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STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
1
arbor vitae
white matter of cerebellum; carries sensory and motor info to and from
2
cerebellar cortex
gray matter of cerebellum; cognitive functions like attention & language
3
massa intermedia
gray matter that connects left and right thalamus
3
massa intermedia (hole in third ventricle)
gray matter that connects left and right thalamus
4
pineal gland
secretes melatonin
5
mammillary body
eating reflexes
6
optic chiasma
where optic nerves cross
7
tracts that connect the cerebral hemispheres
8
anterior commissure corpora quadrigemina: superior colliculus
9
corpora quadrigemina: inferior colliculus
receives auditory input
lateral ventricles (2)
circulates CSF; shock absorber
11
third ventricle
circulates CSF; shock absorber
12
fourth ventricle
circulates CSF; shock absorber
13
cerebral aqueduct
canal that connects 3rd and 4th ventricles; circulates CSF
14
tentorium cerebelli
separates cerebrum from the cerebellum
15
posterior commissure
tracts that connect the cerebral hemispheres
16
corpus callosum
relays info between the two cerebral hemispheres
17
septum pellucidum
separates left and right lateral ventricles
18
fornix
tracts of white matter that connect hippocampus & hypothalamus
19
gyri:
increase cerebral surface area
20
olfactory bulb
carries smell info from nose to brain
21
sulci:
grooves that separate adjacent gyri
22
olfactory tract
pathway of white fibers that connect olfactory bulbs to other brain structures
23
longitudinal fissure
separates cerebrum into right and left hemispheres
24
optic nerve [CN II]
sends visual info from the retina to brain
24
CN II: optic nerve
sends visual info from the retina to brain
25
dura mater
surrounds and protects brain
26
oculomotor nerve [CN III]
innervates muscles that control eye movement
26
CN III: oculomotor nerve
27
trochlear nerve [CN IV]
innervates muscles that control eye movement innervates superior oblique eye muscle, controls rolling the eye up and down & crossing eyes
10
ventricle model
receives visual input
27
CN IV: trochlear nerve
innervates superior oblique eye muscle, controls rolling the eye up and down & crossing eyes
28
trigeminal nerve [CN V]
controls face and head & motor functions: biting, chewing, swallowing
28
CN V: trigeminal nerve
controls face and head & motor functions: biting, chewing, swallowing
29
abducens nerve [CN VI]
innervates lateral rectus muscle; turns eye laterally or abducts
29
CN VI: abducens nerve
innervates lateral rectus muscle; turns eye laterally or abducts
30
cerebral peduncle
fibers that carry motor info from cerebellum to brainstem
35
choroid plexuses of all ventricles
lined by ependymal cells that produce CSF
36
pia mater
surrounds & cushions brain
37
white matter
38
gray matter
bundles of myelinated axons that transmit info bundles of neural cell bodies that process info from sensory organs and route it to interneurons
39
falx cerebri
dura mater that separates cerebral hemispheres
40
hypophysis (pituitary gland)
secretes endocrine hormones
cavernous sinus
cavity that allows blood to drain
42
superior sagittal sinus
absorption of CSF into bloodstream
43
inferior sagittal sinus
cavity that allows blood to drain
44
confluence of sinuses
point where sinuses come together; allows blood to drain
45
straight sinus
cavity that allows blood to drain
46
transverse sinus
cavity that allows blood to drain
47
sigmoid sinus
cavity that allows blood to drain
48
superior petrosal sinus
cavity that allows blood to drain
49
cerebral cortex
outer layer of gray matter responsible for thinking & language
50
lateral sulcus
divides the frontal and temporal lobes
51
central sulcus
separates the parietal & frontal lobes
52
precentral gyrus
primary motor area of cerebral cortex
53
postcentral gyrus
primary sensory area of cerebral cortex
54
superior temporal gyri
sensory processing of sounds
55
insula (insular cortex)
sensory processing of taste
56
frontal lobe
conscious motor control
57
occipital
visual processing
58
parietal
sensory processing
59
temporal
sensory processing of auditory stimuli
60
optic tract
sends visual info from eyes to opposite sides of brain
61
thalamus
sensory filter
41
dural sinuses
62
hypothalamus
homeostasis: body temp
63
infundibulum
connects pituitary gland & hypothalamus
64
tectal plate
pathway for auditory and visual reflexes
69
pyramids
descending and ascending tracts
72
interventricular foramen
connects lateral & third ventricles; contain choroid plexus & circulates CSF
73
lateral aperture
2 holes in 4th ventricle that allow CSF to flow into subarachnoid space
75
CN I: olfactory nerve
carries sense of smell info from nose to brain
77
CN VII: facial nerve
innervates muscles of facial expression
78
CN VIII: vestibulocochlear nerve
senses sound; essential for balance & movement
79
CN IX: glossopharyngeal nerve
taste & controls some muscles for swallowing
80
sensory, motor and autonomic functions of viscera (glands, digestion, heart rate)
81
CN X: vagus nerve accessory nerve (spinal accessory) [CN XI] CN XI: accessory nerve (spinal accessory)
82
hypoglossal nerve [CN XII]
controls tongue movements for speech, & swallowing
CN XII: hypoglossal nerve
controls tongue movements for speech, & swallowing
81
82
innervates neck muscles to move head innervates neck muscles to move head
83
medulla oblongata
cardiovascular & respiratory reflex centers
84
pons
pneumotaxic breathing center
85
cerebellum
proprioception & smooth movement
61 16 4
24
60 63 8
6
9 7
5
30
27
26 77
28 13
30 78
79
29
81
79
82 80 69
80
25
19
21
72
35
51
16
17
42
3
18 61
7
6
8 15
61
4
9 85
62
45
11
64
40
14
12
5 44 1
30
2 13
84 83
25
42
39 18
16
43 4
3
17 4 72
8 7
11 & 61
9
62
64
22
14
6 40
75
15
45 85 44
5
2 12 30
1 84
13 83
51
16
38
17 18 72
11 & 61
15
4
7 3
8
6
64 9
5
30
13
85 1
84 2 12 & 35
83 21
19
18
61
16
17 3
4
72 15 \\ 8 11 & 61
9
7 64
62
85 2
1
12 & 35
13 83
84
30
5
40
53
52 51
50 49
19
56 54
55
59
23 21
57
58
VENTRICLES
10
3
11 73
11 72 (bar)
35
13
12
35
SINUSES
24 40
39
41
48 47
43 14 45
46
44
42