MSO Live: 19 March 2020 | Beethoven's Seventh Symphony

CONCERT PROGRAM

Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony Performed in Melbourne on Thursday, 19 March 2020 at Iwaki Auditorium, ABC Southbank Centre.

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Melbourne Symphony Orchestra Benjamin Northey conductor BEETHOVEN Symphony No.7

[39']

A musical Acknowledgement of Country, Long Time Living Here by Deborah Cheetham AO, will be performed in Boonwurrung before this concert begins.

BEETHOVEN’S SEVENTH SYMPHONY

Melbourne Symphony Orchestra The Melbourne Symphony Orchestra is a leading cultural figure in the Australian arts landscape, bringing the best in orchestral music and passionate performance to a diverse audience across Victoria, the nation and around the world.

Each year the MSO engages with more than 5 million people through live concerts, TV, radio and online broadcasts, international tours, recordings and education programs.

The MSO is a vital presence, both onstage and in the community, in cultivating classical music in Australia. The nation’s first professional orchestra, the MSO has been the sound of the city of Melbourne since 1906.

The MSO regularly attracts great artists from around the globe including AnneSophie Mutter, Lang Lang, Renée Fleming and Thomas Hampson, while bringing Melbourne’s finest musicians to the world through tours to China, Europe and the United States.

The Melbourne Symphony Orchestra acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the Land on which we perform and would like to pay our respects to their Elders and Community both past and present.

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BEETHOVEN’S SEVENTH SYMPHONY

Benjamin Northey conductor Benjamin Northey is Chief Conductor of the Christchurch Symphony Orchestra and Principal Conductor in Residence of the MSO. Winner of the 2019 Limelight Magazine Australian Artist of the Year award, Northey appears regularly as guest conductor with all major Australian and New Zealand symphony orchestras, Opera Australia, New Zealand Opera and State Opera South Australia. His international appearances include concerts with London Philharmonic and Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestras, the National Orchestra of Colombia and the Mozarteum Orchestra Salzburg.

Northey is a strong advocate for music by Australian composers. He has a progressive and diverse approach to repertoire having collaborated with a broad range of artists including Pinchas Zukerman, Maxim Vengerov and Anne-Sofie von Otter, as well as KD Lang, Tim Minchin and James Morrison.

His awards include the 2001 Symphony Australia Young Conductor of the Year, the prestigious 2010 Melbourne Prize Outstanding Musician’s Award and multiple awards for his many recordings with ABC Music.

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LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN

(1770–1827)

Symphony No.7 in A, Op.92 Poco sostenuto – Vivace Allegretto Presto Allegro con brio Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony received its first performances in December 1813 in an atmosphere of triumph and euphoria: Napoleon’s imperial ambitions had been squashed; the composer was at the height of his popularity. The symphony had been completed in the summer of 1812, and its joyous spirit had nothing to do with liberation or military victory. But the audiences heard the music in the same enthusiastic mood in which they heard the ‘battle symphony’ that Beethoven had composed for the occasion. One critic went so far as to describe the symphony as a ‘companion piece’ to the overwhelmingly popular Wellington’s Victory.

BEETHOVEN’S SEVENTH SYMPHONY

Program Notes

Despite the competition, the Seventh Symphony made a genuine impression of its own. Louis Spohr, assistant concertmaster for the premiere, noted that the symphony was exceptionally well received and that the ‘wonderful second movement had to be repeated’. It remains one of Beethoven’s more popular symphonies, and it is almost certainly the second movement that we would call for an immediate encore if such a practice had survived in our concert halls.

The key to the symphony’s direct appeal – then and now – lies in a single musical element: rhythm. Never before had rhythm been given such a fundamental role in Beethoven’s music. It generates the symphony’s structure, its melodic and harmonic gestures, and ultimately its powerful rhetoric. But unlike the Fifth Symphony, where the opening rhythmic motif is developed, fragmented and expanded, the Seventh Symphony adopts a treatment of rhythm and pulse that emphasises obsessive repetition of distinctive patterns.

The effect of this technique is compelling, even visceral. Read any text on Beethoven’s Seventh and there will be a reference to its ‘extraordinary rhythmic energy’ (Barry Cooper), the ‘relentless drive’ and ‘obsessional use of rhythm’ (Antony Hopkins).

Rhythm and the gesture of the repeated note define the Seventh Symphony almost from the outset. After an imposing slow introduction, almost a movement in itself, Beethoven spins his first main theme from a skipping rhythm on a single note, at once relentless and static. At least, most listeners today are likely to hear it as a ‘skipping rhythm’ (imagine repeating the word ‘Amsterdam’ over and over), and so doing are complicit in Wagner’s designation of the symphony as the ‘apotheosis of the dance’.

For us, as for Wagner, the experience of Beethoven’s Seventh is a kinetic one.

But Beethoven’s listeners, Romantics all and therefore attuned to the niceties of classicism, would also have recognised the dactylic metre (long-short-short) of classical Greek poetry. Beethoven’s student Carl Czerny was among the first to detail the extensive use of poetic metres in the symphony. Czerny points out

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Other writers of Beethoven’s generation interpreted the conspicuous use of poetic metre as deliberate evocation of Greek music and poetry, and of the ancient world in general. Henri de Castil-Blaze, for example, heard in the much-loved Allegretto ‘an antique physiognomy’. A.B. Marx described the massive opening of the first movement as ‘the kind of invocation with which we are particularly familiar in epic poets’, and the finale as a ‘Bacchic ecstasy’ – this last interpretation given the seal of approval by Wagner, who also recognised an ‘orgiastic’ character in the music, and in the 20th century by Donald Tovey.

BEETHOVEN’S SEVENTH SYMPHONY

the ‘weighty spondees’ (long-long) of the introduction, the dactylic figures in the first movement, the combination of these two patterns in the Allegretto, and other poetic foundations for the musical content, concluding: ‘It isn’t improbable that Beethoven…was thinking about the forms of heroic poetry and must have deliberately turned toward the same in his musical epic.’

Beethoven himself is silent on the Seventh Symphony: we cannot know whether he was trying to evoke the ancient world through the one device that would have been familiar to his listeners. But such an aim would have been in keeping with the spirit of Romanticism, which sought the fusion of the Modern and the Antique, the simultaneous stewardship and redefinition of classicism.

Nowhere is this more strikingly conveyed than in the hypnotic second movement, ‘the menacing chorus of ancient tragedy’. Not a true slow movement but an Allegretto (at one point Beethoven had considered marking it Andante, a tempo more concerned with measuring than momentum), this movement first shows up in sketches from 1806, the first musical material conceived for the symphony. Its point of departure – and indeed its point of return – is uncertainty, with harmonically unstable chords that draw us forward from stasis to metamorphosis. The movement proper adopts the simplest of means: the throbbing tread of an austere ostinato and the piling on of instrumental weight and transforming woodwind colour for ever-increasing intensity.

The dazzling scherzo shows Beethoven at play: setting his basic rhythms against each other, inverting and varying them, and cultivating ambiguity within a relentless pulse. The Presto’s vehemence comes from repeated notes that subdivide the melody into its most basic rhythmic unit; in the trio these repeated notes join to create a sustained figure, more expansive and lyrical but equally insistent.

For his finale, Beethoven compresses the contrasts of the first movement into the opening bars: two explosive gestures unleash whirling figurations above unremitting syncopation in the bass. Once more he spins a web of interlocking rhythms, ensnaring us in what his contemporaries described as ‘absurd, untamed music’ and a ‘delirium’.

As Beethoven himself claimed: ‘Music is the wine which inspires us to new acts of generation, and I am Bacchus who presses out this glorious wine to make mankind spiritually drunk.’

On its surface, this symphony conforms to Classical structure, but underneath the Apollonian equilibrium of a four-movement symphony Beethoven creates a feeling of spontaneity, motion and Dionysian vitality. The introspective moments of the introduction, the central part of the scherzo, and the second movement only highlight the irrepressible brilliance of the symphony overall. Whether we attribute its magic to Terpsichore, the muse of the dance, or to Clio, the muse of epic poetry, Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony is an inspired invention.

Yvonne Frindle © 2004

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Xian Zhang

Principal Guest Conductor

Benjamin Northey Principal Conductor in Residence

Monica Curro

Assistant Principal Danny Gorog and Lindy Susskind#

Concertmaster

Mary Allison Isin Cakmakcioglu Tiffany Cheng Freya Franzen Cong Gu Andrew Hall Isy Wasserman Philippa West Patrick Wong Roger Young

Sophie Rowell

VIOLAS

Nicholas Bochner

Cybec Assistant Conductor

Sir Andrew Davis Conductor Laureate

Hiroyuki Iwaki

Conductor Laureate (1974–2006)

FIRST VIOLINS Dale Barltrop

Concertmaster The Ullmer Family Foundation#

Tair Khisambeev

Assistant Concertmaster

Peter Edwards

Assistant Principal

Kirsty Bremner Sarah Curro

Michael Aquilina#

Peter Fellin Deborah Goodall Lorraine Hook Anne-Marie Johnson Barbara Bell in memory of Elsa Bell#

Kirstin Kenny Eleanor Mancini Mark Mogilevski Michelle Ruffolo Kathryn Taylor

Christopher Moore Principal Di Jameson#

Rohan de Korte

Andrew Dudgeon#

Sarah Morse Maria Solà#

Angela Sargeant Maria Solà#

Michelle Wood

Michael Aquilina#

DOUBLE BASSES Damien Eckersley Benjamin Hanlon Frank Mercurio and Di Jameson#

Suzanne Lee Stephen Newton Sophie Galaise and Clarence Fraser#

FLUTES

Christopher Cartlidge

Prudence Davis

Lauren Brigden Katharine Brockman Anthony Chataway

Wendy Clarke

Associate Principal Michael Aquilina#

Dr Elizabeth E Lewis AM#

Gabrielle Halloran Maria Solà#

Trevor Jones Anne Neil#

Fiona Sargeant Maria Solà#

Principal Anonymous#

Associate Principal

Sarah Beggs

Sophia Yong-Tang#

PICCOLO Andrew Macleod

Principal John McKay and Lois McKay#

OBOES

Cindy Watkin

Jeffrey Crellin

CELLOS

Thomas Hutchinson

Principal

David Berlin

Associate Principal

Michael Aquilina#

Principal MS Newman Family#

SECOND VIOLINS

Rachael Tobin

The Rosemary Norman Foundation#

Matthew Tomkins

Principal The Gross Foundation#

Robert Macindoe Associate Principal

Associate Principal

Nicholas Bochner Assistant Principal Anonymous#

BEETHOVEN’S SEVENTH SYMPHONY

Your MSO

Ann Blackburn

COR ANGLAIS Michael Pisani Principal

Miranda Brockman

Geelong Friends of the MSO#

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David Thomas

TROMBONES

GUEST MUSICIANS

Richard Shirley

First violins Madeleine Jevons Nicholas Waters

Principal

Tim and Lyn Edward#

Philip Arkinstall

Mike Szabo

Craig Hill

TUBA

Associate Principal

BASS CLARINET Jon Craven Principal

BASSOONS Jack Schiller

Principal

Elise Millman

Associate Principal

Natasha Thomas

Dr Martin Tymms and Patricia Nilsson#

CONTRABASSOON Brock Imison

Principal

HORNS Nicolas Fleury

Principal

Saul Lewis

Principal Third The Hon Michael Watt QC and Cecilie Hall#

Principal Bass Trombone

Timothy Buzbee

Principal

TIMPANI** PERCUSSION John Arcaro

Tim and Lyn Edward#

Robert Cossom

Drs Rhyll Wade and Clem Gruen#

HARP Yinuo Mu

Principal

Second violins Michael Loftus-Hills Ioana Tache Violas Heidi von Bernewitz William Clark Ceridwen Davies Isabel Morse Cellos Elina Faskhitdinova Mee Na Lojewski Anna Porkorny Double basses Caitlin Bass Rohan Daskia Max McBride Oboes Rachael Bullen Emmanuel Cassimatis

Abbey Edlin

Clarinets Robin Henry

Trinette McClimont Rachel Shaw

Horns Ian Wildsmith*

TRUMPETS

Trombones Samuel Schlosser^

Nereda Hanlon and Michael Hanlon AM#

Owen Morris Principal

Shane Hooton

Associate Principal

BEETHOVEN’S SEVENTH SYMPHONY

CLARINETS

Tuba Nelson Woods

William Evans Rosie Turner

John and Diana Frew# # Position supported by ** Timpani Chair position supported

by Lady Potter AC CMRI

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MSO PATRON The Honourable Linda Dessau AC, Governor of Victoria

CHAIRMAN’S CIRCLE Marc Besen AC and Eva Besen AO Gandel Philanthropy The Gross Foundation Di Jameson Harold Mitchell Foundation David Li AM and Angela Li Harold Mitchell AC MS Newman Family Foundation Lady Potter AC CMRI The Cybec Foundation The Pratt Foundation The Ullmer Family Foundation Anonymous (1)

ARTIST CHAIR BENEFACTORS Cybec Assistant Conductor Chair Nicholas Bochner The Cybec Foundation Concertmaster Chair Sophie Rowell The Ullmer Family Foundation 2020 Soloist in Residence Nicola Benedetti CBE is supported by Marc Besen AC and Eva Besen AO Young Composer in Residence Jordan Moore The Cybec Foundation

PROGRAM BENEFACTORS Cybec 21st Century Australian Composers Program The Cybec Foundation East meets West Supported by the Li Family Trust Meet the Orchestra Made possible by The Ullmer Family Foundation MSO Audience Access Crown Resorts Foundation, Packer Family Foundation MSO Building Capacity Gandel Philanthropy (Director of Philanthropy) Di Jameson (External Relations Manager)

MSO Education Supported by Mrs Margaret Ross AM and Dr Ian Ross MSO International Touring Supported

by Harold Mitchell AC, The Ullmer Family Foundation, The Pratt Foundation MSO Regional Touring Creative Victoria, Freemasons Foundation Victoria, Robert Salzer Foundation, Perpetual Foundation – Alan (AGL) Shaw Endowment The Pizzicato Effect (Anonymous), The Marian and E.H. Flack Trust, Scobie and Claire Mackinnon Trust, Supported by the Hume City Council’s Community Grants Program Sidney Myer Free Concerts Supported by the Sidney Myer MSO Trust Fund and the University of Melbourne Musical Acknowledgment of Countries Supported by the Helen Macpherson Smith Trust and the Commonwealth Government through the Australian National Commission for UNESCO

Supporters

Supporters

PLATINUM PATRONS $100,000+ Marc Besen AC and Eva Besen AO John Gandel AC and Pauline Gandel AC The Gross Foundation Di Jameson David Li AM and Angela Li MS Newman Family Foundation The Pratt Foundation Lady Potter AC CMRI Ullmer Family Foundation Anonymous (1)

VIRTUOSO PATRONS $50,000+ Harold Mitchell AC

IMPRESARIO PATRONS $20,000+ Michael Aquilina Mimie MacLaren John and Lois McKay Maria Solà Anonymous (1)

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Margaret Billson and the late Ted Billson Mitchell Chipman Tim and Lyn Edward Danny Gorog and Lindy Susskind Robert & Jan Green Hilary Hall, in memory of Wilma Collie Nereda Hanlon and Michael Hanlon AM The Hogan Family Foundation Peter Hunt AM and Tania de Jong AM Suzanne Kirkham David Krasnostein AM and Pat Stragalinos Ian and Jeannie Paterson Elizabeth Proust AO Xijian Ren and Qian Li Glenn Sedgwick Gai and David Taylor Harry and Michelle Wong Anonymous (1)

PRINCIPAL PATRONS $5,000+ Christine and Mark Armour Barbara Bell, in memory of Elsa Bell Stephen and Caroline Brain Prof Ian Brighthope May and James Chen John and Lyn Coppock The Cuming Bequest Wendy Dimmick Andrew Dudgeon AM Jaan Enden Mr Bill Fleming John and Diana Frew Susan Fry and Don Fry AO Sophie Galaise and Clarence Fraser Geelong Friends of the MSO R Goldberg and Family Leon Goldman Colin Golvan AM QC and Dr Deborah Golvan Jennifer Gorog HMA Foundation Louis Hamon OAM Hans and Petra Henkell Hartmut and Ruth Hofmann Doug Hooley Jenny and Peter Hordern

Dr Alastair Jackson AM Rosemary and James Jacoby Dr Elizabeth A Lewis AM Norman Lewis, in memory of Dr Phyllis Lewis Peter Lovell Mr Douglas and Mrs Rosemary Meagher Marie Morton FRSA Anne Neil Dr Paul Nisselle AM The Rosemary Norman Foundation Ken Ong, in memory of Lin Ong Jim and Fran Pfeiffer Dr Rosemary Ayton and Dr Sam Ricketson Jeffrey Sher QC and Diana Sher OAM Helen Silver AO and Harrison Young Brian Snape AM and the late Diana Snape Tasco Petroleum The Hon. Michael Watt QC and Cecilie Hall Drs Rhyl Wade and Clem Gruen Lyn Williams AM Jason Yeap OAM – Mering Management Corporation Sophia Yong-Tang Anonymous (5)

Supporters

MAESTRO PATRONS $10,000+

ASSOCIATE PATRONS $2,500+ Marlyn and Peter Bancroft OAM Dandolo Partners Will and Dorothy Bailey Bequest Anne Bowden Bill Bowness Julia and Jim Breen Patricia Brockman Roger and Coll Buckle Jill and Christopher Buckley Lynne Burgess Oliver Carton Richard and Janet Chauvel Ann Darby, in memory of Leslie J. Darby Natasha Davies, for the Trikojus Education Fund Merrowyn Deacon Sandra Dent Peter and Leila Doyle Lisa Dwyer and Dr Ian Dickson AM Dr Helen M Ferguson Elizabeth Foster

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PLAYER PATRONS $1,000+ David and Cindy Abbey Dr Sally Adams Mary Armour Australian Decorative and Fine Arts Society Robbie Barker Adrienne Basser Janice Bate and the late Prof Weston Bate

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Mary Valentine AO The Hon. Rosemary Varty Leon and Sandra Velik Sue Walker AM Elaine Walters OAM and Gregory Walters The Rev Noel Whale Edward and Paddy White Marian and Terry Wills Cooke OAM Richard Withers Jeffrey and Shirley Zajac Anonymous (21)

Supporters

Dr Anne Kennedy Julie and Simon Kessel KCL Law Kerry Landman Diedrie Lazarus Dr Anne Lierse Dr Susan Linton Andrew Lockwood Elizabeth H Loftus Chris and Anna Long June and Simon Lubansky The Hon Ian Macphee AO and Mrs Julie Macphee Eleanor & Phillip Mancini Annette Maluish In memory of Leigh Masel Wayne McDonald and Kay Schroer Lesley McMullin Foundation Ruth Maxwell Don and Anne Meadows new U Mildura Wayne and Penny Morgan Sir Gustav Nossal AC CBE and Lady Nossal Laurence O’Keefe and Christopher James Kerryn Pratchett Peter Priest Treena Quarin Eli Raskin Raspin Family Trust Tony and Elizabeth Rayward Cathy and Peter Rogers Andrew and Judy Rogers Peter Rose and Christopher Menz Marie Rowland Liliane Rusek and Alexander Ushakoff Elisabeth and Doug Scott Martin and Susan Shirley Penny Shore John E Smith Dr Sam Smorgon AO and Mrs Minnie Smorgon Lady Southey AC Starkey Foundation Geoff and Judy Steinicke Dr Peter Strickland Pamela Swansson Stephanie Tanuwidjaja Tara, Tessa, Melinda and Terence Ann and Larry Turner

MSO PATRON COMMISSIONS Snare Drum Award test piece 2019 Commissioned by Tim and Lyn Edward

CONDUCTOR’S CIRCLE Current Conductor’s Circle Members Jenny Anderson David Angelovich G C Bawden and L de Kievit Lesley Bawden Joyce Bown Mrs Jenny Brukner and the late Mr John Brukner Ken Bullen Peter A Caldwell Luci and Ron Chambers Beryl Dean Sandra Dent Lyn Edward Alan Egan JP Gunta Eglite Mr Derek Grantham Marguerite Garnon-Williams Drs Clem Gruen and Rhyl Wade Louis Hamon OAM Carol Hay Graham Hogarth Rod Home Tony Howe Laurence O’Keefe and Christopher James Audrey M Jenkins John Jones George and Grace Kass Mrs Sylvia Lavelle Pauline and David Lawton Cameron Mowat

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The MSO gratefully acknowledges the support of the following Estates: Angela Beagley Neilma Gantner The Hon Dr Alan Goldberg AO QC Gwen Hunt Audrey Jenkins Joan Jones Pauline Marie Johnston C P Kemp Peter Forbes MacLaren Joan Winsome Maslen Lorraine Maxine Meldrum Prof Andrew McCredie Miss Sheila Scotter AM MBE Marion A I H M Spence Molly Stephens Jennifer May Teague Albert Henry Ullin Jean Tweedie Herta and Fred B Vogel Dorothy Wood

Supporters

David Orr Matthew O’Sullivan Rosia Pasteur Elizabeth Proust AO Penny Rawlins Joan P Robinson Neil Roussac Anne Roussac-Hoyne Suzette Sherazee Michael Ryan and Wendy Mead Anne Kieni-Serpell and Andrew Serpell Jennifer Shepherd Profs. Gabriela and George Stephenson Pamela Swansson Lillian Tarry Dr Cherilyn Tillman Mr and Mrs R P Trebilcock Michael Ullmer AO The Hon. Rosemary Varty Mr Tam Vu Marian and Terry Wills Cooke OAM Mark Young Anonymous (29)

TRUSTS AND FOUNDATIONS

Gall Family Foundation, The Archie & Hilda Graham Foundation, The Gross Foundation, Ern Hartley Foundation, The A.L. Lane Foundation, Scobie & Clare McKinnon Foundation, Sidney Myer MSO Trust Fund, MS Newman Family Foundation, The Thomas O’Toole Foundation, The Ray & Joyce Uebergang Foundation, The Ullmer Family Foundation

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MSO BOARD

Life Members Marc Besen AC and Eva Besen AO John Gandel AC and Pauline Gandel AC Sir Elton John CBE Harold Mitchell AC Lady Potter AC CMRI Mrs Jeanne Pratt AC Artistic Ambassador Tan Dun Artistic Ambassador Geoffrey Rush AC The MSO honours the memory of John Brockman OAM Life Member The Honourable Alan Goldberg AO QC Life Member Roger Riordan AM Life Member Ila Vanrenen Life Member

Chairman Michael Ullmer AO

Supporters

HONORARY APPOINTMENTS

Deputy Chairman David Li AM Managing Director Sophie Galaise Board Directors Andrew Dudgeon AM Danny Gorog Lorraine Hook Margaret Jackson AC Di Jameson David Krasnostein AM Hyon-Ju Newman Glenn Sedgwick Helen Silver AO Company Secretary Oliver Carton

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