August 2018 Issue by Metanoia Magazine

CONTENTS 4

Executive Summary

George Shultz By Hank and Salme Leis

Victory For Some, Betrayal For Others By Andreas C Chrysafis

Congratulations To Shahid Abrar-ul-Hassan

Is Surgery Not A Good Option For Your Shoulder? By Dr. Caleb Ng, ND

The Art of Nicholas Bott By Hank Leis

Parties, Politics, and Panache Volunteer Celebration Awards

Rant By Hank Leis

Parties, Politics, and Panache The Vancouver International Chinese Film Festival

Missives By Donald J. Boudreaux

What a Ride By Len Giles

Dan Walker Chronicles By Dan Walker

On the cover: Allison Patton at the 6th Annual Vancouver International Chinese Film Festival Maple Leaf Award Ceremony

METANOIA MAGAZINE

Executive And Staff PUBLISHERS Salme Johannes Leis & Allison Patton EDITOR Shahid Abrar-ul-Hassan EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS JR Leis & Heino Leis COPY CHIEF Caleb Ng ASSISTANT TO THE EXECUTIVE Jillian Currie PHOTO ARCHIVIST Galina Bogatch INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTOR Suzette Laqua INTERVIEWER/PHOTOGRAPHER Britany Snider DISTRIBUTORS AUSTRALIA Peter Storen CANADA GREATER TORONTO AND HAMILTON AREAS Henry Maeots GREATER VANCOUVER AREA Lesley Diana

CONTRIBUTORS Beth Allen, Gerald Auger, Maureen Bader, Alex Barberis, Mario Basner, Andy Belanger, John P. Bell, Donald J. Boudreaux, Des Brophy, Dr. Tim Brown ND, Richard Calmes, Andreas C Chrysafis, Anabella Corro, Kamala Coughlan, Brian Croft, Miki Dawson, Shane Dean, Vie Dunn-Harr, Cheryl Gauld, Len Giles, Kulraj Gurm, William Haskell, Greg Hill, Matt Hill, Carly Hilliard, Dr. Gordon Hogg, Marilyn Hurst, Dr. Arthur Janov, Jeanette Jarville, Randolph Jordan, Richard King IV, Peter and Maria Kingsley, Mark Kingwell, Rod Lamirand, Barbara A. Lane, Valev Laube, Suzette Laqua, Marilyn Lawrie, Hank Leis, Nelson Leis, Salme Leis, Chris MacClure, Dunstan Massey, Seth Meltzer, Thomas Mets, Fabrice Meuwissen, Dr. Caleb Ng ND, Paul Nijar, Janice Oleandros, Stefan Pabst, Dr. Allison Patton ND, Ivan Pili, Luis Reyes, Danielle Richard, Cara Roth, Dr. Bernard Schissel, Pepe Serna, Diego Solis, Cameron Stewart, Lisa Stocks, Peter Storen, Mohamed Taher, Christopher Titus, Jack Vettriano, Dr. Jack Wadsworth, Chris Walker, Dan Walker, Saravut Whanset, Tom Weniger, Sharon Weiser, Harvey White, Robyn Williams, and Helena Wierzbicki METANOIA MAGAZINE

Is a publication of Metanoia Concepts Inc. 3566 King George Blvd Surrey, B.C. V4P 1B5 Canada 604.538.8837 Metanoiamagazine@gmail.com Metanoiamagazine.com

MONTREAL Gene Vezina INDIA AND PAKISTAN Tariq Ghuman UNITED KINGDOM LONDON Salme Leis UNITED STATES ALBANY NEW YORK Seth Meltzer LAS VEGAS Mario Basner NEW YORK Valev Laube METANOIA MAGAZINE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This issue features the four part series on George P. Shultz by Hank and his daughter Salme Leis at Stanford University. The interview was completed some years ago, but we felt it deserved a repeat given the current political and economic climate. The Vancouver International Chinese Film Festival has become an important annual event and this year we were invited to attend. The exquisite costumes and talent makes it all a worthwhile afternoon. Nicholas Bott is a superb artist. Every Canadian needs to own one of his paintings. Hank Leis interviews this very talented, interesting, and humble man. We have the usual Rant by Hank Leis, that you may or may not want to read. Then there are photos – lots of them – and much, much more. Indeed this issue indulges a cornucopia of reading pleasure – particularly for those of you who have an interest in the “Metanoic” lifestyle. Change is in the air, and you the reader are in the leading edge.

Since the founding of Metanoia Magazine by three Naturopathic Doctors and the Leis family in 2008, we have produced over ninety issues. We have had over one thousand articles written, including interviews of over 100 actors, 100 artists, dozens of politicians, philosophers, psychologists, and experts in other fields. A majority of the writers have post-graduate degrees or have expertise or knowledge of a special nature.

Allison Patton and Doug McCallum of the Safe Surrey Coaltion, addressing the Eid Mubarak celebrations and the victory celebrations of the swearing in ceremony of Prime Minister Iman Khan of Pakistan. The event was held in Surrey, BC at the Taj Banquet Hall.

Cr centBeach Bistro 12251 Beecher St | Surrey, BC| 604.531.1882

AN INTERVIEW WITH FORMER SECRETARY OF STATE

GEORGE SHULTZ

BY HANK AND SALME LEIS

METANOIA MAGAZINE

A NOTE FROM THE AUTHORS: This Interview of George P. Shultz by Hank and Salme Leis was originally published in issues of Metanoia Magazine from 2011. It was carried out at Stanford University, where he is currently teaching. He has taught at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Stanford, and the University of Chicago, where he became the Dean of the Business School. He has been a Distinguished Fellow of the Hoover Institute since 1989. As well, he was President and Director of Bechtel Corporation, a major engineering and construction company. George Shultz has held four different Cabinet posts during his time spent in politics. He served as Staff Economist on President Eisenhower’s Council of Economic Advisors. For President Nixon, he served as Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Secretary of Labour, and Secretary of the Treasury. In President Reagan’s administration, he was Chairman of the President’s Economic Policy Advisory Board and Secretary of State. Mr. Shultz has written numerous books and has received many honorary degrees and awards, the most notable being the nation's highest civilian honour, the Medal of Freedom, and the Seoul Peace Prize. In his book, Ideas and Action (The 10 Commandments of Negotiation), George Shultz discusses the negotiations he as Secretary of State, during the administration of U.S. President Ronald Reagan, conducted with Mikhail Gorbachev and his counterparts in the Soviet Union. Mr. Shultz, who served under a number of U.S. Presidents, was a formidable negotiator not because of being brash or aggressive, but because his arguments made sense to his opponents. Against the will of most advisors and their own fundamental distrust of the Soviet leadership, Reagan and Shultz took on the formidable task of reducing the stock of arsenal the Soviet Union and NATO had aimed at each other. Without the advent a

new General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, the first University educated leader, the likelihood of success would have been considerably diminished. Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze had replaced the cold warrior Andrei A. Gromyko and as it turned out, Reagan, Shultz, Gorbachev and Shevardnadze would negotiate a new kind of truce for the world. They were the right people for the right time.

Hank Leis and George P. Shultz at Stanford Interview

Because Mr. Shultz operated at a strategic level and was so effective in achieving what many others had attempted but failed (weapons reduction by Soviet Union and the U.S.) I regard him as one of the penultimate negotiators of our times. For those looking for an ideal, George P. Shultz remains to serve as an example of a person who can get things done and remain humble while pursuing his objectives. The 10 Commandments of Negotiation By George Shultz

1. Be In Control Of Your Constituency 2. Understand The Needs Of The Other Side 3. Personal Factors 4. An Educational Process 5. An Ongoing Process 6. Credibility 7. Timing 8. Strength And Diplomacy Go Together 9. Trust Is The Coin Of The Realm 10. Realistic Goals This interview is being published in one piece (previously published in four parts) to illustrate how things have changed and how things have remained the same as when first published.

METANOIA MAGAZINE

Salme Leis and George P. Shultz at Stanford University

Based on your ten commandments of negotiations in your book, what you’re trying to do is to get into the heads of your counterparts to predict their future behaviour. I was wondering how well you knew the leaders of the Soviet Union and how were you able to detect all the subtleties, nuances and words of your counterparts through the interpreters? Well it is difficult. You have your interpreters and they have theirs; it's usually the same people so you get to know them and the interpreters are glad to check with each other. My interpreter listens to the interpretation of the Russian interpreter; if he thinks it's not exactly right, he raises his hand and they have a discussion. It's so important, if it's a major thing you're negotiating, to get it exactly right. The interpreters are very good that way and that's kind of an understood thing. When I negotiated with the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Andrei Gromyko, he spoke perfect English but he insisted on speaking in Russian and having interpretation both ways and he spoke for a long time so it was tremendously time

consuming and also you don't connect the words with somebody's body language. When Eduard Shevardnadze came along as his successor it was different. The first meeting I had with him was at a big meeting of heads of state and foreign ministers of many countries. It was in Helsinki. The hosting of meetings between the two of us always alternated back and forth. It was my turn to be the host and I had it set up in our ambassadors residences in Helsinki for simultaneous translation. In other words we each had a microphone and an ear piece and the interpreters were in a different room. You hear what they say and as you are speaking to me in Russian I'm hearing what they are saying in English simultaneously. So I go into this hall full of people and I say to my group, “Where is the Soviet delegation?” It was in one of these amphitheatres and our delegation was seated way over here and the Russian delegation was way over there. I walk down to the front and I walk over and everyone in the hall can see what was happening. I went over to Shevardnadze and introduced myself to him and said “Tomorrow we

have a meeting and I have an idea. We generally have this drawn out of process of consecutive translations, but we can set up where we interpret simultaneously and that saves a lot of time and it leads to better understanding. And anytime there's something puzzling, just raise your hand and we go right back into the slower process so you're sure.” He immediately said, “That's a good idea.” I thought the ambassador to Britain was going to faint because they never agree to anything; there's always a negotiation about it. But that was a good sign. So that's what we did. Reagan and Gorbachev adopted that method and both of them have great body language. I mean you hardly need the words because you can tell by their faces what they're getting at. It meant much better communication because we could get through things much faster. When you were negotiating with your Soviet counterpart was it body language and what they emphasized that you noticed more or the words that were being used? The words are key, but I was looking around for signals: who is there, who shows

Top: Former Russian Minister of Foreign Aﬀairs, Andrei Gromyko was known as Mr. Nyet (“Mr. No”).

METANOIA MAGAZINE

Below: Eduard Shevardnadze was the minister of Foreign Aﬀairs that succeded Andrei Gromyko. He went on to become the President of the Republic of Georgia. 8

up, who else is there. That gives you some clues. I was also looking for who spoke with some authority. I think in general when I had meetings with the Soviet leaders back when I was Secretary of the Treasury, the meetings were more about economic matters. There was a man named Alexei Kosygin who was the number two person in the Kremlin but he was their economic person. I found him very good to deal with because he understood problems quickly and we talked about economic things a lot and where we had some problems we worked them out. Then I had my counterpart, a communist named Nikolai Patolichev. He was a well decorated soldier, and he'd tell me war stories. One time we traveled to St. Petersburg, when it then was called Leningrad, and he asked me what I wanted to see. I told him, “I want to see what everyone else wants to see: the Hermitage, Romanov's Palace…” And he says, “No, first we go to the Cemetery!” So we went to the cemetery. At the Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery there's a deck which you can look out onto the cemetery. It has huge mounds of mass graves. We walked down between the mounds. There's funeral music playing and Patolichev is explaining to me the Battle of Leningrad while laying a wreath at the end and suddenly he's got tears streaming down his face. I looked back at the woman who was our interpreter at the time and she had broken down as well. It was very emotional and real. We walked back and I said to him “I have a great sympathy with these people here because I also fought in World War Two. I also had men shot down beside me and after all these are the people who stopped Hitler.” I went up to the front of the platform that overlooked the cemetery and I'm a Marine, so I gave my best Marine stature and I gave a little salute and I walked back and he said to me, “Thank you George, that shows respect.” I think that one of the things that is important is to show respect. Almost anybody deserves respect for some things. You may not like much of what they do or respect a lot of what they do but there are some things that deserve respect. When the Soviets went to battle against the Nazi's in WWII, once they were in battle they were courageous. They want to have that acknowledgment and there's a picture up there now of me standing there saluting. So anyways I did get to know Shevardnadze and my other Soviet counterparts very well by spending time with them and respecting what they emphasized.

Top Right: George Shultz, and former General Secretary of the Communist Party of U.S.S.R., Mikhail Gorbachev Right Centre: George Shultz and former President Richard Nixon Right Bottom: The Piskariovskoye Memorial Cemetery in St. Petersburg, Russia is a historical reminder of the 500,000 soldiers and civilians that starved to death during a two year siege by Nazis. Each mound is a mass grave holding approximately 2,500 dead. METANOIA MAGAZINE

What were Shevardnadze?

Above: George P. Shultz, former President Barak Obama and Henry Kissinger.

your

impressions

He was definitely a real human being. When he first came to the US from Russia I invited him over to my house for dinner and we just had him over at the house for supper. There was nothing special about it, but we did have a fireplace and I have a way of cooking steaks. You get a nice thick cut of beef and you put salt on one side and put it right down on the ashes and take it off, scrape off the salt, put salt on the other side and put that on the ashes, and you had to get it in and get it out again so I got him down on his knees to helping me do this much to the annoyance of a Soviet diplomat, Dobrynin, to see this. It turned out well so I thought it was a success. I did the same thing with Wu Xueqain when he came as the Chinese Foreign Minister. So when you kind of do something together and have it work out and you build that capacity to communicate. When we were back in Vancouver one of the most important questions everyone had for you was, “What was the recipe for the steak?” Shultz stares incredulously. I want to talk to you a little bit more about leadership. It’s been described as a boundary spanning position. One of the commandments of negotiations that you talked about was controlling your constituency. You talked about how strength and diplomacy work and how you have to know what’s going on inside your group and then try to meet the demands of what’s going on in the outside environment. Did you have any sense of what the other side was thinking and where there doubts or issues were of your constituency? Well that's what you're trying to figure out all the time. Negotiation is an education process. You have to look at it that way. You're trying to teach the other side about where your bottom line is and what's important and why it's important while keeping in mind your constituency. I'll give an example: In our arms control negotiations it's obviously very important and very tense within the US government. People have their views and if you're the negotiator you want to bring back something that everyone accepts. I was on my way to Geneva to negotiate a resumption of the arms control talks with Gromyko and I talked with President Reagan a lot about it. A set of detailed instructions were developed that everyone signed off on.

These were my instructions and they were pretty detailed. Everybody said, “Well okay. So, you're off to Geneva. Take a couple of people so you don't have people messing around with you.” I said, “No, I'll go another way. I'm going to take a key person from anyone who thinks they have a legitimate interest in this.” Obviously the number of people actually sitting in the negotiating room was smaller but I was the head of the delegation. Outside and between sessions I would go back and give them a complete report of what was going on. By the time we got through everything, we had to make concessions internally get it to happen, but everyone had signed off so my constituency was behind what I had done. If they hadn't been there, they would have been second guessing. But being there they could see what was going on. If the Russians threw something out there that seemed a little bit odd or different did you have to go back and recalculate the whole proposal or were you able to actually deal with it right then and there? How we deal with it is [that] you are well versed and you have your needed expert present. So you can just go right back to them. Yes. And you have to remember as the US negotiator I was really negotiating on behalf of the NATO Alliance. So you have the Canadians, you have the Germans and the French and Belgians and so on and so on. And at the end of the day they want to feel consulted and you have to bring them along even if it (the proposal) looks attractive. Even if it is something completely out of the box. I remember once Gorbachev suggested something that I thought was attractive and I told him that this is very positive and he said, "Well, you can agree to it," and I replied, "I can't because we're part of an alliance and I'm not here by myself." So I needed to go back and consult and he couldn't understand that because the Warsaw Pact said that he didn't have to go back and consult. But with the NATO Alliance, the cohesion that we developed in this period, I think was all much in part because everybody was kept informed and had the chance to have their say and knew what was going on. It seems to me that Gorbachev was very bold, particularly with his proposals in Iceland. First of all he must have had authority to be so bold and it wasn’t just a spur of the moment thing, but secondly I think that it caught the US by surprise a little bit, with some of the proposals

asking for eliminating all the weaponry that were on the table at the time. That's correct and it was supposedly a kind of preliminary meeting to get set for the coming meeting in Washington. So we didn't know what they were going to propose but we took a big delegation and of course we knew all of our proposals very well and had a big delegation so we could have people there who were very knowledgeable. So Gorbachev on the first morning basically agreed to all our proposals. It was breathtaking! All the proposals we had on the table in negotiations: Zero (Option), INF (Treaty), cutting strategic arms in half and he laid all this out. It was all coming our way. At one point President Reagan was going to interject and I said, "Let him talk. It's all coming our way." That was the first morning and then we reported that to our group and our group had talking points and then of course it led to more sweeping things like an agreement to get rid of nuclear weapons entirely which was something President Reagan had advocated publicly for a long time. It was a very fruitful meeting. It was so fruitful on the first day that we suggested and they agreed that we should set up working groups that would try to get things pinned down more that had been agreed in general terms. So there was an arms control working group and a working group on other things. Paul Nitze was chairman of our all nighter as well as Roz (Rozanne) Ridgway, who was Assistant Secretary of State and was working with me and was our person and they negotiated out the details of what later became the START Treaty and the INF treaty and so on. And also at Roz's meetings, they agreed for the first time in a formal way that human rights would be a legitimate regular subject in our agenda. That was something of a breakthrough, so in the end they made everything contingent on confining our research on strategic defence to the laboratory which we interpreted as being killed and I think the President would likely agree to that but nevertheless in a negotiation like that once positions are out there you've seen your bottom line and you can't get it back again. So eventually it all came to pass. Did you know what the reason was for this sudden turnaround? Did it have something to do with the collapsing economy in the Soviet Union or were there other pressures on them? I think the pressures were great. Gorbachev was a realist about the Soviet economy. You have to remember all of his predecessors never lived in the Soviet Union. They lived in a little cocoon. Their METANOIA MAGAZINE

wives shopped in special stores. They really didn't have an idea of what life was like in their country. On the other hand Gorbachev had grown up in post World War II and so had Shevardnadze and they knew perfectly well what it was like. And Gorbachev came to see Canada. So all of a sudden he sees Canada and he thinks it's heaven on earth. So he had a different perspective and background than his predecessors did. We had a conference here at Hoover on the 20th anniversary of Reykjavik and one of the people doing researcher dug into the Hoover archives which are quite remarkable and he found a copy of the instructions that the Politburo had given to Gorbachev for the Reykjavik meeting and as you say he didn't just go there and do this, he had instructions. They thought it through. So we see all of this in the instructions and if we had this beforehand I don't know if it would have helped us particularly other than realizing what was happening. I think they saw that the price of oil was reduced to nothing. The Saudis were flooding the market and I think the price was probably below their cost of producing oil so they were totally priced out of the foreign exchange. Was this part of the US strategy or did it just happen to be the case that the oil prices were down at the time? No, we had talked to the Saudis and had tried to get them to put out as much output as possible. So it was more of a strategic move to lower the prices than it was an economic move in a sense. Well, that was part of a strategy I'd say. Not a big deal, but part of it. Major difference. I just want to bring some of these discussions forward a little bit. When you were negotiating with the Soviet Union, there was a sense that the leaders were really representing their people in a way that they wanted them to do well, wanted their people to do well, and survive. Just as an aside, how do you negotiate with people who don’t have those values? Today we’re in the world where people are sending their children out to virtually kill themselves and other people. When you don’t have any kind of leverage in terms of human rights how do you approach negotiations? How would you do that today? Well I think you have to be secure in your own values and don't back up on them.

I think there are obviously people who have some sort of notion that allows you to kill yourself with all these suicide bombers. We saw it first in WWII. Remember the Japanese? Kamikaze flyers were flying their planes into battleships and so forth. So there is that mentality. I think it's fair to say it's not very widespread, but it doesn't take very many people who blow themselves up to cause a lot of damage and to be an unpredictable force which is what they're trying to do to be disruptive. But at any rate, I think you push for your values, but you also protect yourself. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m just thinking that one of the things you emphasized in one of your negotiations was human rights and at some point the Soviet Union also bought into it. That they were willing to negotiate human rights issues. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m not sure that today the same kind of human rights issues can even be raised given the attitudes of the enemies of the US right now. Well, I think with China it's worth keeping some assurances on it. Earlier this week I was in Washington for the visit of Hu Jintao and he said something that got a lot of attention. He said, "China has a lot of work to do in the field of human rights." That's the first time any top notch Chinese leader has ever said anything quite like that. But you watch China. I've had the privilege of going there periodically now for quite a long time and people say, "Will China change?" and I say, "Come on. China has changed dramatically!" It's very different not only in economic terms, but in social terms and sense of being terms and human rights terms and political terms. It's a very different place. Still authoritarian at the top, but still it's very open and alive. The first time I went, there were just bicycles and everybody was dressed exactly the same way. You go today, it's a traffic jam. And everyone has different things on and the women are dressed colourfully and it's a totally different atmosphere. And yes I think China didn't handle the Nobel Prize incident [with Liu Xiaobo] well. They called attention to it which is like a big advertisement that they're stupid about this subject. But maybe they're learning something. So you keep after it. But I think the key in this and I say this in the book, Shevardnadze said to me one time while we were discussing human rights, "George we might do some of these things that you're talking about but not to please you. [We will do it] only if it seems to be in our interest." So I thought about that remark a lot and I worked out a presentation to him and to Gorbachev. We go to Gorbachev, "We

Above: George Shultz receiving an award from former President Reagan

Above: George Shultz advising former President Ronald Reagan

always get together and argue about this new thing. But there's something going on the world that's going to affect you, it's going to affect me it's going to affect everything in a major way. I mean everything we talk about. It's the information revolution. It's big. It's changing things and if you insist on having a closed compartmented system you're going to get left behind because the information age is an internet open age and if you're not open, you're not there so METANOIA MAGAZINE

it's different. And in your interest, you need to get on board." When President Nixon and Henry Kissinger went to China, was there any sense at that time that this would be the beginning of something absolutely as enormous as it has become and that China would quickly become the powerhouse as it is today?

Above: Former U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev signing the INF Treaty in the East Room at the White House in 1987.

I think it was quite obvious that it was a major thing and of course instead of having China and the Soviet Union kind of aligned, China was more with us. That was a big shift. And then obviously it's a gigantic country, so with a very ancient civilization it's going to be important one way or the other. The rapidity of their economic advance I don't think anybody quite saw. If you look at the Chinese communities in San Francisco, New York, or Vancouver they're thriving. The Chinese are not stupid. They know how to make money, trade, produce things and work hard and you can see these themes. It just seems that the Chinese work for the long term and they’re ready to accept incremental advances and those increments add up and keep adding up until finally they have accumulated what others would have wanted to accumulate. At this time when it comes to the military the Chinese are catching up very rapidly with the US. Do you get the sense that as things go along that the history of hostility that China and the US have had will be all worked out in spite of the fact that there is such a military build up right now in China? I think there is a lot of strain. Actually the relationships have been pretty good over the years. It's only been in the recent few years the strains have been particularly pronounced because China suddenly has become very assertive. And it's not just the US, [the situation has] gotten the whole Asian community upset. [China is] getting a lot of push back behaviour which I think is going to be counterproductive for them, but in military terms they have the most total number of men under arms than any other country now. Are you able to anticipate these kinds of things? Are there studies going on that are able to anticipate just what’s going to happen in China or in the Middle East? I wish there were. I don't know anybody that could do that, but you can see certain

things that point to developments that need to be watched. I'll give an example with demography; there are things happening to populations that are in a sense baked in the cake because people have been born and they're aging. That's what's happening. In Japan we know it's a rapidly aging population, [the total] population is declining, the proportion of people in the labour forces is declining pretty rapidly which has big implications. China has had a different pattern. China had a drop in fertility like that sustained over a 30 year period: a very rapid decline partly because of the one child policy. What does that mean? That means that the cohorts coming up in the age structure are all smaller than the ones above them so for the past 25 years China has had a gigantic demographic dividend. That is, they've had a rapidly growing labour force supporting fewer and fewer people so that's the dividend effect. That is about to reverse itself. When I say 'about to' I mean in a year or two because those smaller generations are suddenly going to be predominant and China is experiencing increased longevity so suddenly China is going to become the most rapidly aging country in the world. And rapid growth in the labour force will level off. In only a few years later it will start to decline. And this is all baked in the cake. So it isn't conceivable, I don't think that they can continue to have these astonishing growth rates in their GDP. They have done a good job of taking advantage of the demographic developments, but the demographic developments also impose a reality that's going to change. So you can see that. Then you say to yourself, “What are the implications and how are people going to handle it and so on?” There's a lot at stake around the world besides Canada about how you handle the problem of aging. Aging populations is a new phenomena in many ways. South America and Africa have not really yet joined this age of modern economics. I think South America more than Africa, but do you see the same kind of surge developing in Africa for example in the next 20 years? Is there any kind of information that would lead you to believe that something big is going to happen to Africa which will change the entire continent? Well first of all I think we need to check ourselves in saying words like 'Asia' or 'Latin America' or something thinking it's describing homogeneity. The countries are often very different from each other. So I METANOIA MAGAZINE

think in Africa there are a lot of variations but I think it's also been the case in Africa that the quality of governments have been poor and without reasonable governance it's hard to develop a prosperous flow. Africa is richly endowed with natural resources. Probably as much as anywhere but the quality of their governance is poor. Take Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, a very wealthy place is being ruined by Mugabe. Absolutely. It's going down because of the governance. So, governance is key and I thought that Bush administration's effort to say we're going to base our aid into Africa on governance and the countries who produce good governments will get help and those that don't... I mean why does anybody want to send money to Zimbabwe right now? It's a total waste. So, I think that's the key with Africa. I would like to ask you a kind of general question. At the level that you operated in the government, you’re really kind of designing the future for mankind. You’re looking at the world and you’re saying, "Ok. This is how I would really like to see it evolve." Can you speak to that just to describe such a world? The way I think we've thought of our administration was like this: our foreign policy starts with our neighbourhood. That's Canada and Mexico. So we should pay a lot of attention to those two countries. They're our neighbours and if things are healthy in those places then that's a huge advantage. So in the Reagan administration we paid a lot of attention. The first trip I made out of the country deliberately was to Canada. And riding up on the plane he was at these press interviews and this press was saying, “What in the world are you going to Canada for?” And I said, “Well, who do you think our biggest trading partner is?” And they would say Japan or Germany or something like that and I'd say, “You guys are so ignorant it's alarming." Canada is our biggest trading partner by miles. There's no country even close. So it's important, and there were contacts between the US and Canada, and so we have a lot going so we better pay attention and the same with Mexico. Mexico has gradually seen itself as part of North America and that was a long time in happening. And then we have our own neighbourhood: Central America, Caribbean and South America. So we paid a lot of attention to what we thought was our neighbourhood. Then you have the general principles that you're espousing and you have some major things that you analyze, you pay attention to them, work with them and obviously in the Cold War the Soviet

Union had been a major preoccupation for everybody. And in the Reagan period we broke philosophically with a lot of what preceded us. You remember Jimmy Carter had a kind of wishful attitude towards the Soviet Union and when they invaded Afghanistan he said he was shocked and surprised and he cut off everything? Gromyko's annual visit to Washington was cancelled, our athletes were not allowed to go to the Moscow Olympics, START SALT Treaty withdrawn from consideration by the congress. Nothing. So we take over and there is no contact going on when I took over as Secretary of State. My friend, Helmut Schmidt from Germany, came to me and he said, “George this situation is dangerous. There's no human contact.” So I thought to rebuild it. And somehow people have this idea that if you talk to someone that means you're going to give in to what the person wants. That's nonsense. You talk to somebody to tell them, "Here's the way I look at it." And gradually we did and there was this notion early in the Reagan administration that it was a very hostile one and sometimes things that happen by chance have an impact and I had been to China and it was kind of a turnaround major meeting in China when I went. It got a lot of television time. I came back to Washington on a Friday and it was snowing. It snowed all night and it snowed on Saturday, the Reagan's were stuck in the White House they couldn't go to Camp David by car or chopper, nothing, so they're there. The phone rings in our house. Nancy's sitting on the phone and she says, “How about you and your wife coming over and having supper with us?” So over we go. It was nice. Two couples had a nice dinner. Then they started asking me about the Chinese leaders, what they were like as people to deal with, and if they had a sense of humour. Then they knew that I had dealt a lot with the Soviet leaders when I was Secretary of the Treasury so some of the same people were there. So they started asking me about them. And as the evening went on it dawned on me this man has never had a real conversation with a big time Communist leader and he's dying to have one. So by that time I had weekly meetings with Ambassador Dobrynin. The object was to get rid of all those nuisance things. So I said to him, “Next Tuesday around 5 p.m. Anatoly Dobrynin is coming over for one of these meetings. What if I bring him over here and you can talk to him?" And Reagan said, “That's a great idea. I'll do that. I won't be long because all I what to

tell him is if his new leader Andropov has succeeded, if he's interested in constructive dialogue I'm ready.” Well, that was news to his White House staff, but I could see this was where his mind was. So Dobrynin comes over, we were there for an hour and a half. We went over everything under the sun. Dobrynin must have been astonished at how well-informed the President was about all of these. We talked about human rights a lot. Soviet Union problems. And then there were the Pentecostals who had rushed into our embassy in the Carter period. And they were still there because if we put them out, they'd probably be killed, but it was a crazy situation and Reagan kept saying, “You know it's just like a big neon sign you're hanging out saying you don't give people a chance to worship who they like. You don't let them emigrate, you don't treat people decently. You gotta do something about that because if you do you'll never hear a METANOIA MAGAZINE

word from me, all I care about is something happening.” So, riding back Dobrynin says to me, “Why don't we make that our special project?” So we did and we worked at it. Finally we had a piece of paper from them that they had to say to their President any lawyer would tell you there are holes in this, holes that you could drive a truck through, but given all this background, I believe that in the end that they will be allowed to have an agreement. So we're taking their lives in our hands and we've managed to get them to agree to leave the Embassy; they were allowed to go back home. Two months later they were all allowed to emigrate along with all their families about 60 people and I said to Dobrynin, “The deal is, if you let them out we won't crow.” He [Reagan] never said a word.

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WORLD POLITICS

Victory For Some... Betrayal For Others! By Andreas C. Chrysafis

The Kim/Trump summit can be considered as a Victory for Sanity. A deal was negotiated by two archenemies that only yesterday were ready to use nuclear warheads against each other. They both showed statesmanship and have my respect; it’s a good move for peace! But what Tsipras did was insanity. Pushed by NATO, IMF/Troika and the EU this man signed away the national and cultural pride of Hellenism accepting the renaming the Albania/Skopia Turko-nation, as a new “North Macedonia” and share it with Greece. If that’s not a national insult, I don’t know what it is! This is a national betrayal of a grand scale; tomorrow it will be islands’ turn in the Aegean! The same is planned for Cyprus! The Anastasiades government and most Cypriot politicians are ready to partition the island

and probably rename the Turkish occupied area as a new “North Turkish Cyprus”. The US/Korea agreement is a Victory for Common Sense but the Greek/Skopia agreement it’s a time bomb ready to explode; nobody can anticipate what will happen next! Knowing that Greeks, they will defend their national heritage and pride.

Andreas C. Chrysafis Was born at Ayios Ambrosios, Kerynia, Cyprus. He studied and lived in the UK and Vancouver, Canada for most of his life where he practiced his profession as an architectural designer. He is a prolific writer of books, press articles including The Vanishing Cyprus series and The Revolution of the Mind series both published worldwide. Today, he lives between London and Cyprus devoting most of his time writing and painting works of art. Info@ evandia.com

Cyprus is the next victim of insanity and will succumb to the wishes of the EU, Troika and NATO but also to Turkish aggression and sign a deal. What would Greek Cypriots do then? Nothing as always! Today it’s a sad day for Hellenic pride and it’s time for Grexit and Cyprexit especially now that Italy is also standing up against the EU virus of broken dreams and prosperity. METANOIA MAGAZINE

www.facebook.com/ACChrysafisAuthor www.facebook.com/ACChrysafisArtGallery

When the the sky sky When Whenisthe sky no longer your your limit limit is no longer is no longer your limit

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CONGRATULATIONS

Shahid Abrar-ul-Hassan

Metanoia Magazine would like to congratulate our Editor, Shahid Abrarul-Hassan, for being awarded the Young Alumni Achievement Award for the Middlebury Institute’s Graduate School of Translation, Interpretation and Language Education. As recognized Institution,

the

Middleton

"Abrar-ul-Hassan’s professional work in leadership roles straddles institutions in many regions of the world. He currently teaches at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, works as an ESOL assessment practitioner, and serves as a subject expert with the British Columbia Ministry of Advanced Education. He has been very active in professional organizations, and is the elected Secretary (2017-18) of TESL Canada Federation, the national association of English language professionals and he provides leadership to this national body. He also chairs (2017-Present) TESL Canadian Educational Foundation, which raises and distributes funds to facilitate professional activities across the country.

From Left to Right: Shahid Abrar-ul-Hassan, Middlebury President Laurie Patton, David Zacks, and Maria dos Anjos Barros-Bailey

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After graduating from the Institute in 2008, Abrar-ul-Hassan accepted an offer to become an international faculty member at Sultan Qaboos University in Muscat, Oman, where he coordinated, designed, and taught academic English courses. At this university, he received the 2010 distinguished instructor award for excellence in research/teaching and the 2012 President’s certificate of appreciation for academic excellence."

IS SURGERY NOT A GOOD OPTION FOR YOUR SHOULDER? By Dr. Caleb Ng, ND

I regularly encounter patients who tell me they are not good candidates for shoulder surgery and need other options. These patients may have already tried other conservative approaches and have had partial or inadequate relief of pain. They may have tried acupuncture, physiotherapy and cortisone injections and on followup with an orthopedic surgeon, they find out surgery is not recommended due to age-related reasons, physical limitations required for rehabilitation or uncertain surgical benefit. The shoulder is a very versatile joint with its ball and socket articulation, but that also makes it very susceptible to injury. Although the ligaments of the shoulder keep the joint together, it is the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles that are affected resulting in impaired function and significant pain. People will notice that a shoulder can have trouble healing up after a fall and can even be affected by a sedentary lifestyle or age-related changes. There are a number of factors that can contribute to a delayed recovery. The most common cause is re-injury. We often take our everyday function for granted until we lose some basic abilities and even when we are instructed to rest, many people find themselves unable to make that commitment unless a bone is broken (even then, thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sometimes not enough!). Other factors could be smoking, diabetes, and age. In fact, on autopsy it was discovered that up to 80% of the very elderly had some form of rotator cuff rupture due to attrition and poor circulation!

A while ago I had an 86 year old patient with Parkinsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s disease that had experienced multiple falls resulting in moderate to severe tears of rotator cuff tendons in both shoulders. He had lost the ability to groom and dress himself and talked about his sore shoulders constantly. Because of his age he was not a surgical candidate and I was hesitant to attempt therapy due to the severity of the tendon ruptures. The patient and his family understood the severity of his rotator cuff tears, but wanted to proceed with autologous platelet-rich plasma injections. After 3 treatments in total, this patient was able to put on his own undershirt, comb his hair and brush his teeth. The complaints of shoulder pain diminished significantly, so the family knew that he had experienced benefit from the treatments even if we were unable to achieve complete resolution. Surgical repair of rotator cuff tears is often not indicated because the benefit is not clear. A 2010 systematic review of 137 studies showed that operative versus non-operative treatments for the rotator cuff tears did not demonstrate a clear benefit to surgical intervention. A possible explanation for that could be that even though a tear may be sewn back together, prolonged immobilization will be indicated which will lead to a certain amount of atrophy which can affect longterm recovery. With large tears, there may be a more clear benefit, but with medium to small tears non-surgical options should be considered first. METANOIA MAGAZINE

Another consideration for nonsurgical options for rotator cuff tears is that surgery affects normal shoulder mechanics. Another study of motion analysis of surgically repaired rotator cuff tears showed marked differences between the operated and non-operated shoulder in individuals. Although pain was relieved, normal function was significantly altered for in surgically repair shoulders, a difference that was noted for some time with some individuals. If you are not a good surgical candidate and have not had enough improvement in your shoulder, you may want to consider regenerative orthopedic injections. These injections can include vitamins, minerals, ozone, oxygen, autologous platelets, growth factors, stem cells and more recently, placental tissue matrix derived from umbilical cords and amniotic tissue. To learn more about these regenerative non-surgical options attend the next regenerative orthopedic medicine seminar at Mountainview Wellness Centre or visit www.mountainviewwellnesscentre.ca. Seida JC1, LeBlanc C. et al. Systematic Review: Non-operative and Operative Treatments For Rotator Cuff Tears. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Aug 17;153(4):246-55. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-153-4-201008170-00263. Epub 2010 Jul 5.

METANOIA MAGAZINE

ART THE ART OF

NICHOLAS BOTT By Hank Leis

What were the influences that resulted in you becoming in artist? I always wanted to be an artist, to work together and alongside my twin brother as artists. But when I was growing up, at that time in Holland there were no art schools, and you could only choose between working as a farmer or working in a garage. There werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t very many different opportunities to work other jobs in my area. The only thing to do after grade six, when we were about twelve or thirteen, was to become an orchard farmer. So I went into a one-year agriculture college. And then a technical school opened up, everything was beginning at that time, more opportunities were beginning to open up. The school offered three programs, training to become a mechanic, carpenter, or brick layer. For two years, I went there for carpentry lessons, then for the last year I went into the program for architecture. But then we immigrated. I was seventeen when we immigrated to Canada. Our family decided to immigrate because we had a large family with eight kids, including four brothers, and there was very little job prospects for us. My dad was a truck driver, but he didn't want his sons to become truck drivers, he had more ambition for us. He was very competitive. There was one guy from our village who had previously immigrated to Canada. So we had a contact in Smithers, BC. When my oldest brother turned nineteen, he had to join the army. Everyone in Holland had to serve in the army when they reached nineteen, my twin brother and I would have had to do the same when we reached nineteen as well. So when he turned nineteen, he decided to immigrate to Canada instead. My family knew that

Left: "First Snow at Tricouni Alpine" Top Right: "Baffin Island Icy Cove" Middle Right: "Impending Duskiness" Bottom Right: "Baffin Coast" METANOIA MAGAZINE

they could trust his opinion of Smithers, and whether it would be good idea for the whole family to move there. Right away he said, "Yeah, it's great here, you should come move here." So then we all immigrated in 1958. Yeah, so my influence about my art, my grandfather was an artist. And I remember him painting, though I was too young for him to really influence on me. But sometimes I went to a market and I saw an artist with his paintings, and I'd always stand there looking at his paintings. And I used to go to the museums. Just before I went to Canada, I went to a museum thinking that it was my last chance to see the museums of the Dutch masters. I went to the Rembrandt House Museum. So I was studying, standing before those big paintings when the curator came up to me. He said, "You're going to be a painter. I've never seen somebody study the technique. I've seen them watching the painting from a distance, but you are watching up close, analyzing every brush stroke." So it was already in me, I guess. We ended up in Smithers, Canada. And the only job available was lumber gaps. And I noticed there were lumbar trucks that would come by that didn't have a sign on them. So I asked them, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Can I paint the sign on it?â&#x20AC;? And I didn't know much about sign painting when I asked if I could do it, I had no idea and had never painted one. But I did it anyways. One time before, I had watched one guy painting signs and I thought, "Oh, this is the closest opportunity here to being an artist." So I took a correspondence course in sign painting. Now I have a diploma in that. And then I went to Prince Rupert, because Smithers was too small. I went first to Prince George, but that was a very rough town. I don't know if you've heard about Prince George in the early 60's but I didn't like it, it was kind of dangerous to me. Lots of people get drunk on the weekends, including in Prince Rupert as well. But anyway, I went to Prince Rupert, and I started sign painting. I called it Bott Signs, B-O-T-T. My Dutch name is actually Bot, but I chose Bott Signs, to put another T, for balance. I did sign painting for awhile. I also bought an outdoor advertising company, I made billboards. And then one day I went to Vancouver. At the time, I had done a little bit of painting, but not much. When I went to Vancouver, I walked by a one of the banks there and I saw little paintings in the window, by Robert Genn.

Right: "Unuk Glacier Sunrise"

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And I thought, "Wow, this is what I want to do. This is exactly what I want to do."

Left: An early oil painting by Nicholas Bott Right: "Athabasca River Spring Break-Up" Middle Right: Nicholas Bott during his Artic cruise in 2015 Bottom Right: "Inukten"

So I visited Robert Genn and I spent a couple hours there and that started me off. He inspired me. So then I started painting and then I made some small paintings. I went to Vancouver with small paintings then I went to a gallery and was waiting in line because there were more customers. METANOIA MAGAZINE

And then two gentlemen with suits on came up to me and asked me about the paintings I had with me. They were art dealers from Toronto, and they bought my two paintings. A couple weeks later, I happened to be in Toronto for an event, and so at night, I walked around looking for that gallery. It was called Parnell Galleries on Hazelton street, and when I found the gallery and I looked in the window, there

was my painting. It was incredible seeing my painting with my signature handing on the wall, and I was amazed. Actually I think my painting was one of the better ones, so I really liked that.

bad because I wanted to know what price they were charging for that painting.

But I was just so busy, on the evening I had found the gallery and my paintings, the next day I already had to go. I didn't have a chance to go in the gallery, which was too

No, I never did find out. That gallery closed, not long far after I tried to visit it. It was gone, which is too bad because it would have been nice to have found out

Did you ever find out how much they sold for?

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how much my art was valued at. I think I sold it for $45.00 at that time, for a 8x10" painting. After that, I gradually started to look into painting more. I went to the Vancouver Art School, to enroll in classes. And I said, "Before I sign up, can I just have a look at the course room?" So I spent about one hour in the course room observing a class.

Left: "Quernbiter Fiord" Right (From top to bottom): Cover of Woody Woomansey's CD U-Boat, created by Nicholas Bott "Old French Countryside" "Chilcotin Church" "The Great Canadian Artic" Nicholas Bott Ravensberger Art Puzzle, "Cathedral Mountain"

And I realized I didn't want to be here. It was not what I want to be spending my time doing. Plus it was four years, and the first year was art history. I didn't care about art history, about learning information like how many wives Picasso had and all of that. I decided instead to learn from experience. I chose to copy a Group of Seven painting ten times, because then I would know how the painting was made, how to use the techniques incorporated

in the painting. After two times, I already got to see that because of my sign painting, that color and composition was very easy for me. So right away when I went back to Vancouver, I went to the first Danielâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s art gallery, then I got ahold of Alexander Harrison of Harrison Galleries. And they accepted my art right away, I did one big painting for them. I dropped Alex off there, and then I was going to go back right away, but I forgot something. So an hour later I went back to the gallery and the painting

had already been sold. It was good for me, and for the gallery. So I was on my way to succeed as an artist. At what point did you decide that this was going to be your livelihood, or that this was good enough to support you? When I was still doing signs and painting on the side. And I still painted houses with my brother in Smithers.

Harrison had phoned me up and said, "Quit sign painting and house painting, just keep on your work." So I agreed, because he could sell them. It was slow at the beginning, when I had to build up my name. But from that point on, 1982 onwards, painting became my full time job. And you live down here on the mainland. Yeah, I live in New Westminster currently, though we're going to move to Langley early next year. Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re moving because I would have to pay double the price for the same studio size if I wanted stay in New Westminster, rather than move to Langley. I'd also like White Rock, but to find a place with a view in a big space, they're very expensive. Now that you've recovered from your health issues, are you going to change any of your styles or try to continue what you're doing? In the 70's and 80's, and 90's I was really influenced by Van Gogh and his techniques. I got a bigger brush and have started using wider brush strokes because I want to go back to that Van Gogh style again. Paintings end up seeming more freer when you do that style, because you as an artist are very free to experiment. You don't copy nature. The skies could be pink, or you can make it pink to match with the green. I like that impressionistic technique. And that's what you're going to focus on next? Yeah, when I went to the Artic two years ago, I wrote about how I really liked the big open spaces in my notes. It was very different from what I'd seen, there were no trees. And I had read what Loren Harris had to say about the Artic, and I agreed with everything he had to say about it. He was very spiritual outlook of nature, such as how he viewed the frozen ice of an iceberg. He saw it as frozen ice becoming life giving water. He had all those theories. I really liked that. Well, I guess that gives me an idea of where you're going. How many galleries do you have your art in? In Victoria, my art is in Madrona galleries. They're doing really well, my last art show a couple of months ago was a total sell out. As well, my art is in Mountain Galleries, they've got three locations, in the Banff, Jasper, and Whistler Fairmont hotels.

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PANACHE, POLITICS AND PARTIES: VOLUNTEER APPRECIATION CELEBRATION Metanoia Magazine at the Volunteer Appreciation Celebration, hosted by the Mayor and City Council of the City of Surrey. The event took place at the Civic Ballroom.

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RANT RANT BY HANK LEIS

I want to warn you. Reading this Rant will be life changing – so the question you have to ask yourself is, “Do I want to change my life?” If not, stop right now and put this magazine aside, get rid of it, shred it, especially don’t let old people (it is far too late for them) or children, read it. But if you are reading this sentence, you have just decided to go into the twilight zone, the life beyond this universe. You are either a warrior with boundless courage or a half wit who has risked everything for no other reason than that you think you have nothing to lose. As with all newly acquired wisdom the authenticity of the author provides credibility as to the relevance of the revelation. And as with all things bright – your eyes must need be protected – so avert looking directly into the light. All will be explained through innuendo. I begin with my own authority. I have lived a long time. That should be enough – but I give you more. From the day I was born, I began my quest – which was to discover the meaning to life. Even in those early moments after birth, the images that formed from those hazy forms – began to coalesce into meaningful shapes, as moments began to have purpose and I

began to participate and contribute in the way I could and would know how. Purpose was about survival first, then subject to further interpretations. And so the great minds of the world became the subjects of my interest; the Greek philosophers, the scientists, religious figures, the atheists, the artists, psychologists. I consumed books with a voracious appetite. There was always more I wanted to know. Within me I felt I needed to know something – and that what I needed was something from within that I already knew, but could not articulate – neither to myself nor those I wanted to share with. I have interviewed thousands of rich and famous, profound and stupid, talented and incompetent, beautiful and ugly individuals - and always they are disappointing – because the final definitive explanation of, “What’s it all about,” I find lacking. Saturday morning as I sat in my robe, in my living room enjoying breakfast with my wife, with the television on mute, my attention was caught by flashes of colourful images on TV. I asked my wife to unmute, and lo and behold began an experience that would change me forever. What I saw was messages of import, that individually

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described the meaning to life. My brain was in information overload as I was inundated by messages. No politician, university professor, researcher had ever provided me with such clarity as this “movie documentary.” I was overwhelmed – but I wanted more. Even “more” was inadequate – but I was transfixed to my television. And then it was over – but not quite – even as it ended – I was profoundly moved – and I was overcome by exhaustion – there was no end – the onslaught just continued. I recommend this movie to those who dare. It profoundly explains the past, the present and things to come. Scholars will be studying and discussing this phenomenal masterpiece for generations and the world will change because of it. And now the revelation you have been waiting for. The movie is called Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping. Watch it and be impressed.

Hank Leis is author of The Leadership Phenomenon: A Multidimensional Model

PANACHE, POLITICS AND PARTIES Metanoia Magazine at the 6th Annual Vancouver International Chinese Cultural Film Festival Maple Leaf Award Ceremony held in the Michael J. Fox theater on July 21, 2018. The festival ran from July 15 - July 21, 2018.

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MISSIVES

HE HAS A COMPARATIVE AND ABSOLUTE DISADVANTAGE AT ECONOMICS “I can only assume that Morici doesn’t actually know the first thing about economics, because if he did he would be too embarrassed to write and say what he writes and says."

Donald J. Boudreaux Professor of Economics and Martha and Nelson Getchell Chair for the Study of Free Market Capitalism at the Mercatus Center George Mason University Fairfax, VA 22030

Editor, Washington Times: Peter Morici does your readers a grave disservice by grossly misrepresenting the principle of comparative advantage (“Facing the facts about trade and immigration,” July 4). Contrary to Mr. Morici’s assertions, the successful operation in reality of the principle of comparative advantage does not require “balanced trade and full employment.” It does not require that “workers displaced by imports … move to where the new jobs are.” It does not “assume” that “all countries and businesses are equally endowed with technology.” Not even close. The principle of comparative advantage is but the recognition that if the amount by which (say) American steel production falls if Americans produce an additional ton of lumber is less than is the amount by which Chinese steel production falls if the Chinese produce an additional ton of lumber, then METANOIA MAGAZINE

Americans can produce lumber at a lower cost than can the Chinese and the Chinese can produce steel at a lower cost than can Americans. Americans in this example have a comparative advantage over the Chinese at producing lumber and the Chinese have a comparative advantage over Americans at producing steel. Thus it pays the people of both countries to specialize according to their comparative advantages and trade with each other. The Chinese and the Americans will both become richer by specializing and trading in this way. The principle of comparative advantage is simply applied arithmetic. And therefore the likes of full employment and equal endowments of technology are no more required for this principle to explain why in reality countries can gain by trading with each other than the likes of full employment and equal endowments of technology are required to explain why in reality 2+2 equals 4.

CONTINUING FROM THE LAST METANOIA

A BOOK BY A CANADIAN RCMP AND A CSIS OFFICER

WHAT A RIDE By Len N. Giles

Leonard N. Giles joined the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) in 1960. When the Canadian Security Intelligence Service was proclaimed in 1984, he crossed over after twenty years in counterespionage. In his career, Giles had assignments in the United States, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, India, Macau and the Philippines, retiring in 1991.

Memories By the spring of 1963, I had settled into life in Salmon Arm and was enjoying the work and the environment very much. Once I had come to know the community and the people who lived there, I realized it was a place where I could stay indefinitely. There was a Native reserve just north of town on the west side of Shuswap Lake and I soon came to know a number of the residents there who unfortunately had drinking problems and would end up coming into contact with the police due to them getting themselves into various states of intoxication. For the most part, they were not a significant problem and I never encountered any who were violent when under the influence. In most cases, they were injuring themselves or just causing a general nuisance which just required a little patience and understanding on our part. While we were required to incarcerate some for various minor offences, there were times when we would drive them out to the reserve to ensure they got home safely. I had never worked with Natives before nor had I been on or near a reserve

so policing there was a new experience. For me, the interaction brought back memories from my childhood experiences at Pigeon Lake, Alberta. One summer when I was about ten or eleven, my Mother, Sister and I spent a good portion of the summer holiday at my Grandparent’s cottage at the lake. My Father would come out on Saturday evening after closing his grocery store and return to Edmonton Sunday night. It was one of those wonderful summers of nothing but sunshine, playing at the lake, and going to bed dead-tired and sleeping like a log. That summer, I met Emil, a Native who lived on a nearby reserve. At least it was close enough for him to come to the cottage regularly that summer. My Grandmother did not like him, or his horse, around the property. She was a very stubborn woman, of old English stock that saw everything her way, steeped in religion, peppered with hypocrisy. I am sure Emil felt her underlying dislike for his presence, particularly as I was not allowed to bring him into the cottage. At the same METANOIA MAGAZINE

time, he was faced with the same problem. He told me I could not come to the reserve and I really never understood why. On one occasion he did speak of a Sun Dance ceremony which only served to instill some mystery in my mind as to what it would be like on the reserve. Emil and I were both about the same age, same size, and welltanned and to look at us by the end of the summer, we could likely have passed as relatives. Emil had a horse and I had a bicycle; that was the magic that made our summer and friendship so special. Emil taught me to ride bareback while I taught him to ride my bicycle. It was, to us, an exchange made in heaven. We became firm friends that summer, seeing each other daily and spending many hours together, often exchanging horse for bicycle. For me, riding bareback, with nothing more than a halter and a rope was exciting as was riding my bicycle, for Emil. As I had a small amount of pocket money from my first “job” selling Liberty Magazine, which was sometimes supplemented by a quarter from my Grandmother, we were able to stop a number of times for French fries sprinkled with vinegar and salt. Just the aroma, from half a block away was worth the price. We would share one order and they were the best fries ever from a small, very popular hamburger and fish and chip shop near the central part of the beach front community of Ma-me-o. Emil and I enjoyed every bite as we laughed, told stories and considered what to do next. On one occasion, I was riding bareback behind Emil on the hardened sandy roadway that ran the length of Ma-me-o Beach. As we approached––from the rear–– five or six adults walking, we were faced with the problem of how to get around them as they were strung out abreast across the entire narrow roadway. With the sound of the hoofs, two or three of the adults turned around and reluctantly parted to allow us to pass, at a walking pace. As we did so, I heard one of the women say, “Oh, those damn Indians.” At the time, at my age, I know I did not know of or understand the concept of discrimination. I do recall, in my child’s mind, thinking I was not an “Indian” but I also recall I felt some anger, because Emil, an Indian, was my friend. That incident has always stuck clearly in my mind and as I grew older, I came to realize it was my first exposure to discrimination. To be continued in the next issue of Metanoia Magazine

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We drove north along Guatanamo Bay and out to the coast past many Cuban army bases. They completely surround the U.S. Guatanamo base. A dirt road took us up a hill, from where we could see the whole of Guatanamo Bay, including the US section, which includes only a narrow strip on each side of the mouth of the bay. US soldiers are not allowed into the city - it must make for a pretty boring posting. Back at the hotel I tried our internet cards, but they were rejected. It seems we got wrong information - only cards purchased in the hotel would work in the hotel, and as with the hotel at Pilon, the hotel had no cards to sell. This is apparently normal, so hotel computers sit unused.

TRAVEL

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The fellow from our home stay helped me find where we had the car parked, and then we headed north along the coast road. We gave a lady & her daughter a ride and she was able to give us all sorts of information. We passed a place with dinosaurs and other prehistoric sculptures, plus a couple of resorts. Most resorts along the coast were destroyed by Hurricane Sandy. After dropping off our passengers we continued to a place reputed to have dolphins, but to see them required hiring a boat and hoping they might be there so we didn't. They also had crocodiles and flamingos, but we were the only people there other than staff. A short distance later we came to an army checkpoint. Several people had said that as long as we have documents and are headed to Guatanamo they will let us through, but the very unfriendly soldier who didn't look old enough to be out of school said there was no way. In the end we had no option but to drive back to Santiago and take an inland highway. We later found out that the locals are permitted to use the route, but not foreigners. We took a side trip to see what was supposed to be a spectacular rock on top of a mountain. We twisted and turned up the 12 km road, gaining 1,224 meters in altitude in the process. It turned out that to get to the big rock there was a climb of 454 steps, so we passed on that, had lunch and drove back to Santiago to find the highway to Guatanamo. The City of Guatanamo was a surprise. We walked around the large, clean, historic town with a pleasant plaza after finding the first hotel that had a room. We also bought internet cards (2 hrs $12) from the communications company in the hope this may get out tonight. METANOIA MAGAZINE

We drove to the office where we purchased the cards, and it was confirmed that cards can only be used in the specific office where they are purchased - contrary to what I was told when we bought them. There were a few minutes before the office closed, so I logged on only to find the system completely controlled. No Gmail, Google, no access to flash drives - only very controlled portions of the 'C' drive. There were 6 program options which did not include any form of text or search program, making it useless to us. We got $6 back on an unused card and I gave the one I tried to use to the guard. There will be no email this trip! There was a fiesta in town, with about 6 blocks of food stalls set up on the streets. Four of them were roasting full sized pigs over hot coals. A couple of stalls had beautiful table arrangements in roped off areas, so we sat down at one. Promptly once we sat down, the wine glasses, cutlery, plates, and other tableware were removed from our table. We were told it was prohibited to use anything there, from the napkins to the plates - it was just for show. Only eating with hands was permitted. We waited a long time for pork to come to our bare table, but we were ignored while a street lineup was served, so we eventually left pigless to drink in one of the bars. There are people bumming in all the Cuban cities we've been in, and some bars let them in. Few people make much money, and many make none in this "Worker's Paradise." I'd really like some of those who work hard for a socialist system in other countries to take this trip so they could see one of the last socialist paradises in action (There are lots of billboards and signs reminding people they live in a socialist paradise). Many people who are bumming are not asking for money, most asked for hand soap or pencils.

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