Demonstrative Pronouns A. There are 2 demonstrative pronouns in Greek: 1. The near demonstrative (ουτος) points out something near at hand -THIS house; 2. The remote demonstrative (εκεινος) points out something further removed - THAT house. B. Usages: •
Demonstrative Pronouns are often used alone with the force of a substantive. Example: D-NSM V-PAI-3S T-ASM N-ASM ουτος βλεπει τον οικον. This man is seeing the house D-NSM V-PAI-3S T-ASM N-ASM εκεινος γινωσκει τον αποστολος. That man is knowing the apostle. In this way αυτη could mean “this woman” and εκεινη could mean “that woman” ουτοι “these men”; εκεινοι “those men”; τουτο “this thing”, etc.
•
Demonstrative Pronouns are usually used with nouns with force similar to that of an adjective. In this use the noun has the article and the demonstrative pronoun stands in the PREDICATE position, not the attributive. Example: D-NSM T-NSM N-NSM ουτος ο ανθρωπος This man
T-NSM N-NSM D-NSM or ο ανθρωπος ουτος This man
The same position could be used with either of the demonstratives in any case function. Example: V-PAI-1S D-ASF T-ASF N-ASF βλεπει εκεινην την εκκλησιαν. I am seeing that church.
C. Forms:
“This” (Singular)
“These” (Plural)
M
F
N
M
F
N
ουτος
αυτη
τουτο
ουτοι
αυται
ταυτα
Gen τουτου
ταυτης
τουτου
τουτων
τοουτων
τουτω
Dat
τουτω
ταυτη
τουτω
τουτοις
ταυταις
τουτοις
Acc
τουτον
ταυτην
τουτο
τουτους
ταυτας
ταυτα
Nom
“That” (Singular) M Nom εκεινος
F
N
εκεινη
εκεινο
“Those” (Plural) M εκεινοι
F
N
εκειναι
εκεινα
Gen
εκεινου
εκεινης
εκεινου εκεινων
εκεινων
εκεινων
Dat
εκεινω
εκεινη
εκεινω
εκεινιος
εκεινιας
εκεινιος
Acc
εκεινον
εκεινην εκεινο
εκεινους
εκεινας
εκεινα
TIP - If the Greek form begins with “εκuse “that” or “those.” If it begins with anything else, use “this” or “these”
New words to watch for: αλλα (CONJ) – but, yet, nevertheless οτι (CONJ) – that, because