Melissa nl Guerrero PORTFOLIO by dreamLA

M E L I S S A

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G U E R R E R O

2021 n. commonwealth avenue, los angeles, california 90027 | 323 719 3060 | melissanlg@gmail.com | http://dream-la.blogspot.com

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ART

B T

N T

DESIGN

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G U E R R E R O

Freelance Landscape Designer July 2009 – Present dreamLA, Los Angeles, CA Residential landscape design, landscape consultation and community design. I also provide contractual landscape architectural services to firms. |Design| Work Experience

Teaching Assistant September 2008 – December 2008 Harvard Graduate School of Design, Cambridge, MA Gave desk critques for GSD 3307, Theories and Methods of Landscape Planning. |Design|

Research Assistant January 2009 – March 2009 Harvard Graduate School of Design, Loeb Fellow, Cambridge, MA Research for exhibit on re-purposing highway space into ecological open space. |Design|

Teaching Assistant September 2009 – December 2009 University of Southern California, Architecture Department, Los Angeles, CA Provided desk critiques for LA534, Landscape Intervention: Methods and Materials for Landscape Architecture. |Design|

Wild Urban Plants of Somerville, Massachusetts mapping, Wild Urban Plants of the Northeast: A Field Guide, Peter del Tredici, Cornell University Press, 2010 “Debating the Law.” Tactical Operations in the Informal City, Editor Christian Werthmann 4th International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam, 2009 - 2010 Urban Revitalization from the Soil up project, Platform 02, Harvard Graduate School of Design, 2009 Urban Revitalization from the Soil up project, Studioworks, Harvard Graduate School of Design, 2009 Brigham Street Park project, Tank, Harvard Graduate School of Design, 2009 Cover Art, Systems for Inclusion 8 conference, 2008 “Green Building Alternatives & Moebius Online,” Harvard Graduate School of Design, Design and Technology Series 2007 “Hassell & Atlas Industries,” Harvard Graduate School of Design, Design and Technology Series 2007

Publication

Legalizing Occupation on the Contested Edge project, Tactical Operations in the Informal City, Parallell Cases Exhibit, Curator Ralf Pasel, 4th International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam, 2009 - 2010 Contributing curator, Ecological Urbanism exhibit, Harvard Graduate School of Design, 2009

2010 City of Los Angeles Community Beautification Grant of $8,900 for the Highland Park Gateway Park project 2007 Penny White Prize, Harvard Graduate School of Design, “Extensive Green Roof Performance in Semi-Arid Climates”

Award

Exhibition

Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge, MA Master of Landscape Architecture, 2009 GSD Student Forum, Class Representative LandGSD, Co-Founder SoCA (Students for Social Change and Activism), Co-Chair Systems for Inclusion 8 conference (in collaboration with Design Corps), Co-Chair Trays, Editor Columbia University, New York, NY Archaeology Bachelor of Arts, May 1998

Education

Design | Design Marketing | Non-profit Grantwriting & Membership | Urban Farming

2021 n. commonwealth avenue, los angeles, california 90027 | 323 719 3060 | melissanlg@gmail.com | http://dream-la.blogspot.com

M E L I S S A

Skills

Advanced working knowledge of Adobe Creative Suite Working knowledge of AutoCAD, Google Earth, Sketch Up, GIS, and 3Ds Max Event Planning, Community Design / Outreach, Fundraising

Urban Farm Instructor March 1999 – October 1999 Cleveland Botanical Garden, Cleveland, OH Taught organic urban farming and built a community garden from an empty lot. |Urban Farming|

Community Gardener March 2000 – April 2001 Brunswick Community Garden, Jersey City, NJ Gardened a plot at the community garden and coordinated arts programming. |Urban Farming|

Development Associate September 2002 – February 2005 Outfest Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, Los Angeles, CA Assisted with the fundraising of the $1 million annual operating budget for the largest film festival in Los Angeles, through membership coordination, major donor events, corporate sponsorship and media sponsorship. |Non-profit|

Landscape Architecture Intern June 2005 – August 2005 Troller Mayer Associates, Glendale, CA Renderings and assistance with project management. |Design|

Executive + Marketing Assistant September 2005 – August 2006 Mia Lehrer + Associates, Los Angeles, CA Assisted Partner with project and construction management. Assisted the Senior Associate with RFP/RFQ/Competition coordination, writing and graphic design. Also assisted other team members with renderings, research and interpretative signage for projects and community workshops. |Design|

Research Assistant February 2007 – May 2007 Harvard Graduate School of Design, Architecture Department, Cambridge, MA Researched and wrote two case studies on the impact of offshore outsourcing on the architectural field. |Design|

Design Intern May 2007 – August 2007 Mia Lehrer + Associates, Los Angeles, CA Developed urban design guidelines for Pico-Union, Central-American Historic District. Designed Monseñor Romero Monument. Firm Representative for the Park(ing) Day LA Steering Committee. Created renderings for other projects. |Design|

Research Assistant June 2008 – July 2008 Harvard Graduate School of Design, Landscape Architecture Department, Cambridge, MA Researched green roof design in dry climates. |Design|

Design Fellow June 2008 – September 2008 New Yorkers for Parks, New York, NY Community designer for a $5 million 2 acre waterfront park project in Brooklyn, New York. Produced a 20 page project book that has assisted the non-profit and stakeholder groups to raise $1,050,000 and strategic political backing. |Design|

ild

Redondo Beach, CA, USA, dreamLA, Private Practice

3 4 i n c h es

Huntington Lane

3 0 % of the clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s drinking water c o m e s f r o m t h e c i t y â&#x20AC;&#x2122; s g r o u n d w a t e r.

Wa t er Use B efore:

SIG

n sig

1 p.

Arsenic in groundwater

The Huntington Lane garden was designed with the client to develop a front yard that

Source: USGS

would require little maintenance, yet allow BEFORE

Impervious area

turf = little ground water recharge

Ye t

low-maintenance plants from the native coastal sage scrub community. Evergreen

simple house structure, as well as the only decorative feature of its exterior--a wooden ladder column. The grid form gives the garden a permanent structural signature, while also allowing ultimate flexibility to

x 8 - 1 6 i n c he s

The simple geometry is also an ode to the

Source: USGS

Historical and modern dunes

create a strong sense of place.

and main entry patio, to signal arrival and

water conservation enhance ground water recharge

points, along the driveway, entry walkway,

Tree canopy cover

AFTER

d r o u g h t t o l e r a n t s p e c i e s + s a n d y s o i l = m o r e g r o u n d water recharge m o r e g r o u n d w a t e r r e c h a r g e = c l e a n e r + l o c a l w a t e r sources

rai n wate r onl y

change of plants or uses.

and succulents are used to frame entry

Landscape Solutions

Source: USGS

Wa t e r U se A ft e r :

should the client opt to. The topiary plants

$ 3 0 0 / m on t h w a t e r b i l l d ur i n g s um m e r m on t hs

color, but also their ability to be molded

using temporary wooden barriers and

existing turf prevents much water from entering the ground, causing city to spend resources importing water and c l e a n i n g w a s t e w a t e r.

creates a geometric field of planting beds

native plants. The Huntington Lane garden

plants were chosen for their year-round

result is a sculptural treatment of California

personal expression through topiary. The

Budget - $5,000 for design & build

Sculptural Scrub

Concept Development

benefits: Habitat + Groundwater

Site Plan

At Maturity At Installation

Plant Palette

Before

After

Study Photomontage

At Installation

After 5 Months

Installation Photos

u oc

nD tio 7 c . tru ns e p Co has P GN

Highland Park Gateway Park Highland Park, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Avenue 50 Studio, dreamLA and LA City Community Beautification Grant Budget - $8,900 for build

dreamLA partnered with Avenue 50 Studio gallery and the community of Highland Park, Los Angeles, California to submit a sidewalk enhancement project to the LA City Community Beautification Grant. Based on meetings with community leaders, including one community design workshop, the design team learned that the top community priorities were the provision of shade and creating a trafficcalming ‘bump-out’ while not blocking the building’s historically valuable facade. The community agreed that creating a welcome threshold into their neighborhood at this intersection was the right idea at the right place. It was also agreed that this welcome threshold should be more than just a sign. The resulting Highland Park Gateway Park design creates a living welcome sign defined by an outdoor space where people can commune with nature and art. The pocket garden also provides ecological benefits, such as storm water retardation and filtration, and building cooling.

Insert Highland Park Gateway Park here...

Existing Street Trees & Shade

3 Comm

ercia

c o m m u n i t y d e sign

4 u en Av 0 e5

design options

l Corr idor

old

Lin

trolink

Ave. 50 Studio

Source: Los Angeles Times Neighborhood Mapping Project

these simple options were shown at the community workshop to star t a discussion about design possibilities. August, 1pm

shade options

What uses should be there?

Shade

The Highland Park Gateway Park

A proposal for the City of Los Angeles Community Beautification Grant Ave. 50 Studio Beautification Committee Highland Park, Los Angeles, California October 4, 2009

August, 1pm

seating options Rest Stop

What uses should be there?

The Highland Park Gateway Park

A proposal for the City of Los Angeles Community Beautification Grant Ave. 50 Studio Beautification Committee Highland Park, Los Angeles, California October 4, 2009

site analysis intersection of different speeds

street tree study

Ave. 50 Studio

Gold

Line

Ave. 50 Studio

T r a f f i c C a l m i n g - Intersecting Different Speeds

Why a GATEWAY PARK here? Avenue The 50Highland Park Gateway Park A proposal for the City of Los Angeles Community Beautification Grant Ave. 50 Studio Beautification Committee Highland Park, Los Angeles, California October 4, 2009

project should embody the community spirit

f i c C a l m i n g - Intersecting Different Speeds bump out solution slows traffic, increasing safety

0 Street Parking =

100% Traffic Calming 100% Visibility Large Park Space

arts community Why a GATEWAY PARK here?

active community pride

with bump out Park Gateway Park The Highland

A proposal for the City of Los Angeles Community Beautification Grant Ave. 50 Studio Beautification Committee 2 Street Parking = Highland Park, Los Angeles, California 0% Traffic Calming 10% Visibility October 4, 2009 Low Park Space

existing

Traffic Calming -

beautiful landscape ‘Bump Out’ or ‘Neck Down’

Why a GATEWAY PARK here?

historic art and architecture

PAGE 0

Attach conceptual images of the project to this sheet or a personally-designed sheet. Include text explanations.

PROJECT RENDERING SHEET August 21, 1pm: Highland Park Gateway Park is a boundary marker where people interacting with art and ecology is the defining characteristic.

August 21, 1pm: The design transforms the hot sidewalk space into a comfortable outdoor gallery, creating a sustainable community space that ties public life to ecology and art.

IRRIGATION PLAN

The Highland Park Gateway Park project is a sidewalk improvement project that is comprised of a raised planter bed with a seatwall on the sidewalk side and signage on the street side. The planter bed will be planted with drought tolerant, irrigation plastorm n water tolerant and seasonal inundation tolerant vegetation that will require two to three years to become established.

• Rain Water Irrigated • Supplemented with will be hand-watered twice a week for the first three months, then once a month until the plants areWatering established. The maintenance staff already Hand watersplan the other container vegetation on the Avenue 50 Studio grounds water and will be responsible for providing hand watering irrigation per the •drought-tolerate planting cons r v ethe s w ater •specifications. Filters Storm Water above The design team will work closelyewith project

• rain water irrigated • supplemented with hand wate r i n g HAND WATER IRRIGATION During this two to three year period • filters storm water or pre-establishment, the vegetation

manager in perpetuity to ensurefilters the health of the vegetation. •rocky substrate storm water

STORM WATER IRRIGATION The raised planter bed is designed to utilize storm water as a seasonal means of irrigation. Once the drought tolerant vegetation has been established, passive storm water will be the primary source of irrigation. The vegetation and substrate has been chosen for their hardiness properties to roadway pollutants. Hand-watering will be done during high drought summers per the performance of the plants.

DESIGN

• Drought-tolerant Planting Conserves Water BENEFITS · of valuable municipal water supply. •Conservation Rocky Substrate · Vegetation and soil substrate provide storm water filtration benefits. Filters Storm Water

P ign

SIG

e tD ep 5 c n 1 Co p.

Gateway Garden to Highland Park Avenue 50 Studio Beautification Committee 04 2010, Los Angeles, California Designers: Melissa Guerrero

Schematic Design

Arts Safety Fence (No Entrance)

Gateway Garden to Highland Park

Artist Painted Tiles Metal Post Fence

Highland Park, Los Angeles, CA, USA,

Mulch walkway

Avenue 50 Studio, dreamLA

Section Cut (next page)

Artist Painted Rail Planter for Community Gardening Water source

Ave. 50 Studio is working with the MTA to create an artistic community garden to support healthy living in the dense neighborhood of Highland Park.

Arts Safety Gate Entrance (Limited Entry)

The community garden will build a stronger relationship between the MTA, representing county public transit, Ave. 50 Studio, representing the arts, and the neighbors, who are mostly low-income apartment dwellers. The Gateway Garden is an opportunity for the communitybuilding and art-making that happens within Ave. 50 Studio to spill into the

Gateway Garden to Highland Park Avenue 50 Studio Beautification Committee 04 2010, Los Angeles, California Designers: Melissa Guerrero

Schematic Design

outdoors, visible to 60,000 Gold Line riders

Post Metal Fence

a day.

Artist Painted Tile

Artist Painted Rail Planter

0’

1’

2’

scale: 1/4” = 1’

4’

7’

Vegetated Buffer

Mulch Walkway

Rail Planter

Ave. 50 Studio Driveway Fence

Metro Gold Line Railway

Gateway Garden to Highland Park Avenue 50 Studio Beautification Committee 04 2010, Los Angeles, California Designers: Melissa Guerrero

Schematic Design

09.07

ing

is dra

SIG

e as

06.05.08

07.05.08

Sheepshead Bay/Plumb Beach Sheepshead Bay/Plumb Beach Civic Thirty street surveys conducted Sheepshead BayCivic Brooklyn, Problems inoneContext Association apply to New Yorkers for Association conducts the first site visit at park site and along Emmons Parks Community Design Program.York with New Yorkers for Parks Design Team. Avenue to the Holocaust Memorial Park. New York, New

belt

Brooklyn Staten Island

Fellowship

11.07

New Yorkers for Parks selects Sheepshead Bay/Plumb Beach Civic Associationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proposal.

Advisor - Pamela Governale

Community Design Process

marine park

gerritsen beach

Queens

Sheepshead Bay Brooklyn, New York, NY, USA, New Yorkers for Parks Design

Status - $1.5 million raised for $5 million

Manhattan

Brigham Street Boardwalk Park

Published - Tank

w a s taet m e n t tre

Bronx

n Fu

07.23.08 Eleven people attend the Second Community Workshop. Two conceptual designs are presented and discussed. The community unanimously prefers the t e r Boardwalk Park concept. Brigham w aStreet

wer i.n0e8 d s e c0o6m . 2bf5lo w r e ov

construction budget

way

h o u rel y mot l

c r u i s i n g b 0e8a.c1h3 . 0 8

07.15.08

sThree h e eSchool p s hworkshops e a d b are a y held thirty 4th and 5th graders, and

Twenty five people attend the first Community Workshop. The site analysis was presented and discussed. The community shared their expertise by participating in four interactive stations. 00.51

park

attending PS 52â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s summer school.

with staff,

Twenty five people attend the last community workshop where the final schematic design is presented for feedback.

4 Miles

an m a n h a tt h beac

Brigham Street Boardwalk Park is the result of a rigorous community design process that garnered input from over 100 residents. The top community

intelligent setting. The winning design embeds pockets of activity along generous pathways creating a busy beach boardwalk walking experience through an undulating landscape of dunes and marshy pockets. While lockable gates, open site lines and active park spaces provide a sense of security, intimate whimsy is retained in the performance area, rain water gully walk, and bird watching station.

STORM WATER Mitigation Proposal

experience in a relaxing, ecologically

STORM WATER Existing Conditions

priorities were to design a safe waterfront

The community expressed concern that the passive recreation character of the park could be susceptible to unsafe activities in the neighboring motel and beach areas. For this reason, the center of the park high traffic passive recreation activities that will attract a multi-generational usership. This active core, along with the high traffic of the fishing area, will ensure a safe passive recreation experience for all park

CONCEPT DESIGN Activated Boardwalk Waterfront Park

Site Safety Problems & Solutions Informal Pedestrian Crossing

Belt Parkway Entrance

6â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Fence

Sitting Area Community Identified Areas of Concern

High Traffic Passive Recreation

Undesirable Motel Activity

Interpretative Playground Signage Community Garden Chess Bioswale and Bird Watching Trail

Tables

Picnic Area

Sitting Area Low Traffic Passive Recreation

Sitting Area Viewing Mound Amphitheatre and Multi-use Performance Space

Lockable Gate

Fishing and Sunbathing Areas

community concern

high traffic activities

low traffic activities

lockable gate

Overnight Loitering

Sitting Area

Walkway

Chess/Checker Tables

Community Garden 0

Bioswale 15 Planting

w i n g M o u n d a n d M u t i - u s e Pe r f o r m a n c e S p a c e

Walkway

Water Playground

Walkway

Gateway Park

Bioswale Gully

SAFETY MEASURE Creating Clear Site Lines

Bioswale Planting 60

15 5

Brigham Street Park Parking

60 90

work together to create a dynamic, exible social space at the edge of the site with beach access and magnicent views of Jamaica Bay. Performances d surfer kites and the Marine Parkway Bridge.

ACTIVE PARK_SAFE PARK Activity Mound

A f t e PARK_SAFE r ACTIVE PARK Bird Watching Station on Walking Loop

of Bay from Renewed Bulkhead

workshops and history site analysis revealed that residents of Sheepshead Bay have long identied with bay activities, including swimming, shing, boating and enjoying views of the wate is already being used for shing, day and night, and this program remains a community priority. Fishing is part of the area’s character and having an active edge will keep that part of the Brigham Street Park offers the best views in the area of Sheepshead Bay and Jamaica Bay, making it crucial to preserve for all to enjoy.

Public Bulkhead Formalizes Existing Fishing, Lounging & Boat Watching Activities

B R I G H A M S T R E E T PA R K C o m mu n i t y D e s i g n Summer 2008 N e w Yo r k e r s f o r P a r k s + S h e e p s h e a d B a y / Plumb Beach Civic Association

A partnership between

Prepared by

Melissa Guerrero, Student ASLA

Sustainable Plants

Chelone glabra

Platanus oc c identalis

Helianthus giganteus

Panic um v irgatum

Osmund a c innamomea

Desc hampsia c espitos a

The plant palette for the park reects the existing plant communities living in Plumb Beach, as well as the plant communities that may have existed on the site when it was a fresh water creek and marsh land. The maritime shrubland and maritime grassland serve to create a visual and habitat connection between Plumb Beach and Brigham Street Park. The bioswale community makes connections to the site’s past, as well as ensuring that the site is a benet to the future of the bay’s water quality. The plants are placed in communities to take advantage of their interdependency, making them self-sustaining once established.

Prunus serotina

Amelanchier arborea

Ammophila breviligulata

Asclepias syriaca

Nuttallanthus canadensis

Community: Bioswale Plant Community B e n e f i t : F i l t e r s Po l l u t a n t s i n S t o r m Wa t e r

Pru nus marit ima

Andropogon virginicus

Ammophila breviligulat a

0 15

As cle pias t ube ros a

Oenothe ra bie nnis L.

Community: Maritime Shrubland Benefit: Protects and Enhances Gateway Shrubland Communites

Community: Maritime Grassland Benefit: Protects and Enhances Gateway Grassland Communites 27

PROBLEM ALONG WATERFRONT 2 laws in conflict N SIG

Legalizing Occupation Cantinho do Ceu, São Paulo, Brazil, Harvard Graduate School of Design Studio, Option Studio Professors - Christian Werthmann, Fernando do Mello, Byron Stigge

Published & Exhibited - Rotterdam Biennial ng Program 0

50 100

200

300

400

500

Legalizing Occupation presents an

WATERFRONT CHARACTER recreation, productive & flooding hazard

urbanized ecology buffer that mediates the conflict between two laws, one aiming to conserve Brazil’s poorest and the other to conserve São Paulo’s drinking Institutional

water resource. This design offers a

Commercial

reinterpretation of the law that decreases Farming

Farming

Grazing

relocation needs, increases open space Passive Recreation Active Recreation

and enhances future urban growth.

Playground

Bike Trail

Fishing

Legalizing Occupation filters surface waste

Boat Dock / Waterfront Patio

water flows (gray water and storm water) Wading / Swimming

through a slender, site-specific system

Passive Recreation

of pipes, swales and treatment bays that utilize existing drainage patterns. Along the edge, a promenade system is placed at the 747.5 elevation, creating a legible no-build border that is also flexible to individual and communal expression.

Fishing / Boat Dock

Boating

A LIVING BORDER a small footprint for legal, social & green infrastructure

Billings Reservoir

150

floating “beach”

200

250

water taxi station

small boating bay

100

bioremediation swale

0 meter

floating “beach”

bay treatment wetlands

floating “beach”

water taxi station bioremediation swale

Split Deck Over Bioremediation Swale

Floating Water Taxi Pier at Low Water Level

Floating Beach at Low Water Level

LIVING BORDER Green Infrastructure for Urban Runoff System Swale Guidelines 5% area of sub-watershed Swale area in design

high wa ter le ve l7 aver 47 age wate r le v el 74 3

330 sq. meters 384

540 1447

93 200

2,930 806

48 40

1,125

1,081

1,279 19

222

24 1,878

912 19 42 11 7 192

99 212

502

645

2,231

Design Systems

Urban Runoff System

Vegetation System

piped waste water

treatment wetland

street swale

street tree

emergent

Social Infrastructure edge swale

Resettlement Strategy

commercial zone

residential zone

cultural zone

flexible space

pedestrian path

bicycle path

bench

747 m elevation

resettled due to flood risk

resettled due to geotechnical risk

Floating Beach at High Water Level

SPATIAL CONCEPT Weaving Through City & Emergent Forest

Legible, Flexible Border Kit of Parts:

Sculptural Infrastructure

Residential Border

Seating

Lighting

Shade Tree

Commercial Border

Legible, Flexible Border

Living Border Promenade

Stills from Animated Walk Through of Living Border

Soil-up Planning Newark, New Jersey, USA, Harvard Graduate School of Design Studio, Option Studio Professors - Toni Griffin and Rob Lane Published - Platform 02 & Studioworks

The Port of Newark, New Jersey facilitates national and international trade flows. This landscape of logistics has created large, monolithic, polluted parcels that contribute to the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s challenges with low property values, a shrinking population, a shrinking local economy and a lack of urban amenities. The Soil-up Planning project seeks to capitalize on the volume of highly toxic sites and vacant lots to create an open space network devoted to soil remediation, livable urban development and port promotion.

Soil up Assessment of Priority Zones

Solutions per Pollutant

Phased Open Space Plan High Pollution Sites + Adjacent, Unbuilt Parcels

Inland Unbuilt Parcels Adjacent to Existing Commercial + Potential Commercial

Connective Green Streets Along Existing Public Transportation Routes

Zoning of Port Areas that Remediates Ecology, Buffers Residents and Promotes Port Economy

River

Ironbound Neighborhood

Weequahic Neighborhood Newark Bay

Newark Airport

rk P ort

Residential & Industrial Land Use Changes

Commercial Land Use Changes

Before

Proposed

Remediation Open Space: Compost Parks

Remediation Open Space: Constructed Wetland Corridor

Remediation Open Space: Mycoremediation Parks

Remediation Open Space: Flood Parks

PORTINDUSTRIAL

Performance Edge Fieldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Point, Providence, RI, USA, Harvard Graduate School of Design Studio, Core Studio, 4th Semester Professors - Wilson Martin, Holly Getch Clarke,

I-95

Sylvia Winter and Ken Smith

The Performance Edge park attempts to help alleviate poverty in Providence, RI by promoting commerce and making connections to future port and university re-development. The design is organized by a series of active bands that stitch the park into future development, while also creating unexpected adjacencies within the park. Alternating in volume, the bands carve out

UNIVERSITY

view corridors that frame the borrowed landscapes of the changing port lands and waterfront. This play with landscape and cultural memory is reinforced in the bay where gabion terraces provide shallow wading areas for people, which will diminish over a generation as salt

NAVAL

isolated S I T E

marsh grasses slowly self-restore over the gabion terraces. The creation of cultural spaces for park partners, such as a port museum managed by the neighboring port complex and a test kitchen managed by neighboring Johnson and Wales University, ensures an active and diverse population to witness changes within the parkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ecology and hinterlands.

Could Landscape Providence, RI: Architecture on an Historically Above National Poverty Isolated Site Help Mitigate Poverty? Rate

Census Percent 03-

11 31 51

0 Providence

Legend site boundary Town Boundary

Census Superblock Percent of Individual Poverty 0 - 2%

ary

block vidual Poverty

195

Po v e r t y M a p p i n g

3 - 10% 11 - 30%

of Providence, RI & Surrounding Cities

31 - 50%

Legend site boundary

51 - 68%

Town Boundary

Census Superblock Percent of Individual Poverty

10,000 Feet

5,000

10,000 Feet

0 - 2% 3 - 10% 11 - 30% 31 - 50% 51 - 68%

Bay Water Quality Mgt Dist Com

Property + Bldg. Value_$60,700

and Wales

Property + Bldg. Value_$5,216,500

Business Development

Ecological Development

Industrial Development

Job Creation

Habitat Creation

Job Creation | Regional Economy

> Property Owners

> EPA Brownfield Program

> Economic Enterprise Development Zone,

c o m b i n e d

Providence City Planning Department

> ProvPort

> Narragansett Bay Water Quality Mgmt District > Coastal Resource Management Council:

Owner_Port

of Providence aka Waterson Terminal Services

Owner_City

> Industrial Development Zone, Providence City Planning Department

> EPA Estuary Program

Conservation Zone and Restoration Zone

> US Army Corps of Engineers

of Providence

Property + Bldg. Value_$4,538,600

Owner_Johnson

and Wales

Property + Bldg. Value_$1,590,180 Owner_Johnson

and Wales

Providence Cranston Owner_Johnson

and Wales

Property + Bldg. Value_$3,130,350

Source: 2005 Parcel Data, Providence Planning Department

Owner_Johnson

Economic Enterprise Development Zone

and Wales

1,492 Feet

LEAST considered | MOST considered

Johnson and Wales Economic Enterprise Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone Johnson and Wales Economic Enterprise Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone CRMC-Restoration

$200,000 | EPA | To Clean Up Brownfield

regional analysis

Owner_Johnson Owner_Narragansett

jean-paul charboneau, melissa guerrero, rina salvi, jae yoon lee

conflicting regional agendas

Johnson and Wales Economic Enterprise Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone

$800,000 | EPA | To Improve Fish Habitat and Bay Water Quality

29.1% of Providence Individuals living in Poverty, 2000 11.3% of U.S.

ProvPort Economic Enterprise Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone CRMC-Restoration Zone

Johnson and Wales Economic Enterprise Development Zone Industrial Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone

City of Providence EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone CRMC-Urban Coastal Greenway CRMC-Conservation Zone

Johnson and Wales Economic Enterprise Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone CRMC-Restoration Zone

City of Providence Economic Enterprise Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone CRMC-Restoration Zone

Johnson and Wales Industrial Development Zone Economic Enterprise Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone

Johnson and Wales Economic Enterprise Development Zone Industrial Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone CRMC-Urban Coastal Greenway

Johnson and Wales Economic Enterprise Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone CRMC-Restoration Zone

City of Providence Economic Enterprise Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone CRMC-Urban Coastal Greenway CRMC-Conservation Zone

City of Providence Economic Enterprise Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone Industrial Development Zone CRMC-Restoration Zone

Johnson and Wales Economic Enterprise Development Zone Industrial Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone CRMC-Restoration Zone

1,492 Feet

Johnson and Wales Economic Enterprise Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone Industrial Development Zone CRMC-Restoration Zone CRMC-Urban Coastal Greenway Buffer

Johnson and Wales Industrial Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone CRMC-Urban Coastal Greenway CRMC-Conservation

ProvPort Industrial Development Zone Economic Enterprise Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone CRMC-Restoration Zone Johnson and Wales Economic Enterprise Development Zone Industrial Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone CRMC-Urban Coastal Greenway

Johnson and Wales Industrial Development Zone Economic Enterprise Development Zone EPA Brownfield Remediation Zone CRMC-Restoration Zone

Pa r t i : A c t i v e Bands A c t i v e Edge

Johnson and Wales

Port Industrial Complex

Providence City Dept. of Parks

Providence City Dept. of Arts, Culture

Save The Bay

Market Port Museum Restaurant

Wind Turbines

Sport Recreation

Meeting Rooms Native Nursery

Public Art

Nature Education

Skill Training

Research + Develop-

Boat Recreation

Playground +Picnic

Bay Taxi Rentable Workshops

Library

Sculpture Garden

Amphitheatre

B a n d s Create A c t i v ated Ad jacencies

W E D I N D U S T R I A L P A n e w a b l e R e s o u r c e s COMMUNITY

WIND ENERGY

Ke y 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

circulation

roads - give Johnson & Wales a campus pedestrian - connects to neighborhood

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

17. 18. 19. 20.

vegetation bands

21. S P

weaving bands

Pedestrian Bridge Welcome Garden Historic Docks Save the Bay Research Lab Port Museum W indmill Basketball Court Band University Entryway Stage Performance Bay Boardwalks University Restaurant Sculpture Garden Terraced Community Garden Native Plant Nursery Dot Playground Save the Bay Retail and Conference Facilities Save the Bay W indmill Pier Wetland Playground Port View Picnic Area Hilltop Picnic Area Soccer Parking

21 S

13 14

14 14

a P

15 4

16 5

3 1 18

B a n d s Create Vibrant Adjace n c i e s Perspective of Sculpture Garden, Soccer Field and Terraced Community Garden framing port infrastructure.

Section of University Entryway (a-a)

Hillock

Windmill Grove

Entryway

Windmill Grove

Basketball Courts

Windmill Grove

Hillock

High Point Offers Sweeping Views of Bay, Park, Port and City

B o a r dwalk Section: West to E a s t

Welcome Garden

Historic Docks

Native Plant Nursery

Save the Bay Research Lab

Windmill Grove

Dot Playground

Univ. WindmillEntry Basketball Court Grove

Hillock

Flexible Plaza and Floating Stage

Save the Bay

University Restaurant

Boardwalk Pier Overlook

Sculpture Garden

Bay Ecology Restoration as Performance

yr. 1

yr. 10

yr. 20

yr. 30

yr. 45

Market

Ampitheatre

Boardwalk

Stage

Tidal Performance Bay

section c . 1/8â&#x20AC;? = 1â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Design Phasing Strategy

phase 1 - yr 1

phase 2 - yr 2-3

phase 3 - yr 3-5

phase 4 - yr 10-12

bayfront walk salt marsh performance bay salt marsh breaker arsenic cap boardwalks

cultural engines: port history museum recreation library community workshop space Save the Bay added facilities Johnson and Wales University boating facilities pier playgrounds central terrace rest of boardwalks and piers western landforms partial tce capping

eastern landforms rest of tce capping native nursery second penninsula native upland maritme forest nature adventure playgrounds

Johnson and Wales University expansion connection built to Johnson and Wales and Port port expansion of renewable resource area

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 4

Town Farm Concord, MA, USA, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Core Studio, 3rd Semester Professors - Scheri Fultineer, Kaki Martin and Dorothee Imbert Group Members - Melissa Guerrero (MLA I), Adrienne Heflich (MLA I) & Sisi Sun (MLA I AP)

The goal of this core studio was to add 200 units of affordable housing and an extension criminal justice university campus for working adults into West

1830

1894

today

Concord. The site offered social and environmental challenges, as it was defined by a state prison, a large

DEVELOPMENT OF WEST CONCORD A N D P R I S O N F A C I L I T I E S

floodplain, and an anti-affordable housing

a strategic landscape infrastructure for west concord, ma

sentiment. Our team chose to play up the

14 DECEMBER 2007

agrarian landscapes of Concord, while also encouraging social mixing. The team developed the master plan together, but did design development of one are. I took on the eastern swath, where a grid of productive hedges dissolves as it moves closer to the floodplain. Near the highway, the hedges are most rigid and they work together with the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s passive solar lighting to create livable micro climates. The hedges loosen among the affordable housing. Then minimize in the non-profit farm, and finally dissolve when abutting the large wildlife corridor and floodplain.

Melissa Guerrero - Adrienne Heflich - Sisi Sun

GSD 1211 planning and design of landscapes

Water Quality + Rare Habitat

Nagog Pond [A]

Key

St re

Site Boundary Rare Habitat

Water Bodies

er Rail Commut

B ba

Wetlands

Superfund Sites

Warner’s Pond [B]

Bro hoba

Elm

Stre e

Nitrogen Source Malodorous

[A]

“Class A”: Drinkable

[B]

Nas

“Class B”:

Swimmable/Fishable

[B]

“Class B”:

Swimmable/Fishable/ “Warm Effluent”

iver AssabeBt]R [

Sudbury River [B]

Sources: MassGIS - dem3_sec, 1:25,000 Hydrography, EOT-Roads, Railroad, NHESP Rare Habitat; Water Quality - The Sudbury, Assabet and Concord Wild & Scenic River Stweardship Council

1:20,000

250

500

Meters 1,000

Land Use After

Land Use Before

Ag r ic u l t u ra l La n d s c a p e G i v e I d e nti ty & Ti e E x p er i en c e

5 minutes walk about 410 m

office park worker

Recreational Space

Office/Light Industry

Mixed-Use

Commercial

Prison

Agriculture

Site User Experience

5 minutes walk about 410 m

criminal justice student

office park worker

affordable housing resident

Mustela vison, American mink

Open Space

released prisoner

Emydoidea blandingii, Blanding's turtle

son, mink

Residential

Emydoidea blandingii, Blanding's turtle

released prisoner

prison

campus

affordable housing office park

non-profit farm

town center

train station

E c o l ogical & Water Conserv a t i o n S t r a t e g y

IV R T E AB

ASS

WARNERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S POND

NASHOBA BROOK

KEY

Conservation Area_ NO BUILD ZONE

Recreation Area

Swale System

Non-organic Farm Effluent

Effluent from Superfund + Wastewater Treatment

Connection to Species Rich Patches

Sources: Mass GIS: EOT-OTP Major Roads; 1:100,000 USGS Hydrography; Wetlands//Water Quality - The Sudbury, Assabet and Concord Wild & Scenic River Stweardship Council

E C O L O G I C A L + W AT E R C O N S E R VAT I O N S T R AT E G Y a strategic landscape infrastructure for west concord, ma

Melissa Guerrero - Adrienne Heflich - Sisi Sun

Ve getation Strategy

FAGUS SYLVATICA EUROPEAN BEECH

TSUGA CHINENSIS CHINESE HEMLOCK

hedgerow

VITIS LABRUSCA

CONCORD GRAPE

MALUS DOMESTICA APPLE TREE

agriculture

POPULUS TREMULOIDES

PINUS STROBUS ‘FASTIGIATA’

POPLAR

FASTIGIT WHITE PINE

SECALE CEREALE RYE

ORGANIC FARM

VARIETY OF CROPS

WETLAND SPECIES

bioswale

RHUS TYPHINA SUMAC

BETULA NIGRA

COMPTONIA PEREGRINA SWEET FERN

understory

ACER X FREMONTII

RIVER BIRCH

FREEMAN MAPLE

canopy

UNMOWED FESCUE

grass

MOWED TURF

ACER RUBRUM RED MAPLE

SCHIZACHYRIUM SCOPARIUM LITTLE BLUE STEM

QUERCUS RUBRA RED OAK

ELYMUS VILLOSUS WILD RYE

CORNUS FLORIDA

FLOWERING DOGWOOD

ACER SACCHARUM SUGAR MAPLE

ACER SACCHARINUM SILVER MAPLE

V E G E TAT I O N D I A G R A M a strategic landscape infrastructure for west concord, ma

Melissa Guerrero - Adrienne Heflich - Sisi Sun 14 DECEMBER 2007

GSD 1211 planning and design of landscapes

O f f i c e Park Promenade

M a in Outdoor Terrace in O f f i c e Pa r k

Sun Study Determines Building Spacing 12/31 9am

O f f ice Park Entry Road & Pa r k i n g

8 _OFFICE

PA R K M A I N T E R R A C E

a strategic landscape infrastructure for west concord, ma

Melissa Guerrero - Adrienne Heflich - Sisi Sun

14 DECEMBER 2007

GSD 1211 planning and design of landscapes

Longest Shadow - 12/31, 9:30 am

A f f o r dable Housing Commo n Ya r d

9 _HOUSING

SHARED FIELD

B i o swale Between Office Pa r k a n d A f f o r d a b l e H o u s i n g U n i t s

1:50

F-F

_BEECH HEDGE MEETS BIOSWALE + AFFORDABLE

Program Before 5

S DE

6 p.

Program

Student Services

Administration

Administration Student Residence

Outdoor Rooms

Student Residence

Faculty Services Arts Buildings

Faculty Services

Outdoor Seating

Arts Buildings

Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, Open Lawn USA, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Core Studio, 2nd Semester

Program

Vehicular Area Professors - Christian Werthmann, Holly Getch

Open Lawn

Clarke and Ginna Johnson

Outdoor Seating

Brandeis University is defined by its hilltop location and hilltop inspired architecture,

Vehicular Area

yet the dominant landscape experience is one of motion along linear paths and roads that don’t pause to appreciate the existing sweeping vistas or granite outcrops. The Arts Terrace design, Outdoor Rooms,

Before

utilizes architecture and landscape volumes to define a series of spatial voids, stopping places. Stone—existing, invented and alluded to—is a major feature of each room, physically tying the landscape identity of the campus to its hilltop location. The road cuts through a polished granite outcrop on its way from the theatre to the museum. Granite hardscape and benches define entry courts to public buildings. The admissions office road has a direct view of the central outdoor room perched above granite outcroppings and a faux-talus slope. Every prospective student who visits Brandeis, will identify it with this scene of an active commons framed by a wooded hilltop and a dynamic talus slope.

Program After

After

Site Plan student center

central room

art museum

arts room

music studios admissions

lower room art studios theatre dorms

dorms

Central Room

Hilltop

Playing Field

View from Admissions Office Road

Faux Talus Slope

Site Model

View Into Central Room

View Into Talus Slope Walk

Arts Room

Material Study

Mediated Ground Brandeis University, City, MA, USA, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Core Studio, 2nd Semester Professors - Christian Werthmann, Holly Getch Clarke and Ginna Johnson

The pedestrian pathway between Brandeis Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main library and cafeteria was not designed to support its current uses: outdoor dining, vibrant social hub and active community billboard. Mediated Ground creates a porous barrier that equalizes, yet separates the mismatched functions of the introverted library and extroverted cafeteria. Dipping the pedestrian pathway to the first floor level of both buildings, there is a physical equalization. However, separation is given spatial hierarchy depending on predominant use. Prioritizing social use of the pathway, the new greenhouse cafe generously connects to the pathway via a sliding glass entry door. The area closest to the library is kept insulated behind a sedum balcony setback, then a forest of dogwood trees, and then a row of grassy hillocks. This porous barrier is pinched where the greenhouse cafe paving bulges out beyond the architecture and pathway creating a legible space for outdoor dining and gathering. Grassy hillocks encourage informal socializing.

Fall, Winter Winds

Spring, Summer Winds

Existing Program Existing Program

Proposed Proposed Program Program

Classroom

Outdoor

Porous Buffer

Library - Quiet

Cafeteria - Active

Parti: Gradations

Cafeteria - Active

Problem: Conflicting Program

Library - Quiet

Wind Study

Concept Model: Porous Sidedness

KEY 1. outdoor cafe 2. greenhouse cafe 3. sedum balcony 4. hillocks 5. outdoor reading amphitheatre

5 6

5 library 1

cafeteria 2

3 3

3 4

Section Elevation: Between Library and Greenhouse Cafe

Library

Porous Barrier: Sedum, Dogwoods & Hillocks

Pedestrian Corridor Before

Outdoor Cafe

Greenhouse Cafe

Cafeteria

View from Library Interior

Site Model

Meadow Train Station Somerville, MA, USA, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Core Studio, 1st Semester Professors - Michael Blier, Paula Meijink, Jane Choi and Michael Van Valkenburgh

In an effort to extend Boston’s light rail system into one of the densest communities in Massachusetts, this design exercise considers re-purposing a vacant railway land into a T station. Even though the site is near the city’s civic heart—high school, library, park and city hall—it’s a challenge to populate because it’s behind the high school and is considered a trespass zone. The Meadow Train Station design cuts through the high school building to tie the site to the civic center, increasing access and sense of safety. The emergent forest is replaced with a meadow to increase sight lines, but also to contribute to the site’s sense of movement. The meadow grasses rustle at the movement of the trains, people and bicyclists slicing through the site. Storm water also moves on-site in wooden gullies along side pedestrian paths. The Meadow Train Station design re-directs storm water from adjacent parking lots and roof storm drains to a system of land depressions and gullies. The land depressions are at the center of two courtyard parks perched at the top of the hill behind a grove of trees, giving a sense of prospect and refuge.

Existing View of Vehicular and Train Movement

Concept Development Through Model Making

Problem: Neglected Site, Poor Access

Solutions:

Before

Increase Access and Connection

Treat Stormwater On-site & Reference History

Provide Urban Refuge

Storm Water Movement Before

Emergent Forest

Platform & Porous Railbed

Asphalt

Lawn

Bioretention Courtyard

Meadow Walk

Porous Asphalt Platform & Railbed

Park

Asphalt

Porous Asphalt

Lawn

After

Asphalt

Ro de binia cki ng pseu & g do ully aca ci

sp ha lt Po rou sA

un d Pla yg ro

Tur f

Sc sco hiza pa chy riu riu m m

Pru nu ss

ero

tin a

Meadow Train Station

bioretention courtyard

bioretention courtyard school drop-off

playground

overlook

train station

train platform

bike path

Section Through Playground, Overlook, Train Station and Bike Path (a-a)

Section Through Bioretention Courtyard Park, Pathways and Bike Path (b-b)

Grading Plan

Meadow Walk - Study Photomontage

Inspiration: Walking Among Tall Grasses

Site Character: Strong Sense of Community, Quirky & Artistic SI

Interactive Public Square Salem, MA, USA, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Core Studio, 1st Semester Professors - Michael Blier, Paula Meijink, Jane Choi and Michael Van Valkenburgh

The Interactive Public Square brings a quirky character to an endpoint plaza in a network of pedestrian-only corridors in downtown Salem, Massachusetts, home of famed witch persecution and pagan-tinged

Community Board On-site

tourism. The design actively highlights the quirky and independent character of Salem’s local art and tourist community by prioritizing pedestrian motion and play. Scattered clear, rubber faux-rocks create a dynamic social infrastructure that can be used as seating, lighting, outdoor room walls and thresholds. As people interact with these elements, their figures are visually distorted through the lit, clear rubber material, creating a hyper-sense of people-watching. Play and spontaneity are reinforced through the use of atypical plaza elements: highly horticultural species (Picea abies) countered by invasive species encouraged in cuts in the pavement (Rhus typhina) and faux-rocks, a “typical” park bench that closes in on itself, and graphic, colorful paving.

Salem Halloween Festival

Salem Store Window

Concept Model

Final Model Informal Amphitheatre

Concept Development Model

informal amphitheatre

Precedent: Burlington, Vermont

View from Street

Ruderal Landscapes in Somerville, Massachusetts, 2008 CH

E ES

GIS Methodology for Ruderal Landscape Identification Somerville, MA, USA, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Research Seminar Professors - Peter del Tredici Group Members - Melissa Guerrero and Cynthia Silvey Advisors - Ellen Schneider, City of Somerville Landscape Architect Published - Wild Urban Plants of Somerville, Massachusetts mapping, Wild Urban Plants of the Northeast: A Field Guide, Peter del Tredici, Cornell University Press, 2010

Interested in the spatial character of ruderal landscapes and their ecology, our group conducted a two-part study. The first part was a review of ruderal vegetation literature. We found many benefits, including the provision of wild spaces in an urban context and plant biodiversity.

Maps Produced by Each GIS Model (aka Spatial Definition) for Ruderal Landscapes

Secondly, we tested a GIS methodology to identify ruderal landscapes in the

MALDEN

MEDFORD

ARLINGTON

Northeastern USA per Peter del Tredici’s

MEDFORD

ARLINGTON

EVERETT

definitions. We used Somerville,

MALDEN

MEDFORD

EVERETT

SOMERVILLE

EVERETT

SOMERVILLE

Massachusetts as our test site. The final CAMBRIDGE

step of our process was to confirm the accuracy of the maps with an expert, in this case the city landscape architect. Per her edits, we scaled back our search requirements. The final map reveals that a sizable area of Somerville’s land is ruderal.

CAMBRIDGE

BOSTON

WATERTOWN

WATERTOWN 0

slopes < 15%

0.25

0.5

1.5

CAMBRIDGE

BOSTON

Miles 2

WATERTOWN 0

vacant lands

GIS Model for Slopes < 15%

BOSTON

0.125 0.25

0.5

0.75

Miles 1

BOSTON

WATERTOWN 0

0.125 0.25

industrial lands

0.5

0.75

Miles 1

water bodies

0.2

0.4

0.8

1.2

Miles 1.6

Green Streets p.

MFC

H RC

Site Plan

Street Lamp

Waste to Green Streets

Porous Paving

Cantinho do Ceu, São Paulo, Brazil,

Computer Center

Harvard Graduate School of Design, Research Seminar

Wetland Aquaculture

Professors - Christian Werthmann and Jonathan Brett Tate

Waste Water Flow

The Waste to Green Streets landscape

Sidewalk - 4.5’ Porous Pavers

proposal is an affordable, easy to build

1’

2’

3’

4’

OpenVegetated Strip 1’

One-Way Road - 9’ Porous Pavers

5’

10’

OpenVegetated Strip 1’

Sidewalk - 4.5’ Porous Pavers

Banana Street Tree

solution to open sewage and poverty in the slum settlement Cantinho do Ceu. In addition to filtering sewage flowing into São Paulo’s adjacent drinking water reservoir, the design provides cost-saving food production of fish and banana, energy production, idea production, street shade and open space beauty to the stigmatized, low-income residents. 0

The infrastructure design requires residents to install a source-separation toilet and to

Sub-Watersheds

connect their waste streams to sewage street trenches. Yellow waste is directed to a street trench, where bananas thrive in the

+ HP +++ HP

nitrogen rich yellow water. The brown waste is piped to a MFC unit that converts waste into enough electricity to power LED public lamp posts and a community computer

+ +HP + +HP

center. At the end of the gravity-fed trench system, remaining nutrients are either used

+ HP

for fish food in communal aquaculture ponds or are filtered through existing wetlands.

+ HP

Tp AR

SFI 8 Conference Poster Cambridge, MA, USA, Harvard Graduate School of Design Student Groups - SoCA Co-designers - Melissa Guerrero and Yaw Dk Osseo-Asare

As co-chair of the Systems for Inclusion 8 organizing committee, I worked with a broad-base coalition to spotlight the relationship between power, design and politics. This poster, which I co-designed, was used as the main promotional piece and main artwork for the conference. The hyper landscape illustrates the physical manifestation of social, economic and political systems.

Tp AR

School Lecture Poster Cambr dge MA USA

Ha va d G adua e

Schoo o Des gn S uden G oups LandGSD g een des gn and SoCA

As co cha o LandGSD

coo d na ed a

s uden g oup a ance o nv e he pa ne s o G eenmeme o ec u e o he GSD commun y Th s pos e s pa o a se es o p omo ona pos e s des gned Each des gn was p n ed on d sca ded p o s o mbue each pos e w h he c ea ve eco og ca e h c o G eenmeme

designing awareness:

mechinic components (by which I mean 'living' mechinFelix Guattari bifurcate into stratefied the words, expressions, and gestures of human solidar- siderable time to THE THREE ECOLOGIES ity. A cloak of silence recognize that the economic-ecological vectors of circu-and death-laden reiterations; or it may open, as process, isms, not mechanisms may not be of empty repetition). TRANSLATED BY CHRIS TURNER, MATERIAL WORD into praxes that has been forcibly imposed on emancipatory struggle: lation, distribution, catastrophic; whatever the case, it tends today to be There is an ecology of bad ideas, just as there the struggles of women, communication, and supervision operate on precisely theenable it to be rendered 'inhabitable' by human projects. Having said all this, it is of course true that the opposisimply accepted without tions between the two is an ecology of weeds. It is this praxic question. Structuralism, and subsequently postmodern- or of the unemployed, the 'marginalized', and immigrants same level, from the (Gregory Bateson, in Steps to an Ecology of Mind) - the new point of view of the creation of surplus-value, as labour openness that constitutes the essence of the art of themodalities of group formation are not always so clearism, have accustomed cut:'a crowd may be The human subject is not a straightforward matter; Des- us to a vision of the world in which human interventionsproletarians. 'eco';2 it subsumes all which is directly cartes was wrong to Why, then, is it so important, in mapping out reference embodied in the production of material goods. And that existing ways of domesticating existential territories - inhabited by groups of opinion-leaders, while subject- concrete politics groups may take forms suggest it was sufficient merely to think in order to be. and micropolitics - are no longer relevant. The withering points for the three intimate modes of delay will be due in On the one hand, there ecologies, to abandon pseudo-scientific paradigms? Theno small part to those theorists whose dogmatic igno- being, the body, the environment, the great contextual that are amorphous and alienating. Capitalist societies away of social praxis amongst which I are all kinds of ways of existing that lie outside the ensembles of ethnic rance has stoked the is explained in terms of the death of ideologies, or of reason is not simply realm of consciousness; the complexity of the entities under consideration; moreworkerism and corporatism of recent decades, and thus groups, the nation, or even the general rights of human- include not only the western nations and Japan, but also some supposed return to countries under socalled and, on the other, a thinking which struggles only to gainuniversal values. Yet those explanations seem to me ity. fundamentally, the profoundly disfigured a hold on itself three ecologies are governed by a different logic from and handicapped emergent anti-capitalist movements of Having said this, let me make clear that what is impor- actually existing socialism as well as the new industrial highly unsatisfactory. The nations of the merely spins ever more crazily. Like a whirling top, it tant is not to lay down liberation. decisive factor, it seems to me, is the general inflexibil- that of ordinary Third World - produce and deploy both types of subjecgains no proper purchase communication between speakers and listeners. Their The hope for the future is that the development of the universal laws as a guide to ecological praxes but, on ity of social and tivity: the serial on the real territories of existence, as they slide and the contrary, to highlight three types of psychological praxes - their failure to adapt - as well as logic is not that which drift like the tectonic makes possible the intelligibility of discursive sets, the ecological praxis outlined here will lead to a redefinition the basic antinomies that exist between the ecological THE THREE ECOLOGIES 14 a widespread subjectivity that is the province of the wage-earning plates that underpin the continents. We should perhaps incapacity to perceive the erroneousness of partitioningindefinite interlocking levels, or, if you like, and refocusing of the not speak of subjects, between the three visions or lenses under discussion classes and the immense THE THREE ECOLOGIES 135 goals of emancipatory struggles. And, in a context in off the real into a mass of the 'insecure', and the elitist subjectivity of but rather of components of subjectification, each of here. Specific to mental of fields of signification; it is a logic of intensities, the which the relation number of separate fields. It is quite simply wrong to which works more or less logic of self-referential between capital and human activity is repeatedly rene- ecology is the principle that its approach to existential ruling social strata. The regard action on the accelerating mass mediatization of global societies on its own account. Necessarily, this would lead us to psyche, the socius, and the environment as separate. territories derives from existential assemblages, engaging non-reversible dura- gotiated, let us hope that re-examine the relation a pre-objectal and pre-personal logic: a logic evocative tends at the same time to tion; it is the logic, not of ecological, feminist and anti-racist activity will focus Indeed, if we create an increasingly pronounced distinction between between the individual and subjectivity, and, above all, tocontinue - as the media would have us do - to refuse of what Freud described the totalized bodies of human subjects, but of part more centrally on new these two categories of distinguish clearly objects in the modes of production of subjectivity: that is to say, on 140 NEW FORMATIONS squarely to confront the the population. The provision for the world's elites of between the two concepts. The individual would appear simultaneous degradation of these three areas, we will psychoanalytical sense - Winnicott's transitional objects,modes of knowledge, as a 'primary process'. This might be described as a adequate material goods in his/her actual institutional objects culture, sensibility, and sociability - the future founda- logic of the 'included in effect be acquiescing position, as a 'terminal' for processes involving human in a general infantilization of opinion, a destruction and ('subject groups'), faces, landscapes. Whilst the logic of tions of new productive middle', in which black and white are indistinct, in which and access to culture (though levels of reading and writing are minimal) groups, socio-economic discursive sets seeks to assemblages - whose source lies in incorporeal systemsthe beautiful neutralization of ensembles, data-processing machines: a terminal throughdemocracy. We need to 'kick the habit' of sedative coexists with the ugly, the inside with the outside, the affords them a sense of competence and legitimate delimit its objects, the logic of intensities - or eco-logic of value. decision-making power; the which, of course, not - concerns itself solely Social ecology should never lose sight of the fact that 'good' object with the consumption, of television all the vectors of subjectification necessarily pass. Inte- discourse in particular; we need to apprehend the world with the movement and intensity of evolutive processes.capitalist power has bad. In the particular case of the ecology of the phan- subject classes, by contrast, are imbued with a sense of resignation, riority would appear as a Process, which I here become de-localized, deterritorialized, both in extension tasm, each attempt to through the quality produced at the meeting-point of multiple compo-interchangeable lenses of the three ecologies. locate the phantasm cartographically requires the elabo- hopelessness, and absence of meaning. counterpose to system and structure, seeks to grasp - by extending its Any social ecological programme will have to aim therenents which are grasp over the whole social, economic, and cultural life ration of a singular or, For there are limits - as Chernobyl and AIDS have sav- existence in the very act of relatively mutually autonomous - in certain cases, openly agely demonstrated more precisely, a singularized expressive framework. As fore to shift capitalist its constitution, definition, and deterritorialization; it is a of the planet - and in societies out of the era of the mass media and into a discordant. process of 'setting 'intension' - by infiltrating the most unconscious levels ofGregory Bateson has to the technico-scientific power of humanity. Nature post-media age in which It is of course still difficult for such arguments to find kicks back. If we are to clearly stated, what he calls the 'ecology of ideas' into being', instituted by sub-sets of expressive subjectivity. In the media will be reappropriated by a multitude of acceptance, working towards the reconstruction of human relations cannot be circumscribed orient the sciences and technology toward more human ensembles which break with particularly in contexts where there remains a lingering goals, we clearly need within the field of individual psychology; it is organized subject-groups. This vision their totalizing frame and set to work on their own at all levels of the of a mass media culture redirected towards the goal of suspicion, if not socius, social ecology cannot simply take up a position in systems or 'minds', collective management and control - not blind reliance onaccount, gradually resingularization may indeed a prior rejection, of any specific reference to the boundaries of which transcend the boundaries of superseding the referential totality from which they of external technocrats in well seem far beyond our scope today; yet we should subjectivity. Subjectivity opposition - as do, for example, existing trade union andthe individual.3 I part the state apparatuses, in the hope that they will control emerge, and manifesting still gets a bad press; it continues even today to be company with Bateson, however, at the point where he recognize that the current themselves finally as their own existential index, proces-political practices. It developments and situation of maximal media-induced alienation is in no criticized in the name of the has become imperative to confront the effects of capi- defines action and minimize risks in fields largely dominated by the pursuit sual lines of flight. . . . sense an intrinsic primacy of infrastructures, structures, or systems. Gener-of profit. It would of enunciation as mere segments of the ecological subEcological praxes might, in this light, be defined as a talist power on the mental necessity. Media fatalism seems to me to imply a misunally speaking, those ecology of daily life, whether individual, domestic, conju-system known as context. I course be absurd to formulate this in terms of a desire search to dertanding of several who do take it upon themselves to deal either practimyself see existential 'context creation' as, invariably, identify in each partial locus of existence the potential gal, neighbourly, to retrieve past forms of factors:8 cally or theoretically with creative, or personal-ethical. The task facing us in future the product of a praxis human existence. In the wake of the data-processing andvectors of subjectification subjectivity use the kid glove approach to the subject; robotics revolutions, which arises out of the fracturing of a systematic 'pre- (1) the potential for sudden upsurges of mass awareand singularization. What is generally sought is some is not that of seeking ness; they take endless a mind-numbing and infantilizing consensus, but of culti- text'. There is no overall the rise of genetic engineering, and the globalization of quality that runs counter precautions, making absolutely sure they never stray toomarkets, neither hierarchy of enunciative ensembles and their sub-sets, (2) the possibilities for new transformative assemblages to the 'normal' order of things: a discordant repetition, vating dissensus and of social struggles far from the pseudoscientific whose components can information of the singular production of existence. Capitalistic subjechuman work nor the natural habitat can return, even to possibilities that arise out of the progressive collapse paradigms they borrow for preference from the hard be located and localized at particular levels. Those particular intensity which summons up other intensities tivity, no matter in their state of being of of Stalinism in its sciences - from ensembles are made up of to form new 138 NEW FORMA TIONS a few decades ago. As Paul Virilio has pointed out, the thermodynamics, topology, information and systems existential configurations. What I term dissident vectors what dimension or by what means it is engendered, is heterogeneous elements which acquire consistency and various incarnations; increased speed of (3) the. potential use of mass media technology for theory, linguistics. It is persistence only as they of subjectification manufactured to protect 34 NEW FORMATIONS as if there were a scientistic super-ego which existence against any event intrusive enough to disturb cross the thresholds that bound and define one world non-capitalist ends, as transport and communications, and the interdependence divest themselves to an extent of their functions of a result of declining costs and continuing technological demanded that psychical entities against another. They denotation and and disrupt opinion. of urban centres are, advancement be reified, understood only in terms of their extrinsic equally, irreversible. The proper way to deal with what signification; they have no material or bodily existence. Singularity is either evaded, or entrapped within special-are produced in the crystallization of fragments of (miniaturization in particular); co-ordinates. a-signifying discursive As experiments in the ist apparatuses and we have to acknowledge Unsurprisingly, then, the human and social sciences haveas a de facto situation is to reorient it - which implies a suspension of meaning, they are certainly risky; there is frames of reference. The goal of capitalism is to managechains - Schlegel's 'little works of art' ('Like a little work (4) the increased production, both on the individual and collective level, of condemned of art, a fragment the risk of an overly the worlds of redefinition in terms of themselves to overlooking the intrinsically developmen- contemporary conditions of the objectives and methodsviolent deterritorialization, of the destruction of existing childhood, love, and art: to control the last vestige of has to be totally detached from the surrounding world a 'creationist' subjectivity: a subjectivity that arises out of the reconstruction tal, creative, at d selfpositioning and closed upon itself assemblages of anxiety, madness, pain, of each and every form of of labour processes - the introduction of continuous dimensions of processes of subjectification. like a hedgehog'.4) movement of the social. This, precisely, was the prob- subjectification (viz. the implosion of the Italian social and death, or the sense of being lost in the cosmos. THE THREE ECOLOGIES 131 Mental ecology has the capacity to emerge at any given training, skill transfer, movement in the early From the most lematic symbolically the search for non-traditional sources of labour, etc. - as new formations NUMBER 8 SUMMER 1989 formulated in a television experiment once performed by1980s). More gradual forms of deterritorialization may, onpersonal - one might almost say infra-personal - existen- moment, beyond the early twentiethcentury In this context, there is an urgent need for us to free boundaries of fully formed ensembles or within the the other hand, tial data, integrated the television systems of industrial production fall into obsolescence. ourselves of scientistic world capitalism forms massive subjective aggregates, bounds of individual or presenter Alain Bombard. The experiment involved two produce a more constructive, processual evolution of references and metaphors: to forge new paradigms collective order. Freud invented the rituals of the analyti-In early industrial society, it was the subjectivity of the subjective assemblages. which it hooks up to glass bowls, one filled labouring classes which are instead ethicoaesthetic notions of race, nation, profession, sporting competition,cal session - free with polluted water from the port of Marseilles or some-At the heart of all ecological praxes is an a-signifying in inspiration. The best cartographies of the psyche - or, where similar, in which association, interpretation - as a means of apprehendingthat was smothered and serialized. Under today's interrupture, in a context in dominating virility, national division of if you will, mass media stardom. Capitalism seeks to gain power bythe fragments that act a clearly very healthy octopus was swimming around - which the catalysts of existential change are present, labour, it is the Third World that is exposed to the best psychoanalyses - are after all surely to be foundvirtually dancing - and as catalysts in existential disjunction in terms of the but lack expressive controlling and production-line methods. With in the work of support from the enunciative assemblage which frames neutralizing the maximum possible number of subjectiv- reference myths of the other filled with pure, unpolluted water. Bombard Goethe, Proust, Joyce, Artaud, and Beckett, rather than caught the octopus and psychoanalysis. Today certain post-systemist tendencies the data-processing revolution, the rise of biothem. In the absence of ity's existential technologies, accelerated Freud, Jung, or ecological praxis, those catalysts remain inactive and refrains; capitalistic subjectivity is intoxicated with and in family therapy have transferred it to the 'normal' water; within a few secLacan; conversely, the best aspect of these latters' set about creating a different milieu and a different set creation, new materials and an ever more intricate 'matend towards inconsistency; anaesthetized by a onds, it curled up, sank to chinisation' of time, new psychoanalytical works is of references within they produce anxiety, guilt, other forms of psychopatho- collective sense of pseudo-eternity. the bottom, and died. surely their literary dimension - take Freud's Traumdeu- More than ever today, nature has become inseparable logical The new ecological praxes will have, then, to articulate which to understand those fragments. This is all well andmodalities of subjectivization are emerging; on the one hand, they demand tung, for example, good; yet these repetition. But when expressive rupture takes place, themselves across from culture; and if higher levels of intelligence and initiative, whilst on the which can be read as an exceptional modern novel. the whole range of these interconnected and heteroge- rudimentary conceptual structures are incapable of we are to understand the interactions between ecosys- repetition becomes a other, they imply the My problematization of psychoanalysis is based upon accounting for the process of creative assemblage, forging new incorporealneous fronts. Their tems, the mechanosphere, notions of aesthetic objective should be to activate isolated and repressed productions of 'primary' subjectivity, as these unfold on increased control and monitoring of the domestic life of and the social and individual universes of reference, we objects, abstract couples and nuclear creation and ethical implications; yet it does not imply a have to learn to think a positively industrial machines, and universes of value. At this point, the singularities: singularities families. We face a future, in short, in which working'rehabilitation' of that have been left simply spinning on their axes. (The scale at the instigation, particularly, of the media and 'transversally'. As the waters of Venice are invaded by existential event which class subjectivity will be phenomenological analysis. Phenomenology, I believe, is monstrous, mutant public institutions. What gives rise to these new assemblages becomes invisible;principles of the handicapped by a is shared by all existing bodies of theory is the unfortu- maximally bourgeoisified through a massive Freinet schools are one example of a practice which algae, so our television screens are peopled and satu- they confront us as re-territorialization of the family systematic 'reductionism', which leads it to view its nate characteristic of having been 'always already' in existence. aims to produce rated by 'degenerate' objects in the narrow closure against potential creative proliferation. As myths,in the media and the welfare system. A poetic text is one example of just such a catalytic singularity out of a general functioning, through coimages and utterances. In the realm of social ecology, The effects of re-individuation and familialization will not terms of pure intentional transparency. I myself have or as theories with segment of operative management, Donald Trump and his come to regard the scientific pretensions, models of mental ecology should of course be assessment meetings, a regular newspaper, student ilk - another form of algae - are permitted to proliferate existence - one which at the same time remains the uniform; they will differ according to whether they are apprehension of a psychical fact as inseparable from theunchecked. In the be assessed in terms, bearer of denotation and freedom to organize enunciative name of renovation, Trump takes over whole districts of signification. Poetry is ambiguous: while it may transmit individually or in groups, etc.) We shall have similarly to first, of their capacity to identify discursive links at the deployed on the terrain of a collective subjectivity devastated by the industrial assemblage that brings it into being, both as fact and asNew York or Atlantic point of their breaking a message or denote a consider symptoms expressive process. with meaning, and, second, of the extent to which the era of the nineteenth City, raises rents, and squeezes out tens of thousands referent, it functions at the same time precisely through and indices lying outside the norm as indices of a and early twentieth centuries, or in areas which retain There is a sort of relation of uncertainty between the concepts they deploy redundancies of potential work of of poor families. Those apprehension of the subjectification. It seems essential to me that we orga- permit theoretical and practical self-construction. Freud- the archaic inheritance who Trump condemns to homelessness are the social expression and content. Proust's work, for example, of pre-capitalist ages. The examples of Japan and Italy object and the apprehension of the subject; thus, if we equivalent of the dead fish ianism meets the first analyses with extraordinary nize new micro-political wish to articulate the of these conditions reasonably well, but not the second;are significant here; for skill the ways in which particular existential refrains and micro-social practices, new solidarities, a new of environmental ecology. both countries have successfully grafted 'high-tech' two, we are forced to make a pseudo-narrative detour Further disasters of social ecology include the brutal post-systemism, on (Vinteuil's 'little gentleness, while at the through the reference phrase', the church towers of Martinville, the taste of thesame time applying new aesthetic and analytical prac- the other hand, seems more likely to meet the second industries on to a collective deterritorialization 144 NEW FORMATIONS systems of myth and ritual, or through self-professedly of the Third World, which simultaneously affects the condition, but madeleine) work as tices to the formations of scientific analysis - all catalysts in the crucible of subjectification. What we the unconscious. If social and political practices are to underestimates the importance of the first. In the wider subjectivity that maintains links with an often far distant cultural texture of past (with Shintoof which have as their ultimate goal the concealment of populations, and devastates both climate and human social and political should emphasize, be set back on their the dis-positional however, is that the work of locating the points of emer-feet, we need to work for humanity, rather than simply field, meanwhile, the 'alternative' milieu remains blissfullyBuddhism in the case of Japan, and with patriarchalism immune defences. Or in the case of Italy). In arrangement through which discourse is brought into ignorant of the gence of these for a permanent reequilibration child labour - now growing far beyond its nineteenthboth countries, the transition to post-industrialism has existence and from recurrent existential refrains is not the sole concern of of the capitalist semiotic universe. The objection might whole range of problematics that pertain to mental century proportions! We been less brutal than in which it derives, 'secondarily' so to speak, its intelligibil-find ourselves repeatedly on the brink of situations of the arts and literature. ecology. be, of France, for example, where whole regions have lain ity. Eco-logic is equally at work in everyday life, in social lifecourse, that large-scale struggles are not necessarily in If mental ecology is to have an impact, either on indicatastrophic selfdestruction. economically fallow for I am not seeking here to revive the Pascalian distinction How then do we regain control? International agencies at all its levels; it vidual or collective life, synchrony with between esprit de 136 NEW FORMATIONS ecological praxes and the micro-politics of desire. But however, it will not be necessary to import concepts or long periods before converting to post-industrialism. have only Some Third World countries represent similar instances geometrie and esprit de finesse; for I understand these the weakest of purchase on phenomena which call practices from the comes into play at every point where the constitution ofthis is precisely the of the superimposition as two modes of specialist field of psychoanalysis. Mental ecology an existential territory point. Not only is it necessary not to homogenize the instead for absolutely of a post-industrial on to a medieval subjectivity, with apprehension - the one via the concept, the other via demands rather that we face various levels of fundamental rethinking. There was a time when interna- is in question. Let us add that these territories may its demands, the affect or up to the logic of the ambivalence of desire already have been practice - not to join them under the aegis of some tional solidarity was a for example, for submission to clan authority, or, in percept - which are in fact absolutely complementary. (I'ambivalence desirante) wherever it major concern of trade unions and left parties; today, it massively deterritorialized; they may encompass celes- transcendent instance; we some cases, for the What I am suggesting THE THREE ECOLOGIES tial Jerusalem, the have also to engage them in processes of heterogenis the sole province of is that what I have called this pseudo-narrative detour is found (in culture, everyday life, work, sport, etc.); that absolute alienation of women and children. For the time problematic of good and evil itself, or any ethicoesis. There will never be a humanitarian associations. Marx's writings remain of being, these new also deploys political commitment. Their point at which feminists will be able to be said to have we re-evaluate the enormous value; but mechanisms of repetition - infinitely varying rhythms andMarxist discourse has gone into qualitative decline. The only common feature is their capacity to sustain the ultimate goal of work and human activities in terms of industrial powers are localized primarily on the fringes of committed sufficient the South China Sea; refrains - which are criteria other than those production of singular energy to feminine becomings; nor should the immigrant task facing the in future, the same formation may emerge around the nothing more or less than the buttresses of existence, protagonists of social liberation is to re-forge theoreticalexistents, or to re-singularize serialized ensembles. of profit and productivity; that we acknowledge the population be called shores of the since they allow need to mobilize It is of course true that existential cartographies which upon to renounce the cultural features of its being, or its references which light discourse, or any link in the discursive chain, to become a way out of the current, unprecedently nightmarish individuals and social segments in ways that are always Mediterranean and the Atlantic coast of Africa. If it assume certain membership of a does, the tensions the bearer of a nondiscursivity diverse and different. existentializing ruptures of meaning have always sought particular nationality. Our objective should be to nurture historical period. We live which, stroboscope-like, cancels out the play of distinc- in a time when it is not only animal species that are It raises the question of the place we give to phantasmsproduced across vast areas of Europe will be immense, refuge in art and individual cultures, since this new form of tive of aggression, murder, religion. But the subjective void produced today by the while at the same time inventing new contracts of citidisappearing; so too are oppositions at the level of both content and form of rape, and racism in the world of childhood and regres- industrial power poses a radical threat, both to the finanaccelerating zenship: to create an order cial base of European expression. What is more, production of material and immaterial goods is both of the state in which singularity, exceptions, and rarity sive adulthood; the those mechanisms are the very condition of emergence question of whether and how to promote a true ecologycountries, and to their status as Great White Powers. unprecedentedly absurd coexist under the least Where then are the inersections between the various and re-emergence of of the phantasm - one and increasingly irremediable; it threatens both individualoppressive possible conditions. the unique events - incorporeal universes of reference that works through transference, translation, the rede- ecological problematics and group The aim of Hegelian and Marxist dialectics was the outlined above? Left to themselves, upsurges of social which punctuate the ployment of the existential territories. Not only has the growth of 'resolution' of opposites. unfolding of individual and collective historicity. techno-scientific resources This is no longer the objective of eco-logic. Certainly, in materials of expression - rather than endlessly invoking and mental neoarchaisms may produce the best of all possible worlds - or the There was once a time when Greek theatre - or courtly great moral principles failed absolutely to produce social and cultural progress;the field of social worst! The love, or the courtly it seems equally clear ecology in particular, there will be times of struggle in to mobilize mechanisms of censure and contention. distinctions are enormously difficult to draw: we should romance - were the standard models of, or modules for, Clearly, certain kinds of that we are seeing an irreversible degradation of the which all men and subjectivity. Today it traditional forces of social women feel a need to set common objectives and act repression, if they prevent the 'acting out' of particular remember for example that the fascism of the ayatollahs was introduced only is Freudianism whose ghostly presence is visible in the fantasies, are regulation. The response to the more modernist 'capital- 'like little soldiers' - by forms in which we ist' formations is, in which I mean good activists. But there will also be peri- legitimate. But even negativistic and destructive phan- on the back of a profoundly popular revolution in Iran. Similarly, the recent maintain the existence of sexuality, of childhood, of tasmagorias require various ways to place their bets on a return to the past: ods of resingularization, neurosis. And although, modes of expression which allow them to be 'abreacted'uprisings amongst on a reconstitution of in which individual and collective subjectivities will ' Algerian youth have maintained a double symbiosis for the time being, I do not envisage transcending Freud- a process which, as modes of being, handed down from ancestors in history. eclaim between western ways of ianism (le fait Certain hierarchical their due', and in which creative expression as such will in the treatment of psychoses, realigns hitherto dislolife and various forms of Islamic fundamentalism. Sponfreudien), nor argue that we should write it off altocated existential structures, for example, have become the object of an take precedence over gether, I do propose that territories. This 'transversalization' of violence requires, taneous social ecology imaginary hypercathexis, THE THREE ECOLOGIES 139 works towards the constitution of existential territories we re-orient its concepts and practices - put them to of course, that both in the upper echelons and indeed in the lower collective goals. This new logic - and I wish to stress another use, uproot them we abandon any notion of an ever-watchful intra-psychic which substitute ranks of management. this point - has affinities themselves, so far as they can, for the old religious from their pre-structuralist attachment to a subjectivity Even in a situation where such hierarchies have lost with that of the artist, who may be induced to refashion death drive, which zoning of the socius. wholly anchored in the lies in wait ready to ravage everything in its path the most of their functional an entire piece of Clearly, then, social ecology must be opened up to individual and collective past. What is now on the moment the territories of efficiency (mainly through the computerization of infor- work after the intrusion of some accidental detail, a agenda is a 'futurist' or the ego lose their consistency and vigilance. Violence ispolitically coherent mation and organization petty incident which collective praxes; if it is not, it will in the end always be 'constructivist' opening-up of fields of possibility. The management) they are regarded - as the Japanese suddenly deflects the project from its initial trajectory, always the product unconscious remains of complex subjective assemblages; it is not intrinsicallydominated by example demonstrates diverting it from what reactionary nationalism and the oppression of women bound to archaic fixations only as long as no asseminscribed in the with something often bordering on religious devotion. Atmay well have been a clearly formulated vision of its blage exists within which it essence of the human species. There are any number ofand children. the same time, eventual shape. There is a My aim here is not to propose a fully constituted model can be oriented towards the future; and in the future segregationalist attitudes towards immigrants, women, proverb which says that 'the exception proves the rule'; enunciative that faces us, assemblages within which violence is constructed and of future society; young people, and even but the exception can what I am arguing is simply that we should use our 132 NEW FORMATIONS maintained; the baroque the old are on the increase. This resurgence of what also inflect the rule, or even re-create it. temporalities of both human and non-human nature will might be called subjective The generalized ecology I am arguing for here has in my constructions of de Sade and Celine, for example, are expanded understanding of the whole range of ecological components to set in demand just such an two (by no means conservatism is not simply attributable to an intensifica-view barely begun existential reorientation. With the acceleration of the tion of social to be prefigured by environmental ecology in its contem-equally successful) attempts to transform the negative place new systems of value. A market system which regulates the distribution of technological and dataprocessing phantasms of their repression; it is connected, too, with a kind of existentialporary form. The financial and social revolutions, we will witness the deployment or, if you rigidification of ecology I envisage will aim radically to decentre social authors - attempts which qualify these two as key rewards for human social activities on the basis of will, the figures for a mental ecology. actors in the domain of the social. In a situation in whichstruggles and profit alone, is becoming unfolding of animal, vegetable, cosmic, and machinic A society that fails to use tolerance and permanent post-industrial assumptions about the psyche. Existing ecological less and less legitimate. The time has come to take becomings which are inventiveness to capitalism - which I myself prefer to call integrated worldmovements certainly have already prefigured by the prodigious expansion of capitalism (IWC) - is many virtues; but the wider ecological question seems 'imaginarize' violence in its various manifestations runs serious account of other value systems: of 'profitability' in the social and aescomputer-aided subjectivity. the risk of seeing tending increasingly to move its centres of power away to me too important to Those developments - the formation and remotefrom the structures of be abandoned to the archaizing, folkloristic tendencies violence crystallize in the real - in the form, for example, thetic sense, of the values of desire, etc. Until now, of course, domains of value not controlling of human of the repulsively production of goods and services, and towards strucwhich choose governed by individuals and groups - will of course also be governed tures of production of determinedly to reject large-scale political involvement. fascinating one-eyed man whose implicitly racist and capitalist profit have been domin by institutional and fascist messages are signs, of syntax, and - by exercising control over the Ecology should social class dimensions. In that context, we will have to currently circulating in the French media and the political media, advertising, abandon its connotative links with images of a small play around with arena.5 It is better opinion polls, etc. - of subjectivity, we would do well to minority of nature lovers psychoanalysis, find ways of evading the phantasmatic examine the modes of or accredited experts; for the ecology I propose here here to face up to the truth: the power of a character of traps of psychoanalytical this type derives from operation of earlier forms of capitalism, since they showquestions the whole of myth, rather than cultivating and maintaining it like an the same tendency subjectivity and capitalist power formations - formationshis ability to interpret a whole montage of drives which ornamental do indeed pervade the towards the accumulation of subjective power, both at which, moreover, garden. whole of the socius. the level of the can by no means be assured of continuing their sucSadly, of course, psychoanalysts today are even more I am not so naive and Utopian as to claim that there capitalist elites, and in the ranks of the proletariat. (If cesses of the last decade. entrenched than their this propensity of Not only may the present financial and economic crisis might be an analytical predecessors in what we might call a 'structuralization' methodology guaranteed to eradicate the most deeply capitalist development has never been fully appreciated lead to substantial of unconscious by labour movement upheavals in the social status quo and the media-based ingrained phantasms of complexes - a fact which produces a dryness and intolreification of women, immigrants, the mad; nor that we theorists, then that is surely because it is only now imaginary that erable dogmatism in might ultimately revealing itself in its full underpins it; at the same time, neo-liberalist ideology their theoretical writings, an impoverishment of their abolish either penal or psychiatric institutions. But it significance.) may well be hoisted on practical interventions, What then are the mechanisms on which integrated its own petard, as it espouses such eminently recuper- does seem to me that a and a stereotyping which makes them impervious to the generalization of the experiences of institutional analyworld capitalism is able notions as flexible singular otherness of sis (in the hospital, the founded? I would suggest grouping them under the working' hours, deregulation, etc. their patients. I have referred above to ethical paraschool, the urban environment . . . ) could profoundly headings of four main I stress once again: the choice is no longer between digms; and in so doing, I shift the terms of the semiotic regimes: blind fixation to the old want chiefly to emphasize both the responsibility and economic semiotics (monetary, financial, and accounforms of state-bureaucratic supervision and generalized problem of mental ecology. A fundamental reconstructhe necessary tion of social mechanisms tancy mechanisms) welfare on the one 'involvement', not only of workers in the psychoanalytical is necessary if we are to confront the ravages produced juridical semiotics (property deeds, various legislative hand, and despairing and cynical surrender to yuppie field, but of all by integrated world measures and regulations) ideology on the other. those outside it who are in a position to intervene in technico-scientific semiotics (plans, diagrams, proAll the indicators suggest that the increased productiv- capitalism - a reconstruction which cannot be achieved individual and collective by top-down reforms, grammes, studies, research) ity engendered by psychic agencies (through education, health, culture, laws, decrees, or bureaucratic programmes. What it THE THREE ECOLOGIES 137 current technological revolutions will continue to rise sport, art, the media, requires is the promotion the semiotics of subjedification, certain of which are exponentially. The fashion, etc.). It is ethically unacceptable for anyone listed above. We should question is whether new ecological operators and new of innovative practices; the proliferation of alternative operating in the field of experiments which both add a number of others, including architecture, town enunciative assemblages subjectivity to shelter - as so many do - behind a transrespect singularity, and work permanently at the producplanning, public will succeed in orienting that growth along paths that ferential neutrality tion of a subjectivity amenities, etc. avoid the absurdity and whose professed basis is the corpus of scientific work that is simultaneously autonomous, yet articulates itself The first thing to acknowledge is that models which the impasses of integrated world capitalism. that has achieved mastery propose the notion of a The principle common to the three ecologies is there- in relation to the rest over the unconscious: unacceptable not least because of society. Making space for violent fantasy - for brutal causal hierarchy between these various semiotic fore the following: each any 'psychoanalytical regimes are out of step with of the existential territories with which they confront usdeterritorializations of domain' is grounded in the extension of - 'interfaces' the psyche and the socius - will be unlikely to be reality. The Marxist postulate which argues that ecoexists, not in and of with - the domains of followed by some miraculous nomic semiotics - the itself [en-soi], closed in on itself, but as a precarious, the aesthetic. 142 NEW FORMATIONS semiotics of production of material goods - occupies anfinite, finitized entity for My insistence on the need for aesthetic paradigms is feat of sublimation; what we will engender is a new set infrastructural itself [pour-soi]; it is singular and singularized; it may based on an attempt to of reorganized position in relation to juridical and ideological semiotics stress the importance of perpetual reinvention - of assemblages which spill out across the existing boundhas, for example, been always starting from tabula aries of the body, the increasingly discredited. Today, the object IWC has to be rasa - particularly in the register of psychoanalytical ego, and the individual. Ordinary methods of education, regarded as all of a practices. The alternative or training in good piece: it is simultaneously productive, economic, and is entrapment in deathly repetition. Thus the necessary manners, will never significantly dislodge punitive supersubjective. Its determinants precondition for any egos or death-laden might be formulated in old, scholastic categories; they regeneration of analysis - through schizoanalysis, for guilt mechanisms. The great religions, too - with the are at once example - is to acknowledge exception of Islam - are material, formal, final, and efficient. the general principle that both individual and collective losing their purchase on the psyche; as the world witWhat, in this context, are the key analytical problems subjective nesses an apparent return now confronting assemblages have the potential to develop and proliferto totemism and animism, human communities, thrown social and mental ecology? The first is that of the ate far beyond their into torment, tend to introjection of repressive ordinary state of equilibrium. By their very essence, retreat inward, leaving the job of organizing society to power by the oppressed themselves. The principal diffianalytical cartographies the professional culty here relates to the reach beyond the existential territories to which they politicians. (Trade unions, meanwhile, have simply been way in which unions and parties which are, in theory, are assigned. Like artists left behind by struggling to defend the and writers, the cartographers of subjectivity should changes in a society that is universally in latent or maniinterests of the workers and the oppressed, reproduce seek, then, with each fest crisis.) pathogenic models concrete performance, to develop and innovate, to One symptom of this is the proliferation of spontaneous which stifle freedom of expression and innovation in create new perspectives, organs of 'coordination' their own organizations. without prior recourse to assured theoretical foundawherever great social movements are evident. It will It may of course take the labour movement some contions or the authority of a simply be group, school, conservatory, or academy. . . . Work in noted in passing here that these frequently have progress! An end to recourse to computer psychoanalytical, behaviourist, or systemist catechisms! communications to facilitate the expression of 'grassTo be sure, those who operate in the world of psychoroots' feeling. Readers analysis, if they do should key in 3615 + ALTER on Minitel6 for a working indeed wish to find common ground with artists and example. The writers, will have to shed principle particular to social ecology is that of affective their white coats - the invisible uniforms they wear in and pragmatic cathexis their heads, in their of human groups of various sizes. The 'group Eros' preslanguage and ways of being. The ideal of the artist is ents itself, not as an never to reproduce the abstract quantity, but as a qualitatively specific reorganisame work ad infinitum (unless s/he is the Titorelli zation of primary figure in Kafka's The Trial, subjectivity as constituted in the order of mental ecolwho repeatedly paints identical portraits of the same ogy. There are two forms judge!). Similarly, any of group organization of subjectivity: its personological THE THREE ECOLOGIES 133 triangulation in the IYOUeducational or therapeutic institution, or any individual ME Father-Mother-Child mode; or its constitution in the course of treatment, forms of should strive to achieve the permanent evolution of both subject-groups open to the broader spectrum of the practice and its socius and the cosmos. In theoretical framework. (Paradoxically, it is in the 'hard the former case, the ego and other are constructed sciences' that we may through a set of standard well encounter the most spectacular rethinking of proidentifications and imitations; the father, the leader, the cesses of subjectification. mass media star Prigogine and Stengers, for example, talk in their latest become the focus for the organization of primary book of the necessity groups - the malleable of introducing into physics a 'narrative element': an elecrowds of mass media psychology. In the second case, ment which, they identificatory systems argue, is indispensable for a theorization of evolutionary are replaced by features7 of diagrammatic efficiency. In irreversibility.1) part at least, these My argument, then, is that, with the increasing developallow the subject to escape semiologies of iconic modment of the elling, and to engage machines of production of signs, images, syntax, and instead with processual semiologies (which I shall artificial intelligence, the refrain from terming question of the enunciation of subjectivity will pose symbolic for fear of falling back into the bad old ways of itself ever more forcefully. structuralism). What In what follows, I shall classify what I see as this reconcharacterizes a diagrammatic feature, as compared with stitution of social and an icon, is its degree of individual practices under three complementary headdeterritorialization, its capacity to transcend itself, and ings: social ecology, to constitute its own mental ecology, and environmental ecology. discursive chains. There is a distinction, for example, If today, human relationships with the socius, the between a piano student's psyche, and 'nature' are identificatory imitation of the teacher and the transferincreasingly deteriorating, then this is attributable not ence of style that only to objective branches off on to some original trajectory. Similarly, damage and pollution but to the ignorance and fatalistic there is a more general passivity with which distinction between imaginary crowd aggregates, and those issues are confronted by individuals and responcollective enunciative sible authorities. The assemblages which combine both pre-personal traits implications of any given negative development may or and social systems or their

freya bardell & brian howe

ecological designers / artists / activists

april 23rd / 1-2pm / stubbins sponso ed by andgsd g een des gn & soca