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n&yen¼ . kñúgRKb´var£tGMBIvar£en¼eTA

k¾dUcvar£en¼

KYrRCabkardwgc,as´nUv

vtSú edayGMNacénkic©jaNena¼Ég . bTfa

Étþavtabi

esckþIfa edayehtuRtwmbu¨eNѼ KW sUm,Ikar dwg

c,as´nUvGkuslCaedImen¼ . bTfa

smμaTidæi ehati

esckþIfa CaGñkRbkbedayelakutþrsmμa-

Tidæi manRbkardUceBalmkehIy . edayBaküRtwmbu¨eNѼfa Griysav&kena¼manTidæiRtg´ . l . ehIy ánmkkan´RB¼sT§ mμ en¼ CakarEdlRB¼sarIbuRtbBa© b´k arsEmþ g eday segçbehIy . karsEmþg ( rbs´elak ) en¼ sUm,Inwgsegçb Etk¾KYr

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-5- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ RCabedaykarcak´Føú¼ edaymnsikard¾RbéB edayGMNacénesckþIBisþar ena¼Ég sRmab´PikçúTaMgena¼ . cMENkkñúgTutiyvar£sUm,IkarsEmþg ( nigbRgÜj ) k¾KYrRCabdl´ karcak´Føú¼edaymnsikard¾RbéBy¨agBisþarfa

ánRbRBwtþeTAehIyeday

Bisþarena¼Ég .

PikçúTaMgLayáneBalfa bNþakarsEmþgTMag 2 y¨agena¼ eday karsEmþgy¨agsegçb RB¼sarIbuRtáneBaldl´mK:xageRkamTaMg 2 y¨ag edaykarsEmþgy¨agBisþar RB¼sarIbuRtáneBaldl´mK:xagelI 2 y¨ag kñúgTIbMputénkarsEmþgy¨agBisþar BakümanCaGaT×fa

eRBa¼l¼raKanus&yán

RB¼efr£ áneBalfa mK:TaMg

PikçúTaMgLayBicarNaeXIjedayRbkarTaMgBYg

.

Et

4 áneBalTukehIy edayCaBYk eday

kar sEmþgy¨agsegçbk¾man edaykarsEmþgy¨agBisþark¾man . mü¨ageTot

karsEmþgTaMgedaysegçbTaMgedayBisþaren¼

Cakar

sEmþg Edl¹m©as´áneFVIkarBicarNaTukedaylðiLðn´Cak´c,as´ehIy kñúg TIen¼karsEmþgena¼ Kb,IRCabtamn&yEdleBalTukehIy kñúgTIen¼ RKb´ @ var£cu¼

.

eRBa¼fa

tGMBIen¼eTA

¹m©as´nwgeFVIRtwmEtkarbriyayesckþI

cMeBa¼bTEdllMák EdlenAminTan´án ( GFib,ay ) .

Kb,IRCabvinicä&y kñúgkarsEmþgedayBisþarnUvbzmvar£kñúgcMnYnvar£ TaMgena¼mun .

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-6- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 kñúgBaküTaMgLaymanCaGaT×fa

mñalGavuesa

áNatiátena¼Ég

Ca

Gkusl . Gkusl eRBa¼GtSfa RbRBwtþeTAedaykarminqøat ( KW ekIt GMBIkarminqøat ) Gkuslena¼ Kb,IRCabeday ( CaFm’ ) pÞúyKñanwgkusl EdlnwgRtÚveBalxagmux ¦edaylkçN£ Kb,IRCab ( faCa ) vtSúEdl maneTas

nigmanviákCaTukç

CavtSúEdlesAhμg

.

en¼Cakarbriyay

bTTUeTAkñúgGkuslvar£bu¨eNѼsin .

GFib,ay áNaátiát cMENkkñúgbTcMeBa¼ ( minTUeTA ) Kb,IRCabvinic&äyfa karjúaMg stVmanCIvit[Føak´cu¼knøgeTA eQμa¼fa áNatiát ándl´ karsmøab´ stVEdlmanCIvit GFib,ayfa karTMlaystVEdlmanCIvit . k¾Baküfa áN£ kñúgBaküfa áNatiáeta en¼ eBaledayevahar ándl´ stV EtebIeBaledaybrmtS ándl´ CIvitiRnÞIy_ . cMENkectna

Edlsmøab´

rbs´Gñkmankarsm:al´kñúgstVman

CIvitena¼fa CastVmanCIvit EdlCasmudæanénkarBüayamEdlnwgcUleTA kat´pþac´CIvitiRnÞIy_

EdlRbRBwtþeTAtamkayTVar

¦vcITVar

TVarNamYy

eQμa¼fa áNatiát . áNatiátena¼ ena¼manxøÜntUc

Kb,IRCabfa

maneTastic

kñúgcMnYnstVmanCIvitTaMgLay

eRBa¼stVmanCIvit

mantiricäanCaedIm

Edl

RáscakKuN EtKb,I RCabfa maneTaseRcIn eRBa¼stVE dlmanCIv i t

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-7- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ manxøÜnFM . eRBa¼ehtuGVI ? eRBa¼manRbeyaKFM ( manviFIkareRcIn ) . sUm,IkalmanRbeyaKesμIKña áNatiát Kb,IRCabfa maneTas eRcIn eRBa¼vtSúFM ( stVFM ) . kñ ú gCM B U k stVmanKu N manmnusßCaedI m eRBa¼stVmanKuNtic áNatiátKb,IRCabfa maneTastic / eRBa¼stVmanKuNeRcIn Kb,IRCab famaneTaseRcIn

.

EtkalsrIr£

nigKuNmankaresμIKña

áNatiát

Kb,IRCabfa maneTastic eRBa¼kiels nigkarBüayamTn´exßay Kb,I RCabfa maneTaseRcIn eRBa¼kiels nigkarBüayamxøaMgkøa . áNatiátena¼manGg: 5 [KW stVmanCIvit 1 esckþIdwgfastV manCIvit 1 Kitnwgsmøab´´ 1 karBüayamnwgsmøab´ 1 stVsaø b´eday esckþIBüayamena¼ 1 .

RbeyaKénkarsmøab´man 6 KW sahtSikRbeyaK ( smøab´eday édxøÜnÉg ) 1 GaNtþikbeyaK ( eRbI[GñkdéTsmøab´ ) 1 nisßK:iybeyaK ( smøab´edaysRsþavuFEdlBYy ¦ecalecjeTA ) 1 favrbeyaK ( smøab´edayeRKÓg«bkrN_ manGnÞak´k¾dak´enAnwgkEnøg ) 1 viC¢amybeyaK ( smøab´edayGMNacviC¢a) 1 }T§imybeyaK ( smøab´eday¬T§i ) 1 .

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-8- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 EtkalnwgGFib,aybeyaKen¼[Bisþarkñúgbzmvar£en¼ k¾nwgyWt y¨ aveBk

eRBa¼ehtu d U e cñ¼

déTEbben¼[Bis þ ar

nw gsU mminGFi b,aybeyaKena¼

cM ENkGñkmanesckþ I RtÚvkar

nigy¨ ag

Kb,Is ikßaemIl

kñ ú gsmnþb,asaTika GdækfaRB¼vin&ycu¼ .

GFib,ayBaküfa GTinñaTan karkan´ykRBTüEdleKminán[

eQμa¼fa

GTinñaTan

karlYc

RBTürbs´GñkdéT eQμa¼fa efyü GFib,ayfa Cakiriyarbs´ecar . bTfa

GTinñM

ándl´

RTBüEdlGñkdéThYgEhg

EdlGñkdéT

( m©as´RTBü ) kaleRbIRás´tamEdlRtÚvkar k¾minKYránTTYlTNУ nig minRtÚvti¼edol . cMENkectnaEdlnwglYc rbs´Gñkmankarsm:al´kñúgRTBü Edl GñkdéThYgEhgena¼fa

CaRTBüEdleKhYgEhg

EdlCasmudæanénkar

Büayam nigkan´ykRTBüEdlm©as´eKminán[ena¼ eQμa¼fa GTinñaTan .

GTi n ñ aTanena¼

maneTasti c

eRBa¼RTBürbs´Gñ kdéTefakfy

eQμa¼fa maneTaseRcIn eRBa¼RTBürbs´GñkdéTRbNIt . eRBa¼ehtuGVI ? eRBa¼fa Carbs´RbNIt . kalmankaresμIKñaénRTBü

eQμa¼fa

maneTaseRcIn

eRBa¼RTBü

Edlmanena¼ Carbs´GñkmanKuNéRkElg .

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-9- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ GTinñaTanena¼

eQμa¼fa

maneTastic

rbs´ Gñ kmanKu NFm’ TabCagena¼

eRBa¼RTBüEdlman

Ca

eRBa¼eRbóbeFobnwgGñkmanKuNFm’

x<s´ena¼ .

GTinñaTanena¼

manGg:Rbkb

5

Rbkar

KW

RTBüEdlGñkdéT

hYgEhg 1 esckþIdwgfaCaRTBüEdlGñkdéThYgEhg 1 citþKitnwglYc

1

esckþIBüayam ( nwglYc ) 1 lYcRTBüánmkedayesckþIBüayam ena¼ 1 . k¾RbeyaKkar ( RbkbGTinñaTan ) man 6 y¨ag mansahtSikbeyaKCaedIm

k¾beyaKTaMgena¼Ég

RbRBwtþeTAehIy

edayGMNacén

Gavha ( karlYc ) TaMgen¼ KW efyüavhar ( lYcedaykarlYc ) 1 bsyHvhar ( lYcedaykarqeák ) 1 bdicäinñavhar ( lYcedaykar RKbbiTRTBüTuk ) 1 brikb,avhar ( lYcedaykarkMNt´RTBü ¦eBl evla ) 1 kusavhar ( lYcedaybþÚrsøak ) 1 esckþIdUcEdláneBal mkehIyen¼ CaesckþIsegçbkñúgGvharen¼ . cMENkesckþIBisþarán eBalTukehIykñúgGdækfaeQμa¼ smnþb,asaTika .

GFib,ayBaküfa kaemsumicäacar k¾bTfa

kaemsu

kñúgesckþIfa

kaemsumicäacaera

en¼ ándl´

emfunsmacar . karRbRBwtþd¾lamk EdlbNÐitti¼edoledaycMENkmYy eQμa¼fa micäacar . EtedaylkçN£ ectnaEdlRbRBwtþknøgGKmnIydæan

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-10- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 ( ®sþIEdlRtÚvham ) EdlRbRBwtþeTAtamkayTVar edayesckIþRáfñacMeBa¼ GsT§mμ eQμa¼fa kaemsumicäacar . ®sþIEdleQμa¼fa GKmnIydæan ( ®sþIEdlRtÚvham ) sRmab´ burskñúgkaemsuicäacaren¼ ándl´ ®sþI 20 cMBUk KW ®sþIEdlmanmata rkßaCaedIm . ®sþI 10 cMBYk KW ®sþIEdlmanmatarkßa 1 ®sþIEdlbitarkßa 1 ®sþIEdlmanmatanigbitarkßa 1 ®sþIEdlmanbgbðÚnRbúsrkßa 1 ®sþIEdl manbgbðÚnRsIrkßa 1 Edljatirkßa 1 ®sþIEdleKaRtrkßa 1 ®sþIEdl Fm’rkßa 1 ®sþIEdlmankarGarkça 1 ®sþIEdlmanc,ab´rkßa ( enAkñúgc,ab´ rdæál ) 1 . nig®sþI 10 cMBUkeTot man®sþIEdlela¼mkedayRTBüCadIm TaMg en¼

KW

PriyaEdlela¼mkedayRTBü

(

Priyaela¼edayRTBü

)

1

PriyaEdlenACamYyKñaeRBa¼kareBjcitþ 1 EdlenACamYyKñaeRBa¼ePaK£ 1 EdlenACamYyKñaeRBa¼eRKÓgesøókdNþb´

1

EdlGñkRKb´RKgeBjcitþ

elIk[ 1 Edlbursdak;TMnUlcuHBIelIsIs£ 1 EdlTaMgCaPriyaTaMgCa Tas£

1

EdlTaMgCaPriyaTaMgCakUnQñÜl

1

EdlCaeQøIyswk

1

EdlenACamYyKñaRtwmEtmYyRKa 1 . cMENkbursdéTeRkAGMBIsVamIrbs´xøÜn

eQμa¼fa

CaGKmnIydæan

( bursRtÚvham ) sRmab´®sþI 12 cMBUk KW 2 cMBUksRmab´®sþImanGarkça

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-11- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ nig®sþImanGaCJaRKb´RKg nig 10 cMBUk sRmab´PriyaEdlela¼mkeday RTBüCaedIm . kñúgcMnYn®sþITaMgLay ( 10 cMBUk ) sRmab´Priya . mü¨ageTot micäacaren¼ eQaμ¼fa maneTastic eRBa¼GKmnIydæan ( GñkRtÚvham ) RáscakKuNFm’ mansIlCaedIm eQμa¼fa maneTas eRcIn eRBa¼dl´RBmedayKuNFm’ mansIlFm’CaedIm . kaemsumicäacarena¼ manGg: 4 y¨ag KW CabuK:lRtÚvham 1 citþ KitnwgesBkñúgbuK:lRtÚvhamena¼ 1 karRbkbkaresB 1 karjúaMgmK: [dMeNIreTAkñúgmK: ¦Qb´enA 1 RbeyaKmanEtmYy KW sahtSikbeyaK bu¨eNÑa¼ .

GFib,ayBaküfa musavaT kaybeyaK ¦vcIbeyaK EdleFVI[vinasRbeyaCn_ ( GñkdéT ) rbs´GñkRáfñanwgniyay[xus eQμa¼fa musa . ectnarbs´Gñkniyay [xuscMeBa¼GñkdéTedayRáfñanwg[eKyl´xus

mankaybeyaK

nig

vcIbeyaKCasmudæan eQμa¼fa musavaT . mü¨ageTot erOgminBit minEmneQμa¼fa musa ( erOgkuhk ) . kar[ ( GñkdéT ) dwgerOgkuhkena¼ faCaerOgBit erOgEmn eQμa¼fa vaT£ ( karniyay ) EteBaledaylkçN£ ectnarbs´GñkRáfñanwg[ GñkdéTdwgerOgEdlminBitfa CaerOgBit EdlCasmudæanénviBaØtiþ ( kar keRmIk ) y¨agena¼ eQμa¼fa musavaT ( karniyaykuhk ) .

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-12- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 musavaTena¼ eQμa¼fa maneTastic eRBa¼RbeyaCn_EdlxøÜneFVI [vinasmancMnYntic / eQμa¼fa maneTaseRcIn eRBa¼RbeyaCn_EdlxøÜn eFVI[vinasmancMnYneRcIn . mü¨ageTot sRmab´RKhsS musavaTEdlRbRBitþeTAehIyedayn&y manCaGaT×fa minman eRBa¼minbMNg[rbs´xøÜn ( dl´GñkdéT ) maneTas tic EdleBalbMBaneFVICasakßIedIm,IeFVI[vinasRbeyaCn_ ( rbs´KUPaKI ) maneTaseRcIn / sRmab´bBVCit musavaTEdlRbRBitþeTAehIy edayn&y énbUrNakfa ( niyay[eBjesckIþ ¦elgesIc ) faéf¶en¼ eRbgkñúg RsúkRbEhlnwghUreTACasÞwgehIyemIleTA edayesckIþRáfñanwg[esIc eRBa¼áneRbg ¦Twkeda¼føaticeBk maneTastic Etrbs´Gñkniyayeday n&ymanCaGaT×fa vtßúEdlmin)aneXIj faáneXIj maneTaseRcIn . musavaTena¼ manGg:Rbkb 4 y¨ag KW erOgminBit 1 taMgcitþ niyay[xus 1 Büayamniyay 1 GñkdéTdwgc,as´esckIþena¼ 1 .

RbeyaKman 1 KW sahtSikb,eyaKbu¨eNÑa¼ . RbeyaKena¼ Kb,IeXIjfa ándl´ karsEmþgkiriyarbs´Gñkniyay[xuscMeBa¼GñkdéT edaykay edayrbs´Cab´nwgkay ¦edayvaca .

RbsinebIGñkdéTdwgesckþIena¼ edaykiriyaena¼ kiriyaen¼ eQμa¼ fa

Cab´edaymusavaTkmμ

kñúgxN£énectna

EdlmankiriyaCasmudæan

ena¼Ég .

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-13- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ GFib,ayBaküfa bisuNavaca Kb,IRCabvinicä&ykñúgBaküfa bisuNavaca CaedIm . vacaEdlCa ehtu[eb¼dUgrbs´buK:lGñkEdlxøÜnniyayCamYy

ekItesckþIRsLaj´

xøÜn nigsðb´ex<ImGñkdéT eQμa¼fa bisuNavaca . cMENkvacaEdlCaehtueFVI[xøÜnÉgxø¼ GñkdéTxø¼ eRKatRKat nig vacaEdleRKatRKatxøÜnÉg KW minBIera¼Rtecok ¦minsb,aycitþ ( Gñk sþab´ ) en¼eQμa¼fa prusvaca . vaT£EdlCaehtuénkarniyayerayray KW }tRbeyaCn_ eQμa¼ fa smöb,lab sUm,IectnaEdlCasmudæanénkareBalBaküRTeKa¼ nig BaküerayrayTaMgena¼ k¾ánnamfa bisuNavaca CaedImena¼Ég . kñúg TIen¼ k¾Ráfñaykectnaena¼Ég . ectnarbs´GñkmancitþesAhμg EdlCasmudæanénkaybeyaK nig vcI b eyaK edI m ,I b M E bkbM á k´ B Y k CndéT ¦edI m ,I R áfñ a nw g eFV I x ø Ü n [CaTI RsLaj´rbs´GñkdéT eQμa¼fa bisuNavaca kñúgvcIkmμena¼ . bisuNavacaena¼ eQμa¼fa maneTastic eRBa¼GñkEdlRtÚveFVI[ Ebkák´ena¼ manKuNFm’tic eQμa¼fa maneTaseRcIn eRBa¼manKuNFm’eRcIn . bisuNavacaena¼man Gg:Rbkb 4 Rbkar KW manGñkdéTEdlxøÜn RáfñabMEbk 1 Ráfña[eKEbkák´Kña ¦Ráfña[xøÜnCaTIRsLaj´rbs´eK 1

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-14- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 manesckþIBüayamEdlekItcitþena¼ 1 GñkdéTeCOBaküjú¼júgena¼ 1 .

GFib,ay prusvaca ectnad¾ e RKatRKatedaycM E NkmY y

EdlCasmu d æ a nénkay

beyaK nigvcIbeyaK EdlCaehtukat´pþac´esckþIRsLaj´rbs´GñkdéT eQμa¼fa prusvaca edIm,IkarCak´c,as´énprusvacaena¼ RtÚvsaZk;er]g en¼ . án|mkfa ekμgmñak´mineCOBakürbs´mata ( cecs ) cUléRB eTA . matakalminGacnwg[eKRtLb´án eTIbeCrfa sUm[emRkbIkac cUredjCl´ . xageRkaymk emRkbIánRákddl´eK dUcEdlmþayeCr ena¼Ég . ekμgeTIbeFVIsc©kiriyafa Em¨rbs´¹ eBaly¨agNaedaymat´ sUm kuMCay¨agena¼ EtKity¨agNaedaycitþ sUm[Cay¨agena¼cu¼ . emRkbI ánQb´es¶ómenAkñúgTIena¼Ég dUcRtÚveKcg . vcI beyaK sU m,I Caehtukat´pþac´n UvBaküRsLaj´ ( BaküEdl

-

GaRs&ydl´vtSúEdlCaTIRsLaj´ ) dUcEdlBN’nakmen¼ k¾minCaprus

vaT eRBa¼GñkniyaymancitþTn´Pøn´ . BitNas´ RKaxø¼matabitaeCrsþIkUn@ y¨agen¼fa sUm[BYkecarkat´BYkÉg[dac´CakMNat´@ eTAcu¼ sUm,Iy¨ag ena¼ EtesckþIBitsUm,IRtwmEtRtbkp;a«b,l k¾minRáfñanwg[Føak´elIxøÜn rbs´BYkeKeLIy . RKaxø¼Gacarü nig«bCÄay_ sþIbenÞasGenþvasik nig

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-15- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ sT§iviharikGñkenAGaRs&yTaMgLayfa BYken¼nwgniyayGVI k¾minmankar eGonxμas minmankarxøacERkgGVITaMgGs´ GñkTaMgLay cUrbeNþjvaeTA . sUm,IEtdUecñ¼ Gacarü nig«bCÄay_TaMgena¼ k¾enARáfñasm,tþi KW GaKm ( briytþi ) nigGFiKm ( bdievF ) dl´Genþvasik nigsT§iviharik TaMg ena¼ . mü¨ ageTot vcI beyaKEdlminEmnCaprus vaca eRBa¼Gñ kniyay manci tþ T n´ Pøn ´ y ¨ agNa

ni gminCaprus vaca

eRBa¼GñkniyaymanBakü

niyayEpðmElHmdUecñ¼k¾eT eRBa¼fa Baküniyayrbs´GñkRáfñanwg[eK søab´fa

ÉgcUr[mnusßmñak´en¼edk[sb,aycu¼

dUecña¼

minEmnminCa

prusvaca Etvacaen¼CaprusvacaBit eRBa¼GñkniyaymancitþeRKatRKat . prusvacaen¼

eQμa¼fa

maneTastic

buK:lniyaysMedAdl´GñkmanKuNtic

eRBa¼GñkEdlCaprusvaTI

eQμa¼fa

maneTaseRcIn

eRBa¼

manKuNeRcIn . prusvacaena¼ manGg:Rbkb 3 Rbkar KW GñkEdlnwgRtÚveCr Ca GñkdéT 1 citþxwgeRkaF 1 kareCr 1 .

GFib,ayBaküfa smöb,lab ectnaEdlCaGku s l EdlCasmudæ anénkaybeyaK nigvcIbeyaK EdljúaMgGñkdéT[dwgBaküniyayEdl}tRbeyaCn_ eQμa¼fa

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-16- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 smöb,lab smöb,labena¼ maneTastic eRBa¼GñkniyaymanGaesvn;exSay ( esBtic ) eQμa¼fa maneTaseRcIn eRBa¼Gñkniyayman Gaesvn;eRcIn ( esBeRcIn ) . smöb,lab;ena¼ manGg:Rbkb 2 Rbkar KW karRáfñaEdlnwg niyayBakü}tRbeyaCn_

manerOgs®g:amPart£

nigerOgkarlYcnaMnag

sIta ( erOgramek# ) CaedIm 1 kareBalBaküRbePTena¼ 1 .

GFib,ay GPiCÄa ectnaEdleQμa¼fa GPiCÄa eRBa¼smøwgrMéB GFib,ayfa rEmg RbRBwtþeTAedIm,IPaBCaGñkeq<a¼muxsmøwgrMéBcMeBa¼PNУrbs´GñkdéT ehIy begðanPNУena¼mk . GPiCÄaena¼ manlkçN£smøwgrMéBPNУrbs´Gñk déTy¨agen¼fa eFVIdUcemþchñ+ rbs´en¼nwgKb,ICarbs´eyIg . GPiCÄaena¼ eQμa¼fa maneTastic nigmaneTaseRcIn dUcGTinñaTan .

GPiCÄaena¼ manGg:Rbkb 2 Rbkar KW RTBürbs´GñkdéT 1 begðan vtSúena¼mkedIm,IxøÜn 1 .

GFib,ayfa

sUm,InwgekItkarelaP

EdlmanPNУrbs´GñkdéT

CaTItaMgeLIg kmμbfk¾enAminTan´dac´ drabNaEdlenAminTan´ánbegðan mkedIm,IxøÜnfa eFIVdUcemþchñ+ rbs´en¼nwgKb,ICarbs´eyIg .

GFib,ayBaküfa BüaáT ábFm’EdleQμa¼fa BüaáT

eRBa¼júaMgRbeyaCn_

nigesckþIsux

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-17- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ [dl´esckþIvinas .

BüaáTena¼ manlkçN£RbTUsr¨ay edIm,IesckþIvinasrbs´GñkdéT .

BüaáTena¼ eQμa¼fa maneTastic nigmaneTaseRcIn dUcprusvaca .

BüaáTena¼manGg:Rbkb 2 Rbkar KW stVdéT 1 karKitnwg[ stVena¼vinas 1 .

GFib,ayfa sUm,InwgekItesckIþeRkaFEdlmanstVdéTCaGarmμN_ k¾eday kmμbfk¾enAminTan´dac´ drabNaEdlGñkeRkaF enAminTan´ánKit [stVena¼vinasfa dUcemþchñ+ stVena¼nwgKb,Idac´sUnüvinaseTA .

GFib,ayBaküfa micäaTidiæ ectnaEdleQμa¼fa

micäaTidæi

eRBa¼eXIjxus

edayminmankar

kan´yktamesckþIBit . micäaTidæuiena¼ manlkçN£eXIjxus edayn&y manCaGaT×fa

TanEdl[ehIyminmanpl

.

micäaTidæiena¼

eQμa¼fa

maneTastic nigmaneTaseRcIn dUcsmöb,lab . mü¨ageTot GniytmicäaTidæi ( mineTog ) eQμa¼fa maneTastic Ca niyt ( eTog ) eQμa¼ fa maneTaseRcIn . micäaTidæiena¼manGg:Rbkb 2 Rbkar KW karEdlerOgxusGMBIGakar EdlRbkan´ 1 karRákdeLIgénerOgena¼ edayminmandUcEdlmicäaTidæikbuK:lRbkan´ 1 .

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-18- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 vinicä&yedayGakar 5 y¨ag mü¨ageTot Kb,IRCabvinicä&yGkuslkmμbfTaMg 10 y¨agen¼ eday Gakar 5 y¨ag KW edayFm’ ( Fmμeta ) 1 edayekadæas£

( ekadæaseta )

1 edayGarmμN_ ( GarmμNeta ) 1 edayevTna ( evTneta ) 1 eday mUl ( mUleta ) 1 . bNþabTTaMgena¼ bTfa Fmμeta manesckþIfa esckþIBit kñúgcMnYn kmμbf 10 y¨agen¼ kmμbf 7 y¨ag tamlMdab´ ( kaykmμ 3 vcIkmμ 4 ) CaectnaFm’ cMENkkmμbf 3 y¨ag manGPiCÄaCaedIm CaFm’Rbkbnwg ectna . bTfa ekadæaseta esckþIfa kmμbf 7 Rbkar tamlMdab´ nig micäaTidæi 1 eTot rYmCa 8 Rbkaren¼ CakmμbfEtmü¨ag minCamUl ( ¬sKl´énGkusl ) cMENkGPiCÄa nigBüaáT ( 2 Rbkaren¼ ) TaMgCa kmμbf TaMgCamUl ( ¬sKl´rbs´Gkusl ) . GFib,ayafa eRBa¼Ca ¬sKl´ GPiCÄaeTIbCaelaPGkuslmUl BüaáTCaeTasGkuslmUl . bTfa GarmμNeta esckþIfa áNatiát mansgçarCaGarmμN_ eRBa¼manCIviti®nÞIy_CaGarmμN_ GTinñaTan manstVCaGarmμN_xø¼ mansgçar CaGarmμN_xø¼ micäacarmansgçarCaGarmμN_edayGMNacénepadæBV£ Gacarü BYkmYyeBalfa manstVCaGarmμN_k¾man . musavaT manstVCaGarmμN_ xø¼ mansgçarCaGarmμN_xø¼ bisuNavaca k¾dUcKñanwgprusvaca manstVCa

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-19- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ GarmμN_Etmü¨ag

smöb,lab£manstVCaGarmμN_xø¼

edayGMNacénrUb

EdláneXIjehIy semøgEdlán|ehIy køin rs nigepadæBV£Edl ánRCabehIy nigFmμarmμN_ EdlándwgehIy .

GPiCÄa k¾dUcKña ( Et ) BüaáT; manstVCaGarmμN_Etmü¨ag ( cMENk ) micäaTidæi mansgçarCaGarmμN_ edayGMNacénFm’EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmi 3 . bTfa evTneta esckþIfa áNatiát manevTnaCaTukç . eRBa¼fa RB¼raCaTaMgLayRTg´eXIjecarehIy sUm,InwgRTg´jjwmbeNþIr Rtas´bBa¢a beNþIrfa ykvaeTAsmøab´ dUecñ¼k¾Bit EtectnaEdlCaGñkeRbI[smøab´ CIvitstV kñúgRB¼h¬T&yrbs´RB¼raCaTaMgena¼ CaectnaEdlRbkbeday TukçevTna .

GTinñaTan manevTna 3 micäacar manevTna 2 edayGMNacén suxevTna nig«ebkçaevTna . EtminEmnmanevTnaCa«ebkça eRBa¼citþCa Gñk[seRmc . musavaT manevTna 3 . bisuNavacak¾dUcKña . prusvaca manevTnaCaTukçEtmü¨ag . smöb,lab£ manevTna 3 . GPiCÄa man evTna 2 edayGMNacénsuxevTna nig«ebkçaevTna . micäaTidæik¾dUcKña . ( Et ) BüaáTmanevTnaCaTukç .

GFib,ay GkuslmUl bTfa mUleta esckþIfa áNatiát manGkusl 2 y¨ag Ca

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-20- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 mUledayGMNacéneTas£ nigemah£ .

GTinñaTan

(

manGkusl

2

y¨agCamUl

)

edayGMNacén

eTas£ nigemah£ ¦edayGMNacénelaP£ nigemah£ micäacar ( man Gkusl 2 y¨agCamUl ) edayGMNacénelaP£ nigemah£ . musavaT edayGMNacéneTas£ nigemah£ ¦elaP£ nigemah£ . bisuNavaca nigsmöb,lab£ k¾dUcKña ( nwgmusavaT ) . prusvaca edayGMNacéneTas£ nigemah£ . GPiCÄa manGkuslEtmYy CamUl edayGMNacénemah£ .

BüaáTk¾dUcKña ( nwgGPiCÄa ) . ( Et ) micäaTidæi manGkusl

2

y¨agCamUl edayGMNacénelaP£ nigemah£ dUecñ¼Ég .

Kb,IRCabvinicä&ykñúgBaküfa elaePa GkuslmUlM CaedIm ( dUct eTAen¼ ) .

GkuslFm’ EdleQμa¼fa elaP£ eRBa¼cg´án . EdleQμa¼fa eTas£ eRBa¼RbTUsr¨ay . EdleQμa¼fa emah£ eRBa¼vegVg . kñúgcMnYnGkuslFm’TaMg 3 y¨agena¼ elaP£eQμa¼fa CaGkusl mU l eRBa¼xø Ü nCaGku sl eRBa¼GtSfa maneTas nigmanTu kç Caviák TaMgCa¬sKl´rbs´GkuslFm’TaMgen¼

manáNatiátCaedIm

eRBa¼

GtSfa CasPaBénsm,yutþFm’rbs´GkuslBYkxø¼ ehIyeRBa¼GtSfa Ca «bnisßyb,c©&yrbs´GkuslBYkxø¼ . smBitdUcBaküEdlRB¼sarIbutþ

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-21- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ áneBalTukfa buK:lGñkeRtkGrxøaMgehIy RtÚvraK£RKbsg;t´ehIy man citþRtÚvraK£rYbritehIy

rEmgsmøab´stVmanCIvitán

dUecñ¼CaedIm

sUm,I

kñúgkarEdleTas£ nigemah£CaGkuslmUl k¾mann&yen¼dUcKña .

GFib,ay kuslkmμbf Kb,I R Cabvi n i c ä & y kñ ú g Baküfa

áNati á ta

evrmNI

ku s lM

( ectnaevorcakáNatiátCakusl ) CaedIm dUcteTAen¼ GkuslkmμbfTaMgLay manáNatiátCaedIm manGFib,aydUcEdl¹áneBal mkehIyena¼Ég . ectnaEdleQμa¼fa evrmNI eRBa¼jaMjIeBor GFib,ayfa l¼ bg´eBorán . mü¨ageTot buK:levorcakeBorán eRBa¼ectnaen¼Caehtu eRBa¼ehtuena¼ ectnaena¼eTIbeQμa¼fa evrmNI edaypøas´ vii Gkßr [Ca ev

Gkßr

.

en¼CakarbriyayesckþIkñúgBaküfa

evrmNI

en¼ eday

BüBa¢n£mun . cMENkarbriyayesckþIkñúgGtS ( esckþI ) Kb,IRCabfa virti Edlsm,yutþCamYynwgkuslcitþ eQμa¼fa evrmNI . virtirbs´ GñkevórcakáNatiát EdlRtas´Tuky¨agen¼fa karevórcakáNatiát kñúgsm&yena¼ dUecñ¼ eQμa¼fa virtiEdlsm,yutþCamYynwgkuslcitþ .

GFib,ay virti 3 virtiena¼ EckCaRbePTman 3 y¨ag KW sm,tþvirti 1 smaTanvirti 1 smuecäTvirti 1 .

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-22- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 kñúgcMnYnvirtiTaMg 3 ena¼ virti EdlekIteLIgdl´GñkminánsmaTansikçabTTaMgLay ( mkBImun ) EtánBicarNadl´Cati v&y nigPaB CaBhUsUtCaedIm rbs´xøÜnehIy eXIjfa minsmKYrdl´eyIgmankareFVI y¨agen¼ ehIyminknøgnUvvtSúEdlRákdenAcMeBa¼mux Kb,IRCabfa Ca sm,tþvirti dUcvirtirbs´ck;n£«ásk kñúgsIhLTVIb .

niTan edaysm,tþvirti án|fa kñúgeBleKenAkemøa¼ena¼Ég matarbs´eKekIteraK ehIy eBTüRáb´eKfa KYrnwgánsac´TnßayRss´ @ . ( mkpßMfñaM ) . lMdab´ ena¼

bgRbúsrbs´ck;n£bBa¢afa

ÉgcUleTAERsena¼

.

eKk¾áneTA

kan´ERsena¼ . ehIyeBlena¼ manTnßaymYymksIuesμAx©I . Tnßay eXIjehIyRbjab´rt´eKcecjeTA

Etrt´eTACab´vløi

eTIbbeBa©jsemøg

ERskERkk @ ( Rki Rki ) eLIg . ck;n£eTAtamsemøgena¼ cab´Tnßayán taMgcitþfa nwgykvamkeFVICafñaM[Em¨ Etk¾KiteLIgmkfa minCakarsmKYr sRmab´eyIgEdlnwgsmøab´CIvitstVdéT bþÚrykCIvitEm¨rbs´eyIg . eTIb niyayfa

eTAcu¼

LaykñúgéRBcu¼

ÉgcUreTAbriePaKesμA

ehIyk¾RbElgvaeTA

nigTwkrYmCamYynwgTnßayTaMg

kalRtLb´mkdl´pÞ¼

eKRtÚvbg

RbússYrfa y¨agNaehIybðÚn ánTnßayeT ? eTIbánRáb´karRbRBwtþ eTAena¼[RCab . eBlena¼ bgRbúsk¾ánsþIbenÞaseK . eKcUleTA rkEm¨ehIy ánQrtaMgsc©aFidæanfa ¹taMgBIekItmk caMánfa minFøab´

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-23- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ mancitþsmøab´CIvítstVeLIy . rMeBcena¼Ég matarbs´eK k¾ánCas¼ es,IyGMBIeraK .

Etvirti EdlekIteLIgdl´GñkánsmaTansikçabTmkehIy sUm,I nwgl¼CIvitrbs´xøÜnkñúgeBlsmaTansikçabT nigeBlbnÞab´GMBIen¼eTA k¾

-

minknøgvtSú Kb,IRCabfa CasmaTanvirti dUcvirtirbs´«áskGñkPñM«tþr vDÆman£ .

niTan edaysmaTanvirti án|mkfa «áskena¼ TTYlsikçabTkñúgsmñak´rbs´RB¼big:lBuT§rkçitetSr GñkRsúkGm<ryvihar ehIyeTAP¢ÜrERs . tmk eKarbs´Kat´ át´eTA . Kat´kaltamrkva áneLIgelIPñM«tþrvDÆman£ . Bs´FMán rMB&T§Kat´enAPñMena¼ . Kat´Kitfa nwgykkaMbitd¾muten¼ kat´k,alvaecal Etk¾ánKiteTotfa

karEdlsmaTansikçabTkñúgsMNak´rbs´RKÚ

GñkKYr

[rab´GanehIy TmøayecalminsmKYreLIy . lu¼Kity¨agen¼ dl´ 3 dg ehIyk¾kat´citþfa eyIgnwgl¼bg´CIvit minRBml¼bg´sikçabT ( sIl ) ehIyánRkEvgkaMbitd¾mutEdllIenAelIsμa cUléRBeTA . Pøamena¼Ég Bs´d¾FM k¾ánRsayxøÜnecj ehIylUneTA .

GFib,ay smuecäTvirti nigkuslkmμbf cMENkvirti Edlsm,yutþedayGriymK:KYrRCabfa CasmuecäTvirti Edlcab´epIþmBIekItehIy

RB¼Griy£TaMgLay minFøab´sUm,IEtnwgekItkar

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-24- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 Kitfa eyIgnwgsmøab´stVmanCIvit dUecñ¼ .

Etvirtien¼ elakehAfa kusl eRBa¼RbRBwtþeTACamYynwgkarqøat Qøas mü¨ageTot elakehAfa kusl eRBa¼kat´pþac´nUvPaBCaGñkRTúsþsIl Edlánevaharfa kus£ eRBa¼CaTIkat´pþac´nUvábGkusl d¾lamk .

EtminánehAfa kusl eRBa¼minsmnwgbBaHaen¼fa mñalGavuesa kusl etIdUcemþc ?

vinicä&yedayGakar 5 y¨ag m¨üageTot

kuslkmμbfTaMgen¼

k¾KYrRCabvinicä&yedayGakar

5

y¨ag KW edayFm’ ( Fmμeta ) 1 edayekadæas£ ( ekadæaseta ) 1 edayGarmμN_ ( GarmμNeta ) 1 edayevTna ( evTneta ) 1 eday mUl ( mUleta ) 1 dUcGkuslkmμbfTaMgLayEdr . bNþabTTaMgena¼ bTfa

Fmμeta

esckþIfa kñúgcMnYnkuslkmμbf

sUm,ITaMgen¼ kmμbf 7 Rbkar tamlMdab´CatYectna virtiTaMg 3 Rbkar cugeRkay ( menakmμ 3 ) CaFm’sm,yutþCamYynwgectna . bTfa

ekadæaseta

esckþIfa

kuslFm’

7

RbkartamlMdab´

CakmμbfEtm¨üag minCamUl . ( Et ) kuslFm’ 3 RbkarxagcugTaMgCa kmμbfTaMgCamUl . GFib,ayfa GnPiCÄa Edldl´kmμbfehIy eTIb eQμa¼faCa

GelaPkuslmUl

.

EtGBüaáT

eQμa¼fa

CaGeTas-

kuslmUl . cMeBa¼smμaTidæi eQμa¼fa CaGemahkuslmUl .

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-25- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ bTfa

GarmμNeta

esckþIfa

GarmμN¾TaMgLay

manáNa-

tiátCaedImena¼Ég CaGarmμN_rbs´evrmNI ( ectnaevorcakáNatiát CaedIm ) TaMgena¼eRBa¼fa evrmNInwgmanán k¾edayánRbsBVnwgvtSú EdlnwgRtÚvQanknøgb¨ueNÑa¼ «bmadUcGriymK: ( RtÚv ) manniBVanCa GarmμN_ eTIbnwgl¼bg´kielsán y¨agNa kmμbfTaMgen¼k¾Kb,IRCab fa dUecña¼dUcKña ( RtÚv ) manCIviti®nÞIy_CaedIm CaGarmμN_ eTIbnwgl¼kar RTúsþsIl manáNatiátCaedImán . bTfa

evTnaeta

esckþIfa kuslkmμbfTaMgGs´Rbkbnwgsux

-

evTnaxø¼ Rbkbnwg«ebkçaevTnaxø¼ eRBa¼eBaldl´kuslehIy nwgminman TukçevTna ( kmμbfcMENkkusl minman[plCaTukç ) . bTfa

mUleta

esckþIfa kmμbf 7 manmUl 3 edayGMNacén

GelaP£ GeTas£ nigGemah£ cMeBaHGñkevorcakedaycitþsm,yutþeday jaN EtmanmUl 2 cMeBaHGñkevorcakedaycitþRáscakjaN . GnPiCÄa manmUl 2 sRmab´Gñkevórcakedaycitþsm,yutþedayjaN man mUl 1 sRmab´GñkevorcakedaycitþEdlRáscakjaN EtGelaP£xøÜn Ég CamUlrbs´xøÜnÉgminán . sUm,IkñúgGBüaáT k¾TMngdUcKñaen¼Ég . smμaTidæi manmUl 2 dUcKña edayGMNacénGelaP£ nigGeTas£ dUecña¼ . kuslFm’eQμa¼fa GelaP£ kñúgBaküfa GelaePa kuslmUlM

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-26- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 CaedIm eRBa¼minelaP . Baküfa GelaP en¼ CaeQμa¼rbs´Fm’Edl CabdibkçnwgelaP£ . sUm,IGeTas£ nigGemah£ k¾manTMngdUcKñaen¼Ég . kñúgcMnYnkuslmUlTaMg 3 y¨agena¼ GelaP£ EdleQμa¼fa Ca kuslmUl

eRBa¼xøÜnÉgk¾Cakusl

nigeQμa¼fa

CamUlrbs´kuslFm’

TaMgLay mankarevorcakáNatiátCaedIm TaMgen¼pg eRBa¼GtSfa Ca bc©&yénsm,yutþFm’rbs´kuslBYkxø¼ nigeRBa¼GtSfa Ca«bnisßyb,c©&yrbs´kuslFm’BYkxø¼ . kñúgkarEdlGeTas£ nigGemah£ CakuslmUl k¾n&yen¼Ég .

Griysc©kñúgkmμbf }LÚven¼ RB¼sarIbutþkalnwgbBa¢ak´esckþIena¼TaMgGs´Edlelak ánsEmþgTukehIy

TaMgedaysegçb

nigedayBisþarmþgeTot

eTIbán

eBalGb,navar£Tuk manCaGaT×fa yeta exa Gavuesa dUecñ¼ . bNþabTTaMgena¼ bTfa ÉvM GkuslM bCanati esckþIfa dwg c,as´Gkusl edayGMNacénGkuslkmμbf 10 tamEdlsEmþgTuk ehIyy¨agen¼ sUm,IkñúgbTmanCaGaT×fa ÉvM GkuslmUlM k¾n&yen¼Ég .

-

edayehtuRtwmEtbu¨eNѼ KW edayn&ydUcKña CakarEdlRB¼sarI

butþ áneBaldl´kmμdæan EdlCaehtunaMstVecj ( cakPB ) rhUtdl´ RB¼Grhtþ sRmab´GñkbMeBjkmμdæan mancturariysc©CaGarmμN_

.

eBalTukdUcemþc ?

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-27- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ eBalTukfa karBit Gkuslkmμbf 10 nigkuslkmμbf 10 evorGPiCÄa ( elakeBalfa ) CaTukçsc© kñúgkmμbfvar£en¼ cMENkFm’ TaMg 2 y¨agen¼ KW GPiCÄa 1 elaP£EdlCaGkuslmUl 1 ( elak eBalfa ) CasmuTysc©edayRtg´ . EtkmμbfTaMgGs´ ( elakeBal fa ) CaTukçsc©edayGm . kuslmUl nigGkuslTaMgGs´ ( elak eBalfa ) CasmuTysc© . karminRbRBwtþeTAénkusl nigGkuslmUl TaMg 2 ( elakeBalfa ) CanieraFsc© . kalkMNt´dwgTukç karl¼bg´ smuT&y kardwgc,as´nieraF GriymK: ( elakeBalfa ) CamK:sc© sc©£TaMg 2 elakáneBalTukehIyedaysrub dUcEdlBN’namken¼ . cMENksc©£ 2 y¨ag ( nieraF / mK: ) Kb,IRCabedayGMNacénkarmin vilRtLb´ . bTfa esa sBVesa raKanusyM bhay ( elakl¼bg´raKanusy & ánedayRbkarTaMgBYg ) esckþIfa elakdwgc,as´GkuslCaedIm y¨agen¼ nwgl¼bg´raKanus&yánedayGakarRKb´y¨ag . bTfa

bdiXanusyM

bdivienaeTtVa

manBaküEdlelakeBalTukfa

(

benÞabg´bdiXanus&y

)

naMbdiXanus&yecjánedayRbkarTaMg

BYg edayBaküRtwmEtb¨ueNѼ RB¼efr£áneBaldl´GnaKamimK: . bTfa GsIμti Tidæimananusya semahnitVa ( dkTidæimananus&yfa eyIgmanecj ) esckIþfa dkTidiæmananus&y EdlRbRBwtþeTAedayGakar

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-28- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 Rbkan´rYmKñaen¼fa eyIgman edayeFVIFm’Rbkarxø¼kñúgxn§ 5 min[Føak´cuH . bNþabTTaMgena¼ ándl´

TidæimananusyM

mananus&yEdlRbEhlnwgTidæi

RbEhlKñanwgTidæi dUecñ¼

bTfa

.

eRBa¼fa

eRBa¼manlkçN£RbRBwtþeTAfa

eTIbelakáneBalTuky¨agen¼

.

elakGFib,ayTukfa mananus&yen¼

eyIgman

mü¨ageTót

eRBa¼ehtu

GñkRáfñanwgyl´

Gsμiman¼ en¼ edayBisþarsUmemIl exmksURt kñúgxn§kvK:cu¼ . bTfa GviC¢M bhay esckþIfa l¼GviC¢aEdlCa¬sKl´rbs´vdþ£ . bTfa viC¢M «b,aeTtVa esckþIfa júaMgviC¢a KW RB¼GrhtþmK:Edl bMpøajGviC¢aena¼[ekIteLIg . edayBaküRtwmbu¨eNѼRB¼sarIbutþáneBal dl´GrhtþmK: . esckþIfa Tiedæv Femμ Tukçsßnþkera ehati ( CaGñkeFIVnUvTIbMputénTukç kñúgbc©úb,nñen¼ ) esckþIfa CaGñkeFIVkarkat´pþac´vdþTukçkñúgGtþPaBen¼Ég .

RB¼sarIbutþjúaMgeTsna[cb´eTA

edayBaküfa

Étþavtabi

exa

Gavuesa GFib,ayfa sUm,IedayGMNacénkarcak´Føú¼edaymnsikar dUc EdleBalehIykñúgkarsMEdgkmμbfen¼ . Baküd¾essmann&ydUcEdl áneBalmkehIyena¼Ég .

RB¼sarIbuRtefr£ánbBa©b´eTsnaedayGnaKamimK: nigGrhtþmK: dUcEdlánBN’naen¼Ég . ( cb´kfa eBaledaykmμbf )

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-29- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ PikçúTaMgLayGnuemaTnaPasitrbs´RB¼sarIbuRt [112] kñúgBaküfa saFavuesa exa .l. GaKeta }mM sT§mMμ manBaküGFib,ayTukfa PikçúTaMgena¼ lu¼ánsþab´FmμeTsna eBalGMBI sc©£TaMg 4 rbs´RB¼sarIbuRt edayRbFan KW kusl nigGkusly¨ag en¼ehIy eTIbeRtkGrGnuemaTnacMeBa¼Pasitrbs´RB¼sarIbuRt edayBakü en¼fa mñalGavuesa RbéBehIy ehIyGnuemaTnaedaycitþEdlCasmudæan énBaküena¼Ég TTYlykedayvaca rIkrayedaycitþ . }LÚv eRBa¼ehtuEdlRB¼efr£ CaGñkGacEdlnwgsEmþgFm’eTsna eBaledaycturariysc©án dUcEdlRB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´ Rtas´Tukfa mñalPikçúTaMgLay sarIbuRtGacnwgRáb´ nwgsEmþgGriysc© 4 áneday Bisþar . ¦eRBa¼ehtuEdlRB¼sarIbuRtRtÚvkarnwgsEmþgFm’[x<s´eLIgeTA eTIbáneBalfa Étþavtabi exa Gavuesa ( edayehtuRtwmEtb¨ueNѼÉg mñalGavuesaTaMgLay ) eRBa¼ehtuena¼ PikçúTaMgena¼ GñkRáfñanwgsþab´ sc©eTsna edayn&ysUm,Iy¨agdéT eTIbánsYrbBHaax<s´eLIgeTAnwg RB¼sarIbuRt . PikçúTaMgena¼ eTIbánsYrbBaHadéTEdlx<s´eLIgeTA eday n&yen¼fa elakm©as´enAmaneTot ¦briyaysUm,Iy¨agdéT KW ehtusUm,I y¨agdéTEdllðCagbBaHa Edlelakm©as´ánsYrxøÜnÉg eqøIyxøÜnÉgmk ehIy . mü¨ageTot manBaküGFib,ayfa PikçúTaMgena¼ánnaMKñasYrbBaHakñúg

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-30- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 cMENkEdllðCagbBaHamuneLIgeTA . mü¨ageTot elakGFib,ayfa Pikçú TaMgLay ánsYrbBaHadMbUg[x<g´x<s´eLIgeTAeTot . bnÞab´BIena¼

RB¼efr£

kalnwgBüakrN_bBaHa[PikçúTaMgena¼sþab´

eTIb)aneBalBakümanCaGaT×fa siya Gavuesa mñalGavuesaTaMgLay ( enAmaneTot ) dUecñ¼ .

kfaBN’na Gaharvar£ ( PUt smÖevsI ) [113]

kñúgbNþabTTaMgena¼

BaküGFib,ayteTAen¼

nwgCaBakü

GFib,aycMeBa¼bTEdllMák .

Baküfa Gahar ándl´ bc©&y . eRBa¼bc©&ynaMplmk[xøÜn dUecña¼ bc©&y eTIbehAfa Gahar .

BYkstVEdlekItehIy eQμa¼fa PUt kñúgBaküTaMgLay manCa GaT×fa PUtanM va stþanM . BYkstVEdlEsVgrk KW EsVgrkkarsmÖB KW karekIt ándl´ karekIteLIg eQμa¼fa smÖevsI . bNþakMeNItTaMg 4 y¨agena¼ BYkstVEdlekItkñúgBg nigEdl ekItkñúgBBu¼Twk

drabNaEdlenAminTan´TmøayRkesamBg

nigeRsam

-

sRmal ( ecjmk ) drabena¼ k¾enAeQμa¼fa smÖevsI kalTmøayRk esamBg nigeRsamsRmalecjmkxageRkAehIy eTIbeQμa¼fa PUt . cMENkstVEdlCasMesTCkMeNIt

nig«bátikkMeNItkñúgxN£

éncitþdYgdMbUg eQμa¼fa smÖevsI taMgBIxN£éncitþdYgTI 2 eTA eQμa¼fa

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-31- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ PUt . mü¨ageTot stVTaMgLaynwgekIteday}riyabfNak¾eday drab NaenAminTan´pøas´bþÚr}riyabfmYyeTA}riyabfmYyena¼

drabena¼eQμa¼

fa smÖevsI pøas´bþÚr}riyabfena¼eTA eTIbeQμa¼fa PUt . mü¨ageTot BYkstVEdlekItehIy KW ekIteLIgehIy ( seRmcehIy ) eQμa¼fa PUt RB¼xINaRsBBYkNa EdlCaRB¼GriyCam©as´ehIyena¼Ég rab´fanwgmin ekIteTot Baküfa PUt en¼ CaeQμa¼rbs´RB¼xINaRsBTaMgena¼ . stVBYkNakMBugEsVgrkTIekIt

stVBYkena¼

eQμa¼fa

smÖevsI

Baküfa smÖevsI en¼ CaeQμa¼rbs´RB¼eskç£ nigbufuC¢nGñkkMBugEsVg rkkarekItteTA eRBa¼l¼bg´sMeyaCn£kñúgPBminTan´án . kalebIdUecñ¼ eday 2 bTen¼ sUm,IkñúgTIRKb´kEnøg ( esckþI ) eTIbsMedAdl´stVRKb´RbePT . ehIy va sBÞ& kñúgBaküfa PUtanM va stþanM en¼Casm,iNÐntS ( manesckþIrYm minEmnCavikb,tS

) .

eRBa¼

ehtudUecña¼ GñksikßaKb,IRCab ( faesμInwg ) esckþIen¼fa PUtanM c smÖevsInBa© ( TaMgPUt TaMgsmÖevsI ) . bTfa zitiya ándl´ edIm,IzitenA . bTfa GnuK:hay ándl´ edIm,IGnueRKa¼ KW edIm,I«bkar£ .

TaMgBIrbTKW PUtanM va smÖevsInM ena¼ mankarepßgKñaEtBüB¢an£ bu¨eNÑa¼ EtesckþIénbTTaMgBIrena¼ dUcKña .

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-32- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 bTfa zitiya ( edIm,ItaMgenA ) KW edIm,Imin[Fm’TaMgLayEdlekIt eLIgehIydl´stVn+u¼@ dac´CacMENkeTA edayminGacCab´tKñaán . bTfa GnuK:hay edIm,IGnueRKa¼ ándl´edIm,I[Fm’EdlenAmin Tan´ekIt ánekIteLIg . ehIyTaMg 2 bTen¼ KYreRbIkñúgesckþITaMgBIry¨agen¼fa edIm,Ikar taMg enA nigedI m,I Gnue®Ka¼PUtTaMgLaypg edI m,IkartaMg enA ni gedIm,I GnueRKa¼smÖevsITaMgLaypg .

kvLig;arahar GaharEdlnwgRtÚveFVI[CaBMnUt@eTAehIyTMBasuI

eQμa¼fa

kv-

lig;arahar . Baküfa kvLig;araharen¼ CaeQμa¼rbs´{C£ Edlman áy nig nMRss´ ( kumμas ) CaedImCaTItaMg .

BIrbTfa {Larieka va suxuema va esckþIfa ( Gahar ) eQμa¼fa {Lar£ eRBa¼Carbs´EdleRKatRKatedayvtSú eQμa¼fa suxum eRBa¼Ca rbs´EdllðitedayvtSú .

EtedaysPav£ kvLig;arahar eQμa¼fa Carbs´lðitBit eRBa¼ CasuxumrUb . sUm,Ifa karEdlGaharena¼nwgCarbs´eRKatRKat

nigCa

rbs´lðitedayvtSú k¾RtÚvdwgán eRBa¼«áTayrUb . BitNas´ Gahar rbs´stVek¶ak

k¾eQμa¼fa

Carbs´lðit

eRBa¼e®bóbeFóbnwgGaharstV

RkeBI . án|fa BYkstVRkeBIelbduMfμcUleTA ehIyduMfμTaMgena¼Føak´dl´

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-33- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ eBa¼rbs´RkeBIb¨ueNÑa¼ k¾rlayGs´ ( rlayeTA ) . BYkstVek¶akcwk suIstVmanCIvitdUcCaBs´ nigxÞÜyCaedIm . EtGaharrbs´stVEq; eQμa¼ faCarbs´lðit eRBa¼eRbobeRFobnwgGaharrbs´stVek¶ak . án|fa Eq;TaMgena¼kekrqðwg ( stV ) Edleá¼ecalGs´ 3 qñaM án k¾Esñg nigqðwgstVTaMgena¼ lu¼EtRtÚvTwkmat´rbs´vab¨ueNÑa¼ k¾puy rlYy dUcemImdMLÚg .

Gaharrbs´BYkstVdMrI eQμa¼fa Carbs´lðit eRBa¼eRbobeFobnwg Gaharrbs´Eq; BYkvabriePaKEmkeQIepßg@ . Gaharrbs´stVTaMgLay dUcCaeKaéRB rmas nigRmwKCaedIm eQμa¼fa Carbs´lðitCagGahardMrI . ánRCabfa BYkvanaMKñasIusøwkeQIepßg @ CaedImEdlminrwg ( minman xøwm ) . Gaharrbs´BYkeKa eQμa¼fa CaGaharlðitCagGaharrbs´stV rmasCaedImTaMgena¼ . BYkvasuIesμARss´ nigesμAs¶Üt . Gaharrbs´ stVTnßay

CaGaharlðitCagGaharrbs´BYkstVeKa

.

Gaharrbs´

BYkbkßIlðitCagGaharrbs´Tnßay . Gaharrbs´GñkCayEdn liðtCag Gaharrbs´bkßI . Gaharrbs´GñkRkúgliðtCagGaharrbs´GñkCayEdn .

Gaharrbs´RB¼raCa

nigmhamatürbs´RB¼raCa liðtCagGaharrbs´Gñk

Rkúg . RB¼Rkyaharrbs´RB¼ecAcRkBtiþliðtCagGaharrbs´mnusßsUm,I TaMgena¼ . Gaharrbs´BYkeTvtaCan´catumμharaCika liðtCagGaharrbs´ BYkPumμeTvta . Gahar ( rbs´BYkeTvtaCan´epßg @ ) k¾KYrBRgIk[Bisþar

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-34- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 y¨agen¼eTA rhUtdl´BYkeTvtaCan´brnimiμtþvstI . Gaharrbs´BYkeTvta Can´TaMgena¼RtÚvyl´fa CaGaharliðtTaMgGs´ . mü¨ageTot kñúgvtSúeRKat RKaten¼ {Cak¾tic mankmøaMgtic . kñúgvtSúliðt {CamankmøaMgxøaMg . Bit y¨agena¼ GñkhutyaKUeBjTaMgáRt mYyEPøtbu¨eNÑa¼k¾ehv cg´nwgTMBasIu rbs´NamYyena¼Ég . cMENkGñkpwkTwkeda¼føa sUm,IRtwmEtmYyTUkéd k¾mincg´suI ( minehv ) rhUtmYyéf¶ . kñúgcMnYnvtSú nig{Ca 2 y¨ag ena¼ vtSúbenÞabg´PaBRkvl´Rkvay ( ehv ) án EtminGacrkßa ( CIvit ) Tukán . ( cMENk ) {CarkßaCIvitTukán EtminGacbenÞabg´PaBRkvl´Rkvay ( ehv ) án . EtTaMg 2 y¨agena¼ rYmcUlKñaehIybenÞabg´ PaBRkvl´Rkvay ( ehv ) ánpg rkßa ( CIvit ) ánpg dUecñ¼Ég .

psßahar menaseBa©tnahar viBaØaNahar bTfa

pesßa

Tutieya

esckIþfa

psߣTaMg

6

y¨ag

man

ckçúsmösߣCaedIm Kb,IRCabfa CaGaharRbePTTI 2 kñúgcMnYnGahar 4 y¨agena¼ . k¾n&yen¼ Can&yéneTsnabu¨eNÑa¼ eRBa¼ehtudUecña¼ eTIbmin KYrEsVgrkBaküen¼fa GaharTI 2 nigTI 3 kñúgGaharvar£en¼ . ectnaena¼Ég elakehAfa menaseBa©tnahar . citþdYgNamYy eQμa¼fa viBaØaN . kñúgerOgen¼ RB¼sarIbuRtáneBalTukfa ebImanBaküsYrfa stV taMgenAáneRBa¼bc©&y taMgenAáneRBa¼Gahar kalebIdUecña¼ ehtuGVI kal

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-35- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ bc©&yrbs´stVTaMgLaysUm,Iy¨agdéTman eTIbRB¼Gg:Rtas´Gahar Tuk 4 y¨agen¼ b¨ueNÑa¼ . xJúMnwgeBaleqøIyfa RB¼Gg:Rtas´Tuk eRBa¼Cabc©&yBiessénsnþti EdlRbRBwtþeTAxagkñúg

.

GFib,ayfa kvLig;arahar Cabc©&yBiess

rbs´rUbkayrbs´stVTaMgLay GñkmankvLig;araharCaGahar psßahar Cabc©&yBiessrbs´evTnakñúgBYknam menaseBa©tnaharCabc©&yBiess rbs´viBaØaN viBaØaNCabc©&yBiessrbs´namrUb dUcEdlRB¼manRB¼PaK ánRtas´Tukfa mñalPikçúTaMgLay ragkayen¼ GaRs&yGahareTIbtaMg enAán minmanGahartaMgenAminán y¨agNa . dUcCaevTnaekItman eRBa¼psߣCabc©&y viBaØaNekItmaneRBa¼sgçarCabc©&y namrUbekItman eRBa¼viBaØaNCabc©&y . sYrfa k¾kñúgGaharvar£en¼ GaharGVI naMGVImk[ ? eqøIyfa kvLig;arahar naMrUbman{Ca CaTI 8 mk[ ( GvinieBÖaK rUb 8 ) psßaharnaMevTna 3 mk[ menaseBa©tnahar naMPBTaMg 3 mk[ viBaØaNnaMnamrUbkñúgbdisn§imk[ . naMmk[ dUcemþc ? ( naM[ekIty¨agen¼ ) KW kvLig;arahar RtwmEtdak´kñúgmat´b¨ueNÑa¼ k¾CasmudæanénrUbTaMg 8 ( sagrUbTaMg 8 eLIg ) cMENkduMáymYydMu @ EdleFμjTMBa[lðitelbcUleTA nwgCasmudæannaM[ekItrUbeLIgmYydMu @

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-36- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 8 rUbb¨ueNÑa¼ . kvLig;arahar naMrUbman{CaCaTI 8 mk[y¨agen¼ . cMENkpsßahar KW psߣEdlnwg[ekItsuxevTna kalekIteLIgnwgnaM suxevTnamk[ . psߣEdlnwg[ekItTukçevTnak¾dUecña¼ KW nwgnaMTukçevTnamk[ . Edlnwg[ekItGTukçmsuxevTnak¾nwgnaMGTukçmsuxmk[ . psßaharnwgnaMevTnaTaMg 3 mk[ edayRbkarTaMgBYg dUcEdlBN’na mken¼ . menaseB©atnahar KW kmμ Edlnwg[cUldl´kamPB nignaMkam PBmk[ .

Edlnwg[cUldl´rUbPB

nigGrUbPB

k¾nwgnaMrUbPB

nig

GrUbPBmk[ . menaseBa¢tnahar nwgnaMPBTaMg 3 mk[y¨agen¼ sUm,I edayRbkarTaMgBYg .

EtviBaØaNahar elakeBalfa nwgnaMxn§TaMg 3 Edlsm,yutþ edayviBaØaNena¼ nigrUb 30 y¨ag EdlekIteLIgedayGMNacénsnþti 3 mk[ edayn&yénbc&©y manshCatb,c©&yCaedIm kñúgbdisn§ixN£ . viBaØaNahar naMnamrUbkñúgbdisn§ixN£mk[ y¨agen¼ dUecñ¼ . mü¨ageTot

kñúgGaharvar£en¼

EdlenAmanGasv£ena¼Ég

kuslectna

nigGkuslectna

elakeBalTukfa menaseBa¢tnaharnwgnaM

PBTaMg 3 mk[ bdisn§iviBaØaNena¼Ég elakeBalTukfa viBaØaNnwg naMnamrUb kñúgbdisn§ixN£mk[ . EtGahar 3 y¨agen¼ Kb,IRCabfa CaGaharedayminEbøkKña .

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-37- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ eRBa¼naMmknUvFm’Edlsm,yutþCamYynwgviBaØaNena¼ nigFm’Edl CasmudæanénviBaØaNena¼ . kñúgcMnYnGahar 4 y¨agena¼ kvLig;araharkal«btSmÖKaMRT ( CIvit ) rEmg[seRmckic© KW karnaM ( rUb ) mk . psߣ kalBal´RtÚvena¼Ég ( rEmg[seRmckic© KW karnaMevTnamk ) . menaseBaØtna karRbmUl mkena¼Ég ( rEmg[seRmckic© KW karnaMPBmk ) . viBaØaN kardwg c,as´ena¼Ég ( rEmg[seRmckic© KW karnaMnamrUbkñúgbdisn§ixN£mk ) . y¨agNa ? ( y¨agen¼KW

) BitNas´ kvLig;arahar kal«btSmÖKaMRT ( CIvit )

ena¼Ég nwgmankareFVI[stVTaMgLaytaMgenAán edaykar«btSmÖragkay [RbRBwtþeTA eRBa¼fa ragkayen¼ sUm,Ikmμtak´Etg[ekIt kvLig;arahar k¾«btSmÖKaMRTTuk eTIbtaMgenAánrhUtdl´kMNt´Gayu 10 qñaMxø¼ 20 qñaMxø¼ dUcTarkEdlmata{üekItehIy emeda¼[pwkTwkeda¼CaedIm ciBa©wmEf rkßa eTIbtaMgenAányUr . dUcpÞ¼EdleRbIeQITul TulTuk . smBittamRB¼BuT§vcn£fa sUmfVayRB¼BrmhabBiRt kalpÞ¼nwg rlM mnusßTaMgLaynwgykeQIdéTmkTl´ pÞ¼ena¼ EdlRtÚveQIdéTTl´ Tb´eFVI[taMgenAán kalebIdUecña¼ pÞ¼ena¼nwgminrlMdYl y¨agNa sUm fVayRB¼BrmhabBiRt

RB¼raCsmÖar

ragkayen¼

k¾dUecña¼dUcKñaena¼Ég

taMgenAáneRBa¼Gahar GaRs&yGahar eTIbtaMgenAán . kvLig;arahar

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-38- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 kal«btSmÖKaMRTragkayy¨agen¼ rEmgeQμa¼fa [seRmcnaTIrbs´Gahar ( karnaMrUbmk ) sUm,Ikal[seRmcGaharkic©y¨agen¼ kvLig;arahar k¾ eQμa¼fa Cabc©&yrbs´rUbsnþti 2 y¨ag KW Cabc©&yrbs´rUb Edlman GaharCasmudæanpg rUbEdltNHa nigTidæikan´ykehIypg .

kvLig;a-

rahar CaGñktamrkßakmμC¢rUb ( rUbekItGMBIkmμ ) ehIyCaGñk[kMeNIt dl´rUb EdlmanGaharCasmudæan . cMENkpsߣ kalBal´RtÚvGarmμN_EdlCaTItaMgénesckþIsuxCa edImena¼Ég eQμa¼fa manedIm,IkartaMgenAénstVTaMgLay edaykarvil vl´eTAénsuxevTnaCaedIm . menaseBa©tna karRbmUlmk edayGMNacénku s lkmμ ni g Gku s lkmμena¼ena¼Ég eQμa¼fa manedI m,IkartaM genAénstVT aM gLay edaykarjúaMg¬sKl´rbs´PB[seRmc . viBaØaN

kardwgc,as´ena¼Ég

eQμa¼fa

manedIm,IkartaMgenAén

stVTaMgLay edaykarRbRBwtþeTAénnamrUb .

P&ykñúgGahar 4 kñúgGahar 4 y¨agen¼ Edl[seRmcGaharkic© edayGMNacén kar«btSmÖCaedIm KYreXIjP&y 4 Rbkary¨agen¼ KW kñúgkvLig;arahar ándl´P&y KW karRáfña ( cMNg´ ) kñúgpsßahar ándl´ P&y KW kar

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-39- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ Cab´CMBak´ ( Cab´ ) ena¼Ég kñúgmenaseBa©tnahar ándl´ P&y KW kar RbmUlmk ( snßM ) ena¼Ég kñúgviBaØaNahar ándl´ P&y KW karFøak´ cu¼cMeBa¼ ( karkan´ykkMeNIt ) . eRBa¼ehtuGVI ? eRBa¼fastVTaMgLaysagP&y

Kw

esckþIRáfñakñúgkvLig;arahar

RtÚvRbQmmuxcMeBa¼PaBrgaCaedIm eFVIkargar mankarrab´edayRmamédCa edIm edIm,IRtÚvkarGahar rEmgcUldl´TukçminEmntic . ehIybuK:lcMBUk xø¼ sUm,InwgbYskñúgRB¼sasnaen¼k¾EsVgrkGahar edaykarEsVgrkEdl minsmKYr manevC¢kmμCaedIm nigCaGñkRtÚvri£Kn´ti¼edolkñúgbc©úb,nñen¼ . sUm,Ikñúgsb,rayikPB

k¾nwgCasmNeRbt

edayn&yEdlán

eBalTukehIykñúglkçNsMyutþmanCaGaT×fa sUm,IsgÇadirbs´elakRtÚv ePøIgeq¼sen§asen§AehIy ehIykarRáfñakñúgkvLig;araharena¼Ég Kb,I RCabfa CaP&y eRBa¼ehtuena¼sincu¼ .

CnTaMgLayGñkmanGsßaT£kñúgpsߣ

sUm,IkalánCYbRbT¼nwg

psߣ k¾nwgebotebonrbs´TaMgLay manRbBn§CaedIm rbs´GñkdéTEdl eKrkßa . Gñkm©as´RTBünwgcab´eK RBmedayrbs´kab´[dac´CakMNat´ @ ecalRtg´KMnrsRmam ¦RbKl´xøÜndl´RB¼raCa . tBIena¼ RB¼raCak¾nwg Rtas´bBa¢a[BYkeKeFIVkargarepßg @ ( dak´eTas ) . nigeRBa¼kayEbk FøayeTA BYkeKánTTYlP&y KW TuK:ti . kmμ EdlmanGsßaT£kñúgpsߣ

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-40- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 CamUldæan Caehtu[RbsBVP&yTaMgkñúgbc©úb,nñ nigsm,rayikPBeday Bit edayRbkardUecñ¼ . eRBa¼ehtuena¼ karRáfñakñúgpsßaharena¼Ég Kb,IRCabfaCaP&y . EtP&ykñúgTaMgPB 3 Edlmankusl nigGkuslkmμena¼ CamUldæan nwgmanmkTaMgGs´ eRBa¼karRbmUlmknUvkuslkmμ nigGkuslkmμena¼Ég . eRBa¼ehtuen¼ karRbmUlmkkñúgmenaseBa©tnaharena¼Ég Kb,IRCabfaCaP&y . cMENkbdisn§iviBaØaN k¾nwgTTYlykbdisn§inamrUbena¼Ég ekIt eLIgkñúgTIEdlkan´ykkMeNIt kalbdisn§iviBaØaNena¼ekIteLIgehIy P&y RKb´y¨ag k¾CakarekIteLIgdUcKña eRBa¼manbdisn§iena¼CamUldæan eRBa¼ ehtu dU cEdlánBN’n amkehIyena¼Ég karkan´ ykkMeNIt ( Fø ak´ cu ¼ cMeBa¼ ) Kb,IRCabfa CaP&ykñúgviBaØaNahar dUecñ¼Ég .

EtkñúgcMnYnGaharTaMg 4 y¨agen¼ EdlCaP&yy¨agen¼ edIm,Inwg [RKbsg;t´esckþIRáfñakñúgkvLig;arahar RB¼smμasm<úT§ RTg´eTIbsEmþg kareRbobeFobedaysac´rbs´buRt edayn&ymanCaGaT×fa mñalPikçúTaMg Lay bþIRbBn§TaMgBIrsUm,I y¨agNa . edIm,I[RKbsg;t´cMNg´kñúgpsßahar

eTIbRTg´sEmþgkareRbob-

eFobedayemeKaEdlRtÚvBnø¼Es,k edayn&ymanCaGaT×fa mñalPikçúTaMg Lay emeKaEdlRtÚveKBnø¼Es,kecjehIy sUm,Iy¨agNa . edIm,I[RKbsg;t´esckþIRáfña kñúgmenaseBa©tnahar eTIbRTg´

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-41- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ sEmþgkareRbobeFobedayreNþAregIkePøIg edayn&ymanCaGaT×fa mñal PikçúTaMgLay reNþAregIkePøIg sUm,Iy¨agNa . edIm,I[RKbsg;t´esckþIRáfñakñúgviBaØaNahar eTIbRTg´sEmþgkar eRbobeFobedaykarcak´edaylMEBg 300 lMEBg edayn&ymanCaGaT×fa mñalPikçúTaMgLay EdlecarGñkRbRBwtþGaRkk´ sUm,Iy¨agNa . en¼CakarRbkbesckþIedaysegçb edayGFib,ayesckþI[Cak´ c,as´kñúgGaharvar£ena¼ .

eRbóbeFob sVamIPriyasuIsac´butþ án|mkfa BIrnak´bþIRbBn§BbuRtedIrpøÚvknþar 100 eyaCn_ eday es,ógbnþicbnþÜc . kaleKedIreTAán 50 eyaCn_ es,ógk¾Gs´eTA . eKTaMgBIrrsab´rsl´

eRBa¼karehvht´

naMKñaGg:úyeRkammøb´én

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}LÚven¼

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ehIybriePaKsac´mYycMENk

cUrsmøab´

mYycMENkeTotykeFVICaes,ógedIr

qøgpøÚvknþar eTACamYynwgkUncu¼ . cMENknag ánniyayCamYynwgsVamIfa bgeGIybg }LÚven¼

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-42- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 GUnminGacnwgeFVIkargar Edl®sIþnwgeFVI mankarrévGMeá¼CaedImd¾eRcInán eNHIybg cUrsmøab´Gun ehIybriePaKsac´mYycMENk mYycMENkeTot ykeTAeFVICaes,óg eFVIdMeNIrqøgpøÚvknþareTACamYynwgkUncu¼ . cMENkbursEdlCabIþ ánniyaynwgPriyaeTotfa GUneGIy eRBa¼ empÞ¼søab´

karsøab´nwgRákddl´eyIgTaMgBIrnak´]BukkUn

tUcevormataehIy

nwgminGacmanCIvitenAán

eRBa¼kUnekμg

EtebIeyIgTaMgBIrnak´enA

manCIvitk¾nwgánkUneTot eNHIycu¼ }LÚven¼ eyIgnwgsmøab´kUnyksac´ briePaKqøgpøÚvknþar . lMdab´ena¼ mþayánniyayCamYynwgkUnfa kUneGIycUrkUneTArk ]Bukcu¼ . kUnk¾eTA ( rk]Buk ) . bnÞab´BIena¼ ]Bukrbs´kUnniyayfa bgánesayTukçmkminEmntic

eRBa¼kareFVIERscMkarciBa©wmeKaedaysgÇwm

fanwgciBa©wmkUn eTIbbgminGacnwgsmøab´kUnáneT nagena¼Ég cUrsmøab´ kUnnagcu¼ dUecñ¼ ehIyánRáb´kUnfa kUneGIy cUrkUneTArkEm¨Égcu¼ . kUnk¾áneTA ( rkEm¨ ) sUm,IEm¨rbs´kUnena¼ k¾ánniyayfa ¹kalcg´án kUn

ánesayTukçmintic

edaykarRbRBwtþxøÜndUcCaeKa

RbRBwtþxøÜndUcCa

sunx ehIyGgVrsUmcMeBa¼eTvtaCaedIm mincaMác´niyayfVI dl´karbIác´ rkßaKP’

eTIb¹minGacnwgsmøab´kUnán

ehIyánRáb´kUnfa

kUneGIy

kUnÉgcUreTArk]Bukcu¼ . kUnena¼ kaledIreTAedIrmkkñúgrvag]Bukmþay TaMgBIry¨agen¼ k¾ánsøab´eTA .

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-43- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ BIrnak´bIþRbBn§ena¼

eXIjkUnsøab´

naMKñaTYjyM

yksac´kUnmk

briePaK ehIyecosecjeTAtamn&yEdláneBalTukehIytaMgBIedIm . eKTaMg 2 nak´ena¼ minányksac´buRtbriePaKCaGaharedIm,I elg minEmnedIm,IRsvwg minEmnedIm,IRbdab´tubEtg minEmnedIm,Itak´Etg

EtedIm,IRtÚvkarqøg[putpøÚvknþarEtmü¨ag

bu¨eNÑa¼Ég

eRBa¼Carbs´

bdikUledayehtu 9 Rbkar .

RbsinebInwgsYrfa bdikUledayehtu 9 Rbkarena¼ etIGVIxø¼ ? eqIøyfa KW eRBa¼Casac´EdlekItGMBIxøÜn 1 eRBa¼Casac´rbs´jati 1 eRBa¼Casac´rbs´kUn 1 eRBa¼Casac´rbs´kUnCaTIRsLaj´ 1 eRBa¼Ca sac´rbs´ekμgxI© 1 eRBa¼Casac´eqA 1 eRBa¼Casac´EdlminEmnsRmab´ briePaK 1 eRBa¼minándak´GMbil 1 eRBa¼mináncmðin 1 . eRBa¼ehtudUecña¼

PikçúNa

eXIjkvLig;arahardUcCasac´kUny¨ag

en¼ elaknwgRKbsg;t´ ( benÞabg´ )

karCab´CMBak´kñúgkvLig;araharena¼

án . en¼CakarRbkbesckþI kñúgesckþI«bmaedaysac´butþ dUecñ¼Ég .

kareRbóbeFób emeKaEdlRtÚvBnø¼Es,k cMENkkñúgesckþIeRbobeFobedayemeKaEdlBnø¼Es,k Kb,IRCab GFib,aydUcteTAen¼ emeKaena¼ eKBnø¼Es,ktaMgBIkrhUtdl´Rkckecj eTA ehIyRbElgecal vanwgRtÚvstVmanCIvitxaMenAkñúgTIEdlvaGaRs&y .

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-44- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 nwgmanEterOgTukçbu¨eNÑa¼ ya¨gNa . sUm,Ipsߣ k¾dUecñ¼dUcKña GaRs&y vtþú

¦GarmμN_Na@

zitenA

nwgmanEterOgTukç

EdlánesayehIy

b¨ueNÑa¼ EdlekItGMBIvtSú nigGarmμN_ena¼ @ . eRBa¼dUecña¼ PikçúNa eXIjnUvpsßaharfa dUcCaemeKaEdleKBnø¼ Es,ky¨agen¼ Pikçúena¼nwgRKbsg;t´karCab´CMBak´kñúgpsßaharena¼án . en¼CakarRbkbesckþI kñúgkareRbobeFobedayemeKaEdleKBnø¼Es,k .

eRbóbeFob reNþAregIkePøIg EtkñúgkareRbóbeFobedayreNþAregIkePøIg Kb,IRCabGtSaFib,ay dUcteTAen¼ PBTaMg 3 dUcreNþAregIkePIøg eRBa¼GtSfa ekþAKKuk menaseBa©tnadUcCaburs 2 nak´ mñak´@ naMKñacab´édTajTmøak´kñúgreNþAregIk ePIøgena¼ eRBa¼GtSfa GUsk®nþak´cUleTAkan´PBTaMgLay . eRBa¼dUecña¼

PikçúNaBicarNaeXIjmenaseBa©tnaharfa

dUcCa

reNþ AregI kePø Igy¨ agen¼ Pikçúena¼ nwgRKbsg; t´karCab´ CM B ak´ kñ úgmenaseBa©tnaharán . en¼CakarRbkbesckþIkñúgkareRbóbeFob edayreNþA regIkePIøg .

eRbóbeFob karcak´edaylMEBg cMENkkñúgkareRbóbeFob karRtÚvcak´edaylMEBg 300 lMEBg

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-45- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ Kb,IRCabGtSaFib,aydUcteTAen¼

kñúgevlaRBwk

bursmñak´ekþARkhay

eRBa¼lMEBg 100 TaMgLayNa . lMEBgTaMgLayena¼ cak´ragkay rbs´eK[manmuxdMeÁdl´eTA 100 kEnøg Føú¼eTAminmansl´cenøa¼ kñúg kaltmkk¾RCú¼ecjeTA . lMEBg 100 lMEBgepßg @ eTot k¾y¨agena¼ kalebIdUecñ¼ eTIbFøú¼FøayeBjragkay eRBa¼lMEBgeRcIn Edláj´ecj eTA minRtÚvkEnøgEdllMEBg 100 ( RKamun ) ena¼ mutehIyk¾eT .

Tukçrbs´bursena¼ EdlekIteLIg eRBa¼muxrbYs sUm,ImuxrbYsEt mYy

k¾rkRbmaNmináneTAehIy

.

nwgcaMác´eBaleTAfVIdl´TukçEdl

ekIteLIg eRBa¼muxrbYs 300 kEnøg . bNþaehtukarN_TaMgena¼ bdisn§idUceBlEdllMEBgFøak´RtÚv . karekIteLIgénxn§ dUcCakarekItmuxrbYs karekIteLIgénTukçnanaEdlman vdþ£CamUlmanán eRBa¼xn§TaMgLayEdlekItehIy dUcCakarekIteLIgén TukçevTna eRBa¼muxrbYsTaMgLay . mü¨ageTot bdisn§iviBaØaN dUcbursGñkRbRBwtþGaRkk´ . namrUb ekItman

eRBa¼viBaØaNCabc©&y

dUcmuxrbYsEdlekIteLIgdl´bursena¼

eRBa¼RtÚvlMEBgTaMgLaymutehIy . Kb,IeXIjkarekIteLIg énTukçman Rbkarepßg@ sRmab´viBaØaN eRBa¼mannamrUbCabc©&y edayGMNacén kmμkrN_ 32 Rbkar nigeraK 98 RbePTCaedIm dUckarekIteLIgénTukç F¶n´ dl´bursena¼ eRBa¼manmuxrbYsCabc©&y .

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-46- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 eRBa¼ehtuena¼ PikçúNaBicarNaeXIjviBaØaNaharfa dUcCaRtÚv cak´edaylMEBg

300

y¨agen¼

Pikçúena¼

RKbsg;t´karCab´CMBak´kñúg

viBaØaNaharán . en¼CakarRbkbesckþIkñúgkareRbóbeFob edaykarRtÚv cak´edaylMEBg 300 . elakkalRKbsg;t´karCab´CMBak´kñúgGaharTaMgen¼ y¨agen¼fa eQμa¼fa rEmgkMNt´dwgGaharTaMg 4 y¨ag . k¾karkMNt´dwgGaharTaMg ena¼ehIy

vtSúEdlkMNt´dwgsUm,ITaMgGs´

k¾CakarEdlkMNt´dwgehIy

dUcKña . smBittamEdlRB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´Rtas´Tukfa mñalPikçúTaMg Lay kalebIGñkTaMgLaykMNt´dwgkvLig;araharehIy raK£EdlGaRs&y bBa©kamKuN

k¾CakarEdlkMNt´dwgehIyEdr

karkMNt´dwgraK£

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-47- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ KteBalfa Griysav&knwgminmankic©GVIEdlnwgRtÚveFVI[éRkElgCagena¼ eToteLIy . mñalPikçúTaMgLay

kalkMNt´dwgviBaØaNaharehIy

namrUbk¾Ca

karEdlkMNt´dwgehIy kalkMNt´dwgnamrUbehIy tfaKtk¾eBalfa Griysav&knwgminmankic©GVIEdlRtÚveFIV[éRkElgCagen¼eToteLIy .

tNHaekIt GahareTIbekIt bTfa

tNHasmuTya

GaharsmuTeya

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eRBa¼

tNHaBIGtIt£ekIteLIg smuTy£ ( ehtu[ekIt ) KW karekIteLIgén GaharTaMgLay EdlmanmkGMBIbdisn§I rEmgmaneLIg . mandUcemþc ? ( many¨agen¼KW ) eRBa¼kñúgxN£énbdisn§I nwgman{CaEdlekIt eLIgehIy kñúgxagkñúgrUbcMnYn 30 EdlekIteLIgedayGMNacénsnþti 3 en¼ KW kvLig;araharEdlCa«áTinñk£ ( mancitþRKb´RKg ) ekIteLIgehIy eRBa¼tNHaCabc©&y

.

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nig

viBaØaNahar EdlCa«áTinñk£TaMgen¼ KW psߣ nigectnaEdlsm,yutþ CamYynwgbdisn§icitþ nigviBaØaN KW tYcitþena¼Ég ekIteLIgehIy eRBa¼ mantNHaCabc©&y dUecñ¼Ég .

Kb,IRCabkarekIteLIgénGaharTaMgLayEdlmanmktaMgBIbdisn§i

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-48- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 eRBa¼tNHakalmunekIteLIg dUcEdlBN’namkdUecñ¼Ég.

EteRBa¼ehtuEdlkñúgGaharvar£en¼

RB¼sarIbutþeBaldl´Gahar

layKña TaMgGaharEdlCa«áTinñk£ ( EdlmancitþRKb´RKg ) nigEdl CaGnuáTinñk£ ( EdlminmancitþRKb´RKg ) dUecña¼ eTIbKYrRCabkarekIt eLIgénGahar

eRBa¼tNHaekIteLIgy¨agen¼

cMENkGaharTaMgLay

EdlCaGnuáTinñk£Kb,Idwg ( dUcteTAen¼ ) ½ Bi tNas´

{CamanenAkñ úgrUbTaM gLay

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shKtedayelaP£ 8 dYgen¼ KW kvLig;araharEdlCaGnuáTinñk£Edl ekIteLIgehIy eRBa¼tNHaEdlekIteLIgRBmKñaCabc©&y cMENkpsߣ 1 ectnaEdlsm,yutþCamYynwgcitþ EdlshKtedayelaP£ 1 viBaØaN KW tYcitþ 1 rYmTaMg ( 3 y¨ag ) en¼ ándl´ psßahar menaseBa©tnahar nigviBaØaNahar

EdlCaGnuáTinñk£ekIteLIgehIy

eRBa¼mantNHaCa

bc©&y dUecñ¼Ég .

tNHarlt´ GahareTIbrlt´ BIrbTfa

tNHanieraFa

GaharnieraeFa

esckþIfa

karrlt´eTA

énGaharrEmgRákd eRBa¼karrlt´eTAéntNHa EdlCabc©&yrbs´Gahar TaMgLay TaMgEdlCa«áTinñk£ TaMgEdlCaGnuáTinñk£en¼ .

Baküd¾ess ( eRkAGMBIBaküEdlánGFib,ayen¼ ) mann&ydUc

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-49- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ EdláneBalTukehIyena¼Ég . kñúgGaharvar£en¼ RB¼sarIbutþáneBaldl´sc©£TaMg 4 Tukeday srubehIy . ehIykñúgRKb´var£eRkAGMBIen¼ elakk¾áneBalTukdUckñúg Gaharvar£en¼Edr eRBa¼ehtuena¼Ég GñksikßaEdlminvegVgKYrelIksc©£ TaMgLayeLIgRKb´var£ . ehIykarRbmUleTsnaRKb´var£ . Étþavtabi exa Gavuesa en¼ KYrRbkbedayGMNacénFm’EdlsEmþgehIykñúgvar£ ena¼ @ . en¼CakarRbkbesckþIena¼kñúgvar£en¼ dUecñ¼ . bTfa GFib,ayfa

Étþavtabi

en¼

esckIþfa

karsEmþgGMBIGaharen¼

sUm,IedayGMNacénkarcak´Føú¼edaymnsikar£

man

EdleBal

mkehIy . sUm,IkñúgRKb´bTk¾TMng ( n&y ) en¼ .

{ cb; kfaBN’naGaharvar³ }

3

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-50- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 kfaBN’na sc©var£ [114] }LÚven¼ PikçúTaMgena¼ lu¼eRtkGrGnuemaTnaPasitrbs´ RB¼efr£ena¼ edayn&yEdláneBalTukehIykñúgkalmunfa saFavuesa ehIy ánsYrbBaHax<s´@ teTAeTot ehIyRB¼efr£k¾áneqøIybBaHaeday TMngsUm,Iy¨agdéTdl´PikçúTaMgena¼

.

kñúgRKb´var£

sUm,IeRkAGMBIvar£en¼

k¾mann&yen¼ .

[115-216]

eRBa¼dUecña¼

tGMBIen¼eTA¹nwgBRgIkesckþIéncemIøy

EdlRB¼efr£áneqøIyTukehIy minTak´Tgdl´BaküEbben¼ . Eteday karsEmþgedaysegçbnUvvar£en¼ RB¼efr£ánsEmþgTukçsc©Tukfa Baküfa TukçBa©

bCanati

.

cMENkkñúgkarsEmþgedayBisþar

BaküEdlnwgRtÚv

eBalTaMgGs´ áneBalTukehIykñúgsc©nieTÞs kñúgKm<IrvisuT§imK:ena¼Ég .

{ cb; kfaBN’nasc©var³ }

3

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-51- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ kfaBN’na CramrNvar£ [117] tGMBIen¼eTA CaeTsnaeBaledaybdic©smub,aT . kñúgcMnYnvar£TaMgen¼ Kb,IRCabvinicä&ykñúgCramrNvar£fa bTfa etsM etsM en¼ CakarsEmþgTUeTAdl´stVcMnYneRcInTuk edaysegçb . eRBa¼fa karsEmþgGs´mYyéf¶y¨agen¼fa karcas´rbs´ RB¼eTvTtþ mrN£

karcas´rbs´esamTtþ

RKbsg;t´

(

dUecñ¼

stVTaMgLaynwgminRtÚvCra-

CramrN£nwgminRKbsg;t´dl´stVTaMgGs´

min

man ) . EtedaybTTaMgBIren¼ ( etsM etsM ) stVNamYy nwgminRtÚv CramrN£RKbsg;t´minman ( CramrN£RKbsgat´´stVRKb´RbePT ) . eRBa¼dUecña¼ ¹ma©s´eTIbeBalTukfa bTen¼ CakarsémþgTUeTAdl´stVcMnYn eRcInTuk edaysegçb . bTTaMg 2 fa tmÖi tmÖi en¼ CakarsEmþgTUeTAdl´BYksVtcMnYn eRcInedayGMNacénkarekItkñúgKti . bTfa stþnikaey CakarsEmþgsrubdl´sVt EdlánsEmþgTuk ehIyedaysaFarNnieTÞs . k¾bTfa Cra kñúgBaküTaMgLaymanGaT×fa Cra CIrNta Cakar sEmþgdl´sPavFm’ . bTfa CIrNta CakarsEmþgdl´Gakar . bTTaMgLayman xNÐic©M CaedIm CakarsEmþgdl´naTI ( rbs´

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-52- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 Cra ) eRBa¼knøgkalevlaeTA .

BIrbTeRkay

CakarsEmþgdl´

( naTI )

tamRbRktI

eRBa¼fa

Craen¼ RB¼sarIbutþsEmþgTukedaysPav£ edaybTfa Cra eRBa¼dUecña¼ bTen¼ eTIbCabTsEmþgdl´sPav£rbs´Craena¼ . edaybTfa

CIrNta

en¼

RB¼efránsEmþgTukedayGakar

.

eRBa¼dUecña¼ bTen¼ eTIbCabTsEmþgdl´Gakarrbs´Craena¼ . edaybTfa xNÐicM© en¼ RB¼efránsEmþgedaykic© KW kareFVIPav£ éneFμj nigRkck [ák´CakMNat´ @ eRBa¼knøgkalevlaeTA . edaybTfa álic©M en¼ RB¼efr£ánsEmþgedaykic© KW kareFVI Pav£énsk´ nigeram [s;Úv . edaybTfa vlittcta en¼ RB¼efr£án sEmþgsUm,Iedaykic©

KW

kareFIV[sac´Es,kyurya

.

edayehtuena¼

s&BÞTaMg 3 man xNÐic©M CaedImen¼ eTIbCas&BÞsEmþgdl´kic©rbs´Craena¼ eRBa¼knøgkalevlaeTA edays&BÞTaMg 3 ena¼ RB¼efr£ánsEmþgdl´Cra EdlRákd KW CavtSúEdlRákdedayGMNaceXIjPaBBikarTaMgen¼án . «bmadUcfa pøÚvedIrénTwkRákd ( [eXIján ) eRBa¼esμAkeRmIk nigedImeQICaedIm[dUlrlM ¦pøÚvedIrrbs´ePøIgRákd ( [eXIján ) eRBa¼esμA nigedImeQICaedImeq¼ . ehIypøÚvedIr ( rbs´TwkCaedIm ) k¾min EmnTwkCaedImTaMgena¼eLIy ( CaKnøgmYyy:ag ) y¨agNa . pøÚvedIrrbs´ Cra k¾dUecña¼dUcKña CaFmμCatiRákd ( [eXIj ) kñúgGvyv£TaMgLayman

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-53- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ eFμjCaedIm edayGMNacénPaBBikarTaMgLay mankarák´CaedIm buK:l sUm,IebIkEPñkemIlehIy k¾cab´Bal´án . nigpøÚvedIrrbs´Craena¼ eday GMNacénPaBBikarTaMgLay mansPaBák´CaedIm k¾minEmnCra . eRBa¼ Cra CaFmμCatiminGacdwgánedayckçúeLIy . ( RtÚvdwgánedaybBaØa ) .

EtedaybTTaMgen¼fa

Gayuena

RB¼efr³ánsEmþgCratamRbRktI

sMhani

}®nÞiyanM

eRBa¼karGs´eTAénGayu

briáeka

Carbs´Edl

dwgán eRBa¼karcas´én}®nÞIy_ manckçúCaedIm eRBa¼karQanknøgkal evlab¨ueNÑa¼ eRBa¼ehtuEdlelakCaGñkqøatéRkElg . eRBa¼dUecña¼ Gakar 2 xageRkayen¼

Kb,IRCabfa

CakarsEmþg

( Gakar ) tamRbRktIrbs´Craena¼ . bNþaGayu

nig}®nÞIy_TaMg

2

y¨agena¼

eRBa¼ehtuEdlGayu

rbs´Gñkdl´karcas´ rEmgGs´eTA ( eRcIneLIg ) dUec©a¼ eTIbelakán eBalCraTukedayCitcMeBa¼pl ( CitcMeBa¼esckþIs¶b´ ) fa ándl´ kar Gs´eTAénGayu GayueRcIn .

EteRBa¼ehtuEdlkalenAkemøa¼ }®nÞIy_TaMgLay manEPñkCaedIm enARss´føaGacTTYlykGarmμN_ ( manrUbCaedIm )

rbs´xøÜnsUm,Id¾lðit

ánedaygay kalcUldl´CraehIy nigcas´ RsvaMg RsGab´ min Rss´føa GarmμN_rbs´xøÜnsUm,ICarbs´eRKatRKat k¾minGacnwgTTYlán dUecña¼ Cra RB¼efr£eTIbeBalTukedaysPaBCitcMeBa¼plfa karcas´én

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-54- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 }®nÞIy_TaMgLayxø¼ .

Cra 2 y¨ag mü¨ageTot Craena¼ KW CraTaMgGs´EdlsEmþgmkehIy y¨agen¼ man

2

y¨agKW ákdCra ( karcas´EdlRákd ) 1 . bdicänñCra

( karcas´EdlminRákd ) 1 . kñúgcMnYnCraTaMg 2 y¨agena¼ karEdl rUbFm’TaMgLaycas´ eQμa¼fa ákdCra eRBa¼sEmþgPaBvikar mankar ák´ C aedI mkñ úg Gvyv£TaMgLay

maneFμ jCaedIm [eXIj

cMENkkñ ú g

GrUbFm’ eQμa¼fa bdicänñCra eRBa¼minsEmþgGakarvikardUecña¼ [eXIj . manCra 2 y¨agdéTeTot y¨agen¼KW GvIciCra ( Craminmansñam [eXIj ) 1 svIciCra ( mansñam[eXIj ) 1 kñúgcMnYnCra 2 y¨ag ena¼ Crarbs´EkvmNI mas Rák´ EkvRbvaL RB¼c&nÞ nigRB¼GaTitü CaedIm Kb,IRCabfa eQμa¼fa GvIciCra GFib,ayfa eQμa¼fa Cramin mansñamcenøa¼ ( minmansñamRákd[eXIj ) eRBa¼karEbkFøayrbs´ BN’CaedIm

kñúgcenøa¼@

dwgánedaylMák

dUckarEbkFøayénBN’

CaedIm kñúgcenøa¼@ rbs´stVmanGayukñúgv&ymnÞTsk£ ( v&y 10 qñaM ) CaedIm

nigdUckarEbkFøayénBN’CaedIm

kñúgcenøa¼@

énvtSúEdlminman

viBaØaNkñúgedImeQI EpøeQI nigsøwkeQICaedIm . EtCrakñúgvtSúdéTeRkA GMBIena¼tamEdleBalmkehIy eQμa¼fa svIciCra eRBa¼karEbkFøayén

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-55- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ BN’CaedIm kñúgcenøa¼ @ CavtSúEdlKb,Idwgángay . tGMBIen¼eTA bTfa etsM etsM CaedIm Kb,IRCabedayn&y Edl áneBalmkehIyena¼Ég . k¾bTfa cuti kñúgBaküTaMgLaymanCaGaTifa cuti cvnta CaedIm RB¼efr£eBalTukedayGMNacénstVGñkXøateTA .

Baküfa cuti en¼ CaBaküTUeTAsRmab´xn§ 1 xn§ 4 nig xn§ 5 .

Baküfa cvnta CaBaküsEmþgdl´lkçN£ ( rbs´xn§ ) eday karXøatcakPav£ .

Baküfa ePeTa

CaBaküsEmþgdl´karébkFøay

nigkarekIteLIg

énxn§TaMgLayEdlcuti .

Baküfa GnþrFanM CaBaküsEmþgdl´Pav£énkarXøatcakGMBITIzan edaybriyayNamYy éncutixn§TaMgLayEdlEbkFøayeTA dUckðmEdl EbkehIydUecña¼ . karsøab´ eBalKW mc©ú eQμa¼fa mc©úmrN£ . edays&BÞfa mc©úmrNM ena¼ RB¼efr£bdiesFsmuecäTmrN£ Ca edIm ( karsøab´edaykarkat´pþac´nUvCatiCaedIm ) . mc©úraC GñkeFVInUvTI bMput ( TIbBa©b´

) eQμa¼fa kal£ kareFVIkal£ena¼ eQμa¼fa kalkiriya

( PaBdl´karcas´kmμ ) . edays&BÞfa kalkiriya edayBaküfa kalkiriyaen¼ RB¼efr£sEmþgdl´karsøab´tamsmμtirbs´stVelak . teTAen¼ edIm,InwgsEmþgdl´esckþIsøab´edaybrmtS RB¼Gg:eTIbáneBalBaküman

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-56- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 CaGaT×fa xn§anM ePeTa .

BitNas´

edaybrmtS

xn§TaMgLayb¨ueNÑa¼EbkFøay

minEmn

stVNa@ søab´eLIy kalxn§TaMgLaykMBugEbkFøay stVk¾eQμa¼fa kM Bugsøab´ kalEbkFøayehIy k¾manevaharfa stVsøab´ehIy . kúñgCramrNvar£en¼

karEbkFøayénxn§TaMgLay

manáneday

ctuevakarPB ( namxn§ 4 ) / kardak´cu¼saksB manánedayÉkevakarPB ( rUbxn§ 1

) ¦karEbkFøayénxn§TaMgLay Kb,IRCabedayctu-

evakarPB / ( cMENk ) kardak´cu¼nUvsaksB Kb,IRCabedayGMNacén PBTaMg 2 d¾ess ( ÉkevakarPB nigbBa©evakarPB ) . eRBa¼ehtuGVI ? eRBa¼saksB eBalKW rUbkayekIteLIgcMeBa¼kñúgPB 2 b¨ueNÑa¼ . mü¨ageTot eRBa¼ehtuEdlxn§TaMgLaykñúgeTvelak nigRBhμelak mancatumμharaCikaCaedIm EbkFøayeTAEtmü¨ag minmaneá¼bg´GVITukdUecñ¼ karEbkFøayénxn§TaMgLay

Kb,IRCabedayGMNacénxn§TaMgLay

kñúg

eTvelak nigRBhμelak mancatumμharaCikaCaedImTaMgena¼ . ( cMENk ) kardak´cu¼nUvsaksB manenAkñúgstVTaMgLay manmnusßCaedIm . kar søab´edaykardak´cu¼nUvsaksB RB¼efr£eBalfa kardak´cu¼nUvsaksB .

Kb,IRCabGtSaFib,ayy¨agen¼fa TaMgCra TaMgmrN£en¼ Kb,IRCabdUcEdl BN’namken¼ . Rbkarfa }TM vuc©tavuesa esckþIfa Cra nigmrN£ TaMg

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-57- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ 2 y¨agen¼ RB¼efr£eBalrYmKñafa CramrN£ . Baküd¾ess mann&ydUc EdleBalmkehIyena¼Ég dUecñ¼Ég .

{ cb; kfaBN’naCramrNvar³ }

3

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-58- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 kfaBN’na Cativar£ [118]

Kb,I R Cabvi n & y

kñ ú g BaküTaM g LaymanCaGaT× f a

Cati

sBa¢ a ti kñ ú g Cativar£ ( dUcteTAen¼ ) ½ eQμa¼fa Cati eRBa¼GtSfa ( epþIm ) ekIt . Catiena¼ RbkbehIy edayGMNacénGaytn£minTan´bribUrN_ . eQμa¼fa

sBa¢ati

eRBa¼GtSfa

ekItRKb´ehIy

.

sBa¢atiena¼

RbkbRKb´ehIy edayGMNacénGaytn£bribUrN_ehIy . eQμa¼fa {k;nþi eRBa¼GtSfa Qancu¼ ( kan´KP’ ) . {k;nþiena¼ RbkbedayGNÐCkMeNIt ( ekItkñúgs‘ut ) nigClaBuCkMeNIt ( ekItCa KP’ ) . GFib,ayfa stVTaMgena¼Qancu¼ KW cab´bdisn§I dUckarQan cUleTAkan´kenßamBg nigs,Ún . eQμa¼fa GPiniBVtþi eRBa¼GtSfa puseLIg . GPiniBVtiþena¼ Rbkb edaysMesTCkMeNIt ( ekItBIejIsEkðl ) nig{bátikkMeNIt ( pus eLIg ) GFib,ayfa stVTaMgena¼ekIt®ákdeLIgEtmþg . en¼CaeTsna edayevahar . teTAen¼ eTIbCaeTsnaedaybrmtS GFib,ayfa eday brmtS xn§TaMgLaybu¨eNÑa¼Ég RákdeLIg minEmnstVRákd . bNþabTTaMgena¼ bTfa xn§anM Kb,IRCabfa sMedAykxn§ 1 kñúg ÉkevakarPB xn§ 4 kñúgctuevakarPB nig xn§ 5 xø¼ kñúgbBa©evakarPB .

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-59- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ kar«b,tþ i eQμ a¼fa átuP aeva . Kb,I RCabkarse®g:a¼edayGaytn£ EdlkMBugekIteLIgkñúgPBena¼@ cUlkñúgBaküfa GaytnanM en¼ . karRákdeLIgkúñgsnþtiena¼Ég eQμa¼fa bdilaePa GFib,ayfa Gaytn£TaMgena¼ EdlRákdena¼Ég rEmgeQμa¼fa CakarEdlstVTaMg LayRtLb´ánehIy . edaybTen¼fa GyM vuc©tavuesa Cati RB¼efr£eBalbBa¢ak´dl´ CatiEdlánsEmþgmkehIy TaMgedayevahar TaMgedaybrmtS dUecñ¼Ég . k¾GñksikßaKb,IRCab

kmμPB

EdlCabc©&yénCati

kñúgBaküfa

PvsmuTya en¼ . Baküd¾ess mann&ydUcEdleBalmkehIyena¼Ég .

{ cb; kfaBN’naCativar³ }

3

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-60- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 kfaBN’na Pvvar£ [119] Kb,IRCabvinicä&y kñúgPvvar£ dUcteTAen¼ ½ kmμPB nig «bbtþiPB eQμa¼fa kamPB . bNþaPBTaMg 2 y¨ag ena¼ kmμEdlCaehtu[cUldl´kamPBena¼Ég eQμa¼fa kmμPB .

GFib,ayfa kmμena¼Ég elakeBalfa PB edaykareBaldl´ pl dUcBaküTaMgLaymanCaGaT×fa kar«b,tþieLIgénRB¼BuT§Cam©as´

Ca

ehtunaMmknUvesckþIsux karsnßMábCaehtumknUvTukç dUecñ¼ eRBa¼kmμPB ena¼Caehtu én«bbtþiPB . xn§bBa©k£ EdltNHa nigTidæicab´ykehIy ekIteLIgedaykmμena¼ eQμa¼fa «bbtþiPB . eRBa¼fa xn§bBa©k£ena¼ elakeBalfa PB eRBa¼manvieRKa¼fa CaTIekIt ( énbdisn§icitþ ) . kalebIy¨agen¼ TaMg 2 y¨agen¼ KW kmμPBen¼ 1 «bbtþiPB 1 elakeBalfa CakamPB sUm,IedayRbkarTaMgBYg . kñúgrUbPB nig GrUbPB k¾TMngen¼ . Et«áTankñúgBaküen¼fa «áTansmuTya en¼ Cabc© & y énkmμPBEdlCaku sl . eday«bni sßyb,c©& yena¼Ég . «áTan Cabc© & yénkmμPBEdlCaGkus l eday«bnis ßyb,c© & yxø¼ edayshCatb,c©&yCaedImxø¼

EtCabc©&yrbs´«bbtþiPB

rbs´kmμPB

TaMgEdlCakusl nigGkuslTaMgGs´ eday«bnisßyb,c©&y . Bakü d¾ess mann&ydUcEdlmkehIyena¼Ég dUecñ¼ .

{ cb; kfaBN’naPvvar }

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-61- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ kfaBN’na «áTanvar£ [120] Kb,IRCabvinicä&y kñúgBaküTaMgLaymanCaGaT×fa kamuáTanM kñúg«áTanvar£ . kielsCati eQμa¼fa kamuáTan eRBa¼vieRKa¼fa CaehtuRbkan´maM kñúgvtSúkam

¦eRBa¼Rbkan´vtSúkamena¼Ég

.

mü¨ageTot

kamena¼pg

Ca

«áTanpg eRBa¼dUecña¼ eTIbeQμa¼fa kamuáTan . karRbkan´maMnUvelakehAfa «áTan . eRBa¼fa «b s&BÞ kñúg Baküfa «áTanM en¼ manesckþIfa maM dUc «b s&BÞ kñúgBaküTaMgLay manCaGaT×fa «áyas nig «bkdæ .

Baküfa kamuáTan en¼

CaeQμa¼rbs´raK£ EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúg

kamKuN . en¼CaesckþIsegçbkñúgkamuáTanen¼ .

EteBaledayBisþar kamuáTanen¼ Kb,IRCabedayn&yEdlán Rtas´TukehIyfa bNþa«áTanTaMgena¼ kamuáTan etIdUcemþc ? ándl´ esckþIeBjcitþ edayGMNackarCab´CMBak´kñúgkamTaMgLay .

TidæúáTan k¾y¨agena¼ KW Tidæiena¼pg Ca«áTanpg eRBa¼dUecña¼ eTIbeQμa¼fa TidæúáTan . mü¨ageTot kielsCati eQμa¼fa TidæúáTan . eRBa¼Rbkan´maMnUvTidæi . ¦eQμa¼fa TidæúáTan eRBa¼manvieRKa¼fa Caehtu [Rbkan´maMnUvTidæi . GFib,ayfa kielsCatiNa rEmgRbkan´maMnUvTidæi xagedIm kñúgBaküTaMgLaymanCaGaT×fa TaMgGtþa ( Gatμ&n ) TaMgelakCa

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-62- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 rbs´eTog eRBa¼dUecña¼ kielsCatiena¼ eTIbeQμa¼faya¨gena¼ ( TidæúáTan ) . dUcRtas´TukmanCaGaT×fa TaMgGtþa ( Gatμ&n ) TaMgelakCarbs´ eTog vtSúen¼b¨ueNÑa¼Castü ( rbs´Bit ) déTCaemaX£ ( }tRbeyaCn_ ) .

Baküfa TidæúáTanen¼ CaeQμa¼rbs´TidæiTaMgGs´ evorEtsIlsBVtþúáTan nigGtþvaTuáTan . en¼CaesckþIsegçbkñúgTidæúáTanen¼ . EtedayBisþar TidæúáTanen¼ Kb,IRCabedayn&yEdlánRtas´TukehIyena¼Égfa bNþa «áTanTaMgena¼ TidæúáTan etIdUcemþc ? ( TidæúáTanKW ) TanEdlbuK:l [ehIy minmanpl . bNþa«áTanTaMgena¼

eQμa¼fa

sIlBVtþúáTan

eRBa¼Caehtu

Rbkan´maMnUvsIl nigvtþxø¼ eRBa¼sIl nigvtþena¼ Rbkan´maMedayxøÜnÉgxø¼ eRBa¼sIl nigvtþena¼pg Ca«áTanxø¼ .

GFib,ayfa karRbkan´maMedayxøÜnÉgena¼Ég edaykareCOmaMfa sIl nigvtþTaMgLay mansIlrbs´eKa nigvtþrbs´eKaCaedIm Carbs´ brisuT§edayGakary¨agen¼ eRBa¼dUeca¼ eTIbeQμa¼fay¨agena¼ ( sIlBVtþúáTan ) . en¼CaesckþIsegçbkñúgsIlBVtþúáTanen¼ .

EtedayBisþarsIlBVtþúáTanen¼ Kb,IRCabedayn&yEdlRtas´ TukehIyfa bNþa«áTanTaMgena¼ sIlBVtþúáTanetIdUcemþc ? KW esckþI brisuT§edaysIlrbs´smNRBahμN_TaMgLay xageRkAsasnaen¼ . eQμa¼fa vaT£ eRBa¼CaehtueBalkñúg}LÚven¼ . EdleQμa¼fa «áTan

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-63- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ eRBa¼Caehtu[Rbkan´maM . sYrfa eBal ¦Rbkan´maMnUvGVUI ? eqøIyfa eBal ¦RbkanmaMnUvGtþa ( Gatμ&n ) . karRbkan´maMnUvvaT£rbs´xøÜn eQμa¼fa GtþvaTuáTan . mü¨ageTot eQμa¼fa GtþvaTuáT eRBa¼CaehtuRbkan´maMRtwmEtvaT£rbs´xøÜnb¨ueNÑa¼ faCaGatþa ( Gatμ&n

-

) . Baküfa GtþvaTuáTanen¼ CaeQμa¼rbs´sk;ay

Tidæi EdlmanvtSú 20 . en¼CaesckþIsegçbkñúgGtþvaTuáTanen¼ . cMENkedayBisþar

GtþvaTuáTanen¼

Kb,IRCabedayn&yEdl

Rtas´TukehIyfa bNþa«áTanTaMgen¼ GtþvaTuáTan etIdUcemþc ? GtþvaTuáTan

KW

bufuC¢n kñúg RB¼sasnaen¼

minánsþab´

mináneXI j

RB¼Griy£Cam©as´TaMgLay dUecñ¼ . tNHakñúgBaküfa tNHHasmuTya en¼ Cabc©&yrbs´kamuTáTan eday«bnisßyb,c©&y ¦edayGnnþrb,c©&y smnnþrb,c©&y ntSib,c©&y

-

nigGesvnb,c©&y EtCabc©&yrbs´«áTand¾ess KW sUm,Iedaysh

Catb,c©&yCaedImxø¼ Baküd¾ess mann&ydUceBalehIyena¼Ég dUecñ¼ .

{ cb; kfaBN’na])Tanvar³ }

3

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-64- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 kfaBN’na tNHavar£ tNHa 108 [121] Kb,IRCabvinicä&ykñúgtNHavar£ ( teTA ) ½ tNHaEdlRbRBwtþeTAehIyedayCvnvifI maneQμa¼tamGarmμN_ EdlRsedognwgbita ( Gñk[kMeNIt ) fa rUbtNHa .l. FmμtNHa dUc ( mnusß ) maneQμa¼tambitakñúgBaküTaMgLay manCaGaT×fa esdæIbuRt RBahμNbuRt CaedIm . k¾kñúgtNHavar£en¼ tNHa man 3 Rbkar y¨agen¼ KW tNHaEdl manrUbCaGarmμN_ KW tNHakñúgrUb eRBa¼dUecña¼ eTIbeQμa¼fa rUbtNHa rUbtNHaena¼ kareRtkGrRbRBwtþeTAedayPaBCakamraK£ eQμa¼fa kamtNHa . kaleRtkGrnwg ( rUb ) RbRBwtþeTAy¨agen¼fa rUbeTog KW zitefr ándl´

Cab´tKñamindac´

edayPaBCaraK£EdlekItrYmCamYyssßtTidæi

eQμa¼fa PvtNHa . kaleRtkGrnwg ( rUb ) RbRBwtþeTAy¨agen¼fa rUbdac´sUnü KW vinas eTA ándl´ l¼elaken¼eTAehIy nwgminman edayPaBCaraK£ekItrYm nwg«ecäTTidæi eQμa¼fa viPvtNHa . mü¨ageTot sTÞtNHaCaedIm k¾dUcrUbtNHa dUecña¼ eTIbrYmCatNHavibrit 18 Rbkar . tNHavibritTaMgena¼ EckecjCa 18 kñúgGaytn£

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-65- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ TaMgLay manrUbxagkñúgCaedIm ( nwg ) EckecjCa 18 kñúgGayt£TaMg Lay manrUbxageRkACaedIm eTIbrYmCa 36 Rbkar EckCaGtIt£ 36 CaGnaKt 36 bc©úb,nñ 36 eday®bkary¨agen¼ eTIbCatNHavibrit 108 Rbkar . mü¨ageTot tNHavibrit 18 Rbkar GaRs&yrUbEdlRbRBwtþeTAxag kñúgCaedIm

manCaGaT×y¨agen¼fa

eRBa¼GaRs&yrUbxagkñúg

mantNHafa

eyIgmaneRBa¼rUben¼ ( nig ) fa kaleyIgman eyIgk¾CaTIRáfña dUecña¼ eTIbrYmCatNHa 36 EckCaGtIt£ 36 GnaKt 36 bc©úb,nñ 36 eday Rbkary¨agen¼ rYmCatNHavibrit 108 dUcEdlBN’namken¼Ég . kaleFIVkarse®g:a¼cUlKñaeTot tNHa k¾man 6 BYkb¨ueNÑa¼ kñúg GarmμN_TaMgLay manrUbCaedIm edayGtSEdlelaksEmþgTuky¨agen¼ fa tNHaman 3 y¨ag b¨ueNÑa¼ mankamtNHaCaedIm GñkRáCJKb,IRCab tNHa edaykarse®g:a¼esckþIEdlBisþarcUlCamYyKñaeTot GMBIesckþI Bisþar EdlsEmþgTukehIy dUecñ¼ . k¾evTnaEdlCaviák RB¼efr£RáfñaykehIyfa evTna kñúgBaküfa evTnasmuTya en¼ . ebInwgmanBaküsYrfa evTnaena¼ Cabc©&yéntNHa kñúgTVar 6 dUcemþc ? eqøIyfa Cabc©&y eRBa¼evTnaCavtSúEdlKYreRtkGr . GFib,ayfa kalstVTaMgLayRbkan´evTnafa Carbs´eyIg . edayesckþIeBjcitþ

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-66- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 suxevTna eKnwgCaGñkjúaMgesckþIRáfñakñúgevTna[ekIteLIg ehIyeRtkGr edaykareRtkGrcMeBa¼evTna RáfñarUbEdláneXIjehIyena¼Ég nigkal ánrUbena¼ehIy k¾eBjcitþ TaMgeFIVsk;ar£dl´CagKMnUrCaedIm Gñk[GarmμN_ . kñúgesatTVaCaedIm k¾dUcKña stVTaMgLayrEmgRáfñasemøgCaedIm EdlCaTIKYrRáfña lu¼ánehIy k¾eBjcitþnwgsemøgCaedImTaMgena¼ TaMg eFVIkarsk;ar£ GñkedjBiN CagpßMTwkRkGUb Cagt,aj nigGñksEmþg sil,£nana CaedIm . dUcGVI ? dUcmþayEdlRsLaj´kUn eFVIsk;ar£dl´emeda¼ KW [eKpwk nig briePaKTwkeda¼føa nigTwkreda¼d¾q¶aj´CaedIm eRBa¼esckþIesñhacMeBa¼kUn / Baküd¾ess mann&ydUcEdleBalehIyena¼Ég .

(

cb´ kfaBN’natNðavar³ )

3

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-67- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ kfaBN’na evTnavar£ [122] Kb,IRCabvinic©&ykñúgevTnavar£ ( teTA ) ½ BYkevTna eQμa¼fa evTnakay£ .

Baküfa

ckçúsmösßCaevTna

.eb.

menasm¢sßCaevTna

en¼

CaeQμa¼rbs´evTnaTaMgEdlCakusl TaMgCaGkusl nigGBüakt£ Edl RbRBwtþeTAehIykñúgckçúTVarCaedIm tamvtSú ( TItaMg ) EdlRsedogmata dU cCaeQμ a¼ ( rbs´ kUn ) tammata kñúgBaküTaMgLaymanCaGaT× fa sarIbuRt ( kUnnagsarI ) mnþanIbuRt ( kUnnagmnþanI ) eRBa¼mkehIykñúg KmI<rviPg: y¨agen¼fa evTnaekItGMBIckçúsmösß Cakuslk¾man CaGkusl k¾man

CaGBüaRkitk¾man

manGtSfa

kñúgBakümanCaGaT×fa

evTnaEdlekIteLIg

sm¢sßCaevTna

kñúgRKb´TVar

ckçúsmösßCaevTnaen¼

eRBa¼ckçúsm¢sßCaehtu

manesat£CaedImk¾TMngen¼

eQμa¼fa .

ckçú

en¼Cakfa

EdleBaledaykarse®g:a¼cUlKñaRKb´ya¨gkñúgevTnavar£en¼ dUecñ¼ .

Etfa evTna Kb,IRCabedayevTna Edlsm,yutþedayFm’TaMgen¼ KW kñúgckçúTVarCaviákviBaØaN 2 dYg menaFatu 2 dYg menaviBaØaNFatu 3 dYg . kñúgesatTVarCaedIm k¾TMngen¼ . cMENkmenaTVar Kb,Iyl´fa CaevTna Edlsm,yutþCamYynwgmenaviBaØaNFatu . k¾kñúgBaküfa psßsmuTya en¼ Kb,IRCabvinicä&ykñúgTVarTaMg 5 evTnaGaRs&yvtSúTaMg 5 mankarekIteLIgeRBa¼ckçúsmösß EdlekIteLIg

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-68- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 rYmKñaCaedImekIteLIg . ckçúsmösßCaedIm eTIbCabc©&yrbs´evTnad¾ess TaMgLayedayPaBCa«bnisßyb,c©&yCaedIm evTnakñúgtTalm<NxN£ kñ ú gmenaTV ar

ni g evTnakñ úgbdi sn§i xN£

Pvg: xN£

ni gcu ti x N£Edl

RbRBwtþeTAkñúgTVarTaMg 6 mankarekIteLIg eRBa¼karekIteLIgénmenasmösß EdlekIteLIgrYmKña . Baküd¾ess mann&ydUcEdleBalmkehIyena¼ Ég .

(

cb; kfaBN’naevTnavar³ )

3

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-69- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ kfaBN’na psßvar£ [123]

Kb,IRCabvinic&äykñúgpsßvar£ ( teTA ) ½

psߣkñúgckçú eQμa¼fa ckçúsmösß . kñúgRKb´TVar k¾TMngen¼ . ehIyedayBaküRtwmEtb¨ueNѼfa ckçúsmöesßa .eb. kaysmöesßa Ca karEdlRB¼efr£ áneBaldl´smösߣTaMg 10 manvtSú 5 TaMgEdlCa kuslviák nigGkuslviák . edayBaküfa

menasmöesßa

en¼ CakarEdlRB¼efr£áneBal

dl´psߣ Edlsm,yutþCamYynwgelakiyviákd¾ess 22 y¨ag . bTfa

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eRBa¼Gayt£ 6 y¨ag

manckçúCaedIm ekIteLIg psߣsUm,ITaMg 6 y¨agen¼ k¾mankarekIteLIg Edr . Baküd¾essmann&ydUceBalmkehIyena¼Ég .

(

cb; kfaBN’napsSvar³

)

3

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-70- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 kfaBN’na sLaytnvar£ [124] Kb,IRCabvinicä&ykñúgsLaytn£var£ ( teTA ) fa Gaytn£ TaMgGs´EdlKYrnwgeBalkñúgBaküTaMgLaymanCaGaT×fa ckçaytnM man n&ydUcEdláneBalTukehIykñúgxn§nieTÞs nigGaytnnieTÞskñúgKm<IrvisuT§imK:ena¼Ég .

Etfa kñúgBaküfa namrUbsmuTya en¼ GñksikßaKb,IRCab kar ekIteLIgénsLaytn£

eRBa¼namrUbekIt

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Baküd¾ess manRbkardUcEdleBalmkehIyena¼Ég .

( cb´ kfaBN’nasLaytn£ )

3

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-71- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ kfaBN’na namrUbvar£ [125] Kb,IRCabvinicä&ykñúgnamrUbvar£ ( teTA ) ½ nam mankarbegðaneTACalkçN£ . rUb mankarEbkFøayeTACa lkçN£ .

Etfa kñúgvar£énvitSarn&yrbs´namrUbena¼ Kb,IRCabfa evTna

ándl´ evTnaxn§ sBaØa ándl´ sBaØaxn§ ectna psߣ mnsikar£ ándl´ sgç arkç n§ . sU m,I manBYkFm’y ¨a gdéT Edlse®g: a¼cU l kñ ú g sgçarkçn§k¾Bit

EtFm’

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manenAkñúgcitþEdlmankmøaMgexßay

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Baküfa ctþari kñúgBaküfa ctþari mhaPUtani en¼ CakarkMNt´kar rab´ ( CacMnYnrab´ ) .

Baküfa mhaPUtani CaeQμa¼rbs´dI Twk ePøIg xül´ EtehtuEdl naM[ehAvtSúTaMg 4 ena¼fa mhaPUt nign&yénkarvinicä&yy¨agdéT kñúgnamrUb en¼TaMgGs´ áneBalTukehIykñúgnieTÞsénrUbkçn§ kñúgKm<IrvisuT§imK: . cMENkBaküfa ctunñM kñúgBaküfa ctunñBa© mhaPUtanM «áTay Ca qdæIviPtþi eRbIkñúgGtSénTutiyaviPtþi manGFib,ayfa GaRs&ynUvmhaPUtrUb TaMg 4 . bTfa «áTay esckþIfa cUleTAetag KW cab´Tuk . GacarüBYk xø¼eBalfa nisßay ( GaRs&y ) k¾man .

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-72- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 k¾s&BÞfa vtþmanM en¼ Caáz£EdlelIs . mü¨ageTot Baküfa vtþmanM en¼ CaqdæIviPtþi eRbIkñúgGtSfa CMnMu eRBa¼ehtuena¼ Kb,IRCab GtSaFib,ayen¼fa rUbEdlGaRs&ykarCMnMumhaPUtrUbTaMg 4 RbRBwtþeTA . kalebIy¨agen¼ sUm,IkñúgTIRKb´kEnøg mhaPUtrUb 4 manbzvICa edIm nig rUb 23 y¨ag EdlGaRs&ymhaPUtrUb 4 RbRBwtþeTA Edl Rtas´TukkñúgRB¼álIena¼Ég kñúgKm<IrGPiFmμ edayEckRbePTCa ckçaytnM CaedIm sUm,ITaMgGs´Kb,IRCabfa eQμa¼fa rUb . k¾kñúgBaküfa viBaØaNsmuTya en¼ viBaØaNNaCabc©&yrbs´nam ( Etmü¨ag ) pg rbs´rUbsuT§ ( Etmü¨ag ) pg TaMgCabc©&ydl´nam nig rUbpg eRBa¼dUecña¼ edayGMNacénnam énrUb nigTaMgnam TaMgrUbEdl manviBaØaNCabc©&yena¼ viBaØaNekIteLIg

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b,aT kñúgKm<IrvisuT§imK:ena¼cu¼ kñúgBaküd¾ess mann&ydUcEdleBalmk ehIyena¼Ég dUecñ¼Ég .

(

cb; kfaBN’nanamrUbvar³ )

3

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-73- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ kfaBN’na viBaØaNvar£ [126] Kb,IRCabvinicä&y kñúgviBaØaNvar£ ( teTA ) ½ viBaØaNkñúgckçú eQμa¼fa ckçúviBaØaN mü¨ageTot viBaØaNEdlekIt eLIgehIyGMBIckçú eRBa¼dUecña¼ eTIbeQμa¼fa ckçúviBaØaN esatviBaØaN XanviBaØaN CIvHaviBaØaN nigkayviBaØaN k¾y¨agen¼dUcKña . EtviBaØaN en¼ ándl´ mena ena¼Ég eRBa¼dUecña¼ eTIbeQμa¼fa menaviBaØaN .

Baküfa menaviBaØaNen¼ CaeQμa¼rbs´viákcitþEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmi 3 evorTVibBa©viBaØaN .

EtkñúgBaküfa sgçarsmuTya en¼ GñksikßaKb,IRCabkarekIteLIg énviBaØaN eRBa¼sgçarekIt tamn&yEdláneBalTukehIykñúgKm<IrvisuT§imK:ena¼Ég edayviBaØaNEdlmansgçarCabc©&y . Baküd¾ess mann&y dUceBalehIyena¼Ég dUec©¼Ég .

(

cb; kfaBN’naviBaØaNvar³ )

3

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-74- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 kfaBN’na sgçarvar£ [127] Kb,IRCabvinicä&y kñúgsgçarvar£ ( teTA ) ½ sgçar mankartak´EtgCalkçN£ . Etfakñúgvar£énvitSarn&yrbs´ sgçarena¼ sgçarEdlRbRBwtþehIytamkayTVar eQμa¼fa kaysgçar .

Baküfa kaysgçar en¼ CaeQμa¼rbs´kayseBa©tna 20 dYg KW EdlenAkñúgmhakusl 8 dYg nigGkusl 12 dYg EdlRbRBwtþeTA edaykarkeRmIkkayTVar .

Baküfa vcIsgçar en¼ CaeQμa¼rbs´vcIseBa©tna 20 dYg dUcKña EdlRbRBwtþeTAehIyedaykarkeRmIkvacakñúgvcITVar . sgçar EdlRbRBwtþehIytammenaTVar eQμa¼fa citþsgçar Baküfa citþsgçar en¼ CaeQμa¼rbs´menaseBa©tna 29 dYg edayelakiykusl nig elakiyGkuslEdlRbRBwtþeTAehIy ( ekIteLIg ) dl´GñkGg:úy KitenAkñúgTIkMáMg edaymináneFVIkarkeRmIkkay nigvaca . k¾kñúgBaküfa GviC¢asmuTya

en¼

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eday«bnisßyb,c©&yxø¼

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c©&yCaedImxø¼ Baküd¾essmann&ydUcEdleBalmkehIyena¼Ég . (

cb; kfaBN’nasgçarvar³ )

3

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-75- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ kfaBN’na GviC¢avar£ [128-129] Kb,IRCabvinicä&ykñúgGviC¢avar£ ( teTA ) ½ karmindwgTukçsc© eQμa¼fa karmindwgTukç . Baküfa TuekçGBaØaNM en¼ CaeQμa¼rbs´emah£ . kñúgBaküTaMgLaymanCaGaT×fa smuTey GBaØaNMM k¾¾mann&ydUecñ¼Edr . kñúgcMnYnsc©£TaMg 4 ena¼ karmindwgTukç Kb,IRCabánedayehtu 4 Rbkar KW ¼-edaykarjúaMgcu¼kan´xagkñúg 1 -edayzan³ ( TItaMg ) 1 -edayGarmμN_ 1 -edaykarbiTáMgTuk 1 BitNas´ karmindwgTukçena¼ eQμa¼fa júaMgcu¼kan´kñúgxagkúñgTukç eRBa¼se®g:a¼cUlkñúgTukçsc©£ / Tukçsc©£ eQμa¼fa Cazan³ ( TItaMg ) eRBa¼Canisßyb,c©&yénkarmindwgTukçena¼ / eQμa¼fa CaGarmμN_ eRBa¼Ca GarmμNb,c©&y ( énkarmindwgTukçena¼ ) nigTukçsc©£ rEmgbiTáMgkarmin dwgTukçena¼Tuk . kñúgGFikarénGviC¢avar£ karmindwgsmuTy£ Kb,Idwgánedayehtu 3 Rbkar KW ¼-edayzan³ 1

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-76- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 -edayGarmμN_ 1 -edaykarbiTáMg 1 eRBa¼smuTyena¼ raraMgkarcak´Føú¼lkçN£tamesckþIBit nigeRBa¼ minRbKl´[nUvkarRbRBwtþeTAénjaN . karmindwgnieraF nigbdibTa Kb,I RCabánedayehtuEtmYyb¨ueNÑa¼ KW edaykarbiTáMgTuk . k¾karmindwg EdlbiTáMgTuk

.

k¾karmindwgEdlbiTáMgnieraF

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ena¼eT

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GFib,ayfa sc©£ 2 xageRkay eXIjánlMák eRBa¼RCal eRCA EtkñúgerOgen¼

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-77- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ GviC¢aTuk edaykarse®g:a¼cUlCamYyKña TaMgedayzan³ ( TItaMg ) eday GarmμN_ nigedaykic© . edayBaküRtwmEtb¨ueNѼfa

TukçsmuTey

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zan£ ( TItaMg ) edayrmμN£ nigedaykic© . edayBaküRtwmEtbu¨eNѼfa TukçnieraeF TukçnieraFKaminiya bdibTay elaksEmþgTuk edaykic© . EtebIeBaledaysrubehIy GviC¢aKb,IRCab fa elaksEmþgTukedaysPav£ edayBaküfa GjaNM en¼ k¾kamasv£ Pvasv£ kñúgBaküfa GasvsmuTya en¼ Cabc©&yénGviC¢aedayGMNac énshCatb,c©&yCaedIm . GviC¢asv£ Kb,IRCabfa k¾GviC¢aEdlekIteLIg mun Cabc© &y énGviC¢aEdlekI teRkay@ eday«bnis ßyb,c© & yena¼Ég eQμa¼fa GviC¢asv£ kñúgBaküfa GasvsmuTya en¼ . nwgCa«bnisßyb,c©&yénGviC¢a

GviC¢asv³ena¼

EdlekIteLIgkñúgkaltmk

.

Baküd¾

essmann&ydUcEdleBalmkehIyena¼Ég dUecñ¼ .

(

cb; kfaBN’naGviC¢avar³ )

3

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-78- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 kfaBN’na Gasvvar£ [130]

Kb,IRCabvinicä&y kñúgGasv£ ( teTA ) ½

GviC¢akñúgBaküfa GviC¢asmuTya en¼ Cabc©&yedayshCatb,c©&yCaedIm énkamasv£ nigPvasv£ ehIyCabc©&yénGviC¢asv£ eday «bnisyb,c©&yena¼Ég EtkñúgBaküfa GviC¢asmuTya en¼ GviC¢aEdl ekIteLIgkñúgkalt@

mk

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kñúgbTbdic©smub,aTTaMgLay

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eBalTuky¨agen¼ EdlseRmcdl´sgßarvdþminmanTIbMputxagedIm Edl KμannrNa Gacdwgán . sYrfa mindwgy¨agNa ? eqøIyfa ( mindwgy¨agen¼KW ) eRBa¼fa karekIteLIgénGviC¢a

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-79- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ var£TaMgen¼ KW ½ kmμbfvar£ 1

Gaharvar£ 1

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rUm 16 var£ RB¼efr£áneBalTukehIykñúgRB¼sURten¼ dUcEdl BN’namken¼ . eRBa¼kñúgcMnYnvar£TaMg 16 var£ena¼ mYyvar£ @ elaksEmþgTuk 2 y¨ag edaysegçb nigBisþar eTIbCa 32 sSan . edayehtudUecñ¼ kñúgRB¼sURten¼ eTIbCakarEdlRB¼efr£áneBalsc©³ Tuk 4 y¨ag kñúg 22 sSanen¼ .

RB¼efr£áneBalGrhtþTuk kñúgTI 16 sSan EdleBalTukehIy edayBisþar kñúgbNþay¨agsegçb nigy¨agBisþarena¼Ég . Ettammti rbs´RB¼efr£ elakáneBaldl´sc©£TaMg 4 nig mK: TaMg 4 Tukkñúg 32 sSanb¨ueNÑa¼ eRBa¼ehtudUcEdleBalmkehIyen¼Ég kñúgRB¼BuT§vcn£

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-80- Gdækfa smμaTidæisURt TI 9 EdlRB¼Fmμsg:ahkacarüánrYbrYmTukkñúgnikayFMTaMg 5 nikay TaMgGs´ eTIbminmansURtEdlRbkassc©£ 4 y¨ag Tukdl´ 32 dg nigRbkas GrhtþTukdl´ 32 dg eRkAGMBIsmμaTidæisURten¼Ég .

Baküfa

}Tmevacaysμa

saribuetþa

manesckþIfa

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áneBalsmμaTidæisURten¼ eBareBjeTAedayehtu 64 y¨ag KW eday karbriyayGriysc©£ 4 Tuk 32 y¨ag nigbriyayRB¼GrhtþTuk 32 y¨ag .

Pi k ç ú T aM g ena¼ rI k rayeRtkGr Gnu e manaPasi t rbs´ R B¼sarI b u t þ dU e cñ ¼ Ég .

(

cb; GdækfasmμaTidæisURt TI 9

)

3

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-81- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³

Gdækfa stib,dæansURtTI 10 3

[131] stib,dæansURt manBaküGFib,ayfa ¹m©as´ánsþab´ mkehIyy¨ agen¼ .

Baküfa kur u bNþ abTTaMgena¼ bTfa kur Us u vihrti esckIþ fa sU m,I CnbT mY yCaTIenAénraCku marGñ kenAkñúgCnbTeQμa¼fa

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PaKCam© as´ esþcRTg´ Kg´e nA ) kñú gku ruCnbTena¼ .

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sSanEdlCarmNi ydæ and¾ éRkElgCagmnu s ßelaken¼ Edr¦eT ?

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-82- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 bri n aykEkvánRkabTUlfa

bBi RtRB¼mharaC

eTvelakKYr

menarmüCag mhabBiR t .

RB¼raCa eTATI ena¼

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-83- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ man´ beNþay 60 eyaCn_ TTw g 50 eyaCn_ km<s ´ 15 eyaCn_ d¾ T n´elμI y

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eTIbnw g

RákdPaBepßgKñ a . BY keTBþa kaleTAseg;tRB¼Gg: k¾n w gRcLMkñú g

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-84- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 PaBepßgKñ a rvagsk;e TvraC

nigRB¼Gg:

.

RB¼Gg:

kalRTg´ e say

Ti B Vs m,ti þ kñ úg tavti þgßBiPBena¼ RTg´RKb´ RKgeTvraCsm,ti þ rhU tsk; eTvraCesþ c«b,ti þ

ni gcutid l´ eTA

36

RB¼Gg:

k¾ mi n RTg´ E qðteday

kamKu NeLIy lu¼RTg´Føak´ cakeTvelakena¼ehIy k¾ RTg´s iS tenAkñ ú g RB¼raC«Tüanrbs´ RB¼Gg:

manRB¼vrkayRtÚv xül´

ni gkemþA éf¶ b¨¼xÞ b´

eTI bánesayTi v g: t . k¾ kalcRkEkvRbtis æ anelIE pndI brinaykEkv k¾Rbfab´sñamRB¼áTrbs´RB¼áTmn§atuenAnwgEpnmas ehIybegðan fVayraCsm,ti þ fa en¼CaraCsm,tiþrbs´ RB¼áTmn§atu . mnu s ßEdl mkGM B I T V I bTaMg 3 ena¼ minGacnw gRtLb´v iján ánnaMKñacU leTArk brinaykEkv

ehIyRáb´ fa

edayRB¼brmraCanu PaB

eRkamlðgFUl IRB¼áT

}LÚv en¼

minGacnw geTAán

BY k¹RB¼Gg:mk sUmeRkamlð g

FU l I RB¼áT kruNapþl ´T I l M enAdl´B Y k¹RB¼Gg:pgcu ¼ . brin aykEkv ánRbKl´ CnbT [dl´e KTaMgena¼ edIm,IRbeyaCn_ d l´ karenA mñ ak´ @ mY y kEnøg . kñúgcMnYnCnbTTaMgena¼ GaRs& yenA

ánnamfa

tMbn´EdlmanmnusßmkGMBIbuBVvieThTVIb

vie Thrdæ

tameQμ a¼cas´ena¼Ég

EdlmanmnusßmkGMBIGmreKayanTVIbGaRs&yenA

ánnamfa

.

tMbn´ Gbrnþ-

CnbT . tM bn´ E dlmanmnus ßmkGM B I « tþrku ruTV IbGaRs& yenA ánnam fa kur u rdæ . Etmnu s ßTaM gLayehAedayBhuv cn£ edaysMedAdl´ Rsú k ni g ni K mcM n Y n eRcI n eRBa¼ehtu d U c EdleBalmkehI y en¼ eTI b

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-85- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ RB¼GannÞ eBalfa RTg´Kg´ e nAkñ úgEdnku ru T aM gLay ( CaBhu v cn£ ) dU e cñ ¼ .

TImkénBaküfa kmμasFmμ kñ ú gbTfa

kmμasFmμM

kñúgbNþaBaküfa

kmμasFmM μ

namkur Un M

niKema en¼ GacarüBYkxø¼ eBalGtS aFi b,ayesckI þ e day ( pøas´ ) F Ca

T

.

sSanTI E dleQμ a¼fa

kmμasFmμ

eRBa¼CakEnøgRtÚ vTU nμ an

mnu s ßmaneCI g BBal . RB¼áTeáris aT EdlmanRB¼áTBBal eK ehAfa kmμa s ( RB¼Gg:m© as´B Bal ) . tM Nalmkfa

dMe ÁekItRtg´ RB¼áTkñ ú gTIE dlRtÚv Kl´eQIcak´

du ¼ eLI gRsedogeQI manqñÚ t

eRBa¼dUe cña ¼

eTIbRákdfa

manRB¼áT

BBal . ehI ykñú g{kasena¼ RB¼Gg:RtÚ v TUnμ an ehI yRtÚv hamcak PaBCamnusßsu I mnus ß . nrNa TU nμ an ?

RB¼brmeBaFi s tV . sY rfa kñ úgCatkGV I ? eqI ø yfa RB¼efr£mY yBYk ( Gagfamanmk ) kñúg sut þe samCatk

.

Bi tNas´

bu ¨ E nþ RB¼efr£TaM gen¼Ráb´fa RB¼brmeBaFi s tV

manmkkñ úg

CyTisCatk

.

RTg´á nTUn μanRB¼áTeári s aTEdlman

RB¼áTBBal . dU cEdlelakeBalTukfa ½

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-86- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 kaleyIgCaRB¼brm{rsaFiraénRB¼áTCyTis Edl CaraCaFibtIé nbBa©alrdæ raCbit aehIy

mü¨a geTot

ánl¼bg´C Iv it

bþ ÚrykRB¼

eyIgáneFVI[RB¼áTeári-

saT EdlmanRB¼áTBBal RC¼fø a ehIy dUe cña ¼ .

EtGacarüxø ¼

GtS aFi b,ayeday

F

Gkßr

Etmü¨ag

.

dUcEdl

tM NalmkfaGñ k kur u rdæ manTMenomTmø ab´ RbcaMku rurdæ EtekItkarBRBú ¼ BBaleLIgkñ ú gFmμ T Me nomena¼ eRBa¼dUe cña¼ TIE dlBRBú¼BBalena¼ eTIb RtÚv ehAfa kmμasFmμ eRBa¼manFm’ KW karBRBú¼BBalekI teLIg . sY r fa

ehtu d U c emþ c

eTI b elakmi n eBaleQμ a ¼ni K mEdlenA

GaRs&yKñaen¼bu¨eNÑa¼ TukedaystþmIviPtiþkñúgBaküfa kmμasFmμ ena¼ ? eqI ø yfa eRBa¼ ( RB¼manRB¼PaK ) mi n man{kasEdlnw gKg´ Rbfab´ . ánRCabfa minmanviharGVIEdlCa{kas[RB¼manRB¼PaK RTg´ Rbfab´kñ ú gni Kmena¼eLIy

.

Etq¶ayBI ni KmeTA

manéRBsNÐ £ FM

kñ ú gPU mi PaKmY y kEnø g sm,Ú N’ edayTw k CarmNi ydæ an . RB¼manRB¼PaK

esþ cRbfab´Rtg´ m haéRBsNУ ena¼

RTg´ ykniKmena¼

Ca

eKacrRKam ( Rsú kTTYl bi NÐát ) . eRBa¼dU e cña¼ Kb,IRCabesckIþ kñúgerOgen¼fa Gñ kku ru

RB¼manRB¼PaKesþcRbfab´enAEdnkuru

EdleQμa¼

kmμasFmμ

CaeKacrRKam

.

RTg´ykniKmrbs´ Kb,I RCabvi nicä &y

kñ ú gBaküfa Ékayena GyM Pik çev meK:a dUcteTAen¼ ½

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-87- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ ehtudUcemþc eTIbRtas´stib,dæansURtenAkñúgkururdæ [132]

sYrfaehtu

dU c emþcRB¼manRB¼PaK

eTIbánRtas´ RB¼

sU Rten¼ enAkñ ú g Ednku ru rdæ e na¼ ? eqIøyfa eRBa¼GñkkuruGacnwgTTYlykRB¼FmμeTsnad¾RCaleRCA án . ánRCabfa Pi kç ú Pikçú nI «ásk nig«ásikaTaMgLay Gñk Ednkuru rdæ

CaGñ kmanragkay

ni gcitþsb,ayCanic©

edayGMNacén

bc© & y KW rdU vCaTIsb,ay eRBa¼rdæe na¼sm,Ú redaybc©&y KW rdUv . mnu s ßTaM gena¼man kmøaM g bBaØ aEdlGaRs& ykarsb,ayci tþ nigragkayGnu eRKa¼ehI y ni gCaGñ kGacTTYl ( sþ ab´ ) Baküd¾RCaleRCA án . eRBa¼dU e cñ a¼ RB¼manRB¼PaKkal RTg´B icarNaeXIjfa mnusß TaM gena¼Gacnw gTTYl ( sþ ab´ ) RB¼Fmμ e Tsnad¾RCaleRCAen¼án eTIb ánRtas´ stib,dæ ansU Rt EdlmanGtS d ¾RCaleRCAen¼ edaybMeBj RB¼kmμd æ ancUl kñ úgRB¼Grhtþ kñ úgzan£ 19 y¨ a g . «bmadUcbu rsánRbGb´masehIy bBa©ú ¼p;aeQIRbePTepßg @ Tu kkñú gRbGb´m asena¼ ¦ánhibmasehI y Tukdak´rtn£TaMg 7 ( kñú g ena¼ ) y¨ agNa . RB¼manRB¼PaK k¾dUecña¼ lu¼RTg´ánGñkkururdæbris&T eTIbánRTg´sEmþg RB¼Fmμ e Tsnad¾RCaleRCA . edayehtue na¼nu + ¼Ég kñ ú gmCÄi mnikaymU l bNÑa sken¼

RTg´ e TI bánsEmþ g RB¼sU Rt

manxwømsarRCaleRCATukEtmü¨agkñúgTIXnikay

Edl

RTg´ánsEmþgTukmü¨ag

eTot KW mhaniT ansURt 1 mhastib,dæ ansU Rt 1 ( nig ) kñ úgmCÄim-

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-88- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 ni kayen¼ RTg´ á nsEmþgTukmü¨ageTot KW saerabmsURt 1 ruk çÚbmsU Rt 1 rdæá lsU Rt 1 maKnÞiysURt 1 GanBa¢sb,aysU Rt 1 . mü¨ageTot kñ úgCnbTena¼ tamsPaBRbRktI bris & T TaM g 4 naM KñaRbkbesckIþBüayamerOy @ enAkñúgstib,dæ anPavna edayTI bM pu t sUm,IBYkTas£ kmμkr nigbrivarCn k¾niyaycrcaKñaTak´Tgstib,dæan ena¼ . sUm,IEtRtg´kMBg´Twk nigsSanTIrévGMeá¼CMuKñaCaedIm EdleQμa¼ fa karniyayKñ akñ ú gerOg}tRbeyaCn_n wgRbRBwtþ e TA mi n maneLIy . ebI ®sI þNamYyRtÚ vsY rfa GñkEm¨ m©as´ GñkEm¨mnsikarstib,dæ a nPavna RbkarNa ? ehI y eqI øyfa minánmnsi karRbkarNaeLIy . mnus ß TaM gLaynwgti ¼edolfa CI v itrbs´nag}tRbeyaCn_ nagmanCIv i trs´ enAdU cCamnus ßsø ab´ ehIy . eTIbán[{vaTnagfa cab´taM gBI eBl en¼eTA kuMeFVIy¨agen¼eLIy ehIy[eronykstib,dæanRbkarNamYy .

Et ( ebI ) ®sI þNaniyayfa ¹mnsi karstib,dæaneQμa¼ÉeNa¼ . mnu s ßTaM gLay

nwgnaMKña[saFukarfa

edayBaküTaM gLaymanCaGaT×fa

saFu

saFu

CI v itrbs´nag

ehIysresIr

CaCI v itd¾ l ðehI y

nageQμ a¼fa Camnus ßRbesI rehIy RB¼smμ asm<úT §esþc«b,tiþe LIgmk edI m,I RbeyaCn_d l´nag Etmü¨ agbu¨ eNÑ a¼eT

.

k¾ kñ úgerOgen¼

min EmncM eBa¼EtmnusßCati

EdlnaM KñaRbkbmnsi karstib,dæ an

sUm,I E tBYk

stV ti rcä anEdlenAGaRs& y eK k¾mnsi karstib,dæ an kñú gkarmnsikar sti b,dæ anrbs´s tV ena¼ manerOgtM NaldU cteTAen¼ ½

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-89- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ stVeskceRmInstib,dæan tM Nalmkfa Gñ kráMmñak´e dI rcab´ kUn eskmkhwVkhat´ . nag enAGaRs&yPi kç ú nI evlaeTA k¾ eTA ( Etxø Ün ) ePøckUn esk BYksameNrI k¾ cab´ v amkci B a©w mTu k . dak´ eQμa¼[vafa BuT § rki çt£ ( Bu T§rkßa ) . éf¶ mY yRB¼efrI e XI jvaTMenAxagmux eTI behAfa BuT§ rki çt £ . vaeqIøyfa GVIca+ Em¨m©as´ RB¼efrIsYrmanmnsikarPavnaGVIxø¼eT ? bkßI e qI ø yfa mi n maneTEm¨ m©as´ . RB¼efrIniyayafa ÉgeGI y Fmμ ta Gñ kenAkñ ú gsmñ ak´ bBV Ci t mi n KYrnwgrs´e nA edaybeNþayGtþPaBecal ( beNþ ayxø Ü n ) KY rRárB§ mnsi karÉNamYy ehIy ánRáb´f a Et y¨ agdéT Égmin Gac ( eFV Iá n ) cU rsV aFüay ( bri kmμ ) fa Gdiæ

Gdiæ

qw ð g qw ð g . vataMgenAkñ úg{vaTrbs´ RB¼efrI Rtac´ s VaFüayfa Gdæi Gdæi qä wg qð wg . éf¶mYyeBlRBwk vaTMe nAelI cu gssrhalkemþA éf¶ bkßI mY y ánykRkjú aM RkckqabykeTA . vaERsk|sMeLg ecc ecc . sameNrI T aMgLayán|sMe LgERsk

eTI bniyayfa

RB¼Em¨ m© as´

Bu T § rki ç t£ RtÚ v Exø gqabykeTAehIy nageTACYy[vaRBElg ehIynaM Kñ akan´ ykdM ud I C aedIm edjtameTA [vaRBElgTal´ E tán . RB¼efrI sY rva EdleKCY y naM mk TMenAxagmuxfa Bu T§ rki çt£ evlabkßI qabyk eTAÉgKi tdUcemþ c ? vaeqI ø yfa

Gñ kEm¨ m©as´

nag¹minánKi ty¨a gdéTeT

nag¹Ki t

dl´ KM nrqw ð gbu¨ e NÑ a¼ y¨ agen¼fa eRKagqwðgen¼Ég qabykeRKagqwð g eTA

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-90- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 eRKagqw ð gnw gEbkFø ayx© at´x© ayeTA . mi nfasU m,Ikñ úgTI N a . lð ehI y lðe hI y BuT§ rkiç t£ ( karmnsi kary¨ agena¼ ) nwgCa bc©& ydl´ karGs´ eTAénPB

rbs´Gñ kkñúgGnaKt

.

sUm,Is tV ti rcä an

kñ ú gCnbTena¼ k¾ Rbkbmnsi karkñú gstib,dæan dU cEdleBalmkehIy en¼

eRBa¼dU e cñ a¼

sti b,dæanena¼Ég

RB¼manRB¼PaK

kalnwgRTg´j úaMgkarceRmI n kñ úg

[ekI tdl´ e KTaMgena¼

eTI bánRtas´RB¼sU Rten¼

Tu k .

GtSénBaküfa Ékayn bNþ abTTaMgena¼ bTfa Ékayena ERbfa pø ÚvÉk . eRBa¼fa pø Ú v maneQμ a¼eRcI n y¨ag KW mK:a / bnS£ / bf£ / bC¢£ / GBa¢s £ / vdum £ / Gaytn£ / nava / «tþr estU / kul ø£ / Pis i ni g sg;m £ . kñ ú g stib,dæansURt en¼ RB¼Gg:Rtas´ pøÚ ven¼Tu k edayeQμ a¼ fa Gyn£ . eRBa¼dUe cña¼ kñ úgBaküfa Ékayena GyM Pik çev meK:a ( mñ alPikç ú TaMgLay pø Ú ven¼ Capø Úv mUlEtmYy ) en¼ KYryl´ esckþI y¨agen¼fa

mñ a lPi kç úTaM gLay

pø Úv en¼CapøÚv mYy Exß

minEmnCapøÚ v

2

ExßeLIy . mü¨ ageTot pøÚ v EdleQμa¼fa Ékayn£ eRBa¼mnus ßmñak´bu¨eNÑa¼ Kb,I eTA

.

Baküfa

mñak´Ég

KW

KY rl¼bg´karenARcLÚkRcLM e day

BY kKN£ ecosecjeTAkan´TI s ¶at´ dM eNI r eTA KW bdi btþi ( mñak´Ég )

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-91- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ ¦EdleQμ a¼fa Gyn£ eRBa¼Caehtué ndMeNI reTA KW eTAGM B Ivdþ sgßar dl´ RB¼niB V an . pø Ú v edI rrbs´buK:l Ék eQμa¼fa Ékayn£ ándl´

buK:lRbesIrCaTI bMput

.

Baküfa

bu K:l Ék

buK:l EdlRbesI rCaTIbMputCag

sBVs tV KW RB¼manRB¼PaK eRBa¼dUe cña ¼ eTIbmanGFi b,ayfa ándl´ ( pø Úv yag ) rbs´RB¼manRB¼PaK .

Bi tNas´ sU m,I Gñ kdéT k¾ e dIreTAtampøÚv ena¼án EtsU m,Iy ¨ag ena¼k¾eday pøÚvena¼ k¾eQμa¼fa CapøÚvdMeNIrrbs´RB¼manRB¼PaK eRBa¼ RB¼Gg: RTg´sageLI g . dU cEdlelakáneBalTukfa mñ alRBahμN _ Bi tNas´ RB¼manRB¼PaKGg: e na¼ RTg´j ú aMgpøÚv Edlmi nTan´e kIt [ ekI teLIgehIy dUe cñ ¼CaedI m . mü¨ ageTot

EdleQμ a¼fa

Gyn£

eRBa¼eTA

KW

dMeNIr eTA

GFib,ayfa RbRBw tþ eTA . manGFib,ayfa eTAkñ úgTIEtmY y KW RbRBw tþ eTAkñ ú gFmμv i n&y ( sasna ) en¼bu¨eNÑa¼ min EmneTATIdéT . dU cEdl Rtas´ T u k fa

mñ a lsu P TÞ £

Gri y mK: m anGg:

8

EsV g rkánEtkñ ú g

RB¼Fmμ v in &y ( sasna ) en¼Ég . esckþ IB it xøw msarTaMg 2 en¼ epßgKñaRtw mEteTsna ( evahar ) bu¨ eNÑ a ¼ bu ¨E nþ k¾manesckþ IdUcKña . mü¨ageTot EdleQμa¼fa Ékayn£ eRBa¼eTAkan´TisedAEtmYy manGFib,ayfa kñúgxagedIm sUm,InwgRbRBwtþeTAedayn&yénPavnaEdl CaeKalepßgKñ a bu ¨E nþxageRkay k¾n w geTAkan´RB¼niB Va nEtmü¨agena¼Ég

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-92- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 dU cEdlshm,tIRBhμ áneBalTukfa ½ RB¼manRB¼PaK RB¼Gg:RTg´e XIj TIb Mp uténkarGs´eTAénCati RTg´Gnue RKa¼ ( RTg´manRB¼kruNaTiK uN ) RTg´RCabpø Úv eTA kan´T IkEnøgmYy ( RB¼niB Van ) edaypø Úv en¼ Edlmnus ßTaMg LayánFøab´q øg{X£

Gnøg ´T wkmkehIy kMB ugqøg ni gqøg

teTA . bu ¨ E nþ GacarüBY kxø ¼eBalfa

EdleQμa¼fa

Ékayn£

eRBa¼eTA

dl´niBVanmYydg tamn&yénesckþIfa mineTAdl´eRtIy ( KW RB¼niBVan ) dl´ 2 dg . Baküena¼mi nRtw mRtÚv . eRBa¼fa GtS ( esckþ I ) y¨ ag en¼ BüBa¢ n £KY rnw gCay¨ agen¼fa skw Gyena ( mi n Emn Ékayena ) .

EtebIn wgeBalRbkbesckþI y ¨agen¼fa

pøÚ v ena¼

manpø Úv eTAEtmü¨ag

KW

manKti ándl´ mankarRbRBwtþ eTAEtmü¨ ag dUe cñ ¼BüBa¢n£k¾ eRbIán .

EtGtS eRbImin ánTaM g 2 y¨ a g . eRBa¼ehtu GV I ? eRBa¼kñú gTIen¼ RTg´ bMNgykmK:E dlCabu B VP aK .

GFi b,ayfa kñ ú gTI en¼ RB¼Gg:RTg´bMNgykmK:CaTItaMgénsti ( sti b,dæ an ) EdlCacME NkxagedI m RbRBw tþe TAkñ ú gGarmμN_ T aM g 4 mankayCaedI m . mi nEmnmK:EdlCaelaku tþr £ . ehI ymK: E dlCa cM ENkxagedI mena¼ k¾eTAánmin EmnmYydg TaM gmankareTAminEmnEt mY ydg .

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-93- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ sisß nigGacarüsnÞnaKña mü¨ ageTot

sUm,I k almun kñ ú gbTen¼

RB¼mhaefr£TaMg Layk¾

mankarsnÞn amkehIy dU cKña . ( KW ) RB¼éRtbi dkcul ønaKetSr án eBalTu kfa CapøÚv KW stib,dæanEdlCabuB V PaK . bu ¨E nþ Gacarürbs´ elak

KW

RB¼éRtbi d kcu l ø s um netSr

áneBalTu kfa

Cami sßkmK:

( TaMgelakiy£ ni gelakutþr£ ) .

RB¼éRtbid kcu l ønaKetS reBalfa Cabu B V PaK elakm©as´ !

RB¼éRtbi d kcu l ø s um netSr RbEkkfa CamisßkmK: Gavu esa ! kalGacarüeBaldEdlehIydEdleTot sisßk¾enAes¶óm minCMTas´ . ( TaM g 2 nak´ ) k¾eRkakeLIgedaymin vini cä&y[ ( dac´e Rsc ) bBaHa eLIy

.

eRkaymk

eyI gni yayfa

RB¼efr£

Camis ßkmK:

(

CaGacarüeTAkan´ bnÞ b´ gU tTwk TaMgCaelakiymK:

Kitfa

nigTaMgCaela-

ku tþ rmK: ) bu ¨ E nþ Gavu esa cu l ønaKsEmþgfa CapøÚv xagedIm kñ úg bBaH aen¼ nwgmanvinicä&yy¨agNahñ+ eTIbsVaFüayRB¼sURttaMgGMBIedImeTA kMNt´ ( bBaÄb´ ) Rtg´en¼fa eya hi ekaci Pik çúev }em ctþe ra stib,dæ aen ÉvM Paevyü stþ vsßani ( mñ alPikçú T aM g Lay GñkNamY yk¾ e day ceRmI n stib,dæ a nTaMg 4 y¨a gen¼ rhU t 7 qñaM ) dUe cñ¼ elakk¾ d wgfa Fmμ taelakutþrmK: kalekIteLIgehIynw gdMGk´enArhUt 7 qñ aM minman mK:EdlCamisßk£ EdleyIgeBalehIyena¼ minRtwmRtÚveLIy cMENk mK:EdlCabuBVPaK EdlGavuesaculønaKsEmþgehIyena¼ eTIbRtwmRtÚv

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-94- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 eTI b áneTAkñ ú gTI E dlsRmab´Rbkaskñ ú géf¶Fmμs ßvn£ 8 erac . ánRCabfa RB¼efr£kñ úgkalmu neBjci tþ s þ ab´ Fm’ . lu ¼án| sM eLgbu ¨ eNÑa¼ k¾ Ki tfa eyI g ( nw gsþ ab´ ) mun ( nw gsþab´ ) mun ehIy dak´citþs þab´edayesckI þe KarBy¨agxøaMgkø a RB¼cul ønaKetS r

.

kalelakGg: úyelIFmμ asn£

éf¶ e na¼

k¾Cavar£rbs´

cab´piø tehI yeBal

GarmÖbT ( bu B V kfa ) RB¼efr£EdlQrenAeRkayGasn£ ánmankar Ki tfa eyI gGg: ú ykñ ú gTI kMá M g min niyay ( GVI ) . eRBa¼fa RB¼efr£kñúg kalmu nCaGñksþab´ . nw gmin elI kdak´ kareBjci tþ rbs´x øÜ neLIg CaFM Etmü¨ ag eRbóbdUcmnus ßlIá c´ GMe BA dUe cña¼ Rbkan´e htu plmü¨ag . l¼bg´v tS ú E dlmin manehtu plecal eRBa¼dU ecña¼ eTI b RB¼efr£niyay fa Gavue sa cul ø n aK .

RB¼ ( cu l ønaK ) sgß& yfa sMeLgen¼ dUcCasM eLgrbs´ elakGacarü k¾á nbBaÄb´karsEmþgFm’ ehI ysYrfa mankarGVI e lak m© as´ ?

RB¼efr£eqI øyfa Gavu esa cu l ønaK mK:pßME dl¹eBalmkena¼ mi nRtwmRtÚ v eT

bu ¨E nþmK:

KW

stib,dæ anEdlCabu B VPaK

EdlGavue sa

eBalena¼ Rtw mRtÚv ehIy .

RB¼efr£ ( cul ø naK ) Ki tfa Gacarürbs´ e yIgeronbri ytiþTUe TA rhUtcaMRB¼éRtbidkTu kán CasutBuT§ bBaH aen¼enACaGaf’kMá M gsRmab´ Pi kç úRbePTen¼ ( zan£CaGacarü ) Pikç úe nAkMela¼kñ ú gGnaKtnwgsgß& y

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-95- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ bBaH aen¼CaBitRákd

eyI gnwgelI kykRB¼sURtmkGFi b ,aybBaHaen¼

[ánc,as´l as´ . cakKm<Ir bdis mi ÖT amK: buB VPaKstib,dæanmK: elakehAfa ÉkaynmK: . RB¼efr£ánnaMykRB¼sURtmksEmþgfa ½ bNþapø Úv TaM gLay

pøÚvmanGg:

8

RbesIrCaTIb Mp ut

bNþa sc©£ TaMgLay bT KW ( sc©£ ) TaMg 4 RbesIr CaTIb Mp ut bNþaFm’T aMgLay vi raKFm’RbesIrCaTIb Mp ut bNþa stVe CIg

2

TaMgLay

RB¼smμa sm< úT §Cam©as´

RTg´m anbBaØackç ú RbesIrCaTIb Mp ut pø Úv en¼bu¨e NÑa¼ min manpøÚvdéT EdlRbRBwtþeTAedIm,IesckIþbrisuTi§énjaNTsßn£ . GñkTaMgLay cUredIrpøÚvena¼cu¼ EdlCaTIjúaMg mar

nig esnamar[vegVg

.

eRBa¼fa

Gñ kTaMgLay

edIreTAtampø Úv ena¼ehIy nwgeFVIn Uv TIb Mp ut énTuk çá n .

GFib,ay mK: pø Ú v EdleQμa¼fa mK: eRBa¼GtSd Ucemþ c ? eRBa¼GtS fa

Caehtu[dl´ RB¼niB Van

nigeRBa¼GtS fa

Gñ kman

esckI þRtÚv karRB¼niB V an nwgedIreTA . bTfa stþanM vis uT i§ya ( edI m,IesckI þ bris uT i§énstVT aM gLay ) esckIþfa edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl´esckIþbrisuTi§énstVTaMgLay Gñkmancitþ esAhμ gehIy eRBa¼mni Þ l TaM gLay

manraK£CaedIm

nigeRBa¼«bki ;-

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-96- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 elsTaM gLay manGPiCÄavismelaP£CaedI m .

Bi tNas´ k¾s tVT aMgen¼ KW RB¼smμa sm<úT§ Cam©as´ cM nY neRcI n RB¼Gg:

cab´e pþI mGMB I RB¼BuT§ Cam© as´RTg´ RB¼namfa

srNg;r

TIbg;r

tNHg ; r

emFg;r

Edlesþcán«b,tþ iehI ykñ ú gkb,mY yCamYyKñ aena¼

Ég . mu n GMB Ikb,en¼eTA 4 Gsegçyü kéRmmYyEsnkb, rhU tdl´ RB¼skümunI

CaTIbM pu tkþ I

RB¼bec©k sm< úT § Cam©as´

eRcInryRB¼Gg:kþ I

RB¼Griy savk Edlrab´minánRbmaNminRtÚv kþ I RTg´á nbENþt ni g bnßat´mnÞilrbs´citþTaMgmUlehIy RTg´seRmc nigseRmcPaBbrisuT§i d¾ kM B Ul k¾edaypø Ú ven¼ . b¨u Enþe dayGMNacénmnÞilrbs´rU b nwgmi n mankarbBaØtþ i karesAhμg ni g PaBpU rpg´e LIy

.

Bi tNas´ RB¼mha¬sI ( RB¼Bu T §Cam©as´ ) mi nánRtas´Tukfa maNB ( bu K: l ) TaMgLayesAhμ g eRBa¼rUb esAhμ g bri s u T§e RBa¼ rU bbri s uT § bu ¨E nþRB¼mha¬sIánRtas´T uky¨ agen¼fa maNB ( bu K: l ) TaM gLayesμ Ahμ g eRBa¼ci tþe sAhμg bris uT§ eRBa¼citþ bris uT § . dUcEdlRB¼Gg:ánRtas´Tukfa mñalPikçúTaMgLay stVTaMgLay esAhμ g

eRBa¼ci tþ esAhμ g

pU rpg´ rbs´citþena¼

/

pUrpg´

manáneRBa¼pø Úv

eRBa¼citþpUrpg´ KW

.

ehI yPaB

stib,dæanen¼Ég .

eRBa¼

ehtuena¼ RB¼Gg:eTIbRtas´Tukfa edIm,IesckþIbrisuT§iénstVTaMgLay . bTfa esakbrie TvanM smtik ;may ( edI m,Il¼bg´ nU vesckþ I esak nigesckþ I x ßw kxßÜl TaM gLay ) esckIþ f a edIm,I rM gab´ GFib,ay

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-97- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ fa edIm,I l ¼bg´ nUvesckI þe sak ni gesckI þx ßwkxßÜl TaM gLay . eRBa¼fa

mK:e n¼

buK:lGb´ rMehIy

RbRBwtþe TAedIm,I l ¼bg´ nU v

esckþ IesakesA ( rbs´s tVT aMgLayán ) dU csnþ timhamatüCaedIm nw gl¼bg´n U vesckþ Ixßw kxßÜ l ( rbs´s tVT aM gLay ) án dUcbdacarefrI C aedI m . eRBa¼ehtu ena¼ RB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´ eTI bRtas´T u kfa esakbrieTvanM

smtik ;may

(

edIm,I Q anknøgnUv esckþI esak

nig

bri e Tv£TaM gLay ) . esckþ IB i t snþ ti mhamatü sUm,In wgánsþab´ RB¼Kafaen¼fa ½ GñkcU reFV Iesckþ Ie sakkñúgkalmun ( esakmanGarmμN _ CaGtIt ) [rIgs¶ÜteTA

GñkkuMmanesckþIkgVl ´c it þk ñú g

kalCaxageRkayeLIy ( minkgVl ´c MeBa¼GarmμN _Ca GnaKt

)

ebIG ñkmin Rbkan´ c MeBa¼Fm’CakNþa l

KW

bc©ú b,nñ GñknwgCabuK :l s¶b ´Rtac´e TA dUe cñ¼ . snþti mhamatü ánseRmcRB¼GrhtþRBmedaybdis mi ÖT a .

RB¼nagbdacaraefrI ánsþ ab´RB¼Kafaen¼fa ½ manbut þT ukedIm,IC Yyk¾m in án

bit ak¾m in án

BYkjati

k¾m in án kalesckI þs øab´R Kbsg;t ´e hIy jatiT aMg Layk¾C Yymin án . ehIyántaMgenAkñúgesatabtiþpl pgEdr . bu¨Enþfa eRBa¼Edl eQμa¼fa Pavna ehI y nwgmi n Tak´TgCamY yFm’ÉNanImYykñ ú g kay /

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-98- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 evTna / cit þ / Fm’ minman eRBa¼dUe cñ a¼ sU m,IGñ kTaM g 2 ena¼ k¾RtÚv RCabpgfa karQanknøg esak£ brie Tv£ eTAánena¼ eRBa¼mK: en¼ dU cKñ a . bTfa TukçeTamnsßanM GtSg:may ( edIm,IrMgab´nUvTukçTaMgLay ) esckI þfa edI m,IrM gab´ GFi b,ayfa edIm,IrMl t´nUvTukç T aMg 2 y¨agen¼ KW Tuk çp ø Úvkay 1 eTamnsßpø Úv cit þ 1 . edayfa mK:e n¼ buK:l Gb´ rM ehI y rbs´

nwgRbRBw tþ e TAedIm,I rM l t´ nUv Tukçé nstVT aMgLay RB¼tis ßetS r

CaedI m

dUcesckI þTu kç

ni gedIm,I rMl t´eTamnsßénstV T aM gLay

dUceTamnsßrbs´s k; eTvraCCaedI m

.

kñúgerOgena¼

mankarsEmþ g

esckI þ d U cteTAen¼ ½

RB¼efr£Kb´bMák´eCIg tM Nalmkfa kñ úgRkúgsavtI S bu Rtrbs´ ku du m< IeQμ a¼ tis ߣ l¼ bg´ n U v RTBüsm,ti þ 40 ekadi ecjbYs enAEtmñak´ Égkñ ú géRB minman pÞ ¼ . Pri yarbs´bð ÚnRbús elakánbBa¢Ú necar 500 nak´ eTAsmø ab´ elakecal BYkecaráneLamB&T§RB¼efr£ RB¼efr£sYrfa «ásknaM Kñ amkeFV I GV I ? ecar Ráb´fa BY k¹nwg smøab´elakÉghw ñgNa+ . RB¼ efr£sM u GgV rfa

«áskTaM gLay

cU rkan´ykxøÜnGatμ aPaBTukCaeRKÓg

Fana ehI y[CÍ v i tdl´Gatμ amYyyb´e n¼cu ¼ .

BY kecarsY rfa smN£ nrNanwgCaGñkRákdRbCa[elakenA

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-99- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ kñ úgTI e n¼ ?

RB¼efr£ k¾cab´dMufμmYydMuFM Kb´qwðgsμgeCIgTaMgBIr[ák´ rYceBal fa «áskeGI y mnusßEdlRtÚv eKcab´ykTukCafñ Úr ( mñ ak´e n¼ ) sm KY r ( ¦eT ) ? BY kecark¾ n aM Kñ aecosecjeTA bg; at´ e PI ø g edkenARtg´ xagedI mpø Úv c®g; m ( rbs´e lak ) . kalRB¼efr£RKbsg;t´evTnaTukehIy

BicarNasIl

eRBa¼

GaRs& ysIl d¾bris u T i§ bI ti nigáemaC¢ £ eTI b ekI teLIg lM dab´ tGMB I ena¼ elakk¾ceRmInvibsßna bMeBjsmNFm’rhUteBjmYyyb´ RKb´ yamTaM gbI lu ¼Gru Nr¼eLI g k¾ánseRmcGrhtþ ánbnWø«Tanfa ½ eyIgKb´eCIgTaMgBIr

CakarTb´s;at´cMeBa¼ecarTaMgLay

eyIgeGonxμa scMe Ba¼esckIþs øab´ TaMgEdlenAmanraK£ eyIgKity¨agen¼ehIy dl´e BlGruNr¼

k¾e XIjc,as´tamesckI þB it

eyIgk¾e bIknUv rnaMg

dl´n Uv karGs´

kie lsBM um anesssl´ .

Pik çúánseRmcRB¼Grhtþkñúgmat´x øa Pi kç ú 30 Gg: eronkmμdæ ankñ ú g smñak´RB¼manRB¼PaKCam© as´ án caM v sßakñ ú gGrBaØ v ih ar

ni gsnüaKñ afa

eyI gKY reFV Is mNFm’ e BjmY y

yb´ kñ ú gyamTaM gbI eyIgmin KYrmkkan´s mñ ak´ rbs´Kña ni gKña rYcehI y PikçúTaMg 30 Gg:

k¾enAkEnøgepßg @ Kña . kalPikçúTaMgena¼eFVIsmN-

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-100- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 Fm’ eBlCitPø Wk¾ egakgk´ l k´ mindw gxøÜ n xø aFM mYy k¾ mkcab´ Pi kç ú e TAsI uCa Gahar mþ gmY yGg: @ Pi kçú Na @ k¾ mi nánERsk sUm,IRKan´ Etvacafa xø acab´ ¹ ehIy k¾Gt´Edr .

Pi kç ú RtÚv xø acab´ s I uGs´ «eásf

Pi kç ú d¾ e ss

15

Gg:

edayGakary¨ agen¼

ánnimnþmkCY bCM u Kña

dl´ éf¶

lu¼dw gerOgehIy

k¾ án

Ráb´Kñafa Gg:NaRtÚvxøacab´ KYrRáb´Kña ehIyk¾enAepßgKñadUcmuneTot . eRkaymk ERskfa

xøak¾ cab´Pikçú kMe la¼mYyGg: rebobdU cmun

xøacab´ ¹kru NaehIyTan

Kb´ e PI ø gedjtam

edayKi tfa

elakk¾

Pi kçú T aM gLayk¾kan´ eQI Rct´

[xøavaRBElgelakmkvij

nig

b¨u Enþ xøava

ánelateLI geTAkan´T I dac´ mY yénPM ñ EdlPikç úT aM gLayminGactameTA án ehIy vak¾ cab´ e pI þ msu I Pikç ú ena¼ cab´ B I RmameCIgeLIgeTA .

PikçúTaMgLayEdltamxøaeTAena¼

k¾ánRtwmEteBalfa sb,úrs

}LÚven¼ kic©EdlBYkeyIgnwgRtÚveFVIminmaneLIy EdleQμa¼fa esckIþ Bi essrbs´ Pi kç ú T aM gLay rEmgRákdkñ úgzan£ dU e cñ ¼ .

PikçúkMela¼EdlRtÚvxøaxaMsIuena¼ enAkñúgmat´xøa xMRbwgGt´RTaMcMeBa¼ Tu kç evTna ehIyceRmIn vi b sßna eBlxø asu Idl´keCI g ánCaRB¼esatabnñ

eBlsu Id l´ k,alCg:g´

ánCaRB¼skTaKamI

eBlxøasuI dl´

eBa¼rbs´ elak k¾ánCaRB¼GnaKamI eBlxøasuI Citdl´e b¼dUg elakk¾ ánseRmcnU v RB¼Grhtþ RBmedaybdi s miÖTa eTIbbnW ø«TandU e cñ ¼fa ½ eyIgmansIl

dl´R Bmedayvtþ

manbBaØa

mancit þ

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-101- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ tm;l ´e sI μl ðe hIy GaRs&y esckI þRbmaTmYy EPøt TaMg EdlmancitþminKitRbTUsþcMeBa¼xøa

vak¾cab´TukkñúgRkjaM

Rkck ehIy naMeTAkan´e lIE pnfμ xøasu Ie yIgdl´q wðg nig srés eTAtamesckI þRáfñarbs´v a y¨agNa k¾e day eyIgnwgeFV Ik ie ls[Gs´e TA

nwg ánBal´RtÚv nUv vim ut iþ

KW karrYccakTuk ç .

erOgRB¼efr£EdlRtÚv cak´edaylME Bg ánseRmcRB¼Grhtþ Pi kç ú mYyGg: eTot RB¼nam bIt imløe tSr kalEdlenACaRKhsS ena¼

elakánTg´ mkkan´e ka¼lg;a

elakrEmgcU l eTAKal´RB¼raCa

rhU tbI rC¢ kalmkehIy TTYlánnU vRB¼raCanu eRKa¼ . éf¶mYyelakáneFVIdMeNIreTAkan´TVarsala EdlmankEnøgGg:úy RkaledaykenÞ l ánsþ ab´ ntum Ha kvtþ kñ ú gsM yu tþni kay xn§ v arvK: ( ntum HakM fa mñ alPi kçúT aM gLay rUbmi nEmnCarbs´ GñkTaM gLay Gñ k TaMgLaycUrl¼bg´nUvrUbena¼ecj rUbena¼ EdlGñkTaMgLayl¼bg´án ehI y nw gRbRBw tþ e TAedIm,IRbeyaCn_ edI m,Ie sckI þ s ux dl´GñkTaMgLay Gs´ k alCaGEgV g . elakánKitfa

minEmncM e Ba¼EtrUbbu¨e NÑa¼eT

evTnak¾ min Emn

Carbs´ x ø Ü n Edr elakeFV I á lI e na¼[CaeKalehI y ecjeTAkan´ m ha

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-102- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 vihar

sUmbBVC¢a«bsm,Ta

elakeFVImatikaTaMgBIr[CaTItaMgy¨agsÞat´

CM naj ² rUb M ntum Ha kM evTna ntum HakM ³ ehIy ánnaM Pi kç ú 30 Gg: eTAkan´ T I tMbn´ KvbrálI eFVI s mNFm’ . lu¼RB¼efr£nimnþedayáTeCIgminán elakk¾lutCg:g´edIrc®g;m kñ ú gyamena¼ manRBanRmw Kmñak´s m:al´ elakfa CaRmwK k¾B YylM EBg sM edAeTArkelak lMEBgánTmøú¼kayelakFøaycu geTAmçag .

RB¼efr£[eKCY ydklMEBg

ykesμ Ajat´mu x rbYs

rY cehI y

[eKCYyRKah_elakeRkakGg:úyRsÜlbYlenAelIEpnfμ [eKebIk{kas ceRmI n vibsßna ánseRmcnUv RB¼GrhtþRBmedaybdis miÖT a rY cehIy ánBüakrN_ dl´ Pi kç ú TaMgLayEdlnaM Kñanimnþmkkñ ú gTI ena¼

eday«Tan

fa ½ RB¼BuT §C am©as´ RTg´CabuK :l RbesIrbMp ut EdlGñk RáCJ TaMgLaynaMKñasresIrfa

RTg´CakMBUlelIelakTaMgBYg

RB¼Gg:ánRtas´n UvPasitfa

mña lPik çúT aMgLay

rUb

en¼minEmnCarbs´GñkTaMgLayeLIy GñkTaMgLayKb,I l¼bg´n Uv rUbena¼ecj . sgçarTaMgLay mineToghñ + mankarekIteLI g eLIgehIy

nigvin aseTAvijCaFmμta

k¾rlt´e TAvij

lu ¼ ekIt

kars¶b ´r Mg ab´n Uv sgça rTaMg

ena¼ KW RB¼niB Va n eTIb Casux .

RKaena¼ Pi kç úT aMgLayánni yaynwgelakfa ebIR B¼smμasm<ú T§

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-103- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ Cam©as´RTg´minRbQYneTena¼ RB¼Gg:RTg´nwglatRB¼hsS ( qøgsmuRT ) mksÞ absi rsaelaky¨ agBitRákd . edayehtu Rtw mEtbu ¨eNѼ mK:e n¼ rEmgRbRBw tþ e TAedIm,I rMl t´T ukç rbs´ s tVT aMgLay dU cCaTukç rbs´RB¼tisßetSrCaedIm .

sk;eTvraCcut iehIy «b,tiþPøa m k¾ s k; e TvraC lu¼RTg´eXIj buB V ni mitþ ehI y

RTg´RtÚ v mrNP&yRKbsg; t´

RB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´ bBaHa

5 y¨ ag

ekIteTamnsß

RTg´ s YrbBaHa

RB¼Gg: ánseRmcesatabtiþpl

.

rbs´ RB¼Gg:

eTI bcUleTAKal´

kñ úgGvsanénkarvis C¢naRBmedayeTvta

8

muWnGg:

esþ cRTg´ ( cu ti e hI y ) esþ c«b,ti þ eLIgCafI μ RbRktIdU cedImeTot

.

eTvtaFøa k´nrk sU m,I suR Bhμe TvbuRt maneTBGbßrmYy Ban´ Cabriv ar esay sY K’ sm,ti þ

bNþ a nageTBGbßrmY y Ban´ ena¼ eTBGbßr 500 Gg:

kM B u geb¼p; aGM B I e dIm k¾cutie hI yekI tkñú gnrk . su RBhμ eTvbu Rt rMB wgKit fa

dU cemþ chñ +

eTBGbßreb¼p;aTaM gen¼

ándwgfa BYknagcuti ekI tkñ úgnrk

eTIbmankaryW tyUremø ¨¼

ehIyRTg´B i carNaeXIjfa

RTg´ Gayu

rbs´eyIgetIbu¨nμanehIyhñ+ ! Rsab´EtRTg´RCab RB¼Cnμayurbs´RB¼Gg: k¾nwgRtÚvGs´eTAdUcKña

k¾RTg´eXIjfa RB¼Gg:nwgRTg´ekItkñúgnrkena¼Ég

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-104- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 eTI brn§t´ RB¼T& y RTg´ eTamnsßy¨agxøaM gkøa RTg´ Rti ¼ri ¼fa RB¼sasþ anw g RTg´ b enÞ abg´eTamnsßrbs´e yIgen¼án

GñkdéTkm©at´ mi nán

ehIy

ánRTg´ n aMeTBGbßr 500 d¾e sseTAKal´ RB¼manRB¼PaKCam© as´ TUl sYr bBaH afa ½ citþen¼tk´søútCanic© citþen¼rn§t´Canic© TaMgkñúgkic©Edl min Tan´e kIt TaMgkñ úgkic ©E dlekIteLIgehIy ebIesckþ I minrn§t ´tk´s ø útman ¹RB¼Gg:s UmTUl sYr sUmRB¼Gg: sEmþg Ráb´n Uvkarminrn§t ´tk´s ø útena¼ dl´¹RB¼Gg: . lM dab´ena¼

RB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´

RTg´ánRtas´ Ráb´d l´

su RBhμeTvbu Rtfa ½ eRkAGMB IGg:Fm’CaeRKÓgRtas´d wg

tb£CaeRKÓgdutnUv

áb eRkAGMBIkarsRgÜm}RnÞIy_ eRkAGMBIl¼bg´nUvsgçtFm’T aMgBYg

ándl´

RB¼niB Van

tfaKtrkemIl min

eXIj nUv sYs þ I rbs´s tVT aMgLayeLIy . kñ ú gevlacb´RB¼Fm’ e Tsna

su RBhμeTvbuRttaM genAkñú gesata-

btþ i plRBmTaM geTBGbßr RTg´ e FIVT iB Vs m,tþ iena¼ [manesSrPaBehIy esþ ceTAkan´e TvelakdUcedI m . mK:e n¼ bu K:lceRmI nehIy Kb,Iyl´fa RbRBwtþe TAedIm,IrMl t´ eTamnsßrbs´ s tVT aMgLay dUceTamnsßrbs´ s k;e TvraCCaedI m dUc EdlBN’ namken¼ .

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-105- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ Gri ymK: manGg: jaysß

GFiKmay

8

ena¼

edI m,Icak´ Fø ú ¼

elakehAfa

jay

GFi b,ayfa

kñ ú gBaküfa

edI m,Idl´ GriymK:

ena¼ . eRBa¼fa mK:s tib,dæan EdlCaelakiy £kñ úgxagedImen¼ Edl bu K:lceRmInehI y

rEmgRbRBw tþ e TAedI m,I án

elakut þrmK:

.

eday

ehtu ena¼ eTIbRB¼manRB¼PaKRtas´ fa jaysß GFiKmay . bTfa niB Va nsß scäik ir iyay ( edIm,Ie FIV[Cak´c,as´ n Uv RB¼ niB V an ) esckI þ f a edIm,I e FIV [Cak´c,as´ elakeBalGFib,ayTu kfa edI m,IRbckßedayxø ÜnÉgnU v GmtFm’ Edlánnamfa RB¼niB Van eRBa¼ evorcaktNHaCaeRKÓgrY brw t . eRBa¼fa mK:e n¼ EdlbuK:l Gb´ rMe hI y [seRmckareFI V[Cak´ c,as´ n Uv RB¼niB VantamlM dab´ . edayehtuena¼ RB¼manRB¼PaK eTIbRtas´fa niB Va nsß scäik ir iyay . bNþ aBaküTaM gena¼ énstVT aM gLay

Baküfa

kalRB¼Gg: Rtas´ fa

edIm,Iesckþ I bris u T§ i

QanknøgnUvesckþIesakCaedIm

k¾ Cakar

EdlseRmcesckI þ ehIyk¾B itEmn b¨uE nþk¾enAmi nTan´ Rákddl´Gñ kdéT eRkAGM B I Gñ kqø atkñ ú g esckþ Ib Ba© b´ énsasna

.

ehIyRB¼manRB¼PaK

RTg´ mi n áneFV I [bu K: l CaGñkqø atkñúgesckI þbBa© b´é nsasnamun

ehIy

eTI bRTg´s Emþ gFm’ x ageRkay . EtRTg´ [yl´ plEdlRtÚvkarena¼ @ edaysU Rtena¼ @ bu ¨ eNÑa ¼ eRBa¼dU e cñ a¼ kñ úgsti b,dæ ansURten¼ kal RB¼Gg: RTg´ nw g sEmþ gplEdlRtÚvkarnUv ánRákd

eTI bánRtas´ Tukfa

ÉkaynmK:

esakbrie TvanM

nwg[seRmc

smti k ;may edIm,I

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-106- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 km© at´ bg´ n UvesckIþ esak nigbri eTv£TaM gLay dUe cñ¼CaedIm . mü¨ageTot k¾ e day esak£

eRBa¼esckIþbrisuT§iénstVTaMgLaynwgRbRBwtþeTARBm

ÉkaynmK: brie Tv£

esckIþ bris uT§ inw gmanán

karQanknøg esak£

brie Tv£

eRBa¼Qanknø gnUv nw gmanán

eRBa¼

Tuk çe Tamnsß rlt´eTA karrM l t´ Tuk çe Tamnsß nwgmanán eRBa¼án seRmcjayFm’

karseRmc

jayFm’

nwgmanán

eRBa¼kareFV I[

Cak´c,as´n Uv RB¼niB V an dU e cñ a¼ RB¼Gg: kalRTg´s EmþglM d ab´e n¼ ehIy eTIbRtas´ fa

stþ anM

vis uT i §ya

edIm,I esckIþbris u T§i énstVTaMg Lay

ehIyánRtas´ BakümanCaGaT×e n¼Tukfa esakbrie TvanM smtik ;may edIm,I rMl t´ bg´ n U v esckI þ esak ni gbrieTv£ . mü¨ageTot Baküfa stþanM vis uT §iya CaedI men¼ CaBaküeBal sresI r ÉkaynmK: dU cesckþ Ifa RB¼manRB¼PaKCama©s ´ ánRtas´ sresI reTsna 6 BYk mYyBYk @ 6 Rbkar edaybT 8 bTfa mñalPikçúTaMgLay tfaKtnwgsEmþgFm’manlmðbTedIm lmðbTkNþal lmð b Tcu g ni gRbkasRBhμ carü ( sasna ) d¾ bri s uT§ bribUrsBV RKb´ RBmTaMgGtS RBmTaM gBüBa¢ n £ KW RBhμ carü 6 BYk mYy @ 6 Rbkar

dl´Gñ kTaM g Lay

ehIyánRtas´sresI r

GriyvgßeTsna

Tu k edaybT 9 bT fa mña lPi kçúT aMgLay Gri yvgß 4 y¨ agen¼ Ca rbs´ E dlGñkRáCJ s : al´fa

d¾RbesIr

s:al´mkCayU r

dwgfaCavgß

( énRB¼Griy£Cam©as´ ) Carbs´cas´ mineXøógXøat minFøab´eXøógXøat

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-107- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ mi nRtÚ vsgß&y minRtÚvsmNRBahμN _EdlCabNiÐ tCM T as´ y¨ agNa RB¼Gg:

k¾ánRtas´sresIr

ÉkaynmK:

en¼Tu k

edaybT

manbTfa edIm,I esckþIbri s uT§ iénstV T aM gLayCaedIm dUe cñ a¼

7

bT

.

Rbsi n ebI n wgsY rfa eRBa¼ehtuGV I ? eqøI yfa edIm,In w g[ekIt«sßah£dl´Pikçú T aM gena¼ . esckþ I fa Pikç úT aM gena¼ lu ¼ánsþ ab´karRtas´ sresIrehI y nwg ekIt«sßah£eLI gfa mK:e n¼ nw gnaM«bTÞv £TaMg 4 ecjeTA KW esckþ Ie sak EdlCavtSúd ut eralcit þ 1 esckþIe sak xßwkxßÜl rMC Yl cit þ EdlCakarBN’napøÚv vaca 1 esckþ I Tuk çEdlCakarmin sb,aypø Úvkay 1 eTamsßEdlCa karminRss´RsaypøÚvcitþ 1 . ( nig ) naMKuNviess 3 y¨agmk[

KW

vis uT §i

esckþIbris uT §i

1

jayFm’

EdlKY rdw g 1 niB Va n karrMl t´ ( kie ls ) 1 . dU e cñ ¼ehI y nwg sm:al´RB¼Fm’eTsnaen¼fa RtÚ veron RtÚ v TenÞj RtÚ v RTRTg´ caM

RtÚ v bgH at´bRgón

ehIy sm:al´

mK:en¼fa

RtÚv ceRmI n

( dM e NI r ) RB¼manRB¼PaKánRtas´ s resI r ( ÉkaynmK: ) edI m,I[ Pikçú T aM gena¼ekI t«sßah£

edayRbkardUcEdlBN’namken¼

dU cGñ k

CMn Y jsM B t´ eBalsresI rKuNPaBsMB t´ km<lCaedI m dU e cñ a¼ . esckþIBisþarfa kalGñkCMnYjsMBt´eramstVBN’elOg ( bNÐúkm< l ) témø mY yEsn eXasnafa sU mGeBa¢IjTijsM B t´e ramstV T an

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-108- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 mnu s ßTaM gLayenAmi nTan´RCabfa

CasMB t´km< l RbePTÉeNa¼

.

eRBa¼fa sUm,I s MB t´ ekskm<l nigsM B t´ palkm<l CaedIm Edl mankø insð ú y sac´eRKatRKat ( sRmab´rMu s aksB ) eKk¾ehAfa sMB t´ km< l dU cKñ a . bu ¨ EnþkalNaeKeXasnafa sMB t´ km<lRkhm mk GM B I Kn§a rrdæ sac´ l ð it RtCak´ esøókdNþb´ Tn´l ð . kalena¼ mnus ß EdlmanRTBüsmlμm k¾nwgTTYl ( Tij ) cMENkmnusßEdlmanRTBü mi n lμ m k¾ cg´e mI lEdr . sU m,I kalRB¼Gg:Rtas´fa mK:e n¼ CamK:Ék k¾ e nAmi nTan´Cak´ c,as´ fa CamK:n u +¼dUecña¼ dU cKña . eRBa¼fa pøÚ v Edlmin naM ecjcakTu kçRbkarepßg @ eKk¾ehAfa pøÚv dUcKñ a . EtkalRtas´ BakümanCaGaT×fa

stþanM

vis uT § iya

edIm,I esckþ I bris uT§i é nstVT aMg

Lay Pi kç úT aM gLayk¾ n wgekIt«sßah£fa ánRCabfa mK: e n¼naM «bTÞv £ TaM g 4 ecjeTA naM KuNviess 3 Rbkarmk[ ni gsm: al´ RB¼Fm’ eTsnaen¼fa RtÚ veron RtÚv TenÞj RtÚv RTRTg´ RtÚ v bgH at´ beRgón nig sm: al´ mK: en¼fa RtÚv ceRmIn ( RbRBwtþtam ) dU e cña¼ RB¼manRB¼PaKCam© as´ kalnw gRtas´s resI r ( ÉkaynmK: ) eTIbánRtas´ T u k fa stþanM vis uT § iya . ehI ykñ ú gerOgen¼

KY rnaM esckþIeRbóbeFobnwgQμÜj masCm<Ú n uT

BN’ Rkhm Qμ Üj EkvmNITw kføasðat QμÜjEkvmu kþ aharfø asðat ni g QμÜjEkvRbvaLEdlécñehIy CaedImmk dUcesckþIeRbóbeFobnwgQμÜj bNÐ ú km<l témø mY y Esn dUe cña ¼ .

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-109- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ GFib,ays&B Þfa yTiT M s&B Þ fa yTiT M Cani á t mann&yesμ Inw g ey }em . s&B Þ fa ctþaera

CakarkM Nt´ rab´

(

cMnYnrab´

)

.

edays&B Þ ena¼

RB¼Gg:

RTg´ s Emþ gdl´ karkM Nt´ ( cMn Yn ) stib,dæan fa manmin tic min eRcInCagcM n Yn ena¼ .

GFib,ay stib,dæan bTfa stib,dæan ándl´ stib,dæan 3 y¨ ag KW GarmμN_ rbs´s ti

1

karEdlRB¼sasþa

RTg´min esamnsß

nigeTamnsß

kñú g kalsav& kTaM gLaybdibtþ ikñúgsti b,dæan 3 y¨ ag 1 / sti 1 .

GFi b,ayfa GarmμN_rbs´ s tie lakehAfa stib,dæan ( dU c ) kñú gRB¼BuT§ vcn£TaM gLaymanCaGaT× fa mña lPik çúT aMgLay tfaKtnwg sEmþgkarekIt nigkar rlt´e TAénstib,dæ an 4 y¨ag GñkTaMgLaycUrsþab´ eTsnaena¼ .l. mña lPik ç úT aMgLay k¾ karekI teLIg énkay etId Ucemþc ? karekIténGahar KW karekIt eLIg énkay . mü¨ageTot Garmμ N _rbs´s ti elakehAfa stib,dæan ( dU c ) kñú gBaküTaMgLaymanCaGaT× fa kay CaTIcUleTAtaMg ( énsti ) min EmntYsti stiCaTItaMgpg CatYstipg ( eQμa¼fa stib,dæan ) dUecñ¼

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-110- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 xø ¼ . sti b,dæ anena¼ manGtSfa eQμ a¼fa bdæan eRBa¼CaTI taM g .

GV ItaM g ? sti taMg . TI taM grbs´s ti eQμ a¼fa stib,dæan . mü¨ag eTot sS anTI CaTI ct ( RbFan ) dUe cñ¼ eTI beQμ a¼fa bdæan . sS an TI CaTI cténsti e na¼

eQμa¼fa

stib,dæan

dUcKñanwgsS anTI QréndM rI

ni gsS anTIQ rénes¼CaedIm dUe cña ¼ . stib,dæ an 3 y¨ag KW karEdlRB¼sasþaRTg´ mi n esamnsß ni geTamnsß eRBa¼savkTaM gLayGñkbdi btþ ikñ úg stib,dæ an 3 y¨ ag elakehAfa stib,dæan ( dU c ) kñ úgRB¼BuT § vcn£en¼fa RB¼sasþaRTg´ CaRB¼Gri y£Cam© as´ kalRTg´esBvtSúE dlRB¼Griy£Cam©as´esB KY r tambeRgónBY kKN£ dUe cñ ¼ . esckIþ ena¼mann&yfa eQμa¼fa bdæan eRBa¼KYr[epI þ mtaMgTu k GFi b,ayfa eRBa¼KY r[RbRBwtþ e TA ( RbRBwtþ ) . eRBa¼KY r[GI VtaM g ?

KYr [sti taMg kartaM gsti eQμa¼fa stib,dæan dUe cñ¼ . k¾ s tie na¼Ég elakehAfa stib,dæan kñ úgBaküTaMgLay man CaGaT× fa sti b,dæ anEdlGb´ rMehIy eFI V[eRcIn ehIy naM [eBaCÄg:£ 7 Rbkar bri bU N’ án . kñ ú gesckIþ ena¼ mann&yfa eQμa¼fa bdæan eRBa¼taM gTuk GFi b,ayfa cUleTAtaMgTu k KW Qancu¼ sÞú ¼eTA RbRBw tþ eTA . bdæan KW stiena¼Ég eTIbeQμ a¼fa stib,dæan . mü¨ ageTot

eQμ a¼fa sti

eRBa¼GtS fa r\k eQμa¼fa bdæan

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-111- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ eRBa¼GtS fa cU leTAtaMgTu k sti ena¼pg kartaM gTukpg dUe cñ a ¼ eTIb eQμ a¼fa stib,dæan edayRbkardU ecñ ¼xø ¼ . kñ úg stib,dæansU Rt en¼ elaksM edAyk stib,dæan Rbkaren¼Ég . sYrfa

ebIy ¨ agena¼

ehtu dU cemþ c

Baküfa

stib,dæ an

eTI b

CaBhuv cn£ ? eRBa¼stimaneRcIn .

Bi tNas´ eBaledayRbePTénGarmμN_ sti ena¼maneRcI n . kalebIdU e cñ a¼

ehtu GIVB aküfa

mK:

(

EdlmaneRcIn dU cKñ a

)

eTI bCaÉkvcn£ . eRBa¼manEtmü¨ ag edayGtSf a nwgRtÚv eFVI dMe NI reTA .

BitNas´ sti T aM gena¼ sUm,In wgman 4 y¨ ag b¨ u E nþ dl´ PaBEt mü¨ ag edayGtS fa RtÚv eFVI d M e NIreTA . smBi tdUcEdlelakeBalTu k fa pø Úv EdleQμ a¼fa mK: eRBa¼GtSd Ucemþ c ? eRBa¼GtS fa

CaeRKÓgeTAkan´n iB Van

ni geRBa¼GtSfa

Gñ kman

esckþ IRtÚv karni B V an ni gRtÚ v eFVI d Me NIreTA . k¾stisUm,ITaMg 4 y¨agena¼ kaljúaMgkic©[seRmckñúgGarmμN_ TaMgLay mankayCaedIm ( rhU t ) dl´n iB VankñúgkalxageRkay ni g GñkRáfñaniBVan k¾eFVIdMeNIreTAtaMgGMBIena¼ eRBa¼ehtudUcEdleBalmk ehIyena¼ elakeTIb eBalTu kfa stis U m,IT aM g 4 y¨ag Capø Úv mUl EtmY y .

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-112- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 kalebId U e cña¼ eTIbmaneTsnaEdlmankarbnþ KñamktamlM dab´ edaykarbnþB aküKñ amk dU ckñúg RB¼BuT§ v cn£TaMgLaymanCaGaT× fa ¼ mña lPik çúT aMgLay tfaKtnwg sEmþgpøÚv sRmab´ jaMj I mar

RBmTaMgesnamar

GñkTaMgLaycUrsþab´

.l.

mña lPik ç úT aMgLay k¾p øÚvsRmab´j aMj Im ar nigesnamar KWG V I ? KW eBaCÄg:£ 7 ( Gg:énFm’CaeRKÓgRtas´d wg ) TaMgpø Úv sRmab´j aMj Imar nigeBaCÄg:£ 7 manGtS d UcKña epßgKña EtBüBa¢n £bu ¨e NÑa¼ y¨a gNa ÉkaynmK: nig stib,dæ an 4 k¾d Ue cña ¼ . manGtS d U cKña epßgKñaEtBüBa¢n £bu¨eNÑ a¼ . eRBa¼dUe cña ¼ Kb,I yl´ fa ( mK: ) CaÉkvcn£ eRBa¼GtSfa nwgRtÚv dM eNIreTA (ehIy ) Kb,I yl´ ( stib,dæan ) fa CaBhu v cn£ eRBa¼stimaneRcI n eday RbePT énGarmμ N_ .

ehtuEdlRtas´stib,dæanTuk 4 y¨ag bu ¨ E nþ e htu d U c emþ c

ánCaRB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´

RTg´ R tas´

stib,dæ an Tu k 4 y¨ agbu ¨ e NÑa ¼ minelIs mi nxV¼ ( Cagena¼ ) ? eRBa¼RB¼Gg:RTg´ Gnu eRKa¼dl´evenyüstV .

GFi b,ayfa

bNþ aevenyüstVT aMgLay

BYktNHacri t

BY k

Tid æicrit BYksmfyanik nigBYkvibsßnayanik EdlRbRBwtþe TAeday

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-113- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ cM E NkTaM g

2

bBaØ a Tn´ e xßay eRKatRKat

KW

bBaØ a Tn´ x © I

man

ni g bBaØ a cas´ k ø a

Gñ k mantNH a cri t

kayanu b sßnasti b ,dæ a n

EdlmanGarmμ N _

Capø Ú v énesckþ I b ri s u T § i

.

bu ¨ E nþ G ñ k mantNH a cri t

man

bBaØ a cas´ k ø a man evTnanu b sßnasti b ,dæ a n d¾ l ð i t Capø Ú v énesckþ I bri s u T § i . sU m ,I G ñ k manTi d æ i c ri t manbBaØ a Tn´ x © I man ci t þ a nu b sßnastib,dæ an EdlmanGarmμN _EckecjmineRcIn eBk CapøÚv énesckþ I bri s u T § i . EtGñ k man Ti d æ i c ri t bBaØ a cas´ k ø a man Fmμ a nu b sßnasti b ,dæ a n EdlmanGarmμ N _ E ckecjCaeRcI n RbePT Capø Ú v énesckþ I bri s u T § i . ehI y sti b ,dæ a n RbkardM b U g Edlmanni m i t þ

nw g Edl

Kb,I RbsBVá nminlMák CapøÚv énesckþIbri s uT§ i é n smfyanikbuK :l RbePTbBaØ a Tn´ x © I . RbkarTI 2 Capø Ú v bri s u T § i é n smfyani k bu K : l RbePTbBaØ a cas´ k ø a

.

EdleRKatRKat

.

RbkarTI

eRcI n RbePTeBk

Capø Ú v énesckþ I b ri s u T § i r bs´

RbePTbBaØ a Tn´ x © I RbePT

.

eRBa¼elaktaM g enAánmi n maM T aM k ñ ú g Garmμ N _

RbkarTI

3

EdlmanGarmμ N _ E ckecjeTAmi n

4

Capø Ú v énesckþ I b ri s u T § i r bs´

vi b sßnayani k bu K : l

EdlmanGarmμ N _ E ckecjeRcI n vi b sßnayani k bu K : l

RbePT

bBaØ a cas´ k ø a . sti b ,dæ a n eTI b Rtas´ T u k 4 y¨ a gbu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ mi n elI s mi n xV ¼ edayRbkardU c EdleBalmken¼ dU e cñ ¼ . mü¨ a geTot ( EdlRTg´ s Emþ g Tu k 4 y¨ a gbu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ ) edI m ,I l ¼

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-114- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 vi b lø a s KW sPaBsð a t esckþ I s u x sPaBeTog ni g sPaBCaxø Ü n CaedI m esckþ I B i t kay Carbs´ m i n sð a t bu ¨ E nþ s tV T aM g LaytaM g enA y¨ a gvi b ri t sm: a l´ x u s kñ ú g kayena¼fa sð a t . sti b ,dæ a n RbkarTI 1

Rtas´ T u k sRmab´ s tV T aM g ena¼

edI m ,I [ l¼bg´ s u P vi b lø a sena¼

edaykareXI j fa mi n sð a t kñ ú g kayena¼ . ehI y kñ ú g evTnaCaedI m sU m ,I s tV T aM g LayRbkan´ m aM f a Ca su x eTog Ca Gtþ a ( k¾ m ann& y en¼ KW ) evTnaCaTu k ç ci t þ m i n eTog Fm’ T aM g LayCaGntþ a bu ¨ E nþ s tV TaM g Lay

taM g enAy¨ a gvi b ri t

sm: a l´ x u s kñ ú g evTna

ci t þ

ni g Fm’

TaM g ena¼fa Ca su x eTog ni g CaGtþ a . Rtas´ 3 y¨ a g d¾ e ss Tu k sRmab´ s tV TaM g ena¼ edI m ,I [ l¼vi b lø a sd¾ e ssTaM g ena¼ eday kareXI j evTnaCaedI m TaM g ena¼fa CaTu k ç CaedI m dU e cñ ¼ . kalebI d U e cñ a ¼ sti b ,dæ a n k¾ K Y r yl´ f a RB¼Gg: R tas´ T u k 4 y¨ a gbu ¨ e NÑ a ¼

mi n elI s mi n xV ¼

k¾ e dI m ,I [ l¼

su P vi b lø a s

su x -

vi b lø a s ni c © v i b lø a s ni g Gtþ v i b lø a s . ehI y mi n Rtw m EtRtas´ Tu k edI m ,I [ l¼vi b lø a sEtmü¨ a gbu ¨ e NÑ a ¼eT bu ¨ E nþ K Y r yl´ f a Rtas´ T u k 4 y¨ a gbu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ k¾ e dI m ,I [ l¼{X£ 4 eyaK£ 4 Gasv£ 4 KnS £ 4 ni g «áTan TaM g 4 ni g GKti 4 pg edI m ,I [ kM N t´ d w g GaharTaM g 4 pg . en¼Can& y tambkrN_ dU e cñ ¼ .

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-115- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ mti r bs´ G dæ k fa cM ENkkñú gGdæ kfa elakeBalTu kbu¨eNÑa¼Égfa ebI e Baleday karr\k ni g edaykarRbmU l cu ¼ kan´ T I E tmY y CamY y Kñ a ehI y sti b ,dæ a n k¾ m anEtmü¨ a gbu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ bu ¨ E nþ e BaltamGarmμ N _ m an 4 y¨ a g . «bmafa

kñ ú g RB¼nKrEdlmanTV a r

4

Gñ k EdlmkGM B I T i s xagekI t

kan´ y kvtS ú EdlmanenAkñ ú g Ti s xagekI t ehI y cU l kan´ R B¼nKrena¼ Ég tamexø a gTV a rTi s xagekI t / Gñ k EdlmkGM B I T i s xagt,Ú g / Ti s xagli c / Ti s xageCIg kan´ykrbs´ E dlmanenAkñú gTi s«tþ r ehI y cUleTAkan´RB¼nKrena¼Ég tamTVarTis«tþr y¨agNa esckþI«bemyü Edl[«bmadl´ R Bmen¼ k¾ K Y r RCabdU e cñ ¼

.

esckþ I e RbóbeFob Bi t Nas´ RB¼ni B V a n eRbóbdU c RB¼nKr . elaku t þ r mK: R bkbedayGg: 8 eRbóbdU c TV a rRB¼nKr . kay CaedI m eRbóbdU c Ti s xagekI t CaedI m .

RB¼eyaKavcrTaM g Lay

kalmkedayGM e Nac

kayanu b -

sßna ceRmI n kayanu b sßnasti b ,dæ a n edayvi F I 14 y¨ a g ehI y nw g eTArY m cu ¼ kan´ T I E tmY y CamY y Kñ a KW RB¼ni B V a n ena¼Ég . eday Gri y mK:

EdlekI t eLI g edayGanu P aBénkayanu b sßna

dU c mnu s ß

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-116- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 TaM g LayEdl

mkGM B I T i s xagekI t

KW naM y krbs´ E dlmanenAkñ ú g

Ti s xagekI t ehI y k¾ c U l kan´ R B¼nKrándU c Kñ a tamTV a rRB¼nKrTi s xagekI t án dU e cñ a ¼ .

RB¼eyaKavcr

kaldM e NI r tampø Ú v

evTnanu b sßna

ceRmI n

evTnanu b sßnasti b ,dæ a n edayvi F I 9 y¨ a g k¾ e TArU m cu ¼ kan´ T I E tmY y CamY y Kñ a KW RB¼ni B V a n ena¼Ég edayGri y mK: EdlekI t eLI g eday GanuP aBénevTnanubsßnastib,dæan

dU cGñ kmkGMB IT isxagt,Ú g

kan´

ykrbs´ E dlmanenAkñ ú g Ti s xagt,Ú g k¾ c U l dl´ R B¼nKrdU c Kñ a tam TV a rRB¼nKrTi s xagt,Ú g dU e cñ ¼ .

RB¼eyaKavcrTaM g Lay sßna

ceRmI n

kaleFV I d M e NI r mktampø Ú v

ci t þ a nu b sßnasti b ,dæ a n

edayvi F I

16

ci t þ a nu b y¨ a g

nw g

eTArY m Rtg´ k Enø g mY y CamY y Kñ a KW RB¼ni B V a n ena¼Ég edayGri y mK: EdlekI t eLI g edayGanu P aB énci t þ a nu b sßnasti b ,dæ a n dU c Gñ k mk GM B I T i s xagli c

kan´ y krbs´ E dlmanenAkñ ú g Ti s xagli c

k¾ c U l

dl´ R B¼nKrdU c Kñ a tamexø a gTV a rRB¼nKrTi s xagli c dU e cñ ¼ .

RB¼eyaKavcrTaM g Lay bsßna

cRmI n

kaleFV I d M e NI r mktamTV a r

Fmμ a nu b sßnasti b ,dæ a n

edayvi F I

5

Fmμ a nu -

y¨ a gehI y

nw g eTArY m Rtg´ k Enø g CamY y Kñ a KW RB¼ni B V a n ena¼Ég edayGri y mK: EdlekI t eLI g edayGanu P aBénFmμ a nu b sßnasti b ,dæ a n dU c Gñ k Edl

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-117- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ mkGM B I T is xageCIg

kan´ ykrbs´ EdlmanenAkñ úgTis xageCIg

k¾cUl

eTAdl´ R B¼nKrdU c Kñ a tamTV a rRB¼nKrTi s xageCI g án dU e cñ ¼ . sti b ,dæ a n Kb,I R Cabfa Rtas´ T u k Etmü¨ a gbu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ edaykar r\k

ni g edaykarrY m cu ¼ kan´ T I E tmY y CamY y Kñ a

Kb,I R Cabfa

Rtas´

Tu k 4 y¨ a gena¼Ég tamGarmμ N _ edayRbkardU e cñ ¼ .

GtS é nBaküfa Pi k ç ú bTfa ktem ctþ a era ( 4 y¨ a g KW G V I x ø ¼ ) Ca keftu k mütabu c ä a ( BaküsY r edI m ,I n w g eqø I y xø Ü n Ég ) . bTfa }F ándl´ }msμ w pø a s´ C a sasen ERbfa kñ ú g sasnaen¼ Baküfa Pi k ç e v en¼ CaBaküehAbu K : l Gñ k TTY l Fmμ £ .

Baküfa [dl´ R Bm

Pi k ç ú

CaBaküsEmþ g dl´ b u K : l Gñ k nw g jú a M g vtþ b di b tþ i

mü¨ a geTot eTvta

ni g mnu s ßsU m ,I B Y k déT k¾ j ú a M g vtþ -

bdi b tþ i [ dl´ R BmándU c Kñ a . b¨ u E nþ R B¼Gg: R tas´ e hAfa Pi k ç ú eRBa¼ CaGñ k RbesI r ni g eRBa¼RTg´ s Emþ g dl´ Pi k ç ú P av edayvtþ b di b tþ i . eRBa¼fa

kalPi k ç ú T aM g Lay

bdi b tþ i t amGnu s asnI r bs´ R B¼

manRB¼PaKCam© a s´ e hI y Pi k ç ú T aM g Lay k¾ n w g CaGñ k RbesI r CaTI b M p u t eRBa¼ ( dU c Ca ) PaCn£ ( sRmab´ T TY l ) Gnu s asnI R Kb´ R bkar . eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ RB¼Gg: e TI b Rtas´ f a Pi k ç ú eRBa¼CaGñ k RbesI r CaTI b M p u t .

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-118- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 k¾ R Tg´ b B¢ a ak´ d l´ P i k ç ú T aM g ena¼ehI y eTvta ni g mnu s ßd¾ e ss k¾CakarEdlRTg´bBa¢ak´dl´pgEdr dUcKña dUcbris&Td¾essRtÚvbBa¢ak´ dl´ edayraCs& B Þ k ñ ú g ki c © T aM g Lay mankarEdlesþ c RB¼raCdM e NI r CaedI m . ehI y Gñ k Nabdi b ti þ

vtþ b di b ti þ e n¼

Gñ k ena¼k¾ e Qμ a ¼fa

Pi k ç ú

eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ RB¼Gg: e TI b Rtas´ f a Pi k ç ú eRBa¼RTg´ s Emþ g dl´ Pi k ç ú P av edayvtþ b di b ti þ x ø ¼ . Gñ k bdi b ti þ n w g CaeTvta ¦mnu s ßk¾ e day cU l dl´ karrab´ f a Pi k ç ú TaM g Gs´ . smdU c EdlRtas´ T u k fa ½ sU m ,I G ñ k Edltak´ E tgehI y Rbsi n ebI R bRBw t þ F m’ e sμ I s¶ b ´ e hI y

TU n μ a nehI i y

manKti d ¾ e TogTat´

RbRBw t þ

RBhμcarü eKdak´cu¼nUvGaCJacMeBa¼stVTaMgBYgGs´ehIy rEmgeQμ a ¼fa CaRBahμ N _ CasmN£ CaPi k ç ú .

GFi b ,ayBaküfa kay bTfa

kaey

RB¼Gg: R Tg´ s Emþ g fa

ándl´ kay

kñ ú g rU b kay

kñ ú g RB¼sU R ten¼

.

Bi t Nas´ dU c kaydM r I

rU b kay ni g kay

es¼ CaedI m . eRBa¼GtS f a CaTI R bCu M é nGvyv£tU c FM ni g CaTI R bCM u é n rU b Fm’ T aM g Lay mansk´ C aedI m . k¾ ( rUbkay ) eQμa¼fa kay eRBa¼GtSfa CaTIRbCuM ( énGvyv£

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-119- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ tU c FM T aM g Lay ) y¨ a gNa eQμ a ¼fa kay eRBa¼GtS f a CaTI m kén rbs´E dlKYrex<I m TaM gLay KW rbs´E dlKY r[ex< ImreGImy¨agéRkElg dU e cñ ¼ . eRBa¼fa rUbkayena¼ CaTI mkdl´ énrbs´E dlKYrex< I mTaM gLay KW rbs´ E dlKY r ex< I m y¨ a géRkElg eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ eTI b eQμ a ¼fa kay . bTfa Gaeya ándl´ EdnekI t ( rbs´ K Y r ex< I m ) kñ ú g bTfa kaeya ena¼ manvcntS £ dU c teTAen¼ ½ eQμ a ¼fa Gay eRBa¼CaEdnekI t .

GV I e kI t ?

Gvyv£TaM g Lay mansk´ C aedI m EdlKY r ex< I m ekI t eQμ a ¼fa kay eRBa¼CaEdnekI ténrbs´EdlKYrex< ImTaM gLay edayRbkary¨ ag en¼ . bTfa kayanu b sßI ándl´ Gñ k Bi c arNaeXI j kayerOy @ CaRbRktI ¦Gñ k Bi c arNaeXI j erOy @ nU v kay .

Kb,IRCabfa RB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´ sUm,IRtas´ehIyfa kaey Etk¾ R Tg´ e FV I ( Rtas´ ) kay s& B Þ Tu k CaelI k TI 2 eTotfa kayanu bsßI edI m,In w gRTg´sEmþgdl´ karbM EbkduM ( XnsBaØa ) ecjeTA eday karkM N t´ e day

ctu F atu v vdæ a nkmμ d æ a n

edaymi n [RcbU k Rcbl´ K ñ a

RB¼eyaKavcr mi n EmnCaGñ kBi carNaeXIjevTna kñ úgkay ¦Bi carNa

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-120- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 eXI j ci t þ ni g Fm’ kñ ú g kay . EdlBi t CaGñ k Bi c arNaeXI j kay ( kñ ú g kay ) ena¼Ég . eRBa¼dU e cñ ¼ edaybTfa kayanu b sßI ena¼ eTIbCakarEdlRB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´ RTg´sEmþgdl´karkMNt´ eday mi n [layLM Kñ a edayRTg´s EmþgcMeBa¼Gakar KW karBi carNaeXIj kaykñ u ú g vtS ú eBalKW kayena¼Ég . mY y vi j eTot mi n EmnCaGñ k Bi c arNaeXI j Fm’ y ¨ a gdéT sU m ,I Etmü¨ a g

eRkAGM B I G vyv£tU c -FM k ñ ú g kay

TaM g mi n EmnCaGñ k Bi c arNa

eXI j ®sþ I ¦bu r s eRkAGM B I s k´ eramCaedI m kñ u ú g kay .

Bi c arNakay kñ ú g Baküfa kaey kayanu b sßI en¼ mi n EmnBi c arNaeXI j Fm’ y ¨ a gdéT sU m ,I E tmü¨ a geRkAGM B I ( mha ) PU t rU b ni g «áTayrU b sU m ,I k ñ u ú g kay eBalKW RbCM u é n ( mha ) PU t rU b ni g «áTayrU b mansk´

eramCaedI m

.

edayBi t

k¾ C aGñ k Bi c arNaeXI j karRbCM u

éncM E Nkepßg @ dU c Gñ k smø w g emI l eXI j eRKÓgRbkbénrf dU e cñ a ¼ CaGñkBi carNaeXIjkarRbCMu é nsk´ epßg

@

énTI R kú g

dU e cñ a ¼

eramCaedIm

dU cGñ keXIj cMENk

ehI y CaGñ k Bi c arNa

eXI j karRbCM u é n

( mha ) PU t rU b ni g «áTayrU b ena¼Ég dU c Gñ k bkRsTbeck ecjGM B I e dI m eckdU e cñ a ¼

ni g dU c Gñ k laédkþ a b´ T eT ecjy¨ a gena¼Ég

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-121- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ edayRTg´ s Emþ g vtS ú eBalKW kay edayGM N acénkar RbCM u e dayRbkarepßg @ ena¼Ég CakarEdlRB¼Gg: R Tg´ s Emþ g kay bM E bkXnsBaØ a ecjehI y . eRBa¼fa kñ ú g Baküfa kaey kayanu b sßI

en¼

nw g mi n eXI j Ca®sþ I

Cabu r s

¦CaFm’ G V I

déTeRkAGM B I

karRbCM u é nFm’ t amEdleBalehI y . EtstV T aM g LayeFV I k arRbkan´ xu s y¨ a gen¼

y¨ a gena¼

kñ ú g sPav£Rtw m EtkarRbCM u é nFm’

tamEdl

eBalehI y b¨ u e NÑ a ¼ . eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ RB¼bu r aNacarü eTI b áneBal Tu k fa ½ rbs´NaEdlbuK:lkMBugeXIj

rbs´ena¼minEmnrbs´

EdleKáneXIjehIyeT rbs´NaEdlbuK:láneXIj ehIy rbs´ena¼ minEmnrbs´EdleKkMBugeXIj kal mi n eXI j ( tamesckþ I B i t ) eTI b vegV g Cab´ e nA kal ( vegV g ) Cab´ e nA rEmgmi n rY c pu t . manGFi b ,ayfa edI m ,I s Emþ g dl´ k arbM E bkPaBCadu M ( XnsBaØ a ) ecj CaedI m . edayGaT× s & B Þ kñ ú g Baküfa Xnvi n i e BÖ a KaTi T sßntS M en¼ k¾ K Y r RCabGtS a Fi b ,aydU c teTAen¼ ½ esckþ I B i t

RB¼eyaKavcren¼

Bi c arNaeXI j kayEtmü¨ a g

bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ mi n EmnBi c arNaeXI j Fm’ y ¨ a gdéT .

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-122- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 manGtS a Fi b ,ayTu k y¨ a gNa ? manGtS a Fi b ,ayTu k fa mnu s ß ( TU e TA ) emI l eXI j Ef¶ b eNI þ r kU n Edlmi n EmnTw k esa¼ faCaTw k y¨ a gNa RB¼eyaKavcr mi n Emn dU c y¨ a gena¼ KW mi n eXI j kayen¼ EdlCarbs´ m i n eTog CaTu k ç Ca Gntþ a

ni g mi n sð a tesa¼

faCarbs´ e Tog

Casu x

CaGtþ a

ni g Ca

rbs´ s ð a teTAvi j eT esckþ I B i t Bi c arNaeXI j ( Rtw m Et ) kay KW Bi c arNaeXI j fa CaTI R bCM u é nkayEdlmi n eTog CaTu k ç CaGntþ a ni g Carbs´ m i n sð a t bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ . mü¨ a geTot KY r RCabesckI þ s U m ,I y ¨ a gen¼fa kayen¼Na man xül´ e cjcU l CaxagedI m TI b M p u t

manqw ð g

RB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´

GaT× f a mñ a lPi k ç ú T aM g Lay

Edlkø a yeTACaemßAm¨ d æ p U r pg´ C a

Rtas´ T u k mu n ehI y edayn& y manCa

Pi k ç ú k ñ ú g sasnaen¼ eTAkan´ é RB ¦ .l.

Pi k ç ú e na¼ mansti d kdegi I H m ecj ni g kayNaEdlRB¼sarI b u R teBal Tukkñúg bdismiÖTamK: fa RB¼eyaKavcrrUbxø¼kñúgsasnaen¼ BicarNa eXI j kay KW dI / kay KW Tw k / kay KW ePI ø g / kay KW xül´ / kay KW sk´ / kay KW eram / kay KW sm,ú r / kay KW Es,k / kay KW sac´ / kay KW Qam / kay KW srés / kay KW qw ð g / nigkay KW xUrkñ úg qw ðg edayCarbs´m ineTog eRBa¼Bic arNaeXIjkay ena¼TaM g Gs´

kñ ú g kayen¼

n+ u ¼ Ég

RB¼eyaKavcr

eTI b eQμ a ¼fa

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-123- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ Bi c arNaeXI j kaykñ ú g kay . mü¨ ageTot KY rRCabGtS y¨agen¼fa Bi carNaeXIjkay eBal KW

TI R bCM u r U b Fm’

mansk´ C aedI m

kñ ú g kayepßg

@

eRBa¼mi n eXI j

rbs´ NamYykñú gkay Edlnw gRtÚvRbkan´ maM y ¨agen¼fa eyIg ¦rbs´ eyI g EteRBa¼Bi c arNaeXI j karRbCM u é nrU b Fm’ e pßg @ ena¼ @ Ég mansk´ ni g eram CaedI m . mü¨ a geTot KY r yl´ G tS y ¨ a gen¼fa CaGñ k Bi c arNaeXI j kay kñ ú g kay

eRBa¼Bi c arNaeXI j kay

Gni c © l kç N £

CaedI m

manmkehI y kñ ú g

eBalKW

karRbCM u é nGakarman

TU e TARKb´ y ¨ a gkñ ú g kayen¼

bdi s mÖ i T amK:

mann& y dU c Edl

edayn& y manCaGaT× f a

Bi c arNa

eXIjedayPaBCarbs´mineTog minEmneXIjedayPaBCarbs´eTog .

BitNas´ PikçúGñkbdibtþi kaey kayanubsßnabdibTa ( Rbkar bdi b tþ i eBaledaykarBi c arNakaykñ ú g kay ) en¼ Kb,I R Cabfa nw g Bi c arNaeXI j kayen¼ edayGM N acénGnu b sßna 7 Rbkar man Gni c © a nu b sßna

CaedI m

KW

nw g Bi c arNaeXI j edayPaBCarbs´ m i n

eTog min EmnBi carNaeXI jedayPaBCarbs´eTog ni gBi carNaeXIj edayPaBCaTu kç mi n EmnBi carNaeXIjedayPaBCasux nigBicarNa eXI jedayPaBCaGntþa enOyNay

min EmnBicarNaeXIjedayPaBCaGtþ a nw g

mi n EmnRbRBw t þ e TAedI m ,I e sckI þ e RtkGr

nw g Ráscak

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-124- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 teRmk mi n EmneRtkGr rI k ray nw g rlt´ ( tNH a ) mi n Emnnw g [ ekI t ( tNH a ) nw g rlas´ e cj mi n EmnRbkan´ m aM elakkalBi c arNa eXI j kayena¼ edaysPaBmi n eTog k¾ n w g l¼ ni c © s BaØ a án kal Bi c arNaeXI j edaysPaBCaTu k ç

k¾ n w g l¼

su x sBaØ a

án

kal

Bi carNaeXIjedayPaBCaGntþa k¾nw gl¼ GtþsBaØa án kalenOy Nay k¾ n w g l¼ nnÞ i F m’ esckþ I e PI ø t ePø I n án kalRáscakteRmk k¾ n w g l¼ raK án kalrM l t´ ( tNH a ) k¾ n w g l¼ smu T y án kalrlas´ e cján k¾ n w g l¼karRbkan´ m aM á n .

GFi b ,aybT GatabI sti m a sm,Caena bTfa vi h rti ándl´ dM e NI r eTA . kñ ú gbTfa GatabI Kb,IRCabvi eRKa¼dUe cñ¼ EdleQμ a¼fa Gatab eRBa¼GtS f a rEmgdu t kemÞ c ki e lskñ ú g PB 3 . Baküfa Gatab en¼ CaeQμ a ¼énvi r i y £ . Gatab énPi k ç ú e na¼man ehtu e na¼ Pi k ç ú e na¼ eTI b eQμ a ¼fa GatabI . bTfa

sm,Caena

ándl´

RbkbedayjaN

eBalKW

sm,CBaØ . bTfa sti m a KW Rbkbedaysti EdleRbI k M N t´ k ay . k¾ F mμ t afa Gnu b sßna en¼ nw g mi n mandl´ G ñ k Ráscaksti

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-125- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ eLIy eRBa¼RB¼eyaKavcr manstiCaeRKÓgkMNt´GarmμN_ehIy eTIb Bi c arNaeXI j ( kayCaedI m ) edaybBaØ a eRBa¼ehtu e na¼Ég RB¼ manRB¼PaKCam© a s´ eTI b Rtas´ f a mñ a lPi k ç ú T aM g Lay tfaKteBal dl´ s ti f a

manRbeyaCn_ d l´ F m’ T aM g BY g

eRBa¼dU e cñ ¼

kñ ú g RB¼sU R t

en¼ eTI b RB¼Gg: R tas´ T u k fa kaey kayanu b sßI vi h rti ( Bi c arNa eXI j kaykñ úgkay ) . edayBaküRtwmEtbu¨ e NÑa¼ CakarEdlRB¼Gg: Rtas´ kayanu b sßnasti i b ,dæ a nkmμ d æ a n . mü¨ a geTot rY j raci t þ x agkñ ú g

eRBa¼ehtu E dlGñ k mi n manesckþ I B üayam rEmgeFV I G nþ r ay[án

kar

Gñ k Edlmi n mansm,CBaØ £

rEmgCaGñ k vegV g ePø c sti kñ ú g karkM N t´ « áy ni g kñ ú g karevorcakvtS ú Edlmi n Emn«áy KW CaGñ k mi n Gackñ ú g karkM N t´ « áy ni g kñ ú g kar rlas´ e calnU v vtS ú E dlmi n Emn«áy ( ehI y ) kmμ d æ a nena¼ nw g mi n seRmcdl´ e lakedayvi F I e na¼

dU e cñ a ¼

Kb,I R Cabfa

edI m ,I R Tg´ n w g

sEmþ g Fm’ T aM g Lay EdlmanGanu P aBCaehtu [ seRmcnU v kmμ d æ a n ena¼

eTI b RB¼Gg: R tas´ B aküen¼Tu k fa

GatabI

manesckþ I B üayam

sm,Caena mansm,CBaØ £ sti m a mansti .

GFi b ,aybT vi e nyü elaek GPi C ÄaeTamnsßM RB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´ lu¼RTg´sEmþgkayanubsßnastib,dæan

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-126- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 ni gviFIRbkbkayanubsßnastib,dæ anena¼

edayRbkary¨agen¼ehIy

}LÚven¼ edIm,InwgRTg´sEmþgGg:énkarl¼kiels eTIbRtas´fa vienyü elaek GPi C ÄaeTamnsßM Kb,I k m© a t´ b g´ n U v GPi C Äa ni g eTamnsß kñ ú g elakecj . bNþ a bTTaM g ena¼

bTfa

vi e nyü

ándl´

km© a t´ b g´ e day

karRKbsg; t ´ T u k . bTfa elaek ándl´ kñ ú g kayena¼ @ Ég .

Bi t Nas´

kay

RB¼Gg: R Tg´ R áfñ a ykfa

elak

kñ ú g TI e n¼

eRBa¼GtS f a EbkFø a y . bu ¨ E nþ e RBa¼ehtu E dlelakmi n Emnnw g l¼bg´ GPi C Äa ni g eTamnsß án cM e Ba¼Etkñ ú g kaybu ¨ e NÑ a ¼eT sU m ,I k ñ u ú g evTnaCaedI m k¾ l ¼ándU c Kñ a dU e cñ a ¼ eTI b elakeBalTu k kñ ú g Km< I r vi P g: fa elak KW «áTankç n § T aM g 5 . mü¨ a geTot elaknu + ¼

eRBa¼Fm’ T aM g ena¼RtÚ v rab´ f aCa

eTI b elakeBalTu k eday

GtS ú T § a rn& y

elak (

Baküfa

edaykarBRgI k

esckþ I ) EckBaküNaEdlelakeBalTu k fa kñ ú g Fm’ T aM g ena¼NaCa elak kaynu + ¼ Ég Ca elak . en¼Caesckþ I G tS a Fi b ,aykñ ú g Baküen¼ .

Kb,I e XI j karsm< & n § e sckþ I y ¨ a gen¼fa km© a t´ G Pi C Äa ni g eTamnsß kñ ú g elakena¼ecján . k¾ e RBa¼ehtu E dlkñ ú g sU R ten¼ kamcä n Þ se®g: a ¼cU l kñ ú g s& B Þ f a

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-127- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ GPi C Äa BüaáT se®g: a ¼cU l kú ñ g s& B Þ f a eTamnsß dU e c© a ¼ Kb,I R Cab fa karl¼bg´ nI v rN CakarEdlRB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´ Rtas´ T u k ehI y edaykarsEmþ g Fm’ B I r y¨ a g Edlmankmø a M g Tak´ T g ( nw g kar l¼ ) nI v rN b¨ u E nþ e BaledayBi e ssehI y kñ ú g sU R ten¼ RB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´

Rtas´karl¼bg´esckþIeRtkGr

Edlmankaysm,tþi

CamU l edaykarkm© a t´ GPi C Äa ( ni g ) esckþ I m i n eRtkGr Edlman kayvi b tþ i C amU l eTotpg edaykarkm© a t´ eTamnsß mY y eTotRtas´ karl¼bg´ e sckþ I e RtkGrkñ ú g kay edaykarkm© a t´ GPi C Äa ( ni g ) esckIþmineRtkGrkñúgkarceRmIn kayPavna edaykarkm©at´ eTamnsß Rtas´ k arl¼bg´ k arbEnS m PaBsð a t ni g esckI þ s u x CaedI m Edlmi n manBi t kñ ú g kayeday sð a t ni g PaBCaTu k ç

karkm© a t´

GPi C Äa

ni g karnaM e cjnU v PaBmi n

EdlmanenABi t kñ ú g kay edaykarkm© a t´ eTa-

mnsß . edayBaküfa vi e nyü elaek GPi C ÄaeTamnsßM ena¼ Cakar EdlRB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´ RTg´ s Emþ g Ganu P aBénkarbM e BjesckI þ Büayam ni g PaBCaGñ k Gackñ ú g karbM e Bjesckþ I B üayam rbs´ R B¼eyaKavcrTu k ehI y ándl´

.

esckþ I B i t

Ganu P aBénesckþ I B üayamena¼

karEdlRB¼eyaKavcrCaGñ k Ráscakesckþ I e RtkGr

esckþ I m i n eRtkGr

CaGñ k RKbsg; t ´ e sckþ I e RtkGr

ni g

ni g esckþ I m i n

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-128- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 eRtkGrán ni g

CaGñ k evorcakkarbM e BjvtS ú E dlmi n Bi t cU l eTA ni g

naM v tS ú E dlBi t ecjmk . k¾ R B¼eyaKavcren¼ kalRáscakesckþ I eRtkGr ni g esckþ I mi n eRtkGr RKbsg; t ´ á nnU v esckþ I e RtkGr ni g esckþ I m i n eRtkGr Bi t ecjmk

mi n bM e BjvtS ú E dlmi n Bi t cU l eTA

rEmgeQμ a ¼fa

ni g naM v tS ú E dl

CaGñ k Gackñ ú g karbM e Bjesckþ I B üayam

ena¼Ég . n& y mü¨ a geTot

Kb,I R Cabfa

RB¼Gg: R tas´ k mμ d æ a nTu k eday

Gnu b sßna ( karBi c arNaerÓy @ ) kñ ú g bTfa kaey kayanu b sßI en¼ . Rtas´ k arbri h arkayTu k sRmab´ G ñ k bM e Bjkmμ d æ a nedaykar sRmak dU c EdleBalTu k ehI y kñ ú g bTfa vi h rti . kñ ú g bTfa GatabI CaedI m RB¼Gg: R tas´ smμ b ,Fan ( esckþ I BüayamRbéB ) Tukeday Gatab ( esckþIBüayamCaehtu[kiels ekþ A eralral ) Rtas´ k mμ d æ a n Edl[seRmcRbeyaCn_ R Kb´ y ¨ a g ¦ «áysRmab´ b ri h arkmμ d æ a nTu k eday

sti s m,CBaØ

.

mü¨ a geTot

Rtas´ smf£ EdlánmkehI y edayGM N ac kayanu b sßna Tu k edaysti . Rtas´ vi b sßna eday sm,CBaØ . Rtas´ k mø a M g én Pavna Tu k edaykarkm© a t´ GPi C Äa ni g eTamnsß ecj .

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-129- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ GFi b ,aybT Gnu b sßI bu ¨ E nþ k ñ ú g

Km< I r vi P g:

RB¼Gg: R tas´ T u k fa

bTfa

Gnu b sßI

esckþ I f a bNþ a Fm’ T aM g ena¼ Gnu b sßna KW GI V ?

KW

bBaØ a

Gnu b sßna ehI y

.

kardw g TU e TAdl´

Pi k ç ú c U l dl´

.l.

smμ a Ti d æ i

en¼

cU l dl´ e robrylð e hI y

cU l mkdl´ e robrylð e hI y

ehAfa

cU l mkdl´

cU l eTAdl´ e hI y

dl´ R Bm

ehI y RbkbehI y eday Gnu b sßna en¼ eRBa¼ehtu e na¼ eTI b Rtas´ ehAfa Gnu b sßI Gñ k Bi c arNaeXI j erOy @ . bTfa

vi h rti

esckþ I f a

rEmgpø a s´ b þ Ú r

RbRBw t þ e TArkßaTu k

dM e NI r eTAÉg [ ( ragkay ) dM e NI r eTA naM e TA sRmak edayehtu ena¼ eTI b Rtas´ e hAfa vi h rti . bTfa GatabI esckþ I f a bNþ a Fm’ T aM g ena¼ Gatab£ ( esckþ I Büayam ) KW G V I ?

KW karRárB§ e sckþ I B üayampø Ú v ci t þ

.l.

esckþ I B üayam

RbéBen¼ ehAfa Gatab Pi k ç ú C aGñ k cU l dl´ e hI y .l. RbkbRBm ehI y eday Gatab en¼ edayehtu e na¼ eTI b Rtas´ e hAfa GatabI . bTfa

sm,Caena

esckþ I f a

bNþ a Fm’ T aM g ena¼

sm,CBaØ

KW G I V ?

KW bBaØ a esckþ I d w g TU e TA .l. smμ a Ti d æ i en¼ehAfa sm,-

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-130- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 CBaØ . Pi k ç ú C aGñ k cU l dl´ e hI y .l. RbkbRBmehI y edaysm,CBaØ e n¼ edayehtu e na¼ eTI b Rtas´ e hAfa sm,Caena . bTfa sti m a esckþ I f a bNþ a Fm’ T aM g ena¼ sti KW G I V ?

KW sti esckþ I r \kán Gnu s ßti karr\keXI j erOy@ .l. smμ a sti karr\kRbéB en¼ehAfa sti . Pi k ç ú C aGñ k cU l dl´ e hI y .l. RbkbRBmehI y edaysti e n¼ edayehtu e na¼ eTI b Rtas´ e hA fa Gñ k mansti . bTfa

vi e nyü

elaek

GPi C ÄaeTamnsßM

esckþ I f a

bNþ a

Fm’ T aM g ena¼ elak KW G V I ? kayena¼Ég eQμ a ¼fa elak elak KW «áTankç n § TaM g 5 en¼ehAfa elak . bNþ a Fm’ T aM g ena¼ GPi C Äa KW G V I ?

KW kareRtkRtGal kareRtkRtGalxø a M g kø a kareRtkGrtam esckþ I e Pø I t ePø I n

kareRtkRtGaledayGM N acesckþ I e Pø I t ePø I n

kar

eRtkRtGalxø a M g énci t þ en¼ehAfa GPi C Äa . bNþ a Fm’ T aM g ena¼ eTamnsß KW G V I ?

KW

karmi n eRtkGrpø Ú v ci t þ

esckþ I T u k ç p ø Ú v ci t þ

karmi n eRtkGr

Tu k ç e vTnaekI t GM B I m enasm¢ s ß en¼ehAfa eTamnsß .

TaM g GPi C Äa TaM g eTamnsß kñ ú g elak

KW kayen¼ Cakar

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-131- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ EdlRtÚ v km© a t´ e hI y ehI y rm¶ a b´ e hI y

RtÚ v km© a t´ e cjehI y

s¶ b ´ e hI y

s¶ a t´ e s¶ ó m

dl´ k arrlt´ e hI y dl´ k artaM g enAmi n ánehI y

dl´ k arrlt´ s U n üeTAehI y

Gs´ e RtkGrehI y

rI g s¶ Ü t ehI y

sV i t

RseBanehI y eFV I [ vi n asehI y edayehtu e na¼ eTI b RB¼Gg: R tas´ fa km© a t´ b g´ á nnU v GPi C Äa ni g eTamnsß kñ ú g elak KW kay / esckþ I é nbTTaM g ena¼

¹áneBalTu k ehI y

Gñ k si k ßaKb,I R Cabn& y énGdæ k faen¼

dU c EdlBN’ n amken¼

RBmedayn& y ena¼

edaykar

eRbóbeFobKñ a cu ¼ . en¼CakfaBN’ n aesckþ I é n«eTÞ s rbs´

kayanu b sßnasti -

b,dæ a n dU e cñ ¼ .

GFi b ,ay evTnanu b sßna }LÚ v en¼ Gñ k si k ßaKb,I R CabRbeyaCn_ k ñ ú g kareBaldEdl @ nU v evTna CaedI m kñ ú g BakümanCaGaT× y ¨ a gen¼fa evTnasu evTnanu b sßI

vi h rti

( EdlmanrY m enAkñ ú g Baküen¼fa evTnasu ci e tþ

Femμ s u Fmμ a nu b sßI vi h rti .l. vi e nyü elaek GPi C ÄaeTamnsßM edayn& y dU c EdláneBalTu k ehI y kñ ú g kayanu b sßna . k¾ k ñ ú g Baküfa

evTnasu

evTnanu b sßI

vi h rti

ci e tþ

ci t þ a -

nu b sßI Femμ s u Fmμ a nu b sßI en¼ Baküfa evTna ándl´ evTna 3

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-132- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 ehI yevTnaena¼ Ca elakiy Etmü¨ ag sUm,Icitþk¾ dU cKñ a Ca elakiy .

Fm’ k¾ d U e cñ a ¼dU c Kñ a ( Caelaki y ) . karEckevTna CaedI m TaM g ena¼ nw g Rákdkñ ú g

ni e TÞ s var£

.

b¨ u E nþ k ñ ú g TI e n¼Kb,I R Cab

karEckevTna

su T § @ Tu k fa evTnaRtÚ v Bi c arNaeXI j y¨ a gNa RB¼eyaKavcr kalebI B i c arNaeXI j y¨ a gena¼

k¾ e Qμ a ¼fa

Bi c arNaeXI j evTna

kñ ú g evTna . kñ ú g ci t þ a nu b sßna ni g Fmμ a nu b sßna k¾ n & y en¼dU c Kñ a . sY r fa k¾ e vTnaKY r Bi c arNaeXI j dU c emþ c ? eqø I y fa mu n dM b U g su x evTna KY r Bi c arNa[eXI j edayPaB CaTu k ç

Tu k ç e vTna

KY r Bi c arNa[eXI j fadU c Ca

kU n sr

/

GTu k ç m -

su x evTna ( evTnami n Tu k ç m i n su x ) KY r Bi c arNa[eXI j fa Carbs´ mi n eTog . dU c EdlRtas´ T u k fa ½ Pi k ç ú r U b NaáneXI j esckþ I s u x edayPaBCaTu k ç eXI j esckþ I T u k ç f a mi n Tu k ç m i n su x ehI y

dU c CakU n sr

EdlmanenA

án

áneXI j esckþ I

edayCarbs´ m i n eTog

Pi k ç ú r U b ena¼CaGñ k eXI j RbéB

ni g CaGñ k s¶ b ´

Rtac´ e TA . k¾ e vTnaRKb´ y ¨ a gen¼ KY r Bi c arNa[eXI j fa CaTu k ç . sm Bi t tamEdlRB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´ ánRtas´ T u k fa Fmμ C ati É Na nI m Y y

EdlánesayehI y

tfaKteBalFmμ C ati e na¼TaM g Gs´ f a

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-133- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ ( rY m cu ¼ kñ ú g ) Tu k ç . mü¨ a geTot su x evTna k¾ K Y r Bi c arNa[eXI j fa CaTu k ç . dU c EdlRtas´ T u k fa vi b ri N amTu k ç

Tu k ç

evTnaen¼Casu x eRBa¼ERbRbÜ l

su x kñ ú g eBlEdltaM g enA eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼

/

Ca

KY r eFV I [ Bi s þ a rRKb´

Rbkar . mü¨ageTot evTna k¾KYrBicarNa[eXIjsUm,Ieday Gnubsßna TaM g 7 man Gni c © a nu b sßna CaedI m . Baküd¾ e ssnw g manRákd kñ ú g ni e TÞ s var£ ena¼Ég . sU m ,I b Nþ a ci t þ ni g Fm’ ci t þ k ¾ K Y r Bi c arNa[eXI j edaykar EckecjeTACaci t þ manraK£CaedI m EdlmanmkehI y kñ ú g ni e TÞ s var£ én Gni c © a nu b sßna CaedI m EdlEckecjepßg @ Kñ a manGarmμ N _ GFi b tI shCat Fm’ PU m i kmμ vi á k ni g ki r i y a CaedI m . ( Fm’ ) k¾KYrBi carNa[eXI j edaylkç N£rbs´ xø Ün ( viesslkç N£ ) ni g lkçN£EdlesI μKñ a ( samBaØlkçN£ ) rbs´ Fm’ . eday su B aØ t Fm’ eday Gnu b sßnaTaM g 7 man Gni c © a nu b sßna Ca edI m ni g edayEckecjCa snþ F m’ ( Fm’ E dls¶ b ´ ) ni g Gsnþ F m’ ( Fm’ E dlmi n s¶ b ´ ) CaedI m EdlmkehI y kñ ú g ni e TÞ s var£ . Bakü d¾ e ss mann& y dU c EdleBalmkehI y ena¼Ég . k¾ kñ ú gkarl¼ GPiCÄa nig eTamnsß CaedImen¼ GñkNakm©at´

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-134- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 bg´ GPi C Äa ni g eTamnsß kñ ú g elak eBalKW kayánehI y Gñ k ena¼k¾ l ¼ GPi C Äa ni g eTamnsß sU m ,I k ñ ú g elak KW evTnaCaedI m ánena¼Égk¾ B i t EtRB¼Gg: k¾ ánRtas´ RKb´ @ nie TÞsvar£ edaybu K: l epßgKñ a ni g eday sti b ,dæ a nPavna EdlRákdeLI g kñ ú g xN£ci t þ epßgKñ a

.

mü¨ a geTot

Kb,I R Cabfa

edayehtu E dlGPi C Äa

ni g

eTamnsß Edll¼ánkñ ú g var£mY y ehI y CakarEdll¼án sU m ,I kñ ú g var£d¾ e ssena¼Ég edI m ,I R Tg´ s Emþ g karl¼ GPi C Äa nigeTamnsß Tu kkñú gvar£ena¼ eTIbánRtas´T u ky¨agen¼ dU e cñ ¼Ég

(

cb; GdækfaeBaleday]eTÞsvar³

.

)

3

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-135- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ smaFi 4 [133] }LÚven¼ RB¼manRB¼PaK RTg´manBuT§bMNgnwg[stVTaMg Lay seRmcKuNviesseRcInRbkar edayRB¼Fm’eTsna eBaleday sti b ,dæ a n

eTI b RTg´ E ck

smμ a smaFi

ecjCa

4

tamGarmμ N _

edaymann&yCaGaT×fa stib,dæan man 4 y¨ag / 4 y¨a g etIGVI xø¼ ?

KW

mñ a lPi k ç ú T aM g Lay

Pi k ç ú k ñ ú g Fmμ v i n & y n¼

Bi c arNaeXI j kaykñ ú g

kay dU e cñ ¼ ehI y teTAkalnw g RTg´ e lI k yk sti b ,dæ a n nI m Y y @ mkEckecjeTA ( eTot ) eTI b ánRTg´ R árB§ edI m ,I R tas´ n i e TÞ s var£ Tu k

edayn& y manCaGaT× f a

kfBa©

Pi k ç ú e v

(

mñ a lPi k ç ú T aM g Lay

etI d U c emþ c ? ) «bmadU c Cagtm,ajEdlqø a t Ráfñ a nw g eFI V e RKÓgeRbI Rás´ m ankenÞ l kk´ kenÞ l EcgEm¨ g kø a k´ hi b ni g kE®Ba© g CaedI m / án¬sßI F M 1 edI m mkBu ¼ ecjCa 4 ceRmók / ykEtmY y ceRmók mk ( Bu ¼ [CabnÞ ¼ ) ehI y t,ajCaeRKÓgeRbI R ás´ dU e cñ a ¼ . bNþ a bTTaM g ena¼ bTfa kfBa© CaedI m CaBaküsY r eday RTg´bM NgnwgRtas´ e qI ø y[Bis þ aredayRB¼Gg:Ég . k¾ kñúgbTen¼ man GtS aFi b ,ayedaysegçb dU cteTAen¼ mñalPi kçúTaM gLay edayRbkar dU c emþ c

?

Pi k ç ú e TI b CaGñ k Bi c arNaeXI j kaykñ ú g kay

.

n& y en¼

manenAkñ ú g RKb´ v ar£énBaküsY r . bTfa }F Pi k ç ú e v Pi k ç ú esckI þ f a mñ a lPi k ç ú T aM g Lay Pi k ç ú k ñ ú g

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-136- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 sasnaen¼ . eRBa¼fa }F s& B Þ e n¼ kñ ú g Baküfa }F Pi k ç e v Pi k ç ú en¼ bBa¢ a k´ d l´ s asna kayanu b sßna

EdlCaTI B M n ak´ G aRs& y rbs´ b u K : l Gñ k [ekI t

RKb´ R bkar

ni g bdi e sFsasnadéTfa

mi n Cay¨ a g

ena¼ . smBi t dU c EdlRB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´ R tas´ T u k fa mñ a lPi k ç ú TaM g Lay

kñ ú g sasnaen¼bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼

mansmN£

/

sasnadéT

( brb,vaT£lTi § d éT ) sabsU n ücaksmN£BY k déT . edayehtu ena¼ eTI b RB¼Gg: R tas´ T u k fa Pi k ç ú k ñ ú g sasnaen¼ .

Baküfa GrBaØ K eta va .eb. su B aØ a KarKeta va ( eTAkan´ éRB .l. ¦eTAkan´ p Þ ¼ s¶ a t´ ) en¼ CaBaküsEmþ g dl´ k arRTg´ k M N t´ esnasn£ d¾ s mKY r dl´ k arbM e Bj sti b ,dæ a n .

«bma ci t þ d U c kU n eKa eRBa¼fa mkCayU rehIy

ci t þ r bs´ P i k ç ú e n¼

EdlRtac´ e TAkñ ú g rU á rmμ N _ C aedI m

mi nRáfñanwgcU l Knø gkmμ dæ an

rt´e cjeRkApø Ú v Etmü¨ag

bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ dU c rfEdlTw m edayeKaxU c k¾ d U c Kñ a eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼

eTI b «bma

fa Gñ k ci B aw © m eKa ( m© a s´ e Ka ) kalRáfñ a nw g hV w k hat´ k U n eKaxU c Edl pw k Tw k eda¼RKb´ t M N k´ G M B I e meKaxU c FM F at´ e LI g mkRtÚ v BRgat´ ( va ) ecjBI e m daM b eg: a lFM m Y y Tu k kñ ú g TI d ¾ s mKY r ehI y ykExßcg ( va ) Tu k nw g beg: a lena¼ . lu ¼ kU n eKaena¼ sÞ ú ¼ elateTAxagena¼ xagen¼

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-137- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ k¾ m i n GaceKcecjeTAán

nw g RtÚ v QrCi t

¦edkCi t beg: a lena¼Ég

y¨ a gNa . Pi k ç ú r U b en¼Ég k¾ d U e cñ a ¼dU c Kñ a kalRáfñ a nw g TU n μ a nci t þ x U c rbs´ x ø Ü n EdlceRmI n eLI g GM B I k areRkbrsénrU á rmμ N _ C aedI m mkyU r ehI y RtÚ v BRgat´ v aGM B I r U á rmμ N _ C aedI m cU l eTAkan´ é RB ¦ru k ç m U l ¦ pÞ ¼ s¶ a t´

ykExß

sti b ,dæ a n

ena¼

KW .

sti c gTu k nw g beg: a l ci t þ r bs´ P i k ç ú e na¼

KW

Garmμ N _ r bs´

sU m ,I n w g erI b Rm¼eTAxagena¼

xagen¼ y¨ a gen¼ kalmi n ánGarmμ N _ EdlFø a b´ e sBmkBI m u n mi n Gacnw g TM l ayExß KW sti ( [dac´ ) ehI y eKcecjeTA k¾ n w g dY l RCb´

ehI y es¶ ó menAnw g Garmμ N _ e na¼Ég

eday

«bcarsmaFi

.

edayehtu e na¼ RB¼bu r aNacarü eTI b áneBalTu k fa ½ RB¼eyaKavcr ( Gñ k bM e BjesckI þ B üayam ) RtÚ v yk sti c gci t þ r bs´ x ø Ü n Tu k nw g Garmμ N _ ( kmμ d æ a n ) [maM dU c mnu s ßkñ ú g elaken¼ kalnw g hw V k hat´ e Ka RtÚ v cg eKa Edlnw g RtÚ v hw V k hat´ T u k nw g beg: a l dU e cñ a ¼ . esnasn£ena¼ Caesnasn£smKY r Edlnw g bM e Bj (kmμ d æ a n) sRmab´ e lak edayRbkardU c EdlBN’ n amken¼ . edayehtu e na¼ RB¼Gg: e TI b ánRtas´ f a GrBaØ K eta va .eb. su B aØ a KarKeta va en¼ bBa¢ a k´ d l´ k arkM N t´ e snasn£d¾ s mKY r dl´ k arbM e Bj sti b ,dæ a n .

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-138- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 sM e LgCasRtÚ v dl´ Q an mü¨ a geTot eRBa¼ehtu E dlRB¼eyaKavcrl¼bg´ e snasn£cu g Rsú k EdlKw k kg edaysM e Lg®sI þ sM e Lgbu r s sM e LgdM r I sM e Lg es¼CaedI m

mi n ánnw g jú a M g Ganaánsßti k mμ d æ a n

kayanu b sßna su x vi h arFm’ savkRKb´ gay

@

Caehtu C i t énkarseRmcKu N vi e ss rbs´ R B¼Bu T § C am© a s´ RB¼Gg: e n¼

)

CasRtÚ v

( «bsK: )

eFV I Q anena¼Ég

Bi c arNasgç a rFm’ e hI y

Ti d æ F mμ ni g RB¼

mi n Emnrbs´ E dlnw g eFV I á n

Edlmi n manPU m i karkM N t´ y kRB¼kmμ d æ a nen¼ehI y manGanaánsßti C aGarmμ N _

ni g

RB¼bec© k Bu T § C am© a s´

[sm,Ú N ’

eRBa¼QanmansM e Lg

vi b sßna

EdlCakM B U l én

.

Etkñ ú g éRB

jú a M g QanTI 4

[CaáT

ánseRmcGrhtþ

(

rbs´ EdlCa

pld¾ k M B U l Carbs´ E dlRB¼eyaKavcreFV I á ngay dU e cñ a ¼ RB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´ kalnw g RTg´ s Emþ g esnasn£d¾ s mKY r dl´ R B¼eyaKavcrena¼ eTI b Rtas´ f a GrBaØ K eta va dU e cñ ¼ CaedI m . edayfa RB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´ RTg´ d U c CaGacarüGñ k Edlec¼ C& y PU m i ( Gñ k RtÜ t emI l PU m i ¦Gñ k FrNI v i T üa ) . kalRB¼Gg: R Tg´ BicarNaeXIjesnasn£ EdlsmKYrdl´RB¼eyaKavcry¨agen¼ehIy eTIbRTg´bgHajfa KYrbMeBjRB¼kmμdæankñúgTIen¼ tGMBIen¼eTA RB¼eyaKI

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-139- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ ( PikçúGñkbMeBjBüayam )

bMeBjkmμdæan

kalánseRmcRB¼Grhtþ

tamlMdab´ehIy RB¼Gg:RTg´TTYlsk;ar£y¨ageRcInsnw§ksn§ab´ eday BaküsresIrfa RB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´ RB¼Gg:ena¼ RTg´ CaGñ kRtas´ dw g edayRB¼Gg: É gedayRbéB ( Bi t @ ) h+ ñ dU c GacarüEdlec¼ C& y PU m i

emI l épÞ d I E dlnw g RtÚ v sagRB¼nKr

ehI y cgð ú l Ráb´ f a

Bi c arNaemI l sBV R Kb´

Gñ k TaM g LaycU r sagRB¼nKrkñ ú g TI e n¼

kalRB¼

nKrsageRscedaysi r I s Y s I þ ( erobry ) ehI y nw g ánTTY l RB¼ raCTansk; a r£eRcI n snw § k sn§ a b´ GM B I R B¼raCRtkU l dU e cñ a ¼ .

RTg´ e RbóbPi k ç ú d U c xø a dM b g EtPi k ç ú r U b en¼ elakeBalfa dU c Caxø a dM b g GFi b ,ayfa esþ c xø a FM G aRs& y kñ ú g éRBRkas´ ¦éRBesμ A Rkas´ k ñ ú g éRB BY n caM c ab´ B Y k Rmw K manRkbI é RB kþ a n´ ni g RCÚ k éRBCaedI m ( su I ) y¨ a gNami j Pi k ç ú e n¼k¾ dU e cñ a ¼dU c Kñ a bM e Bjkmμ d æ a nerOy @ kñ ú g éRBCaedI m ni g seRmcGri y mK: 4 Gri y pl 4 tamlM d ab´

. eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ RB¼bu r aNacarü

eTI b áneBalTu k fa ½ PikçúGñkCaBuT§buRt bMeBjvibsßna RbkbesckIþBüayam en¼ cU l eTAkan´ é RB ehI y seRmcRB¼Grhtþ p l dU c xø a dM b gBY n caM c ab´ R mw K sI u dU e cñ a ¼ .

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-140- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 edayehtu e na¼

RB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´

kalnw g RTg´ s Emþ g

esnasn£kñ úgéRB EdlCaesnasn£d¾smKY r dl´ karRbjab´ Rbjal´ kñ ú g karRbkbesckI þ B üayamdl´ P i k ç ú e na¼ eTI b ánRtas´ T u k fa GrBaØ Keta va dU e cñ ¼ CaedI m . tGM B I e n¼eTA BaküNaEdl¹m© a s´ n w g RtÚ v eBal ( GFi b ,ay ) kñ ú g

GanaánbBV £

en¼

Baküena¼

¹m© a s´ á neBalTu k kñ ú g

Km< I r -

vi s u T i § m K: ena¼ehI y .

ceRmI n Ganaánsßti k¾ k alRB¼eyaKavcrena¼ si k ßaedayGM N acénxül´ d kdegH I m cU l ni gxül´ dkdegIH mecjTaM gen¼ EdlRB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´ án Rtas´ T u k y¨ a gen¼fa Pi k ç ú s i k ßafa kaldkdegH I m ecjEvgk¾ d å g c,as´ fa Gatμ a GjdkdegH I m ecjEvg QanTaM g 4 nw g ekI t eLI g eRBa¼kñ ú g ni m i t þ KW Gsßas ni g bsßas . elakecjcakQanehI y dkdegH I m cU l

¦kM N t´ G g: Q an

kM N t´ x ül´ d kdegH I m ecj kñ ú g cM n Y n

Gsßasbsßas£

xül´ ni g

Gg: Q anTaM g 2 y¨ a gena¼ . ( ebI ) CaGñ k kM N t´ Gsßasbsßas£ CaGarmμ N_ k¾ kM Nt´ rU by¨ agen¼fa Gsßasbsßas£ GaRs& ynw gGV I ?

GaRs& y nw g vtS ú

/

krCkay eQμ a ¼fa vtS ú . mhaPU t rU b 4

ni g

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-141- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ «áTayrU b ( 24 ) eQμ a ¼fa krCkay . tmk kM N t´ n amrU b y¨ a gen¼fa nam manenAkñ ú g Garmμ N _ e na¼ manpsߣCaTI

5

kalEsV g rkbc© & y rbs´ n amrU b ena¼

nw g eXI j

bdi c © s mu b ,aT man Gvi C ¢ a CaedI m qø g esckI þ s gß& y ánfa en¼Rtw m EtCabc© & y ni g Fm’ E dlGaRs& y bc© & y ekI t eLI g bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ mi n EmnstV ¦bu K : l déTepßg ( BI Gsßasbsßas ena¼ ) elI k yknamrU b RBm TaMgbc© & y eLI gkan´ éRtlkçN_ ceRmIn vib sßna seRmcRB¼Grhtþ pl tamlM d ab´ . en¼Capø Ú v énkarecj ( cakTu k ç ) rhU t dl´ R B¼Grhtþ r bs´ P i k ç ú mY y rU b . cM E NkGñ k kM N t´ Q anCaGarmμ N _ QanTaM g Layen¼ eQμ a ¼fa

vtS ú

GaRs& y nw g GV I

Gg: Q an

Canam

? /

ni g kM N t´ n amrU b fa

GaRs& y nw g vtS ú

krCkay

CarU b

/

Gg:

krCkay

kalEsV g rk

bc© & y énnamrU b ena¼ nw g eXI j bc© y akar man Gvi C ¢ a CaedI m knø g esckI þ s gß& y ecjánfa

en¼Rtw m EtCabc© & y

ni g Fm’ E dlGaRs& y

bc© & y ekI t eLI g bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ mi n EmnstV ¦bu K : l epßg ( GM B I n amrU b ena¼ ) elI k yknamrU b RBmTaM g bc© & y eLI g kan´ é Rtlkç N _ ceRmI n vi b sßna seRmcGrhtþ tamlMdab´ / en¼CapøÚ v énkarecj ( cakTu kç ) rhUtdl´ RB¼Grhtþ r bs´ P i k ç ú m Y y rU b .

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-142- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 bTfa }ti GCÄtM þ va esckI þ f a Pi k ç ú B i c arNaeXI j kaykñ ú g kay KW xül´ d kdegI H m ecj dkdegI H m cU l rbs´ x ø Ü n y¨ a gen¼ . bTfa Bhi T § a va esckI þ f a ¦ ( Bi c arNaeXI j kay ) kñ ú g kay KW xül´ d kdegI H m ecj dkdegI H m cU l rbs´ G ñ k déT . bTfa GCÄtþ B hi T § a va esckI þ f a kñ ú g kay KW dkdegH I m ecj dkdegH I mcUlrbs´x nøÜ ( ni g ) rbs´ GñkdéTtamkalevla y¨ agen¼ . edaybTfa GCÄtþ B hi T § a va en¼ RB¼Gg: R tas´ d l´ k alevla Edlxül´ d kdegH I m ena¼

ecj

@

cU l

@

edaymi n bBaÄb´ k mμ d æ a n

EdlsÞ a t´ C M n ajTu k . EtTaM g 2 y¨ a gen¼ nw g mankñ ú g evlaEtmY y CamY y Kñ a mi n án . bTfa smu T yFmμ a nu b sßI va esckI þ f a «bmadU c sñ b ´ r bs´ Cagmas TaM g dgsñ b ´ ni g esckI þ B üayam EdlekI t GM B I r bs´ T aM g 2 y¨ a gena¼ ( sñ b ´ ni g dgsñ b ´ ) xül´ e TI b ekI t edI r eTAmkán y¨ a g Nami j . kay KW Gsßasbsßas rbs´ P i k ç ú k ¾ d U e cñ a ¼ GaRs& y krCkay Lay

ekþ a gRcmu ¼

mankayCaedI m

ni g

ci t þ

eTI b sBa© r eTAmkán

Casmu T y£

.

Fm’ T aM g

Pi k ç ú k alBi c arNaFm’ T aM g ena¼

ehAfa Bi c arNaeXI j erOy @ nU v Fm’ E dlRbCM u e kI t eLI g kñ ú g kay . bTfa vyFmμ a nu b sßI va esckI þ f a kalkayEbkFø a y ekþ a g Rcmu ¼ RtÚ v km© a t´ e hI y ni g kalci t þ r lt´ EdleQμ a ¼fa kay KW xül´

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-143- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ Gsßas£

ni g bsßas£

nw g sBa© r mi n án

dU c kalsñ b ´ R tÚ v naM e cj

eTAehI y kaldgsñ b ´ á k´ ni g kalmi n manesckI þ B üayamEdlekI t GM B I s ñ b ´

ni g dgsñ b ´ e na¼

xül´ e na¼nw g mi n edI r dU e cñ a ¼

eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼

xül´ d kdegH I m ecj ni g dkdegH I m cU l rlt´ e TA eRBa¼kayCaedI m Ebk Fø a yeTA

Pi k ç ú k alBi c arNaeXI j y¨ a gen¼

eTI b RB¼Gg: R tas´ e hAfa

Bi c arNaeXI j erOy @ nU v Fm’ E dlsU n üeTAkñ ú g kay . bTfa smu T yvyFmμ a nu b sßI esckI þ f a Bi c arNaeXI j kar ekI t tamkalevla rlt´ e TAtamkalevla . bTfa Gti S kaeyati va bnsß esckI þ f a sti Cakal EdlelakcU l eTAtaM g Tu k y¨ a gen¼fa kay manEmn Etmi n EmnstV mi n Emnbu K : l

mi n EmnRsI

mi n EmnRbú s

mi n Emnxø Ü n

mi n Emnrbs´

EdlCab´ e dayxø Ü n mi n EmneyI g mi n Emnrbs´ e yI g mi n EmnGñ k Na mi n Emnrbs´ G ñ k Na .

Baküfa yaveTv en¼ CaBakükM N t´ k arbgH a jRbeyaCn_ . manBaküGFi b ,ayfa RbeyaCn_ y ¨ a gdéT

sti .

EdlcU l eTAtaM g Tu k ena¼

esckþ I B i t

mi n EmnedI m ,I

Rtw m EtedI m ,I k ardw g bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼

KW

edI m ,I R beyaCn_ d l´ j aNd¾ é RkElgCaRbmaNénkardw g d¾ é RkElg @ ni g edI m ,I R tÚ v karsti C aRbmaN GFi b ,ayfa edI m ,I R tÚ v kar[sti ni g sm,CBaØ £ ceRmI n eLI g .

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-144- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 bTfa

Gni s ßi e ta

c

vi h rti

esckI þ f a

CaGñ k mi n GaRs& y

( GV I ) edayGM N acén tNH a ni s ßy ni g Ti d i æ n i s ßy esckI þ f a n c

ki B ai ©

elaek

«áTi y ti

( elakmi n RbekokRbkan´ G V I t i c tY c kñ ú g

elak ) esckI þ f a elaknw g mi n Rbkan´ G V I KW rU b .l. ¦vi B aØ a N kñ ú g elakfa en¼Caxø Ü n ¦rbs´ E dlCab´ e dayxø Ü n eyI g . bi Gkßr kñ ú g Baküfa ÉvM b i eRbI k ñ ú g esckI þ f a rY m ykesckI þ xagmu x mkTu k . mü¨ a geTot edaybTen¼ RB¼manRB¼PaKRTg´ s Emþ g RB¼Fmμ e Tsna

eBaleday

GanaánbBV

RbKl´ [

( sav& k TaM g

Lay ) dU e cñ ¼ Ég .

Gri y sc© 4 kñ ú g Ganaán bNþa sc© TaMgena¼ sti EdlkMNt´ Gsßas nig bsßas Ca Tu k ç s c© tNH a EdlmanmkGM B I m u n Casmu d æ a nrbs´ s ti e na¼ Ca Tu k ç s mu T ysc© karmi n RbRBw t þ e TAén sti ni g tNH a TaM g BI r y¨ a g ena¼Ca

ni e raFsc©

Gri y mK: E dlmankarkM N t´ d w g Tu k ç

mankarl¼

smu T ysc© man ni e raFsc© CaGarmμ N _ Ca mK: s c© . elakxV l ´ x V a yedayGM N acsc© £ TaM g 4 y¨ a gen¼ehI y nw g seRmcRB¼ ( ni B V a n ) dU e cñ a ¼ esckI þ e n¼ eTI b Capø Ú v énkarecjcak ( Tukç ) rhUtdl´Grhtþrbs´PikçúGñkminRbkan´maM edayGMNac Gsßas

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-145- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ ni g bsßas mY y rU b .

(

cb; Gana)nbBV³

)

3

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-146- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 Bi c arNakay eday}ri y abf [134]

RB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´

lu¼RTg´ EckkarBi carNaemIl

kayeday Gsßas£ ni g bsßas£ y¨ a gen¼ehI y }LÚ v en¼ edI m ,I nwgRTg´Eckeday}riyabf eTIbRtas´BakümanCaGaT×Tukfa bun c brM . nw g vi n i c ä & y kñ ú g bTTaM g ena¼teTA ½

kardw g EdlCasti b ,dæ a nPavna sU m ,I E q; R sú k ni g Eq; é RB kaledI r eTA k¾ d w g edayBi t fa eyI g kM B u g edI r . Etkardw g ena¼ RB¼Gg: m i n ánRtas´ s M e dAykkardw g Ebb en¼eT . eRBa¼fa kardw g Ebben¼ l¼ stþ Ú b lTi § ( karRbkan´ f a CastV ) minán . dk Gtþs BaØa ( esckIþ sm: al´ fa CaGtþ a ) min án . mi n Ca kmμ d æ a n ¦ sti b ,dæ a nPavna .

Etkardw g rbs´ P i k ç ú e n¼

l¼

stþ Ú b lTi §

án

dk

Gtþ s BaØ a

án Cakmμ d æ a n ¦ Casti b ,dæ a nPavna . esckþ I B i t kardw g en¼ RB¼Gg: R tas´ s M e dAykkardw g xø Ü n y¨ a g en¼fa nrNaedI r ? karedI r rbs´ n rNa ? edI r áneRBa¼GV I ? sU m ,I kñ ú g karQr k¾ n & y en¼dU c Kñ a . bNþ a bTTaM g ena¼ bTfa nrNaedI r

esckþ I f a mi n EmnstV

Na ¦bu K : l NaedI r .

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-147- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ bTfa karedI r rbs´ n rNa esckI þ f a mi n mankaredI r rbs´ s tV Na @ eLI y . bTfa

edI r áneRBa¼GV I

esckþ I f a

edI r eTAáneRBa¼karpßay

eTAénvaeyaFatu EdlekI t GM B I k i r i y arbs´ c i t þ .

vaeyaFatu e kI t GM B I c i t þ eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ Pi k ç ú e n¼ nw g dw g c,as´ ( }ri y abf

) y¨ a gen¼fa

ci t þ ( karKi t ) ekI t eLI g fa eyI g nw g edI r ci t þ e na¼nw g [vaeyaekI t nw g [karkeRmI k vaeyaekI t

.

karkeRmI k kayTaM g Gs´

eTAxagmu x

edaykarpßayeTAénvaeyaFatu EdlekI t GM B I k i r i y arbs´ c i t þ ehAfa karedI r . sU m ,I kñ ú g karQrCaedI m k¾ m ann& y en¼dU c Kñ a . sU m ,I k ñ ú g karQrCaedI m ena¼

Kb,I R Cabvi n i c ä & y dU c teTA

ci t þ

( karKi t ) ekI t eLI g fa eyI g nw g Qr ci t þ e na¼nw g [vaeyaekI t nw g [karkeRmI k vaeyaekI t .

Pav£EdlkayTaM g Gs´

taM g BI T I b M p u t

eCIg ) TajeLIgedaykarpßayénvaeyaFatu

(

KW

BI k ,aldl´ c u g

EdlekItGMBIkiriyarbs´

ci t þ ehAfa karQr . ci t þ e kI t eLI g fa eyI g nw g Gg: ú y ci t þ e na¼nw g [vaeyaekI t nw g [karkeRmI k vaeyaekI t karbt´ k aycM E NkxageRkamcU l Tajkay

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-148- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 cM E NkxagelI e LI g

edaykarpßayeTAénvaeyaFatu

EdlekI t GM B I

ki r i y arbs´ c i t þ ehAfa karGg: ú y . ci t þ e kI t eLI g fa eyI g nw g edk ci t þ n w g [vaeyaena¼ekI t nw g [ karkeRmI k vaeyaekI t beNþ a y

.

karsNþ Ú k ragkayTaM g Gs´

edaykarpßayeTAénvaeyaFatu

ci t þ ehAfa karedk kalPi k ç ú e na¼

ecjeTAxag

EdlekI t GM B I k i r i y arbs´

. dw g c,as´ y ¨ a gen¼

rEmgmankarKi t eXI j y¨ a g

en¼fa eKehAfa stV e dI r stV Q r . sY r fa manstV N aedI r stV N aQr ? eqø I y fa mi n man .

EtdU c BaküEdlehAfa reT¼eTA reT¼Qb´ . k¾ m i n manGV I E dl eQμ a ¼fa reT¼nw g eTA ¦nw g Qb´ . EtkalsarfI G ñ k Qø a sév Tw m eKa

4

breTA

k¾ n w g manRtw m Etkarsnμ t i K ñ a fa

reT¼eTA

reT¼Qb´

y¨ a gNa . kaydU c reT¼ eRBa¼GtS f a mi n dw g xül´ E dlekI t GM B I c i t þ dU c eKa / ci t þ dU c sarfI kalci t þ e kI t eLI g fa eyI g nw g edI r vaeyaFatu E dlnw g[ekI tviB aØ tþi k¾n wgekI teLIg karedI reTACaedIm nw gRbRBw tþ eTAedaykarpßayrbs´ v aeyaFatu EdlekI t GM B I k i r i y arbs´ c i t þ nw g manRtw m Etkarsnμ t i K ñ a fa stV e dI r stV Q r ¹eTA ¹Qr dU e cñ a ¼dU c Kñ a .

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-149- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ TU k sÞ ú ¼ eTAán eRBa¼kmø a M g rbs´ x ül´ kU n srsÞ ú ¼ eTA án

eRBa¼kmø a M g rbs´ E xß

y¨ a gNa

ragkayen¼k¾

dU e cñ a ¼ edI r eTAáneRBa¼xül´ ( xagkñ ú g ) bk´ . sU m ,I srI r ynþ e n¼ Edl ( nayCag KW tNH a sagTu k ) edI r Qr Gg: ú y án edayGM N acénExßjak´ KW c i t þ / dU c rU b TI g emagkeRmI k án edayGM N acénExßjak´ . kñ ú g erOgen¼ nw g manstV N a eRkAGM B I e htu b c© & y Edl Qr ¦edI r eTA edayGanu P aBrbs´ x ø Ü n . eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ RB¼eyaKavcrena¼ kM N t´ n U v }ri y abfedI r CaedI m EdlRbRBw t þ e TA edayehtu ni g bc© & y bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ y¨ a gen¼ Kb,I R Cabcu ¼ fa bu K : l ena¼ kaledI r k¾ d w g c,as´ f a eyI g edI r ( kalQr Gg: ú y ¦edk ) k¾ d w g c,as´ f a eyI g Qr Gg: ú y ¦edk .

Baküfa yfa yfa va bnsß kaeya bNi h i e ta ehati tfa tfa nM bCanati ( ¦k¾ f a elakrEmgdw g c,as´ kayena¼ tam Edlxø Ü ntm;l ´ enA edayGakary¨ agNa@ ehIy ) en¼ CaBaküRbmUl }ri y abfRKb´ y ¨ a gTu k . manBaküGFi b ,ayTu k dU c teTAen¼fa ehI y

edayGakarNa

@

kayrbs´ e laksS i t enA

elakk¾ d w g c,as´ k ayena¼

edayGakar

ena¼ @ KW dw g c,as´ k ay EdlsS i t enAedayGakarEdledI r fa kM B u g

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-150- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 edI r dw g c,as´ k ay EdltaM g enAedayGakarEdlQr Gg: ú y ¦edk fa ( kM B u g ) edk CaedI m . bTfa }ti GCÄtM þ va esckI þ f a ¦elakBi c arNaeXI j kay kñ ú g kay edaykarBi c arNa}ri y abfTaM g 4 rbs´ x ø Ü n y¨ a gen¼ . bTfa Bhi T § a va esckI þ f a ¦edaykarkM N t´ } ri y abfTaM g 4 rbs´ G ñ k déT . bTfa

GCÄtþ B hi T § a

va

esckI þ f a

Bi c arNaeXI j kaykñ ú g

kay edaykarkM N t´ } ri y abfTaM g 4 rbs´ x ø Ü n ( ¦ ) rbs´ G ñ k déT tamkal . cM E Nkkñ ú g bTfa smu T yFmμ a nu b sßI va CaedI m Gñ k si k ßaKY r naM y kkarekI t eLI g ni g karrlt´ e TAénrU b xn§ e dayGakar 5 y¨ a gmk edayn& y manCaGaT× f a eRBa¼Gvi C ¢ a ekI t rU b xn§ e TI b ekI t .

Bi t Nas´ Baküfa smu T yFmμ a nu b sßI va en¼ kñ ú g }ri y abfbBV £ en¼ RB¼Gg: R tas´ s M e dAykBaküena¼ .

Baküfa GtS i kaeyati va bnsß CaedI m k¾ d U c Kñ a nw g Bakü EdleBalmkehI y ena¼Ég .

Gri y sc© k ñ ú g }ri y abf Etkñ ú g }ri y abfbBV £ en¼ sti E dlkM N t´ } ri y abfTaM g 4 Ca Tu k ç s c©

tNH a EdlCasmu d æ a nrbs´ s ti C a

smu T ysc©

karmi n

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-151- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ RbRBw t þ e TAénsti ni g tNH a TaM g 2 y¨ a gena¼ Ca ni e raFsc© Gri y mK: E dlkM N t´ d w g Tu k ç l¼bg´ smu T y Edlman ni e raFCaGarmμ N _ CamK: s c© .

RB¼eyaKavcr

xV l ´ x V a yedayGM N acsc© £ TaM g

4

y¨ a gen¼

ehI y nw g seRmcdl´ T I r M l t´ T u k ç ( ni B V a n ) . BaküdU c EdlBN’ n a mken¼ Capø Ú v énkarnaM e cj ( cakTu k ç ) rhU t dl´ R B¼Grhtþ rbs´ Pi k ç ú G ñ k kM N t´ } ri y abf 4 mY y rU b dU e cñ ¼ Ég .

(

cb; \riyabfbBV³

)

3

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-152- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 Bi c arNakayedaysm,CBaØ 4 [135]

RB¼manRB¼PaK

lu¼RTg´ EcknUvkarBi carNaeXIj kay

kñ ú gkay eday}riyabfy¨agen¼ehIy }LÚven¼edIm,InwgRTg´Eckeday sm,CBaØ 4 eTI b Rtas´ B akümanCaGaT× f a bu n cbrM Tu k . bNþ a BaküTaM g ena¼ Baküfa GPi k ; e nþ bdi k ; e nþ en¼ karedI r eTA

RB¼Gg: R tas´ e hAfa

GPi k ; n þ

/

karedI r RtLb´

Rtas´ e hAfa

bdi k ; n þ . sU m ,I T aM g 2 y¨ a gena¼ ánkñ ú g }ri y abfTaM g 4 . ( nw g fa ) kñ ú g karedI r mu n kaleyakkayeTAxagmu x k¾ e Qμ a ¼ fa QaneTA . kalEbrRtLb´ k¾ e Qμ a ¼fa fyRtLb´ . sU m ,I k ñ ú g karQr Gñ kQrena¼Ég kaleyakkayeTAxagmux k¾eQμ a¼fa Qan eTA

kalEbrxø Ü n mkxageRkay

k¾ e Qμ a ¼fa

fyRtLb´

.

kñ ú g kar

Gg:ú y GñkGgú : yena¼Ég kalbegðanxø Ün eTAxagmux cMe Ba¼muxGasn£ eQμ a ¼fa QaneTA kaleyakragkayEpð k xageRkay eQμ a ¼fa fy RtLb´ . sU m ,I k ñ ú g karedk k¾ m ann& y en¼dU c Kñ a . bTfa

sm,CankarI

ehati

esckI þ f a

CaGñ k Rbkbki c © R Kb´

y¨ a geday sm,CBaØ ( esckI þ d w g xø Ü n ) CaRbRktI ¦CaGñ k eFV I e sckI þ dw gxø Ü nena¼ÉgCaRbRktI eRBa¼fa elakeFVI esckI þd w gxø Ü n kñ úgkarQan eTAxagmuxCaedIm minfa kñúg}riyabfNa @ k¾minevorcak sm,CBaØ .

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-153- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ sm,CBaØ 4 sm,CBaØ £ kñ ú g Baküfa sm,CankarI ena¼ man 4 y¨ a g KW satS k sm,CBaØ

1

sb,aysm,CBaØ

1

eKacrsm,CBaØ 1

Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ 1 .

1¿ satS k sm,CBaØ bNþ a sm,CBaØ £ TaM g karKi t

4

EdlekI t eLI g ena¼Ég

RbeyaCn_

ni g mi n manRbeyaCn_

y¨ a gena¼

karmi n eTAtamGM N acén

kñ ú g kalKi t nw g QaneTA ( Camu n )

fa

karkM N t´

kareTATI e na¼nw m an

RbeyaCn_ d l´ e yI g ¦mi n manRbeyaCn_ ehI y kan´ y kEtRbeyaCn_ eQμ a ¼fa satS k sm,CBaØ . k¾ b Nþ a GtS ni g GntS ( RbeyaCn_ ni g mi n EmnRbeyaCn_ ) TaM g 2 y¨ a gena¼ eXI j edI m eBaF×

karceRmI n pø Ú v Fm’ e dayáneXI j RB¼ectI y _ áneXI j RB¼sgÇ

áneXI j RB¼efr£

án

ni g án

eXI j Gsu P armμ N _ C aedI m eQμ a ¼fa GtS . eRBa¼fa sU m ,I á neXI j RB¼ectI y _ e hI y jú a M g bI t i E dlmanRB¼Bu T § C aGarmμ N _ [ ekI t eLI g án ( ni g ) eRBa¼áneXI j RB¼sgÇ k¾ j ú a M g nU v bI t i E dlmanRB¼sgÇCa Garmμ N _ [ ekI t eLI g án ehI y kalBi c arNaGarmμ N _ e na¼Ég eday karGs´ e TA nigsU nüeTA k¾ n wgseRmcRB¼Grhtþ . áneXIj RB¼efr£

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-154- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 TaM g LayehI y taM g enAkñ ú g {vaTrbs´ e lak áneXI j Gsu P armμ N _ ehI y jú aM gbzmCÄan[ekItkñúgGsuParmμ N_ e na¼eLI gán kalBi carNaGsu P armμ N _ e na¼Ég

edaykarGs´ e TA

ni g karsU n üeTA

k¾ n w g

seRmcRB¼Grhtþ . eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ kareXI j vtS ú T aM g ena¼ eTI b eQμ a ¼fa manRbeyaCn_ . EtGacarüBY k xø ¼ eBalfa karceRmI n Epñ k xagGami s k¾eQμa¼fa CaRbeyaCn_ ( pl ) án dUcKña eRBa¼GaRs&yRbeyaCn_ ena¼ehI y ánbdi b ti þ ( Fm’ ) edI m ,I G nu e RKa¼RBhμ c ri y £ .

2¿ sb,aysm,CBaØ cM E NkkarkM N t´ sb,ay ni g Gsb,ay ( esckI þ s b,ay ¦mi n sb,ay ) kñ ú g karedI r ena¼ ehI y kM N t´ y k sb,ay eQμ a ¼fa sb,aysm,CBaØ . ándl´ G V I ? ándl´ kareXI j RB¼ectI y _ eQμ a ¼fa manRbeyaCn_ k¾ e bI bri s & T RbCM u K ñ a ry£ 10 ¦ 12 eyaCn_ edI m ,I b U C amhaectI y _ Cakar RbCMuFM ®sIþxø¼ bursxø¼ EtgxøÜnedayeRKÓgRbdab´tamsmKYrdl´sm,tiþ rbs´ x ø Ü n ( tamzananu r U b ) edI r CamY y Kñ a eTA dU c PaBvi c i R tkmμ ( rU b KM n U r ) esat elakk¾ n w g ekI t cM N g´ ( elaP³ ) kñ ú g }dæ a rmμ N _ ena¼ nw gekI tkarTas´ ci tþ kñ ú g Gnid æarmμN _ nw gekItesckI þ v egVgeLIg kñú gkar

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-155- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ emI l mi n smrmü . nw g RtÚ v Gabti þ kaysM s K: ( cab´ B al´ k ay®sI þ ) ¦nw g manGnþ r aydl´ C I v i t ni g RBhμ c ri y £ . sS a nTI d U c EdlBN’ n a mken¼ eQμ a ¼fa Ca Gsb,ay . sU m ,I k areXI j RB¼sgÇ EdlCa sb,ay eQμ a ¼fa manRbeyaCn_ eRBa¼mi n manGnþ r ay manRbkar dU c EdleBalmkehI y .

EtebI k almnu s ßnaM K ñ a sagáraM F M Tu k xagkñ ú g PU m i e hI y sþ a b´ Fmμ e TsnarhUtmY yyb´ karRbCM u rbs´RbCaCn nigGnþ ray k¾n wgman edayRbkardU c EdleBalmkehI y

ena¼Ég

.

sS a nTI d U c eBalmk

ehIyen¼ CaGsb,ay£ ( Et ) Casb,ay£án eRBa¼minmanGnþray sU m ,I k ñ ú g kareXI j RB¼efr£TaM g LayGñ k manbri s & T eRcI n

k¾ m ann& y

en¼dUcKñ a . sUm,I kareXI j GsuParmμ N_ k¾ eQμa¼fa manRbeyaCn_ . nw g manerOgdU c teTAen¼ CakarsEmþ g esckI þ e na¼ ( CatY y ¨ a g ) ½

erOgPi k ç ú k M e la¼ tM Nalmkfa

Pi kçú kM ela¼mY yrU b

naM sameNreTArkeQICRm¼

eFμ j . sameNreKcecjGM B I p ø Ú v edI r hY s eTAmu x eXI j Gsu P armμ N _ áT

ehI y jú a M g bzmCÄan[ekI t eLI g Bi c arNasgç a r

eFV I p lTaM g

3

eFV I b zmCÄanena¼Ég[Ca

[Cak´ c ,as´ e hI y

ánQr

kM N t´ k mμ d æ a n edI m ,I p lRbeyaCn_ d l´ m K: C an´ x < s ´ ( Grhtþ m K: ) .

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-156- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 PikçúkMela¼ kalmineXIjsameNrena¼ eTIbERskehAfa sameNr . sameNrena¼Ki t fa taM g GM B I b Y s ehI y eyI g mi n Edl[Pi k ç ú e hAdl´ 2 dgeLI y eyI g nw g [Ku N vi e ssCan´ x < s ´ e kI t eLI g kñ ú g éf¶ d éTcu ¼ dU e cñ ¼ ehI y eTI b eqI ø y fa mankarGV I e lakm© a s´ ? ehI y sameNr ena¼ EdlPikçú kM ela¼Ráb´fa mkeN¼sameNr RtwmEtBakümYym¨ at´ bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ k¾ m k ehI y ánni y ayfa elakm© a s´ sU m emtþ a edI r eTAtam pø Ú v en¼si n ehIyQrEbrmu x smwøgemI l eTATisxagekItmYysnÞ ú ¼ kñ ú g {kasEdl¹Qr

.

elakáneFV I t amsameNrena¼

ehI y án

seRmcKuNvi ess EdlsameNrena¼ánseRmcehI y . Gsu Parmμ N _ m Y y ánekI t RbeyaCn_ d l´ b u K : l 2 nak´ dU c EdlBN’ n amk en¼ . k¾ G su P armμ N _ e n¼

sU m ,I n w g manRbeyaCn_ d U c EdlBN’ n amk

en¼ ( Et ) Gsu P armμ N _ KW

®sI þ k¾ C a Gsb,ayrbs´ b u r s ehI y

Gsu P armμ N _ KW bu r s k¾ C a Gsb,ayrbs´ ® sI þ . Gsu P armμ N _ EdlCasPaK£nw g Kñ a bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ eTI b nw g Ca sb,ay eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ kar kM N t´ s b,ay y¨ a gen¼ eQμ a ¼fa sb,aysm,CBaØ

.

3¿ eKacrsm,CBaØ Etkareronyk eKacr eBalKW kmμd æ anEdlCaTI e Bjcitþrbs´

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-157- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ xø Ü n kñ ú g cM n Y n kmμ d æ a n 38 Rbkar ehI y TTY l ykkmμ d æ a nena¼ edI r eTA kñ ú g TI e KacredI m ,I P i k ç ú a car eQμ a ¼fa eKacrsm,CBaØ sRmab´ G ñ k man sb,ay£EdlmanRbeyaCn_ EdlkM N t´ e hI y y¨ a gen¼ . edI m ,I e sckI þ C ak´ c ,as´ é n eKacrsm,CBaØ ena¼ Gñ k si k ßaKY r RCab

sm,CBaØ

4

BY k

dU c teTAen¼

KW

Pi k ç ú r U b xø ¼ kñ ú g sasnaen¼

naM e TA mi n naM R tLb´ / rU b xø ¼ mi n naM e TA mi n naM R tLb´ / rU b xø ¼ TaM g naM e TA TaM g naM R tLb´ .

Pi k ç ú n aM e TA mi n naM R tLb´ bNþ a Pi k ç ú T aM g

4

BY k ena¼Ég

Pi k ç ú r U b Na

CRm¼ci t þ [ pU r pg´

cak nI v rNFm’ edaykarc®g; m edaykarGg: ú y rhU t mY y éf¶ rhU t bzmyaménraRtI k ¾ d U e cñ a ¼ kñ ú g mCÄi m yam elaksw g sU m ,I k ñ ú g bcä i m yam

k¾ [ evlaknø g eTAedaykarGg: ú y

dl´ k arnw g eFV I v tþ

TI l anRB¼ectI y _

karc®g; m

nw g eBaleTAfV I

lanRB¼eBaFi R Bw k ß

ni g eRsac

Tw k edI m eBaF× ni g tm; l ´ T w k qan´ Tw k eRbI R ás´ T u k smaTanbdi b ti þ v tþ kñ ú gKm< I rxn§ k£RKb´y ¨ag manGacri yvtþ nig«bCÄayvtþCaedIm elak eFV I F u r £Tak´ T gnw g ragkayehI y cU l eTAkan´ T I G g: ú y TI e dk ni g Gg: ú y EBnEPñ n

ceRmI n kmμ d æ a n

eRkakeLI g kñ ú g evlaPi k ç ú a car

ni g cI v recjGM B I e snasn£

mnsi k arkmμ d æ a neday

kan´ y káRt mati k akmμ d æ a n

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-158- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 ena¼Ég

edI r eTAkan´ l anRB¼ectI y _

Bu T § a nu s ßti C aGarmμ N _ e sat kan´ l anRB¼ectI y _

.

Rbsi n ebI m anRB¼kmμ d æ a n

k¾ k M u e á¼bg´ k mμ d æ a nena¼ecal

ebI m ankmμ d æ a ny¨ a gdéT

man

cU l eTA

KY r bBaÄb´ k mμ d æ a n

ena¼Tu k dU cykédcab´vtS údak´Tu kelIe CIgCeNIþ r ehI ykMNt´bIti man RB¼Bu T § C aGarmμ N _ eLI g eTAkan´ l anRB¼ectI y _ ( ebI ) ectI y _ F M KY r eFV I R bTkßi N 3 CM u e hI y fV a ybg: M T i s TaM g 4 ( ebI ) ectI y _ t U c KY r eFV I R bTkßi N y¨ a gena¼dU c Kñ a ehI y fV a ybg: M T i s TaM g 8 . lu ¼ fV a y bg: M R B¼ectI y _ e hI y eBaFi R Bw k ß

eTAdl´ l anRB¼eBaFi R Bw k ß

sEmþ g esckI þ e katERkg

RB¼PaKCam© a s´

.

KY r eFV I v nÞ n ki c © R B¼

dU c enAcM e Ba¼RB¼P®kþ R B¼man-

elakfV a ybg: M R B¼ectI y _

ni g edI m eBaFi R Bw k ß

y¨ a gen¼ehI y eTAkan´ T I E dlxø Ü n bgð a k´ k mμ d æ a nTu k TTY l ykkmμ d æ a n Edlbgð a k´ T u k ( rkßaTu k beNþ a ¼Gasnñ ) dU c ykédcab´ y kvtS ú E dl xø Ü n rkßaTu k

dU e cñ a ¼

ehI y XM ø ú c I v rkñ ú g TI C i t Rsú k

edaymankmμ d æ a nCa

sM x an´ e na¼Ég cU l eTARsú k edI m ,I b i N Ð á t . lu ¼ mnu s ßTaM g Lay eXI j elakehI y ánRáb´ K ñ a fa elak m© a s´ r bs´ e yI g mkehI y naM K ñ a eRkakTTY l elak TTY l ykáRt ni g [elakKg´ e lI s alaqan´ ¦elI p Þ ¼ fV a yyaKU lageCI g labeday eRbgfV a ydl´ e lak

lu ¼ elakeFV I P tþ k i c © e RscehI y

naM K ñ a Gg: ú y

xagmu x xø ¼ k¾ s Y r bBaH a xø ¼ k¾ R tÚ v karsþ a b´ F m’ . EtebI e Knw g [sEmþ g

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-159- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ (

Fmμ k fa )

RB¼Gdæ k facarüeBalTu k fa

KY r sEmþ g edayBi t

EdleQμ a ¼fa

edI m ,I s e®g: a ¼RbCaCn

.

Fmμ k fa

eRBa¼EdleQμ a ¼fa

Fmμ k fa eRkAcakkmμ d æ a nmi n man eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ lu ¼ elaksEmþ g Fm’ edaymankmμ d æ a nCasM x an´ e na¼Ég

qan´ G ahar

edaymankmμ d æ a nCa

sM x an´ e na¼Ég eFV I G nu e maTnaehI y kaleK[RtLb´ k¾ [ RtLb´ t am eKeTA

k¾ R tLb´ k ñ ú g TI e na¼Ég

eTI b eFV I d M e NI r teTA

.

lu ¼ sameNr

ni g Pi k ç ú k M e la¼EdlecjeTAmu n qan´ e RscehI y eXI j elak eTI b naM Kñ a eTATTY l áRt ni g cI v rrbs´ e lak . ánRCabfa Pi k ç ú c as´ e mI l mu x eXI j fa mi n Emn«bCÄayacarü rbs´ x ø Ü n ehI y eFV I ( GaKnþ ú k £ ) vtþ EteFV I t amkM N t´ E dlmkCY b Kñ a bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ . Pi k ç ú T aM g ena¼nw g sY r elakfa bu K : l TaM g ena¼CaGV I n w g elak Tak´ T gKñ a xagejamRsI ¦xagcM E NkejamRbú s ? elaknw g eqI ø y fa BY k elakeXI j GV I eTI b sY r ? sameNr ni g Pi k ç ú k M e la¼TaM g ena¼ Ráb´ f a bu K : l TaM g ena¼man esckI þ R sLaj´ r ab´ G ancM e Ba¼¹RB¼kru N ay¨ a gxø a M g . elakm© a s´ vtS ú N asU m ,I E tejamRsI ejamRbú s ( rbs´ ¹ ) k¾ e FV I á nlM á k

Gñ k TaM g ena¼eFV I r bs´ e na¼[¹

sU m ,I á Rt

ni g cI v r

rbs´ ¹ k¾ C arbs´ G ñ k TaM g ena¼ dU c Kñ a ( fV a y ) edayGanu P aBrbs´ Gñ k ena¼ kalmanP& y ¹k¾ m i n s: a l´ P & y eLI y kalmanesckþ I e Rsk

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-160- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 Xø a n

¹k¾ m i n s: a l´

kareRskXø a n

EdleQμ a ¼fa

BY k CnGñ k man

«bkar£dl´ ¹ dU e cñ ¼ nw g mi n man elakni y aydl´ K u N rbs´ m nu s ß TaM g ena¼

y¨ a gen¼

edI r eTA

Pi k ç ú e n¼elakehAfa

eQμ a ¼fa

naM e TA

mi n naM R tLb´ .

Pi k ç ú m i n naM e TA mi n naM R tLb´ Etfanw g eBalfV I d l´ Pi k ç ú m i n naM e TA mi n naM R tLb´ kalPi k ç ú N a eFV I v tþ b di b tþ i

manRbkardU c EdleBalmkehI y

etC£EdlekI t GM B I

kmμ nw g sEmþ g ecj ni g Elg Gnu á Ti n ñ k sgç a r cab´ y k «áTi n ñ k sgçar ejIs nw ghU recjGM B Iragkay nwgmin eLI gkan´v i fI énkmμd æan . nw g caM á c´ e BalfV I sU m ,I P i k ç ú e na¼nw g kan´ y káRt ni g cI v r nw g Rbjab´ eTAfV a ybgM : R B¼ectI y _

cU l Rsú k edI m ,I á yyaKU

ni g Pi k ç ú a kñ ú g evla

EdleKaTaM g LayecjeTA ( rksu I ) ena¼Ég ánáyyaKU e hI y eTAkan´ G asn£sala ( eragqan´ ) ehI y qan´ . xageRkayeday ehtu RtwmEtkarqan´ á yyaKU (

PaBekþ A

)

2-3

EdlekI t GM B I k mμ

Gnu á Ti n ñ k sgç a r

.

m¨at´rbs´ elak

nw g Elg

elaknw g rM l t´

bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼

«áTi n ñ k sgç a r

etC£

cab´ y k

karRkvl´ R kvayEdlekI t GM B I

eteCaFatu dU c gU t Tw k mY y ryqñ a M g qan´ á yyaKU edaymankmμ d æ a nCa sMxan´ lagáRt nigx< ú rmat´ e hIy mnsikarkmμd æ ankñú grvagPtþ Rtac´

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-161- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ eTAbi N Ðá tkñ ú gTId ¾ ess qan´ Gahar edaymankmμ d æanCasMxan´ taM g BI e na¼eTA nw g TTY l ykkmμ d æ a n EdlRákdeLI g Cab´ t Kñ a eTA ehI y edI r eTA Pi k ç ú e n¼ehAfa mi n naM e TA bu ¨ E nþ n aM R tLb´ . k¾ E dleQμ a ¼fa Pi k ç ú T aM g LayGñ k qan´ y aKU

RárB§ v i b sßna

ehI y seRmcRB¼Grhtþ

kñ ú g RB¼Bu T § s asnadU e cñ ¼ rab´ c M n Y n mi n án . kñ ú g eka¼sI h L£ ena¼ Ég

elI G asnsala

Pi k ç ú E dlqan´ y aKU e hI y

Gasn£sRmab´ G g: ú y qan´ y aKU seRmcGrhtþ

CaGñ k rs´ e nAedaykarRbmaTCaRbRktI RKb´ y ¨ a g

manci t þ C ab´ C M B ak´ n w g

sBaØ a Tu k xø ¼ fa

EdleQμ a ¼fa

k¾ m i n man

.

k¾ m i n man bu ¨ E nþ P i k ç ú N a

eá¼bg´ e calFu r £

ecetaxI l Fm’ kmμ d æ a nman

5

Tmø a yvtþ

Rbkar

mi n eFV I

cU l eTAkan´ R sú k edI m ,I

bi N Ð á t Rtac´ e TARcLÚ k RcLM edaykarRcLÚ k RcLM n w g RKhsS Edl mi n smKY r nw g qan´ ( manáRt ) TeTecjeTA Pi k ç ú e n¼ehAfa mi n naM eTA ni g mi n naM R tLb´ .

Pi k ç ú T aM g naM e TA TaM g naM R tLb´ cM E NkPi k ç ú e n¼Na EdleBalfa naM e TApg naM R tLb´ p g Pi k ç ú ena¼

Kb,I R CabánedayKtb,c© a Kti v tþ

rbs´ P i k ç ú G ñ k edI r RtLb´ e TA

RtLb´ m k eRBa¼fa ku l bu R tTaM g LayGñ k Ráfñ a RbeyaCn_ bY s kñ ú g sasnaehI y

kalnw g enAedaymñ a k´ É gcM n Y n 10 qñ a M x ø ¼

20 qñ a M x ø ¼

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-162- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 50

qñ a M x ø ¼

100

qñ a M x ø ¼

enAedayeFV I k ti k avtþ T u k fa

elakm© a s´

TaM g Lay mi n EmnbY s eKcbM N u l mi n EmnbY s eKcP& y mi n EmnbY s ciBaw©mCIvit

bu¨EnþRáfñanwgrYcputcakTukç

eTIbánbYskñúgRB¼BuT§sasna

en¼ eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ kñ ú g xN£edI r ena¼Ég elakTaM g LaycU r RKbsg; t ´ kie lsEdlekI teLI gkñ ú gevlaedI r kñúgxN£Qr k¾RKbsg;t´kie ls EdlekI t eLI g kñ ú g evlaQr EdlekI t eLI g kñ ú g evlaGg: ú y

kñ ú g xN£Gg: ú y

kñ ú g xN£edkena¼Ég

ki e lsEdlekI t eLI g kñ ú g evlaedk Tu k y¨ a gen¼ehI y

k¾ c U r RKbsg; t ´ k i e ls

.

Pi k ç ú T aM g ena¼

kalRtac´ e TAPi k ç ú a car

k¾ e dI r eTA

k¾ c U r RKbsg; t ´ lu ¼ eFV I k ti k avtþ manmnsi k ar

kmμ d æ a ntamsBaØ aena¼ RbsinebIki elsekI teLIgdl´ n rNa kñ ú gxN£ edI r kñ ú g rvagknø ¼ «sP£ mY y «sP£ knø ¼ Kavu t ¦mY y Kavu t mandu M f μ Pi k ç ú e na¼nw g RKbsg; t ´ k i e lsena¼ kñ ú g TI e na¼Ég kalmi n Gac ( RKb sg; t ´ á n ) dU e cñ a ¼ k¾ n w g Qb´ Qr . bnÞ a b´ B I e na¼

Pi k ç ú ( rU b déT )

sU m ,I t amBI e Rkayelakmk k¾ n w g Qb´ Qrtamelak nw g das´ e tOn xø Ü n Égfa

Pi k ç ú e n¼dw g vi t k; ³ EdlekI t dl´ e yI g

dl´ e lakeT

ehI y ceRmI n vi b sßna

esckþ I e n¼mi n smKY r

Qancu ¼ kan´ G ri y PU m i k ñ ú g TI e na¼

nu + ¼ Ég kñ ú g Baküfa kalmi n Gacy¨ a gena¼ elakk¾ n w g Gg: ú y bnÞ a b´ B I ena¼ Pi k ç ú G ñ k mkxageRkay elakk¾ n w g Gg: ú y tam k¾ m ann& y ena¼dU c Kñ a . sU m ,I m i n GacQancu¼kan´GriyPUmi án

k¾ n w gRKbsg;t´kie ls

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-163- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ ena¼Tu k

edIrmnsi karEtmü¨ a g

mi n elI k eCI g eLI g

TaM g Edlmanci t þ

Ráscakkmμ d æ a n ebI e lI k ( edaymanci t þ R áscakkmμ d æ a n ) k¾ n w g RtLb´ e TAkan´ k Enø g edI m ena¼Ég

dU c

mhabu s ßeTvetS r

Gñ k Rsú k

Gali n Þ k £ .

erOgRB¼mhabu s ßeTvetS r tM N almkfa elakánbM e Bj Ktb,c© a Kti k vtþ ( vtþ r bs´ Gñ kedI rRtLb´ eTA RtLb´m k) enAkEnø gEtmYy Gs´ evla 19 vsßa . án|fa sU m ,I m nu s ßTaM g LaykM B u g P¢ Ü r kM B u g sabeRBa¼ kM B u g Rcác´ eFV I k arCamY y Kñ a eXI j RB¼efr£edI r y¨ a gena¼ eTI b snÞ n aKñ a fa RB¼efr£ rU b en¼edI r RtLb´ e TA

RtLb´ m k

Kg´ n w g vegV g pø Ú v

¦ePø c GV I e Tdw g

?

elakminykci tþ T u kdak´kñ ú gBaküTaMgena¼ eFVI smNFm’ edayTaMgci tþ EdlRbkbedaykmμ d æ a nena¼Ég 20

.

ánseRmcGrhtþ

xagkñ ú g vsßaTI

kñ ú g éf¶ E dlelakánseRmcRB¼Grhtþ e na¼Ég

eTvtaEdl

sS i t enAxagcu g pø Ú v c®g; m rbs´ e lak ánQrelI k RmamédCM n Y s RbTI b sU m ,I mharaCTaM g 4 sk; e TvraC ni g shm,tI R Bhμ k¾ á nnaM K ñ a mkkan´ s mñ a k´ r bs´ ( elak ) . RB¼vnvasI t i s ßmhaefr eXI j BnW ø e na¼ehI y

kñ ú g éf¶ T I

2

eTI b ánsY r

mhabu s ßetS r

Gñ k Rsú k

Gali n Þ k ³fa evlaraRtI kñ ú g smñ a k´ r bs´ e lak ánmanBnW ø BnW ø n u + ¼ Ca

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-164- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 BnW ø G V I

?

RB¼efr£kalnw g eBalbg; b ´ e sckI þ

manCaGaT× y ¨ a gen¼fa

Fmμ t aBnW ø

eTI b ánni y ayBakü

k¾ K g´ C aBnW ø r bs´ R bTI b xø ¼

CaBnW ø

rbs´ E kvmu n I x ø ¼ . tmkelakbBa¢ a k´ RB¼vnvasI t i s ß mhaefr fa elakcU r bi T áM g Tu k dw g fa elakTTY l BaküehI y eTI b Ráb´ . dU c RB¼mhanaKetS r Gñ k Rsú k kalvlø i m NÐ b .

erOgRB¼mhanaKetS r ánRCabfa sUm,I RB¼efr£rUb ena¼ kalbMeBjKtb,c©aKtik vtþ ánGFi d æ a nc®g; m Etmü¨ a g Gs´ e vla 7 qñ a M fa eyI g nw g bU C aesckI þ Büayam

d¾ F M é RkElgrbs´ R B¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´ C abzmmu n

án

bM eBjKtb,c©aKti k vtþ 16 qñaMeTot eTI bánseRmcRB¼Grhtþ elak manci t þ R bkbedayRB¼kmμ d æ a nena¼Ég elI k eCI g eLI g fyRtLb´ kñ ú g xN£elI k Rsú k

( eCI g )

eLI g

edayci t þ R áscakkmμ d æ a n

QrXM ø ú c I v rkñ ú g TI E dleFV I [ mnu s ßsgß& y fa

emeKa

edI r eTACi t ¦Pi k ç ú

?

eRbI T w k GM B I T I c enø a ¼edI m éRC lagáRt ehI y k¾ e bomTw k Tu k kñ ú g mat´ . eRBa¼ehtuGVI ? eRBa¼elakKitfa sUmeyIgkuMáneá¼bg´ecalkmμdæan sUm,IedayehtuEdlniyaynwgmnusß

EdlmkfVayPikçúa

¦mnsikar

fa sU m manGayu u y W n yU r cu ¼ . Et ( ebI ) RtÚ v sY r dl´ é f¶ f a éf¶ e n¼ Caéf¶ G V I elakm© a s´ ¦sY r cM n Y n Pi k ç ú

sY r bBaH a k¾ n w g elbTw k ehI y

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-165- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ Ráb´ Rbsi n ebI m i n manGñ k sY r dl´ é f¶ C aedI m evlaecjeTA k¾ x < ú r Tw k ecj ( GM B I m at´ ) Rtg´ e xø a gTV a rRsú k ehI y eTI b eTAdU c Pi k ç ú 50 rU b EdlcaM v sßaÉ klm< t i t S v i h ar .

erOgPi k ç ú 50 rU b án|mkfa kñ ú g éf¶ GasaLbu N Ñ m I ( Bak´ k Nþ a lEx 8 ) h

elakTaM g ena¼

áneFV I k ti k avtþ T u k fa

ebI B Y k eyI g mi n Tan´ s eRmc

RB¼Grhtþ e T nw g mi n ni y ayCECkKñ a . ehI y kalnw g cU l kan´ R sú k bi N Ð á t ( mY y rU b @ ) k¾ e bomTw k ehI y eTI b cU l eTA kalRtÚ v sY r dl´ é f¶ C aedI m

k¾ b di b ti þ d U c EdleBalmkehI y ena¼Ég

TaM g LayeXI j sñ a mx< ú r Tw k

kñ ú g TI e na¼ehI y

mY y rU b

eTI b Ki t Kñ a y¨ a gen¼fa

éf¶ e n¼mk

2

rU b

k¾ d w g fa

.

mnu s ß

éf¶ e n¼Pi k ç ú m k

elakTaM g en¼mi n

ni y ayrkcM e Ba¼EtBY k eyI g ¦y¨ a gNa ? ¦sU m ,I B Y k Kñ a elakk¾ m i n ni y ayEdr ? Rbsi n ebI e lakmi n ni y ayKñ a elaknw g vi v aTKñ a CaBi t Rákd

eNI H y cu ¼ eyI g TaM g Laynw g [elaksU m xmaeTasKñ a RKb´

Gg: eTI b naM K ñ a eTAvtþ k¾ m i n áneXI j RB¼Pi k ç ú k ñ ú g TI E tmY y dl´ 2 rU b kñ ú g cM n Y n Pi k ç ú 50 rU b . tmk bNþ a mnu s ßTaM g Layena¼ Gñ k man bBaØ a lð k¾ n i y ayfa Gñ k TaM g LayeGI y mnu s ßeQø a ¼RbEkkKñ a nw g mi n man{kas dU e cñ ¼

lanRB¼ectI y _ lanRB¼eBaFi R Bw k ß

k¾ e ás

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-166- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 y¨ a gsð a t

GM e ásk¾ r kßaTu k y¨ a glð

Tw k qan´

Tw k eRbI R ás´

k¾ c at´

EcgTu k y¨ a glð . tBI e na¼ BY k mnu s ßTaM g ena¼ k¾ n aM K ñ a RtLb´ e TApÞ ¼ vi j . kñ ú g xagkñ ú g RB¼vsßaena¼Ég RB¼Pi k ç ú s U m ,I T aM g ena¼ k¾ s eRmc Grhtþ k ñ ú g éf¶ mhabvarNa eTI b bvarNaKñ a eday vi s u T i § b varNa .

Pi k ç ú m anci t þ R bkbedaykmμ d æ a nena¼Ég sU m,I Ci tdl´Rsú kehIy

ebomTw kTukkñúgmat´

Exß Edlmi n manmnu s ßeQø a ¼Kñ a El,gPñ a l´ C aedI m pø Ú v ena¼

dU c

caM v sßakñ ú g

elI k eCI g eLI g

klm< t i t S v i h ar

BicarNaemIl pøÚveRcIn

mi n manGñ k elgsu r a ni g Gñ k elg

¦mi n mandM r I k ac

RB¼naKetS r

( edI r eTA )

es¼kacCaedI m

Gñ k Rsú k

ehI y edI r eTA

kalvli ø m NÐ b

ni g dU c Pi k ç ú

dU c EdlánBN’ n amken¼

elakkal

nw g Rtac´ e TAbi N Ð á tkñ ú g Rsú k ena¼ k¾ m i n edI r elOn dU c mnu s ßRbjab´ Rbjal´

.

eRBa¼fa

mi n manFu t g: G V I

EdlmaneQμ a ¼fa

CaFu t g:

sRmab´ G ñ k edI r bi N Ð á telOn . Etfa edI r mi n RKElgkay dU c reT¼ pÞ ú k Tw k eBj

( eTA )

dl´ é pÞ d I E dlrabesI μ

.

ehI y cU l eTAtam

lM d ab´ p Þ ¼ ( Qr ) rg´ c aM e Blevlad¾ s mKY r edI m ,I s eg; t emI l fa eK Ráfñ a nw g fV a y ( dak´ á Rt ) ¦mi n Ráfñ a nw g fV a y TTY l Pi k ç a ehI y ( enA )

kñ ú g Rsú k

¦eRkARsú k

¦mkkan´ v i h arena¼Ég

Gg: ú y kñ ú g

{kasEdlsmKYrtamsb,ayehIy mnsikarkmμdæan kMNt´bdikUlsBaØ a kñ ú g Gahar Bi c arNaedaykareRbóbeFobnw g eRbgbnþ k ´ e Pø A reT¼

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-167- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ sM B t´ r u M d M e Á

ni g sac´ k U n

naM G aharEdlRbkbedayGg:

edI m ,I n w g elgdU c ekμ g Gñ k Rsú k k¾ e T kñ ú g bu r I k ¾ e T

8

edI m ,I n w g Rbdab´ t ak´ E tg

edI m ,I n w g eFV I i [ pU r pg´ s m,ú r dU c Gñ k elgráM k ¾ e T

mk

dU c ®sI þ nw g qan´

ehI y erobcM T u k dak´ T w k ( qan´ / lag ) CaeRsc rM g ab´ e sckI þ l M á k EdlekI t GM B I G ahar ( Rsvw g áy ) mY y EPø t

eTI b mnsi k arkmμ d æ a n

ena¼Ég kñ ú g evlaeRkayBI q an´ dU c evlamu n qan´ kñ ú g evlabcä i m yam dUcevlabzmyam . PikçúrUben¼ ehAánfa TaMgnaMeTA nignaM RtLb´ . k¾ e lakkalbM e Bj Ktb,c© a Kti k vtþ eBalKW karnaM e TA ni g naM R tLb´ e n¼

ebI m an«bni s ß& y sm,Ú N ’ e sat

kñ ú g bzmyamena¼Ég

k¾ n w g seRmcGrhtþ

Rbsi n ebI m i n seRmckñ ú g bzmyam

teTAk¾ n w g

seRmckñ ú g mCÄi m yam Rbsi n ebI k ñ ú g mCÄi m yammi n seRmc teTAnw g seRmckñ ú g mrNsm& y Rbsi n ebI k ñ ú g mrNsm& y mi n seRmc teTA k¾ n w g CaeTvbu R tehI y seRmc Rbsi n ebI C aeTvbu R tk¾ e nAmi n ánseRmc kalRB¼Bu T§Cam©as´ esþ cmi n Tan´«b,tiþ nwgekI teLI g k¾ e FV I[Cak´c,as´ nU v

bec© k eBaFi B aØ a N

ebI m i n eFV I [ Cak´ c ,as´ C a

bec© k eBaFi B aØ a N

teTAnw g CaGñ k Rtas´ d w g edayqab´ r h& s ( xi b ,aPi B aØ a bu K : l ) cM e Ba¼ RB¼P®kþ r bs´ RB¼Bu T § C am© a s´ T aM g Lay dU c RB¼Bahi y Taruc I r i y etS r / nw g manbBaØ a eRcI n dU c

RB¼sarI b u R t

ni g man¬Ti § e RcI n dU c

RB¼mha-

emaK: l ø a netS r ni g CaGñ k Ráb´ F u t g: d U c RB¼mhaksßbetS r ni g CaGñ k

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-168- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 manTi B V c kç ú d U c RB¼Gnu r u T § e tS r ni g CaRB¼vi n & y FrdU c RB¼«bli e tS r ni g CaRB¼Fmμ f i k dU c RB¼bu N Ñ m nþ a nI b u R tetS r ni g CaGñ k enAéRBCaRbcaM d U c RB¼ervtetS r

ni g CaBhU s U t dU c

RB¼GannÞ e tS r

¦nw g CaGñ k Ráfñ a kar

si k ßadU c RB¼rahu l etS r Bu T § b u t þ dU e cñ ¼ .

Pi k ç ú G ñ k naM e TA ni g naM R tLb´ k ñ ú g 4 var£en¼ nw g man eKacrsm,CBaØ dl´ k M B U l ( vi b sßna ) edayRbkardU c EdlBN’ n amk en¼ .

4¿ Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ ³ cM E Nkkarmi n vegV g

kñ ú g karQaneTAmu x CaedI m

eQμ a ¼fa

Gsemμ ahsm,CBaØ / Gsemμa hsm,CBaØ ena¼ Kb,I RCaby¨ agen¼ .

Pi i k ç ú k ñ ú g RB¼sasnaen¼

kalQaneTAxagmu x

¦fyRtLb´

nw g mi n

vegV g dU c Gn§ b u f u C ¢ n ( vegV g ) fa xø Ü n QaneTAxagmu x xø Ü n [ekI t karQaneTAxagmu x QaneTAxagmu x

¦fa

eyI g QaneTAxagmu x

kñ ú g karQaneTAxagmu x CaedI m

eyI g [ekI t kar kalekI t karKi t

( ci t þ ) eLI g fa eyI g nw g mi n vegV g QaneTAxagmu x vaeyaFatu Edl manci t þ C asmu d æ a n

kal[ekI t vi B aØ t i þ e LI g

nw g ekI t eLI g RBmCamY y

ci t þ d Y g ena¼ @ Ég . eRKagqð w g Edlsmμ t i f akayen¼ nw g QaneTA xagmu x

edayGM N acénkarpßayeTAén

vaeyaFatu

EdlekI t GM B I

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-169- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ ki r i y arbs´ c i t þ

edayRbkary¨ a gen¼

QaneTAxagmu x

kñ ú g karelI k eCI g Etmç a geLI g

bzvI F atu ni g GaeáFatu

nw g ti c

kaleRKagqð w g ena¼@ Fatu

2

Ég

y: a g

KW

nw g fycu ¼ . Fatu 2 y¨ a g eTot

eRkAGM B I e n¼ ( eteCaFatu ) nw g mankmø a M g xø a M g éRkElgeLI g . kñ ú g karQaneTA

ni g karbnþ C M h aneTA

eteCaFatu

vaeyaFatu

(

Edl

RbRBw tþ e TAehI y ) kñ ú gkarelI k ( eCI g ) ecjeTAnwgti c nwgfycu ¼ .

Fatu 2 y¨ a geToteRkAGM B I e n¼ ( bzvI / Gaeá ) nw g mankmø a M g xø a M g éRkElgeLI g . kñ ú g karCan´ ni g karTb´ rU b Fm’ ni g GrU b Fm’ ’ Edl eRbI k ñ ú g karelI k ( eCI g ) eLI g ena¼ k¾ y ¨ a gena¼ mi n dl´ k arQaneTA kñ ú g TI E dleRbI k ñ ú g karQaneCI g eTA k¾ T M n gdU c Kñ a mi n dl´ k arbnþ C M h an eTA mi n dl´ k areá¼ ( eCI g ) ecj mi n eRbI k ñ ú g kareá¼ ( CM h an ) ecjeTA k¾mi nmandl´karCan´ EdleRbIkñ úgkarCan´ k¾mi ndl´ karTb´ . kéd

keCI g RKb´ y ¨ a g

ena¼n+ u ¼ Ég

ni g TI ¿ tRKb´ k Enø g

nw g lan´ | eRb¼eRá¼

RbRBw t þ e TAtamTM n gkñ ú g TI

dU c RKab´ l ¶ E dleá¼cu ¼ kñ ú g xÞ ¼ Edl

ekþ A . kñ ú g erOgena¼ nw g mannrNamñ a k´ Q aneTA ¦nw g mankarQan eTArbs´ n rNamñ a k´ karBi t ( eBal ) edaybrmtS e hI y KW karedI r rbs´ F atu b u ¨ e NÑ a ¼ karQr / karGg: ú y karedk / k¾ r bs´ F atu ( mi n Emnrbs´ n rNa ) . eRBa¼fa

kñ ú g cM E Nkena¼ @ ci t þ d Y g déTekI t dY g déT

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-170- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 rlt´ R BmCamY y nw g rU b ( mY y dY g @ mi n EmndY g dU c Kñ a ) dU c RkEsTw k EdlhU r Cab´ t Kñ a eTA

manrlk

dU e cñ a ¼

dU e cñ ¼ Ég . karmi n vegV g

kñ ú g karQaneTAxagmu x CaedI m

dU c EdlBN’ n a

mken¼ eQμ a ¼fa Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ dU e cñ ¼ Ég . CakarEdlbBa© b ´ karGFi b ,ayfa

CaGñ k eFV I e sckI þ d w g xø Ü n kñ ú g karQaneTAmu x

fyeRkay

k¾ k arsmw ø g emI l eTAxagmu x

.

eQμ a ¼fa

ni g kar

Gaelaki t

( karRkeLkemI l eTAxagmu x ) kñ ú g Baküfa Gaelaki e t vi e laki e t en¼ karsmw ø g emI l eTAtamGnu T i s ( Ti s eqog ) eQμ a ¼fa vi e laki t ( kargakemI l xageqV g -emI l xagsþ a M )

man}ri y abfsU m ,I y ¨ a gdéT

eTot

ni g karEbreTAmk

eQμ a ¼fa

{ncu ¼

karegI y eLI g

edaykar

smw ø g emI l xageRkam smw ø g emI l xagelI smw ø g sgxag . }ri y abf TaM g en¼

RTg´ m i n kan´ y kkñ ú g TI e n¼

.

EtedaykarsmKY r

RTg´ k an´

yk 2 y¨ a gen¼ bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ ¦edayesckI þ s M x an´ ( mu x ) en¼ RTg´ kan´ y ksU m ,I T aM g Gs´ e na¼Ég dU e cñ ¼ . bNþ a

sm,CBaØ

TaM g ena¼

smw ø gemIl edayGM N acéncitþbu¨eNÑa¼

karKi t dl´ R beyaCn_

edaymi n

kalekItkarKiteLI gfa

eyI g

nw g smw ø g emI l eQμ a ¼fa satS k sm,CBaØ . satS k sm,CBaØ ena¼ Kb,IRCabedayelI kyk RB¼nnÞ GñkmankayCasakßI ( mk«bma ) .

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-171- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ smBi t dU c EdlRB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´ á nRtas´ T u k fa mñ a lPi k ç ú T aM g Lay

Rbsi n ebI

nnÞ

caM á c´ s mw ø g emI l Ti s xagekI t

RbmU l ykvtS ú R Kb´ y ¨ a gedayci t þ e hI y

nnÞ

k¾ n w g

eTI b smw ø g emI l Ti s xagekI t

edayKi t fa kaleyI g smw ø g emI l Ti s xagekI t y¨ a gen¼ehI y GPi C Äa eTamnsß KW Gku s lkmμ d ¾ l amk nw g mi n RKbsg; t ´ e yI g . eday RbkardU e cñ ¼

Pi k ç ú k ñ ú g Fmμ v i n & y en¼

nw g CaGñ k manesckI þ d w g xø Ü n

kñ ú g

satS k sm,CBaØ £ ena¼ . mñ a lPi k ç ú T aM g Lay Rbsi n ebI nnÞ nw g RtÚ v smw ø g emI l Ti s xagli c

Ti s xageCI g

Ti s xagt,Ú g

Ti s xagelI

Ti s xageRkam ni g Ti s eqogTaM g Lay nnÞ k¾ n w g RbmU l ykRKb´ y ¨ a g edayci t þ e hI y

eTI b nw g smw ø g emI l Ti s eqogTaM g Lay

edayKi t fa

kaleyI g smw ø g emI l Ti s eqogTaM g Lay y¨ a gen¼ .l. nw g CaGñ k manesckI þ d w g xø Ü n kñ ú g satS k sm,CBaØ ena¼ . k¾ m ü¨ a geTot sU m ,I k ñ ú g sm,CBaØ b BV £ en¼ KY r nw g RCab satS k sm,CBaØ ni g sb,aysm,CBaØ

edaykareXI j RB¼ectI y _

Edl

áneBalmkehI y kñ ú g xagedI m CaedI m cu ¼ . cM E Nkkarmi n l¼bg´ k mμ d æ a nena¼Ég

eQμ a ¼fa

eKacrsm,-

CBaØ eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ Gñ k ceRmI n kmμ d æ a n manxn§ Fatu ni g Gaytn£Ca Garmμ N _ KY r eFV I k arRkeLkemI l xagmu x ni g karRkeLkeqV g sþ a M e day GM N ackmμ d æ a nrbs´ x ø Ü n bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼

¦fa

Gñ k ceRmI n kmμ d æ a nmanksi N

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-172- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 CaedI m ( CaGarmμ N _ ) KY r eFV I k arRkeLkemI l xagmu x ni g karRkeLk emI l eqV g sþ a M edayGakar mankmμ d æ a nCakarsM x an´ d U c Kñ a . Fmμ t a Gtþ a kñ ú g xagkñ ú g eQμ a ¼fa

CaGñ k RkeLkemI l eTAxagmu x

ni g gakeqV g

sþ a M m i n man EtkalekI t karKi t eLI g fa eyI g nw g RkeLkemI l eTAxag mu x vaeyaFatu EdlekI t GM B I c i t þ kalnw g [vi B aØ a NekI t k¾ n w g ekI t eLI g RBmCamY y nw g ci t þ d Y g ena¼ @ Ég . edayRbkardU e cñ ¼ sM b k EPñ k

( RtbkEPñ k )

xagelI Fatu

xageRkam

k¾ n w g ebI k eLI g xagelI

k¾ n w g bgç i t cu ¼ xageRkam

sM b kEPñ k

edayGM N ackarpßayeTAénvaeya-

EdlekI t GM B I k i r i y arbs´ c i t þ

.

mi n mannrNaEdleQμ a ¼fa

ebI k ( RtbkEPñ k ) edayeRKÓgynþ E kécñ . tBI e na¼eTA

ckç ú v i B aØ a Nnw g ekI t eLI g eFV I

Tsßnki c ©

(

kar

eXI j ) k¾ e sckI þ d w g xø Ü n dU c EdlBN’ n amken¼ eQμ a ¼fa Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ kñ ú g GFi k arén sm,CBaØ en¼ . mü¨ a geTot kñ ú g erOgsm,CBaØ £ en¼ Kb,I R Cab Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ sU m ,I e dayGM N acCa mU l bri B aØ a ( karkM N t´ d w g fñ a k´ e dI m ) Ca GaKnþ ú k £ ( CaePJ ó v ) ni g Ca tavkali k ( RbRBw t þ e TAmY y RKa ) . KY r RCab Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ edayGM N ac mU l bri B aØ a (dU c teTAen¼)

½

Pvg: ³ ( ci t þ e nAkñ ú g Pvg: ³ ) 1 / GavC¢ n ³ ( karr\kdl´ Garmμ N _ ) 1 / Tsßn³ ( kareXI j Garmμ N _ ) 1 /

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-173- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ sm,di c ä n ñ ³ ( karTTY l Garmμ N _ ) 1 / snI þ r N³ ( karBi c arNaGarmμ N _ ) 1 / evadæ B V n ³ ( karkat´ k I þ Garmμ N _ ) 1 / TI 7 KW Cvn 1 .

naTI r bs´ c i t þ mY y xN£ @ bNþ a ci t þ T aM g [seRmc

7

ki r i y amenaFatu

GavC¢ n ki c © [ seRmc nw g eFV I

Tsßnki c ©

vi á kmenaFatu di c ä n ñ k i c ©

ena¼ Pvg: e FV I k i c ©

rlt´ e TA

Caehtu é n«bbti þ P B

jú a M g Pvg: e na¼[vi l RtLb´

eRBa¼

GavC¢ n ki c ©

[RbRBw t þ e TA

nw g eFV I

KW

eRBa¼

sm,di c ä n ñ k i c ©

menavi B aØ a NFatu

eRBa¼

snþ I r Nki c ©

ena¼rlt´ e TA

nw g [

evadæ B V n ki c ©

RbRBw t þ e TA

ena¼rlt´ e TA Tsßnki c ©

[RbRBw t þ e TA

eRBa¼

evadæ B V n ki c ©

ckç ú v i B aØ a N ena¼rlt´ e TA

eRBa¼

EdlCavi á keFV I

menavi B aØ a NFatu

ehI y eFV I

sm,-

snþ I r Nki c © EdlCaki r i y a

ena¼

rlt´ e TA

Cvn nw g sÞ ú ¼ eTA 7 xN£ bNþ a Cvn TaM g 7 ena¼ cM e Ba¼ Cvn dM bU g karsmø w gemIl nigkargakeqV gsþaM edayGM Nacesckþ IeRtkGr ni g karfñ a M g fñ a k´

ni g esckþ I v egV g fa

en¼Ca®sþ I

en¼CaRbú s

ni g

mi n mankñ ú g CvnTI 2 kþ I .l. kñ ú g CvnTI 7 kþ I ( k¾ n w g mi n man ) .

Etkal vi f I c i t þ TaM g en¼EbkFø a yeTAehI y edayGM N acci t þ d Y g dMbUg rhU t dl´ c i t þ d Y g cu g eRkay

.

dU c Tahankñ ú g smrPU m i

kalRkeLk

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-174- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 emI l eTAxagmu x

ni g karRkeLkeqV g -sþ a M

edayGMNacesckþIRbkan´

CaedImfa en¼Ca®sIþ en¼Cabursk¾nwgman .

Kb,I R Cab

Gsemμ a h-

sm,CBaØ edayGM N acCa mU l bri B aØ a kñ ú g }ri y abfbBV en¼ dU c EdlBN’ n amken¼mu n . k¾ k alrU b Rákdkñ ú g ckç ú T V a rehI y tGM B I Pvg: c ln (

Pvg: -

j& r ) eTA kalvi f I c i t þ m an GavC¢ n CaedI m ekI t eLI g ehI y rlt´ e TA edayGM N aceFV I k i c © r bs´ x ø Ü n [seRmckñ ú g TI b M p u t Cvnena¼

nw g dU c bu r sEdlCaePJ ó vrbs´

vi f I c i t þ

Cvn

k¾ e kI t eLI g

manGavC¢ n £CaedI m

EdlekI t eLI g mu n ( mkdl´ ) TV a r KW EPñ k ( ckç ú T V a r ) EdleRbób dU c pÞ ¼

sU m ,I k alvi f I c i t þ

Gn´ c i t þ

mi n vegV g kñ ú g

Cvn£ena¼

nw g eRtkGr

manGavC¢ n £CaedI m ckç ú T V a r

mi n eRtkGr

mi n Gak´

EdldU c CapÞ ¼ rbs´ G avC¢ n £CaedI m

nw g fñ a M g fñ a k´ c i t þ

nw g vegV g k¾ m i n RtÚ v

dU c Ca

bu r sEdlCaePJ ó vcU l eTAsu M G V I @ kñ ú g pÞ ¼ Gñ k déT kalm© a s´ p Þ ¼ Gg: ú y es¶ ó m nw g eFV I k arbg: a b´ k ¾ m i n RtÚ v dU e cñ a ¼ Kb,I R Cab Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ eRbóbdU c CaePJ ó v dU c EdlBN’ n amken¼ . mü¨ a geTot ckç ú T V a rTaM g en¼

ci t þ m an

evadæ B V n

nw g rlt´ e TAkú ñ g TI e na¼

CaTI b M p u t EdlekI t eLI g kñ ú g @

RBmCamY y

sm,yu t þ F m’

nw g mi n ánCY b Kñ a eLI y eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ ci t þ e RkABI e n¼ eTI b RbRBw t þ e TAmY y RKa mY y xN£bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼

.

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-175- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ kñ ú g esckI þ e na¼ Gñ k si k ßaKY r RCab Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ eday karRbRBw t þ e TAmY y CY r xN£ mnu s ßsø a b´ G s´ e hI y sø a b´ e TAeTot

y¨ a gen¼fa

kñ ú g pÞ ¼ mY y CamY y Kñ a

mnu s ßmñ a k´ E dlenAsl´

kñ ú g kalmi n yU r dU c Kñ a

eQμ a ¼fa

kal

EdlFmμ t ak¾ n w g nw g enAmanesckI þ

rI k raykñ ú g karraM E rk ni g kareRcógCaedI m mi n Rtw m RtÚ v y¨ a gNa kal GavC¢n cit þ CaedI m Edlsm,yu tþkñ úgTVarEtmYy rlt´ eTAkñúgTI ena¼ @ Ég sU m ,I Cvnci t þ d¾ e ss k¾ n w g mankarrlt´ e TACaFmμ t a xagkñ ú g mi n yU r bu ¨ n μ a ndU c Kñ a

eQμ a ¼fa

nw g enAmanesckI þ r I k ray

enAeday

GM N ackarrI k ray karGak´ Gn´ c i t þ ni g karvegV g mi n Rtw m RtÚ v eLI y dU e cñ a ¼ dU c Kñ a . mü¨ a geTot

Kb,I R Cab

Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ

en¼

edaykar

Bi c arNa xn§ Gaytn£ Fatu ni g bc© & y ( dU c teTAen¼ ) ½ GFi b ,ayfa

kñ ú g Baküfa

xn§ C aedI m en¼

TaM g ckç ú

TaM g rU b

eQμ a ¼fa rU b kç n § kareXI j eQμ a ¼fa vi B aØ a Nkç n § karesayGarmμ N _ Edlsm,yu t þ C amY y nw g vi B aØ a Nkç n § e na¼ eQμ a ¼fa evTnaxn§ karcaM ánsm: a l´ á n eQμ a ¼fa sBaØ a xn§ Fm’ m an psß CaedI m eQμ a ¼fa sgç a rkç n §

eRBa¼xn§ T aM g en¼

ni g karRkeLkemI l eqV g

mkRbCM u K ñ a

RkeLkemI l sþ a M

karRkeLkemI l eTAxagmu x eTI b Rákd

.

kalkar

RkeLkemI l eTAmu x ni g karRkeLkemI l eqV g RkeLkemI l sþ a M Rákd

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-176- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 edayGM N acbBa© k ç n § e na¼ ( nw g man ) sU m ,I n rNaRtw m Etmñ a k´ R keLk emI l eTAmu x nw g mannrNaRtw m Etmñ a k´ R keLkemI l xagsþ a M .

RbkarmY y eTot ckç ú eQμ a ¼fa ckç a ytn£ rU b eQμ a ¼fa rU á ytn£ kareXI j eQμ a ¼fa mnaytn£ sm,yu t þ F m’ T aM g Lay man evTnaCaedI m eQμ a ¼fa Fmμ a ytn£ eRBa¼Gaytn£ 4 ena¼ mkRbCM u Kñ a y¨ a gena¼Ég

karRkeLkemI l eTAmu x

ni g karRkeLkemI l eqV g

RkeLkemI l sþ a M eTI b Rákd . kalkarRkeLkemI l eTAmu x ni g kar RkeLkemI l eqV g RkeLkemI l sþ a M RákdmanedayGM N acGaytn£ 4 ena¼ ebI d U e cñ ¼ nw g mannrNamñ a k´ R keLkemI l eTAmu x RkeLkeqV g sþ a M e TA . mü¨ a geTot ckç ú eQμ a ¼fa ckç ú F atu rU b eQμ a ¼fa rU b Fatu kareXI j eQμ a ¼fa ckç ú v i B aØ a NFatu evTnaCaedI m Edlsm,yu t þ C a mY y nw g ckç ú v i B aØ a NFatu ena¼ eQμ a ¼fa Fmμ F atu eRBa¼Fatu 4 en¼ mkRbCM u K ñ a y¨ a gen¼ eTATi s epßg

@

karRkeLk eTI b Rákd

emI l eTAmu x

ni g karRkeLkemI l

kalkarRkeLkemI l eTAmu x

ni g kar

RkeLkemI l eTATi s epßg @ RákdedayGM N acFatu 4 ena¼ nw g mannrNaRtw m Etmñ a k´

mkRkeLkemI l eTAmu x

ni g mannrNaRtw m Et

mñ a k´ mkRkeLkemI l eTATi s epßg @ eTA . mü¨ a geTot

ckç ú

Cani s ßyb,c© & y

/

rU b

CaGarmμ N b,c© & y

GavC¢ n CaGnnþ r b,c© & y smnnþ r b,c& © y «bni s ßyb,c© & y ntS i b ,-

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-177- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ c© & y ni g vi K tb,c© & y / Gaelak ( BnW ø ) Ca«bni s ßyb,c© & y / evTna

CaedI m

CashCatb,c© & y

.

eRBa¼bc© & y TaM g ena¼

RbCM u K ñ a

y¨ agena¼ karRkeLkemIl eTAmux nigkarRkeLk emI l eTATisepßg @ eTI b Rákd Ti s epßg Etmñ a k´

kalkarRkeLkemI l eTAxagmu x @

RákdedayGM N acbc© & y TaM g ena¼

mkemI l eTAmu x

eTATi s epßg

ni g karRkeLkemI l eTA

@

.

nw g mannrNaRtw m

ni g mannrNaRtw m Etmñ a k´

Kb,I R Cab

Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ

mkRkeLkemI l sU m ,I e daykar

Bi c arNa xn§ Gaytn Fatu ni g bc© & y kñ ú g karRkeLkemI l eTAmu x ni g karRkeLkemI l eTATi s epßg @ en¼ dU c EdlBN’ n amken¼Ég . bTfa smμ i B a¢ i e t bsari e t ándl´ karbt´ é deCI g cU l ni g laédeCI g ecj . bNþ a sm,CBaØ £ TaM g 4 ena¼ karmi n eFV I k arbt´ ni g karlaecjeTA edayGM N acci t þ ( karKi t ) Etmü¨ a g EtBi e RKa¼ Bi c arNaemI l RbeyaCn_ ¦mi n RbeyaCn_ eRBa¼mankarbt´ c U l ni g karlaéd ¦eCI gecjeTACabc©&y ehI yelIkykEtRbeyaCn_ eQμ a¼ fa

satS k sm,CBaØ

kñ ú g karbt´ c U l

ni g karlaecjeTAena¼

Kb,I

RCabkarBi e RKa¼Bi c arNadl´ k armi n manRbeyaCn_ y¨ a gen¼fa kal éd

¦eCI g bt´ c U l mkyU r

@

¦laéd

¦eCI g ecjeTAyU r

@

evTna

nw g ekI t RKb´ @ kal . ci t þ k ¾ n w g mi n CaÉkK: t aci t þ ( mi n CasmaFi ) kmμ d æ a nk¾ n w g mi n ceRmI n elaknw g mi n ánseRmcKu N vi e ss . Etbt´

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-178- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 cU l smlμ m laecjeTAsmlμ m evTnanw g mi n ekI t eLI g ( eLI y ) citþnwgCa ÉkK:ta kmμdæank¾nwgdl´esckIþceRmIn elaknwgánseRmc Ku N vi e ss

rI É cM E Nkbc© & y

Bi c arNasS a nTI E dlCaTI s b,ay

sU m ,I m anRB¼eyaKavcrenABi e RKa¼ ni g mi n sb,ay

ehI y eRCI s yk

sS a nTI E dlsb,ay eQμ a ¼fa sb,aysm,CBaØ . kñ ú g sb,aysm,CBaØ mann& y dU c teTAen¼½ án|fa Pi k ç ú k M e la¼@ naM K ñ a sU F ümnþ R tg´ l anRB¼ectI y _ F M x ag eRkayPi k ç ú T aM g ena¼ Pi k ç ú n I R kmM u @ kM B u g sþ a b´ F m’ . kñ ú g cM n Y n Pi k ç ú T aM g ena¼ Pi k ç ú m Y y rU b laédecjeTA RtÚ v kayPi k ç ú n I e hI y ánkø a yeTACa RKhsS eRBa¼ehtu e na¼ @ Ég . Pi k ç ú m Y y rU b eTot kallaeCI g ecj eTA ánlaeTAelI e PI ø g eq¼eCI g dl´ q w ð g . Pi k ç ú m Y y rU b eTot laecj eTARtg´ d M b U k keNþ ó r

elakRtÚ v Gsi r Bi s xaM

.

Pi k ç ú m Y y rU b eTotla

eTARtg´ d gkø s ´ RtÚ v Bs´ E vkxaM e lak . eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ ( kalnw g la eCI g ) k¾ k u M l aeTAkñ ú g TI E dlmi n sb,ay dU e cñ ¼ . KY r laeTAkñ ú g TI E dl sb,ay . en¼Ca sb,aysm,CBaØ kñ ú g }ri y abfbBV £ en¼ cM E Nk eKacrsm,CBaØ KY r sEmþ g edayerOgRB¼mhaefr£ .

erOg RB¼mhaefr£ án|mkfa RB¼mhaefr£Gg:úykñúgTIsRmakeBléf¶ kalsnÞna

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-179- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ CamY y nw g Genþ v asi k ánbt´ é dcU l ehI y laecjdU c edI m ( bnÞ a b´ BI e na¼ ) eTI b snßw m @ bt´ é dcU l eTot . BY k Genþ v asi k ánsY r elakfa

elakm© a s´

ehtu d U c emþ c elakm© a s´

eTI b bt´ é dcU l y¨ a g

rh& s ehIyRtLb´l aecjTukdUcedI mvij bnÞ ab´ B I ena¼ eTIb snßwm @ bt´ é dcU l eTot

.

mnsi k arkmμ d æ a n

RB¼mhaefr£eqI ø y fa

¹mi n Edll¼bg´ k mμ d æ a n

Gavu e sa

taM g BI ¹ epI þ m

ehI y bt´ c U l eLI y

Et

evlaen¼ ¹ni y aynw g BY k elakánl¼kmμ d æ a nehI y eTI b bt´ é dcU l eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼

¹eTI b laédecjdU c edI m

vi j eTot

Genþ v asi k TaM g LayBi t efrdI k afa

.

ehI y bt´ c U l bni þ c mþ g @ lð e hI y

eTA

lð e hI y

elakm© a s´ Fmμ t aPi k ç ú K Y r y¨ a ghw ñ g . sU m ,I k ñ ú g }ri y abfbBV £ en¼ kar mi n l¼bg´ k mμ d æ a n

Kb,I R Cabfa

eQμ a ¼fa

eKacrsm,CBaØ

eday

RbkardU e cñ ¼ . mi n manGV I x agkñ ú g EdleQμ a ¼fa Gtþ a bt´ é dcU l mk ¦ laédecjeTA

.

Etkarbt´ é dcU l ni g laeCI g ecj manáneday

karpßayeTAénvaeyaFatu dU c EdleBalmkehI y

EdlekI t GM B I k i r i y arbs´ c i t þ dU c karkeRmI k éd

ni g eCI g

manRbkar

rbs´ T I g emag

edaykarTajExß eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ k¾ k arkM N t´ d w g ( dU c EdleBalmk en¼

)

Kb,I R Cabcu ¼ fa

eQμ a ¼fa

man

Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ

kñ ú g

}ri y abfbBV £ en¼ . kareRbI s gÇadI

ni g cI v redaykaresø ó kkardNþ b ´

kareRbI

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-180- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 áRt edaykarrkßa CaedI m eQμ a ¼fa FarN£ kñ ú g Baküfa sgÇadi btþ c I v rFareN en¼ . karánGami s rbs´ P i k ç ú G ñ k esø ó k ni g dNþ b ´ ehI y Rtac´ e TAbi N Ð á t

ni g RbeyaCn_

RB¼PaKRtas´ T u k ena¼Ég

manRbkardU c EdlRB¼man-

edayn& y manCaGaT× f a

sI t sßbdi X a-

tay ( edI m ,I b M á t´ P aBrga ) . eQμ a ¼fa RbeyaCn_ k ñ ú g karRTRTg´ sgÇadI

ni g cI v rena¼

Gñ k si k ßaKb,I y l´ s atS k sm,CBaØ £

eday

GM N acénRbeyaCn_ e na¼ dU e cñ ¼ . cM E NkcI v rsac´ m ¨ d æ Casb,ay£ rbs´ G ñ k manRbRktI e kþ A ( ejI s ecjgay ) ni g Gñ k mankmø a M g ( ti c ) cI v rsac´Rkas´ eRKatRKat

CaTIsb,ayrbs´Gñk

manRbRktIrgaeRcI n

( qab´ r ga ) xu s GM B I e n¼k¾ m i n CaTI s b,ay . cI v rcas´ m i n CaTI s b,ay rbs´ n rNa @ eLI y . eRBa¼vaeFV I k arkgV l ´ c i t þ [ elak edaykar Cab´ c i t þ C aedI m . sM B t´ c I v rmY y pÞ a M g ( mi n ánkat´ [ CaxNÐ ) ni g sM B t´ s M b keQI C aedI m

EdlCaTI t aM g énesckþ I e laP

k¾ y ¨ a gena¼

eRBa¼sM B t´ d U e cñ a ¼ eFV I G nþ r aydl´ k arenA EtÉgkñ ú g éRB ¦eFV I G nþ r ay dl´ C I v i t k¾ m an ni g edayRtg´ e hI y sM B t´ c I v rÉNanI m Y y EdlekI t eLI g ( ánmk ) edayGM N acmi c ä a CI v £ mankareFV I n i m i t þ C aedI m ni g cI vrNa kalelakeRbIeTA GkuslFm’ceRmIneLIg kuslFm’sabsUnüeTA cIvrena¼ CaGsb,ay bu¨EnþcIvrEdlxusGMBIen¼ Casb,ay . kñ ú g sm,CBaØ b BV £ en¼ Gñ k si k ßaKb,I y l´ sb,aysm,CBaØ

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-181- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ edayGM N acéncI v rena¼Ég

ni g

eKacrsm,CBaØ

edayGM N ackar

mi n eá¼bg´ e calkmμ d æ a n . mi n manGV I E dleQμ a ¼fa

Gtþ a

kñ ú g xagkñ ú g rbs´ P i k ç ú G ñ k dNþ b ´

cI v r manEtkardNþ b ´ c I v r edaykarpßayeTAénvaeyaFatu EdlekI t GM B I k i r i y a rbs´ c i t þ manRbkardU c EdleBalehI y bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ . bNþ a cI v r ni g kay TaM g 2 y¨ a gena¼ sU m ,I c I v r k¾ m i n mankartaM g ci t þ sU m ,I kayk¾ m i n mankartaM g ci t þ

cI v rk¾ m i n dw g fa

eyI g RKbdNþ b ´ k ay

.

sU m ,I k ayk¾ m i n dw g fa cI v rRKbdNþ b ´ e yI g . Fatu T aM g Laybu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ RKbdNþ b ´ F atu dU c yksM B t´ c as´ x © b ´ r U b KW K m< I r eRBa¼dU e cñ ¼ áncI v r Edllð e hI y eTamnsß

k¾ m i n KY r eFV I e sckI þ e RtkGreLI y

GFi b ,ayfa

ectI y _ ni g edI m eQI CaedI m

.

RbharCaedI m

(1)

naK

naM K ñ a sk; a rbU C a

k¾ m i n KY r

naK

dM b U k

CaedI m edayp; a eRKÓgRkGU b ni g sM B t´

Etmnu s ßBY k xø ¼

«c© a r£bsßav£dak´

eRtkGr

(1)

mnu s ßBY k xø ¼

ánmi n lð

eFV I v tS ú E dlmi n Emnsk; a r£

ykPk´ l ab dM b U k

ykkM N at´ e QI v ay

ni g edI m eQI C aedI m

esckI þ m i n eRtkGrcM e Ba¼sk; a r£

dU c benÞ a bg´ ni g s®sþ a

ni g mi n eFV I e sckI þ

¦Gsk; a r£ena¼

( y¨ a g

áz£fa nanavmiμkectiyrukçaTIsu c,ab´PUmaCa naKvmiμkectiyrukçaTIsu ERbtam

c,ab´PUma .

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-182- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 Na ) Pi k ç ú k ¾ d U e cñ ¼ dU c Kñ a áncI v rlð e hI y k¾ m i n KY r eFV I e sckI þ e RtkGr áncI v rmi n lð k¾ m i n KY r eTamnsß . kñ ú g sm,CBaØ b BV £ en¼ Gñ k si k ßa KY r yl´ Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ edayGM N ackarBi c arNaEdlRbRBw t þ eTAehI y dU c EdlBN’ n amken¼cu ¼ . sU m ,I k ñ ú g karbI á Rt

k¾ K b,I R Cab

GM N acRbeyaCn_ E dlnw g Kb,I á n

Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ

eday

eRBa¼mankarkan´ á Rt Cabc© & y

y¨ a gen¼fa eyI g nw g mi n Rbjab´ R bjal´ k an´ á Rt Etnw g kan´ y káRt ( edaymankmμ d æ a nCasM x an´ ) Rtac´ e TAbi N Ð á t k¾ n w g ánPi k ç a . cM ENkáRtF¶n ´

minCasb,aysRmab´ Pi kçúGñ kmanragkays:m

ni g kmø a M g ti c ehI y áRtEdlpßarP¢ a b´ ( Edk ) rY m Kñ a 4-5 pÞ a M g xat´ mi n rabesμ I l ð

mi n Casb,aydl´ b u K : l NanI m Y y eLI y

.

eRBa¼fa

áRtEdllaglM á k minCaTIsb,ay k¾kallagáRtena¼Ég elak nw g mankarkgV l ´ . cM E NkáRtEdlmanBN’ d U c EkvmNI CaTI t aM g énelaP£

mi n Casb,ay

edayn& y EdláneBalTu k ehI y kñ ú g cI v r

ena¼Ég EtáRtEdláneBalmk edaykareFV I n U v ni m i t þ C aedI m áRt NakalPi kç úena¼eRbI Gkus lFm’n wgceRmI n eLIg ÉkuslFm’n wgsabsU n üeTA áRten¼ CaGsb,ayedaycM E NkmY y bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ áRtEdl epßg ( eRkABI e na¼ ) Casb,ay . Kb,I R Cab sb,aysm,CBaØ edayGMNacénáRtena¼

Kb,IRCab eKacrsm,CBaØ edaymi n l¼bg´

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-183- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ kmμ d æ a n . mi nmanGVI EdleQμa¼fa CaGtþ a kñ úgxagkñú gsUm,I d l´PikçúbIá Rt Fmμ t akarbI á Rtnw g manán

k¾ e daykarpßayeTAénvaeyaFatu

Edl

ekI teLI geRBa¼ki ri yarbs´ ci tþ manRbkardUcEdleBalmkehI y bNþ a éd ni g áRtTaM g 2 y¨ a gena¼ TaM g áRtk¾ m i n mankartaM g ci t þ TaM g éd k¾ m i n mankartaM g ci t þ

áRtk¾ m i n dw g faédbI e yI g

sU m ,I é dk¾ m i n dw g fa

eyI g bI á Rt Fatu T aM g Laybu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ bI B Y k Fatu dU c kñ ú g evlaykdg; a b´ cab´ á RtEdldu t nw g ePI ø g

eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼

kñ ú g sm,CBaØ b BV £ en¼

Kb,I

RCab Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ edaykarBi c arNaGtS E dlRbRBw t þ e TA dU c EdlBN’ n amken¼ . mü¨ a geTot

Pi k ç ú N aBi c arNaeXI j cI v rdU c sM B t´ r M u d M e Á

áRt

dU c CaGM E bgdak´ ´ f ñ a M Pi k ç a Edlánmkkñ ú g áRt dU c fñ a M k ñ ú g GM E bg Pi k ç ú e n¼ Kb,I R Cabcu ¼ fa CaGñ k manRbRktI e FV I e sckI þ d w g xø Ü n d¾ x < g ´ x < s ´ CaTI b M p u t CaRbRktI e day Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ ni g dNþ b ´ c I v r

kñ ú g karRTRTg´ s gÇadI bI á Rt

dU c bu r sEdlmankru N a

kú ñ g salasRmab´ m nu s ß

eXI j mnu s ßGnafaedkenA

GnafamanédeCI g kM b u t

manTw k rég

ni g

Qam TaM g BY k dg; Ú v hU r ecjGM B I m u x dM e Á manru y k,alexovTM b W t dM e Á eTI b ánEsV g rksM B t´ r M u m u x dM e Á

ni g fñ a M

RBmTaM g GM E bgdak´ f ñ a M e TA[

BY k eKTaM g ena¼ kñ ú g cM n Y n vtS ú T aM g ena¼ sU m ,I s M B t´ E dlmansac´ m ¨ d æ k¾

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-184- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 Fø a k´ d l´ B Y k eKxø ¼

Edlmansac´ e RKatRKatFø a k´ d l´ B Y k eKxø ¼

sU m ,I

RteLakdU g dak´ f ñ a M EdlmanRTg´ R Taysð a t k¾ F ø a k´ d l´ B Y k eKxø ¼ Edl manRTg´ R Taymi n sð a t k¾ F ø a k´ d l´ B Y k eKxø ¼ BY k eKnw g mi n eRtkGr ¦ eTamnsßkñ ú g vtS ú T aM g ena¼ eRBa¼BY k eKmanesckI þ R tÚ v karsM B t´ R tw m Et eRbIbi T dMe Ábu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ nigRteLakdUgRtw mEteRbId ak´ fñaM bu ¨e NÑa ¼ dU e cñ a ¼ .

Kb,I R Cabkarvi n i c ä & y kñ ú g karqan´ CaedI m ( dU c teTAen¼ ) ½ bTfa Gsi e t esckI þ f a kñ ú g karqan´ b i N Ð á t . bTfa bI e t esckI þ f a kñ ú g karpw k Tw k bbrCaedI m . bTfa xaTi e t esckI þ f a kñ ú g karTM B asI u n U v xaTnI y £ EdleFV I edayemßACaedI m . bTfa sayi e t esckI þ f a kñ ú g karTTY l rs mans; r GM e BACa edI m . kñ ú g karqan´ C aedI m ena¼ RbeyaCn_ T aM g 8 y¨ a g EdlRB¼Bu T § Rtas´ T u k edayn& y manCaGaT× f a env Tvay eQμ a ¼fa

RbeyaCn_

Gñ k si k ßaKb,I R Cab

( mi n EmnedI m ,I e lg ) satS k sm,CBaØ

eday

GM N acénRbeyaC_ e na¼ . k¾ b u K : l NamanesckI þ m i n sb,ay

eRBa¼ePaCnNa

ePaCn

ena¼ CaGsb,aysRmab´ b u K : l ena¼ cM E NkePaCnNaánmkeday kareFV I n U v ni m i t þ C aedI m

ehI y kalelakqan´ e PaCnNa

Gku s lFm’

TaM g LayceRmI n eLI g

ku s lTaM g LaysabsU n üeTA . ePaCnena¼

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-185- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ CaGsb,ayEtmü¨ a gbu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ . EtePaCneRkABI e n¼ Casb,ay .

Gñ k si k ßaKY r yl´

sb,aysm,CBaØ

edayGM N acénePaCn

EdlCasb,ayena¼ nw g Kb,I R Cab eKacrsm,CBaØ edaymi n l¼bg´ kmμ d æ a neLI y . mi n mannrNaeQμ a ¼faCaGtþ a kñ ú g xagkñ ú g CaGñ k bri e PaK man EtkarTTY l áRt ki r i y arbs´ c i t þ

Fmμ t aedaykarpßayeTAénvaeyaFatu

EdlekI t BI

manRbkardU c EdleBalmkehI y b¨ u e NÑ a ¼

karlU k édcu ¼ kñ ú g áRtFmμ t a ekI t GM B I k i r i y arbs´ c i t þ

manEt

edaykarpßayeTAénvaeyaFatu

b¨ u e NÑ a ¼

manEtkarBU t dM u á y

Edl

karelI k dM u

áyeLI g ni gkarebIkmat´ T TY l edaykarpßayeTAénvaeyaFatu Edl ekI t BI k i r i y arbs´ c i t þ b ¨ u e NÑ a ¼ ynþ e bI k qð w g cg; a

mi n manGñ k NaykkU n esa

manEtkardak´ B M n U t áykñ ú g mat´

ni g eRKÓg

kar[eFμ j xag

elI e FV I n aTI C M n Y s GERg kar[eFμ j xageRkam eFV I n aTI C M n Y s t,al´ ni g kar[GNþ a teFV I n aTI C M n Y s éd

edaykarpßayeTAénvaeyaFatu

Edl

ekI t BI k i r i y arbs´ c i t þ b u ¨ e NÑ a ¼ . edayehtu y ¨ a gen¼ Tw k mat´ c M n Y n ti c tY c cu g GNþ a t kñ ú g bNþ a cu g ni g Kl´ e na¼ ( ni g ) Tw k mat´ c M n Y n eRcI n Rtg´ K l´ G Nþ a t k¾ n w g layLM B M n U t áyena¼

BM n U t áyena¼nw g RbemoleTAmkedayéd

KW

GNþ a t kñ ú g t,al´ KW eFμ j ( f: a m ) eRkam esI m eTAedayTw k mat´ KW

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-186- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 esø s μ _ bu k y¨ a gli ð t edayGERg KW eFμ j ( f: a m ) elI / eQμ a ¼fa nrNa @ nw g yksø a bRBa ¦Evks‘ k cU l eTAxagkñ ú g ( mat´ ) mi n man / ( BM n U t áy ) cU l eTAán eRBa¼vaeyaFatu e na¼Ég BM n U t áy EdlcU l eTAehI y nrNa @ eQμ a ¼fa nw g [bBaÄb´ T u k eFV I [ ( dU c ) CaKM n rcM e bI g Tu k

mi n man

Etnw g bBaÄb´ T u k ánedayGM N acvaeya-

Fatu b u ¨ e NÑ a ¼ / EdlbBaÄb´ T u k ehI y nrNa @ eQμ a ¼fa nw g taM g c®g; a n bg; a t´ e PI ø g bbr[rlY y mi n man Etnw g rlY y áneRBa¼eteCaFatu b u ¨ e NÑ a ¼ / EdlrlY y ehI y @ nrNa @ eQμ a ¼fa nw g ykeQI Rct´ e korecjeTAxageRkAk¾ m i n man / vaeyaFatu b u ¨ e NaÑ a ¼ nw g naM e cj eTA / edayehtu y ¨ a gen¼ vaeyaFatu n aM ( BM n U t áy ) cU l eTApg naM e cjeTApg

[Qb´ e nApg

[RbemoleTAmkpg

[rlayeTA

pg [naM ( kak ) ecjeTApg / bzvI F atu R TRTg´ T u k pg [Rbemol eTAmkpg / [rlaypg / GaeáRbmUl pMþ úpg rkßaTu k[Rss´ pg / eteCaFatu n wgrMl aynUvGahar EdlcUleTAxagkñ ú gehIy GakasFatu Cacenø a H vi B aØ a NFatu n w k dl´ edayGaRs& y karRbkbKñ a edayRbéB kñ ú g Fatu e na¼ @ Gñ k si k ßaKb,I y l´ s emμ a hsm,CBaØ £ kñ ú g sm,CBaØ bBV £ edaykarBi c arNa EdlRbRBw t þ e TAehI y dU c EdlBN’ n amken¼ cu ¼ .

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-187- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ bdi k U l 10 mü¨ a geTot

RB¼eyaKavcrKY r RCab

Gsemμ a hsm,CBaØ

kñ ú g

sm,CBaØ b BV en¼ edaykarBi c arNadl´ b di k U l 10 y¨ a gen¼ KW edaykareTA GFüaRs& y

1 1

edaykarEsV g rk edaykarrkßaTu k

(

1

edaykarqan´

kñ ú g RkB¼Gahar

1

eday

1

eday

)

cM E NkEdlenAmi n Tan´ r lay 1 edaycM E NkEdlrlayehI y 1 edaypl 1 edayRCÜ t RCab 1 edayRbLak´ R bLÚ s 1 cM E Nk kfay¨ a gBi s þ a rkñ ú g sm,CBaØ b BV £ en¼ KY r kan´ y kGM B I n i e TÞ s én Gahaerbdi k U l sBaØ a kñ ú g Km< I r vi s u T i § m K: cu ¼ . bTfa

«c© a rbsßavkemμ

esckI þ f a

benÞ a bg´ « c© a r£

ni g

bsßav£ ( eRBa¼fa ) dl´ e vlaena¼ehI y kalmi n benÞ a bg´ « c© a rbsßav£

ejI s nw g hU r ecjTU T aM g sB’ a g: k ay

EPñ k nw g RBi l

ci t þ m i n

CaÉkK: t a ehI y eraKdéT@ k¾ n w g ekI t eLI g . EtkalbenÞ a bg´ e hI y vtS ú T aM g Gs´ e na¼nw g mi n man

eRBa¼dU e cñ ¼

esckI þ e n¼CaGtS a Fi b ,aykñ ú g

Baküfa «c© a rbsßavkemμ en¼ Gñ k si k ßaKb,I R CabsatS k sm,CBaØ £ edayGM N acénesckI þ e na¼ .

EtkalbenÞ a bg´ « c© a rbsßav£kñ ú g TI E dlmi n smKY r nw g CaGabti þ nw g vi n asys

(

xU c ki t i þ y s

)

ni g manGnþ r aydl´ C I v i t

Etkal

benÞ a bg´ k ñ ú g TI d ¾ s mKY r vtS ú T aM g Gs´ e na¼ nw g mi n man eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ kar

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-188- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 benÞ a bg´ k ñ ú g TI d ¾ s mKY r en¼ eTI b Casb,aykñ ú g «c© a rbsßavkmμ e n¼ Gñ k si k ßaKb,I R Cab

sb,aysm,CBaØ

edayGM N acénsb,ayena¼

cM E Nk eKacrsm,CBaØ Kb,I R CabedayGM N ackarmi n eá¼bg´ e cal kmμ d æ a nena¼Ég . mi n mannrNa@ eQμ a ¼faCaGtþ a kñ ú g xagkñ ú g benÞ a bg´ « c© a rbsßav£

manEtkarbenÞ a bg´ « c© a rbsßav£

eRBa¼karpßay

eTAénvaeyaFatu EdlekI t BI k i r i y arbs´ c i t þ b u ¨ e NÑ a ¼ . k¾ « c© a r£ ni g bsßav£ EdlenAkñ ú g eBa¼evon ni g RkB¼ bsßav£RtÚ v kmø a M g xül´ r u j RcaneTA k¾ n w g ecjeTAÉg edaymi n Ráfñ a [ecjeLI y dU c kalbU s cas´ e hI y xÞ ú ¼ ni g QamhU r ecjeTAÉg edaymi n Ráfñ a ( [hU r ) eRBa¼bU s Ebk ni g dU c Tw k EdlhU r ecjcakPaCn£dak´ T w k EdlRcal ehI y edaymi n Ráfñ a ( [hU r ) dU e cñ a ¼ . k¾ « c© ar£ ni gbsßav£en¼Na EdlbenÞabg´ e cjeTAehIy «c©ar£ ni g bsßav£en¼ena¼ énGtþ a rbs´ P i k ç ú e na¼ nw g mi n maneLI y rbs´ G ñ k déTk¾ m i n man manEtkarbenÞ a bg´ r bs´ r agkaybu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ . dU c GV I ? dU c kalcak´ T w k ecjBI q ñ a M g

qñ a M g k¾ m i n manTw k ena¼eLI y

vtS ú

déTk¾ m i n man manRtw m Etkarbdi b ti þ m ü¨ a gbu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ y¨ a gNami j Gñ k si k ßaKb,I y l´ semμ a hsm,CBaØ kñ ú g sm,CBaØ b BV en¼ edaykar Bi c arNaki r i y aGakarEdlRbRBw t þ e TAehI y dU e cñ a ¼ .

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-189- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ Kb,I R Cabvi n i c ä & y kñ ú g karedI r CaedI m ( dU c teTAen¼ ) ½ bTfa Ket ándl´ kñ ú g karedI r eTA . bTfa zi e t ándl´ kñ ú g karQr . bTfa ni s i e nñ ándl´ kñ ú g karGg: ú y . bTfa su e tþ ándl´ kñ ú g karedklk´ . bTfa CaKri e t ándl´ kñ ú g karPJ a k´ . bTfa Pasi e t ándl´ kñ ú g kareBal . bTfa tu N I H P aev ándl´ kñ ú g karmi n ni y ay .

RB¼Gg: á nRtas´ } ri y abfEvgq¶ a yTu k kñ ú g zan£en¼fa

kal

edI r eTA k¾ d w g c,as´ f a eyI g kM B u g edI r eTAxø ¼ / QrehI y k¾ d w g c,as´ f a eyI g QrehI y xø ¼ / Gg: ú y k¾ d w g faeyI g Gg: ú y xø ¼ edk k¾ d w g c,as´ fa

eyI g edkxø ¼

.

Rtas´ } ri y abfkNþ a l

@

Tu k kñ ú g zan£en¼fa

kñ ú g karQaneTAmu x / kñ ú g karQaneTAeRkay / kñ ú g karRkeLkemI l eTAmu x . kñ ú g karRkeLkemI l eqV g sþ a M / kñ ú g karlaecj Etkñ ú g bBV £ en¼ Rtas´ } ri y abftU c @ Tu k fa kñ ú g karedI r kñ ú g karQr kñ ú g kar Gg: ú y kñ ú g karedk kñ ú g karPJ a k´ eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ Kb,I R CabPaBCaGñ k eFV I esckI þ d w g xø Ü n CaRbRktI edayn& y EdlRtas´ T u k kñ ú g zanTaM g en¼ ena¼ Ég . k¾ RB¼mhasiv etS r GñkRTRTg´RB¼éRtbi d k áneBalTu kfa Gñk

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-190- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 NaedI r eTA ¦Qrc®g; m yU r @ ehI y tmk eTI b QrBi c arNaeXI j y¨ a gen¼fa rU b Fm’ ni g GrU b Fm’ EdlRbRBw t þ e TAehI y kñ ú g evlac®g; m ánrlt´ e TAehI y kñ ú g evlac®g; m en¼Ég

Gñ k en¼ena¼

eQμ a ¼fa

eFV I

esckI þ d w g xÜ ø n kñ ú g karedI r .

Gñ k Na

kaleFV I k arsV a Füayn_

/

eqø I y bBaH a

¦mnsi k ar

kmμ d æ a n QrenAyU r @ ehI y tmk eTI b Gg: ú y Bi c arNaeXI j y¨ a g en¼fa rU b Fm’ ni g GrU b Fm’ EdlRbRBw t þ e TAehI y kñ ú g evlaQr án rlt´ e TAehI y kñ ú g evlaQrena¼Ég Gñ k ena¼ eQμ a ¼fa eFV I e sckI þ d w g xø Ü n kñ ú g karQr .

GñkNaGg:úyyUr@ edayeFVIkarsVaFüayn_CaedImena¼Ég ehIy tmk

eTI b edkBi c arNaeXI j y¨ a gen¼

RbRBw t þ e TAehI y kñ ú g evlaGg: ú y

rU b Fm’

ni g GrU b Fm’

ánrlt´ e TAehI y

Edl

kñ ú g evlaGg: ú y

ena¼Ég Gñ k en¼ eQμ a ¼fa eFV I e sckI þ d w g xø Ü n kñ ú g karGg: ú y . bu K : l NaedkbeNI þ r kmμ d æ a nbeNI þ r

eFV I k arsV a FüaybeNI þ r

Qancu ¼ kan´ P aBlg´ l k´

¦mnsi k ar

eRkaymkeTI b eRkakeLI g

Bi c arNaeXI j y¨ a gen¼fa rU b Fm’ ni g GrU b Fm’ EdlRbRBw t þ e TAehI y kñú gevlaedk ánrlt´eTAehIykñúgevlaedkena¼Ég buK:l en¼ eQμa¼ fa eFV I e sckI þ d w g xø Ü n kñ ú g karedklk´ TaM g kñ ú g karPJ a k´ . eRBa¼fa ci t þ EdlseRmcedayki r i y a

mi n mankarRbRBw t þ e TA ( mi n eLI g kan´ v i f I )

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-191- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ eQμ a ¼fa

edklk´

mankarRbRBw t þ e TA

eQμ a ¼fa

PJ a k´

eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼

( Gñ k ena¼eTI b eQμ a ¼fa eFV I k ardw g xø Ü n TaM g kñ ú g karedklk´ TaM g kñ ú g kar PJ a k´ ) . cM E Nkbu K : l Na

kalni y ay

k¾ n i y aymansti s m,CBaØ £

fa Fmμ t asM e Lgen¼ GaRs& y bbU r mat´ GaRs& y eFμ j GNþ a t Bi d an ni g RbeyaKrbs´ c i t þ EdlsmKY r nw g ci t þ e na¼ eTI b ekI t eLI g án . mü¨ a geTot bu K : l NaeFV I k arsV a Füayn_ F m’ Ráb´ F m’ ERbFm’ ( beRgón ) kmμ d æ a n ¦vi s C¢ n abBaH a Gs´ e vlayU r tmkeTI b es¶ ó m Bi c arNay¨ a gen¼fa evlani y ay

rU b Fm’

ni g GrU b Fm’

EdlRbRBw t þ e TAehI y kñ ú g

k¾ r lt´ e TAehI y kñ ú g evlani y ayen¼Ég

.

bu K : l en¼

eQμ a ¼fa mansm,CBaØ £ kñ ú g karni y ay . bu K : l Na

mantu N H I P aB

mnsi k ardl´ F m’

¦kmμ d æ a nGs´

evlayU r tmkBi c arNaeXI j y¨ a gen¼fa rU b Fm’ ni g GrU b Fm’ Edl RbRBw t þ e TAehI y kñ ú g evlaes¶ ó m k¾ á nrlt´ e TAehI y kñ ú g evlaes¶ ó m ena¼Ég

kalmankarRbRBw t þ e TAén«áTayrU b

(

eK

)

k¾ e Qμ a ¼fa

ni y ay kalmi n man k¾ e Qμ a ¼faCaGñ k es¶ ó m bu K : l en¼eQμ a ¼faman sm,CBaØ £ kñ ú g karenAes¶ ó m . sm,CBaØ £

EdlmanGsemμ a h³CaFu r £

EdlRB¼mhaefr£

eBalTu k ehI y ena¼ RB¼Gg: R Tg´ b M N gykehI y kñ ú g sti b ,dæ a nsU R t

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-192- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 en¼ . cM ENkkñ ú g samBaØplsU Rt ánsm,CBaØ £ TaMgGs´ 4 y¨ ag . eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼

kñ ú g

samBaØ p lsU R t

sm,CBaØ £ Tu k CaBi e ss

en¼

Gñ k si k ßaKb,I R CabcM e Ba¼

edayGM N acsm,CBaØ £

Edlmi n vegV g

.

ehI y kñ ú g RKb´ @ bTfa sm,CankarI sm,CankarI Gñ k si k ßaKb,I RCabesckþ I G Fi b ,ay edayGM N acsm,CBaØ £ EdlRbkbedaysti dU c Kñ a . cM E Nkkñ ú g vi P g: b ,krN_ RB¼Gg: R Tg´ E ckbTTaM g en¼ Tu k y¨ a g en¼ dU c Kñ a fa RB¼eyaKavcrmansti mansm,CBaØ £ QaneTAxag mu x mansti mansm,CBaØ £ fyeRkay . bTfa

}ti

GCÄtM þ

va

esckþ I f a

Bi c arNaeXI j kaykñ ú g kayrbs´ x ø Ü n

RB¼eyaKavcreQμ a ¼fa

¦rbs´ G ñ k déT

KW

kñ ú g kay

rbs´ x ø Ü n tamkal ( EdlKY r ) rbs´ G ñ k déTtamkal ( EdlKY r ) edaykarkM N t´ e daysm,CBaØ £ ctu s m,CBaØ b BV

en¼

4

Rbkary¨ a gen¼

.

sU m ,I k ñ ú g

k¾ K Y r naM y kkarekI t karrlt´ é nrU b kç n § e na¼Ég

eTARbkbkñ ú g BaküTaM g LaymanCaGaT× f a smu T yvyFmμ a nu b sßI va Baküd¾ e ssdU c Kñ a nw g Bakü EdláneBalmkehI y ena¼Ég .

Gri y sc© ³ kñ ú g sm,CBaØ ³ kñ ú g TI e n¼ sti E dlkM N t´ e daysm,CBaØ £ 4 Rbkar CaTu k ç s c© ³

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-193- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ tNH a BI G tI t Edljú a M g sti [ Rákd ( Casmu d æ a nrbs´ s ti ) Ca smu T ysc© ³

karmi n RbRBw t þ e TAénsti

ni g tNH a TaM g BI r ena¼

Ca

ni e raFsc© ³ Gri y mK: manRbkardU c EdleBalmkehI y CamK: s c© ³ RB¼eyaKavcrxV l ´ x V a yedayGM N acsc© £ TaM g 4 y¨ a gen¼ehI y nw g seRmckarrlt´ ( tNH a ) eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ eTI b Capø Ú v naM e cjcakTu k ç rhU tdl´ Grhtþ edayGM NacénRB¼eyaKavcr GñkkMNt´edaysm,CBaØ £ 4 Rbkar mY y rU b ena¼Ég .

(

cb; ctusm,CBaØbBV³

)

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-194- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 bdi k U l mnsi k arbBV ³ [136] RB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´ lu¼RTg´Eckkayanubsßnaeday GMNacénsm,CBaØ£ 4 RbkardUcBN’namken¼ehIy }LÚven¼ edIm,I RTg´EckedayGMNacmnsikar edayCarbs´bdikUl eTIbánRtas´Bakü manCaGaT× f a bu n cbrM dU e cñ ¼ .

Kb,I R Cabkarvi n i c ä & y kñ ú g bdi k U l mnsi k arbBV £ dU c teTAen¼ ½ BaküNaEdlnw g RtÚ v eBalkñ ú g Baküfa }memv kayM CaedI m Baküena¼TaM g Gs´

(1)

áneBalTu k ehI y kñ ú g kayKtasti k mμ d æ a n

kñ ú g Km< I r vi s u T i § m K: e dayBi s þ a r edayGakarRKb´ y ¨ a g . bTfa «Petamu x a esckI þ f a ( éT ) Rbkbedaymat´ B I r xag KW TaM g xageRkam TaM g xagelI . bTfa nanavi h i t sß ERbfa man RbePTepßg@ . k¾ k ñ ú g erOgen¼ manesckI þ « bmaCakareRbóbeFobdU e cñ ¼ ½ GFi b ,ayfa kay KW mhaPU t rU b 4 Kb,I R Cabfa dU c éTEdl manmat´ T aM g BI r xag

Gakar

32

mansk´ C aedI m

FBaØ C ati e RcI n RbePTEdllaycRmú ¼ Kñ a kñ ú g éT RCabfa dU c bu r smanEPñ k lð .

(1)

Kb,I R Cabfa

RB¼eyaKavcr

dU c Kb,I

karRákdc,as´ é nGakar 32 dl´

c,ab´PUmamanBaküfa sBVM eTIbERbtamálIrbs´PUma .

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-195- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ RB¼eyaKI

Kb,I R Cabfa

dU c evlaEdlFBaØ C ati e RcI n RKb´ R bePT

(2)

Rákddl´ b u r sena¼Gñ k RsayéTena¼ ehI y Bi n i t üemI l dU e cñ a ¼ . bTfa

}ti

GCÄtM þ

va

esckI þ f a

RB¼eyaKavcr

eQμ a ¼fa

Bi c arNaeXI j kaykñ ú g kayrbs´ x ø Ü n ¦kñ ú g kayrbs´ G ñ k déT KW k ñ ú g kayrbs´ x ø Ü n tamkal ( d¾ s mKY r ) ¦kñ ú g kayrbs´ G ñ k déTtamkal ( d¾ s mKY r ) edaykarkM N t´ k ñ ú g sk´ C aedI m .

BakütGM B I e n¼eTA mann& y dU c EdláneBalehI y ena¼Ég .

Bi t Nas´ kñ ú g bdi k U l mnsi k arbBV en¼ sti E dlkM N t´ G akar 32 CaTu k ç s c© E tmü¨ a g Gñ k si k ßaKY r eFV I k arRbkbesckI þ d U c EdlBN’ n amk y¨ a gen¼ Kb,I R Cabpø Ú v énkarecj ( cakTu k ç ) . Baküd¾ e ss ( GM B I BaküEdlGFi b ,aymkehI y en¼ ) dU c Kñ a nw g Bakümu n ena¼Ég .

(

cb; bdikUlmnsikarbBV³

)

3

(2)

áz£fa bkiçtnanaviFFBaØM c,ab´PUmaCa bkiçtþnanaviFFBaØsß ERbtamPUma .

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-196- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 Fatu m nsi k arbBV [137]

RB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´

lu ¼ RTg´ E ckkayanu b sßna

edayGM N acbdi k U l mnsi k ary¨ a gen¼ehI y }LÚ v en¼ edI m ,I n w g RTg´ EckedayGMNacmnsikardl´Fatu

eTIbRtas´BakümanCaGaT×fa

bun

cbrM Tu k . kñ ú g BaküTaM g ena¼ mankarBN’ n aesckI þ RBmnw g Bakü «bmaCakareRbóbeFobKñ a dU e cñ ¼ .

eRbóbeFobPi k ç ú dU c bu K : l smø a b´ e Ka bu K : l Gñ k smø a b´ e Ka ¦Genþ v asi k énbu r sGñ k smø a b´ e Ka Edl bu i n Rbsb´ s mø a b´ e Ka

ehI y rM E lkCacM E Nk

EbkCa

Rtg´ k Nþ a lfñ l ´ F M E dlEbkecjeTA

4

y¨ a gNa

eBalKW

Pi k ç ú k ¾ y ¨ a gena¼dU c Kñ a

edayGakary¨ a gNanI m Y y ehI y

@

Gg: ú y enAeTobpø Ú v FM 4

Ti s

Bi c arNanU v kaytamEdltaM g enA

én}ri y abfTaM g

4

tamEdltm; l ´ e nA

eRBa¼tamEdlántaM g sc© a bNi F anTu k y¨ a gen¼fa

manenA

kñ ú g kayen¼ ( KW ) Fatu d I .l. Fatu x ül´ . manBu T § a Fi b ,ayTu k dU c emþ c ? manBu T § a Fi b ,ayTu k fa eKakI þ

bu r sGñ k smø a b´ e Ka

kM B u g dw k eTAkan´ T I s mø a b´ k I þ

kalkM B u g ci B a© w m

lu ¼ dw k eTAehI y kM B u g cg

[Qr

enATI e na¼kI þ kM B u g smø a b´ k I þ kM B u g emI l eKaEdleKsmø a b´ e hI y kI þ kar

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-197- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ sm: a l´ f a

emeKa

enAmi n Tan´ á t´ e TA

rhU t evlaEdlmi n Tan´ r M E lk

emeKaena¼EbgecjCacM ENk @ EtkalGg: úyEbgEck ( sac´ ) ehIy esckI þ d w g xø Ü n fa emeKak¾ á t´ e TA / karsm: a l´ f a sac´ k ¾ n w g RbRBw t þ eTAcU l mkCM n Y s eKnw g mi n mankarKi t y¨ a gen¼fa eyI g lk´ e meKa eK TaM g en¼Ti j emeKa

/

edayBi t

eKnw g mankarKi t y¨agen¼bu¨ e NÑa¼fa

eyI g lk´s ac´ eKaeKTaM gen¼ Tij sac´ y¨ agNa . kñ ú g evlaEdlPi k ç ú sU m ,I r U b en¼enACaBalbu f u C ¢ n enAeLI y k¾ d U e cñ a ¼dU c Kñ a karsm: a l´ f a stV ¦bu K : l rbs´ e lak kalenACaRKhsS k I þ bY s ehI y kI þ enAmi n Tan´ G nþ r FaneTA

rhU t evlaEdlenAmi n Tan´ á neFV I

kayen¼ena¼Ég

tamEdlsi S t enAehI y tamEdltaM g enAehI y [CakarEckecjGM B I dM u e hI y

eXI j edayPaBCaFatu

EtkalelakBi c arNaeXI j eday

PaBCaFatu stþ s BaØ a ( esckI þ s m: a l´ f aCastV ) rbs´ e lakk¾ n w g Gnþ r FaneTA ci t þ n w g taM g enAedayGM N acénFatu e na¼Ég . eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ RB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´ eTI b ánRTg´ R tas´ T u k fa Gñ k nw g Bi c arNaeXI j kayen¼ tamEdlsS i t enAehI y taM g enAehI y edayPaBCaFatu f a kñ ú g kayen¼ manFatu d I Fatu T w k Fatu e PI ø g Fatu xül´ / mñ a lPi k ç ú T aM g Lay nayeKaXatk_ G ñ k mi n Rbsb´ ¦ .l. vaeyaFatu sU m ,I y ¨ a gNa .

GFi b ,ayfa Pi k ç ú b M e BjBüayam ( eyaKI ) dU c bu r sGñ k smø a b´

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-198- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 eKa esckI þ s m: a l´ f astV dU c esckI þ s m: a l´ f a emeKa }ri y abf 4 dU c pø Ú v FM E bkCa 4 karBi c arNaeXI j ( kay ) edayCaFatu dU c nay eKaXatk_ G ñ k Gg: ú y EbgEck ( sac´ ) ecjCacM E Nk @ . en¼KW karBN’ n aesckI þ t amRB¼álI k ñ ú g Fatu m nsi k arbBV en¼ . cM E Nk kfaeBaledaykmμ dæ an

ánGFib,ay

Bis þarTu kehIykñ ú gKm<I rvi s uTi§ -

mK: . bTfa

}ti

GCÄtM þ

va

esckI þ f a

RB¼eyaKavcrmanRbRktI

Bi carNaeXIjkaykñ úgkayrbs´ x ø Ün ¦kñ úgkayrbs´GñkdéT KW man RbRktI B i c arNaeXI j kayrbs´ x ø Ü n tamkal

¦kñ ú g kayrbs´ G ñ k déT

tamkal y¨ a gen¼ KW edaykarkM N t´ F atu 4 BakütBI e n¼ mann& y dU c EdleBalmkehI y ena¼Ég . eRBa¼fakñ ú g Fatu m nsi k arbBV en¼ sti E dlkM N t´ F atu 4 CaTu k ç s c© E tmü¨ a g . bNi Ð t Kb,I R Cab«áyénFm’ C aeRKÓgnaM e cj ( cakTu k ç ) tam EdlánGFi b ,ayesckI þ R bkbmky¨ a gen¼Ég . Baküd¾ e ss dU c Bakümu n ena¼Ég . (

cb; FatumnsikarbBV³

)

3

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-199- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ nvsI v fi k abBV [138]

RB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´

lu ¼ RTg´ E ckkayanu b sßna

edayGMNackarmnsikardl´Fatuy¨agen¼ehIy }LÚven¼ edIm,InwgRTg´ Eckeday nvsI v fi k abBV ( Fm’ E dleBaledayéRBsμ s an 9 ) eTI b Rtas´ B aküCaedI m fa bu n cbrM dU e cñ ¼ . bNþ a bTTaM g ena¼

bTfa

esyüfabi

besßyü

ándl´

yfabesßyü ( ERbfa Kb,I e XI j y¨ a gNa ) . bTfa srI r M ándl´ ragkayrbs´ m nu s ßEdlsø a b´ e hI y . bTfa sI v fi k ay qDÐ i t M esckþ I f a EdleKeá¼bg´ e calkñ ú g éRB sμ s an . ragkayrbs´ m nu s ßEdlsø a b´ e hI y mY y éf¶ eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ eTI b eQμ a ¼fa Ékahmt . ragkayrbs´ m nu s ßEdlsø a b´ e hI y BI r éf¶ eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ eTI b eQμ a ¼fa TV I h mt . ragkayrbs´ m nu s ßEdlsø a b´ e hI y bI é f¶ eQμ a ¼fa

tI h mt

.

eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼

saksBEdlehI m eᨠg dU c sb´

eTI b

eQμ a ¼fa

«T§ ú m atk ( ehI m eᨠg ) eRBa¼ehI m eᨠg edaykarehI m eᨠg eLI g eTA tamlM d ab´ eRkayBI k arGs´ C I v i t ehI y .

BN’ e xov eKehAfa vi n I l . vi n I l k k¾ K W vi n I l ena¼Ég . mü¨ a geTot srI r £EdlmanBN’ e xovéRkElg KY r ex< I m eRBa¼Ca

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-200- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 rbs´ b di k U l eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ eTI b eQμ a ¼fa vi n I l k . Baküfa vi n I l k en¼ CaeQμ a ¼rbs´ s aksBEdlmanBN’ R khm kñ ú g TI E dlmansac´ kM B u g manBN’ s kñ ú g TI E dlmanxÞ ú ¼ kk

EtedayeRcI n manBN’ e xovkñ ú g

TI E dlmanBN’ e xov k¾ d U c ru M e daysM B t´ B N’ e xov . mü¨ ageTot xÞú ¼EdlhUrecjtamTV arTaM g 9 sUm,Ikñú gTI E dlEbk eRb¼ ehI y eQμ a ¼fa vi b u B V . vi b u B V k¾ K W vi b u B V k ena¼Ég . mü¨ a geTot xÞú¼EdleCakCaMKYrex<ImeRBa¼bdikUl eRBa¼dUecña¼ eTIbeQμa¼fa vibuBVk . saksBEdlkø a yCaxÞ ú ¼ eCakCaM

KW

dl´ P av£y¨ a gena¼

eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼

eTI b eQμ a ¼fa vi b u B V k Cat . bTfa

esa

}memv

kayM

esckI þ f a

Pi k ç ú e na¼begð a nkay

rbs´ x ø Ü n en¼cU l eTA ( eRbóbpw Þ m ) nw g kayena¼edayjaN . bTfa «bsM h rti ERbfa begð a nnaM c U l eTA . begð a nnaM c U l eTA dU Y c emþ c ? begð a ncU l eTAy¨ a gen¼fa

sU m ,I k ayen¼

k¾ C aFmμ t ay¨ a gen¼

mansPaBy¨ a gen¼ mi n knø g pu t PaBCay¨ a gen¼eLI y . elakeBalGFi b ,ayTu k dU c emþ c ? elakeBalGFi b ,ayTu k fa eRBa¼manFm’ b I y ¨ a gen¼ KW Gayu ePI ø g Fatu vi B aØ a N kayen¼eTI b taM g enA ni g ( pø a s´ b þ Ú r }ri y abf ) man Qr nigedI rCaedI mán EteRBa¼mi nmanFm’bIe n¼ ragkayen¼ eTIbman

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-201- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ sPaBy¨ agen¼CaFmμ ta KW mansPaBCarbs´B ukpu yy¨agen¼dUcKñ a . bTfa ÉvM P avI esckI þ f a ( kayen¼ ) nw g Cay¨ a gen¼dU c Kñ a KW nw g CaRbePT ( epßg @ ) manCaragkayehI m eᨠg CaedI m . bTfa ÉvM GntI e ta esckI þ f a mi n Gacknø g caksPaBy¨ a g en¼ KW PaBCaragkayEdlehI m eᨠg CaedI m eTAán . bTfa

}ti

GCÄtþ M

va

esckþ I f a

RB¼eyaKavcrmanRbRktI

Bi carNaeXIjkaykñ ú gkayrbs´ xø Ün ¦kñúgkayrbs´ GñkdéT KW man RbRktI B i c arNaeXI j kayrbs´ x ø Ü n tamkal ¦kñ ú g kayrbs´ G ñ k déT tamkaledayGakary¨ a gen¼ KW edaykarkM N t´ r agkay manragkayEdlehI m eᨠg CaedI m . bTfa xC¢ m anM esckþ I f a srI r £EdlRtÚ v stV T aM g Lay man Ekð k

ni g tμ a tCaedI m

cw k sI u

edayTM R tg´ G vyv£

maneBa¼CaedI m

ehI y cw k yksac´ e Ba¼ sac´ b bU r mat´ ( ni g ) RtbkEPñ k CaedI m ecj mk ( sI u ) . bTfa

smM s elahi t M

esckþ I f a

srI r £EdlRbkbeTAeday

sac´ ni g QamEdlesssl´ C ab´ e nA . bTfa ni m μ M s elahi t mkç i t M esckþ I f a sU m ,I k alsac´ G s´ e TA ehI y QamenAmi n Tan´ s ¶ Ü t

RB¼manRB¼PaKRTg´ s M e dAykQamena¼

eTI b Rtas´ f a elahi t mkç i t M dU e cñ ¼ .

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-202- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 bTfa GeBaØ n ándl´ edayTi s aPaKdéT . bTfa hti S d i æ k M esckI þ f a qw ð g édTaM g 64 kM N at´ x © a t´ x © a y eTAtamTisepßg @ BI Kñ a . sU m,Ikñúgqw ðgeCIgCaedIm k¾ n&ydUcKña en¼ . bTfa eteravsßi k ani ándl´ ( qw ð g ) knø g eTA 1 qñ a M e hI y . bTfa bUt In i esckIþfa qwð gEdlenAkNþ alval kalRtÚv xül´ kemþ A éf¶ ni g Tw k ePø ó g eTI b Bu k pu y qw ð g Edlknø g eTA 1 qñ a M mi n Tan´ Bu k pu y Etqw ð g Edlkb´ e nAkñ ú g dI rEmgenAányU r Cag . bTfa cu N Ñ k Catani ándl´ lM G i t tU c @ x© a t´ x © a yeTA . kñ ú g RKb´ b T bNÐ i t Kb,I E tgBaküRbkbesckI þ e dayGM N acén kay EdlRtÚ v stV E kð k ni g stV t μ a tcw k sI u C aedI m tamn& y EdleBal Tu k ehI y fa esa }memv dU e cñ ¼ . bTfa

}ti

GCÄtM þ

va

esckI þ f a

RB¼eyaKavcrmanRbRktI

Bi carNaeXIjkaykñ ú gkayrbs´x øÜn ¦kñúgkayrbs´Gñ kdéT KW man RbRktI B i carNaeXIj kaykñ úgkayrbs´ x øÜntamkal

¦kñ úgkayrbs´

Gñ k déTtamkal edayGakary¨ a gen¼ KW edaykarkM N t´ k ay man kayEdlRtÚ v stV t μ a t

stV E kð k CaedI m

cw k su I C aGaT×

rhU t dl´ C a

rbs´ B u t pu y exÞ c xI Þ Calmð i t tU c lmð i t FM .

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-203- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ éRBsμ s an 9 ( éRBexμ a c ) k¾ é RBsμ s an 9 Kb,I R bmU l Tu k Rtg´ e n¼ ( KW ) ½ éRBsμ s anTaM g Gs´ EdlRtas´ T u k edayn& y CaedI m fa ÉkahmtM va ( saksBEdlsø a b´ e hI y án 1 éf¶ ) 1 . éRBsμ s an ( EdlRtas´ T u k ) CaedI m fa kaekhi va xC¢ m anM ( saksBEdlRtÚ v BY k Ekð k cw k sI u ) 1 . éRBsμ s an ( EdlRtas´ T u k ) fa Gdæ i s gç l i k M smM s elahi t M nharu s m< n M § ( saksBEdlmanragqw ð g RBmTaM g sac´ ni g Qam mansrésCaeRKÓgcg ) 1 . éRBsμ s an ( EdlRtas´ T u k ) fa ni m M μ s elahi t mki ç t M nharusm<nM§ ( saksBEdlminmansac´ EtRbLak´edayQam mansrés CaeRKÓgcgrw t ) 1 . éRBsμ s an ( EdlRtas´ T u k ) fa GbKtmM s elahi t M nharu s m< n M § ( saksBEdlenAmanEtqw ð g }tmansac´ ni g Qam EtenA mansrésCaeRKÓgcg ) 1 . éRBsμ s an ( EdlRtas´ T u k ) fa Gdæ i k ani GbKtsm< n § n ani ( manEtragqw ð g TeT mi n mansrésCaeRKÓgcgrY b rw t x© a t´ x © a yrat´ r ay eTAkan´ T i s epßg@ ) 1 . éRBsμ s an ( EdlRtas´ T u k ) fa Gdæ ikani estani sgçv NÑ-

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-204- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 bdiPaKani ( enAsl´EtragqwðgTeT manBN’sdUcCaBN’éns&gç ) 1 . éRBsμ s an ( EdlRtas´ T u k ) fa bu B a¢ k i t ani eteravsßi k ani ( sl´ E tqw ð g erayrayCaBM n U t @ knø g eTA 1 qñ a M e hI y ) 1 . éRBsμ s an ( EdlRtas´ T u k ) fa bU t I n i cu N Ñ k Catani ( qð w g Bu k pu y EbkexÞ c xI Þ C aemßA ) .

RB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´

lu ¼ RTg´ s Emþ g éRBsμ s an

9

y¨ a g

Tu kkñ ú gTI e n¼ehI y kalnw g bBa© b´ kayanu bsßnasti b,dæan eTIbRtas´ sEmþ g fa ÉvM exa Pi k ç ú e v dU e cñ ¼ .

Gri y sc© kñ ú g nvsI v fi k abBV sti C aeRKÓgkM N t´ é RBsμ s an 9 kñ ú g nvsI v fi k abBV £ ena¼ Ca Tu k ç s c© tNH a BI G tI t Caehtu [ ekI t sti e na¼ Ca smu T ysc© kar mi n RbRBw t þ e TAénTu k ç s c©

ni g smu T ysc© T aM g

2

Cani e raFsc©

.

Gri y mK: E dlCatY k M N t´ d w g Tu k ç l¼smu T y£ manni e raF ( ni B V a n ) CaGarmμ N _ CamK: s c© .

RB¼eyaKavcr rEmgseRmcRB¼ni B V a nedayGM N acénsc© £ 4 dU c BN’ n amken¼ sru b mk en¼Capø Ú v énFm’ E dlCaeRKÓgnaM e cjcak Tu k ç r hU t dl´ R B¼Grhtþ rbs´ P i k ç ú G ñ k kM N t´ é RBsμ s an 9 . (

cb; nvsIvfikabBV³

)

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-205- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ k¾ k ayanu b sßna 14 bBV £ KW GnaánbBV £ 1 }ri y abfbBV £ 1 ctu s m,BaØ b BV £ 1 bdi k U l mnsi k arbBV £ 1 Fatu m nsi k arbBV £ 1 nvsI v fi k abBV £ 9 cb´ e hI y edayBakümanRbmaNbu ¨ e NÑ ¼ . bNþ a bBV £ TaM g ena¼ cM e Ba¼ 2 bBV £ en¼ KW GanaánbBV £ 1 bdi k U l mnsi k arbBV £ 1 Ca Gb,nakmμ d æ a n ( kmμ d æ a nEdl[seRmc dl´ G b,nasmaFi ) cM E NkbBV £ d¾ e ssTaM g 12 bBV £ Ca«bcarkmμ d æ a n ( kmμ d æ a nEdl[seRmcdl´ « bcarsmaFi ) bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ eRBa¼ Rtas´ é RBsμ s anTaM g LayTu k edayGM N ac GaTI n vanu b sßna en¼ Ég .

(

cb; kayanubsSna

)

3

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-206- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 evTnanu b sßna [139] RB¼manRB¼PaKCam©as´ lu¼Rtas´kayanubsßnastib,dæan eday vi FI 14 y¨ ag dUc BN’namken¼ehIy }LÚ ven¼ edI m,In w gRtas´ evTnanubsßnaedayviFI 9 y¨ a g eTIbRtas´BakümanCaGaT× fa kfBa© Pi k ç e v .

kardw g Edlmi n EmnCasti b ,dæ a nPavna bNþ a bTTaM g ena¼ bTfa su x M evTnM manGFi b ,ayfa RB¼eyaKavcr kalesaysu x evTnaEdlRbRBwtþeTAtampø Ú vkay ¦RbRBwtþ eTAtampø Ú v ci t þ rEmgdw g c,as´ f a eyI g kM B u g esaysu x evTna dU e cñ ¼ . kñ ú g esckI þ e na¼ sU m ,I T arkEdledkp¶ a r kalesayesckI þ s u x kñ ú g evlapw kTw keda¼CaedI m k¾dwgc,as´ f a eyIgkM B u gesaysu x k¾B i t sUm,I dU e cñ a¼ Baküen¼ RB¼Gg:k¾ minánRtas´s MedAykkardwgy¨agen¼ eRBa¼ fa kardw g y¨ a gen¼ l¼bg´ stþ Ú b lT§ i mi n án dkstþs BaØ amin án mi nEmnCakmμ dæ an ¦mi nEmnCa stib,dæa nPavna .

kardw g EdlCasti b ,dæ a nPavna cM E Nkkardw g rbs´ P i k ç ú e n¼ l¼bg´ stþ Ú b lTi § án dk stþ sBaØ a án TaM g Ca kmμ d æ a n TaM g Ca sti b ,dæ a nPavna . k¾ k ardw g en¼

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-207- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ RB¼manRB¼PaK RTg´ R tas´ s M e dAykkaresay edaykardw g xø Ü n y¨ a g en¼fa nrNaesay karesayrbs´n rNa eRBa¼ehtuG V Ie TIb esay . bNþabTTaMgena¼ bTfa eka evTyti ( nrNaesay ) esckIþ fa mi n mannrNa KW stV ¦bu K : l NaesayeLI y . bTfa ksß evTna ( karesayrbs´ n rNa ) esckI þ f a mi n Emnkaresayrbs´ n rNa KW rbs´ s tV ¦bu K : l eLI y . bTfa kw karNa evTna ( eRBa¼ehtu G V I e TI b esay ) esckI þ fa k¾ e RBa¼manvtS ú C aGarmμ N _ eKeTI b mankaresay . eRBa¼ehtu e na¼ Pi k ç ú d w g c,as´ y ¨ a gen¼fa evTnaena¼Égesay edayeFVIv tS ú énesckI þs u xCaedImena¼ @ [CaGarmμ N_ . EteRBa¼sMe dA ykkarRbRBw t þ e TAénevTnaena¼ . Baküfa GhM evTyami ( GBaØ esayevTna ) eTI b manRtw m Etevaharbu ¨ e NÑ a ¼ .

RB¼eyaKavcrena¼kalkM N t´ d w g fa evTnaena¼Égesayeday eFV I v tS ú [ CaGarmμ N _ y ¨ a gen¼ Gñ k si k ßaKb,I y l´ f a elakdw g c,as´ f a GBaØ k M B u g esaysu x evTna . dU c RB¼efr£mY y rU b EdlenAkñ ú g ci t þ l tabB’ t dU e cñ a ¼ .

erOgRB¼efr£mY y rU b án|fa RB¼efr£kñúgevlaEdlelakmanGaBaF dkdegHImbeNIþr

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-208- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 edkbRg¼nenoleTAmk .

Pi k ç ú k M e la¼mY y rU b sU r elakfa elakm© a s´ eraKcak´ e datelak Rtg´ k Enø g Na ?

RB¼efr£eqøIyfa Gavuesa eQμ a¼fa TIEdleraKcak´ edatcMe Ba¼ kEnø g mi n man evTnaepßg @ esayedayeFV I v tS ú [ CaGarmμ N _ . Pi k ç ú kM e la¼Ráb´ f a

kalebI d U e cñ a ¼

elakKY r nw g Tb´ T l´ t aM g BI e BlEdl

dwgminEmn¦ elakm©as´ ? RB¼efr£eqøIyfa ¹kMBugTb´Tl´N+aelak .

Pi k ç ú k M e la¼Ráb´ f a elakm© a s´ karTb´ T l´ C arbs´ R besI r .

RB¼efr£ánTb´ T l´ e hI y . lM d ab´ e na¼ xül´ c ak´ e datdl´ e b¼dU g . eBa¼evonFM á nelon ecjmkKrenAelIERK RB¼efr£ánbgHaj[Pi kç úkMe la¼emI l fa Tb´ Tl´ bu ¨ e NÑ ¼ smKY r ¦enAelak Pi k ç ú k M e la¼k¾ e nAes¶ ó m . RB¼efr£Rbkb esckI þBüayamCani c© ehI yánseRmcRB¼Grhtþ RBmTaMgbdis miÖTa CaRB¼Grhnþ ( RbePT ) CI v i t smsI s I ehI y bri n i B V a n . kalRB¼eyaKavcrdw g c,as´ ( fa ) su x y¨ a gNa Tu k ç y ¨ a g ena¼

.l.

k¾ d w g c,as´ f a

kalesayGTu k ç m su x evTna

mi n GaRs& y edayGami s

GBaØ k M B u g esayGTu k ç m su x evTna

mi n GaRs& y eday

Gami s .

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-209- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ rU b kmμ d æ a n-GrU b kmμ d æ a n RB¼manRB¼PaK

kalRTg´ R tas´ R áb´ r U b kmμ d æ a nedayGakar

y¨ a gen¼ehI y kalnw g Rtas´ G rU b kmμ d æ a n eTI b ánRtas´ R áb´ e day GM N acénevTna

eRBa¼fa

kmμ d æ a n

man

2

y¨ a gKW

rU b kmμ d æ a n

1

GrU b kmμ d æ a n 1 . rU b kmμ d æ a n ni g GrU b kmμ d æ a n en¼ena¼Ég Rtas´ ehAfa rU b bri K : h ( karkM N t´ r U b ) GrU b bri K : h ( karkM N t´ G rU b ) k¾ m an . bNþ a rU b kmμ d æ a n ni g GrU b kmμ d æ a n ena¼ RB¼manRB¼PaKCa m© a s´

kalnw g Rtas´ R áb´

rU b kmμ d æ a n

eTI b Rtas´

ctu F atu v vdæ a n

( karkM N t´ F atu 4 ) Tu k edayGM N acén mnsi k ar edaysegç b xø ¼ edayGM N acénkarmnsi k aredayBi s þ a rxø ¼

.

kmμ d æ a nsU m ,I T aM g

2

y¨ a gena¼ ánsEmþ g Tu k ehI y kñ ú g Km< I r vi s u T i § m K: edayGakarTaM g BY g ena¼Ég

.

EtRB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´

kalnw g Rtas´ R áb´ G rU b kmμ -

dæ a n edayeRcI n k¾ n w g Rtas´ R áb´ e dayGM N acénevTna . eRBa¼fa kareFV I T u k kñ ú g ci t þ n U v GrU b kmμ d æ a n man 3 y¨ a g KW ( epþ a tci t þ ) eday GMN acénpsߣ 1 edayGMN acénevTna 1 edayGMNacéncit þ 1 . epþ a tci t þ d U c emþ c ? ( epþ a tci t þ y ¨ a gen¼ KW ) Bi t Nas´ psߣ kalBal´ R tÚ v GarmμN _e na¼ekI teLI g kñ úgxN£Edlci tþ ni gectsi kRbRBwtþeTA cMe Ba¼

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-210- Gdækfa stib,dæansURt TI 10 RKadM b U g énGarmμ N _ e na¼ rU b kmμ d æ a n

nw g mkRákddl´ R B¼eyaKavcrrU b xø ¼

EdlelakkM N t´ e hI y edaysegç b

¦edayBi s þ a r

kñ ú g .

evTnakalesayGarmμ N _ e na¼ekI t eLI g nw g Rákddl´ R B¼eyaKavcr rU b xø ¼ vi B aØ a NkalkM N t´ G armμ N _ e na¼ dw g ehI y ekI t eLI g dl´ e yaKavcrrU b xø ¼ . bNþ a psߣ evTna vi B aØ a NTaM g ena¼ psߣ Rákd dl´ R B¼eyaKavcrNa

mi n cM e Ba¼Etpsߣbu ¨ e NÑ a ¼

sU m ,I e vTnaEdlesayGarmμ N _ e na¼

EdlekI t eLI g

k¾ e kI t eLI g CamY y nw g psߣEdr

sU m ,I s BaØ a EdlcaM á n sU m ,I e ctnaEdltaM g ci t þ sU m ,I v i B aØ a NEdl dw g c,as´ n U v Garmμ N _ e na¼

@

nw g ekI t eLI g RBmCamY y psߣena¼Edr

eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ RB¼eyaKavcrena¼ rEmgkM N t´ e ctsi k Fm’ manpsߣ CaTI 5 ena¼Ég . evTnaNa Rákddl´ R B¼eyaKavcr mi n cM e Ba¼evTnamü¨ a genaH bu ¨ e NÑ a ¼eTEdlekI t eLI g sU m ,I p sߣEdlBal´ R tÚ v k¾ n w g ekI t eLI g Ca mY y nw g evTnaena¼Edr sU m ,I s BaØ a EdlcaM G armμ N _ sU m ,I e ctnaEdl taM g ci t þ

sU m ,I v i B aØ a NEdldw g c,as´

ena¼Edr

eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼

k¾ n w g ekI t eLI g CamY y nw g evTna

RB¼eyaKavcrena¼

k¾ r EmgkM N t´ e ctsi k Fm’

manpsߣCaTI 5 ena¼Ég . sU m ,I v i B aØ a N

nw g Rákddl´ R B¼eyaKavcrNa

mi n cM e Ba¼Et

vi B aØ a Nena¼Etmü¨ a gbu ¨ e NÑ a ¼nw g ekI t eLI g sU m ,I p sߣ EdlBal´ R tÚ v

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-211- bbBa©sUTnI Gdækfa mCÄimnikay mUlbNÑask³ Garmμ N _ e na¼ @ Ég k¾ n w g ekI t eT,I g CamY y nw g vi B aØ a Nena¼Edr sU m ,I evTnaEdlesay

sU m ,I s BaØ a EdlcaM á nsm: a l´ á n

EdltaM g ci t þ c M e Ba¼Garmμ N _ e na¼

sU m ,I e ctna

k¾ n w g ekI t eLI g CamY y vi B aØ a Nena¼Edr

eRBa¼dUe cñ a¼ RB¼eyaKavcrena¼ rEmgkM Nt´ dw gectsikFm’ manpsߣ CaTI 5 ena¼Ég .

RB¼eyaKavcrena¼

kalBi c arNafa

Fm’ m anpsߣCaTI

5

TaM g en¼GaRs& y nw g GV I . nw g RCabc,as´ f a GaRs& y vtS ú . krCkay

eQμ a ¼fa

vtS ú

RB¼manRB¼PaKCam© a s´ R tas´ s M e dA

ykfa k¾ É vi B aØ a Nrbs´ e yI g en¼ GaRs& y enAkñ ú g krCkayen¼ Cab´ CM B ak´ e nAkñ ú g krCkayen¼ . edayesckI þ RB¼eyaKavcrena¼ rEmgeXI j TaM g ( mha ) PU t rU b TaM g «áTayrU b kalebI d U e cñ a ¼ kñ ú g evTnabBV £ en¼ RB¼eyaKavcrnw geXIjRtw mEtnamrU bbu ¨e NÑ a ¼fa vtSú CarUb ectsikFm’ manpsߣ CaTI 5 Canam . kñ ú g esckI þ e n¼ rU b ándl´ rU b kç n § nam ándl´ GrU b kç n § T aM g 4 eRBa¼dU e cñ a ¼ eTI b manRtw m EtbBa© k ç n § b u ¨ e NÑ a ¼ . eRBa¼ fa bBa© k ç n § Edlnw g pu t caknamrU b ¦namrU b Edlnw g pu t GM B I b Ba© k ç n § mi n man .

RB¼eyaKavcrena¼

kalvi e RKa¼Bi c arNafa

bBa© k ç n § T aM g en¼

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