PORTFOLIO Menglei Zhang Bachelor of arts, University of Liverpool Applying for MLA
Table of contents 01 Climate Change Adaptation Plan Summer 2019 San Mateo, USA
02 Toxteth Community Revitalization Autumn 2019 Liverpool, UK
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PLAN PROJECT LOCATION: SAN MATEO, CALIFORNIA MEDIA: Adobe PS, AI, ID, Rhino, Grasshopper, Lumion
As climate change progresses unchecked, coastal populations can expect to contend with rising sea levels and more devastating storms including both human and wildlife. This design articulates an resilient urban area and response to improve environmental, social and ecological conditions. I studied geomorphology of landform, water flow, population feature, infrastructure, open space to assess spacial and temporal relationships and the harm of storm and SLR to them. I propose a prototype resiliant urban and landscape design for the bay area to better adapt to the rising sea level and increasing frequency of flood. At the same time, the space will become a new waterfront node for the local communities encouraging local industries and recreational activities.
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NATURAL PROBLEM: CLIMATE CHANGE & SEA LEVEL RISE & POLLUTION EXTREME WEATHER
SLR
PRECIPITATION
TEMPRETURE
STORM FREQUENCY
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HUAMN
BAY AREA FLOODING LEVEL ANALYSIS
101 Highway Redline
Poverty
60’’ SLR + NO STORM SURGE 48’’ SLR + KING TIDE 36’’ SLR + KING TIDE + 1-year 42’’ SLR + 2-year 24’’ SLR + 50-year 18’’ SLR + 100-year
Low income
INFRASTRUCTURE
Population over 75
Agriculture Commerce Education Industry
27000 people will at risk in 100 years flood with 55 inch sea level rise.
10,000 deaths caused by flooding
INDUSTRY
in the Bay Area since 1900.
48 to 166 square miles will be endangered areas due to the combination of rising sea levels and sinking ground.
1500 miles roads will be flooded in
Business Radius as market value
100 years flood with sea level rise. 101 Highway and SFO is inundated frequently and produce large loss in the Bay area.
62 billion dollar cost will be used for replacement of property at risk.
HABITAT
4 ASPECTS
70 billion dollar loss in 2100 from infrastructure, industry, and business, especially around Silicon valley. 90% of coastal wetlands and 40% of the San Francisco Bay
Groundwater threats Park
aquatic ecosystem was wiped out due to the habitat destruction.
Wetland Tidal Flat
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROPOSAL
To build a resilient landscape system to better adapt to climate change, I propose a constructed protection method with the combination of hard and soft landscapes. Stormwater management systems are also designed within the city,
which will also alleviate urban ground water runoff, grey water contamination and flood issues. Additionally, the ground will act as a terrain of “sponge” to mitigate water energy and absorb floods.
EXISITING
PROPOSED
EXISITING
PROPOSED
EXISITING
PROPOSED
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HUMANITY PROBLEM: HIGH COST & LACK OF EDUCATION and ATHLETICS House Price Rank Library (2000m) High school (1000m) Elementary school (500m) Gym Charging station Station 101 Highway
min. Qualifying Income to Purchase Median Sales Priced House
N El Camino Real
Median Household Income
San Mateo
Student/Teacher ratio
San Mateo County US
San Mateo
Students per Librarian
San Mateo County US
San Mateo
Students per Counselor
San Mateo County US
San Mateo
School expenditures per student - Total
San Mateo has a silant problem of high cost of living, which is showed by high housing price. Only 47% of county households can afford an en-
try-level home which is much lower than 82% of households nationwide. Futhermore, this place is lack of educational institutions, especially high school. The expenditure and human resource per students are also much lower than US average.
San Mateo County US
San Mateo
School expenditures per student - All education related School expenditures per student Instruction only
San Mateo County US
San Mateo San Mateo County US
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CULTURAL PROPOSAL
This site design theme is using educational institution and other public places to enrich local residents’ life. Public space such as gyms, outdoor sports fields and public library will be provided for people to study and exercise. Meanwhile, there will be recreational public space located in ecological area along the shoreline. These space will be combined with urban parks and squares for human activities. Different place will have different peak hours. Bars and restaurants will become hot spots for people to socialize.
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FLOOD MITIGATION LANDFORM DESIGN SITE LOCATION
WAVE DIRECTION
WIND DIRECTION
RESULTS
LANDFORM DESIGN GENEOLOGY
INFILTRATION Zooming into a 250m*250m site near shoreline at Shoreview, I propose a water management system for rain water and rising sea water at the same time. They should be segragated and lead to various bio-retention area for infiltration and recycling. Additionally,
BLOCK
SLOW DOWN
DISTRIBUTION
to change the place from abandonment to a lively place, the risk area within redline of sea level rise can be used for ecology in combination of recreation space, which has function of protection from storm surge and a buffer area for evacuation.
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INFILTRATION
BLOCK
SLOW DOWN
DISTRIBUTION
TERRAIN GEOMORPHOLOGY PROTOTYPE
0 Years
20 Years
50 Years
100 Years
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EDUCATION
RECREATION
INDUSTRY
ECOLOGY
PROGRAMS PROTOTYPE
Cafe and outdoor seating area
High school
Ecological zone for recreation
Ecological zone with SLR and flooding mitigation
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MASTERPLAN
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Sea
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12 6 10
11 13
8
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ea ing g ar tion d n l i i t bu ititu ea s s e n r c i o Offi tdo tion 14. uca d ou d n E a e 17. Caf are u 15. q an s Urb 16.
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Boating dock
Visitor Center/Boating Club
Bayside Recreation Plaza
Cargo loading Area
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TOXTETH COMMUNITY REVITALIZATION LIVERPOOL, UK
MEDIA: Adobe PS, AI, ID, Rhino, GIS, Sketchup, Lumion
After economy restructuring in the last century, many places in Liverpool built for working class are ignored and be given a sense of abondonment and desolation, especially some places near the port and dock. This design aticulates an active community area and response to improve social, economic and ecological conditions. I do the research about historical evolution, vacant analysis and the relationship between social inequality and green space distribution. A new public library will be built as a landmark, and integrate the low quality green space to build a high quality central park and some open space having different function. Public space and service is good to serve local people and attract visitors to come and stop here.
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CONNECTION TO HISTORY HISTORICAL REVOLUTION OF LIVERPOOL PEAKEDNESS
LIVERPOOL
SITE LOCATION
Toxteth was developed in the 19th Century as a traditional early suburb of the expanding Victorian Liverpool. Parts of Toxteth were damaged during WWII and with the ‘Urban Renewal Programme’ as well as the economic restructuring of the city many more buildings eventually disappeared. Original, this area in Toxteth comprised of many smaller sized terraced housing units, built for the working class. There were no public open spaces or playgrounds within and near the masterplan area. It has become a traffic corridor for people driving to and from the city centre, rather than a neighbourhood spine for local people.
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Lack of attraction
SITE ANALYSIS
Lack the sense of "The place" Sense of abondonment
Lost identification
Lack of attraction
Lost Identification
Sense of abondonment
Major vacant
Major vacant
Major vacant
Only residence building
Low quality green space
Inactive frontage
BUILDING RENOVATION
ACTIVITIES
GREEN SPACE
Public Library as a landmark
Competation broadcasting on big screen at square
Urban forest
New shopping mall Commercial use at frontage Different categories residential building
Big events holding Communication area Space for human activities
People and family gathering area Eco-center Semi-public space within residential area
SUSTAINABILITY & CIRCULATION Active frontage with retail and public service Bicycle system Convenient stores provide for human demand to within walk distance
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SOCIAL INEQUALITY Educational demographics
WEATHER STUDY Shadow
Wind direction
Higher Education
High social grade
Wind speed High
High Unemployment rate
High
There are two main green park near the community site, yet they are designed for upper-middle class with exclusive access for the residents there, whose population mostly have high qualification, high social grade and lower unemployment rate. However, the Toxteth community is located at a site where major residents are working class with low level of qualification.
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SITE DESIGN
Landmark Green space Open space Active Frontage Blue street
To integrate green space here and improve the quality and accessibility for everyone, the central park will be built to be a high quality green space. From this park, two green axis will be extended to surrounding area and improve ecological environment. To attract more visitors to stopby instead of just going through, a shopping mall along with a urban plaza locaded in northwest corner of the site will provide public space for all types of gathering events. To compliment the business development positioning strategy, a new development belt along the Park Road will be built to attract investments and business owners. This business node will also bring job opportunities for the community. To provide a sense of the place for local people, a public library will be constructed as a landmark, which is missing now. This community was single functioned area with only residential buildings. I propose a comprehensive plan with four main functional districts for commerce, residence, green space and public service to provide different facilities and infrastructure.
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MASTERPLAN 1. Public Library 2. Central Park 3. Urban square 4. Shopping mall 5. Playground
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6. Parking
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4
7. Official cafe 2
8. Small store
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9. Terraced House 10. Urban Farm
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11. Semi-detached House 12. Apartment 9
13. Small Open Space 14. Apartment with active frontage
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5
1
6
7 8
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TOXTETH PARK ROAD SITE BIRDEYE VIEW 18
URBAN PLAZA BIRDEYE VIEW 19
BIKE and PEDESTRAIN-FRIENDLY COMMUNITY BEFORE
Proposed Roads
Abandoned building
Vacant lot
AFTER
Roof garden
Existing Roads
Car on narrow road Vehicle lane Emergency
Active green space
Bike lane
Path for pedestrain
Bike-friendly road
Stormwater management
Pedestrain
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ACTIVE URBAN SPACE BEFORE
Low quality green space Physical Barrier causing low accessibility
AFTER
Big screen for rebroadcasting competitions
Space for recreation and events Rain water collection
Urban market
Social Space Bike lane
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RESILIENT LANDSCAPE
Green system and Blue system
Urban runoff Bioretention Pond Pool (Recreational use) Urban Drainage Water collection Natural Drainage Green street
With increasing frequency of heavy storms and the topography of high south and low north on the site, rain water can be well used within the water recycling system to achieve a sustainable development. The open space will be equipped with water storage under ground. The building will have green roofs and solar panels to collect rain water and solar energy, and some food production like mint in the roof garden use the solar energy and recycling water and then provide material for store and water usage in buildings. Additionally, there is a crossing natural drainage for collection and infiltration of urban runoff. The collected water will then be released to the stormwater pond the central park for recreational use. Rain garden areas are acting as bioretention area to form a resilient landscape.
Green house cafe
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CENTRAL PARK DESIGN
Discovery Trail
Forest area
Stormwater Pond
Rain Garden Amphitheatre/ Gathering area
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CENTRAL PARK BIRDEYE VIEW
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STORMWATER POND
GREEN AXIS PEDESTRIAN
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