Lesson 14 Imperfect Middle and Passive Indicative (Continuous)
The imperfect middle and passive voice forms are identical just as they are in the present tense. The difference is one of function.
ελυοµην
V-IPI-1S I was being loosed, or I was loosing myself/for myself/ I and no other was loosing
ελυοµεθα
ελυου
V-IPI-2S you were being loosed, or ελυεσθε you were loosing yourself/for yourself/ you and no other were loosing
V-IPI-2P you all were being loosed, or you all were loosing yourselves/ for yourselves/you all and no other were loosing/you all were loosing one another
ελυετο
V-IPI-3S hsi was being loosed, or hsi was loosing hhi/ for hhi/ hsi and no other was loosing
ελυοντο
V-IPI-3P they were being loosed, or they were loosing themselves/ for themselves/ they no other were loosing/ they were loosing one another
V-IPI-1P we were being loosed, or we were loosing ourselves/for ourselves/we and no other were loosing/we were loosing one another
Occasionally some imperfect middle/passive forms will have an imperfect active function. Ex: ηρχοµην - I was becoming (instead of I was being become!!).
It is an idiom in the Greek that a neuter plural subject practically always has its verb in the singular.
Example: T-NPM N-NPM V-PAI-3S N-ASN CONJ N-ASM τα τεκνα εχει (not εχουσι) καρπον και αρτον. Literal: The children he/she/it is having fruit and bread. Idiomatic: The children are having fruit and bread.
και (and) also has other uses than as a simple connective.
* It can also mean also or even. When used in this way its position in the Greek is immediately in front of the word with which it is logically connected. The context will determine whether to use and, even or also. Ex:
V-PAI-3P CONJ N-NPM T-ASM N-ASM γινωσκουσι και αµαρτολοι τον νοµον.
Literal: They are knowing and/even/also sinners the law. Idiomatic: Even sinners are knowing the law. Ex: D-NSN CONJ CONJ P-1NS V-PAI-1S τουτο δε και εγω γινωσκω. Literal: This thing but/moreover/and and/even/also I I am knowing. Idiomatic: But this thing I, myself, also am knowing. OR But this thing even I myself am knowing.
∗και...και is a correlative constructive which should be translated both... and. In this construction, the two uses of και cannot be separated by punctuation. Example: CONJ T-NPM N-NPM CONJ T-NPM N-NPM V-PAI-3S D-ASN και οι µαθηται και οι προφηται γινωσκουσι τουτο. Literal: Both the disciples and the prophets they are knowing this thing. Idiomatic: Both the disciples and the prophets are knowing this thing.
NEW WORDS: ουδε - nor, neither, not, not even ουπω - not yet