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portFolio
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
Design to make...
A Bit Better, Every Day If a design could be perfect, it would be no fun. I am excited by the boundless opportunities to form and better understand the spaces we inhabit. Designing for the communities around me has proven to be an amazing experience each time, so I can only hope to give a bit back.
T: 410-991-0411 E: Smike5@vt.edu
Table of Contents | Portfolio 2018
Selected Works Courtyards at Beth Sholom - Nature-Based Therapy
4
Weaving Stories - Atlanta’s National Water Trail
12
Emerald + Sapphire Necklance - A Resliency Park
18
The Garland Market - A Growing Commons
26
Blacksburg Post Office - A Timely Relationship
32
Education - Experience - Skills
44
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
Courtyards at Beth Sholom Nature-Based Therapy
The design of this courtyard garden at the Beth Sholom retirement community facilitate naturebased therapy treatments. Members of the Beth Sholom Community will be able to join classes in the garden where they will learn about the different plants and also plant their own seeds. Watching this growth of the plants, but also taking care of it is a proven method in many therapies of this kind. This courtyard garden is designed to draw members outdoors as self-confidence improves. It seeks to peek curiosities about the naturalistic setting within it, while promoting ambulatory and cognitive improvement
Nature-Based Therapy at Beth Sholom | Portfolio 2018
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
2'-9"
5'-6" 5 8"
RUBBER COATING.
1'
3000 PSI CONCRETE WITH ROUGH SURFACE. # 4 REINFORCED REBAR.
Handicap-Accessible Planter PLANTERS CONSTRUCTED FROM EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE WITH GRP SHELL. SURFACE TO BE ROUGHENED.
Main Planting Bed
TOPSOIL AND BACKFILL MIX.
# 3 REBAR REINFORC
WEEP HOLE TO DRAIN
1 4"
NTERS WITH RUBBER COATING SCALE: 21" = 1'
ALUMINUM SIDING.
TOPSOIL AND BACKFILL MIX.
CR6 AGGREGATE FILL. 2'-6" 1'
8"
8" PVC PIPE.
3"
ensure that those living at Beth Sholom can experience the bounty of nature even when unable to leave the premises. Color, smells, and wildlife provide a bit of excitement and surprise here through all four seasons. 1'-0"
COMPACTED FILL.
A risen planter is placed at the center of the court to create a circular path around a handicap-accessible ledge. Community gardening sessions are held in early spring by a horticultural therapist. The pleasant distractions found within this garden
1'-6"
CR6 AGGREGATE FILL.
7 SD 3
POURED-IN-PLACE CONC. STAIRS AND CONC. PAVEMENT SCALE: 21" = 1'
5 8"
RUBBER COATING.
3000 PSI MIN. CONCRE WITH ROUGH SURFAC # 4 REBAR REINFORC
CR6 AGGREGATE FILL
COMPACTED FILL.
Nature-Based Therapy at Beth Sholom | Portfolio 2018
Summer
Fall
Winter
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
This courtyard employs the profound affect nature has on human health. As this garden provides transitions for residents to journey outside so that they can exercise, relax, and care for their garden, it serves as means to physical and mental improvement.
Nature-Based Therapy at Beth Sholom | Portfolio 2018
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
Weaving Stories
Atlanta’s National Water Trail Just north of Atlanta, Georgia runs a 48-mile National Water Trail along the Chattahoochee River. After the design team floated two trips down the trail, we realized a missing identity could be w here to tie the remaining pristine nature together with the Atlanta “megatropolis”. Weave the sense of place of the Chattahoochee with the Atlanta metropolitan region by establishing an identity for the water trail and then blending it and contrasting it with the cities.
Chattahoochee Water Trail | Portfolio 2018
TYPOLOGIES Typologies along the trail...
trailheads
beaches
ramps + docks
ramps + stairs
stairs
docks
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
This National Recreation Area stretches past historic rock shoals, outcroppings, and fishing wiers. Adventurers are keyed in to their location along the trail by the docks, boat launches, and trail heads located throughout.
Here, the identity of the National Parks Service is expressed in the form and material of these designed features, which are accented by the surrounding ecology.
Chattahoochee Water Trail | Portfolio 2018
concrete
wood
BOAT RAMP
DOCK
TRAIL POST
Red Oak Quercus rubra
Pignut Hickory Carya glabra
Blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum
Black Oak Quercus velutina
Chestnut Oak Quercus montana
Bitternut Hickory Carya cordiformis
Shagbark Hickory Carya ovata
Mountain Laurel Kalmia latifolia
Scarlet Oak Quercus coccinea
White Oak Quercus alba
Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida
Hawthorn Crataegus spp.
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
By crowdsourcing Flickr, Twitter, and Instagram posts throughout the water trail, we found key paths that will connect the sepparate parks on land and provide destination points along the river.
Such connections allow the park to respond to the expanding metropolis by providing urban park space where necessary, and preserving the pristine nature within.
Chattahoochee Water Trail | Portfolio 2018
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
Bowmans Island
Sugar Hill
Settles Bridge
Roswell
Suwanee
Johns Creek Abbotts Bridge
Vickery Creek Jones Bridge
Gold Branch
Johnson Ferry Sope Creek
Sandy Springs
Cochran Shoals Columns Drive Interstate North Parkway
Powers Island
PalisadesAkers Drive &Paces Mill
Indian Trail PalisadesWhitewater Creek
Atlanta
Island Ford
Duluth Medlock Bridge
Chattahoochee Water Trail | Portfolio 2018
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
Emerald + Sapphire Necklace
A Community-Based Resiliency Design Water is a part of the fabric that makes up Virginia Beach, so let’s take advantage of it. As the sea rises, waterways will connect in the lowlands of Virginia Beach. It is here that people will be able to travel through the heart of city on water.
Emerald + Sapphire Necklace | Portfolio 2018
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
SL 2010
SL 2050 +15 in.
SL 2100 +31 in.
The Atlantic Ocean will rise to more than 15 inches higher than Virginia Beach by 2050. This sea level rise (SL 2050), with the concurrent subsidence, threatens multiple communities in the city. One of the most
critical areas of the city lies in the floodplain between the iconic Mt. Trashmore Park and the Bow Creek Golf Course (shown from left to right respectively).
Emerald + Sapphire Necklace | Portfolio 2018
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
While residents continue to move to higher ground, the city’s canals will connect the Green Sea Blueway and Greenway to the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, forming a water-wise public park central to the city. Today -- The park is a tidal canal that fosters some water sport activity when submerged, and as a pedestrian corridor through the center of the city when the water recedes.
Emerald + Sapphire Necklace | Portfolio 2018
SL 2100 + 31 in. Tomorrow -- This will be a main recreational transect through Virginia Beach that connects residents to unique destinations from as far south as Pungo, to the north, at Pembroke and Lynnhaven Beach.
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
The Garland Market A Growing Commons
This studio was charged to design a democratic landscape for Southwest D.C. Compared the commons, which saw its downfall in its overuse, today’s commons could grow with more frequent use. Truly democratic public space is one that purifies the rain that runs off to other sites below and provides an amenity for the public. A forest garden on the hilltop of St. Elizabeth’s East is maintained and replanted throughout the city as people extend this garden t0 their own communities.
The Garland Market, D.C. | Portfolio 2018
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio GARDENS OF NEW COLUMBIA
STATE CAPITOL DEMOCRACY
GROUNDS NEW COLUMBIA
GARDENS OF NEW COLUMBIA
STATE CAPITOL DEMOCRACY
GROUNDS NEW COLUMBIA
SLOPE SLOPE
FLOOD FLOOD
ELEVATION ELEVATION
SLOPE SLOPE
SLOPE FLOOD SLOPE FLOOD
FLOOD ELEVATION FLOOD ELEVATION
SLOPE OF 0-8% SLOPE OF 0-8%
FLOOD ELIMINATED FROM SCOPE FLOOD ELIMINATED FROM SCOPE
ELEVA ELEVA
Slopes in less than 8% or OF 3.5°0-8% most are suitable for development SLOPE and cultivation. SLOPE OF 0-8%
The 2% annual FLOOD floodplain should be protected from development OF 0-8% FROM SCOPE SLOPEELIMINATED unless a harbor, marina, or other water related industry is ELIMINATED FROM SCOPE OF 0-8% SLOPE FLOOD planned for this area.
Much of the initia F ELEVA but over time de ELEVA Lady of PerpetuaF
Slopes in less than 8% or 3.5° most are suitable for development and cultivation.
The 2% annual be protected from Slopes in less floodplain than 8% orshould 3.5° most are suitable fordevelopment development unless a harbor, marina, or other water related industry is and cultivation. planned for this area.
The 2% fl Much of annual the initia unless harbor, but overa time de planned for this Lady of Perpetua
SLOPE OF 8-100%
FLOOD FROM 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN
ELEVA
OF 8-100% 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN SLOPE FLOOD FROM The lands ELEVA below Slopes in excess of 8% or 3.5° are prone to erosion and should be The 2% annual floodplain is valuable for marine-dependent communities such protected or stabilized with plantings, unless developments makes institutions as well as for fertile soils for agricultural purposes. 8-100% 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN SLOPE FLOOD ELEVA OF 8-100% SLOPEFROM F continue to expan strong effort to fortify the OF slope. “We wish to find the discrete processes that carry their own values and prohibitions: it is from these that open space should be selected, it is these that should provide the p OFkey 8-100% 100prone YEAR FLOODPLAIN SLOPE FLOOD ELEVA OF 8-100% SLOPE This site was found by extracting landscape thisbesite, theThe citizens work grow this historic The belowflF Slopes in excess of 8% the or 3.5° are prone to erosion and should 2% annual floodplain is3.5° valuable for marine-dependent Slopes in excess of 8% to orFROM are to erosion and should be The lands 2% annual -should Ian McHarg Design with “We wish to find with the discrete processes that carry theirmakes own values and prohibitions: itoriswell from thatplantings, open space be selected, it is Nature these that should provideasthe communities such stabilized unless developments institutions asthese fertile soils for agricultural purposes. protectedas stabilized with unless developments makes institutions wep elements (shown in protected green)orthat affectplantings, the health of hospital’s farmland into aforproductive landscape, - Ian McHarg Design with Nature continue to expan strong effort to fortify the slope. strong effort to fortify the slope. “We wish to find the discrete processes that carry their own values and prohibitions: is from that open space should selected, it is these provideitthe “Weit wish to these find the discrete processes thatbecarry their own valuesthat andshould prohibitions: is frp
the forest garden, and the surrounding sites. Within while gathering either at the Garland Market’s
-should Ian McHarg Design “We wish to find the discrete processes that carry their own values and prohibitions: is from that open space selected, it is Nature these provideitthe “Weit wish to these find the discrete processes thatbecarry theirwith own valuesthat andshould prohibitions: is frp - Ian McHarg Design with Nature
The Garland Market, D.C. | Portfolio 2018 GARDENS OF NEW COLUMBIA
STATE CAPITOL DEMOCRACY
GROUNDS NEW COLUMBIA
GARDENS OF NEW COLUMBIA
STATE CAPITOL DEMOCRACY
GROUNDS NEW COLUMBIA
ELEVATION ELEVATION
ASPECT ASPECT
ELEVATION ASPECT ELEVATION ASPECT
ASPECT ASPECT
FLOOD ELIMINATED FROM SCOPE FLOOD ELIMINATED FROM SCOPE
ELEVATION OF 30 TO 430 FEET ELEVATION OF 30 TO 430 FEET
ASPECT SOUTH-FACING SLOPES ASPECT SOUTH-FACING SLOPES
floodplain should be430 protected from development ELIMINATED FROM FLOOD 30 TO FEET SCOPE ATION OF marina, or other water related industry is ELIMINATED FROM SCOPE FLOOD OF 30 TO 430 FEET ATION area.
Much of the initial ridge SOUTH-FACING inOF Southeast D.C.FEET was heavily forested, 30 TO 430 ELEVATION SLOPES ASPECT but over time developed with the St. Elizabeth’s Hospital and Our OF 30 TO 430 FEET ELEVATION SOUTH-FACING SLOPES ASPECT Lady of Perpetual Help Church.
The top of the ASPECT ridge is susceptible to high winds from the SOUTH-FACING SLOPES northwest in the winter, but can benefit from sun exposure to the SOUTH-FACING SLOPES ASPECT southwest.
floodplain be protected from development al ridge in should Southeast D.C. was heavily forested, marina, or other related industry eveloped with the water St. Elizabeth’s Hospitalisand Our alarea. Help Church.
Much in Southeast D.C.winds was heavily forested, The topofofthe theinitial ridgeridge is susceptible to high from the but over time St. Elizabeth’s Hospital and Our northwest in thedeveloped winter, butwith canthe benefit from sun exposure to the Lady of Perpetual Help Church. southwest.
The top of the ridge is susceptible to high winds from the northwest in the winter, but can benefit from sun exposure to the southwest.
FLOOD FROM 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN
ELEVATION FROM 0 TO 30 FEET
ASPECT NORTH-FACING SLOPES
NORTH-FACING SLOPES FROM 0 ridge TO 30comprise FEET 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN FLOOD FROM The lands ELEVATION below the southeastern of historic floodplain is valuable for marine-dependent Forested areas ASPECT along north-facing slopes should be preserved for communities such as Berry Farm and Historic Anacostia, which will ell as for fertile soils for agricultural purposes. nature corridors as well as wind pro NORTH-FACING SLOPES TOYEAR 30 FEET FROM 0 TO 30 FEET ATION FROM ASPECT FROM 0100 FLOODPLAIN FLOOD ELEVATION ASPECT NORTH-FACING SLOPES continue to expand outside the floodplain. rom these that open space should be selected, it is these that should provide the pattern, not only of metropolitan open space, but also the positive pattern of development” NORTH-FACING SLOPES NORTH-FACING SLOPES FROM 0100 TOYEAR 30comprise FEET FROM 0slopes TO 30comprise FEET ATION ASPECT FROM FLOODPLAIN FLOOD ELEVATION farmer’s and crafts market, or beofpreserved according to Forested the popular axiom --beplant the southeastern ridge of historicmarket, local Thearts lands below the southeastern ridge historic Forested areas along north-facing should for floodplain is valuable for marine-dependent areas ASPECT along farmer’s north-facing slopes should preserved for -should Ian McHarg Design with rom that space be selected, is Nature these that should provide the only of metropolitan open space, pattern of development” h as Berry Farmopen andfor Historic Anacostia, which itwill communities such as Berry Farm and Historic Anacostia, whichbut willalso the positive nature corridors aspattern, well as not wind pro ell asthese for fertile soils agricultural purposes. nature corridors as well as wind pro culinary school. The forest garden that encompasses vegetables for yourself, fruit trees for your children, Ian McHarg Design with Nature nd outside the floodplain. continue to expand outside the floodplain. COLUMBIA pattern, not only of metropolitan space, but thethat positive pattern of the development” rom these that open space shouldopen be selected, it isalso these should provide pattern,NEW not only of metropolitan open space, but also the positive pattern of development” STATE CAPITOL
the majority of the campus here was planted GROUNDS
and nut trees for your grandchildren.
Ian McHarg Design but with Nature pattern, not only of metropolitan open space, thethat positive pattern of the development” rom these that open space -should be selected, it isalso these should provide pattern, not only of metropolitan open space, but also the positive pattern of development” NEW COLUMBIA
STATE CAPITOL
GROUNDS
- Ian McHarg Design with Nature
NEW COLUMBIA
STATE CAPITOL
GROUNDS
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
Forest Garden
Urban Parks
The Commons
The Garland Market, D.C. | Portfolio 2018
GARDENS OF NEW COLUMBIA
STATE CAPITOL DEMOCRACY
GROUNDS NEW COLUMBIA
FLOOD FLOOD
SLOPE OF 0-8% SLOPE OF 0-8%
FLOOD ELIMINATED FROM SCOPE FLOOD ELIMINATED FROM SCOPE
Slopes in less than 8% or 3.5° most are suitable for development and cultivation.
ASPECT ASPECT
ELEVATION ELEVATION
The 2% annual floodplain should be protected from development unless a harbor, marina, or other water related industry is planned for this area.
ELEVATION OF 30 TO 430 FEET ELEVATION OF 30 TO 430 FEET Much of the initial ridge in Southeast D.C. was heavily forested, but over time developed with the St. Elizabeth’s Hospital and Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church.
ASPECT SOUTH-FACING SLOPES ASPECT SOUTH-FACING SLOPES The top of the ridge is susceptible to high winds from the northwest in the winter, but can benefit from sun exposure to the southwest.
Forest Garden
GARDENS OF NEW COLUMBIA
STATE CAPITOL DEMOCRACY
GROUNDS NEW COLUMBIA
SLOPE OF 8-100%
FLOOD FROM 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN
ELEVATION FROM 0 TO 30 FEET
ASPECT NORTH-FACING SLOPES
ASPECT ELEVATION NORTH-FACING SLOPES FROM 0 ridge TO 30comprise FEET SLOPE FLOOD FROM OF 8-100% 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN The lands ELEVATION below the southeastern of historic Slopes in excess of 8% or 3.5° are prone to erosion and should be The 2% annual floodplain is valuable for marine-dependent Forested areas ASPECT along north-facing slopes should be preserved for ASPECT ELEVATION communities such as Berry Farm and Historic Anacostia, which will protected or stabilized with plantings, unless developments makes institutions as well as for fertile soils for agricultural purposes. nature corridors as well as wind pro continue to expand outside the floodplain. strong effort to fortify the slope. “We wish to find the discrete processes that carry their own values and prohibitions: it is from these that open space should be selected, it is these that should provide the pattern, not only of metropolitan open space, but also the positive pattern of development” Ian McHarg Design with “We wish to find the discrete processes that carry their own values and prohibitions: it is from these that open space -should be selected, it is Nature these that should provide the pattern, not only of metropolitan open space, but also the positive pattern of development” - Ian McHarg Design with Nature
NEW COLUMBIA
STATE CAPITOL
GROUNDS
FLOOD ELIMINATED FROM SCOPE FLOOD ELIMINATED FROM SCOPE The 2% annual floodplain should be protected from development unless a harbor, marina, or other water related industry is planned for this area.
FLOOD FROM 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN ASPECT
ELEVATION OF 30 TO 430 FEET ELEVATION OF 30 TO 430 FEET
Structured Growth
Much of the initial ridge in Southeast D.C. was heavily forested, but over time developed with the St. Elizabeth’s Hospital and Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church.
ELEVATION FROM 0 TO 30 FEET
ASPECT SOUTH-FACING SLOPES ASPECT SOUTH-FACING SLOPES The top of the ridge is susceptible to high winds from the northwest in the winter, but can benefit from sun exposure to the southwest.
ASPECT NORTH-FACING SLOPES
NORTH-FACING SLOPES FROM 0 ridge TO 30comprise FEET FLOOD FROM 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN The lands ELEVATION below the southeastern of historic The 2% annual floodplain is valuable for marine-dependent Forested areas ASPECT along north-facing slopes should be preserved for ASPECT communities such as Berry Farm and Historic Anacostia, which will institutions as well as for fertile soils for agricultural purposes. nature corridors as well as wind pro continue to expand outside the floodplain. prohibitions: it is from these that open space should be selected, it is these that should provide the pattern, not only of metropolitan open space, but also the positive pattern of development”
Ian McHarg Design with prohibitions: it is from these that open space -should be selected, it is Nature these that should provide the pattern, not only of metropolitan open space, but also the positive pattern of development” - Ian McHarg Design with Nature
NEW COLUMBIA
STATE CAPITOL
GROUNDS
ELEVATION OF 30 TO 430 FEET ELEVATION OF 30 TO 430 FEET Much of the initial ridge in Southeast D.C. was heavily forested, but over time developed with the St. Elizabeth’s Hospital and Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church.
ASPECT SOUTH-FACING SLOPES ASPECT SOUTH-FACING SLOPES The top of the ridge is susceptible to high winds from the northwest in the winter, but can benefit from sun exposure to the southwest.
Abandoned Farmland
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
The new, urban commons, decentralized among the residences of the city to enrich the urban tree canopy from Southwest D.C. to Capitol Hill.
The Garland Market, D.C. | Portfolio 2018
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
Blacksburg Post office An Embodied Knowledge
Post Offices were constructed throughout the United States, to provide a means of connectivity for the country as it expanded west during its infancy. Many of these such buildings are losing their initial program as they give way to electronic communication. As we rebuild these sites, can we acknowledge the feat that they were once built for?
Blacksburg Post Office | Portfolio 2018
Of f ice Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
in
Post at bend two all ed the n be site of ngs of ith
The initial Post Office in Blacksburg, Virginia is planned to become an antique shop. Its grounds will show the unique history that it was a part of, however. The lines of the canopy structure radiate out to high and low points in the town’s landscape, pointing out the hinderances that were overcome in the process. This form cuts across the abstracted herringbone brick pattern below that comes from the town’s characteristic brick sidewalks.
Blacksburg Post Of f ice Ultimately a series of these modules give way to vegetation to produce a metaphor of Blacksburg growing into itself. It provides a reflection of the antiquity that can be found on the mountains and along the rivers Sthat m formed o o t hthe v. R oofuthis gh terrain town before the postal roads Cmade o ntheir n e mark. ting Space
2
4
E n t r y V i e w
1 A Bend in Paper 3
Materialized Paths
Using an iterative process in the modeling phase of the design for the Blacksburg Post Office, the initial curve that was proposed as simply a bend in the landscape to define two spaces, carried thoughout all four models but was pushed further to the backside of the building. These models can be seen as the progressing of site design, but also as layers of depth in the understandings of how the curve interacts with the rest of the space.
Smooth
Connet
Blacksburg Post Office | Portfolio 2018
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
Blacksburg Post Office | Portfolio 2018
Michael Stelfox | Landscape Architecture Portfolio
Education Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Bachelors of Landscape Architecture Dean’s List: Spring 2014 - Fall 2018
Expected Graduation - Spring 2018
Washington Alexandria Architecture Center Bachelors of Landscape Architecture Dean’s List: Fall 2016
Fall 2016
Member of: Vice President Sigma Lambda Alpha Honors Society National Society of Collegiate Scholars American Society of Landscape Architects - Student Studio Collective Student Research Journal - Interviewer Virginia Tech Men’s Club Lacrosse - Midfielder
Experience Loch Collective - Annapolis, MD Landscape Architecture Intern - Took inventory of commercial and residential sites, diagrammed analysis in Illustrator, prepared client presentations, and drew construction documents.
Summer 2017 - Present
Clark Nexsen - Virginia Beach, VA Resiliency Research Fellow - Identified and engaged in a research project focusing on resiliency and coastal flooding adaptation strategies pertaining specifically to Virginia Beach. This project focused on how the city can respond to current inland flooding as well as future sea level rise.
Summer 2016
Outdoor Illumination Inc. - Bethesda, MD Irrigation & Lighting Technician - Installed residential outdoor lighting of landscape features from lit pathways to tree down lights. Ran maintenance checks of residential irrigation systems.
Summer 2015
Complete Landscaping Service - Bowie, MD Irrigation Technician - Worked alongside Turf and IPM manager and division superintendent to learn the installation and repairing processes of irrigation systems on residential and commercial sites.
Summer 2014
Education - Experience - Skills | Portfolio 2018
Technical Skills Photoshop
AutoCAD
Illustrator
Civil 3D
InDesign
LandFX
Rhino
Vectorworks
Grasshopper
SketchUp
Lumion Contact me:
ArcGIS
T: 410-991-0411 E: Smike5@vt.edu