Plastic Water Bottles
Paolo Agostinelli
Why plastic? • Cheap • Flexible • Durable • Transparent • Lightweight • Chemical resistant*
http://urbancanteen.com/blog/
* Not 100% true
Type of plastics • The bottle is made of PET • The cap is made of PP
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plastic_Bottle_Cap.JPG
PET • Polyethylene terephthalate • Thermoplastic polymer • Naturally colorless with high transparency • Can be recycled • Might yield endocrine disruptors
* http://ehp03.niehs.nih.gov/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1289%2Fehp.0901253
PP • Polypropylene • Thermoplastic polymer • Opaque • Caps are produced by injection molding • Can be recycled • Chemicals can leech from plasticware*
* http://www.physorg.com/news145545554.html
Cap production • fed into a heated barrel • mixed • forced into a mold cavity • it cools and hardens
* http://ehp03.niehs.nih.gov/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1289%2Fehp.0901253
Bottle production • Usually a two steps method • The preform is formed using a injection molding machine • The preform is inflated into final shape using a stretch blow molding machine • http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=xEgpS9HJhos
* http://ehp03.niehs.nih.gov/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1289%2Fehp.0901253
Why plastic? • Reduced amount of raw materials • Less energy to transport • a smaller carbon footprint to produce compared to metal and glass bottles • Less packaging for protection
http://urbancanteen.com/blog/
A comparison • Plastic water bottle • Klean Kanteen Stainless Steel Bottle • Glass Soda Bottle
Plastic Water Bottle EMBODIED ENERGY Plastic 55g
5,504,950
Transportation 13,904 km
191,184
Disposal (Landfill)
4,950
Total
5,504,950 J
Watts
65,927 W
Source: http://www.wattzon.com
Soda Bottle EMBODIED ENERGY Glass 305 g
6,710,000
Steel 1 g
43,700
Manufacturing
1,037,500
Transportation 13,904 km
1,063,679
Disposal (Landfill)
27,540
Total
7.818.740 J
Watts
102.806 W
Source: http://www.wattzon.com
Klean Kanteen EMBODIED ENERGY Stainless Steel 227 g
9,911,160
PP 20g
2,100,000
Manufacturing
78,642,500
Transportation 13,904 km
857,895
Disposal (Landfill)
22,212
Total
90,675,872 J
Watts
2,901 W
Source: http://www.wattzon.com
The Business • Bottle production account for 30% of production • 13% of plastic bottles are actually recycled • 1500 every second • 38 billion water bottles a year in excess of $1 billion worth of plastic.
* http://ehp03.niehs.nih.gov/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1289%2Fehp.0901253
The Business • in 2009 consumption of bottled water for 100$ billion • 1.5 million barrels of oil to produce • Bottled water costs up to 1000 times than tap water • Bottled-water business is half the size of the carbonated beverage industry
Ethos Water
On the water business • The Story of Bottled Water • Tapped the Movie
Recycling • PET bottle collection and waste separation—waste logistics • Production of clean bottle flakes—flake production • Conversion of PET flakes to final products—flake processing • http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=zyF9MxlcItw
www.sodis.ch
Solar Water Disinfection
www.odditycentral.com
PET 15
Polli-Brick