INTRODUCTION RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
EXISTING TEXTILE INDUSTRY ECO-SYSTEM IN COIMBATORE
CASE AREA LOCATION-COIMBATORE
Textile clusters are the historical trade and unique landscape of the city, which is undergoing transformation in terms of spatial aspect and social fabric. This morphological changes in the textile clusters are not documented and the effects of the transformation are yet to be analysed in the city.
AIM Inclusion of spatial transformation and social fabric of the household in planning and development of textile neighborhoods for sustainable urban development.
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
Data Source: Textile commissioner’s website -http://txcindia.gov.in/, “SIMA-A journey through 75 years of textile industry in India” by Mrs.Shobana Kumar
COIMBATORE –ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES
TAMIL NADU
INDIA
SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study aims at finding out the current status of the textile sector. The transformation of the textile landscape (Mills, Handloom, Power loom and Export Networks) and change in social fabric of the textile oriented population in the city. COIMBATORE
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The study is limited to Raw materials network, component production network and apparel production network. The spatial analysis of the textile neighborhoods and social fabric changes mainly depends on the primary survey due to the lack of data.
LEGEND Technical textile clusters
TAMIL NADU Source: Textile commissioner’s list -http://txcindia.gov.in/
TEXTILE CLUSTERS IN INDIA Department of Planning , SPA, Vijayawada
COIMBATORE METROPOLITAN AND LOCAL PLANNING AREA EXISTING LANDUSE
SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORHOODS -A CASE OF TEXTILE CLUSTERS IN COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU
Source: Coimbatore Master Plan,2022
Michelle Mariadoss 2140400010 M.PLAN (URP)-Thesis
01
3
1
Four school of thought- cluster
Book 2015
1
2014
1
2012
2
2011
1
2004
Journal /book
LITERATURE REVIEW Journals
Year
7
CONCEPTUAL CASE STUDIES
Conceptual understanding-based on the cluster definitions
Industrial Districts California school Nordic school Porter’s industrial cluster Spatial pattern of industrial clusters
China textile industry, Bangladesh textile industry, Egypt textile industry
Source: CCED,2011)
SPATIAL CLUSTER CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN CITY LEVEL-CASE OF BEIJING
1 Register of business establishments 2
Data processed (Fuzzy logic approach)
3
Sub –categorized(size of cluster, employment)
Source: CCED,2011)
4 Analysis of change(growth of small clusters, decline of big clusters)
LITERATURE REVIEWED (related journals and books)
93% accuracy obtained
Networked
Linear
Concentric
Primate
Polycentric
5
Source: graphic generated based on the Literature understanding of Exploring spatial evolution of economic clusters: A case study of Beijing, Yang et al, 2012
Pattern of clusters analyzed Source: Case of Beijing cluster study, Yang et al. 2012
CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE 1. Abdallah, R. et al., 2012. The Textile Cluster in Egypt. 2. Choe, K. & Roberts, B., 2011. Competitive Cities in the 21st Century, 3. Yang, Z., Hao, P. & Cai, J., 2015. Economic clusters: A bridge between economic and spatial policies in the case of Beijing. Cities, 42, Part B, pp.171–185.. 4. Zhang, Z., To, C. & Cao, N., 2004. How do Industry Clusters Success: A Case Study in China’s Textiles and Apparel Industries. Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, 4(2), pp.1–10.
CITY PULL FACTORS
PUSH FACTORS
Land shortages
PORTER’S THEORY
Markets and fiscal decentralization
Disparity in incomes
Land and property markets
Infrastructure
Labor markets and human resources
Availability of resources
Government policies
2. Li, J. et al., 2015. The spatial distribution of industries in transitional China: A study of Beijing. Habitat International, 49, pp.33–44. 3. Lin, H.L., Li, H.Y. & Yang, C.H., 2011. Agglomeration and productivity: Firmlevel evidence from China’s textile industry. China Economic Review, 22(3), pp.313–329. Yang, Z. et al., 2012. 4. Exploring spatial evolution of economic clusters: A case study of Beijing. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 19, pp.252–265,2015 Department of Planning , SPA, Vijayawada
Functions of the clusters analyzed
7
Interviews ,with focus group
BACKWARD LINKAGES
FORWARD LINKAGES TEXTILE CLUSTER
Source: Case of Bangladesh, CCED ,2012
Cotton fiber
Porter’s Diamond Model
Consumer markets Source: CCED,2011)
PRODUCTIVITY AND INDUSTRIAL AGGLOMERATION
Cluster with patent right
Source :case of Beijing,(Yang et al. 2015)
Employment
Cluster analysis in block wise URBAN CENTRE
Inhibits the new cluster in the vicinity
8
Analysis forward–backward (or value-chain) linkages
Embroidery
Handloom
Manufacturing of fabric
LABOR MAPPING AND STRUCTURAL MAPPING
9 Focus groups to score the relative competitive strengths of the selected clusters(Delphi Technique) 10
Analysis of competitiveness deficiency gaps
Source: Case of Bangladesh, CCED ,2012
Overlay with transport and other utilities
Source :case of Bangladesh,(CCED.2012)
Import trade mapping Export trade mapping Internal trade linkages Only for representative samples
SPATIAL PLANING STRATEGIES
A bridge between economic and spatial policies
11 Spatial –economic characteristics Main agglomeration factors Main economic activities
Location Embedded linkages with cities Spatial signatures Source :case of Beijing,(Yang et al. 2015)
Made-up
Textile mills
Source: Generated based on the conceptual understanding in CCED ,2012
Source: CCED,2011)
Cluster analysis in imaginary concentric circle from the urban centre
Market
Packing
Supplier markets
METHODS/TECHNIQUES/APPROACHES 1. Delgado, M., Porter, M.E. & Stern, S., 2014. Clusters, convergence, and economic performance. Research Policy, 43(10), pp.1785–1799.
6
Preparing a strategic plan for industry cluster
Source: Case of Bangladesh, CCED ,2012,Egypt, Abdallah, R. et al., 2012
Characteristics of Manufacturing clusters Industrial traditions and resource advantages, global trade and labor division, industrial specialization Large scale production with a supplicated web of suppliers and supporting agencies Urban fringe, transport corridor Strongly dependent on the other clusters Industrial parks Source :case of Beijing,(Yang et al. 2015)
SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORHOODS -A CASE OF TEXTILE CLUSTERS IN COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU
Source :CCED.2012
Economic planning New satellite towns Growth poles
Endogenous growth approach Industry attraction approach Focal hub for economic growth Collaboration Michelle Mariadoss 2140400010 M.PLAN (URP)-Thesis
02
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE CRITERIA
LITERATURE REVIEW DETAIL MAPPINGselected clusters at plot level
COTTON PLANTATION
TEXTILE MILLS
City level analysis
Size of the mill
HANDLOOM /POWERLOOM Concentration of weavers
Location
Location Functionality
COTTON GROWING AREA-TRANSFORMATION
DISTRIBUTION OF CHINA TEXTILE INDUSTRY
PORTER DIAMOND MODEL NETWORK DEMAND CONDITIONS
FACTOR CONDITIONS Labor
4
Markets
RELATED SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES
FIRM STRATEGY, STRUCTURE, AND RIVALRY 2
Structure
2
Infrastructure
4
New products
2
Collaboration
5
Endowed resources
3
3
2
Technology orientation
1
Social environment
Business environment
Supply chains 3 Value addition 2
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
Infrastructure Approval systems Sustainable development
Research and development LABOUR-FORCE MAPPING
• Handloom • Power loom 4 samples from each cluster 12 samples
8 samples
District handloom and power loom director
SIMA Secretary
Experts
2 case studies
• City area • Local planning area 4 samples from each factory
24 samples
Labor
Business regulations
EXISTING MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY MAPPING
• Active mills • Large mills • City area • Sick mills • Small mills • Local planning area
Focus group
Location
3 case studies
4 samples from each mill Support for development
Adjacent land use
Flourishing /declining
6 case studies Source: Case of China, yang at al,2015;delgata et al,2014,Zhang et al,2015
EXPORTERS
Textile commissioner
47 SAMPLES(Total)
Non – structured interview
Weavers and power loom laborers
Mill workers
Other Focus group discussions
Garment factory workers
• Director of Central Institute for Cotton Research • Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
DATA COLLECTION GOVERNMENT/AGENCIES Ministry of textile ,State DEFICIENCY GAP ANALYSIS Source: Case of Bangladesh, Dhaka Capital Region,2012
Regional textile commissioner, Central
Main content Establishment Reduction at initial stage Reduction of land fees
Talent scheme
Reduction in income immigration policies Approval of location
Planning permit
tax
Type of policy Roles in cluster development Economic and spatial Facilitating economic incentives and fostering agglomeration Economic Promoting investment Spatial policy for firms located in Promoting investment particular area and Economic Generating intelligent labor force
Economic and spatial policy for firms located in particular parks Incubator Technical assistance, knowledge Economic and administrative policy for exchange and venturing capital parks Promoting high tech favorable land and taxation policies, Economic and administrative policy industries simplified land supply procedure Economic policy Infrastructure construction large municipal infrastructure Spatial policy projects
Department of Planning , SPA, Vijayawada
Establishment
Knowledge support, and capital support for start-up companies
MSME, District office
RELATED INDUSTRIES
GROWERS
Machinery and tools
Cotton farmers
Packaging Policy Instruments Allocating special area Preferable taxation Preferable land supply
District Industrie s Corporation
SIMA, South India Mills Association
SISPA, South India Small Spinners Association DATA COLLECTION TNAU, CICR, Cotton Co-operative societies
PROCESSORS
Made ups Household workers Cotton seed stock
Ginning factories
Textile manufacturers
Clothing producers
Fabric warehouse
Fertilizer manufacturers
SIMA, SISPA, Textile Commissioner regional office
SELLERS Exporters
RELATED CLUSTERS
TEXPROCIL,Textile Commission regional office
Retailers
Shipping and logistics long-term benefits for high-tech investments Improving urban infrastructure and public service
Distribution services Agriculture
RESEARCH AND EDUCATION Cotton research
Textile research center
Centre of excellencestechnical textile
Source: Generated based on the understanding from Pilot surveys
Source :case of Beijing,(Yang et al. 2015).
SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORHOODS -A CASE OF TEXTILE CLUSTERS IN COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU
Michelle Mariadoss 2140400010 M.PLAN (URP)-Thesis
03
TEXTILE INDUSTRY-CITY LEVEL ANALYSIS
CHANGES IN AVAILABILITY OF RAW COTTON
SPATIO-TEMPORAL MAPPING OF TEXTILE MILLS IN COIMBATORE
LAND UNDER COTTON PLANTATION 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
Gujarat
Maharashtra 2011-12
2010-11
2009-10
2008-09
2007-08
2006-07
2005-06
2004-05
2003-04
2002-03
1997-98
1996-97
1995-96
1994-95
1993-94
1992-93
1991-92
1990-91
1989-90
1988-89
1987-88
1986-87
1985-86
1984-85
TN
Source: Central Institute for Cotton Research, Ministry of Textiles, Government of India
Change in cotton field area per decade-Target area and achieved area of cotton plantation 41%
1888-1909
Source: Generated based on the Mill List (SIMA and SISPA) &Registration of Mills detail obtained from Regional Textile Commissioner, Coimbatore
In hectares
Source: Generated based on the database from TNAU , Coimbatore
3 9
23% 5%
44 102
156
LPA
0 9
50 10 45 10.5
8%
Corporation
LPA
16
35%
Corporation
Land use conversion
5 9
35%
5%
1888-1993
1888-1972
1888-1951
228
17
1888-1930
74
18 20 0 0
13% 2%
5%
49%
45 50 10 2.3
23% 13%
35% 26%
18% 5%
128 130 120 128
130 120 110 88 115 110 100
16 23
75 80
13% 1%
(In hectares)
Source: Generated based on the database from TNAU , Coimbatore
29%
9% 5%
40 35 17 20
2 5
50 54
60 55 30 31
Cotton plantation Districts of Tamil Nadu Cotton growing areas in Coimbatore.2015
120 112 80 81
Source: YES BANK Research, Cotton Market and sustainability in India report,2012
Small Mills
S m a ll S ick M e d iu m La rge S ick M ills Sick M ills M ills
Medium Mills
Large Mills
2005 2015 % of land in cotton plantation
Source: Generated based on the database from TNAU , Coimbatore
Cotton –change in supply chain 10% Source: Generated based on the database from TNAU , Coimbatore
60% 20%
•
•
Liberalization
potential zone for availability of raw material Existence of Monopoly in the raw material production chain
Department of Planning , SPA, Vijayawada
2015 2008 1998 1988 1978 1968 1958 1948 1938 1928 1918 1908 1898 1888
oldest mills established were sustaining the production with the available cotton in the city
REGIONAL
NATIONAL
40 20
16
60
LOCAL
Current Scenario
74
80
0
0
3
228
250 44
5
200
156
150 100 50 0
SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORHOODS -A CASE OF TEXTILE CLUSTERS IN COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU
9 9
102
Large Sick mills
•
LPA
Corporation
Medium Sick mills Large mills
Centralized board was set up
Medium mills
•
Small sick mills
Coimbatore declared as Cotton deficit region
Cotton
Small mills
•
and
Large Sick mills
Cotton research institutes Cooperatives were formed
2015 2008 1998 1988 1978 1968 1958 1948 1938 1928 1918 1908 1898 1888
•
After the liberalization, private participation .Many ginning factories were established in this time
Medium Sick mills
•
Size of the mills
Medium mills
10%
Small sick mills
Post-Independence
Small mills
Pre-Independence
9
Total area of Municipal Corporation:118 km2 Total area of Local Planning Area :1266 km2 Total area of Special Planning Area:52 km2
Michelle Mariadoss 2140400010 M.PLAN (URP)-Thesis
04
TEXTILE INDUSTRY-CITY LEVEL ANALYSIS 4
50 Scarcity of Raw Materials
Sold Out
3
60 Lack of Infrastructure
Modernisation
43 Labour Shortage
2
154 Fire Accident
Bad Market
textile
madeups
institution
industry
residential
idle
export garment factory
shifted
commercial
79
Reasons for closure of mills
53 84 12 79 17 116 2 20 12
Land use conversion of mills
Financial
SPATIO-TEMPORAL MAPPING OF SICK MILLS IN COIMBATORE
Active mills Sick mills
0-10
Active mills Sick mills Active mills
11-20
Sick mills Source: Generated based on Mills Database in SIMA,SISPA & www.txcweb.in
21-34
1888-2014
Concentration of Textile Mills in the Region
Concentration of Textile Mill workers in the Region
1991-2003
1991-2015
1931-1959
1931-1973
1931-1987
Clusters Identified
Source: Generated based on Sick Mills Database in Regional Textile Commissioner Office, Coimbatore
SPATIO-TEMPORAL MAPPING OF WEAVERS CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN COIMBATORE
1931-1945
Concentration of Unemployed labor force in sick mills
1931-2001
SPATIO-TEMPORAL MAPPING OF EXPORTING GARMENT FACTORY IN COIMBATORE
1931-2015
Source: Generated based on the Handloom and Power loom Co-operative societies list and Registration details from District Handloom Directorate, Coimbatore
1989-2014
Concentration of Export Garments in the Region
Clusters Identified
Concentration of Weavers Cooperatives in the Region
Concentration of working looms in the region-2015
Department of Planning , SPA, Vijayawada
Concentration of unemployed weavers-2015
Weavers in the active looms-2015
PRIMATE PATTERN
SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORHOODS -A CASE OF TEXTILE CLUSTERS IN COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU
Michelle Mariadoss 2140400010 M.PLAN (URP)-Thesis
05
TEXTILE MILLS-NEIGHBORHOOD LEVEL ANALYSIS
METROPOLITAN MURUGAN MILL NEIGHBORHOOD-ACTIVE MILL
RAMAKRISHNA MILL NEIGHBORHOOD -SICK MILL
WORK –HOME NETWORK
Ramakrishna mill neighborhood area -0.34sq.km Selected mill area -23151sq.m Type of unit - Spinning unit Mill units owned by -Private Owners Establishment year -1951 Sickness of the mill : Financial loss(2005) Status :shifted to Nagari, Andhra Pradesh and Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu RESIDENTIAL /COMMERCIAL CONVERSION-MILL SHIFTED
School
LAND USE-2015
Murugan mill neighborhood area -0.32sq.km Murugan mill area -73187sq.m Type of unit -composite (spinning & weaving) Owned by -NTC Establishment year -1935
Weavers residence
Warping streets
Spinnin g mill
Rest crècherooms
Open space for weaving
SUB-URBAN
School
Total workforce:402 Total shift :3
LANDUSE
Weavers residence
NTC Mill land(73187m2) NTC Mill land-encroached(33004m2) Corporation land(47152m2) Private owners land(153219m2)
16423m2
Weaving unit
73187m2
2002
Shop
Spinning unit
Vacant space for developme nt
Mill land LAND HOLDINGS-2015
PRE-INDEPENDENCE
Past
Raw materials from neighboring cities
Land in dispute
Tirupur Market Unit -2 Laborers from 5km
Textile mill
16581m2
Present
Raw materials within the city
2015
Unit -3
47152m2
153219m2 Market & labor
School
High end residential Mill land
Sold-out Sold-out
BUILDING FOOTPRINT AND HEIGHTS-2015
POST-INDEPENDENCE
Workers Home
1950-1989
Trade link
Work Weaving cluster
Workers 1km
Shift of capital
Home School
5km
Mill cluster
Tirupur Market
Raw materials from neighboring cities
BUILDING HEIGHTS & FOOTPRINTS
Unit -2
Raw materials from neighboring Lack of states modernization Investment Profit Sold out Machineries
Laborers from 20km
Shift of capital
Past
Unit -3
2002
1991-2008
Source: Generated based on Google map ,2015 imagery and primary survey
Workers Encroachment
More than 2000km
Accommodation sheds
Northern states
Tirupur Market
50km
6 5
Inactive spaces
Market & labor
Power loom shed
Work Workers
loom shed & Quality control
7
Nearby towns and cities
1km
2015
Home
1 4
8
2
3
5km
Raw Cotton Preparatory section Power room
Spinning section
Mill cluster Rest rooms for workers
Power room
Real estate developers
Unit -2 Investment
Residential
Profit maximization of other two units
Commercial
15km
Suburbs
Investment
Unit -3
Present
Market & labor
2015 Space analysis
Department of Planning , SPA, Vijayawada
Sketch of space distribution (not to scale)
SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORHOODS -A CASE OF TEXTILE CLUSTERS IN COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU
Michelle Mariadoss 2140400010 M.PLAN (URP)-Thesis
06
TEXTILE MILLS-NEIGHBORHOOD LEVEL ANALYSIS
METROPOLITAN
METROPOLITAN RAJALAKSHMI MILL NEIGHBOURHOOD-SICK MILL
CAMBODIA MILL NEIGHBORHOOD –ACTIVE MILL
LANDUSE
2002
Rajalakshmi mill neighborhood area Rajalskshmi mill area Type of unit Owned by Establishment year
Total workforce:608 Total shifts:3 Sickness of the mill:1947(lack of modernization) Key map
2015
Coconut grooves
Cambodia mills Weavers residence
Sri Hari mills
Coconut grooves Kadri mills Kadri mills
Farmland
1940
BUILDING HEIGHTS & FOOTPRINTS
-0.21sq.km -52695sq.m -spinning -Private Owner -1932
RESIDENTIAL CONVERSION-MILL CLOSED PERMANENTLY
Total workforce:523 Sickness of the mill:1996(lack of modernization)
BUILDING HEIGHTS & FOOTPRINTS
Cambodia mill neighborhood area -.28 sq.km Cambodia mill area -51665sq.m Type of unit -spinning Owned by -NTC Establishment year -1937
Cambodia Mill Cambodia residential Residential mills Commerci Mixedal use
Kadri mills Institution
2015 2002
2010
Mixed use
Mixed use
2015
LANDUSE
Land use in mill neighborhood A Mill residence converted G Staff quarters
into accommodation sheds Weaving sheds and residence converted into go downs
F Staff Facilities A
Vehicular shed
Mill established by British men with mill labor's residence, institution and other facilities within the complex
C Crèche converted into
canteen and rest room
G G
A
A Administrative office
1940s
INACTIVE SPACES IN THE MILL COMPLEX
2002
2010
Trade link (supply of yarn)
Small scale Weaving mills
2015 Large scale Weaving mills
Spinning mill F
G
Sold out (2010)
Existed Mill Land
G Handloom weavers Made-up
1
Sold out (2010)
Accommodation sheds
2 S
C
P
3 P
3 4
A
Independent units in the cluster with different trade linkages
3
2015
Sketch of space distribution (not to scale)
S
Private mill established with institutions and residence
7
5
4
Real estate property
Spinning mill
Export oriented unit
Residential area with home based made ups
Sold out (2000)
Institution not a part of the mill complex
6 Mixed use residential area
Department of Planning , SPA, Vijayawada
SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORHOODS -A CASE OF TEXTILE CLUSTERS IN COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU
Michelle Mariadoss 2140400010 M.PLAN (URP)-Thesis
07
TEXTILE MILLS-NEIGHBORHOOD LEVEL ANALYSIS
SUB-URBAN
SUB-URBAN RAJASHREE MILL NEIGHBOURHOOD-SICK MILL
VENILAKSHMI MILL NEIGHBORHOOD –ACTIVE MILL Venilakshmi mill neighborhood area -0.51sq.km Selected mill area -239sq.m Type of unit - Spinning unit Total workforce:30 Total shift :2 Mill land owned by -Landlords Mill units owned by -Small Scale Private Owners Establishment year -2012
Rajalakshmi mill neighborhood area Rajalakshmi mill area Type of unit Owned by Establishment year
2015
2002
Total workforce:15 Sickness of the mill:2010 (Bad Market)
INSTITUTIONAL CONVERSION-MILL CLOSED PERMANENTLY
BUILDING HEIGHTS & FOOTPRINTS
Shed owners
-0.42sq.km -37431sq.m -Small Spinning unit -Private Owner -1932
2015
2002
2002
Residential
LANDUSE
2015
Fertile lands
P&D Fertile lands Fertile lands Fertile lands
2002 Commercial
Residential
Q 2015
2002
Accommodation sheds
Mill Industries
Mill
C
Sp
P
A
Spinning Winding
SPATIAL ANALYSIS Exhibition Activity space space & classrooms
2015 Agrarian community
Fertile lands
Agrarian community
Fertile lands
Export oriented unit
Export oriented unit
Residential
Residential
Residential
Hostel block
Hostel block Residential
Agrarian community Fertile lands
Residential
CB
S
A
Auditorium
Mill
O
Power room
SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Mill
65’
Mill
Residential Residential
Staff utilities
Fertile lands
Small scale mill units
40’ Pre -liberalization
Department of Planning , SPA, Vijayawada
Liberalization
Spinning shed
Winding shed
Exhibition space
Present scenario
SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORHOODS -A CASE OF TEXTILE CLUSTERS IN COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU
Student housing
Lab
Library Faculty house
Michelle Mariadoss 2140400010 M.PLAN (URP)-Thesis
08
WEAVER’S CLUSTER -NEIGHBORHOOD LEVEL ANALYSIS
SIRUMUGAI HANDLOOM NEIGHBORHOOD
MALE 1000
762
13
293
0
2009 South India viscose mill
2015
FEMALE 600
Pungampalyam
Kitchagathiyur
2015
2009
ACTIVE LOOMS (Not to scale)
20
15 2
0 2009
2015
2009
2015
2000 Total number of household :26 weaver houses
114
415
Raw material
2015
818
Weavers cooperative
Existing weavers cluster
Admin
49
293
Neighborhood area of the weavers cluster -0.09sq.km Establishment year of the Cooperative -1955
Weavers cooperative
Sirumugai(oldest weavers settlement ) Bagathur
500 0
122
0
446
Moolathurai
FEMALE
MALE
2009
Saree
IDLE LOOMS
502
200
Weavers as laborers in mill
Noyyal river basin
ACTIVE LOOMS
400
Idugampalayam
2015
38
500
Ganeshapuram
2009
46
Dumping of toxic sludge in river basin
Neighborhood area of the weavers cluster -0.1sq.km Establishment year of the Cooperative -1948
METROPOLITAN VELANDIPALAYAM HANDLOOM NEIGHBORHOOD
13
VILLAGE
IDLE LOOMS
1985-2000
2015
ACTIVITY PATTERN-PAST AND PRESENT
Total number of household :10 weaver houses
Somanur (oldest power loom cluster)
Madhapur power loom cluster
MADHAPUR POWER LOOM NEIGHBORHOOD VILLAGE Neighborhood area of the power loom cluster -0.26sq.km Establishment year of the Cooperative -1961
Home work
Agrarian communities
Home -weavers Sulur (Export mill cluster)
2015 Early 1950’s Total number of household :138 weaver houses Total number of household :31 part time weavers
Open spaces
1970 Total number of household :234 weaver houses
Present land use
Department of Planning , SPA, Vijayawada
SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORHOODS -A CASE OF TEXTILE CLUSTERS IN COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU
Michelle Mariadoss 2140400010 M.PLAN (URP)-Thesis
09
METROPOLITAN
EXPORT GARMENT FACTORY -NEIGHBORHOOD LEVEL ANALYSIS
KPR MILL NEIGHBORHOOD
SUB-URBAN GN MILL NEIGHBOURHOOD
-Private Total workforce:920 -2003 Type of unit -composite( EOU)
KPR mill neighborhood area -0.1sq.km Owned by KPR mill area -15914sq.m Establishment year
Step :8
Total workforce:180 SPACE UTILIZATION Step :10
Admin
LANDUSE
Step :9
GN mill neighborhood area -0.06sq.km 1-main garmenting unit GN mill area -1225sq.m 2-tailoring unit Type of unit -EOU 3-quality check for raw material Owned by -Private 4-stock shed Establishment year -2013 Quality check for raw material
Step :7 To residential units
Step :3 Stock shed Step :5
A 3
2000
Workers rest room and power house
2015
Step :1
2
4
Step :4
1
Accessories Store
Manual check of sewing work labored to the household
Step :5
Processing 15914sq.m KPR mill complex Spinning unit GD Institutions
3 SIDCO Industrial Estate
Knitting Cording and weaving
Vertically integrated mill SPACE UTILIZATION
Department of Planning , SPA, Vijayawada
3166sq.m(ground coverage) Spinning + finishing unit+ accommodation
Early liberalization
Mills est.in 1935
Labor from villages
Institution Labor from nearby villages
Residential
nearby
Industrial sheds
Institution
Residential Garment units(small scale)
2
Spinning Women accommodation facilities
Residential
Grape gardens Residential
Sick mills converted into institution KPR mill complex (EOU)
Grape gardens
Labor
4
Garmenting
Labor
Residential
1
Spinning and
Store
LANDUSE
1980’s
5
Pre- Independence
Embroidery and printing
Mills est.in 1935
Step :2
Sick mills leased to industry
Residential
Residential
Horizontally spread spinning base units
2015
B
Early liberalization
BUILDING HEIGHTS AND FOOTPRINT
Step :6
1
Packing 6
2000
SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORHOODS -A CASE OF TEXTILE CLUSTERS IN COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU
2015
Michelle Mariadoss 2140400010 M.PLAN (URP)-Thesis
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Government support
TEXTILE MILLS
Value additions
Supply chains current position
Competitive position Technology orientation Very poor Significance Poor significance Average significance Good significance Very good significance
Endowed resources
Markets
New products
collaboration
WEAVERS CLUSTER
Technology orientation collaboration current position
EXPORT GARMENT CLUSTER
Very poor Significance Poor significance Average significance Good significance Very good significance
Value additions
Supply chains
Labor 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
Business environment
Gujarat
Integrated Cotton Cultivation Programme Coimbat ore
Procurement of cotton should be collective by mills
WEAVERS CLUSTER-INFERENCE
EXPORT GARMENT FACTORY -INFERENCE
New products Business environment
PROPOSAL :3
Space utilization
32578 m2 33422 m2
21336 m2
7878 m2
Win-Win position for both farmers and Spinning Mills
1. Village clusters selected 2. Capacity building 3. Seeds distributed and sown
Benefits of Farmers Technical guidance Crop insurance Input cost minimization Maximum yield
firm strategy ,structure and rivalry
Markets
current position firm strategy Competitive position ,structure and…
Integrating Cotton and spinning mills
Business environment
Endowed resources
collaboration
Integrated cotton cultivation program, Collective Procurement of cotton
Competitive position
New products
Infrastructure
Technology orientation
Kochi Port
Infrastructure
firm strategy ,structure and rivalry Labor 3 Government support Infrastructure 2.5 2 Value additions Endowed resources 1.5 1 0.5 Supply chains Markets 0
Government support
PROPOSAL :1,2
1. 2. 3. 4.
Labor 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
TEXTILE MILLS-INFERENCE
COMPETITIVE POSITION OF THE CLUSTERS
Cotton
Farmers Loan 8,000 Rs. per acre
Department of Planning , SPA, Vijayawada
Seeds
Bank
Mills
Benefits of Mills 1. Less than the market price 2. Less contamination 3. Reduced processing cost
2716 m2
11004 m2
Murugan Mill
SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORHOODS -A CASE OF TEXTILE CLUSTERS IN COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU
Cambodia Mill Michelle Mariadoss 2140400010 M.PLAN (URP)-Thesis
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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Cotton growing-suitable soil type
PROPOSAL :4
Small and large mills collaboration for infrastructure facilities
PROPOSAL :5
Integrate business park for informal mill establishments
Integrated facilities
Large mills
PROPOSAL :6
Integrate textile cluster with all sectors
Small mills
(not to scale) Source :survey of India
Integrated textile parks
In-Situ development of textile clusters 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
No displacement of people Social living remains the same Home –work- live Based on the existing functions and resources, infrastructure is upgraded. Time saving and optimum use of resources Need- driven; high success World bank funding for integrated cluster development in textile sector for 12th five year plan
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Displacement of people/re-locating Change in living conditions and comfort of the people changes Home –work- travel -live Infrastructure and resources are created for the function of the cluster Large investment ;success is not ensured Market- driven; low success E.g. :Nethaji textile park , Tirupur is a success which integrates many export companies in a complex with common facilities
Ideal cluster-in-situ development
Ideal cluster-integrated parks
Strategies for ideal cluster development
Weavers training school
Common warping units Exhibition spaces
Natural dyeing units
(not to scale)
Department of Planning , SPA, Vijayawada
Weavers residence Infrastructure developed in cluster Developed open spaces based on need
Textile industry City infrastructure
Integrated park (not to scale)
SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORHOODS -A CASE OF TEXTILE CLUSTERS IN COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU
Michelle Mariadoss 2140400010 M.PLAN (URP)-Thesis
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