does not spread while malignant tumor grows rapidly and spread to other parts of the body.

Keywords: Breast cancer; malignant, benign, radius and textures features, machine learning

Funding: This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), NSF-IUSE grant number 2142465 at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the NSF.

Investigating the Impact of Neonatal Disorders in Brazil

Christian Hammond, Brooke Mason, Mckenna Houston, Camrawn McPhee School of Allied Health Sciences, Florida A&M University

Neonatal Disorders is a significant public health challenge, which impacts thousands of newborns year-round globally. Particularly in Brazil, neonatal disorders remain the leading cause of death among newborns. Research has shown that from 2004-2013, 48,309 infant deaths were recorded from around 6,056,883 recorded births. Additionally, there are four leading neonatal conditions, that impact newborns in Brazil, which are respiratory disorders, malformations, infections, and perinatal asphyxia. Moreover, other factors such as poor living conditions, unclean water, births from older women and teenagers, and the barrier to access reliable healthcare plays a significant role in the increased risk for infant mortality in Brazil. Although in recent years, neonatal disorders are on the decline, this health disparity continues to impact the most vulnerable in Brazil. To this end, our research team developed a “Maternal Health Program”, to address the education and awareness of neonatal disorders among Brazilian newborns. Our “Maternal Health Program contains a three-pronged approach, including door to door education via community service workers, television and radio commercials, and a dedicated space in healthcare facilities for expected mothers. Ultimately, by addressing these components, our intended programmatic outcomes seek to substantial increase the education and awareness of neonatal disorders in Brazil.

Identification of Breast Cancer Type Based on Smoothness and Compactness Features

1Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States.

2Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA

Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and it is important to develop novel approaches to screen, diagnose, and treat breast cancer. The accuracy of diagnosis can be increased by a combination or preoperative tests such as physical examination, mammography, fine-needle aspiration cytology, and core needle biopsy. These procedures are more accurate, reliable, and acceptable when compared with a single adopted diagnostic procedure despite of having their limitations. Recent studies showed an accurate prediction and diagnosis of breast cancer using machine learning (ML) approaches. The objective of this study was to explore the application of ML approaches to classify breast cancer based on feature values generated from a digitized image of a fine-needle aspiration of a breast mass. To achieve this objective, we used ML algorithms and collected scientific datasets of 569 breast cancer patients from Kaggle (https://www.kaggle.com/uciml/breast-cancer-wisconsin-data) and interpreted these dataset based on two real-valued features (radius, texture) from a digitized image of a fine needle aspirate (FNA) of a breast mass. Among the 569 patients tested, 63% were diagnosed with benign breast cancer and 37% were diagnosed with malignant breast cancer. Benign tumor grows slowly and does not spread while malignant tumor grows rapidly and spread to other parts of the body.

Keywords: Breast cancer; malignant, benign, smoothness and compactness features, machine learning

Funding: This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), NSF-IUSE grant number 2142465 at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the NSF.

Kaitlyn Jackson1, Mario Ospinavelez1, Yohn Parra-Bautista2, Richard Alo2, Clement G. Yedjou1

MRI Studies Related to Chronic Methamphetamine Use and Specialized Treatment Methods

Zaria C. Jones

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University 1601 S Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, Florida 32307 Zaria2.jones@famu.edu

Abstract: Methamphetamine (MA), a highly addictive psychostimulant drug that affects the central nervous system. MA can cause neuropsychiatric symptoms such as psychosis, paranoia, and hallucinations. While evaluating the clinical pharmacology of the psychostimulant, the cognitive functioning is impaired in regular MA users. The purpose of this study is to be able to determine the appropriate treatment plan for chronic MA users dependent upon the results of individual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. While evaluating MRI imaging, there is an observable deviation in the structural pattern of the brain in chronic MA users compared to non-MA users. Using brain mapping techniques and MRI, the hippocampus, white matter, and the coretex were analyzed between users and non-users of the psychostimulant. A prominent gray-matter deficit was found in MA users. Furthermore, MA users were reported to have considerable white matter hypertrophy and smaller hippocampal volume. The irreversibility of the damages found in the brain may be associated with patterns of use and addiction to MA. Imaging studies can be used to assess the addiction severity and methods for treatment based on gray matter loss. A tiered ranking system, dependent on brain matter deficit, could be used to determine severity of addiction. Each tier would be assigned a different treatment method attempting to prevent substance recurrence. If treatment was to be determined by severity of addiction, more specialized prevention methods could be used, lowering the rate of substance recurrence.

Racial Disparity Associated with COVID-19 Among African Americans

Christopher Lewis, Kelci A. Elliott, Crystal Nwokoye, and Clement G. Yedjou

Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; richard.long@famu.edu; lekan.latinwo@famu.edu

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has become a major threat to the medical community and the entire healthcare system in every part of the world. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the emergency use of Pfizer and Moderna COVID19 vaccine on December 12, 2020. As of July 31, 2022, COVID-19 has infected more than 91.3 million Americans and caused nearly 1.03 million deaths in the United States. Interestingly, the mortality rate from COVID-19 has recently decreased due to increased emphasis on early detection, screening, and vaccination. Although the mortality rates have declined in some ethnic populations, the overall COVID-19 incidence among African American and Hispanic population has continued to grow. The goal of this research study is to provide an overview of COVID-19, racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19, COVID-19 incidence and mortality rate linked to hereditary, major risk factors of COVID-19 among minority population, and health disparity. Many COVID-19 research have been done for the treatment of this disease, but with limited success for many Black African Americans compared to other ethnic groups. Therefore, new strategies and approaches are needed to promote COVID-19 prevention, improve survival rates, reduce COVID-19 mortality and, ultimately, improve the health outcomes of racial/ethnic minorities.

Keywords: COVID-19; incidence rate; death rate; racial disparity, health disparity

Acknowledgments: This work was financially supported in part by the National Science Foundation, NSF-HRD, Grant # 1201981 through the FGLSAMP at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, United States and in part by the Faculty Research Award Program (FRAP) at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.

Anticancer effect of Hunteria umbellata in colorectal cancer cells

Florida A&M University, College of Science and Technology, Tallahassee, Fl 32307

Alexis1.liggins@famu.edu

Abstract: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Proliferation and cell migration are essential to the invasive and metastatic properties of colorectal cancer cells. There are many studies on the standard therapies for invasive CRC, such as chemotherapy and radiation. The use of natural therapies, such as plant extracts, has become increasingly popular for treatment. There are limited studies on the use of Hunteria umbellata (HU) seed extract in cancer, and to date its effect in CRC cells has not been shown. This study investigates the effect of Hunteria umbellata seed extract on cancer cell survival and migration using HT29 human CRC cell line. We observed a dose dependent decrease in cell survival when treated with methanol and water-soluble HU seed extract. To assess the effect on migration, cells were plated using inserts and treated with low and high concentration of methanol-soluble extract and water-soluble extract (50ug/mL and 200 ug/mL). The microscopic images were taken every 24 hours to track the progression of the wound healing and quantified using ImageJ. These results demonstrate a potential role for HU seed extract in CRC therapies.

Alexis L. Liggins, Lakasjah Brown, Jhaniya Brooks, Ife Calhoun, Caroline Odewumi, Jillian L. Pope

Eating More Vegetables for the Prevention and/or Treatment of Coronavirus disease

2019

1Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA

2Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.

3Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease has since spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the emergency use of Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccine on December 12, 2020. However, there are many vaccinated patients who are infected with COVID-19. Therefore, people all over the world have an increased interest in consuming more vegetables for the purpose of maintaining their health and boosting their immune system. Identifying novel antiviral agents for COVID-19 is of critical importance, and vegetables are an excellent source for drug discovery and therapeutic development. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that a high intake of vegetables prevents COVID-19 incidence and reduces the mortality rate. To achieve this objective, we collected the diet data of COVID-19 from Kaggle (https://www.kaggle.com/mariaren/covid19-healthy-diet-dataset), and used a machine-learning algorithm to examine the effects of different food types on COVID-19 incidences and deaths. Specifically, we used the feature selection method to identify the factors (e.g., diet-related factors) that contribute to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Data generated from the study demonstrated that vegetables intake can help to combat the SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, vegetables may be potential chemopreventive agents for COVID-19 due to their antiviral properties and their ability to boost the human body immune system.

Keywords: COVID-19; incidence rate; death rate; vegetables; chemopreventive agents

Acknowledgments: This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation, NSF-HRD, Grant # 1201981 and NSF-IUSE grant # 2142465 at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, United States

Nia Mason1 , Daniel Osborne2 , Jinwei Liu3, Pierre Ngnepiepa2 , Lekan Latinwo1 , Clement G. Yedjou1

Examining the Spread of Syphilis Among Young Women in Brazil

Angel Mayfield, Joelle Reid, Katelynn Harris, McKayla Theophile

School of Allied Health Sciences

Florida A&M University

Research studies have indicated that syphilis rates are prevalent in Brazil, particularly among women under 35. As syphilis rates continue to impact this priority population significantly, evidence-based health programs that address the social determinants of health (SDOH) are needed to address this health disparity. Therefore, our research team developed a program entitled “Syphilis Sense,” based on elements from a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sexual health intervention. The constructs of our developed intervention aim to train critical leaders, also known as “Popular Opinion Leaders (POLs) to educate young women in Brazilian communities about the risks of adverse sexual behaviors and how to stay protected during intercourse. The implementation of Syphilis Sense is two-fold, with elements embedded into local schools and health facilities Our intended outcomes from these programmatic efforts include leveraging existing sexual health programs in Brazil, such as the More Doctors Program Increasing collaborative efforts with existing programs will allow for “Syphilis Sense” and The More Doctors Program to provide 17,000 foreign doctors to Brazilian healthcare facilities tackling sexual health disparities in Brazil. This global collaboration of programs with Syphilis Sense will achieve the goal of supplying highly skilled health professionals to educate the public on sexual health disparities burdening Brazil’s population. Ultimately, developing sexual health programming on this topic will allow women under the age of 35 to have comprehensive knowledge of Syphilis and its devastating impact on their communities and ways to address them.

Comparing of Breast Cancer Type Based on Concavity and Concave Parameters

Kristy Myrtil1, Valerie Dorestin1, Rashid Elhag1, BereKet Mochona2,

and

Clement G. Yedjou1

1Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States.

2Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States.

Abstract: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths of women in the United States. Fortunately, the mortality rate from breast cancer has decreased in recent years due to an increased emphasis on early detection and more effective treatments in white population. Current treatment options for breast cancer include surgery, radiotherapy and systemic treatments comprising cytotoxic chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. However, the accuracy of diagnosis can be increased by a combination or preoperative tests such as physical examination, mammography, fine-needle aspiration cytology, and core needle biopsy. These procedures are more accurate, reliable, and acceptable when compared with a single adopted diagnostic procedure despite of having their limitations. Recent studies showed an accurate prediction and diagnosis of breast cancer using machine learning (ML) approaches. The objective of this study was to explore the application of ML approaches to classify breast cancer based on feature values generated from a digitized image of a fine-needle aspiration of a breast mass. To achieve this objective, we used ML algorithms and collected scientific datasets of 569 breast cancer patients from Kaggle (https://www.kaggle.com/uciml/breast-cancer-wisconsin-data) and interpreted these dataset based on two real-valued parameters (concavity and concave) from a digitized image of a fine needle aspirate (FNA) of a breast mass. Among the 569 patients tested, 63% were diagnosed with benign breast cancer and 37% were diagnosed with malignant breast cancer. Benign tumor grows slowly and does not spread while malignant tumor grows rapidly and spread to other parts of the body.

Keywords: Breast cancer; malignant, benign, concavity and concave parameters, machine learning

Funding: This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), NSF-IUSE grant number 2142465 at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the NSF.

The Lack of African American Presence in Dentistry

Esteria J. Smith

College of Science and Technology/ Chemistry Pre-dental at Florida A&M University

esteria1.smith@famu.edu

Abstract: In the United States, there is a major underrepresentation of African Americans in dentistry. The purpose is to show data that supports and conveys the current environment of the dental industry in relation to African Americans. The methods that will be used to conduct this research is analyzing data provided by the American Dental Educational Association and American Association of Public Health Dentistry. The number of African Americans in science, technology, engineering, and math is low when compared to the total number of students, and the number of African Americans involved in dentistry is only a fraction. To understand and explore this issue, research will be conducted on the population of students that applied and were enrolled into dental school, percent of population of the different races in the dental industry as a whole, and the percent of population of the different races in the dental industry in various regions of the United States. In order to find supporting data, statistics provided by the American Dental Education Association and American Association of Public Health Dentistry will be used The hypothesis of this research paper is that the number of practicing African American dentists will reflect the number of African American students accepted into dental school. This research paper is intended to provide insight into the population of African Americans in this particular field, and more importantly will hopefully emphasize the need for more African Americans to go into the dental industry.

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Three Pseudomonas species Isolated from the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and the Surrounding Environment

Destiny Anderson: Ashish Pathak: Brianna Fuertes: Kamaria Waddy:Ashvini Chauhan

School of the Environment

1515 S Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd Tallahassee, FL 32307

Destiny2.anderson@famu.edu, Ashish1.pathak@famu.edu, Brianna1.fuertes@famu.edu, Kamaria1.waddy@famu.edu, Ashvini.chauhan@famu.edu

The eastern oysters serve as important keystone species in the United States, especially in the Gulf of Mexico estuarine waters, and at the same time, provide unparalleled economic, ecological, environmental, and cultural services. An ecosystem service that has received recent attention is the oyster microbiome's ability to sequester impurities and nutrients, such as nitrogen (N). Of all the bacterial genera that appear to interplay with the oyster host species, pseudomonads deserve further assessment because they possess an array of versatile functions. To this end, we used comparative genomic analysis on three targeted pseudomonads isolated from minced oyster tissue (P. alcaligenes strain OT69); oyster mantle fluid (P. stutzeri strain MF28), and the water collected from top of the oyster reef (P. aeruginosa strain WC55), respectively. Collectively, the study provided a deeper understanding of their unique genome-enabled functional traits, including metabolic traits potentially recruited during their evolutionary history via horizontal gene transfer events as well as phage-mediated incorporation of genes. Of major concern was their extensively developed resistances, suggesting that even environmental microorganisms from relatively pristine environments, such as Apalachicola Bay, Florida, possess an arsenal of antibiotic-resistant gene determinants, thus posing an emerging public health concern.

Geospatial Analysis of 20-year Period of Changes in Land Use and Land Cover in the State of Florida

Tajah Billingsley, Jingqiu Chen

1. Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1409 Wahnish Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32310

Email of corresponding author: jingqiu.chen@famu.edu

Abstract: The importance of understanding land cover changes lies in the impact of human activities on the environment and its resources. Human-induced changes to the land can have farreaching consequences, including effects on the quality and availability of water, air, and soil, as well as impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. In Florida, the human use of land varies greatly across the state's 67 counties, with urban and suburban development being the most rapidly growing land use class. However, such development can pose challenges, as impervious surfaces created in the process can alter watersheds by preventing water from infiltrating the soil. To identify changes on the land surface, land cover can be analyzed in conjunction with land use. The Multi-Resolution Land Characteristic Consortium National Land Cover Database employs the Enhanced Visualization and Analysis (EVA) tool to identify land cover changes within a 20-year period, which could result from urban development, agriculture, water management, deforestation, and other factors. By analyzing the data collected through EVA, trends can be identified and summarized, providing insight into Florida's land use patterns and any potential concerns that may need further investigation. In the context of this study, geospatial analysis will be used to identify and map changes in land use and land cover across Florida over a 20-year period, providing a visual representation of the state's development and environmental changes. This information can then be used to inform decision-making and resource management efforts, ensuring that Florida's land resources are being used sustainably for future generations.

Image Processing for Plant Disease and Defoliation

Shomar K. Bullen1, Wei-zhen Liang2, Jingqiu Chen1

1. Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1409 Wahnish Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32310

2. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4502 Ave I, Scottsbluff, NE 69361

Email of corresponding author: jingqiu.chen@famu.edu

Abstract: Pressures from climate change, population growth, water scarcity, and disease continue to stress agricultural production. The agricultural industry needs new ways to improve productivity and stability. With the advancement of increasingly precise and integrated information systems, methods to solve complex agricultural problems are being explored. Without the help of more advanced technology, certain characteristics and ailments of plants can be difficult to identify and estimate the level of progression. Water scarcity, insect activity, and disease specifically are stressors that cause discoloration in plants. Accurate documentation of disease progression is essential for efficient use of resources. A program code was developed and used alongside image processing applications to identify disease and calculate the level of severity. Image processing was conducted by using three imaging programs. Images were gathered and used to group pixel colors (red-blue-green). These groupings are categorized under three classes: background, healthy, and diseased leaves. Samples of pixel values for each color are compiled into a database which are then used for mathematical analysis. Pixels will be clustered together with other image pixels based on the mahalanobis-distance method, covariance, reference values (average), and inverse matrix. The image is then processed through Visual Studio. Image processing gives us a visual representation of disease propagation and an estimation of green area and disease area percentage which can be used to predict crop yield, fight disease, and reduce overapplication of chemicals. This technology helps us improve productivity, resource management, and reduce financial loss due to crop failure, securing sufficient agricultural production.

Comparative Relationship Between

Rainfall and Termite Activity in the Leon County Area: A case study Evaluating rain, precipitation, and isolated colonies and identification of termites

Xharia Lipkins: Jade Christie: Isadora Saint-Juste

Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Tallahassee, FL 32399-1650

jade1.christie@famu.edu

Abstract: Background: Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is a species native to Asia but has been documented in tropical areas across the U.S and causes billions of dollars’ worth of property damage annually. This study was conducted to evaluate rain and weather conditions on various locations throughout Leon County. This study measured the chemical components of rain from ten locations in Tallahassee and determine whether they deter attack by the Formosan subterranean termite. Methods: Samples were collected in Leon County and analysed using the HACH surface water test kit. A factorial experiment with a split plot design was replicated three times. Dissolved oxygen and soil tests from the ten locations indicated that the extractive soluble were present and evaluated in cold water; hot water; toluene; 1% NaOH solution, using a 95% conf. interval. Cellulose in soil, in foliage dense areas were predicted to have the highest probability of insect infestation and nitrogen content than those areas of less nutrients. Results: The dissolved oxygen levels and pH content were expected at wooded areas close to ponds, water ways or canals at a higher value. Conclusion: Correlation between chemical components and termite activity, as well as damage and identification are discussed. Florida A&M University alone is home to several historic buildings including the Black Archives, which is constructed partially of wood and would be very hard to reconstruct if infested with termites. The current study is used to spread awareness of the potential threat to the university and its history.

Urban Farming: A Closer Look at the Role Aquaponics Plays in the Future of Farming

Florida A&M University, College of Science and Technology, Tallahassee, Fl 323071

University of Florida IFAS, Sea Grant, 732 N. 9th St. DeFuniak Springs, FL 324332 Florida A&M University, Research and Extension Center, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Tallahassee, 4259 Bainbridge Hwy, Quincy, FL 323523

The rise of aquaponics continues to move forward as scientists study its role in new age farming. Aquaponics integrates hydroponics and aquaculture to provide a sustainable food production system. Its popularity continues to rise due to its ability to recirculate water, thus forming a selfsufficient closed loop system. This research was conducted in collaboration with the FAMU Research and Extension Center. The center houses two separate units; a single bed and a three-bed unit, that serves as a demonstration on aquaculture and urban farming. There are several factors that can influence the efficacy of an aquaculture system, including water quality, its turbulence, and nutrients obtained from the fish. In this study we focused on the water quality of the system. Water quality was assessed by measuring conductance, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature and pH. While there were no fluctuations in water pH and temperature, we did observe changes in dissolved oxygen and conductance which may be influenced by bed location. Future studies will determine whether the plant growth rates are influenced by water quality and flow rate.

Ife Calhoun1, Assata Johnson1, Erin Nesmith1, Haftah Choute1, Brittney Lundy1, Xandria Chandler1, Sydnee Fo1, Jillian L. Pope1, Jesse Edwards1, Laura Tiu2, Alexander Bolques3

Functionalization

Hanifah L. Choute, Edith N. Onyeozili

Florida A&M University, College of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, 1610 S Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307

Corresponding Author Email: Edith N. Onyeozili, Edith.onyeozili@famu.edu

Abstract: Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemistry involving the making of organic compounds or modification of existing compounds. Organic synthesis serves as a foundation of the production of useful products, such as agricultural chemicals, drugs, food additives, plastics, paint, cosmetics and more. It is also beneficial towards society as molecules can be made to protect crops and foods, sustain the ecosystem, and to improve the quality of life. However, high production costs, low percent yields, high production time, and waste production are limitations in organic synthesis. The purpose of this study is to investigate reactions of 3-methyl-1phenylpyrazol-5-one (HMPP) under reaction conditions (solvent, temperature, and additives) in order to access reaction intermediates. Thirteen different common solvents used in organic synthesis were selected for solubility study performed at room temperature and elevated temperatures with heat (40 °C, 50 °C, 60°C, 70 °C, B.P. of solvent). 5 mL of each selected solvent was added to 200 mg of 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-one (substrate) to be further observed under thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for identification of compounds in the mixture. The substrate (HMPP) and acetophenone were refluxed at 150 ℃ with tetrahydrofuran and water as the additives to observe the reaction. Both reactions are sampled every 30 minutes compared to the reference mixture to observe how long the reaction reaches completion. Further reactions will be investigated with different aldehydes and ketones to observe the modifications under optimum reaction conditions. This work will analyze the importance of selectivity to obtain the optimal product.

and Transformation of 3 -methyl-1-phenylpyrazol5-one (HMPP)

Engineering Structure Dynamics and Rheological Properties of Functional Inks

Marissa J. Dickerson: Milan Rede:Md. Alamgir Hossain: Gabriela Plautz: Subramanian Ramakrishnan

FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL 32310

marissa1.dickerson@famu.edu: milan1.rede@famu.edu: mdalamgir1.hossain@famu.edu: gabriela.plautz@famu.edu: srama@eng.famu.fsu.edu

Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) offers a plethora of opportunity for design and innovation. Offering both customization and precision on large and microscales, this type of precision is especially lucrative on in the manufacturing of electronics. The development of functional inks adds another dimension to AM, implying the materials used to create 3D structures may also have desirable properties. This research will focus on graphene-based composites where graphene is used as a filler in an epoxy resin matrix. As a material, graphene has many advantageous properties due in large part to its relatively high aspect ratio and carbon bond structure. It is speculated to have thermal, conductive, and biomedical applications. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the macroscopic properties of printed graphene-based composites and understand how these properties may be influenced by processing and printing conditions, subsequently developing the parameters to optimize said properties in the process. This research analysed reduced graphene oxide, and graphene composites at varying weight concentrations, and print speeds to determine the effect of print parameter on thermal and structural properties. This will be achieved through a Rheological Study, SEM imaging, Laser Flash Analysis, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis. Preliminary results have shown the printability of rGO at higher concentrations is much better in comparison to the pure graphene, and this is supported by objective observations as well as the rheological study. This research will ultimately lead to an understanding of how to design graphene composite inks with enhanced properties.

Cultivating Developmental Learning Material Regarding Precision Agriculture for Grades K-12th

Lauren A. Hawkins, Jingqiu Chen

1. Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1409 Wahnish Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32310

Email of corresponding author: jingqiu.chen@famu.edu

Abstract: When people hear agriculture, their mind immediately goes to working long hot hours in a field. This is true but the industry has many sectors and offers jobs for disciplines like business, advertisement, and/or tech. With agriculture being the world’s largest industry and the sole provider of our food. Without proper techniques we are at risk of food insecurity, which in some countries is reality. To combat with the growing population and demand new techniques that improve efficiency, money, and waste production are crucial. With the advancement of technology new techniques are developed. The newest development is precision agriculture, which combines traditional farming techniques with modern information technology to ensure crops and soil receive proper nutrition for optimum health and productivity. With any new technique learning how to effectively use it takes time. It is common for farmers to be reluctant to resort to new techniques, to cultivate their farms. Therefore, educating the next generation is imperative to the advancement of the agricultural industry This research focuses on curating developmental workbooks, videos, hands-on activities, and applications of precision agriculture in hopes to educate the next generation. Introducing topics like this is at a younger age increases the chances of a generation fully understanding and applying the techniques. The curation of developmental material targets grades K-12th.

Loss of Tropomyosin 2 Alters Activation of the Mechanosensitive Transcription Factor YAP

Blake Heath; Tristan Driscoll

FAMU-FSU College of Engineering

E-mail of corresponding author (tdriscoll2@eng.famu.fsu.edu)

Tropomyosins (TPM) are rod-like, actin bound proteins that regulate biophysical interactions between actin and its binding partners. The role of the actin microfilament system is not only important to cell mobility but also for cell division, cell signaling, transcription, and many additional physiologic functions. However, relatively little is known about how tropomyosin influence forces and force dynamics at the molecular level. Due to its ability to react to rigidity and force dynamics, TPM is studied as a treatment to a wide range of diseases from cancer to muscular disorders. Previously published work has shown that tropomyosin 2 controls cellular contraction in cancer cells on soft surfaces [1]. This project focused on how the deactivation of tropomyosin 2 will alter a fibroblast cells ability to adhere and apply physical forces. These types of cellular generated forces are important for the activation of YAP (yes-associated protein), which translocates to the nucleus in response to high extracellular matrix stiffness to transcribe genes. Here we first generated mutant cell lines from 3T3 cells using CRISPR-Cas9 to target and deplete TPM1 or TPM2. Analysis of YAP activation using quantitative immunostaining of nuclear localization indicated that the deactivation of the TPM2 significantly reduced YAP activation on high stiffness. These cell lines were then used for experiments to assess force on the central adhesion adaptor protein Talin and extracellular forces using traction force microscopy (TFM) on bead coated PDMS substrates. Quantification of extracellular forces was performed using traction force microscopy (TFM).

Modern Construction Materials and Methods

Preston Jackson, Behnam Shadravan School of Architecture and Engineering Technology preston1.jackson@famu.edu

Abstract: This research reviews the developed methods and materials of construction. Many of them are used in infrastructure projects in Florida and it is necessary to know about these developments and the future of construction. They include Modern materials added to the construction and retrofitting projects for the roads and bridges. This research aims to list and investigate the use of the different materials and methods in Florida and the world and suggest. The methodology is to gather the information for Florida, the US, and elsewhere. The results are compared to verify the improvement path. Modern materials such as Ultra High Strength Concrete (UHSC), Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP), high strength sprays, porous asphalt, and concrete are used. Also, sustainable materials such as recycled concrete, asphalt, slag, and other recycled and sustainable materials are progressing. Different materials are used in geotechnical projects. They include engineered soil, strengthened soil, geosynthetic geotextile materials, and geogrids. There have been different approaches to new methods of construction and inspection. Some of them include automatizing the construction or inspection using the controlling sensors, robots, and drones. The soil improvement methods are applied as Various soil improvement techniques, such as backfilling, soil filters, soil Vibro-floatation, dynamic compaction, grouting, jet grouting, and soil columns. Additional construction management tools, including different software, are also developed. Tool including BIM, estimating, scheduling, and inspectional software applications are also developed and used. In conclusion, the research provides a knowledge of Florida's construction materials and methods used, compares with the world, and observes future approaches.

The Environmental Impact of Dentistry

Kennedy R. Johnson

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University 1601 S Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd

Kennedy1.johnson@famu.edu

Abstract: Any change caused to the environment due to human activities is environmental impact. Dentistry is one of the oldest medical professions and an industry that continuously expands worldwide. Taking care of oral health has a huge impact on the environment that many humans tend to look over. During dental procedures there can be a usage of over 20 different materials. Most of the materials are single used and disposed after each procedure. Single use items were created to put an end to cross contamination but has an awful impact on the environment. When you think about how many dental offices there are in each state let alone the entire world, this is an abundant total of waste. The use of nitrous oxide is beneficial in dentistry, but it leads to an increase within the carbon footprint. Exchangeable tips, recycling, amalgam separators, and ecofriendly scrubs are a few ways that dental offices can commit to going green. It should start in house with dental manufacturers so that dental offices have no choice but to purchase sustainable materials. Going green is a big transition but does not have to take place all at once. Consumers feel comfortable supporting a good cause when the places and products they receive are great for their health and the environment.

Aquaponics Plant Area Growth of Lettuce in a Small Demonstration System

Assata Johnson, Ife Calhoun1, Erin Nesmith1, Haftah Choute1, Brittney Lundy1, Xandria Chandler1, Sydnee Fo1, Jillian L. Pope1, Jesse Edwards1, Laura Tiu2, Alexander Bolques3

Florida A&M University, College of Science and Technology, Tallahassee, Fl 323071, University of Florida IFAS, Sea Grant, 732 N. 9th St. DeFuniak Springs, FL 324332, Florida A&M University, Research and Extension Center, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 4259 Bainbridge Hwy, Quincy, FL 323523

Aquaponics is a self-sustaining system that takes fish and turns their waste into nutrients for plants. In this study we worked with the FAMU Research and Extension Center to develop a demonstration unit for aquaponics. Our system uses koi fish to provide nutrients to the plants. There are 2 self-sustaining units: a three bed and one bed unit that are connected to fish tanks. We measured the growth of lettuce over time to assess the efficacy of our aquaculture. Images of plants were obtained, and the area was calculated using ImageJ software. After setting the scale to our reference, the perimeter of each plant was traced as input for area measurement. We compared the average plant area between each bed and assessed changes in area over time.

We observed an increase in plant area over time, and slight differences when comparing between aquaponic beds. Growth was substantial in areas of sustained sedimentation and absence of turbulence due to recirculated water and oxygen flow from air stones. Two systems were examined, and this pattern persisted.

Long-term press changes in Antarctic phytoplankton biomass and krill abundance for the rapidly changing West Antarctic Peninsula

Miles, L, Jordan Oscar M. Schofield, Quintin Diou-Cass, Nicole Waite, Sage Lichtenwalner Joseph Gradone, Jacquelyn Veatch

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL Rutgers–New Brunswick; New Brunswick, NJ

Over the last two decades, climate change has significantly affected glaciers, sea ice, and ice sheets along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), accelerating the retreat and melting of these habitats. This has led to a change in the trophic levels in the food webs. Shifts in phytoplankton biomass and the phytoplankton community composition have been observed on the continental shelf. This is significant as phytoplankton are the base of the food web and are predicted to impact Antarctic krill communities. Long-term press change (global warming), which is changing the sea ice, is hypothesized to affect the phytoplankton biomass composition. This, in turn, will affect the krill abundance and the trophic levels of food webs in the West Antarctic peninsula. The goal of this research is to study these processes. Using data collected over the past decade from the Palmer Long-Term Ecological Research program (PAL-LTER). I will combine the biological and chemical phytoplankton data into a time series. This will allow me to assess the high-ice years of the producers and determine if the changing ice conditions are mirrored in the phytoplankton and zooplankton data.

A Review of Building Resilience in Hurricanes

Tylah Keys, Behnam Shadravan

School of Architecture & Engineering Technology, Florida A&M University, 1339 Wahnish Way, Tallahassee, FL 32307

tylah1.keys@famu.edu

Abstract: In recent years, vast regions in the United States and other countries have been affected by hurricanes. Florida, particularly, faced the highest category of hurricanes. Climate change resulted in the increased magnitude, wind speed, precipitation, time, duration, and frequency of hurricanes. Preparing modified building codes and social resilience plans requires investigating the hurricane data and suggestions for the infrastructure to withstand the heavy winds and rains during a hurricane. The past hurricane systems resulted in casualties, financial loss, and poverty. With the knowledge of building damages, building codes evolve due to disasters and catastrophes. That leads to more effective resiliency plans, stronger building, and structural principles for preparedness. This research concentrates on the codes of the buildings and the related social resilience. The structural resilience of the buildings, mainly residential, has been investigated in recent years’ hurricanes. The reports and research literature of the affected areas are gathered. The behavior of structures with different ages is investigated versus their mandated building codes. Building damages and material behaviors were investigated. This research plans to examine, review and suggest new methods.

Bio-Conversion Study of Muscadine Grape Healthy Compounds from Fruit, Pomace, and Wine for Added Value and Increased Industry Revenue

Camden Kruis, Frank Humphries, Violeta Tsolova, Ahmed Darwish, and Islam Elsharkaway

Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research (CVSFR), College of Agriculture and Food Sciences (CAFS), Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308

Corresponding Author E-mail: Allen.humphries@famu.edu

Abstract: Consumer demand for more and diverse healthy foods continue to grow in the United States and across the globe. Muscadine grapes and subsequent products are known to contain high levels and wide array of bioactive metabolites that contribute to their powerful antioxidant activity. Phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, proanthocyanindins, catechins, quercetin, resveratrol, and myricetin are responsible for providing anticancer, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects for regular consumers. In addition, phenolic compounds attribute to quality and sensory aspects of muscadine products. Recently, researchers at Florida A&M University’s Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research (CVSFR) have completed metabolic profiling of the developmental stages of the muscadine grapes which revealed details on concentrations of specific compounds throughout the berry developmental stages. Much like the developmental stages of the berries, the different processing stages of wine production accumulate different levels of these phytochemicals that influence quality and marketability of the final product. Our project aims to utilize our results from the fruit’s phenology and to analyze the antioxidant capacity and generate metabolic profiles of the muscadine berries, juice, pomace, and wine. Increasing our understanding of the accumulation of the phytochemicals beneficial to human health at different stages of processing can increase the value of the products and increase revenue for the industry. Further care to preserve and utilize these compounds in the course of processing can increase health benefits. This project will generate new knowledge on the relationship between the metabolites produced in mature berries, pomace, and wine.

Density Functional Theory (DFT) study on Bulk Properties of Transition Metal Nitrides

Michael O. Lynn: Damilola Ologunagba: Beni B. Dangi: Shyam Kattel Department of Physics, College of Science & Technology, Florida A&M University beni.dangi@famu.edu shyam.kattel@famu.edu

First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to compute and survey multiple bulk properties of Transition Metal Nitrides (TMNs) in cubic rock salt phase. The 29 Transition Metals (TMs) included were TMs in 3d-5d series. The properties surveyed included the lattice parameter, formation energy, and vacancy formation energies (VFEs) for both TM and Nitrogen (N) components of the TMN compounds. A pool of six unique exchange-correlational functionals, LDA, AM05, PBEsol, PBE, rPBE, and BLYP, were used to calculate the properties of all 29 compounds. The data amassed from the exchange correlations suggests that the theoretical lattice parameters are best predicted using the rPBE method, when compared to the other five methods. LDA and BLYP constituted the lower and upper bounds of the data values, respectively, whilst the other methods calculated values that fell somewhere in between. Our calculations reveal negative formation energies for many TMNs, indicating the probability of their formation in rock salt structures; consistent with the experimental synthesis of TMNs in cubic structures. The calculations for VFEs showed that N vacancies are more favorable to be formed than TM vacancies for most of the 29 compounds. Moreover, we found a linear correlation between the Nitrogen VFEs and TMN formation energies, which suggests that TMNs possessing large negative values for their formation energy are less likely to form a Nitrogen vacancy. The results from this extensive survey provide a comparison of six different DFT functionals, alongside data to reference for the computation and design of TMN based materials.

Aquaponics Plant Length & Root Height

Erin

Chandler1,

Florida A&M University, College of Science and Technology, Tallahassee, Fl 323071

University of Florida IFAS, Sea Grant, 732 N. 9th St. DeFuniak Springs, FL 324332

Florida A&M University, Research and Extension Center, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Tallahassee, 4259 Bainbridge Hwy, Quincy, FL 323523 erin1.nesmith@famu.edu

Abstract: As people proceed to build residences and expand their cities, the space dedicated to agriculture continues to shrink. However, the need for crop production is rising as the population grows. Aquaponics is a growth technique that combines farming fish and plant production with hydroponics (growing plants in water without soil). In collaboration with the FAMU Research and Extension Center in Quincy, FL, lettuce has been planted throughout the aquaponic deep water cultures pods; sustained by the recirculated water from the Koi fish tanks, nutrients for their growth is supplied. This study aims to test the efficiency of the aquaculture system by measuring lettuce growth over time. The lettuce was removed from the pots, and images of root length and plant height were taken for further analysis using ImageJ software. We observed that at maturity, the lettuce reached an average size of thirty centimeters, and its root length reached an average of sixty centimeters. Expectedly, the root length corresponded with leaf growth; however, contrary to the literature, sediment appeared to assist in growing roots and, therefore, plant growth. Certain roots grew to lengths beyond 60 cm, while plants with limited to no growth had roots less than a few centimeters in length or little to no root growth at the time of measurement. Sediment gathered in areas with the least turbulence due to the flow of the recirculating water and air stone locations within the deepwater cultures.

Nesmith1, Assata Johnson1, Ife Calhoun1, Haftah Choute1, Brittney Lundy1, Xandria

Sydnee Fo1, Jillian L. Pope1, Jesse Edwards1, Laura Tiu2, Alexander Bolques3

AI Applications in Non-Point Source Pollution

Florida A&M University

1601 S Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307

kevin1.poole@famu.edu

Abstract: This research paper explores the various applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in non-point source pollution management. Non-point source pollution is pollution that originates from many diffuse areas (land surface or atmosphere) and is transported by rainfall or snowmelt moving over or through the ground into lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters, and underground resources. This type of pollution poses a significant challenge to environmental managers, as it can be caused by numerous sources, making it difficult to control and prevent. The paper discusses how AI can be used to model and predict the movement of pollutants in water bodies, allowing for more effective management strategies. It also explores the use of AI in identifying potential sources of pollution and assessing their impact on water quality. The study further examines how AI can be applied in real-time monitoring and detection of pollutants in water systems, enabling prompt response and mitigation of pollution incidents. The research draws upon case studies and examples of AI applications in non-point source pollution management, including the use of machine learning algorithms, sensor networks, data mining, predictive modeling, and remote sensing techniques. The study concludes that AI has enormous potential to revolutionize non-point source pollution management and highlights the need for further research and development in this field to enhance the effectiveness of AI-based pollution management systems.

Kevin J. Poole, Micala Jones, Lauren Hawkins, Jasmine Calloway, Ryan Nedd, Almando Kessy Morain, Herbert Franklin, Aavudai Anandhi Swamy

Study of the Effects of Light Intensity on a Photochemical Reaction

Hannah Rogers, Kyra J. Powell, and Bishnu P. Regmi

Department of Chemistry

Florida A and M University

Tallahassee, FL 32307

Photochemical reactions are the reactions that occur upon exposure to light. A mixture of 2,2′bipyridine, sodium pyruvate, and ferric chloride creates a yellow-tinted solution that turns a light pink color in the presence of light. The pyruvate ions reduce ferric ions into ferrous ions, which then bond to 2,2′-bipyridine molecules to give a pink-colored complex. To test how light affects reaction time, a simple experiment was conducted. By placing different vials of the experimental mixture at different distances in the line of an LED lamp, the intensity of the pink color was qualitatively detected. Theoretically, the closer to an LED light source, the quicker the reaction will occur. The results of the experiment conducted indicate the initial hypothesis was correct. The experiment showed that the vial closest to the lamp, which was at 16 cm from the lamp, had the strongest shade of pink within 30 minutes of the reaction. The second vial, which was at 32 cm away from the first, was a much lighter shade of pink. The third (at 48 cm) and fourth (at 64 cm) vials displayed little to no change in color. The fifth vial, as the control reaction, did not change color as it remained at an ‘infinite’ distance from the light. This experiment, while simple, is a wonderful demonstration of a photochemical redox reaction and its relationship with light intensity. We are planning to test a number of other compounds instead of pyruvate.

Detecting plagiarism in C++ Programs

Isaac J. Royal and Edward L. Jones, PhD

College of Science and Technology

Florida A&M University

Tallahassee, FL 32307

E-mail: isaac1.royal@famu.edu

Abstract: Throughout most of the educational environment, plagiarism has always been a growing concern, especially in terms of technical-based assignments. Theses assignments require a student to use the information and techniques given in class, in order to successfully solve a problem provided by their professor using a C++ program. But over time, detecting plagiarism for these assignments has become increasingly difficult, due to the implementation of a stater file for each student. This starter file would provide each individual student with a piece of a completed program, making them responsible for completing the rest of the program based on their knowledge and understanding. The purpose of this project is to investigate methods to detect plagiarism when students are given a partially complete program. Previous methods for finding plagiarism in C++ programs was the use of tokens, which are spaces or other characters in a source file, to determine if two students' programs were identical. If the token count was exactly or close to the same, then suspicion could arise for a possible plagiarism case. However, newer methods that could be applied, with implication of the starter file, include the use of a grading report, and detection of anomalous code, which will use errors to determine the similarity of each students’ programs. Using these methods, a hypothesis can be concluded that if the errors in each student’s program match one another, then there is a possible case of plagiarism that could be made. This project can further add to the development of anti-plagiarism technology, that can differentiate between the original code given, and the additions made by each individual student.

Investigate the effects of Plasma Activated Water (PAW) on the growth, safety, and quality of Chia and Buckwheat Microgreens

Jaydon, D, Sanford and Dr. Juzhong, Tan

Florida A&M University College of Agriculture and Food Sciences

1740 S Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, Tallahassee, Fl 32307

jaydon1.sanford@famu.edu

Plasma activated water is an environmentally friendly sanitizer that is produced when water is treated with cold atmospheric plasma. Plasma activated water has antimicrobial capability because of its reactive species such as ozone, peroxynitrite, and hydrogen peroxide. In this study, chia and buckwheat microgreens were germinated and grown hydroponically in plastic trays with organic soil or cotton sheets. The trays were placed in a greenhouse with controlled light and temperature. Each tray was watered by 200 ml commercial nutrient solution plus 100 ml of plasma activated water or tap water per day. The growth of the microgreens was monitored, and the microgreens were harvested at day 14 after germination. The total plate count, wet/dry weight, and ash content of the microgreens were measured upon harvest. The results indicated that with plasma activated water treatment, the growth, ash content, and yield of both chia and buckwheat microgreens were not significantly different from the control samples. However, the total plate count of the plasma activated water treated chia and buckwheat microgreens were significantly lower than the control samples, indicating an improved safety.

Flies and their importance to Forensic Entomology

Jermane D. Taylor, Jr.

Florida A&M University and 1601 S Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307

Jermane1.taylor@famu.edu

Abstract: The work that I am doing for the College of Agriculture and Food science is a presentation based around one of the basic tenets of Forensic Entomology, the field I would like to enter. I am researching the flies that appear on a dead body that is left outside during decomposition. I am working towards completing this project because the concept of it interests me and the researching of flies and their importance to the process of decomposition. Adult flies and their eggs and larva play a vital role in decomposition and the aim of this project is to shine a light in their functions in the process for a future generation of Forensic Entomologists. There are three species of flies that I have primarily observed and found on the body of a deer at the site These species are Caliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, and Muscidae. I have begun catching these flies to create a collection to analyze, study, and identify the flies. The collection primarily consists of Caliphoridae with only one Sarcophagidae. The current total number of flies collected is around 20 and I plan to collect more specimens to broaden the sample size and the diversity of the collection. The purpose of collecting these flies is to get an accurate picture as to what goes on a decaying body regarding insect activity and the main species drawn to the decaying flesh. I am attempting to enhance the discipline of Forensic Entomology’s theory of insect presence after death and during decomposition.

Enantiomeric Separation and Evaluation of the Antinociceptive Properties of the Eutomer of CSV-3-93: Methods Development

Eljaye W. Tellis, Barbara Bricker, MS, Chandra Voshavar, PhD., Seth Y. Ablordeppey, PhD

Florida A&M University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health. Tallahassee, Florida

Eljaye1.Tellis@famu.edu

Abstract: Neuropathic pain is caused by damage or alteration of the nervous system characterized by abnormal hypersensitivity to stimuli and nociceptive responses to non-noxious stimuli It is common in viral infections and autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system The Journal of Pain research reported the prevalence of neuropathic pain at 10% in the US population. Opioid drugs are commonly used to treat neuropathic pain but are linked to physical dependence, tolerance, overdose, nausea, and confusion. Therefore, different treatment options are necessary.

CSV-3-93 is a novel compound designed as a replacement for opioids in treating neuropathic pain However, CSV-3-93 has a chiral center and is therefore a racemic mixture of two enantiomers and the readouts of its biological evaluations will be difficult to interpret. In this project, an analytical chiral HPLC column was used to develop a good separation of the enantiomers of CSV-3-93. In doing so, different ratios of mobile phase components were tested during method development to generate an acceptable HPLC separation for this compound. Three different compositions of Hexane:Ethanol:Diethylamine and four different compositions of Hexane:Isopropanol: Diethylamine were tested as mobile phases In the final analysis, it was determined that 95:5:0.1

Hexane: Isopropanol: Diethylamine generated the best separation the enantiomers. This method will now be applied to a larger semi-preparatory HPLC chiral column to separate and collect each enantiomer.

Exploration of Assisted-DIW Processing for Polyimide and Vitrimer Materials

Austin J. Williams, Balaji Krishna-Kumar, PhD, Tarik Dickens, PhD

FAMU-FSU College of Engineering

Austin3.williams@famu.edu

Abstract: The UV sensitive polyimide (PI) ink prepared with disulfide exchanges, where it could promote the chain exchanges without any crosslink density reduction. Thus, the conventional maleic anhydride reacts with the covalent exchange’s promotable disulfide diamine (2aminophenyl disulfide). Subsequently, diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO) (UV-sensitizer) is included with the obtain polyamic acid to make it as a 3D printable ink; as well as, magnetic field orientable nickel nanowires introduce to understand the alignment dependent property changes, also boron nitride nanotubes are added to understand property changes. Eventually, curing is performed at an elevated temperature for attaining the printed structure without any damage. Altogether, the printed material could have the ability to reprocess/recycle several times due to the vitrimer behavior.

45 Leadership in Social Action

Precious, R. Robles

School of Allied Health Sciences

precious1.robles@famu.edu

Leadership in social action is the topic of this research paper's thesis. It is crucial to understand the many leadership philosophies throughout history and how they have changed to become what they are now. A clear, succinct definition of leadership has never existed, which is the problem. In order to fully understand leadership and how it came to be in the current day, it is my mission to dig deep into these issues. The social activism African Americans have engaged in throughout history and into the present will be covered in detail in this essay, along with the many leadership philosophies used. The critical conclusion I have drawn is that while there are numerous definitions of leadership and many leadership philosophies, leadership ultimately means setting an example for others to follow. Being a leader, being kind, motivating others, and speaking up for others are all qualities that are in demand.

URS COMMITTEE

Undergraduate Research Symposium Committee

Tiffany Wilson Ardley, Ph.D. Director, Office of Undergraduate Research Associate Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CoPPS, IPH

Dominique Bailey, MA, NCC SLS Instructor Office of Freshman Studies

Julian L. BourneSmothers, Ph.D. SLS Course Coordinator Office of Freshman Studies (OFS)

Jennifer Collins, Ph.D. Assistant Provost, Freshmen Studies Professor of Management

Deidre W. Evans, Ph.D. Director, University Honors Center Associate Professor, Department of Computer & Information Sciences

Brandon Moton, DrPH, MPH Assistant Professor Division of Health Science School of Allied Health Sciences

Acknowledgements

The URS Committee would like to extend a special thanks to the following people for helping to make this symposium a success.

Photographer – Tyliek Clark & Nyssa Georges

Videographer – Nyssa Georges

Registration – Office of Freshman studies Staff, Peer Mentors and Teaching Assistants

Arthur Cavano, Director of Venue Management, Al Lawson Multipurpose Center

Terence Hightower – Building Manager, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health

Michael Williams – Coordinator, Moving & Setup, Al Lawson Multipurpose Center

C. Perry Brown, DrPH, MSPH

Professor of Public Health, Director, Global Health Initiative College of Pharmacy and Pharrmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health