SAFEHAUS
WOMEN + CHILDREN’S
SAFEHAUS
MEGAN KUZMA_SENIOR THESIS_2013_ SANDY STANNARD
“Never look down on someone unless you are helping them up.” -Jesse Jackson
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STOP
I ask of you one thing before continuing through this book: Please take a moment to observe your surroundings, your living situation, your health, your posessions. Now imagine that.... POOF... theyre gone. Not by choice or carelessness. They are gone because of unavoidable circumstances. LOOK AROUND, SOAK IT UP, AND BE THANKFUL.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS MY FAMILY
For spending an incredible amount of time and effort to provide me with the opportunities I’ve had this far in life. You are the biggest influences in my life, making me the person I am today. your endless love and support is greatly appreciated. Thanks for everything... litterallly, everything.
MY FRIENDS
For loving and supporting me throughout these crazy, hectic years in college. You keep my spirirt up no matter the situation and have played a huge role in how much I’ve accomplished this far. You are the latter half of my favorite motto...”work hard, play hard.”
TEACHERS Greg Wynn, for putting up with me for four quarters here at Cal Poly, always providing me with guidance and lessons in architecture, art, and personal life. Thank you for always being that someone at Cal Poly I can come to with anything on my mind. Brent Freeby for inspiring me my freshman year to keep up with architecture. You are one of the most personable professors I’ve had in school, always offering advice in architecture and life. Sandy Stannard for guiding me through my 5th year thesis. We are only a quarter deep, but I appreciate the effort you’ve put into making this class a fluid, organized process while having fun along the way. Ms. Ix, for inspiring me to think differently in highschool and encourage my pursuit in a field related to art.
PREFACE
INSPIRATION
DESIGN
SITUATION CONTEXT PROCESS
PREFACE
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personal excerpt
For nine months the infant grows and grows in the womb... At the end an x-ray shows the small but developed body quite bent over on itself and cramped; yet so very much has happened- indeed, a whole new life has come into being. For some hundreds of thousands of American children, that stretch of time, those months, represent the longest rest ever to be had, the longest stay in any one place. -Richard Coles, Uprooted Children
I come from an upper-middle class family, a nice neighborhood, a large home in a suburb, never having to question whether or not I would be in the same living environment the next month. In fact, my family has been in the same house my entire life. I’ve always been around people with similar back grounds, shielded from the struggles many have to face on a day-to-day basis. My quest to appreciate these luxuries and figure out how to give back to those less fortunate has led me to my senior thesis. I moved into a different home in San Luis Obispo for my last year at Cal Poly. It’s located in a different part of town than I’ve ever lived in before. Near the train tracks and near downtown, we get a different population of people walking by my house every day. I see many more transient, homeless, and traveling people than I ever have in my life. For many who are homeless they have gotten into their current situation through bad luck, unfortunate circumstances, or a rough up-bringing. I cannot imagine what it would be like to be in their shoes. The most satisfying feeling in the world to me is being able to self-suffice. I grew up alongside three older brothers always teaching me how to hold my own. Independence is something I would hate to lose. It is something that many of the homeless, in their current situation, have lost and do not know how or have the capability to regain. I want to invest my senior thesis in questioning the current system and finding out a possible solution to this problem.
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SITUATION
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1198 20
WOMEN 21
IN SAN LUIS 22
OBISPO COUNTY 23
ARE 24
HOMELESS
Loss of a job, lack of affordable housing, death of a family member, domestic violence, disability, a low paying job, natural disaster, catastrophic illness, lack of affordable health care... these factors account for the reason why hundreds of thousands have become homeless in America. No one is immune to these devastating events. With enough factors acting against you, anyone could find themselves homeless. As Elliot Liebow describes in his novel, Tell Them Who I Am, “A few of the women I met in the shelters or on the street may have been on their way down to join the caricature population. To my knowledge, I never met anyone on the way up from there. This is not to say that some do not recover... but the cards are stacked against them.” The goal of this project is to offer a healthy, comforting, inspiring shelter for homeless women and children in San Luis Obispo to get them back up off their feet and encourage independence. In the past homelessness has been an institution that, “Makes healthy people ill, normal people clinically depressed, and those who may already be unwell a great deal worse.” -Jonathon Kozol My thesis will challenge this seemingly fixed problem we see in shelters.
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ACCORDING TO DATA FROM A 2011 SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY HOMELESS ENUMERATION REPORT...
49% slept outside or in a vehicle and only 26% slept in a shelter, transitional housing or a halfway house SAN LUIS OBISPO 2011 REPORT
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POPULATIOIN: 273,231 MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $57,628 INDIVIDUALS BELOW POVERTY; 13.6% HOUSEHOLDS SPENDING MORE THAN 30% OF INCOME ON HOUSING: SLO: 61.1% CA: 54.5% USA:50.1%
To the common San Luis Obispo resident, the vision of the local homeless is greatly skewed. Most are only exposed to homelessness in areas such as downtown or else close to homeless facilities. The reality of the problem reaches much further. Those who hold some sort of employment, which according the report, make up a large portion of the homeless population, and minors who regularly attend school, are shielded from the public’s eye. The common view of homeless as being wandering, bag-carrying, grungy, and inebriated only speaks of a very small proportion of the homeless in San Luis Obispo.
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SAN LUIS OBISPO RESIDENTS
Victoria is in her 60s and she lives on the side of the road in her broken-down Ford station wagon. She has been living in her car for 2 months now, she is disabled and says she has no where to go. She applied for the pilot parking program at the Prado Day Center, but she is hesitant to be part of it because she is worried about her friend Marilyn. Marilyn also lives on the side of the road near Victoria's car in a wheelchair with all her possessions gathered around her.
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Sandra has been homeless since about 1994 when her husband divorced her
and left her with no money. She prefers to not go to a shelter because she doesn’t want to follow the rules and regulations, she views them as more of a hassle than help. “The shelters hurt you mentally. They degrade you into thinking you can’t accomplish your goals.” Sandra can’t get a job or find anywhere to rent without having some sort of references, something she’s completely lacking.
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279 HOMELESS SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY RESIDENTS WERE
“A BATHTUB WITH HOT WATER”
“WHAT DO YOU NEED TO “TO STAY CLEAN & SOBER & KEEP MY SERENITY” “I NEED TO CATCH A BREAK” “I NEED ASSISTANCE WITH MY COURT CASE” “I NEED A STEADY INCOME”
SURVEYED AND RESPONDED TO THIS QUESITON AS SO...
“I NEED SOMEONE TO BELIEVE IN ME”
CHANGE YOUR LIFE?” “A BIGGER SHELTER” “OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOW-INCOME HOUSING” “I NEED FRIENDS” “I NEED CREATURE COMFORTS”
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CONTEXT
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SAN LUIS OBISPO 35°16’35”N LATITUDE 120°38’42”W LONGITUDE TEMPERATE CLIMATE
The site is located on the eastern edge of San Luis Obispo, off Johnson Street. A number of sites were considered for this project, but given the closeness to transportation, surrounding building zones, proximity to open space, views, near-by homeless support facilities, size of the lot, and existing site history this site fits the program and challenge best.
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SAN LUIS OBISPO
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NEARBY HOMELESS SUPPORT SERVICES 1
Public Health CHC Clinic Syringe Exchange
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God’s Store House
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SLCUSD Homeless Liason
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Senior Brown Bag
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Salvation Army
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Green Pastures
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Senior Nutrition Program
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St Vincent De Paul
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St Stephan’s Brown Bag
10 HASLO 11 Transitions Mental Health 12 Envictino Prevention Program 13 Independent Living Resource 14 Drug & Alcohol Services 15 Maxine Lewis Shelter
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The majority of the surrounding developed land is single-family residential. Immedietely next to the site has been zoned to hold public faciliies including a child development center, hospital, transitional care center, probation department, community health center, and Baptist church. Proximity to facilities such as these is crucial for this type of program. Many residents cannot afford rent, let alone a vehicle of their own. The site sits at the bottom of a hill, backing up to open land, providing a visual connection to nature. This will provide comfort and ease for residents in thier difficult situations.
RESIDENTIAL
PUBLIC FACILITIES
GREEN/ OPEN SPACE
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1 2
3
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N
1
ORPHANAGE/ JUVENILE DETENTION CENTER -Historical -Abandonned -eerie/spooky -Asbestos contamination
2
GREEN SPACE/ CREEK -Natural -Paeceful/ Quiet -Escape
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NEIGHBORING FACILITIES -Hospital/ Public centers -Feeling of Healing -Serious/ cold
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HILLS TO EAST -Quiet -Natural -Privacy/ Protection
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SITE -Grassy open space -Peaceful -retreat/ escape -View of SLO -Outskirts of SLO
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3
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A challenge that comes with the site is it’s slope. Located at the base of a hill, it’s elevation changes over 80 feet from one side to the other. Though it may be a challenge figuring out grading, the slope offers a number of benefits as well. Views from the site are incrediblle, looking out over San Luis Obispo. They will be able to see the setting sun to the left of Madonna Mountain and Bishop’s Peak. The slope also provides a sense of escape from the Johnson St. traffic and surrounding neighbors.
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“Built in the 1920s, it was used as an orphanage around 1931 during the great depression, then a juvenile detention center of notorious quality up until the 1974. Rumors circulate the building that it was once a hospital for children stricken with tuberculosis, and another rumor claims the building was an institution for the criminally insane. It was later plagued by multiple fires and eventually shut down by the fire
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marshal, deemed a fire hazard containing dangerous amounts of asbestos. Since then it has received many uninvited visitors, mainly thrillseekers and vandals. As of now the property is up for sale, the neglect, vandalism, and cost to repair the historic site is too great for the city to handle. Hopefully whoever purchases the property will respect its past and beauty and help preserve this wonderful spot of attraction.� -RYDER NOLL-ROBLES
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Sunny Acres when it was functioning as a juvenile detention center
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Prints and newspaper articles from San Luis Obispo Historical Center
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EXISTING TILED ROOF
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EXISTING DETERIORATING INTERIOR
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Wild grass spreads over the majority of the site. Tall oaks, palm trees, and other possibly native trees line the property on the western side. Thicker, fuller vegetation runs alongside the stream that flows thorugh the northwestern corner of the site. This area is made up of a variety of species, with a fenced off area full of spiney, medium height flowering plants. The stream is pretty dry in summer months, but picks up with each rain making for a serene setting. From the upper part of the site (eastern side) the views of san Luis Obispo are magnificent! Madonna Mountain, Bishops Peak, Terrace Hill, and Reservoir Canyon are all part of the scenery. Not to mention a great view spot for watching the sun set over San Luis Obispo. This site offers points of view not everyone in town gets to experience.
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BIRDS
MAMMALS
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PLANTS
Spending time at the site, you will see and hear a variety of birds. In the evenings nocturnal birds come out, changing the tone of the site. Backing up to the grassy Reservoir Canyon hills, rodents are also prevalent in this part of San Luis Obispo. Larger animals are very rarely seen in San Luis Obispo, but there have been a few sightings, especially back in the hills neighboring this site. The vegetation of this area contains California sagebrush as well as non-native-annual grasses. Most of the native plants of San Luis Obispo thrive in the moderately wet winters and warm dry summers. Planting with natives means less water and less care.
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SAN LUIS OBISPO
35°16’35.84”N LATITUDE 120°38’42.62”W LONGITUDE TEMPERATE CLIMATE Temperate climates are those without extremes of temperature and precipitation (rain and snow). The changes between summer and winter are generally invigorating without being frustratingly extreme.
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SUMMER WIND
WINTER WIND
WIND DIAGRAM INTERPRETATION In both the Summer and Winter months the prominent wind direction is from the north-west. San Luis Obispo’s temperate climate does not require much cooling, but cross-ventillation will help on any warmer days. Cross ventillation should be emphasizeded in rooms that many people will be gathering, such as common rooms, kitchens, and meeting/class rooms.
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INTERPRETING THE CHART
San Luis Obispo’s temperate climate allows for comfort in the building using only passive heating strategies. Living in San Luis Obsipo the last four years, I have never once had a heater or air conditioning. None of the houses or apartments were designed well in terms of passive heating and cooling. Whenever it got into the hottest part of summer or coldest part of winter ventillation or change of clothing sufficed. A building that utilizes the following design strategies should be fine in this location without requiring energy-consuming mechanical systems.
DESIGN STRATEGIES
BUILDING ORIENTATION-for optimal solar use SOUTHERN WINDOWS THERMAL MASS- tiles, stone, concrete OUTDOOR SPACES- sunny, wind-protected INSULATION- heat gain from users will reduce heating needs WINDOW OVERHANGS/ SUNSHADES VENTILATION- in summer TREES- in front of passive solar windows SKYLIGHTS- small well-insulated KEEP THE BUILDING SMALL
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WATER SOURCE
SLO receives raw water from five sources; Salinas Reservoir, Whale Rock Reservoir, Nacimiento Reservoir, groundwater (well) and recycled water.
WASTE DISPOSAL
There are three local landfills: Cold Canyon Landfill, Chicago Grade and Paso Robles, and the Nipomo Transfer Station.
ENERGY SOURCE
Energy is supplied from Diablo Canyon Power Plant.
Carbon calculator
Just by changing the construction type from wood to concrete the embodied CO2 almost doubled. Other factors such as closeness of materials and durability of materials should be considered as well.
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OCCUPANCY TYPE
All buildings are classified according to the occupancy group. Mixed use facilites must comply with the strictest occupancy or have separations between uses. Occupancy requirements trigger requirements for type of construction, fire protection, allowable area, and agress. Group B: Business for the small-business ran by residents Group R: Residential R-1: boarding houses R-2: apartments, dorms R-3: single-family homes (This population wil likely fall into the R-2 group)
EGRESS
1. Provide TWO continuous unobstructed paths of vertical/horizontal exit travel. 2. Egress path must become INCREASINGLY safe, never more perilous. 3. Doors must swing in travel direction 4. Large spaces require multiple exits 5. Doors must not swing into required egress width 6. Shared horizontal exits must widen, shared vertical paths don’t
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ZONING REGULATIONS
MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL R-2 Zone Maximum density: 12 density units per net acre Maximum height: 35 feet Maximum coverage: 50% MEDIUM-HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL R-3 Zone Max density: 18 density units per net acre Maximum height: 35 feet Maximum coverage: 60% HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL R-4 Zone Max density: 24 density units per net acre Maximum height: 35 feet Maximum coverage: 60%
CONSTRUCTION TYPE
Construction types I-V refer to their fire resistance in structural applications. The lower the tyoe the higher the fire resistance. Types I & II: non combustible (steel, concrete, masonry) Type III: mixed-combustible Type IV: heavy timber
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INSPIRATION
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PROGRAM & PASSIVE PRECEDENTS CAPSLO HOMELESS SHELTER BY GARCIA + GWYNNE ARCHITECTS [San Luis Obispo, CA] -local proposed project addresses same local homeless problem -helping residents achieve economic self-sufficiency -spaces include community rooms, day-use service areas, kitchen, offices, medical services, mental helth areas, and dormitories -provides 200 beds for men, women, and families -issue of security addressed -strong connections to outdoor spaces
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BRIDGE SHELTER BY OVERLAND PARTNERS ARCHITECTS [Dallas, TX. 2009] -remediates homelessness and improves the urban environment -provides a model of sustainability -the surrounding area has since seen a crime reduction of 18% -this statistic is a “testament to the power that design can wield when it is executed with a vision of bettering lives” (Inhabitat) -won AIA’s National 2009 Housing Award -artists worked with users to create installations giving them a sense of ownership
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SHELTER HOME FOR THE HOMELESS BY JAVIER LARRAZ [Navarra, Spain. 2010] -redefines the homeless shelter -”silent box” to protect from the curiosity of the onlookers -spatially rational with a modular design; “no room for fancies” -economic construction which took 6 months -example of an entire system... the denter offers food and shelter in exchange for daily tasks like cleaning, gardening, painting, etc -flexible in the functions it serves
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EARTH HARMONY HABITATS BY SUSTAINABLE STEPS [Portland, OR] -economic: building cost of $100/sqft -affordable housing for qualified owners -demonstration project -high density living, self-sustaining living
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passive and active sustainable design including: pv panels, solar hot water, rain catchment, composting toilets, bio-intensive permaculture garden, net zero energy, net zero water, net zero food
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PASSIVE PRECEDENTS M9-C HOUSING BY BP ARCHITECTURES [London, England. 2012] -example of multiple shading techniques -canopy over first level classrooms -folding shutters on exterior & southern interior -perforations in shutters for sunlight
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NAKAI HOUSE BY GRADUATE STUDENTS [Bluff, Utah] -example of ventilation -design build grad student project -operable windows on both sides -footprint kept small and narrow which allows for better cross ventillation
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EQUIPO OLIVARES CAPACO HOUSE [Canary Islands. 2007] -thermal mass example -reflects surrounding landscape -thick walls to protect from hot/humid climate -beautifully executed
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CHILES RESIDENCE BY TONIC DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION [North Carolina. Abandoned in 1960, re-designed 2006] -example of outdoor space -from outside house looks transparent -multiple outdoor spaces on each floor -blurring interior and exterior
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PROCESS 85
REJUVENATE
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to restore to a former state; make fresh or new again; to renew the activity by uplift or by removal of a barrier.
All materials used in this piece were chosen with rehabilitation in mind. The wood top was scrap from a local lumberyard, unsellable, and therefore unwanted. The steel plates came from a junkyard, at some point discarded after their original unknown use. With a little elbow grease and revamping, these materials will be used for the perfect place to set your tea, glasses, and novel. Photo credit to Jeannette Senn.
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SUPPORT SERVICES
PROGRAM
Lobby Reception Desk Staff Offices
Resident Lockers Restrooms Laundry Health Center Counseling Rooms Career Counseling Room Tutoring Center Library Computer Lab Study Spaces Child Daycare Restrooms Tutoring Room Elevator/Stairs Mechanical Room Storage Closet
THE HEART
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Kitchen Restrooms Storage Closet Trash/Recycling Room Mechanical Room Sitting Area Activity Tables Eating Tables
RESIDENT HOUSING Women’s Dorms 4 eight person rooms Family Dorms 4 eight person rooms Family Rooms 4 two person rooms 4 three person rooms Entry Lobby Elevator/Stairs Mechanical Room Trash Room Storage Closet
TRANSITIONAL HOUSING 2 two-bedroom apts. 2 one-bedroom apts -kitchen -living room -bathroom
SITE MODEL
[ACTUAL SIZE AT 1”- 30’]
N
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THROUGH THE SAFEHOUSE
FAMILY SUITES
6 MONTH EVALUATION
JOURNEY
3 MONTH EVALUATION
A RESIDENT’S
FAMILY SUITES TRANSITIONAL FAMILY DORMS
ENTER
FAMILY DORMS
TRANSITIONAL WOMEN DORMS
WOMEN DORMS TRANSITIONAL
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ACCEPTANCE BACK INTO THIS PROGRAM, AFTER 9
9 MONTHS
OUT
TRANSITIONAL
OUT
OUT OUT
TRANSITIONAL
OUT
OUT OUT
TRANSITIONAL
OUT
OUT
MONTHS, DEPENDS ON EVALUATION AND VACANCY
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TRANSITIONAL
SECURITY AND PRIVACY
FAMILY SUITES
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FAMILY DORMS WOMENS DORMS DAYCARE
SUPPORT SERVICES WASH
COMMUNITY SPACE LOBBY
LIBRARY
CONNECTION [old+new]
-Equality -New as a continuation of the old -Touch... intimacy
-Separation -Intermix -Differentiating spaces -Two seperate things and uses but having similarities -Respecting old -Common factor
-Linked -visual emphasis on connection -Intermediary element
ENTRANCE
-Maintain original entry -Option to create a new experience to the ‘Heart’ for residents
-Maintain original entry -Maintains front facade of existing building -Circulation to ‘Heart’ too far/disconnected
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1RM
1RM
TV
2RM 2RM
1RM
1RM
1RM
1RM
KITCHEN
SITTING
TRANSITIONAL
OFF
BR
2RM
1RM
ACTIVITIES
DINING
COMMON
1RM 1RM
BR
OFFIC
1RM 2RM
BR
2RM
2RM
FAMILY DORM FAMILY DORM
RESIDENTS
BR
FAMILY DORM
FAMILY DORM
BR
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COMMON
COMMON
SINGLES DORM
BR
SINGLES DORM
SINGLES DORM
SINGLES DORM
BR
RESI BUS
DAYCARE OFFICE
BR
BR
COUNSELING
CAREER MEETING ROOM
HEALTH
TUTOR
SERVICES
OFFICE
LIBRARY
INGLES DORM
S M
BR
COMPUTERS
LOCKERS
RESIDENT’S BUSINESS
LAUNDRY DONATION
WASH CENTER
MECH. ROOM
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CHARETTES SUN, WIND, LIGHT... with the majority of wind coming form the northwest, sunlight from the south and shading needed on the south
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STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION... with the structure of the existing abandoned buidling extending and rotating to maximize southern exposure and warm outdoor spaces
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CONNECTION... with emphasis on change in material between the old abandoned building and the new women and children’s shelter
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BIOMIMETIC DESIGN... mimicing a web-like structure between buildings, creating space between and connecting them for program interaction
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DESIGN 101
N EXISTING SITE PLAN
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PROPOSED SITE PLAN__The buildings are arranged on the site in a way that protects the inner courtyard. The idea behind the placement of buildings is it will cradle or create a womb-like feeling for the residents in the common areas. Situated on such an open, expansive site, a feeling of place needs to be created; an implied space between buildings will make this large site feel more comforting and support community.
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EXISTING FLOOR PLANS EXISTING FLOOR 1
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EXISTING FLOOR 2
PROPOSED FLOOR PLANS SUPPORT SERVICES FLOOR 1
SUPPORT SERVICES FLOOR 2
The existing two story brick building is where support services will be located. The two fires in this building’s past have destroyed the interior floor and wall structure so an entire gutting is necessary. The North wing will hold health services, counseling services, and staff offices. The south wing will hold the two-story library space as well as the child daycare and tutoring on the second floor.
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RESIDENT’S HOUSING FLOOR -1
RESIDENT’S HOUSING FLOOR -2
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RESIDENT’S HOUSING FLOOR 1
Resident’s Housing This building is split up into smaller groups of residents as opposed to the common arrangement of 50+ people in a single space with roll-out cots. This will support community at the smallest scale as well as provide residents with that sense of security and privacy they lack at other shelters. The building will be split between singles’ dormitories, family dormitories, and family 1 and 2 bedroom suites.
THE HEART FLOOR 1
TRANSITIONAL HOUSING FLOOR -2
“The Heart” This building is located between residents living spaces and support services. It is meant to be the welcoming point for current residents as well as hold the kitchen, eating area, and living space. The building and strenthening of community takes place at points of human interaction. A space that will maximize these points of interaction is the goal for the “Heart.”
Transitional Housing If after living at this shelter for 3-6 months, and the resident is almost ready for a place of their own, they have the option to take part in the transitional housing program where they will be taught how to run a household sucessfully. These studios, one-, or two-bedroom apartments are a separate area of the complex. The proximity to support services isn’t as important, as they are “on their way out.”
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Entry into the “Heart” [community space]
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View from the bottom of the site
East-West Section through site
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The additions to the existing building will use the same vocabulary as the path. The southern wall currently only has one opening for daylighting to be let in. I am proposing a large opening be cut through the brick so daylight can pour into the library and daycare. The entrance to this building will move to the left side where a window currently sits.
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This model of a resident’s dormitory explores, on a small scale, how design can support women’s specific needs. Security and sense of one’s own space were two issues multiple women talked about missing in the current homeless shelters. These cubby-like spaces are lined with a felt material and recessed to create a womb-like space. A quiet, comforting space near the window is a place for reflection and relaxation, something they don’t often find in shelters.
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BUILDING PERFORMANCE MODELING
The building modeled was the residential hall. The biggest problems came with the occupancy load and overheating. Shading and reducing southern glazing helped bring it back to a more comfortable interior temperature.
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6-10 degrees off south axis 2 stories About 35 feet by 100 feet Larger windows on South and smaller on North Concrete mass flor slabs in common room Shading on South (pathway shades first story)
FLOOR PLAN [LEVEL 2]
MODELED IN SOLAR SHOEBOX
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BIBLIOGRAPHY books on homelessness Kozol, Jonathan. Rachel and Her Children. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press, 1988. Liebow, Elliot. Tell Them Who I Am. New York, NY: Penguin Books, 1995. precedents http://www.archdaily.com/124688/shelter-home-for-the-homeless-javier-larraz/ http://www.archdaily.com/195063/design-for-homeless-shelter-in-san-luis-obispoawarded/ http://inhabitat.com/basalt-capaco-is-a-quiet-green-roofed-home-in-the-canary-islands/ http://www.inhabitat.com/bridge-homeless-shelter-wins-aia-national-housing-award/ http://inhabitat.com/chiles-residence-from-an-abandoned-house-to-a-light-filledhome-for-art-collectors/ http://www.sustainablesteps.com/affordable-mini-cohousing.html water http://www.slocity.org/utilities/faq.asp#Supply codes http://www.ci.san-luis-obispo.ca.us/communitydevelopment/enforcefaq. asp#FAQ%202 climate data [Climate Consultant used for most data] http://www.enviropedia.org.uk/Climate/Temperate_Climate.php
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San Luis Obispo data http://www.unitedwayslo.org/homeless/Enumeration%20Report%202011.pdf codes and zoning regulations http://www.ci.san-luis-obispo.ca.us/communitydevelopment/enforcefaq.asp#FAQ%202 images portraits by Lee Jeffries 2 vellum images by Jeanette Senn http://www.bized.co.uk/current/mind/2003_4/150304.htm all animal images found on google images website: http://www.google.com/ imghp?hl=en&tab=wi http://www.sanluisobispo.com/2013/01/07/2348482/homeless-center-project-deserves.html plants http://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi http://plantscay.blogspot.com/2010/01/baccharis-to-bulbinella.html http://sfsucampusecology.wordpress.com/land/natural-history/ http://www.fourdir.com/p_california_sage.htm http://www.urbanwildlands.org/bbrp.html research on homelessness http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2002/10/25_architecture.html
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