POR TFO L I O MIAO MIAO CHU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE APPLICATION
RESUME
CONTENT
EDUCATION China Academy of Art, 2010-2013 Bachelor of Arts Degree
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE RIA International Research Institute of Architecture, 2013 Architecture Internship
1 FLOWERS Design of the Primary School, 2013
01-10
2 SHIKUMEN MUSEUM
AWARDS
Design of the Museum, 2012 PROFESSIONAL China Academy of Art Graduation Creation and Lin Fengmian Creation Award Silver Prize, 2014 (Project: Wander Away, Graduation design) “Young Designer Award” Model and Hand-Drawing Expression Group Silver Award, 2013 (Project: Flowers, Primary School Design) “Young Designer Award” Architectural Space Concept Design Group Bronze Award, 2013 (Project: Flowers, Primary School Design) “Young Designer Award” Architectural Space Concept Design Group Excellence Award, 2013 (Project: Urban Roost, Gym center design) ACADEMIC China Academy of Art Class of 2014 Excellent Graduate Recognition, awarded by China Academy of Art, 2014 Zhejiang Province Regular Institutions of Higher Education Excellent Graduate Recognition, awarded by Zhejian Department of Education, 2014 Secondary Scholarship and Tri-Merit Student, China Academy of Art, 2012-2013 Primary Scholarship and Tri-Merit Student, China Academy of Art, 2011-2012 Primary Scholarship and Tri-Merit Student, China Academy of Art, 2010-2011
RECONGNITION
3 URBAN ROOST Design of the Gym Center, 2013
19-28
4 RAINBOW CAKE Design of the Campus Domitory, 2012
29-36
5 WANDER AWAY Design of the Welfare Center, 2014
37-48
OTHER WORKS Freehand Drawing and digital photography
Flowers, Primary School Design Published on "Yearbook of Chinese Environment Art Design 2013" [J], 10/2014, ISBN 978-7-302-38091-7 Graduation Design Published on "2014 China Academy of Art Shanghai Institute of Design Excellent Graduation Creation Collection" Exhibited in the 12th National Aesthetics Exhibition held in Xi’an
11-18
49-50
1 FLOWERS DESIGN OF ZHUJIAJIAO PRIMARY SCHOOL PROJECT LOCATION: ZHUJIAJIAO/ SHANGHAI/ CHINA PROGRAM: 54,523 ㎡ TEACHING BUILDING/ ADINISTRATIVE BUILDING/
LIBRARY/REFECTORY/ STADIUM/ ODEUM
COLLABORATORS:
CHU MIAO MIAO(LEADER): DESIGN CONCEPT, LANDSCAPE DESIGN, CLASSROOM BUILDING DESIGN, MANUAL MODEL, RENDERING. TANG KE: LANDSCAPE DESIGN, CAD DRAWING, ADINISTRATIVE BUILDING DESIGN, MANUAL MODEL CHEN YI RAN: ODEUM DESIGN, CAD DRAWING, MANUAL MODEL LIAO YUAN: STADIUM DESIGN, MANUAL MODEL, VIDEO XU SHIYA: LIBRARY DESIGN, MANUAL MODEL, CAD DRAWING, RENDERING TUTOR: DOC. TU MINGCHIU
THIS PROJECT IS TO BUILD A PRIMARY SCHOOL WITH SEVERAL SOCIAL FUNCTION PLACE. THE SCHOOL IS PRIVACY, WHILE THE STADIUM AND ODEUM IS ALSO OPEN TO PUBLIC AT SOME PARTICULAR DAYS. THE IDEA IS TO SEEK A NEW FORM OF TEACHING SPACE, TO MAKE A MORE NATURAL AND INTEACTIVE SCHOOL. THUS, WE CHANGE THE TRADITIONAL CUBE TEACHING BUILDING TO A FLOWER-LIKE TEACHING UN IT, WITH A OPEN SPACE COURTYAR IN THE CENTER, TO INCREASE THE INTIMACY INSIDE. THE SCHOOL IS WELL DESIGNED TO BEST USE NATURAL SURRENDINGS, WE LET THE LAKE FLOATING INTO THE SITE, FLOWER BUILDINGS RANDOM DOT INSIDE. IT'S A WILD PLACE FOR CHILDREN, FULL OF ADVENTURE. IN ADDITION, ALL THE BUILDINGS WOULD BUILT IN A TRADITIONAL ZHUJIAJIAO STYLE TO MAKE IT FIT THE CULTURE HERE.
01
02
IC T DI ST R A VI LL VILLA
SETTING TYPE
FEATURE
VILLA DISTRICT
DEVELOPED IN 2003, A NEW BORN DISTRICT WITH WEALTHY PEOPLE LIVING IN. ALMOST 3/4 OWNER HAVE LIVES THERE ALREADY. MINIMALIST AND MODERN CHINESE STYLE DESIGN.
FACTORYS
THE INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS USED TO BE CLOTH FACTORY WITCH IS NOW ABANDONED AND EMPTY.
ACIENT TOWN
ANCIENT TOWN BUT IS WELL PRESERVED AND DEVELOPED, KNOWN FOR IT'S UNIQUE TRADITIONAL CHINESE BUILDINGS AND BEAUTIFUL SCENE. THIS PLACE IS NOW A FAMOUS SCENIC ZONE WITH PROSPEROUS BUSINESS.
ZHUJIAJIAO CULTURE MUSEUM
A NEW BUT TIPICAL EXAMPLE THAT BUILDING STRENTEN LOCAL TRADITIONAL CULTURE WITCH MIXED BOTH TRADITIONAL ELEMENTS AND MODERN DESIGN.
DIST
THRONG
ACTIVITIES
OUTSIDE SPACE
INNER SPACE
RICT
YS OR CT FA
N
W TO NT
IE AC
ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ZHUJIAJIAO CULTURE MUSEUM
LAND
STREAM
GRASS FLOWERS INSECTS
FISH GRASS
OBSERVATION TERRACE
OBSERVATION PATH
OBSERVATION ROOM
OBSERVATION COURTYARD
WETLAND
LAKE
YARD
WATER PLANTS WATER CREATURES
WATER PLANTS WATER CREATURES
TREES PLANTS
AIR
WETLAND CREATURES
20M
WOODS AND SHRUBS
ECOSYSTEMS
SITE ANALYSIS THE IDEA IS TO BUILD A NATURAL AND ORGANIC PRIMARY SCHOOL TO PROTECT CHILDREN FROM THE NOISE AND ANXIOUS ATMOSPHERE OF THE MODERN CITY, TO BRING CHILD BACK TO NATURE. WE TAKE THE NEARBY CHINESE ANCIENT TOWN AS THE LEARNING MODEL, DO A LOT OF REACH TO FUSE IT INTO OUR DESIGN TO INHERIT AND DEVELOP TRADITIONAL CULTURE.
6M
LAND -1M
WATER
03
ZHUJIAJIAO IS A BEAUTIFUL PLACE LOCATED IN THE NORTH OF SHANGHAI. THIS TOWN IS KONOW FOR ITS UNIQUE NATURAL ENVORONMENT AND CONVENIENT WATERWAY TRANSPORTATION IN HISTORY. AS THE TREMANDOUS DEVELOPMENT OF SHANGHAI, THERE ARE SO MANY WASTE FACTORIES IN THE SUBURBS. THIS SITE IS IN SUCH AN OLD FACTORY. THIS PROJECT IS FOCUS ON THE DELIVERY OF GREEN SPIRIT. THE SITE IS NEAR DADIAN LAKE WICH HAS A SPECIAL AND WONDERFUL ECOSYSTEM WITH PKENTY BIOLOGICAL DIVERSTY. WE TAKE ALL THE NATURA FACTORS INTO CONSIDERATION TO DESIGN TO FIT THIS SITE.
-6M
LAND
STREAM SIDE
LAKE
LAND
04
SPECIFICATION
01 GRADE ONE 02 GRADE TWO 03 GRADE THREE 04 GRADE FOUR 05 GRADE FIVE 06 GRADE SIX 07 COMPLEX BLOCK 08 ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCK 09 LIBRARY 10 FUNCTIONAL THEATER 11 STADIUM 12 RESTAURANT & SHOPS
PLANNING AREA: 54,523 ㎡ TOTAL FLOOR AREA: 17,390 ㎡ FLOOR AREA RATIO: 0.13
GREEN RATE: 43.7% BUILDING DENSITY: 21.4% PARKING: 53
12
11
09
02 01 04 03
07
06
10
N
08 05
MASTER PLAN VIEW THE WHOLE BLOCKS ARE WEAVED BY TEH RIVER, EACH FUNCTIONAL AREA DOTTED LOCATE THE RIVERSIDE, THE BUILDING UNITS JUST LIKE FLOWERS FLOATING ABOVE THE RIVER. WE FITTED THE MANUAL MODEL WITH SOME LIFHTS INSIDE TO FIND OUT THE PRIMATY SCHOL LOOKS LIKE AT NIGHT. THE UPPER PHOTOGRAPH SHOWS THE TRANQUIL SCENE THE SCHOOL SITTING ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF CITY.
05
06
FORM AND SPACE
ORGANIC CUT
YARD
ROOM DEVIDE
CORRIDOR
SECOND FLOOR
PUBLIC ROOM
TERRACE
LIGHTING
WHEN DESIGN THE TEACHING BUILDING, WE TAKE SEVERAL FACTORS INTO CONSIDERATION, HOPE THIS SCHOOL HAVE A INVITING GESTURE TO INVOLVE EVERY CHILD IN SCHOOL HAPPY LIFE, STUDENT-TEACHER INTERACTION, THE LIMITATION OF THE LONG STRIP SITE, CHILDREN OF THE SAME GRADE HAVE MORE RELATIVE ACTIVITIES, WE FINALLY FORM A FLOWER-LIKE UNIT, WITH AN OPEN COURTYARD IN THE CENTER TO MAKE AN INTERACTIVE SPACE.
CLASSROOM
TOILET&LADDER CLASSROOM
THERE ARE CHANNELS BETWEEN EACH CLASSROOM, SOME TOWARD DADIAN LAKE, SOME FACING THE LAWM, SOME OPPOSITE OTHER BUILDINGS. EVERY DIRECTION SHOW DIFFERENT SCENERY. CONVERGED FORM, THE ENTIRE SCHOOL BUILDING TURNED INTO AN OPEN SPACE, FOR EACH CHANNEL IS DEFINED UP TO CHILDREN.
WINDOWS
ROOF
OUTDOOR TERRACE
FACADE
IN ADDITION, WE ALSO MADE A HALF-HANGING SECOND FLOOR THERMPCLINE SPACE, PROVIDING TEACHERS A SHORT STAY AFTER CLASS.
WE WANT TO CHANGE TRADITIONAL RECTANGULAR CLASSROOM, REDEFINE IT TO A NEW SPACE WITH INTERESTNESS AND PROTECTION. SO WE DO THE CLASSROOM WITH IRREGULAR POLYGONSAND. TO FIND THE BEST ORIENTATION BY CHANGING THE ORIENTATION FLEXIBLY, AND BETTER MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF LIGHTING AND VENTILATION FRAMING.
PENTAGON CLASSROOM 1
07
PENTAGON CLASSROOM 2
FIVE ROOMS COLLECTION
PENTAGON LECTURE THEATER
TOILET
COURTYARD
08
CLASSROOM PROTOTYPE WHEN DESIGN THE TEACHING BUILDING, WE TAKE SEVERAL FACTORS INTO CONSIDERATION, HOPE THIS SCHOOL HAVE A INVITING GESTURE TO INVOLVE EVERY CHILD IN SCHOOL HAPPY LIFE, STUDENT-TEACHER INTERACTION, THE LIMITATION OF THE LONG STRIP SITE, CHILDREN OF THE SAME GRADE HAVE MORE RELATIVE ACTIVITIES, WE FINALLY FORM A FLOWER-LIKE UNIT TO MAKE AN INTERACTIVE SPACE.
SOLAR ROOF
BACKDOOR PLATFORM
THE IRREGULAR POLYGONSAND CLASSROOM MAKE TEACHING ACTIVITY MORE FLEXIBLE AND FREE HERE. ACCORDING EACH CLASS AND TEACHER'S NEED, DESKS AND CHAIRS CAN BE PUT RANDOM, IN DIFFERENT FORM. THE HALF-HANGING SECOND FLOOR THERMPCLINE SPACE SERVE AN IMPORTANT ROLE, PROVIDING TEACHERS A SHORT STAY AFTER CLASS, BOTH TO HELP CHILDREN SOLVE QUESTIONS LEFT IN CLASS AND INCREASING THE DEGREE OF INTIMACY BETWEEN TEACHERS AND STUDENTS. IT WILL ALSO TAKE WELL CARE OF AND PROTECT CHILDREN IN OR OUT CLASSROOM. IN ADDITION, THE ATTIC SPACE UNDER THE STAIRS ARE STORAGE SPACE. EVERY CLASSROOM HAVE SEVERAL SPECIAL DESIGNED WINDOWS, THROUGH EACH OF THEM, CHILDREN CAN HAVE DIFFERENT SIGHT TO VIEW OUTSIDE WORLD, THE WINDOW IS ALSO ENERGY SAVING.
WINDOWS
SCENERY PLATFORM
EACH CLASSROOM IS WARM INTERIOR WOOD COLOR, TO BRING THE CHILDREN A WARM AND INTIMATE FEELING, THE RELATIVELY SOFT MATERIAL ALSO PROTECT CHILDREN.
WALK TO THE GRASS
09
GLASS WALL TO YARD
10
2 SHIKUMEN MUSEUM URBAN RENEWAL PROJECT LOCATION: HONG KOU/ SHANGHAI/ CHINA PROGRAM:MUSEUM FOR EXBITION, READING, AND RESEARCH. COLLABORATORS:
CHU MIAO MIAO(LEADER): DESIGN CONCEPT, FORM DESIGN, MANUAL MODEL, RENDERING TANG KE: DIGITAL MODEL(MAIN), CAD DRAWING JIN DANYAN: CAD DRAWING, MANUAL MODEL
TUTOR: MS. WU WEI THIS PROJECT IS TO REDESIGN AN OLD BUILDING TO M A K E A G O O D P R E S E R VAT I O N O F H I S TO R I C INFORMATION CARRIED BY SHIKUMEN HISTORY. THE NEW ARCHITECTURE'S FUNCTION IS TO PRESERVE HISTORIC SHIKYMNE ARCHITECTURE MATERIALS FOR EXBITION, READING AND RESEARCH. THE IDEA OF THIS DESIGN IS TO INHERIT SHIKUMEN CULTURE, TO STORAGE OR BRING BACK OLD MEMORIES, USING AN ACTIVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM. BESIDES CULTURE INHERITANCE, INTEGRATION AND INTERACTION IS THE THEME OF THIS DESIGN. THERE ARE 3 MAIN FACTORS IN THIS DESIGN, FIRST, A LONG SLOPING RAMP FOR WANDERING AND EXIBITION, SECOND, OLD SHIKUMEN DOOR COURTYARD, THE AXIS IN THE CENTER OF THIS BUILDING. ALL OF THESE ARE DESIGNED TO EMPASIZE THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN IN AND OUT SIDE SPACE.
11
12
路 宝安
QU QIUBAI Former residence
SHAN YING
LU XUN Formar residence
CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM
ROAD
EACH OLD BUILDING IS A WITNESS OF HISTORY, WHICH WORTH OUR RESPECT. IN THIS PROGRAM, WE SHOW OUR BEST RESPECT TO OLD SHIKUMEN CULTURE. WE HOPE THIS SHIKUMEN MUSEUM CAN RESTORE THE UNIQUE LOCAL LIFE STYLE BY RETAUNING SHIKUMEN'S OLD DOORS, WALLS, ROOFS AND OTHER ELEMENTS. BESIDES CULTURE INHERITANCE, INTEGRATION AND INTERACTION IS THE THEME OF THIS DESIGN.
JI XIANG ROAD
= ?
+ ACTIVITY PATTERN
SHIKUMEN (A KIND OF STONE DOOR)
RED BRICK WALL
PLANTS
ALLEYS
SITE MUSEUM
INTERACTION
INTERGRATE
SI UA
CH ENTRANCE
YARD
AD
RO
CHANG SHAN ROAD
TH
OR
NN
SLOPE
GUAN ZILAN Former residence
13
SHIKUMEN TYPOLOGY
SITE ANALYSIS
SHIKUMEN IS THE MOST DISTINGCTIVE RESIDENTIAL IN OLD SHANGHAI, ARISED IN THE 1870S, IT WAS BORN FROM A JIANGNANRESIDENTIAL FORM. IT GOT IT'S NAME BECAUSE IT'S UNIQUE FRONT DOOR AS WELL AS A BLACK DOOR. THE FRONT FACADE CONSISTS OF COURTYARD WALL AND WING GABLE, IN THE MIDDLE OF THE FRONT FACADE IS THE DOOR "SHIKUMEN". THE DOORFRAME IS MADE OF STONE WITH BLACK PAINT THICK DOOR. NOW MODERN STREET CULTURE ATTRACTS MORE AND MORE ATTENTION. IN ORDER TO INHERIT AND CARRY FORWARD THE SHIKUMEN CULTURE, NUMEROUS CONSERVATION AND RENOVATION PROJECT HAS BEEN IMPLEMENT.
THE SITE IS LOCATED IN HENGFENGLI, SHANYIN ROAD HONGKOU DISTRICT, SHANGHAI. SHIKUMEN CLOSE TO SHANYIN ROAD IN THE WEST, QUAINT AND BUSTLING MARKETPLACE ATMOSPHERE IS ITS GREATEST FEATURE OF THE SITE. MAINLY AROUND THE SITE IS HIKUMEN NEIGHBORHOOD, THERE ARE ALSO SOME FORMER RESIDENCES OF CELEBRITIES AND OTHER CULTURAL SITES.
THROUGH A LONG SLOPING RAMP IN ORDER TO REMIND PEOPLE THE FEELING OF OLD SHIKUMEN'S UNIQUE SCENE, "A FLASH LINE OF SKY" INSIDE THE BUILDING. DURING THE BOTTOM-UP PROCESS, EVERY STEP CAN PEOPLE EXPERIENCE A DEFFERENT SCENERY. START WITH THE SIMPLE RED VRICK WALL, THEN YOU WILL SEE PEOPLE'S DRAMATICALY LIVING ACTIVITIES IN THE ALLEY, IN ADDITION, ONE CAN ALSO SEE THE NEIGHBOUR'S BEAUTIFUL COURTYARD, FUNALLY, THE SKY BETWEEN THE ROOF WILL GRADUALLY EXPOSED TO IN FRONT OF OUR EYES.
PEOPLE WALK THROUGH A SMALL COURTYARD OF THE BUILDING AND BEGIN THEIR VISIT. THE YARD ILLUMINATES THE ENTRANCE AND ALSO LINKS THREE DIFFERENT PART(ALLEY, STREET AND MUSEUM). THE TERRANCE ON THE SECOND FLOOR STRENCH OUT OF THE BUILDING, INTO THE COURTYARD. THERE IS A HUGE WINDOW OF THE ENTRANCE STAIRS. WITH THESE DESIGN, WE INTEND TO INCREASE THE STREETS, ALLEYS AND ARCHITECTURAL FUSION OF INTERACTION.
WE PRESERVED PART OF OLD SHIKUMEN RUINS, ESPECIALLY THE OLD STONE DOORS. WE SET SEVERAL SMALL GARDENS IN THE PLACE OF OLD SHIKUMEN, TO CREATE NEW MODES OF COMMUNICATION. WE USE TWO FACE-TO-FACE WALLS IN THE CENTER OF THE BUILDING TO DIVIDE SPACE AND CULTIVATE A FEELING OF THE OLD ALLEY SPACE.
14
SPATIAL EXPERIENCES SUNSHINE
ENTRANCE
PLANTS
WINDOW
LIFE
COURTYARD
NATURE
ALLEY
TERRANCE
CULTURE
ARCHTECTURE
ROAD
15
RAMP
STAIRS
16
PLAN & SECTION
CIRCULATION ANALYSIS
FUNCTION AREA
8 8 10
THE OLD SHIKUMEN IS PRESERVED AND REBUILD AS A READING ROOM, IT IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC, WITH THREE COURTYARD IN FRONT OF THE BUILDING, PEOPLE INSIDE THE HOUSE CAN SEE THE STREET, THE INTERACTION IS EMPHASIZED. BOTH THE NORTH PART IN THE FIRST FLOOR AND SOUTH PART IN THE SECOND FLOOR SERVED AS EXBITION HALL. IN THE EAST PART, WITH THREE LEVELS, IS THE OFFICE PLACE, THERE ARE ALSO SOME RESEARCH ROOMS FOR HISTORICAL MATERIAL RESEARCH.
CAFE 6 1 8 7
9 3
PUBLIC DIRECTION
STAFF WALKLINE
1 EXBITION 2 READING ROOM 3 MEDIA ROOM 4 WAITING ROOM 5 TOILET 6 STORAGE 7 RESERCH ROOM 8 OFFICE 9 COURTYARD 10 CAFE
7
5
STORAGE
4
OFFICE 5 9
1 9
2
EXBITION 9
EXBITION
EXBITION
EXBITION
6 8
2F
3F
COURTYARD
ENTRENCE
STORAGE TICKET SALE
EXBITION
7.700
4.500
4.500
0.000
17
0.000
-0.450
SECTION 1
4.500
SECTION 2
GF
18
3 U R B A N ROOST DESIGN OF ZHANGJIANG GYM CENTER PROJECT LOCATION: PUDONG/ SHANGHAI/ CHINA PROGRAM: PUBLIC GYM CENTER CONTAINS SWIMMING
POOL,
RESTAURANT, GYM ROOM, OFFICE, ETC.
COLLABORATORS:
CHU MIAO MIAO(LEADER): DESIGN CONCEPT, FORM DESIGN, LANDSCAPE DESIGN, MANUAL MODEL, RENDERING. CHEN YI RAN: DESIGN CONCEPT, CAD DRAWING, ROOF STRUCTURE DESIGN. TANG KE: DIGITAL MODEL, RENDERING(ORIGINAL ONES). TUTOR: MS. WU WEI
19
THIS PROJECT LOCATES IN CITY WITH A BLUR BOUNDARY, A POOR OLD VILLAGE AND HIGH TECH PARK. WE INTENT TO DESIGN A GYM CENTER, WHICH LINK BOTH THE POOR SUBURB AND MODERN CITY. THE IDEA IS TO MAKE THIS BUILDING OPEN TO PUBLIC, WITH AN EASY AND JOYFUL ATMOSPHERE, BOTH POOR AND WEALTHY PEOPLE CAN FEEL RELAX INSIDE. WE BUILD A BIG ROOFTOP, "BOXES" WITH DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS RANDOM BENEATH THE HUGE ROOF, THE WHOLE CONSTRUCTION IS OPEN TO PUBLIC, EVERY PEOPLE CAN FREELY WALK INSIDE, TO FEEL THE POWER OF EXERCISES. HOWEVER, THESE FUNCTIONAL "BOXES" INSIDE ARE PRIVATE, PEOPLE HAVE TO GO INSIDE WITH A PERMISSION, MAYBE A TICKET. THESE BOXES ARE DESIGNED IN A UNIQUE WAY, SOME WITH SOLID OPAQUE WALLS, SOME ARE TRANSPARENT GLASS BOXES. SIGHT CAN PENETRATE SOME PART OF THE BUILDING.
20
URBAN CONTEXT THE SITE IS IN A BLUR BOUNDARY, LOCATS IN THE JUNCTION OF SUBURBAN, WHERE LIVES TWO TOTALLY DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PEOPLE, FARMERS AND PEASANT WORKERS IN A POOR OLD VILLAGE AND WHITE-COLLAR WORKERS IN HIGH TECH PARK. WE INTENT TO DESIGN A GYM CENTER, WHICH LINK BOTH THE POOR SUBURB AND MODERN CITY, AND MAKE IT A HABITAT FOR EVERYONE, HELP PEOPLE TO ESCAPE FROM STRESS AND ANXIOUS MODERN CITY FOR A WHILE TO RELAX THEMSELVES. EVERY PEOPEL WILL BE INVITED IN AND FIND SOME RELEASE INSIDE.
WEST
FARMER AND PEASANT WORKER
SECTION DESIGN CONCEPT ANALYSIS
21
THE BIG ROOF PROVIDE A HABITAT FOR ALL PEOPLE, VARIOUS KINDS OF ACTIVITIES MAY HAPPEN UNDER IT. ONE CAN CLEARLY SE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EACH INDIVIDUAL BLOCK: THE TRANSPARENT GLASS BOX AND OPAQUE BOX INTERSPERSED WITH EACH OTHER IN THIS ARCHTECTURE. WIND CAN SHUTTLE FREELY THROUGH THE BUILDING, SIGHT CAN ALSO PASS THROUGH. THE BUILDING ARE OPEN TO ALL SURROUNDING PEOPLE. MAYBE SOME OF THEM WHO LIVE A HARD LIFE CANNOT AFFORD THE GYM CLASS COST, BUT THEY CAN STILL WANDER HERE OR PLAY TAI CHI IN THE OPEN SPACE.
LOW INCOME RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT LIVE A HARD POOR LIVE HARD TO FUSE THE MODERN CITY
EAST
WHITE-COLLAR WORKER WELL PAID HIGH-TECH PARK ALWAYS BUSY TO WORK FIGHT TO FIT THE MODERN CITY BETTER
22
PROGRAM ANALYSIS SECTION DESIGN CONCEPT ANALYSIS 1
J
E
2
D
3
H
I
4
F 5
C F
23
UNDERGROUND PARKING
B
6
1 SOLAR ROOF 2 3m*3m STEEL GRID 3 4 LOAD-BEARING STEEL COLUMNS 4 INTERNAL ROOFS 5 FUNCTIONAL "BOXES" 6 SUNKEN SWIMMING POOL
G
A B C D E F G H I J
GATE SHOP TOILET & DRESSING ROOM SWIMMING POOL GYMNASIUM FUNCTIONAL ROOM RESTAURANT OFFICE EQUIPMENT ROOM STERILIZATION CHAMBER
A
FIRSTFLOOR PLAN
ROOF TOP
24
SECTION ANALYSIS ON THE RIGHT IS THE RESTAURANT AND OFFICE. ONE CAN CLEARLY SE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RACH INDIVIDUAL BLOCK: THE TRANSPARENT GLASS BOX AND OPAQUE BOX INTERSPERSED WITH EACH OTHER IN THIS ARCHTECTURE. WIND CAN SHUTTLE FREELY THROUGH THE BUILDING, SIGHT CAN ALSO PASS THROUGH. THE BUILDING ARE OPEN TO ALL SURROUNDING PEOPLE. MAYBE SOME OF THEM WHO LIVE A HARD LIFE CANNOT AFFORD THE GYM CLASS COST, BUT THEY CAN STILL WANDER HERE OR PLAY TAI CHI IN THE OPEN SPACE.
SOLID OPAQUE WALL TRANSPARENT GLASS WALL
25
26
① FITNESS ROOM
THE ENTIRE ROOF TRUSS SUPPORTED BY THE FOUR PILLARS, WHILE THEY ARE ALSO FOUR LIGHT COLLECTOR. PEOPLE CAN SENSE THE PURE BEAUTY OF STRUCTURE AND MECHANICS. CONSTRUCTIONS ALSO SERVES DAILY ACTIVITIES WHICH BECOME MORE ATTRACTIVE.
③
27
② POOL VIEW
④
SWIMMING POOL, IN THE CENTER, IS THE MAIN SPACE IN THE BUILDING. WE WANT PEOPLE TO FEEL PURITY AS WELL AS FEEL NATURE WHEN THEY SWIM. TRUSS GIRDER STRUCTURE AND TRANSPARENT ENVIRONMENT CONSTITUTE A STRONG SENSE OF BEAUTY BOTH HARMONY AND CONTRAST.
③ WINDOWS
WINDOW IS AN IMPORTANT LINK OF THE SPACE IN AND OUT THE ROOM. WHETHER PEOPLE IN THE BUILDING STANDING OR SITTING, THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT HAS A DIFFERENT EXCHANGE FEELINGS.
①
④
WATERSCAPE COURTYARD
ARCHITECTURE IS NOT A SIMPLE DIVISION OF INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPACE, THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT IS ALSO AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE BUILDING, IT WILL PROVIDE A WAY TO BRING DIALOGUE BETWEEN MAN AND NATURE.
②
28
4 RAINBOW CAKE DESIGN OF THE CAMPUS DOMITORY PROJECT LOCATION: ZHUJIAJIA/ SHANGHAI/ CHINA PROGRAM: 1000 ㎡ A STUDENT DOMITORY IN CAMPUS, INCLUDING DORM UNITS, GYM, RESTAURANT, ACTIVITY ROOM AND WORK STUDIO, ETC.
COLLABORATORS:
CHU MIAO MIAO (LEADER), DESIGN CONCEPT, FACADE DESIGN, CAD DRAWING, MANUAL MODEL, RENDERING. TANG KE: FORM DESIGN, DIGITAL MODEL, RENDERING(ORIGINAL ONE). JIN DANYAN: ROOM FORM DESIGN, CAD DRAWING.
TUTOR: MR. ZHANG YI
29
THIS PROJECT IS TO DESIGN A DOMITORY IN OUR CAMPUS, SPACE IS LIMITED AND THE SHAPE OF SITE IS A TRIANGLE, IT'S A CHALENGE TO UTILISE EVERY PLACE OF THIS SITE. THE IDAE OF THIS DESIGN IS TO BUILD A PALCE TO SHOW AND BETTER GUIDE STUDENTS LIVE A COLORFUL LIFE IN CAMPUS. WE TOOK SEVERAL BRIGHT COLOR INTO THIS DESIGN, AS COLOR HAS SO STRONG A STIMULATION ON PEOPLE'S BEHAVIOR AND MOOD. EACH LEVEL HAS ITS UNIQUE COLOR, WHICH ALSO REPRESENT A THEME, BLUE IS DRAWING AND GALLERY LEVEL, FORESTGREEN IS SPORTS LEVEL, LIGHTGREEN IS MUSIC LEVEL, GILLYFLOWER IS GIRLS LEVEL, ETC. COLOR LEVEL PLUS TRIANGLE SHAPE, MAKE THIS INTERESTING DORMITORY LOOKS LIKE A RAINBOW CAKE, ONE CAN SEE LIFE AND POSSIBLE ACTIVITIES IN THIS DORM ON THE RIGHT.
30
SITE ANALYSIS THE SITE IS IN CHINA ACADEMY OF ART SHANGHAI INSTITUTE, PUDONG, SHANGHAI. IN THE WEST, IS A HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRIC GREEN BELT, WHICH HAS A VERY BEAUTIFUL PERSPECTIVE. IN THE NORTH, IS A OFFICE BUILDING. IN THE SOUTH, IS THE SCHOOL PLAYGROUND.
OFFICE BUILDING EYESIGHT INTERRUPTION NOICE
SITE POSITION
SITE GREEN LAND SITE
BEAUTIFUL SCENE FRESH AIR
PLAYGROUND WATCH GAMES NOICE
SCHEMATIC DESIGN UNIVERSITY IS A PLACE TO MAKE LIFELONG FRIENDS, I WILL NEVER FORGET THE SCENEN THAT MANY FRIENDS OF MINE , CROWDED INTO THE SMALL DORM ROOM AND LIT CANDLES OF A RAINBOW CAKE TO CELEBRATE MY BIRTHDAY. NOT ONLY DO WE STUDY TOGETHER, BUT ALSO LIVE TOGETHER. WE LEARN THE TURE MEANING OF SHARING AND COOPERATING ANS EXPERIENCE MOVING MOMENT TOGETHER. IN THIS DESIGN, SPACE IS LIMITED AND THE SHAPE OF SITE IS A TRIANGLE, IT'S A CHALENGE TO BEST UTILISE EVERY PLACE OF THIS SITE. WE MADE SEVERAL CUT IN THIS "PIECE OF CAKE" TO BUILD A FLEXIBLE SPACE AS SHOWED ON THE RIGHT.
31
DEVIED INTO THREE PARTS
SEPERATE PUBLIC SPACE AND LIVING UNITS
LINK THREE PARTS
ADD GREEN SPHERE
32
PROGRAM LAYERS AS ONE CAN SEE FROM THE BELOW DIAGRAMS, THERE ARE SEVERAL MILTIPLE FUNCTION IN THIS DORMITORY. MOST PUBLIC FUNCTIONAL SPACE, SUCH AS RESTAURANT, MARKET, GYM, GROUP WORK STUDIO WERE IN LEVEL 1 & 2. IN ADDITION, SPACE IN THIS DORM IS IN THREE DIFFERENT LEVEL: PRIVATE SPACE(DORM ROOM), HEMI-OPEN SPACE(BALCONY & TRIANGLE VESTIBULE SPACE IN FRONT OF EACH DORM/ ACTIVITY SPACE IN THE CENTER OF THE DORMITORY), OPEN SPACE (GREEN SPHERE IN LEVEL 3 & 6)
B2
B1
B1 DORM ROOM B2 LAUNDRY
B3
B1
C1 GREEN SPHERE B1 DOM ROOM B3 ACTIVITY ROOM
B3
B1
B1 DOM ROOM B3 ACTIVITY ROOM
C1
3
2
1
10
C1
B1
B1 DOM ROOM B3 ACTIVITY ROOM
B3
B1
C1 GREEN SPHERE B1 DOM ROOM B3 ACTIVITY ROOM
B4 B2
B1
A8 A1 A5 A6 A7 A2 A4 A3
33
B1 DOM ROOM B2 LAUNDRY B4 STUDY LOUNGE
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
VIDEO ROOM GROUP WORK STUDIO GYM DUTY OFFICE CHINESE RESTAURANT DISTRIBUTION ROOM CAFE MARKET
3
1
8
6
7
5
4
3
3
6
2
6
5
6
7 B3
7
2
2 3
4
1
1
4
4
8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
9
GF
VIDEO ROOM GROUP WORK STUDIO GYM DUTY OFFICE CHINESE RESTAURANT DISTRIBUTION ROOM CAFE SUPERMARKET POND
3
5
5 1 2 3 4 5 6
3F
4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
GREEN BALCONY TWIN ROOM A 2+3 SUITE A TWIN ROOM B 2+3 SUITE B ACTIVITY SPACE
5F
TRIPLE ROOM TWIN ROOM A 2+3 SUITE A TWIN ROOM B 2+3 SUITE B ACTIVITY SPACE 3+3 SUITE 4 PEOPLE ROOM
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
GREEN BALCONY 2+3 SUITE A TWIN ROOM B 2+3 SUITE B ACTIVITY SPACE 3+3 SUITE 4 PEOPLE ROOM
6F 34
RESIDENTIAL EXPERIENCE SCISSORS STAIRCASE IS THE MAIN VERTICAL TRANSPORT, IT'S ALSO ONE OF THE COMMUNICATING CENTER IN THIS DORMITRY. VARIOUS POSSIBLE ACTIVITIES CAN HAPPEN IN THIS COMMUNICATING PLACE. TRIANGLE VESTIBULE SPACE IN FRONT OF EACH DORM IS ALSO A PLACE FOR POTENTIAL INTERESTING ACTIVITIES. STUDENTS CAN USE THIS PLACE FOR STORAGE, PARKING BICYCLE, PLANTING FLOWERS, CHATING, DRINKING AFTERNOON TEA, READING BOOKS, ETC.
PUBLIC SPACE
DAILY ACTIVITIES VIEW
SCISSOR STAIR
RESTAURANT
DORM ROOM
Go to the gym after the shower!
SURE! See you at 8:00! AWESOME!!! But I have to finish the homework in my dorm room~
HEY GUYS!!! Don't forget about the meeting in 1st floor!
A new band is playing in the grassland!!! In the 3rd floor!!!
SECTION 1
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SECTION 2
SECTION 3
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5 WANDER AWAY DESIGN OF QINGPU DISTRICT GENERAL WELFARE CENTER PROJECT LOCATION: ZHUJIAJIA/ SHANGHAI/ CHINA PROGRAM: 72OOO ㎡ INCLUDING OLD PEOPLE'S HOUSE/ DISABLED
REHABILITATION CENTER/ ORPHAN ASYLUM/ MEDICAL CENTER/ TEACHING BUILDING/ REFECTORY
COLLABORATORS:
CHU MIAOMIAO(LEADER): DESIGN CONCEPT, TOTAL SCALE DESIGN, OLD PEOPLE'S HOUSE DESIGN, LANDSCAPE DESIGN, CAD DRAWING, DIGITAL MODEL, RENDERING. TANG KE: LANDSCAPE DESIGN, FORM DESIGN-BUILDING, MEDICAL CENTER DESIGN, DIGITAL MODEL, TEXT BOOKS JIANG YUHAO: DESIGN CONCEPT, BUILDING FORM, REFECTORY DESIGN. JIN DANYAN: CAD DRAWING, ROOM FORM DESIGN, ORPHAN ASYLUM DESIGN.
TUTOR: PROF. LI HUI
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THIS PROJECT INCLUDES MULTIPLE FUNCTION UNITS, ELDERLY HOUSE, MEDICAL CARE, REHABILITATION, ORPHAN ASYLUM AND HOSPICE CARE, ETC. WHICH IS DESIGNED TO SOLVE THE SOCIAL PROBLEMS, BETTER MEET THE NEED OF AGING PROBLEMS. THE IDEA IS TO BEST USE THE SUBURB BEAUTIFUL NATURAL SURRENDINGS, WE PUT OUR EFFORT NOT ONLY ARRANGE ARCHITECTURES BUT ALSO ORGANIZE THE TIME PATH, MAKING WANDERING INSIDE AN INTERESTING AND WONDERFUL EXPERIENCE, HELP ELDERLY PEOPLE ESCAPE FROM THE NOISY MODERN CITY, LOST IN NATURE, FEEL THE CHARM OF LIFE AND TIME, FIND PEACE DEEP INSIDE PEOPLE'S HEART.
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CONCEPT IN THIS CASE, WE GOT THE IDEA FORM OBSERVING AND RESEARCHING TRADITIONAL CHINESE PAINTINGS.AFTER SONG DYNASTY. ONE CAN CLEARLY SEE THE REVOLUTION OF CHINESE PAINTING, FROM THEN, THE PAINTING BECOMES MORE ATRATIFIED, CONTAINING A SPACE WITH "VISIBLE, TRAVABLE, TENANTABLE" FEAUTRE.
SECOND PHASE
FIRST PHASE
ROUGH PLAN
MAIN WORK
INVALIDES/ TRAINING AND ACTIVITY CENTER/ AUXILIARY CARE HOSPITAL/ REFECTORY /ELDERLY PEOPLE'S HOUSE
ELDERLY PEOPLE'S HOUSE/ DISABLED REHABILITATION CENTER/ ORPHAN ASYLUM/ MEDICAL CENTER/ TEACHING BUILDING/ REFECTORY
STAND IN HILLS THIS PROGRAM IS LOCATED IN A PERFECT LANDSCAPE ATMOSPHERE, THE SITE WITH A NATURAL TERRAIN, BUILDINGS ARE ARRANGED BY UNITS, LAY OVER EACH SMALL MOUNTAIN.
PEOPLE'S BEHAVIORS ARE MORE HARMONY EMERGING IN NATURE IN THESE PAINTINGS. AS WE ALL KNOWS,HUMAN BEINGS ARE PLAYING A MORE AND MORE IMPORTANTN ROLE IN THE WORLD, BUT WE STILL CANNOT LIVE WITHOUT NATURE, WE HAVE TO FIND A MUTUALISTIC SYMBIOSIS. HILLS
BY PICKING UP SEVERAL ELEMENTS OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE PAINTING, WE TRY TO COMMUNICATE WITH NATURE, BALANCE THE RELASHIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWO AND FIND AN ELEGANCE AND COSY ARCHITECTURE.
FLOWING BUILDING
WANDER PLOT ARCHITECTURE
WE COMPARE BUILDING AS RIVER FLOWING IN THE NATURE. BUILDINGS ARE FROZEN WATER, BUT LIFE INSIDE IS ALWAYS ACTIVE, IT FLOWS AND SPREADS OUT. BUILDINGS LIES AT THE RIVERSIDE, GENTLELY AND QUIETLY. LIVING IN THIS PLACE COULD NEVER BE BORING FOR THERE ARE SO MANY POSSIBLE STORIES WOULD HAPPEN.
RIVER
GENERAL PLAN ELDERLY
DISABLED MEDICAL ORPHAN
TWO UNITS
BASIC BOX
PUBLIC SPACE
FACE THE RIVER
FUNCTION
MAIN STORY PLOT
WANDER TRAIL
SITE ANALYSIS THIS PROGRAM IS A REAL PROGRAM WHICH IS NOW DEVELOPING TO BE A WELFARE CENTTER. IT CONTAINS TWO PHASES, WE FOCUS ON THE FIRST PHASE, WHICH IN LOCATED NEAR THE RIVER. THE SITE IS IN A GOOD TRAFFIC CONDITION, SOUTH OF THE SITE IS DIANSHANGHU ROAD. SURROUNDING THE SITE, MOSTLY ARE FARMLAND. IN ADDITION, ADJACENT TO THE EASTERNSIDE OF THE RIVER, THE SITE IS RICH IN WATER RESOURCES, AN IDEA PLACE TO FORM A HIGH QUALITY WELFARE CENTER. WITH THE FAST PACE OF URBANIZATION AND POPULATION AGING, FACILITIES FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE IS IN SHORT SUPPLY, THE GOVERNMENT
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IS PUTTING MORE EFFORT TO MEET THE HUGE REQUIREMENT, THE BUILDING OF THIS KIND OF ARVHITECTURES ARE ALSO IN A REVOLUTION. MOST WELFARE CENTERS IN THE PAST LACK OF DESIGN, ONLY TO MEET THE BASIC NEEDS, SHOW LITTLE ATTENTION TO THE EXPERIENCE AND RESPECT TO THE NATURE BECAUSE OF HUGE POPULATION . IN THIS CASE, WE PUT OUR EFFORT TO FIND SOMETHING DEEPLY HIDE IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE CULTURE, THE SPIRIT OF LIVING A HARMONY LIVE IN NATURE. WE WAN'T TO GIVE THESE VULNERABLE GROUPS A COMFORT, HELP THEM FIND HAPPINESS IN THIS PLACE.
SINGLE BLOCK FORMATION EACH UNITE WAS SEPERATED INTO TWO PARTS, LIVING PART AND ACTIVITY PART, ONE IS STATIC WHILE ANOTHER ONE IS DYNAMIC .WE ALSO TURN A LITTLE BIT ANGLE SO THAT THE INTERSPACE IS MORE SPACIOUS. THE PASSAGES AND THE VERENDA CONBINED WITH CORRIDORS MAKE WONDERING THROUGH IN THIS HOUSE AN INTERESTING EXPERIENCE.
SEPERATE
BEND LANE
ACTIVE ROOM
CORRIDOR
ROOF TOP
FREE WINDOW
CIRCULATION ACCORDING TO THE TERRAIN AND BUILDINGS, TRAFFIC SYSTEM WAS WELL ELABORATED, WE BALANCE PERSPECTIVE, HIERARCHY, DISTANCE, B O U N D R Y, A C T I V I T Y, T U R N , DEVISION, COHEHERENCE, EVERY UNIT PERMEATES TO EACH OTHER, TO FORM AN INTERESTING AND FANTASTIC EXPERIENCE. FINALLY MAKE THIS PLACE A SPACE FOR BOTH LIVING, WANDERING, TRAVELLING, AND STAYING.
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SPACE SEQUENCE
FREE WINDOW
PERSPECTIVE
WE DO SOME DETAIL DESIGN OF THE ARCHITECTURE'S INTERIOR SPACE.
Water the flowers!
WINDOWS ARE SPECIALLY DESIGNED, EACH SIZE WAS ACCORDING TO THE ENERGY SAVING CONSIDERATION AND FRAMING VIEW. THE GALLERY, VERENDA CONBINED WITH SEVERAL "GREY SPACE" INSIDE THE ARCHITECTURE, SO THAT PEOPLE CAN BE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FREEDOM THROUGH MIGRATION AND WANDERING IN BUILDINGS.
I caught a big fish!
Fantastic view!
morning reading
GREY SPACE Plaza dance!
ACTIVITY PART IS IN NORTH, WITH THE EXISTANCE OF CORRIDOR, PEOPLE CAN STILL ENJOY SUNLIT FEELING AND BREATH THE FRESH AIR. Time to check health! Let's have a chess battle!
INSIDE CORRIDORS
computer lesson? Morning exercise! Tomato is eatable! Breakfest time!
OUTSIDE VERANDA
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Love walking!
Wow, Apple trees!
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2
1
2
13
1
10
9
9
9
9
A 2
D
9
8
4
10
12
3F
2
8
9
7
2F
2F
2F
3F
13
12
7
7
14
15
8 8 7
11
2F
10 10
1
2
3
H
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5
3
6
4
A B D C E F G H
OLD PEOPLE'S HOUSE OLD PEOPLE'S HOUSE OLD PEOPLE'S HOUSE ORPHAN ASYLUM DISABLED REHABILITATION CENTER MEDICAL CENTER TEACHING CENTER REFECTORY
A
1 DORM ROOM 2 NURSE HOUSE 3 TOILET 4 ACTIVITY ROOM 5 CHESS AND CARD ROOM 6 TEA HOUSE 7 GUEST ROOM 8 READING ROOM 9 CLASSROOM 10 MEETING ROOM
5
C
1 DORM ROOM 2 NURSE HOUSE 3 TOILET 4 ACTIVITY ROOM 5 CHESS AND CARD ROOM 6 TEA HOUSE 7 CLASSROOM 8 COMPUTER ROOM 9 READING ROOM 10 BALCONY
D
1 DORM ROOM 2 NURSE HOUSE 3 TOILET 4 CHATTING SPACE 5 ACTIVITY ROOM 6 CLASSROOM 7 TEA HOUSEV 8 GUEST ROOM 9 COMPUTER ROOM 10 MEETING ROOM 11 READING ROOM 12 RECOVERY ROOM
4
18 9
4 3
GF
GF
G
C
4
6
5 2
E
F
2
1
1
18
1
5
7
5
11
2
1
1
7
8
3F
3F
B
2
10
17
15
1 8
16
6
3 1
6
5
2
GF
GF
E
1 DUTY ROOM 2 CLASS ROOM 3 TOILET 4 KITHCEN 5 RESTAURENT 6 COURTYARD 7 CLINIC 8 OFFICE 9 STORAGE 10 CHECKING ROOM 11 MENTAL HEALTH CONSULTATION
12 RECOVERY ROOM 13 NURSE ROOM 14 LAUNDRY 15 DORM ROOM 16 GUEST ROOM 17 COMPUTER ROOM 18 READING ROOM
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SECTION
NORTH ELEVATION
THIS SECTION DEPICTS A SIGHT OF LIVING VIEW, ONE CAN SEE THE CORRIDOR AS THE CENTER AXIS OF THE BUILDING SERVES A SIFNIFICANT FUNCTION, IT LINKS TWO PARTS OF THIS ARCHITECTURE, AS WELL AS DIFFERENT BEHAVIOR PATTERNS. IN THE FIRST FLOOR, THERE ARE SPECIAL DESIGNED SPACE SEQUENCE, SUCH AS GRASS LAND AND WATERSCAPE FOR PEPLE TO HAVE A SMALL REST OR CHAT WITH EACH OTHER. A SIMPLE AND NATURAL LIFE IS WHAT WE INTEND TO EXPERIENCE HERE.
THIS IS A 1:150 MANUAL MODEL TO SHOW THE SPACE OF BUILDING A, ONE OF THE ELDERLY HOUSE. THE PHOTO BELOW IS THE NORTH ELEVATION VIEW. ONE CAN SEE THE INTIMATE RELASHIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ARCHITECTURE AND NATURAL TERRAIN. ACTIVITY PART OF THE BUILDING IS FLEXIBLE ARRANGED. PEOPLE CAN WANDER THROUGH THE ARCHITECTURE, AS WELL AS INTO THE NATURE.
MODEL
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FREEHAND DRAWING ALL ABOUT THE ARCHITECTUAL SCENERY
PEN DRAWING -- OLD CASTLE
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PEN DRAWING -- THE CITY SHANGHAI
PEN AND TONER PAINTING -- TRAVEL IN HANOI, VIETNAM
GOUACHE -- SKI FIELD
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MIAOMIAO CHU Email: Daisymiao75@gmail.com Birth: 05/07/1991 Current Adress: Room101, NO.56, Lane500, Baocheng Road, Xinzhuang Town, Minhang District Shanghai City, P.R.China Post Code: 201100
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